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Okpala OE, Rondevaldova J, Osei-Owusu H, Kudera T, Kokoskova T, Kokoska L. Susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus to Anti-Inflammatory Drugs with a Focus on the Combinatory Effect of Celecoxib with Oxacillin In Vitro. Molecules 2024; 29:3665. [PMID: 39125072 PMCID: PMC11314137 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29153665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2024] [Revised: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Musculoskeletal infections (MIs) are among the most difficult-to-treat staphylococcal diseases due to antibiotic resistance. This has encouraged the development of innovative strategies, such as combination therapy, to combat MI. The aim of this study was to investigate the in vitro antistaphylococcal activity of anti-inflammatory drugs and the combined antimicrobial effect of celecoxib and oxacillin. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 17 anti-inflammatory drugs against standard strains and clinical isolates of S. aureus, including methicillin-resistant strains (MRSAs), were determined using the broth microdilution method. The fractional inhibitory concentration indices (FICIs) were evaluated using checkerboard assays. Celecoxib produced the most potent antistaphylococcal effect against all tested strains (MICs ranging from 32 to 64 mg/L), followed by that of diacerein against MRSA3 and MRSA ATCC 33592 (MIC 64 mg/L). Several synergistic effects were observed against the tested S. aureus strains, including MRSA (FICI ranging from 0.087 to 0.471). The strongest synergistic interaction (FICI 0.087) was against MRSA ATCC 33592 at a celecoxib concentration of 2 mg/L, with a 19-fold oxacillin MIC reduction (from 512 to 26.888 mg/L). This is the first report on the combined antistaphylococcal effect of celecoxib and oxacillin. These findings suggest celecoxib and its combination with oxacillin as perspective agents for research focused on the development of novel therapies for MI caused by S. aureus. This study further indicates that celecoxib could resensitize certain MRSA strains, in some cases, to be susceptible to β-lactams (e.g., oxacillin) that were not previously tested. It is essential to mention that the in vitro concentrations of anti-inflammatory drugs are higher than those typically obtained in patients. Therefore, an alternative option for its administration could be the use of a drug delivery system for the controlled slow release from an implant at the infection site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onyedika Emmanuel Okpala
- Department of Crop Sciences and Agroforestry, Faculty of Tropical AgriSciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamycka 129, Suchdol, 165 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (O.E.O.); (J.R.); (H.O.-O.)
| | - Johana Rondevaldova
- Department of Crop Sciences and Agroforestry, Faculty of Tropical AgriSciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamycka 129, Suchdol, 165 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (O.E.O.); (J.R.); (H.O.-O.)
| | - Hayford Osei-Owusu
- Department of Crop Sciences and Agroforestry, Faculty of Tropical AgriSciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamycka 129, Suchdol, 165 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (O.E.O.); (J.R.); (H.O.-O.)
| | - Tomas Kudera
- Drift-Food Research Centre, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamycka 129, Suchdol, 165 00 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Tersia Kokoskova
- Department of Animal Science and Food Processing, Faculty of Tropical AgriSciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamycka 129, Suchdol, 165 00 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Ladislav Kokoska
- Department of Crop Sciences and Agroforestry, Faculty of Tropical AgriSciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamycka 129, Suchdol, 165 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (O.E.O.); (J.R.); (H.O.-O.)
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Giulieri SG, Guérillot R, Holmes NE, Baines SL, Hachani A, Hayes AS, Daniel DS, Seemann T, Davis JS, Van Hal S, Tong SYC, Stinear TP, Howden BP. A statistical genomics framework to trace bacterial genomic predictors of clinical outcomes in Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113069. [PMID: 37703880 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Outcomes of severe bacterial infections are determined by the interplay between host, pathogen, and treatments. While human genomics has provided insights into host factors impacting Staphylococcus aureus infections, comparatively little is known about S. aureus genotypes and disease severity. Building on the hypothesis that bacterial pathoadaptation is a key outcome driver, we developed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) framework to identify adaptive mutations associated with treatment failure and mortality in S. aureus bacteremia (1,358 episodes). Our research highlights the potential of vancomycin-selected mutations and vancomycin minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) as key explanatory variables to predict infection severity. The contribution of bacterial variation was much lower for clinical outcomes (heritability <5%); however, GWASs allowed us to identify additional, MIC-independent candidate pathogenesis loci. Using supervised machine learning, we were able to quantify the predictive potential of these adaptive signatures. Our statistical genomics framework provides a powerful means to capture adaptive mutations impacting severe bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano G Giulieri
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; Victorian Infectious Disease Service, The Royal Melbourne Hospital at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; Department of Infectious Diseases, Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia.
