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Liu HH, Xie Y, Yang BP, Wen HY, Yang PH, Lu JE, Liu Y, Chen X, Qu MM, Zhang Y, Hong WG, Li YG, Fu J, Wang FS. Safety, immunogenicity and protective effect of sequential vaccination with inactivated and recombinant protein COVID-19 vaccine in the elderly: a prospective longitudinal study. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:129. [PMID: 38740763 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01846-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The safety and efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines in the elderly, a high-risk group for severe COVID-19 infection, have not been fully understood. To clarify these issues, this prospective study followed up 157 elderly and 73 young participants for 16 months and compared the safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy of two doses of the inactivated vaccine BBIBP-CorV followed by a booster dose of the recombinant protein vaccine ZF2001. The results showed that this vaccination protocol was safe and tolerable in the elderly. After administering two doses of the BBIBP-CorV, the positivity rates and titers of neutralizing and anti-RBD antibodies in the elderly were significantly lower than those in the young individuals. After the ZF2001 booster dose, the antibody-positive rates in the elderly were comparable to those in the young; however, the antibody titers remained lower. Gender, age, and underlying diseases were independently associated with vaccine immunogenicity in elderly individuals. The pseudovirus neutralization assay showed that, compared with those after receiving two doses of BBIBP-CorV priming, some participants obtained immunological protection against BA.5 and BF.7 after receiving the ZF2001 booster. Breakthrough infection symptoms last longer in the infected elderly and pre-infection antibody titers were negatively associated with the severity of post-infection symptoms. The antibody levels in the elderly increased significantly after breakthrough infection but were still lower than those in the young. Our data suggest that multiple booster vaccinations at short intervals to maintain high antibody levels may be an effective strategy for protecting the elderly against COVID-19.
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MESH Headings
- Humans
- COVID-19/prevention & control
- COVID-19/immunology
- Female
- Male
- Aged
- COVID-19 Vaccines/immunology
- COVID-19 Vaccines/adverse effects
- COVID-19 Vaccines/administration & dosage
- SARS-CoV-2/immunology
- Prospective Studies
- Antibodies, Viral/immunology
- Antibodies, Viral/blood
- Vaccines, Inactivated/immunology
- Vaccines, Inactivated/adverse effects
- Vaccines, Inactivated/administration & dosage
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/immunology
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/blood
- Aged, 80 and over
- Adult
- Vaccination
- Longitudinal Studies
- Middle Aged
- Vaccines, Synthetic/immunology
- Vaccines, Synthetic/adverse effects
- Vaccines, Synthetic/administration & dosage
- Immunogenicity, Vaccine/immunology
- Immunization, Secondary
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Hong Liu
- Out-patient Department of Day Diagnosis and Treatment, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Yunbo Xie
- Senior Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, 100039, China
- Chinese PLA Medical School, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Bao-Peng Yang
- Senior Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Huan-Yue Wen
- Hunyuan County People's Hospital, Datong, 037499, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Peng-Hui Yang
- Faculty of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Jin-E Lu
- Hunyuan County People's Hospital, Datong, 037499, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Senior Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Out-patient Department of Day Diagnosis and Treatment, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Meng-Meng Qu
- Senior Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Senior Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Wei-Guo Hong
- Senior Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Yong-Gang Li
- Senior Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Junliang Fu
- Senior Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, 100039, China.
- Chinese PLA Medical School, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China.
| | - Fu-Sheng Wang
- Senior Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, 100039, China.
- Chinese PLA Medical School, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China.
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2
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Hirano H. Anti-spike protein IgG antibody responses up to 3 months after the third dose of the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine in medical care workers. J Gen Fam Med 2024; 25:140-145. [PMID: 38707702 PMCID: PMC11065147 DOI: 10.1002/jgf2.688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to assess the changes in anti-spike protein IgG antibody titer over time following mRNA vaccination (BNT162b2) against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. Methods We monitored IgG levels in 23 medical care workers (MCWs) for up to 3 months after administering the third dose of BNT162b2. Blood samples were periodically collected from all participants. Results Following the third dose, the median antibody titer increased to 252 and 327% compared with antibody levels at 1 and 3 months after the second dose, respectively. Additionally, compared with 1 month after the second dose, the median antibody titer decreased to 30.2 and 9.8% at 3 and 6 months, respectively, and to 39.1% at 3 months, compared with 1 month after the third dose. Conclusion Antibody levels declined quickly after the second dose but declined more slowly after the third dose, showing a booster effect. This study provides insights into the immunogenicity of booster doses and time intervals for booster vaccination strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harukazu Hirano
- Koyo Seikyo ClinicFukui Health Cooperative Association (FHCA)FukuiJapan
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3
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Senevirathne TH, Wekking D, Swain JWR, Solinas C, De Silva P. COVID-19: From emerging variants to vaccination. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2024; 76:127-141. [PMID: 38135574 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2023.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
The vigorous spread of SARS-CoV-2 resulted in the rapid infection of millions of people worldwide and devastation of not only public healthcare, but also social, educational, and economic infrastructures. The evolution of SARS-CoV-2 over time is due to the mutations that occurred in the genome during each replication. These mutated forms of SARS-CoV-2, otherwise known as variants, were categorized as variants of interest (VOI) or variants of concern (VOC) based on the increased risk of transmissibility, disease severity, immune escape, decreased effectiveness of current social measures, and available vaccines and therapeutics. The swift development of COVID-19 vaccines has been a great success for biomedical research, and billions of vaccine doses, including boosters, have been administered worldwide. BNT162b2 vaccine (Pfizer-BioNTech), mRNA-1273 (Moderna), ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (AstraZeneca), and Janssen (Johnson & Johnson) are the four major COVID-19 vaccines that received early regulatory authorization based on their efficacy. However, some SARS-CoV-2 variants resulted in higher resistance to available vaccines or treatments. It has been four years since the first reported infection of SARS-CoV-2, yet the Omicron variant and its subvariants are still infecting people worldwide. Despite this, COVID-19 vaccines are still expected to be effective at preventing severe disease, hospitalization, and death from COVID. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the COVID-19 pandemic focused on evolution of VOC and vaccination strategies against them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thilini H Senevirathne
- Faculty of Science, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Demi Wekking
- Amsterdam UMC, Location Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Cinzia Solinas
- Medical Oncology, AOU Cagliari, P.O. Duilio Casula, Monserrato (CA), Italy.
| | - Pushpamali De Silva
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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4
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Kwon YS, Park SH, Kim HJ, Park JS, Kim MA, Kim TH, Lee JY, Kim JY. Pneumonia Prevalence Upon Chest Radiography According to Vaccination Status Among Patients Under 50 Years of Age With Coronavirus Disease 2019. J Korean Med Sci 2024; 39:e55. [PMID: 38374628 PMCID: PMC10876433 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2024.39.e55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination is effective in preventing the disease transmission and progression. However, the relatively mild disease course of the omicron variant and the decrease in antibodies over time after vaccination raise questions about the effectiveness of vaccination, especially in young people. We compared the prevalence of pneumonia and chest X-ray severity score according to vaccination status among patients < 50 years old with COVID-19. METHODS From January 17 to March 17, 2022, 579 patients with COVID-19, who were < 50 years old and had a known vaccination history in our institution, were all included in this study. All patients underwent initial chest radiography, and follow-up chest radiographs were obtained every two days until discharge. Pneumonia was scored from the radiographs using the Brixia scoring system. The scores of the six lung zones were added for a total score ranging from 0 to 18. Patients were divided into four groups according to 10-year age intervals. Differences between groups were analyzed using the χ² or Fisher's exact tests for categorical variables and the Kruskal-Wallis test or analysis of variance for continuous variables. RESULTS Among patients aged 12-19 years, the prevalence of pneumonia did not differ depending on vaccination status (non-vaccinated vs. vaccinated, 1/47 [2.1%] vs. 1/18 [5.6%]; P = 0.577). Among patients in their 20s, the prevalence of pneumonia was significantly higher among non-vaccinated patients than among vaccinated patients (8/28, 28.6% vs. 7/138, 5.1%, P < 0.001), similar to patients in their 40s (32/52 [61.5%] vs. 18/138 [13.0%]; P < 0.001). The chest X-ray severity score was also significantly higher in non-vaccinated patients than that in vaccinated patients in their 20s to their 40s (P < 0.001), but not among patients aged 12-19 years (P = 0.678). CONCLUSION In patients aged 20-49 years, vaccinated patients had a significantly lower prevalence of pneumonia and chest X-ray severity score than non-vaccinated patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Shik Kwon
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keimyung University Dongsan Hospital, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea.
| | - Sun Hyo Park
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keimyung University Dongsan Hospital, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Hyun Jung Kim
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keimyung University Dongsan Hospital, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jae Seok Park
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keimyung University Dongsan Hospital, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Mi-Ae Kim
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keimyung University Dongsan Hospital, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Tae Hun Kim
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keimyung University Dongsan Hospital, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Ji Yeon Lee
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Keimyung University Dongsan Hospital, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jin Young Kim
- Department of Radiology, Dongsan Hospital, Keimyung University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
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5
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Li H, Wang Y, Li X, Wang S, Feng X, Xiao X, Li Y. Antibody response to inactivated COVID-19 vaccine in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus after the booster immunization. J Diabetes 2023; 15:931-943. [PMID: 37518861 PMCID: PMC10667667 DOI: 10.1111/1753-0407.13448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The immunogenicity of booster inactivated COVID-19 vaccines in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has remained unclear. Our study aims to investigate the antibody response to inactivated COVID-19 vaccine following booster vaccination in patients with T2DM. METHODS A total of 201 patients with T2DM and 102 healthy controls (HCs) were enrolled. The levels of anti-SARS-CoV-2 total antibodies, anti-receptor-binding domain (RBD)-specific IgG, neutralizing antibody (NAb) toward SARS-CoV-2 wild type (WT), and NAb toward SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.4/5 subvariant were measured to evaluate the vaccine-induced immunological responses. RESULTS The titers of anti-RBD-specific IgG (p = 0.018) and inhibition rates of NAb toward WT (p = 0.007) were significantly decreased in patients with T2DM compared to HCs after booster vaccination for more than 6 months. Both HCs and patients with T2DM showed poor resistance against BA.4/5 due to the detected inhibition rates being lower than the positive threshold. The levels of anti-RBD-specific IgG were positively associated with the proportions of CD3+ CD4- CD8- T cells (p = 0.045), and patients with T2DM who had anti-RBD-specific IgG positivity showed higher proportions of CD3+ CD4- CD8- T cells compared to those negative (p = 0.005). CONCLUSIONS Patients with T2DM showed impaired antibody responses after booster vaccination for more than 6 months. Decreased anti-BA.4/5 responses give rise to the possibility of breakthrough infections for both patients with T2DM and HCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haolong Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare DiseasesPeking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Yao Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare DiseasesPeking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Xiaomeng Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare DiseasesPeking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryPeking University People's HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Siyu Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare DiseasesPeking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Xinxin Feng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare DiseasesPeking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Xinhua Xiao
- Department of EndocrinologyPeking Union Medical College HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Yongzhe Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare DiseasesPeking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
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6
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Baratto N, Maistrello L, Pazienza E, Barresi R. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG Antibody Response in Individuals Infected Post Complete Vaccination: A 6-Month Longitudinal Study in Healthcare Professionals. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1077. [PMID: 37376466 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11061077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Serological assays have been used to evaluate the magnitude of naturally acquired and BNT162b2 vaccine-induced immunity. In order to assess the extent to which the antibody response correlates with infection-mediated protection after vaccination, we investigated the kinetics of anti-SARS-CoV-2-S1 IgG in fully vaccinated healthy individuals who did or did not develop COVID-19 within 8 months after the booster dose. The anti-SARS-CoV-2-S1 receptor-binding, domain-specific IgG titer was assessed in serum samples collected at various intervals from 4 months after the second and 6 months after the third dose. The IgG level decreased 33% within 6 months after the second dose and, one month after the third dose, increased dramatically (>300%) compared with the pre-booster time point. COVID-19 infection within two months after the third dose did not cause significant IgG variation, but later viral infections elicited an IgG response similar to the initial response to the booster. The probability of developing COVID-19 and the severity of symptoms were not related to the antibody titer. Our data indicate that repeated exposure to viral antigens by either vaccination or infection at short-term intervals elicits limited boosting effects and that an IgG titer alone is not associated with the prediction of future infections and their symptomatology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Baratto
- Neurobiology Department, IRCCS San Camillo Hospital, Via Alberoni 70, 30126 Venice, Italy
| | | | - Elena Pazienza
- Neurobiology Department, IRCCS San Camillo Hospital, Via Alberoni 70, 30126 Venice, Italy
| | - Rita Barresi
- Neurobiology Department, IRCCS San Camillo Hospital, Via Alberoni 70, 30126 Venice, Italy
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7
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Henig I, Isenberg J, Yehudai-Ofir D, Leiba R, Ringelstein-Harlev S, Ram R, Avni B, Amit O, Grisariu S, Azoulay T, Slouzkey I, Zuckerman T. Third BNT162b2 mRNA SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Dose Significantly Enhances Immunogenicity in Recipients of Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11040775. [PMID: 37112688 PMCID: PMC10145595 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11040775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19-related mortality among hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) recipients in the pre-vaccine era ranged between 22 and 33%. The Pfizer/BioNTech BNT162b2 vaccine demonstrated significant immunogenicity and efficacy in the healthy population; however, its long-term effects on allogeneic HSCT recipients remained unclear. Our study longitudinally evaluated humoral and cellular responses to the BNT162b2 vaccine in adult allogeneic HSCT patients. A positive response was defined as antibody titers ≥ 150 AU/mL post-second vaccination. Among 77 included patients, 51 (66.2%) responded to vaccination. Response-associated factors were female gender, recent anti-CD20 therapy, and a longer interval between transplant and vaccination. Response rates reached 83.7% in patients vaccinated >12 months post-transplant. At 6 months post-second vaccination, antibody titers dropped, but were significantly increased with the booster dose. Moreover, 43% (6/14) of non-responders to the second vaccination acquired sufficient antibody titers after booster administration, resulting in an overall response rate of 79.5% for the entire cohort. The BNT162b2 vaccine was effective in allogeneic transplant recipients. Although antibody titers decreased with time, the third vaccination led to their significant elevation, with 93% of third-dose responders maintaining titers above 150 AU/mL at 3 months post-administration.
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8
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Regev-Yochay G, Lustig Y, Joseph G, Gilboa M, Barda N, Gens I, Indenbaum V, Halpern O, Katz-Likvornik S, Levin T, Kanaaneh Y, Asraf K, Amit S, Rubin C, Ziv A, Koren R, Mandelboim M, Tokayer NH, Meltzer L, Doolman R, Mendelson E, Alroy-Preis S, Kreiss Y. Correlates of protection against COVID-19 infection and intensity of symptomatic disease in vaccinated individuals exposed to SARS-CoV-2 in households in Israel (ICoFS): a prospective cohort study. THE LANCET. MICROBE 2023; 4:e309-e318. [PMID: 36963419 PMCID: PMC10030121 DOI: 10.1016/s2666-5247(23)00012-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Identifying COVID-19 correlates of protection and immunity thresholds is important for policy makers and vaccine development. We aimed to identify correlates of protection of BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) vaccination against COVID-19. METHODS In this prospective cohort study, households within a radius of 40 km of the Sheba Medical Center in Israel in which a new SARS-CoV-2 infection (defined as the index case) was detected within the previous 24 h were approached between July 25 and Nov 15, 2021. We included adults (aged >18 years) who had received one or two vaccine doses, had an initial negative SARS-CoV-2 PCR and no previous infection reported, and had a valid IgG and neutralising antibody result. The exposure of interest was baseline immune status, including IgG antibody concentration, neutralising antibody titre, and T-cell activation. The outcomes of interest were PCR-positive SARS-CoV-2 infection between day 2 and day 21 of follow-up and intensity of disease symptoms (self-reported via a telephone questionnaire) among participants who had a confirmed infection. Multivariable logistic and ordered logit ordinal regressions were used for the adjusted analysis. To identify immunological thresholds for clinical protection, we estimated the conditional probability of infection and moderate or severe disease for individuals with pre-exposure IgG and neutralising antibody concentrations above each value observed in the study data. FINDINGS From 16 675 detected index cases in the study region, 5718 household members agreed to participate, 1461 of whom were eligible to be included in our study. 333 (22·8%) of 1461 household members who were not infected with SARS-CoV-2 at baseline were infected within 21 days of follow-up. The baseline (pre-exposure) IgG and neutralising antibodies were higher in participants who remained uninfected than in those who became infected (geometric mean IgG antibody concentration 168·2 binding antibody units [BAU] per mL [95% CI 158·3-178·7] vs 130·5 BAU/mL [118·3-143·8] and geometric mean neutralising antibody titre 197·5 [181·9-214·4] vs 136 ·7 [120·3-155·4]). Increasing IgG and neutralising antibody concentrations were also significantly associated with a reduced probability of increasing disease severity. Odds of infection were significantly reduced each time baseline IgG antibody concentration increased by a factor of ten (odds ratio [OR] 0·43 [95% CI 0·26-0·70]) and each time baseline neutralising antibody titre increased by a factor of two (0·82 [0·74-0·92]). In our cohort, the probability of infection if IgG antibody concentrations were higher than 500 BAU/mL was 11% and the probability of moderate disease severity was 1%; the probability of infection if neutralising antibody titres were above or equal to 1024 was 8% and the probability of moderate disease severity was 2%. T-cell activation rates were not significantly associated with reduced probability of infection (OR 1·04, 95% CI 0·83-1·30). INTERPRETATION Both IgG and neutralising antibodies are correlates of protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection. Our data suggest that IgG concentrations higher than 500 BAU/mL and neutralising antibody titres of 1024 or more are thresholds for immunological protection from SARS-CoV-2 delta variant infection. Potentially, updated protective thresholds against emerging variants of concern could be calculated, which could support decision makers on administration of new vaccination strategies and on the optimal period between vaccine doses. FUNDING Israeli Ministry of Health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gili Regev-Yochay
- Infection Prevention & Control Unit, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel; Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | - Yaniv Lustig
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Central Virology Laboratory, Public Health Services, Ministry of Health, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Gili Joseph
- Infection Prevention & Control Unit, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Mayan Gilboa
- Infection Prevention & Control Unit, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel; Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Noam Barda
- ARC Innovation Center, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel; Department of Software and Information Systems Engineering, and Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Community Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva, Israel
| | - Ilana Gens
- Public Health Services, Israeli Ministry of Health, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Victoria Indenbaum
- Central Virology Laboratory, Public Health Services, Ministry of Health, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Osnat Halpern
- Central Virology Laboratory, Public Health Services, Ministry of Health, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Shiri Katz-Likvornik
- Central Virology Laboratory, Public Health Services, Ministry of Health, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Tal Levin
- Central Virology Laboratory, Public Health Services, Ministry of Health, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Yara Kanaaneh
- Central Virology Laboratory, Public Health Services, Ministry of Health, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Keren Asraf
- The Dworman Automated-Mega Laboratory, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Sharon Amit
- Clinical Microbiology, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel; Clinical Microbiology, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Carmit Rubin
- Infection Prevention & Control Unit, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Arnona Ziv