| | - Romain Guérillot
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Natasha E Holmes
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; Department of Infectious Diseases, Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia
| | - Sarah L Baines
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; Centre for Pathogen Genomics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Abderrahman Hachani
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Ashleigh S Hayes
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Diane S Daniel
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Torsten Seemann
- Centre for Pathogen Genomics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Joshua S Davis
- Department of Infectious Diseases, John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia; Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Casuarina, NT 0810, Australia
| | - Sebastiaan Van Hal
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia; Central Clinical School, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Steven Y C Tong
- Victorian Infectious Disease Service, The Royal Melbourne Hospital at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Timothy P Stinear
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Benjamin P Howden
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; Department of Infectious Diseases, Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia; Centre for Pathogen Genomics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
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3
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Hachani A, Giulieri SG, Guérillot R, Walsh CJ, Herisse M, Soe YM, Baines SL, Thomas DR, Cheung SD, Hayes AS, Cho E, Newton HJ, Pidot S, Massey RC, Howden BP, Stinear TP. A high-throughput cytotoxicity screening platform reveals agr-independent mutations in bacteraemia-associated Staphylococcus aureus that promote intracellular persistence. eLife 2023; 12:e84778. [PMID: 37289634 PMCID: PMC10259494 DOI: 10.7554/elife.84778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus infections are associated with high mortality rates. Often considered an extracellular pathogen, S. aureus can persist and replicate within host cells, evading immune responses, and causing host cell death. Classical methods for assessing S. aureus cytotoxicity are limited by testing culture supernatants and endpoint measurements that do not capture the phenotypic diversity of intracellular bacteria. Using a well-established epithelial cell line model, we have developed a platform called InToxSa (intracellular toxicity of S. aureus) to quantify intracellular cytotoxic S. aureus phenotypes. Studying a panel of 387 S. aureus bacteraemia isolates, and combined with comparative, statistical, and functional genomics, our platform identified mutations in S. aureus clinical isolates that reduced bacterial cytotoxicity and promoted intracellular persistence. In addition to numerous convergent mutations in the Agr quorum sensing system, our approach detected mutations in other loci that also impacted cytotoxicity and intracellular persistence. We discovered that clinical mutations in ausA, encoding the aureusimine non-ribosomal peptide synthetase, reduced S. aureus cytotoxicity, and increased intracellular persistence. InToxSa is a versatile, high-throughput cell-based phenomics platform and we showcase its utility by identifying clinically relevant S. aureus pathoadaptive mutations that promote intracellular residency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abderrahman Hachani
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Doherty Institute, University of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia
| | - Stefano G Giulieri
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Doherty Institute, University of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia
| | - Romain Guérillot
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Doherty Institute, University of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia
| | - Calum J Walsh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Doherty Institute, University of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia
| | - Marion Herisse
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Doherty Institute, University of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia
| | - Ye Mon Soe
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Doherty Institute, University of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia
| | - Sarah L Baines
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Doherty Institute, University of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia
| | - David R Thomas
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Doherty Institute, University of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia
- Infection and Immunity Program, Department of Microbiology and Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash UniversityClaytonAustralia
| | - Shane Doris Cheung
- Biological Optical Microscopy Platform, University of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia
| | - Ashleigh S Hayes
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Doherty Institute, University of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia
| | - Ellie Cho
- Biological Optical Microscopy Platform, University of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia
| | - Hayley J Newton
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Doherty Institute, University of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia
- Infection and Immunity Program, Department of Microbiology and Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash UniversityClaytonAustralia
| | - Sacha Pidot
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Doherty Institute, University of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia
| | - Ruth C Massey
- School of Microbiology, University College CorkCorkIreland
- School of Medicine, University College CorkCorkIreland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College CorkCorkIreland
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
| | - Benjamin P Howden
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Doherty Institute, University of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia
- Microbiological Diagnostic Unit Public Health Laboratory, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Doherty Institute, University of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia
| | - Timothy P Stinear
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Doherty Institute, University of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia
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Ejaz M, Syed MA, Jackson CR, Sharif M, Faryal R. Epidemiology of Staphylococcus aureus Non-Susceptible to Vancomycin in South Asia. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:972. [PMID: 37370291 PMCID: PMC10295507 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12060972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is one of the ESKAPE (Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter species) pathogens among which multidrug resistance has emerged. Resistance to methicillin has resulted in clinicians using the antibiotic of last resort, vancomycin, to treat infections caused by methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). However, excessive use and misuse of vancomycin are major causes of resistance among S. aureus strains. South Asia encompasses ~25% of the world's population, and countries in South Asia are often characterized as low- and middle-income with poor healthcare infrastructure that may contribute to the emergence of antibiotic resistance. Here, we briefly highlight the mechanism of vancomycin resistance, its emergence in S. aureus, and the molecular epidemiology of non-susceptible S. aureus to vancomycin in the South Asian region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ejaz
- Department of Microbiology, Government Postgraduate College Mandian Abbottabad, Abbottabad 22044, Pakistan;
- Department of Microbiology, Qauid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; (M.S.); (R.F.)
| | - Muhammad Ali Syed
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Haripur, Haripur 22620, Pakistan;
| | - Charlene R. Jackson
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. National Poultry Research Center, Poultry Microbiological Safety and Processing Unit, Athens, GA 30605, USA
| | - Mehmoona Sharif
- Department of Microbiology, Qauid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; (M.S.); (R.F.)
| | - Rani Faryal
- Department of Microbiology, Qauid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; (M.S.); (R.F.)
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Parsons JB, Westgeest AC, Conlon BP, Fowler VG. Persistent Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia: Host, Pathogen, and Treatment. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:455. [PMID: 36978320 PMCID: PMC10044482 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12030455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a devastating pathogen responsible for a variety of life-threatening infections. A distinctive characteristic of this pathogen is its ability to persist in the bloodstream for several days despite seemingly appropriate antibiotics. Persistent MRSA bacteremia is common and is associated with poor clinical outcomes. The etiology of persistent MRSA bacteremia is a result of the complex interplay between the host, the pathogen, and the antibiotic used to treat the infection. In this review, we explore the factors related to each component of the host-pathogen interaction and discuss the clinical relevance of each element. Next, we discuss the treatment options and diagnostic approaches for the management of persistent MRSA bacteremia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua B. Parsons
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Annette C. Westgeest
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Brian P. Conlon
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Vance G. Fowler
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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6
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Bastien S, Meyers S, Salgado-Pabón W, Giulieri SG, Rasigade JP, Liesenborghs L, Kinney KJ, Couzon F, Martins-Simoes P, Moing VL, Duval X, Holmes NE, Bruun NE, Skov R, Howden BP, Fowler VG, Verhamme P, Andersen PS, Bouchiat C, Moreau K, Vandenesch F. All Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia-inducing strains can cause infective endocarditis: Results of GWAS and experimental animal studies. J Infect 2023; 86:123-133. [PMID: 36603774 PMCID: PMC10399548 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2022.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We aimed at determining whether specific S. aureus strains cause infective endocarditis (IE) in the course of Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia (SAB). METHODS A genome-wide association study (GWAS) including 924 S. aureus genomes from IE (274) and non-IE (650) SAB patients from international cohorts was conducted, and a subset of strains was tested with two experimental animal models of IE, one investigating the early step of bacterial adhesion to inflamed mice valves, the second evaluating the local and systemic developmental process of IE on mechanically-damaged rabbit valves. RESULTS The genetic profile of S. aureus IE and non-IE SAB strains did not differ when considering single nucleotide polymorphisms, coding sequences, and k-mers analysed in GWAS. In the murine inflammation-induced IE model, no difference was observed between IE and non-IE SAB strains both in terms of adhesion to the cardiac valves and in the propensity to cause IE; in the mechanical IE-induced rabbit model, there was no difference between IE and non-IE SAB strains regarding the vegetation size and CFU. CONCLUSION All strains of S. aureus isolated from SAB patients must be considered as capable of causing this common and lethal infection once they have accessed the bloodstream.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvère Bastien
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Univ Lyon, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, F-69007, Lyon, France
| | - Severien Meyers
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wilmara Salgado-Pabón
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA
| | - Stefano G Giulieri
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Melbourne at the Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity; Victorian Infectious Disease Service, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Infectious Diseases, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Australia
| | - Jean-Phillipe Rasigade
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Univ Lyon, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, F-69007, Lyon, France; Centre National de Référence des Staphylocoques, Institut des Agents Infectieux, Hospices Civils de Lyon, F-69004, Lyon, France
| | - Laurens Liesenborghs
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kyle J Kinney
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Florence Couzon
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Univ Lyon, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, F-69007, Lyon, France
| | - Patricia Martins-Simoes
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Univ Lyon, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, F-69007, Lyon, France; Centre National de Référence des Staphylocoques, Institut des Agents Infectieux, Hospices Civils de Lyon, F-69004, Lyon, France
| | | | - Xavier Duval
- Hôpital Bichat Claude Bernard, AP-HP, Paris, France; Inserm CIC 1425, Inserm UMR-1137 IAME, Cité Paris University, UFR de Médecine-Bichat, Paris, France
| | - Natasha E Holmes
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Australia
| | - Niels Eske Bruun
- Clinical Institute, Copenhagen and Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark; Department of Cardiology, Zealand University Hospital Roskilde, Roskilde, Zealand, Denmark
| | - Robert Skov
- Department of Bacteria, Parasites, and Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Benjamin P Howden
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Melbourne at the Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity; Victorian Infectious Disease Service, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Infectious Diseases, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Australia
| | - Vance G Fowler
- Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC USA; Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC USA
| | - Peter Verhamme
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Paal Skytt Andersen
- Department of Bacteria, Parasites, and Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Coralie Bouchiat
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Univ Lyon, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, F-69007, Lyon, France; Centre National de Référence des Staphylocoques, Institut des Agents Infectieux, Hospices Civils de Lyon, F-69004, Lyon, France
| | - Karen Moreau
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Univ Lyon, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, F-69007, Lyon, France
| | - François Vandenesch
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Univ Lyon, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, F-69007, Lyon, France; Centre National de Référence des Staphylocoques, Institut des Agents Infectieux, Hospices Civils de Lyon, F-69004, Lyon, France.