- Data Management Unit, Gerner Institute, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Ravit Koren
- Central Virology Laboratory, Public Health Services, Ministry of Health, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Michal Mandelboim
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Central Virology Laboratory, Public Health Services, Ministry of Health, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Noam H Tokayer
- Infection Prevention & Control Unit, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Lilac Meltzer
- Infection Prevention & Control Unit, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Ram Doolman
- Data Management Unit, Gerner Institute, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Ella Mendelson
- Central Virology Laboratory, Public Health Services, Ministry of Health, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | | | - Yitshak Kreiss
- General Management, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel; Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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9
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Davidov Y, Indenbaum V, Mandelboim M, Asraf K, Gonen T, Tsaraf K, Cohen-Ezra O, Likhter M, Nemet I, Kliker L, Mor O, Doolman R, Cohen C, Afek A, Kreiss Y, Regev-Yochay G, Lustig Y, Ben-Ari Z. Reduced Neutralization Efficacy against Omicron Variant after Third Boost of BNT162b2 Vaccine among Liver Transplant Recipients. Viruses 2023; 15:253. [PMID: 36680292 PMCID: PMC9863606 DOI: 10.3390/v15010253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The immune responses of liver transplant (LT) recipients after the third boost of the BNT162b2mRNA vaccine improved. This study evaluates the durability of the immune response of LT recipients after the third boost, its predictors, and the impact of emerging variants. The receptor-binding domain IgG was determined at median times of 22 (first test) and 133 days (second test) after the administration of the third boost. IgG antibody titers > 21.4 BAU/mL were defined as a positive response. The neutralization efficacies of the vaccine against the wild-type, Omicron, and Delta variants were compared in the first test. The 59 LT recipients were of a median age of 61 years (range 25−82); 53.5% were male. Following administration of the third dose, the positive immune response decreased from 81.4% to 76.3% between the first and second tests, respectively, (p < 0.0001). The multivariate analysis identified CNI monotherapy (p = 0.02) and hemoglobin > 12 g/dL (p = 0.02) as independent predictors of a maintained positive immune response 133 days after the third dose. The geometric mean titers of Omicron neutralization were significantly lower than the wild-type and Delta virus (21, 137, 128, respectively; p < 0.0001). The immune response after the third BNT162b2mRNA vaccine dose decreased significantly in LT recipients. Further studies are required to evaluate the efficacy of the fourth vaccine dose and the durability of the immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yana Davidov
- Liver Diseases Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Tel Aviv 52621, Israel
| | - Victoria Indenbaum
- Central Virology Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Tel-Hashomer, Tel Aviv 52621, Israel
| | - Michal Mandelboim
- Central Virology Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Tel-Hashomer, Tel Aviv 52621, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 52621, Israel
| | - Keren Asraf
- The Dworman Automated Mega Laboratory, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Tel Aviv 52621, Israel
| | - Tal Gonen
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 52621, Israel
- Infection Prevention & Control Unit, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Tel Aviv 52621, Israel
| | - Keren Tsaraf
- Liver Diseases Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Tel Aviv 52621, Israel
| | - Oranit Cohen-Ezra
- Liver Diseases Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Tel Aviv 52621, Israel
| | - Mariya Likhter
- Liver Diseases Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Tel Aviv 52621, Israel
| | - Ital Nemet
- Central Virology Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Tel-Hashomer, Tel Aviv 52621, Israel
| | - Limor Kliker
- Central Virology Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Tel-Hashomer, Tel Aviv 52621, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 52621, Israel
| | - Orna Mor
- Central Virology Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Tel-Hashomer, Tel Aviv 52621, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 52621, Israel
| | - Ram Doolman
- The Dworman Automated Mega Laboratory, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Tel Aviv 52621, Israel
| | - Carmit Cohen
- Infection Prevention & Control Unit, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Tel Aviv 52621, Israel
| | - Arnon Afek
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 52621, Israel
- General Management, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Tel Aviv 52621, Israel
| | - Yitshak Kreiss
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 52621, Israel
- General Management, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Tel Aviv 52621, Israel
| | - Gili Regev-Yochay
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 52621, Israel
- Infection Prevention & Control Unit, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Tel Aviv 52621, Israel
| | - Yaniv Lustig
- Central Virology Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Tel-Hashomer, Tel Aviv 52621, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 52621, Israel
| | - Ziv Ben-Ari
- Liver Diseases Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Tel Aviv 52621, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 52621, Israel
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10
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Tanaka H, Mukai J, Kushibiki K, Mizushima S, Maeda K, Fujimoto Y, Sawada R, Oda M, Okuda H, Yamaki M, Hashiguchi S, Kawai I, Kawaguchi I, Masuda N, Matsushita H. Effect of the third dose of BNT162b2 COVID-19 mRNA vaccine on anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels in healthcare workers. Vaccine 2023; 41:365-371. [PMID: 36460533 PMCID: PMC9684125 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.11.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Administration of three doses of Pfizer-BioNTech BNT162b2 COVID-19 mRNA vaccine was completed in Japan in the spring of 2022. This study aimed to evaluate the antibody responses, and kinetics of three doses of vaccine in healthcare workers (HCWs). PATIENTS AND METHODS We conducted a longitudinal cohort study with HCWs, who had no history of COVID-19 or serologic evidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection, from a single hospital. Immunoglobulin G (IgG) titers of anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (SP) and nucleocapsid protein (NP) titers were measured using an automated chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay system. RESULTS A total of 636 HCWs participated in the study. The anti-SP IgG titers decreased slowly after the second dose of the BNT162b2 vaccine in all participants, and robust antibody response was observed after the third dose of the vaccine. The peak anti-SP IgG titer after the third dose was approximately 4.1-fold higher than that after the first and second doses, and the rate of decrease in the anti-SP IgG titer after the third dose was significantly more gradual, than that after the second dose. After the second dose of vaccine, the antibody response was weaker in older participants than in younger participants, and in males than in females respectively, whereas the response to the third dose of vaccine did not differ significantly by sex or age. Adverse events following immunization were generally mild to moderate. CONCLUSION The third dose of the BNT162b2 vaccine induced a significant and sustained increase in anti-SP IgG titers, and was generally safe and well-tolerated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidenori Tanaka
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Izumi City General Hospital, 4-5-1 Wakecho, Izumi, Osaka 594-0073, Japan
| | - Junji Mukai
- Department of Pharmacy, Izumi City General Hospital, 4-5-1 Wakecho, Izumi, Osaka 594-0073, Japan
| | - Kenichi Kushibiki
- General Affairs Division, Izumi City General Hospital, 4-5-1 Wakecho, Izumi, Osaka 594-0073, Japan
| | - Sayuri Mizushima
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Izumi City General Hospital, 4-5-1 Wakecho, Izumi, Osaka 594-0073, Japan
| | - Kyoko Maeda
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Izumi City General Hospital, 4-5-1 Wakecho, Izumi, Osaka 594-0073, Japan
| | - Yuko Fujimoto
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Izumi City General Hospital, 4-5-1 Wakecho, Izumi, Osaka 594-0073, Japan
| | - Ryugo Sawada
- Department of Surgery, Izumi City General Hospital, 4-5-1 Wakecho, Izumi, Osaka 594-0073, Japan,Infection Control Room, Izumi City General Hospital, 4-5-1 Wakecho, Izumi, Osaka 594-0073, Japan
| | - Manabu Oda
- Infection Control Room, Izumi City General Hospital, 4-5-1 Wakecho, Izumi, Osaka 594-0073, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Okuda
- Department of Pharmacy, Izumi City General Hospital, 4-5-1 Wakecho, Izumi, Osaka 594-0073, Japan
| | - Mayumi Yamaki
- Medical Affairs Division, Izumi City General Hospital, 4-5-1 Wakecho, Izumi, Osaka 594-0073, Japan
| | - Shin Hashiguchi
- Clinical Research Center, Izumi City General Hospital, 4-5-1 Wakecho, Izumi, Osaka 594-0073, Japan
| | - Ichiro Kawai
- Clinical Research Center, Izumi City General Hospital, 4-5-1 Wakecho, Izumi, Osaka 594-0073, Japan
| | - Izumi Kawaguchi
- Department of Nursing, Izumi City General Hospital, 4-5-1 Wakecho, Izumi, Osaka 594-0073, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Masuda
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Izumi City General Hospital, 4-5-1 Wakecho, Izumi, Osaka 594-0073, Japan; Clinical Research Center, Izumi City General Hospital, 4-5-1 Wakecho, Izumi, Osaka 594-0073, Japan.
| | - Haruhiko Matsushita
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Izumi City General Hospital, 4-5-1 Wakecho, Izumi, Osaka 594-0073, Japan
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11
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Canetti M, Barda N, Gilboa M, Indenbaum V, Mandelboim M, Gonen T, Asraf K, Weiss-Ottolenghi Y, Amit S, Doolman R, Mendelson E, Harats D, Freedman LS, Kreiss Y, Lustig Y, Regev-Yochay G. Immunogenicity and efficacy of fourth BNT162b2 and mRNA1273 COVID-19 vaccine doses; three months follow-up. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7711. [PMID: 36513665 PMCID: PMC9745767 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35480-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Booster doses for the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic are under consideration in many countries. We report a three-month follow-up of 700 participants in a fourth vaccine dose study, comparing BNT162b2 and mRNA1273, administered four months after a third BNT162b2 dose. The primary outcomes are the levels of IgG, neutralizing antibodies, and microneutralization and the secondary outcomes are the levels of IgA and T cell activation, and clinical outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 infection and substantial symptomatic disease. Waning of the immune response is evident during follow-up, with an 11% (β = 0.89, 95% CI, 0.88-0.9) and 21% (β = 0.79, 95% CI, 0.76-0.82) multiplicative decay per week of IgG and neutralizing antibodies, respectively, in the mRNA1273 group, and of 14% (β = 0.86, 95% CI, 0.86-0.87) and 26% (β = 0.74, 95% CI, 0.72-0.76), respectively, in the BNT162b2 group. Direct neutralization of Omicron variants is low relative to ancestral strains. Cumulatively over the study period, both vaccines show little efficacy against infection but were highly efficacious against substantial symptomatic disease [89% [(IRR 0.11, 95% CI, 0.02-0.37) and 71% (IRR 0.29, 95% CI, 0.13-0.57) for mRNA1273 and BNT162b2, respectively]. These results are informative for further boosting policy-making. Trial registration numbers (clinicaltrials.gov): NCT05231005 and NCT05230953.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Canetti
- The Infection Prevention & Control Unit, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Noam Barda
- ARC Innovation Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Software and Information Systems Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva, Israel
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mayan Gilboa
- The Infection Prevention & Control Unit, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Victoria Indenbaum
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Central Virology Laboratory, Public Health Services, Ministry of Health, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Michal Mandelboim
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Central Virology Laboratory, Public Health Services, Ministry of Health, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Tal Gonen
- The Infection Prevention & Control Unit, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Keren Asraf
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- The Dworman Automated-Mega Laboratory, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Yael Weiss-Ottolenghi
- The Infection Prevention & Control Unit, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Sharon Amit
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Clinical Microbiology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Ram Doolman
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- The Dworman Automated-Mega Laboratory, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Ella Mendelson
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Central Virology Laboratory, Public Health Services, Ministry of Health, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Dror Harats
- General Management, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Laurence S Freedman
- Biostatistics and Biomathematics Unit, Gertner Institute of Epidemiology and Health Policy Research, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Yitshak Kreiss
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- General Management, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Yaniv Lustig
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Central Virology Laboratory, Public Health Services, Ministry of Health, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Gili Regev-Yochay
- The Infection Prevention & Control Unit, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel.