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Zhang L, Li X, Wang R. A fatal case of pneumonia and sepsis caused by sequence type 398 methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus carrying Pantone-Valentine leukocidin in China. J Infect Chemother 2022; 28:1329-1331. [PMID: 35654720 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2022.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) sequence type 398 (ST398) has aroused great concern for its spread throughout the world. ST398 community-acquired MRSA (CA-MRSA) has been given greater emphasis because of its high virulence and high probability of treatment failure. Herein, A 22-year-old male was admitted to our hospital with a history of fever, chest pain and dyspnea for 2 days. A chest CT scan showed infiltrative and nodular shadows. The sequence type of the isolates from blood culture was ST398, the virulence genes detected was PVL gene (lukS-PV and lukF-PV). Despite resuscitation efforts, he died of multiple organ failure on admission 3rd day. This is the first described case of severe pneumonia and sepsis due to hematogenous spread of scalp furuncles caused by Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) positive community-acquired methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (CA-MSSA) ST398 strains in an immunocompentent adult in mainland China. This report highlight the emergence CA-PVL-MSSA ST398 infection and its association with life-threatening infections. Early decolonization and identification of ST398 is critical. Severe skin and soft tissue infections should be suspected for ST398 PVL-MSSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizhong Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030032, China.
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030032, China
| | - Ruixue Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030032, China
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Fujimori T, Hagiya H, Iio K, Higashionna T, Kakehi A, Okura M, Minabe H, Yokoyama Y, Otsuka F, Higashikage A. Vancomycin MIC creep progresses in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus despite the national antimicrobial stewardship campaign: Single facility data in Japan. J Infect Chemother 2022; 28:918-922. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2022.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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9
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Appa A, Adamo M, Le S, Davis J, Winston L, Doernberg SB, Chambers H, Martin M, Hills NK, Coffin PO, Jain V. Comparative 1-Year Outcomes of Invasive Staphylococcus aureus Infections Among Persons With and Without Drug Use: An Observational Cohort Study. Clin Infect Dis 2022; 74:263-270. [PMID: 33904900 PMCID: PMC8800187 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciab367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Persons who use drugs (PWUD) face substantial risk of Staphylococcus aureus infections. Limited data exist describing clinical and substance use characteristics of PWUD with invasive S. aureus infections or comparing treatment and mortality outcomes in PWUD vs non-PWUD. These are needed to inform optimal care for this marginalized population. METHODS We identified adults hospitalized from 2013 to 2018 at 2 medical centers in San Francisco with S. aureus bacteremia or International Classification of Diseases-coded diagnoses of endocarditis, epidural abscess, or vertebral osteomyelitis with compatible culture. In addition to demographic and clinical characteristic comparison, we constructed multivariate Cox proportional hazards models for 1-year infection-related readmission and mortality, adjusted for age, race/ethnicity, housing, comorbidities, and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). RESULTS Of 963 hospitalizations for S. aureus infections in 946 patients, 372 of 963 (39%) occurred in PWUD. Among PWUD, heroin (198/372 [53%]) and methamphetamine use (185/372 [50%]) were common. Among 214 individuals using opioids, 98 of 214 (46%) did not receive methadone or buprenorphine. PWUD had lower antibiotic completion than non-PWUD (70% vs 87%; P < .001). While drug use was not associated with increased mortality, 1-year readmission for ongoing or recurrent infection was double in PWUD vs non-PWUD (28% vs 14%; adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 2.0 [95% confidence interval {CI}: 1.3-2.9]). MRSA was independently associated with 1-year readmission for infection (aHR, 1.5 [95% CI: 1.1-2.2]). CONCLUSIONS Compared to non-PWUD, PWUD with invasive S. aureus infections had lower rates of antibiotic completion and twice the risk of infection persistence/recurrence at 1 year. Among PWUD, both opioid and stimulant use were common. Models for combined treatment of substance use disorders and infections, particularly MRSA, are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha Appa
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Meredith Adamo
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Stephenie Le
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Jennifer Davis
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Lisa Winston
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Sarah B Doernberg
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Henry Chambers
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Marlene Martin
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Nancy K Hills
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Phillip O Coffin
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- San Francisco Department of Public Health, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Vivek Jain
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
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10
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Aratani T, Tsukamoto H, Higashi T, Kodawara T, Yano R, Hida Y, Iwasaki H, Goto N. Association of methicillin resistance with mortality of hospital-acquired Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia. J Int Med Res 2021; 49:3000605211058872. [PMID: 34826374 PMCID: PMC8647257 DOI: 10.1177/03000605211058872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Methicillin-resistant (MR) Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia (SAB) is associated with higher mortality rates than methicillin-susceptible (MS) SAB. This study assessed potential predictors of mortality and evaluated the association of methicillin resistance with mortality in patients with SAB. Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study in patients with hospital-acquired SAB, from 2009 to 2018. Clinical features of patients with MR-SAB were compared with those of patients with MS-SAB and predictors of 30-day mortality were determined using Cox regression analysis. Results Among 162 patients, 56.8% had MR-SAB. Overall 30-day mortality was 19.1%; MR-SAB had higher mortality (25.0%) than MS-SAB (11.4%). Univariate analysis highlighted long-term hospitalization, prior antibiotics use, and delayed initiation of appropriate antibiotics as risk factors. Cox regression analysis showed that respiratory tract source, Pitt bacteremia score, Charlson comorbidity index, and appropriate antibiotic therapy within 24 hours were independently and significantly associated with 30-day mortality outcome. Conclusions Methicillin resistance was not an independent risk factor for mortality in patients with SAB. Early, appropriate antibiotic treatment is an important prognostic factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomonori Aratani
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Fukui Hospital, Fukui, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Tsukamoto
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Fukui Hospital, Fukui, Japan.,Infection Control and Prevention, University of Fukui Hospital, Fukui, Japan
| | - Takashi Higashi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Fukui Hospital, Fukui, Japan
| | - Takaaki Kodawara
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Fukui Hospital, Fukui, Japan
| | - Ryoichi Yano
- Education and Research Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yukio Hida
- Infection Control and Prevention, University of Fukui Hospital, Fukui, Japan.,Clinical Laboratory, University of Fukui Hospital, Fukui, Japan
| | - Hiromichi Iwasaki
- Infection Control and Prevention, University of Fukui Hospital, Fukui, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Goto
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Fukui Hospital, Fukui, Japan
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11
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Telles JP, Leme RCP, Campos ML, Ito C, Bail L, Nogueira KDS, Tuon FF. Ceftriaxone and methicillin-susceptible staphylococcus aureus: a perspective from pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics studies. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2021; 17:1039-1048. [PMID: 34225556 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2021.1951221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION : Usage of ceftriaxone-based therapy to treat Methicillin-Susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) infections is a controversial issue, from in vitro to clinical studies. AREA COVERED : We conducted a literature review using PubMed of articles with ceftriaxone pharmacokinetics parameters and built a probability of target attainment (PTA) based on PK values from stable conditions (non-critically-ill patients) with goals of fT>55%, fT>75%, and fT>100%. Ceftriaxone's minimal inhibitory concentration from 31 MSSA strains (0.25-64mg/L) was used to build the cumulative fraction response (CFR). The isolates were clinically relevant from blood, bronchoalveolar lavage, and soft tissue biopsy. EXPERT OPINION The results from controversies about using ceftriaxone for MSSA infections have been commonly addressed in the literature. However, variables such as (i) pharmacokinetic profile, (ii) pharmacodynamic target, (iii) site of infection, and (iv) MIC distributions may influence divergences. From this pharmacokinetics-pharmacodynamics perspective, ceftriaxone may be a reasonable option for MSSA infections when the MIC50 and MIC90 were 4mg/L and 8mg/L. CFR analysis demonstrated that ceftriaxone 1g q24h could be used if bacteriostasis is the aim (fT>55%), while 1g q12h should be used for bactericidal effects (fT>75% or fT>100%). Since there is a lack of data from clinical trials, the findings should be interpreted cautiously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joao Paulo Telles
- AC Camargo Cancer Center, Department of Infectious Diseases, São Paulo - SP, Brazil.,Hospital Universitário Evangélico Mackenzie, Curitiba - PR, Brazil
| | | | - Michel Leandro Campos