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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12
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Toussia-Cohen S, Nir O, Peretz-Machluf R, Bookstein-Peretz S, Segal O, Asraf K, Doolman R, Regev-Yochay G, Yinon Y. Maternal and Neonatal Immune Responses Following COVID-19 Infection and Vaccinations in Pregnancy. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10122019. [PMID: 36560429 PMCID: PMC9782019 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10122019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of the study was to compare the maternal and neonatal humoral immune responses among different groups of women, namely those vaccinated by the BNT162b2 vaccine, not vaccinated, and COVID-19-recovered parturient women at the time of delivery. This is a prospective cohort study of pregnant women, divided into four groups: Group A "Recovered"-recovered and not vaccinated. Group B "Second Vaccination"-first and second doses only. Group C "Third Vaccination"-third dose. Group D "No Third Vaccination"-women eligible for the third dose of the vaccine but did not receive it. Maternal and umbilical cord blood were sampled and tested for SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies on admittance to labor and immediately postpartum, respectively. Maternal serum SARS-CoV-2 IgG levels were significantly higher among Group C compared to Group B (741.6 (514.5-1069) vs. 333.5 (327-340.2), respectively). Both groups had higher antibody levels compared to Groups A and D (113.5 (61.62-209.1) and 57.99 (32.93-102.1), respectively). Similarly, umbilical cord blood SARS-CoV-2 IgG levels were also highest among Group C compared to the other three groups (1269 (953.4-1690) vs. Group B, 322.6 (305.6-340.5), Group A, 109 (49.01-242.6), and Group D, 103.9 (48.59-222), respectively). In conclusion, pregnant women who were fully vaccinated with three dosages before delivery generated the highest levels of maternal and neonatal SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shlomi Toussia-Cohen
- The Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat-Gan 52621, Israel
- The Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +972-546-308521
| | - Omer Nir
- The Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat-Gan 52621, Israel
- The Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Ravit Peretz-Machluf
- The Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat-Gan 52621, Israel
- The Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Shiran Bookstein-Peretz
- The Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat-Gan 52621, Israel
- The Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Omri Segal
- The Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat-Gan 52621, Israel
- The Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Keren Asraf
- The Dworman Automated-Mega Laboratory, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat-Gan 52621, Israel
| | - Ram Doolman
- The Dworman Automated-Mega Laboratory, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat-Gan 52621, Israel
| | - Gili Regev-Yochay
- The Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel
- Infection Prevention & Control Unit, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat-Gan 52621, Israel
| | - Yoav Yinon
- The Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat-Gan 52621, Israel
- The Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel
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13
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Grassi T, Lobreglio G, Panico A, Rosato C, Zizza A, Lazzari R, Chicone M, Indino F, Bagordo F. Kinetics of Humoral Immunity against SARS-CoV-2 in Healthcare Workers after the Third Dose of BNT162b2 mRNA Vaccine. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10111948. [PMID: 36423043 PMCID: PMC9696835 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10111948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Protection provided by COVID-19 vaccines is compromised due to waning immunity over time. This study aimed to assess the level of antibodies anti-S-RBD of SARS-CoV-2 in a cohort of healthcare workers before and, on average, one and four months after the third dose of the BNT162b2 vaccine. The determination of antibodies was carried out in serum samples using an electrochemiluminescence immunoassay (ECLIA). All 34 participants (10 males, 24 females, 19 participants <50 years old, 15 participants ≥50 years old) showed a significant antibody level increase after the booster dose. Subsequently, a significant decrease in the antibody concentration was observed, with a reduction of about 60% after 150 days from the booster. Six subjects were infected by SARS-CoV-2 after the booster and showed a significantly higher antibody concentration on average four months after the third dose compared to naïve ones. Male and female participants had a similar trend in the antibody decline, while older subjects, compared to the younger ones, had a slightly slower decrease, even if they developed a lower level of antibodies after the third dose. These findings support the importance of the booster dose and underline the need for surveillance programs to better understand the antibody kinetics and optimize vaccination strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Grassi
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Technology, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Giambattista Lobreglio
- Clinical Pathology and Microbiology Unit, Vito Fazzi General Hospital, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Alessandra Panico
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Technology, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.P.); (A.Z.)
| | - Chiara Rosato
- Clinical Pathology and Microbiology Unit, Vito Fazzi General Hospital, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Antonella Zizza
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, 73100 Lecce, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.P.); (A.Z.)
| | - Roberta Lazzari
- Clinical Pathology and Microbiology Unit, Vito Fazzi General Hospital, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Michele Chicone
- Clinical Pathology and Microbiology Unit, Vito Fazzi General Hospital, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Floriano Indino
- Clinical Pathology and Microbiology Unit, Vito Fazzi General Hospital, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Francesco Bagordo
- Department of Pharmacy—Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70121 Bari, Italy
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14
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Differential Kinetics of Effector and Memory Responses Induced by Three Doses of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccine in a Cohort of Healthcare Workers. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10111809. [DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10111809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We reported the long-term kinetics of immune response after vaccination and evaluated the immunogenicity after a third dose of mRNA vaccine in 86 healthcare workers. Humoral response was analyzed by measuring anti-spike IgG and SARS-CoV-2 NTAbs titer; cell-mediated response was measured as frequency of IFN-γ producing T-cells and cell proliferation. Memory B cells secreting SARS-CoV-2 RBD-IgG were measured by B-spot assay. At three weeks after the third dose (T4), the frequency of subjects showing NT-Abs titer at the upper detection limit (≥640) was significantly higher than that observed at three weeks after the second dose (26/77; 33.7% vs. 9/77; 11.6%; p = 0.0018). Additionally, at T4, all the subjects reached positive levels of T-cell mediated response (median 110 SFU/106 PBMC, IQR 73-231). While the number of IFNγ-producing T-cells decreased between second and third dose administration, the T-cell proliferative response did not decrease but was sustained during the follow-up. Among T-cell subsets, a higher proliferative response was observed in CD4+ than in CD8+ population. Moreover, even if a decline in antibody response was observed between the second and third dose, a sustained persistence of memory B cells was observed. Subsequently, the third dose did not affect the frequency of memory B cells, while it restored or increased the peak antibody levels detected after the second dose.