- Federal University of Mato Grosso, Health Sciences Institute, Sinop, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Carmen Ito
- Division of Microbiology, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa - PR, Brazil.,Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba - PR, Brazil
| | - Larissa Bail
- Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba - PR, Brazil
| | - Keite da Silva Nogueira
- Hospital de Clínicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba - PR, Brazil.,Basic Pathology Department, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba - PR, Brazil
| | - Felipe Francisco Tuon
- Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba - PR, Brazil
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12
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Jorgensen SCJ, Spellberg B, Shorr AF, Wright WF. Should Therapeutic Drug Monitoring Based on the Vancomycin Area Under the Concentration-Time Curve Be Standard for Serious Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Infections?-No. Clin Infect Dis 2021; 72:1502-1506. [PMID: 33740050 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciaa1743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this counterpoint we critically appraise the evidence supporting therapeutic drug monitoring based on the vancomycin 24-hour area under the concentration-time curve (AUC24) for serious methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections. We reveal methodologically weaknesses and inconsistencies in the data and suggest that, in the absence of clear and convincing evidence of benefit compared with modestly reducing trough targets, alternative strategies are more likely to result in superior safety and efficacy. These include focusing on fundamental antibiotic stewardship to limit vancomycin exposure overall, achieving earlier and more complete source control, and establishing alternative therapeutic options to vancomycin. Implementation of AUC24-based therapeutic drug monitoring will take resources away from these more promising, alternative solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Brad Spellberg
- Los Angeles County + University of Southern California (LAC+USC) Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Andrew F Shorr
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - William F Wright
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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13
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Reduced Vancomycin Susceptibility, MRSA and Treatment Failure in Pediatric Staphylococcus aureus Bloodstream Infections. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2021; 40:429-433. [PMID: 33196562 PMCID: PMC8592063 DOI: 10.1097/inf.0000000000002992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical implications of reduced vancomycin susceptibility (RVS) among pediatric Staphylococcus aureus bloodstream infections are unknown. METHODS We identified all children at 2 children's hospitals with ≥1 blood culture positive for S. aureus. We compared patient and clinical factors for RVS and non-RVS infections using Wilcoxon rank-sum and chi-squared tests. Treatment failure and the duration of bacteremia for RVS versus non-RVS and for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) versus methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) infections were compared using multivariable logistic and Poisson regressions, respectively. For MRSA infections, the association of empiric vancomycin monotherapy with treatment failure was assessed using multivariable logistic regression. RESULTS RVS was present in 72% (309/426) of cases. No patient or infection characteristics, including methicillin resistance, were associated with RVS. RVS was associated with an increased duration of bacteremia compared with non-RVS infections, aIRR = 1.15 (95% confidence interval: 1.02-1.30). The odds of treatment failure was similar for RVS and non-RVS infections, aOR = 1.04 (0.62-1.74). In contrast, MRSA infections were more likely to have treatment failure than MSSA infections, aOR = 3.03 (95% confidence interval: 1.84-5.00). For MRSA infections, empiric vancomycin monotherapy was associated with an increased odds of treatment failure compared with non-vancomycin or combination anti-MRSA antibiotics, aOR = 3.23 (1.12-9.26). CONCLUSIONS RVS was common and was associated with a longer duration of bacteremia but not with treatment failure. Treatment failure was more common for MRSA than for MSSA bloodstream infections. Empiric vancomycin monotherapy increased the odds of treatment failure for MRSA infections.
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14
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Point-Counterpoint: Should Clinical Microbiology Laboratories Report Vancomycin MICs? J Clin Microbiol 2021; 59:JCM.00239-21. [PMID: 33536296 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00239-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTIONWith numerous reported challenges to reporting MICs for vancomycin, clinical laboratories are attempting to identify accurate methods for MIC testing. However, the issues of poor reproducibility, accuracy, and clinical utility remain a challenge. In this Point-Counterpoint, Dr. Sara Revolinski discusses the pros of reporting MICs for vancomycin, while Dr. Christopher Doern argues for the use of caution.