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15
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Mwimanzi F, Lapointe HR, Cheung PK, Sang Y, Yaseen F, Umviligihozo G, Kalikawe R, Datwani S, Omondi FH, Burns L, Young L, Leung V, Agafitei O, Ennis S, Dong W, Basra S, Lim LY, Ng K, Pantophlet R, Brumme CJ, Montaner JSG, Prystajecky N, Lowe CF, DeMarco ML, Holmes DT, Simons J, Niikura M, Romney MG, Brumme ZL, Brockman MA. Older Adults Mount Less Durable Humoral Responses to Two Doses of COVID-19 mRNA Vaccine but Strong Initial Responses to a Third Dose. J Infect Dis 2022; 226:983-994. [PMID: 35543278 PMCID: PMC9129202 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiac199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Third coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine doses are broadly recommended, but immunogenicity data remain limited, particularly in older adults. METHODS We measured circulating antibodies against the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike protein receptor-binding domain, ACE2 displacement, and virus neutralization against ancestral and omicron (BA.1) strains from prevaccine up to 1 month following the third dose, in 151 adults aged 24-98 years who received COVID-19 mRNA vaccines. RESULTS Following 2 vaccine doses, humoral immunity was weaker, less functional, and less durable in older adults, where a higher number of chronic health conditions was a key correlate of weaker responses and poorer durability. One month after the third dose, antibody concentrations and function exceeded post-second-dose levels, and responses in older adults were comparable in magnitude to those in younger adults at this time. Humoral responses against omicron were universally weaker than against the ancestral strain after both the second and third doses. Nevertheless, after 3 doses, anti-omicron responses in older adults reached equivalence to those in younger adults. One month after 3 vaccine doses, the number of chronic health conditions, but not age, was the strongest consistent correlate of weaker humoral responses. CONCLUSIONS Results underscore the immune benefits of third COVID-19 vaccine doses, particularly in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis Mwimanzi
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
| | - Hope R Lapointe
- British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Peter K Cheung
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
- British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Yurou Sang
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
| | - Fatima Yaseen
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
| | | | - Rebecca Kalikawe
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
| | - Sneha Datwani
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
| | - F Harrison Omondi
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
- British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Laura Burns
- Division of Medical Microbiology and Virology, St Paul’s Hospital, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Landon Young
- Division of Medical Microbiology and Virology, St Paul’s Hospital, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Victor Leung
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Olga Agafitei
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
| | - Siobhan Ennis
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
| | - Winnie Dong
- British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Simran Basra
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
| | - Li Yi Lim
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
| | - Kurtis Ng
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
| | - Ralph Pantophlet
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
| | - Chanson J Brumme
- British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Julio S G Montaner
- British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Natalie Prystajecky
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- British Columbia Centre for Disease Control Public Health Laboratory, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Christopher F Lowe
- Division of Medical Microbiology and Virology, St Paul’s Hospital, Vancouver, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Mari L DeMarco
- Division of Medical Microbiology and Virology, St Paul’s Hospital, Vancouver, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Daniel T Holmes
- Division of Medical Microbiology and Virology, St Paul’s Hospital, Vancouver, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Janet Simons
- Division of Medical Microbiology and Virology, St Paul’s Hospital, Vancouver, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Masahiro Niikura
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
| | - Marc G Romney
- Division of Medical Microbiology and Virology, St Paul’s Hospital, Vancouver, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Zabrina L Brumme
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
- British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Mark A Brockman
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
- British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, Canada
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16
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Gilboa M, Regev-Yochay G, Mandelboim M, Indenbaum V, Asraf K, Fluss R, Amit S, Mendelson E, Doolman R, Afek A, Freedman LS, Kreiss Y, Lustig Y. Durability of Immune Response After COVID-19 Booster Vaccination and Association With COVID-19 Omicron Infection. JAMA Netw Open 2022; 5:e2231778. [PMID: 36107426 PMCID: PMC9478782 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.31778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE The BNT162b2 two-dose vaccine (BioNTech/Pfizer) has high effectiveness that wanes within several months. The third dose is effective in mounting a significant immune response, but its durability is unknown. OBJECTIVE To compare antibody waning after second and third doses and estimate the association of antibody kinetics with susceptibility to infection with the Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS In a prospective longitudinal cohort study in a tertiary medical center in Israel, health care workers who received the BNT162b2 vaccine were followed up monthly for IgG and neutralizing antibody levels. Linear mixed models were used to compare antibody titer waning of second and third doses and to assess whether antibody dynamics were associated with Omicron transmission. Avidity, T cell activation, and microneutralization of sera against different variants of concern were assessed for a subgroup. EXPOSURE Vaccination with a booster dose of the BNT162b2 vaccine. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The primary outcome was the rate of antibody titer change over time, and the secondary outcome was SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant infection, as confirmed by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Overall, 4868 health care workers (mean [SD] age, 46.9 [13.7] years; 3558 [73.1%] women) and 3972 health care workers (mean [SD] age, 48.5 [14.1] years; 996 [74.9%] women) were followed up for 5 months after their second and third vaccine doses, respectively. Waning of IgG levels was slower after the third compared with the second dose (1.32%/d [95% CI, 1,29%/d to 1.36%/d] vs 2.26% [95% CI, 2.13%/d 2.38%/d]), as was waning of neutralizing antibody levels (1.32%/d [95% CI, 1.21%/d to 1.43%/d] vs 3.34%/d [95% CI, 3.11%/d to 3.58%/d]). Among 2865 health care workers assessed for Omicron incidence during an additional 2 months of follow-up, lower IgG peak (ratio of means 0.86 [95% CI, 0.80-0.91]) was associated with Omicron infection, and among participants aged 65 years and older, faster waning of IgG and neutralizing antibodies (ratio of mean rates, 1.40; [95% CI, 1.13-1.68] and 3.58 [95% CI, 1.92-6.67], respectively) were associated with Omicron infection. No waning in IgG avidity was observed 112 days after the third dose. Live neutralization of Omicron was lower compared with previous strains, with a geometric mean titer at the peak of 111 (95% CI, 75-166), compared with 942 (95% CI, 585-1518) for WT, 410 (95% CI, 266-634) for Delta; it demonstrated similar waning to 26 (95% CI, 16-42) within 4 months. Among 77 participants tested for T cell activity, mean (SD) T cell activity decreased from 98 (5.4) T cells/106 peripheral blood mononuclear cells to 59 (9.3) T cells/106 peripheral blood mononuclear cells. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE This study found that the third vaccine dose was associated with greater durability than the second dose; however, Omicron was associated with greater resistance to neutralization than wild type and Delta variants of concern. Humoral response dynamics were associated with susceptibility to Omicron infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayan Gilboa
- Infection Prevention and Control Unit, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Gili Regev-Yochay
- Infection Prevention and Control Unit, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Michal Mandelboim
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Central Virology Laboratory, Public Health Services, Ministry of Health, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Victoria Indenbaum
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Central Virology Laboratory, Public Health Services, Ministry of Health, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Keren Asraf
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Dworman Automated-Mega Laboratory, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Ronen Fluss
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Biostatistics and Biomathematics Unit, Gertner Institute of Epidemiology and Health Policy Research, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Sharon Amit
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Clinical Microbiology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Ella Mendelson
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Central Virology Laboratory, Public Health Services, Ministry of Health, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Ram Doolman
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Dworman Automated-Mega Laboratory, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Arnon Afek
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- General Management, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Laurence S. Freedman
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Biostatistics and Biomathematics Unit, Gertner Institute of Epidemiology and Health Policy Research, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Yitshak Kreiss
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- General Management, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Yaniv Lustig
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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17
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Psaridi L, Maltezou HC, Simonidou S, Lialliou I, Athanasopoulou D, Haila Z, Kyrimi A, Giannopoulou I, Giannousa S, Pseimada M, Christofilea O, Dounias G, Lanitis S, Kremasmenou E. Neutralizing antibody responses in healthcare personnel after three doses of mRNA BNT162b2 vaccine and association with baseline characteristics and past SARS-CoV-2 infection. Vaccine 2022; 40:5752-5756. [PMID: 36008235 PMCID: PMC9388445 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Aim To estimate neutralizing antibody (NAb) immunity against SARS-CoV-2 in 739 healthcare personnel (HCP) vaccinated with three doses of BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine. Methods Serum samples were collected at 3, 6, and 9 months after the second vaccine dose and at 7–55 days after the third dose. Samples were tested for NAbs against SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain. Results The mean inhibition rates at 3, 6, and 9 months after the second dose were 86.33%, 73.38%, and 61.18%, and increased to 95.57% after the booster dose. Younger HCP and HCP with past SARS-CoV-2 infection had higher inhibition rates while there was an inverse correlation between NAb levels and comorbidities or tobacco use (p-values < 0.001). Increased NAb titers were also noticed in women (p-value = 0.033), especially at the end of the 9-month study period. Conclusion NAb levels increased considerably after a booster mRNA vaccine dose. Host factors and past SARS-CoV-2 infection influence NAb titers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loukia Psaridi
- Department of Immunology, Red Cross General Hospital of Athens, Greece
| | - Helena C Maltezou
- Directorate of Research, Studies, and Documentation, National Public Health Organization, Athens, Greece.
| | - Sofia Simonidou
- Department of Immunology, Red Cross General Hospital of Athens, Greece
| | - Ioanna Lialliou
- Department of Immunology, Red Cross General Hospital of Athens, Greece
| | | | - Zoi Haila
- Department of Immunology, Red Cross General Hospital of Athens, Greece
| | - Areti Kyrimi
- Department of Immunology, Red Cross General Hospital of Athens, Greece
| | | | | | - Maria Pseimada
- Department of Immunology, Red Cross General Hospital of Athens, Greece
| | | | - George Dounias
- Department of Public Health Policies, School of Public Health, University of West Attica, Athens, Greece
| | - Sophocles Lanitis
- 2(nd) Surgical Department and Unit of Surgical Oncology, Red Cross General Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece
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18
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Toussia-Cohen S, Yinon Y, Peretz-Machluf R, Segal O, Regev N, Asraf K, Doolman R, Kubani Y, Gonen T, Regev-Yochay G, Bookstein Peretz S. Early Adverse Events and Immune Response Following Second and Third COVID-19 Vaccination in Pregnancy. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11164720. [PMID: 36012958 PMCID: PMC9409660 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11164720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: The adverse-effect profile and short-term obstetric and neonatal outcomes among pregnant women who were vaccinated with the BNT162b2 vaccine at any stage of pregnancy do not indicate any safety concerns. The vaccine is effective in generating a humoral immune response in pregnant women. (2) Objective: To determine the vaccine-induced immunity and adverse events associated with the third (booster) dose of the BNT162b2 vaccine compared to the first and second dose of the vaccine among pregnant women. (3) Study design: A prospective cohort study in a tertiary referral center comparing pregnant women who were vaccinated by the first and second dose of the BNT162b2 (Pfizer/BioNTech) vaccine to pregnant women vaccinated by a third (booster) dose, between January and November 2021. A digital questionnaire regarding adverse events was filled by both groups 2−4 weeks after vaccination. Blood samples were collected and tested for SARS-COV-2 IgG antibodies 28−32 days after the administration of the second or third BNT162b2 dose. (4) Results: Seventy-eight pregnant women who received the first and second doses of the vaccine were compared to eighty-four pregnant women who received the third dose of the vaccine. In terms of adverse events following vaccination, local rash/pain/swelling (93.6% vs. 72.6%, p < 0.001) was significantly less common after the third vaccination compared to after the second vaccination. Other adverse events, including early obstetric complications, did not differ between the two groups. SARS-CoV-2 IgG serum levels 28−32 days after the vaccination were significantly higher after the third vaccination compared to the second vaccination (1333.75 vs. 2177.93, respectively, p < 0.001). (5) Conclusion: This study confirms the safety regarding early adverse events and immunogenicity, and the lack of early obstetric complications of the BNT162b2 second- and third-dose vaccine in pregnant women. The third (booster) dose is effective in generating a stronger humoral immune response in pregnant women compared with the second dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shlomi Toussia-Cohen
- The Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat-Gan 52621, Israel
- The Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Yoav Yinon
- The Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat-Gan 52621, Israel
- The Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel
- Correspondence:
| | - Ravit Peretz-Machluf
- The Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat-Gan 52621, Israel
- The Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Omri Segal
- The Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat-Gan 52621, Israel
- The Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Noam Regev
- The Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat-Gan 52621, Israel
- The Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Keren Asraf
- The Dworman Automated-Mega Laboratory, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat-Gan 52621, Israel
| | - Ram Doolman
- The Dworman Automated-Mega Laboratory, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat-Gan 52621, Israel
| | - Yonatan Kubani
- The Dworman Automated-Mega Laboratory, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat-Gan 52621, Israel
| | - Tal Gonen
- Infection Prevention & Control Unit, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat-Gan 52621, Israel
| | - Gili Regev-Yochay
- The Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel
- Infection Prevention & Control Unit, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat-Gan 52621, Israel
| | - Shiran Bookstein Peretz
- The Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat-Gan 52621, Israel
- The Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel
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19
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Chong Y, Goto T, Tani N, Yonekawa A, Ikematsu H, Shimono N, Tanaka Y, Akashi K. Pronounced antibody elevation after SARS-CoV-2 BNT162b2 mRNA booster vaccination in nursing home residents. Influenza Other Respir Viruses 2022; 16:1066-1071. [PMID: 35962568 PMCID: PMC9530588 DOI: 10.1111/irv.13030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Infection control during COVID‐19 outbreaks in nursing facilities is a critical public health issue. Antibody responses before and after the third (booster) dose of SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccination in nursing home residents have not been fully characterized. Methods This study included 117 individuals: 54 nursing home residents (mean age, 83.8 years; 39 SARS‐CoV‐2‐naive and 15 previously infected) and 63 healthcare workers (mean age, 45.8 years; 32 SARS‐CoV‐2‐naive and 31 previously infected). Anti‐spike (receptor‐binding domain [RBD]) and anti‐nucleocapsid antibody responses to BNT162b2 mRNA vaccination and their related factors were evaluated using pre‐ (shortly and 6 months after the second dose) and post‐booster vaccination samples. Results The median anti‐spike (RBD) IgG level in SARS‐CoV‐2‐naive residents 6 months after the second dose was the lowest among the four groups, with a decreasing rate of over 90%. The median rate of increase before and after the third dose in SARS‐CoV‐2‐naive residents was significantly higher than that in SARS‐CoV‐2‐naive healthcare workers (64.1‐ vs. 37.0‐fold, P = 0.003), with the highest level among the groups. The IgG ratio of SARS‐CoV‐2‐naive residents to healthcare workers after the second and third doses changed from one‐fifth (20%) to one‐half (50%). The rate of increase after the third dose in previously infected individuals was three‐ to fourfold, regardless of residents or healthcare workers. Conclusions Advanced aged nursing home residents, poor responders in the initial SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccine series, could obtain sufficient antibody responses with the additional booster dose, despite more than 6 months after the second.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Chong
- Medicine and Biosystemic Science, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences (The First Department of Internal Medicine), Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takeyuki Goto
- Medicine and Biosystemic Science, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences (The First Department of Internal Medicine), Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Naoki Tani
- Medicine and Biosystemic Science, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences (The First Department of Internal Medicine), Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Akiko Yonekawa
- Medicine and Biosystemic Science, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences (The First Department of Internal Medicine), Fukuoka, Japan
| | | | - Nobuyuki Shimono
- Center for the Study of Global Infection, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yosuke Tanaka
- Medical Corporation SOUSEIKAI, Kanenokuma Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Koichi Akashi
- Medicine and Biosystemic Science, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences (The First Department of Internal Medicine), Fukuoka, Japan
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20
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Cheng H, Peng Z, Si S, Alifu X, Zhou H, Chi P, Zhuang Y, Mo M, Yu Y. Neutralization Activity against SARS-CoV-2 Variants after Booster Vaccination in Populations without COVID-19: A Meta-Analysis. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10071101. [PMID: 35891263 PMCID: PMC9322873 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10071101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
A number of SARS-CoV-2 variants that have evolved to have significant immune escape have emerged worldwide since the COVID-19 outbreak. The efficacy of prime vaccination is waning with the evolution of SARS-CoV-2, and the necessity of booster doses is more and more prominent. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the neutralization activity against the wild type and variants (Beta, Delta, and Omicron) in different prime–boost vaccination regimens. Electronic databases including PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Embase, medRxiv, Wanfang and CNKI were used to retrieve original studies. A total of 16 studies, 9 prime–boost vaccination regimes, and 3134 subjects were included in the meta-analysis and random effect models were used to estimate pooled neutralization titers. The neutralization activity against SARS-CoV-2 showed a significant decline with the evolution of the virus, especially in the populations primed with inactivated vaccines. For homologous immunization, only the populations boosted with mRNA vaccines consistently had a significant rise in neutralization titers (Beta: MD = 0.97; Delta: MD = 1.33; Omicron: MD = 0.74). While the heterologous immunization was more effective, the increment of neutralization titers against wild type, Beta, Delta and Omicron was 1.65 (95% CI: 1.32–1.96), 1.03 (95% CI: 0.53–1.54), 1.46 (95% CI: 1.07–1.85) and 1.15 (95% CI: 0.68–1.61), respectively. With the evolution of SARS-CoV-2, the effectiveness of prime immunization is waning. Although the administration of the booster dose could ameliorate the neutralization titers, homologous immunization regimens were gradually losing their effectiveness. Therefore, a heterologous booster dose is required, especially in populations primed with inactivated vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyue Cheng
- Department of Public Health and Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China; (H.C.); (Z.P.); (S.S.); (X.A.); (H.Z.); (P.C.); (Y.Z.); (M.M.)
- Department of Epidemiology & Health Statistics, School of Public Health and Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhicheng Peng
- Department of Public Health and Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China; (H.C.); (Z.P.); (S.S.); (X.A.); (H.Z.); (P.C.); (Y.Z.); (M.M.)
- Department of Epidemiology & Health Statistics, School of Public Health and Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Shuting Si
- Department of Public Health and Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China; (H.C.); (Z.P.); (S.S.); (X.A.); (H.Z.); (P.C.); (Y.Z.); (M.M.)
- Department of Epidemiology & Health Statistics, School of Public Health and Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xialidan Alifu
- Department of Public Health and Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China; (H.C.); (Z.P.); (S.S.); (X.A.); (H.Z.); (P.C.); (Y.Z.); (M.M.)
- Department of Epidemiology & Health Statistics, School of Public Health and Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Haibo Zhou
- Department of Public Health and Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China; (H.C.); (Z.P.); (S.S.); (X.A.); (H.Z.); (P.C.); (Y.Z.); (M.M.)
- Department of Epidemiology & Health Statistics, School of Public Health and Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Peihan Chi
- Department of Public Health and Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China; (H.C.); (Z.P.); (S.S.); (X.A.); (H.Z.); (P.C.); (Y.Z.); (M.M.)
- Department of Epidemiology & Health Statistics, School of Public Health and Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yan Zhuang
- Department of Public Health and Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China; (H.C.); (Z.P.); (S.S.); (X.A.); (H.Z.); (P.C.); (Y.Z.); (M.M.)
- Department of Epidemiology & Health Statistics, School of Public Health and Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Minjia Mo
- Department of Public Health and Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China; (H.C.); (Z.P.); (S.S.); (X.A.); (H.Z.); (P.C.); (Y.Z.); (M.M.)
- Department of Epidemiology & Health Statistics, School of Public Health and Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yunxian Yu
- Department of Public Health and Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China; (H.C.); (Z.P.); (S.S.); (X.A.); (H.Z.); (P.C.); (Y.Z.); (M.M.)
- Department of Epidemiology & Health Statistics, School of Public Health and Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Correspondence:
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21
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Tamburro M, Ripabelli G, D’Amico A, De Dona R, Iafigliola M, Parente A, Samprati N, Santagata A, Adesso C, Natale A, Di Palma MA, Cannizzaro F, Sammarco ML. A Cross-Sectional Study of Untoward Reactions Following Homologous and Heterologous COVID-19 Booster Immunizations in Recipients Seventeen Years of Age and Older. J Community Health 2022; 47:814-821. [PMID: 35750980 PMCID: PMC9244372 DOI: 10.1007/s10900-022-01112-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A booster dose after primary COVID-19 vaccination series was considered crucial after the emergence of the B.1.617.2 (Delta) and B.1.1.529 (Omicron) variants. Active surveillance was used to investigate reporting of adverse events post-booster dose of either of the licensed mRNA Comirnaty (Pfizer/BioNTech) or Spikevax (Moderna) vaccines in adult (17 years and older) recipients in central Italy. Eligible participants were enrolled and interviewed via phone using a structured questionnaire. Primary outcomes related to the occurrence of adverse events post-booster were stratified by vaccine, and frequency of local/systemic, mild/moderate/severe events. Of a total of 622 participants interviewed, 554 (89.1%) reported at least one adverse event (88.2% and 92.9% after the Comirnaty or Spikevax vaccine, respectively): 63.4% were female, and 78.5% aged 17 to 64 years, regardless of vaccine. 87.7% and 68.2% of all recipients described at least one local or systemic reaction, respectively: 97.3, 38.6 and 4.7% reported mild, moderate, or severe events, respectively. The most frequent adverse reactions were pain, redness, or swelling at the injection site and fatigue, while malaise and fever significantly occurred after the Comirnaty, and vomiting after the Spikevax booster. Compared to the primary vaccination, lymphadenopathy was more common after the booster (p < 0.001), especially after Comirnaty vaccine. The study findings revealed no serious or unexpected adverse events, and are in agreement with data available on booster dose for both mRNA vaccines. The transient, mild to moderate, and common to very common side reactions reported should be used to reassure potential recipients of the lack of safety concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Tamburro
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “Vincenzo Tiberio”, University of Molise, Via De Sanctis, 86100 Campobasso, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Ripabelli
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “Vincenzo Tiberio”, University of Molise, Via De Sanctis, 86100 Campobasso, Italy
- School of Specialization in Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Antonio D’Amico
- School of Specialization in Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Roberta De Dona
- School of Specialization in Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Mariagrazia Iafigliola
- School of Specialization in Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Albino Parente
- School of Specialization in Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Nicandro Samprati
- School of Specialization in Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Arturo Santagata
- School of Specialization in Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Carmen Adesso
- School of Specialization in Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Anna Natale
- School of Specialization in Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Michela Anna Di Palma
- School of Specialization in Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Fabio Cannizzaro