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15
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Koukoubani T, Makris D, Daniil Z, Paraforou T, Tsolaki V, Zakynthinos E, Papanikolaou J. The role of antimicrobial resistance on long-term mortality and quality of life in critically ill patients: a prospective longitudinal 2-year study. Health Qual Life Outcomes 2021; 19:72. [PMID: 33658021 PMCID: PMC7927260 DOI: 10.1186/s12955-021-01712-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In the recent era, antimicrobial resistance has been identified as one of the most important threats to human health worldwide. The rapid emergence of antibiotic-resistant pathogens (ABRP) in the modern intensive care unit (ICU) also represents a “nightmare scenario” with unknown clinical consequences. In the Greek ICU, in particular, gram negative ABRPs are now considered endemic. However, the possible longitudinal impact of ABRPs on long-term outcomes of ICU patients has not yet been determined. Methods In this two-year (January 2014-December 2015) single-centre observational longitudinal study, 351 non-neurocritical ICU patients ≥ 18 year-old were enrolled. Patients’ demographic, clinical and outcome data were prospectively collected. Quality-adjusted life years (QALY) were calculated at 6, 12, 18 and 24 months after ICU admission. Results Fifty-eight patients developed infections due to ABRP (ABRP group), 57 due to non-ABRP (non-ABRP group), and 236 demonstrated no infection (no-infection group) while in ICU. Multiple regression analysis revealed that multiple organ dysfunction syndrome score (OR: 0.676, 95%CI 0.584–0.782; P < 0.001) and continuous renal replacement therapy (OR: 4.453, 95%CI 1.805–10.982; P = 0.001) were the only independent determinants for ABRP infections in ICU. Intra-ICU, 90-day and 2-year mortality was 27.9%, 52.4% and 61.5%, respectively. Compared to the non-ABRP and no-infection group, the ABRP group demonstrated increased intra-ICU, 90-day and 2-year mortality (P ≤ 0.022), worse 2-year survival rates in ICU patients overall and ICU survivor subset (Log-rank test, P ≤ 0.046), and poorer progress over time in 2-year QALY kinetics in ICU population overall, ICU survivor and 2-year survivor subgroups (P ≤ 0.013). ABRP group was further divided into multi-drug and extensively-drug resistant subgroups [MDR (n = 34) / XDR (n = 24), respectively]. Compared to MDR subgroup, the XDR subgroup demonstrated increased ICU, 90-day and 2-year mortality (P ≤ 0.031), but similar 90-day and 2-year QALYs (P ≥ 0.549). ABRP infections overall (HR = 1.778, 95% CI 1.166–2.711; P = 0.008), as well as XDR [HR = 1.889, 95% CI 1.075–3.320; P = 0.027) but not MDR pathogens, were independently associated with 2-year mortality, after adjusting for several covariates of critical illness. Conclusions The present study may suggest a significant association between ABRP (especially XDR) infections in ICU and increased mortality and inability rates for a prolonged period post-discharge that requires further attention in larger-scale studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Demosthenes Makris
- Department of Critical Care, School of Medicine, University of Thessaly, University Hospital of Larissa, Biopolis, 41110, Larissa, Greece
| | - Zoe Daniil
- Department of Critical Care, School of Medicine, University of Thessaly, University Hospital of Larissa, Biopolis, 41110, Larissa, Greece
| | - Theoniki Paraforou
- Department of Critical Care, General Hospital of Trikala, Thessaly, Greece
| | - Vasiliki Tsolaki
- Department of Critical Care, School of Medicine, University of Thessaly, University Hospital of Larissa, Biopolis, 41110, Larissa, Greece
| | - Epaminondas Zakynthinos
- Department of Critical Care, School of Medicine, University of Thessaly, University Hospital of Larissa, Biopolis, 41110, Larissa, Greece
| | - John Papanikolaou
- Department of Critical Care, School of Medicine, University of Thessaly, University Hospital of Larissa, Biopolis, 41110, Larissa, Greece.
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16
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Jorgensen SCJ, Dersch-Mills D, Timberlake K, Stewart JJ, Gin A, Dresser LD, Dalton BR. AUCs and 123s: a critical appraisal of vancomycin therapeutic drug monitoring in paediatrics. J Antimicrob Chemother 2021; 76:2237-2251. [PMID: 33675656 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkab048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The revised vancomycin guidelines recommend implementing AUC24-based therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) using Bayesian methods in both adults and paediatrics. The motivation for this change was accumulating evidence showing aggressive dosing to achieve high troughs, as recommended in the first guidelines for adults and extrapolated to paediatrics, is associated with increased nephrotoxicity without improving clinical outcomes. AUC24-based TDM requires substantial resources that may need to be diverted from other valuable interventions. It can therefore be justified only after certain assumptions are shown to be true: (i) there is a clear relationship between vancomycin efficacy and/or toxicity and the proposed therapeutic range; and (ii) maintaining exposure within the target range with AUC24-based TDM improves clinical outcomes and/or decreases toxicity. In this review, we critically appraise the scientific basis for these assumptions. We find studies evaluating the relationship between vancomycin AUC24/MIC and efficacy in adults and children do not offer strong support for the recommended lower limit of the proposed therapeutic range (i.e. AUC24/MIC ≥400). Nephrotoxicity in children increases in a stepwise manner along the vancomycin exposure continuum but it is unclear if one parameter (AUC24 versus trough) is a superior predictor. Overall, evidence in children suggests good-to-excellent correlation between AUC24 and trough. Most importantly, there is no convincing evidence that the method of vancomycin TDM has a causal role in improving efficacy or reducing toxicity. These findings question the need to transition to resource-intensive AUC24-based TDM over retaining trough-based TDM with lower targets to minimize nephrotoxicity in paediatrics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kathryn Timberlake
- Department of Pharmacy, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jackson J Stewart
- Pharmacy Services, University of Alberta Hospital, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Alfred Gin
- Department of Pharmacy, Winnipeg Regional Health Authority, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Linda D Dresser
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Antimicrobial Stewardship Program, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Bruce R Dalton
- Pharmacy Services, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, AB, Canada
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17