- School of Specialization in Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Michela Lucia Sammarco
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “Vincenzo Tiberio”, University of Molise, Via De Sanctis, 86100 Campobasso, Italy
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Jahrsdörfer B, Proffen M, Scholz J, Hägele J, Ludwig C, Vieweg C, Grempels A, Fabricius D, Lotfi R, Körper S, Adler G, Schrezenmeier H. BNT162b2 Booster Vaccination Elicits Cross-Reactive Immunity Against SARS-CoV-2 Variants B.1.1.529 and B.1.617.2 in Convalescents of All Ages. Front Immunol 2022; 13:920210. [PMID: 35795665 PMCID: PMC9250979 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.920210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In this prospective observational cohort study we analyzed cellular and serological immune response parameters against SARS-CoV-2 and current variants of concern (VOC) in 147 COVID-19-convalescent and 39 COVID-19-naïve individuals before and after BNT162b2 booster vaccination. No significant differences regarding immunological response parameters were observed between younger and older individuals. Booster vaccination induced full recovery of both cellular and serological response parameters including IFN-γ secretion and anti-spike antibody titers with strong neutralization capacities against wild type SARS-COV-2 and Delta. Surprisingly, even serological neutralization capacity against Omicron was detectable one month after second vaccination and four months before it had been first observed in South Africa. As a result, more than 90% of convalescent individuals exhibited detectable and 75% strong Omicron neutralization capacity after booster vaccination, compared with 72% and 46% of COVID-19-naïve individuals. Our results support the notion that broad and cross-reactive immune memory against SARS-CoV-2 including currently known VOCs can be established by booster vaccination with spike-based mRNA vaccines like BNT162b2, particularly in COVID-19-convalescent individuals of all ages. Nevertheless, especially in COVID-19-naïve individuals future variants escaping the memory immune response may require vaccine approaches such as inactivated whole virus vaccines, which include all antigenic components of the virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernd Jahrsdörfer
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics, German Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service Baden-Württemberg – Hessen and University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
- *Correspondence: Bernd Jahrsdörfer,
| | - Matthias Proffen
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics, German Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service Baden-Württemberg – Hessen and University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Judith Scholz
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics, German Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service Baden-Württemberg – Hessen and University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Janina Hägele
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics, German Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service Baden-Württemberg – Hessen and University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Carolin Ludwig
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics, German Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service Baden-Württemberg – Hessen and University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Christiane Vieweg
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics, German Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service Baden-Württemberg – Hessen and University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Aline Grempels
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics, German Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service Baden-Württemberg – Hessen and University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Dorit Fabricius
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Ramin Lotfi
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics, German Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service Baden-Württemberg – Hessen and University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Sixten Körper
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics, German Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service Baden-Württemberg – Hessen and University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Guido Adler
- Medical Faculty, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Hubert Schrezenmeier
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics, German Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service Baden-Württemberg – Hessen and University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
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23
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Lo Sasso B, Agnello L, Giglio RV, Gambino CM, Ciaccio AM, Vidali M, Ciaccio M. Longitudinal analysis of anti-SARS-CoV-2 S-RBD IgG antibodies before and after the third dose of the BNT162b2 vaccine. Sci Rep 2022; 12:8679. [PMID: 35606426 PMCID: PMC9126106 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-12750-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunosurveillance by evaluating anti-spike protein receptor-binding domain (S-RBD) antibodies represents a useful tool to estimate the long immunity against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome CoronaVirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. The aim of this study was to evaluate the kinetics of antibody response in vaccine recipients. We measured anti-S-RBD IgG levels by indirect chemiluminescence immunoassay on Maglumi 800 (SNIBE, California) in 1013 healthy individuals naïve to SARS-CoV2 infection after two and three COVID-19 vaccine doses. We found that anti-S-RBD IgG levels are higher in females than males. Antibody levels gradually decrease to a steady state after four months since the peak, and the decay is independent of age, sex, vaccine doses, and baseline antibodies titer. The third dose induces a high anti-S-RBD IgG reactivity in individuals with previous high responses and triggers a moderate-high anti-S-RBD IgG reactivity. The assessment of anti-S-RBD IgG levels is essential for monitoring long-term antibody response. A third SARS-CoV-2 vaccine dose is associated with a significant immunological response. Thus, our results support the efficacy of the vaccine programs and the usefulness of the third dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Lo Sasso
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Clinical Molecular Medicine and Clinical Laboratory Medicine, University of Palermo, 90127, Palermo, Italy
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Policlinico "P. Giaccone", 90127, Palermo, Italy
| | - Luisa Agnello
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Clinical Molecular Medicine and Clinical Laboratory Medicine, University of Palermo, 90127, Palermo, Italy
| | - Rosaria Vincenza Giglio
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Clinical Molecular Medicine and Clinical Laboratory Medicine, University of Palermo, 90127, Palermo, Italy
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Policlinico "P. Giaccone", 90127, Palermo, Italy
| | - Caterina Maria Gambino
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Clinical Molecular Medicine and Clinical Laboratory Medicine, University of Palermo, 90127, Palermo, Italy
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Policlinico "P. Giaccone", 90127, Palermo, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Ciaccio
- Unit of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Palermo, 90127, Palermo, Italy
| | - Matteo Vidali
- Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Marcello Ciaccio
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Clinical Molecular Medicine and Clinical Laboratory Medicine, University of Palermo, 90127, Palermo, Italy.
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Policlinico "P. Giaccone", 90127, Palermo, Italy.
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24
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Wang K, Wang L, Li M, Xie B, He L, Wang M, Zhang R, Hou N, Zhang Y, Jia F. Real-Word Effectiveness of Global COVID-19 Vaccines Against SARS-CoV-2 Variants: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:820544. [PMID: 35665358 PMCID: PMC9160927 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.820544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Currently, promoted vaccinations against SARS-CoV-2 are being given out globally. However, the occurrence of numerous COVID-19 variants has hindered the goal of rapid mitigation of the COVID-19 pandemic by effective mass vaccinations. The real-word effectiveness of the current vaccines against COVID-19 variants has not been assessed by published reviews. Therefore, our study evaluated the overall effectiveness of current vaccines and the differences between the various vaccines and variants. Methods PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, medRxiv, bioRxiv, and arXiv were searched to screen the eligible studies. The Newcastle-Ottawa scale and the Egger test were applied to estimate the quality of the literature and any publication bias, respectively. The pooled incident rates of different variants after vaccination were estimated by single-arm analysis. Meanwhile, the pooled efficacies of various vaccines against variants were evaluated by two-arm analysis using odds ratios (ORs) and vaccine effectiveness (VE). Results A total of 6,118 studies were identified initially and 44 articles were included. We found that the overall incidence of variants post first/second vaccine were 0.07 and 0.03, respectively. The VE of the incidence of variants post first vaccine between the vaccine and the placebo or unvaccinated population was 40% and post second vaccine was 96%, respectively. The sub-single-arm analysis showed a low prevalence rate of COVID-19 variants after specific vaccination with the pooled incidence below 0.10 in most subgroups. Meanwhile, the sub-two-arm analysis indicated that most current vaccines had a good or moderate preventive effect on certain variants considering that the VE in these subgroups was between 66 and 95%, which was broadly in line with the results of the sub-single-arm analysis. Conclusion Our meta-analysis shows that the current vaccines that are used globally could prevent COVID-19 infection and restrict the spread of variants to a great extent. We would also support maximizing vaccine uptake with two doses, as the effectiveness of which was more marked compared with one dose. Although the mRNA vaccine was the most effective against variants according to our study, specific vaccines should be taken into account based on the local dominant prevalence of variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zibo Central Hospital, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Zibo, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zibo Central Hospital, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Zibo, China
| | - Mingzhe Li
- Independent Researcher, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Bing Xie
- Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, Zibo Central Hospital, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Zibo, China
| | - Lu He
- Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Meiyu Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The People's Hospital of Zhangdian District, Zibo, China
| | - Rumin Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zibo Central Hospital, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Zibo, China
| | - Nianzong Hou
- Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, Zibo Central Hospital, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Zibo, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, Zibo Central Hospital, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Zibo, China
| | - Fusen Jia
- Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, Zibo Central Hospital, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Zibo, China
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25
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Cheng H, Peng Z, Si S, Alifu X, Zhou H, Chi P, Zhuang Y, Mo M, Yu Y. Immunogenicity and Safety of Homologous and Heterologous Prime-Boost Immunization with COVID-19 Vaccine: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:798. [PMID: 35632554 PMCID: PMC9142990 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10050798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A prime-boost strategy of COVID-19 vaccines brings hope to limit the spread of SARS-CoV-2, while the immunogenicity of the vaccines is waning over time. Whether a booster dose of vaccine is needed has become a widely controversial issue. However, no published meta-analysis has focused on the issue. Therefore, this study assessed the immunogenicity and safety of the different combinations of prime-boost vaccinations. Electronic databases including PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Embase, medRxiv, Wanfang and CNKI were used to retrieve the original studies. A total of 28 studies, 9 combinations of prime-boost vaccinations and 5870 subjects were included in the meta-analysis, and random effect models were used to estimate pooled immunogenicity and safety. The immunity against COVID-19 after the prime vaccination waned over time, especially in the populations primed with inactivated vaccines, in which the seropositive rate of antibodies was only 28% (95% CI: 17-40%). Booster vaccination could significantly increase the antibody responses, and heterologous immunization was more effective than homologous immunization (neutralization titers: 1.65 vs. 1.27; anti-RBD IgG: 1.85 vs. 1.15); in particular, the combination of inactivated-mRNA vaccines had the highest antibody responses (neutralization titers: MRAW = 3.64, 95% CI: 3.54-3.74; anti-RBD IgG: 3.73, 95% CI: 3.59-3.87). Moreover, compared with the initial two doses of vaccines, a booster dose did not induce additional or severe adverse events. The administration of the booster dose effectively recalled specific immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 and increased antibody levels, especially in heterologous immunization. Considering the long-term immunogenicity and vaccine equity, we suggest that now, only individuals primed with inactivated vaccines require a booster dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyue Cheng
- Department of Public Health and Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China; (H.C.); (Z.P.); (S.S.); (X.A.); (H.Z.); (P.C.); (Y.Z.); (M.M.)
- Department of Epidemiology & Health Statistics, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Zhicheng Peng
- Department of Public Health and Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China; (H.C.); (Z.P.); (S.S.); (X.A.); (H.Z.); (P.C.); (Y.Z.); (M.M.)
- Department of Epidemiology & Health Statistics, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Shuting Si
- Department of Public Health and Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China; (H.C.); (Z.P.); (S.S.); (X.A.); (H.Z.); (P.C.); (Y.Z.); (M.M.)
- Department of Epidemiology & Health Statistics, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Xialidan Alifu
- Department of Public Health and Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China; (H.C.); (Z.P.); (S.S.); (X.A.); (H.Z.); (P.C.); (Y.Z.); (M.M.)
- Department of Epidemiology & Health Statistics, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Haibo Zhou
- Department of Public Health and Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China; (H.C.); (Z.P.); (S.S.); (X.A.); (H.Z.); (P.C.); (Y.Z.); (M.M.)
- Department of Epidemiology & Health Statistics, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Peihan Chi
- Department of Public Health and Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China; (H.C.); (Z.P.); (S.S.); (X.A.); (H.Z.); (P.C.); (Y.Z.); (M.M.)
- Department of Epidemiology & Health Statistics, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Yan Zhuang
- Department of Public Health and Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China; (H.C.); (Z.P.); (S.S.); (X.A.); (H.Z.); (P.C.); (Y.Z.); (M.M.)
- Department of Epidemiology & Health Statistics, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Minjia Mo
- Department of Public Health and Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China; (H.C.); (Z.P.); (S.S.); (X.A.); (H.Z.); (P.C.); (Y.Z.); (M.M.)
- Department of Epidemiology & Health Statistics, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Yunxian Yu
- Department of Public Health and Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China; (H.C.); (Z.P.); (S.S.); (X.A.); (H.Z.); (P.C.); (Y.Z.); (M.M.)
- Department of Epidemiology & Health Statistics, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
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26
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Superior immunogenicity and effectiveness of the third compared to the second BNT162b2 vaccine dose. Nat Immunol 2022; 23:940-946. [DOI: 10.1038/s41590-022-01212-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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27
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Clinical and Laboratory Features in the Israeli Population with COVID-19 Infection after Pfizer-BioNTech mRNA Booster Vaccination. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10050636. [PMID: 35632392 PMCID: PMC9145987 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10050636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Immune protection following either vaccination or infection with SARS-CoV-2 decreases over time. Objective: We aim to describe clinical and sociodemographic characteristics associated with COVID-19 infection at least 14 days after booster vaccination in the Israeli population. Methods: We conducted a population-based study among adult members of Leumit Health Services (LHS) in Israel. Nasopharyngeal swabs were examined for SARS-CoV-2 by real-time RT-PCR. The hematological and biochemical parameters in the peripheral blood before booster vaccination were evaluated. Results: Between 1 February 2021 and 30 November 2021, 136,683 individuals in LHS were vaccinated with a booster (third dose) of the BNT162b2 vaccine. Of these, 1171 (0.9%) were diagnosed with COVID-19 by testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR at least >14 days after the booster vaccination. The COVID-19-positive group was characterized by higher rates of chronic kidney disease than the matched COVID-19-negative group (43 (3.7%) vs. 3646 (2.7%); p = 0.039). Anemia, lower peripheral blood lymphocytes, monocytes, basophils, C3 Complement, cholesterol, and prothrombin time were also associated with COVID-19 after booster vaccination. Conclusion: People with chronic kidney disease and anemia should be included in possible future annual SARS-CoV-2 vaccination recommendations.
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Abstract
Neuroimmunological diseases and their treatment compromise the immune system, thereby increasing the risk of infections and serious illness. Consequently, vaccinations to protect against infections are an important part of the clinical management of these diseases. However, the wide variety of immunotherapies that are currently used to treat neuroimmunological disease — particularly multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders — can also impair immunological responses to vaccinations. In this Review, we discuss what is known about the effects of various immunotherapies on immunological responses to vaccines and what these effects mean for the safe and effective use of vaccines in patients with a neuroimmunological disease. The success of vaccination in patients receiving immunotherapy largely depends on the specific mode of action of the immunotherapy. To minimize the risk of infection when using immunotherapy, assessment of immune status and exclusion of underlying chronic infections before initiation of therapy are essential. Selection of the required vaccinations and leaving appropriate time intervals between vaccination and administration of immunotherapy can help to safeguard patients. We also discuss the rapidly evolving knowledge of how immunotherapies affect responses to SARS-CoV-2 vaccines and how these effects should influence the management of patients on these therapies during the COVID-19 pandemic. In this Review, the authors discuss how various immunotherapies for neuroimmunological diseases interact with vaccination responses, including responses to SARS-CoV-2 vaccinations, and the implications for the safe and effective use of vaccines in patients with these diseases. Vaccination against infection is an essential part of the management of neuroimmunological diseases. All indicated vaccinations should be administered before initiation of immunotherapy whenever possible; appropriate intervals between vaccination and treatment vary with treatment and vaccination. Inactivated vaccines are considered safe in neuroimmunological diseases but live vaccines are generally contraindicated during immunotherapy. Vaccination responses during immunotherapy can be diminished or abrogated, depending on the treatment and vaccination; antibody titre testing to monitor responses can be considered where appropriate. Vaccinations must be avoided during relapses or exacerbations of neuroimmunological diseases. Vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 is recommended for patients with neuroimmunological disease but some immunotherapies limit the immune response; therefore, timing should be considered carefully.
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29
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A SARS-CoV-2 Outbreak Among Nursing Home Residents Vaccinated with a Booster Dose of mRNA COVID-19 Vaccine. J Community Health 2022; 47:598-603. [PMID: 35334031 PMCID: PMC8949830 DOI: 10.1007/s10900-022-01082-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
This study describes a SARS-CoV-2 outbreak caused by the Delta (B.1.617.2) variant in a nursing home in Central Italy during October-November 2021. Trained interviewers collected data from residents, staff, and administration officers with an agreed informed consent procedure. Thirty-two (44.5%) out of 72 residents (median age 89 years) and six (26.1%) of 23 healthcare workers were found to be infected with SARS-CoV-2. Infections occurred more often among residents with a higher index of independence in daily living activities, suggesting an increased risk for those with more interactions. Twenty-five infected residents (78.1%) received the booster dose of mRNA anti-COVID-19 vaccine > 7 days before SARS-CoV-2 onset. Half of the infected residents had mild symptoms, and only three required hospitalisation, one of whom died from COVID-19 complications. The study underlines the effectiveness of a booster dose in providing a high protection against severe disease and hospitalisation even among vulnerable individuals infected with the Delta variant of concern.
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30
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Mwimanzi F, Lapointe HR, Cheung PK, Sang Y, Yaseen F, Umviligihozo G, Kalikawe R, Datwani S, Omondi FH, Burns L, Young L, Leung V, Agafitei O, Ennis S, Dong W, Basra S, Lim LY, Ng K, Pantophlet R, Brumme CJ, Montaner JS, Prystajecky N, Lowe CF, DeMarco ML, Holmes DT, Simons J, Niikura M, Romney MG, Brumme ZL, Brockman MA. Older Adults Mount Less Durable Humoral Responses to a Two-dose COVID-19 mRNA Vaccine Regimen, but Strong Initial Responses to a Third Dose. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2022:2022.01.06.22268745. [PMID: 35018381 PMCID: PMC8750654 DOI: 10.1101/2022.01.06.22268745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Third COVID-19 vaccine doses are broadly recommended, but immunogenicity data remain limited, particularly in older adults. METHODS We measured circulating antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein receptor-binding domain, ACE2 displacement, and virus neutralization against ancestral and Omicron (BA.1) strains from pre-vaccine up to one month following the third dose, in 151 adults aged 24-98 years who received COVID-19 mRNA vaccines. RESULTS Following two vaccine doses, humoral immunity was weaker, less functional and less durable in older adults, where a higher number of chronic health conditions was a key correlate of weaker responses and poorer durability. Third doses boosted antibody binding and function to higher levels than second-doses, and induced responses in older adults that were comparable in magnitude to those in younger adults. Humoral responses against Omicron were universally weaker than against the ancestral strain after both second and third doses; nevertheless, after three doses, anti-Omicron responses in older adults reached equivalence to those in younger adults. After three vaccine doses, the number of chronic health conditions, but not age per se, was the strongest consistent correlate of weaker humoral responses. CONCLUSION Results underscore the immune benefits of third COVID-19 vaccine doses, particularly in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Peter K. Cheung
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Canada
- British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Canada
| | - Yurou Sang
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Canada
| | - Fatima Yaseen
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Canada
| | | | | | - Sneha Datwani
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Canada
| | - F. Harrison Omondi
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Canada
- British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Canada
| | - Laura Burns
- Division of Medical Microbiology and Virology, St. Paul’s Hospital, Canada
| | - Landon Young
- Division of Medical Microbiology and Virology, St. Paul’s Hospital, Canada
| | - Victor Leung
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Canada
| | - Olga Agafitei
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Canada
| | - Siobhan Ennis
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Canada
| | - Winnie Dong
- British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Canada
| | - Simran Basra
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Canada
| | - Li Yi Lim
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Canada
| | - Kurtis Ng
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Canada
| | | | - Chanson J. Brumme
- British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Canada
| | - Julio S.G. Montaner
- British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Canada
| | - Natalie Prystajecky
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Canada
- British Columbia Centre for Disease Control Public Health Laboratory, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Christopher F. Lowe
- Division of Medical Microbiology and Virology, St. Paul’s Hospital, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Canada
| | - Mari L. DeMarco
- Division of Medical Microbiology and Virology, St. Paul’s Hospital, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Canada
| | - Daniel T. Holmes
- Division of Medical Microbiology and Virology, St. Paul’s Hospital, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Canada
| | - Janet Simons
- Division of Medical Microbiology and Virology, St. Paul’s Hospital, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Marc G. Romney
- Division of Medical Microbiology and Virology, St. Paul’s Hospital, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Canada
| | - Zabrina L. Brumme
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Canada
- British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Canada
| | - Mark A. Brockman
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Canada
- British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Canada
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