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Talha KM, Ishaq H, Ramesh R, Tariq W, Arshad V, Baddour LM, Sohail MR, Palraj R. Association between high vancomycin minimum inhibitory concentration and clinical outcomes in patients with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia - A retrospective cohort study. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2021; 40:1503-1510. [PMID: 33609261 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-021-04200-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to determine the role of high (≥ 1.5 mg/L) vancomycin minimum inhibitory concentration (VMIC) in predicting clinical outcomes in patients with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia (MRSAB). A retrospective study was conducted at Mayo Clinic, Minnesota. Patients ≥ 18 years with a 3-month follow-up were included. Outcomes were defined as 30-day all-cause in-hospital mortality, median duration of bacteraemia, metastatic infectious complications, and relapse of MRSAB. A total of 475 patients with MRSAB were identified, and 93 (19.6%) of them had high VMIC isolates. Sixty-four percent of patients were male with a mean age of 69.0 years. Active solid organ malignancy and skin and soft tissue infection as source of MRSAB were associated with high VMIC, while septic arthritis as a complication was significantly associated with low VMIC on multivariate analysis. Eighty-one (17.1%) patients died within 30 days of hospitalization, with no significant difference in mortality rates between the two groups. In-hospital mortality, median duration of bacteraemia, and metastatic infectious complications were not significantly associated with high VMIC MRSAB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khawaja M Talha
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
| | - Hassan Ishaq
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Rommel Ramesh
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Wajeeha Tariq
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Verda Arshad
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Larry M Baddour
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.,Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - M Rizwan Sohail
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.,Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, USA.,Section of Infectious Diseases, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Raj Palraj
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
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18
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Jorgensen SCJ, Stewart JJ, Dalton BR. The case for ‘conservative pharmacotherapy’. J Antimicrob Chemother 2021; 76:1658-1660. [DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkab011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
In the modern era of rapid advances in the field of antimicrobial ‘precision dosing’ through therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM), there is growing pressure to adopt new technologies and expand the number of antimicrobials managed with TDM and/or the complexity of TDM methods. For many clinicians, it may seem inevitable that TDM must improve patient outcomes. However, based on the evidence to date, this concept remains largely a hypothesis. Conversely, it is plausible that focusing on TDM may distract from careful clinical monitoring of the patient for efficacy and drug-related toxicities and shift finite resources from other valuable interventions. In this article we make the case for embracing critical appraisal of precision dosing, remaining skeptical until persuaded by compelling evidence, and adopting new technologies only when they have proven their value over competing priorities; that is, we make the case for using ‘conservative pharmacotherapy’.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jackson J Stewart
- Pharmacy Services, University of Alberta Hospital, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Bruce R Dalton
- Pharmacy Services, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, AB, Canada
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19
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Shi C, Ye J, Xu R, Jin W, Xu S, Teng F, Lin N. Effect of the vancomycin minimum inhibitory concentration on clinical outcomes in patients with methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e040675. [PMID: 33452189 PMCID: PMC7813418 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-040675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The use of the vancomycin minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) as a prognostic predictor in patients with methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) has been debated in the last decade. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate whether an elevated vancomycin MIC is associated with a worse prognosis for patients with MSSA bacteraemia. DESIGN Systematic review and meta-analysis. DATA SOURCES PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane Library were searched from inception to December 2019. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA Randomised controlled trials or observational studies were considered eligible if they provided clinical outcomes of patients with MSSA bacteraemia, stratified by vancomycin MIC. DATA SYNTHESIS Primary outcome was mortality. Secondary outcomes included septic thrombophlebitis, persistent bacteraemia and complicated bacteraemia. Pooled ORs and 95% CIs were calculated. Subgroup analyses included the susceptibility testing method. RESULTS Fifteen observational studies were included. Bacteraemia due to MSSA isolates with high vancomycin MICs was associated with higher mortality than isolates with low MICs (OR 1.44; 95% CI 1.12 to 1.84; I2=40.3%). Additionally, significantly greater septic thrombophlebitis (OR 3.16; 95% CI 1.11 to 9.00; I2=58.6%) and a trend towards more persistent bacteraemia (OR 1.79; 95% CI 0.97 to 3.31; I2=0%) were observed in patients with high vancomycin MICs than in patients with low MICs. Differences in complicated bacteraemia were not significant. Similar findings were obtained in subgroup analyses using Etest. However, significant differences in outcomes were not observed between the high and low vancomycin MICs detected using broth microdilution. CONCLUSION The available data suggest an association between elevated vancomycin MICs detected using Etest and adverse clinical outcomes for patients with MSSA bacteraemia. Future studies should validate these findings and explore the potential mechanisms. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42018090547.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changcheng Shi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Clinical Cancer Pharmacology and Toxicology Research of Zhejiang Province, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jian Ye
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Renjie Xu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Shaoxing Women and Children's Hospital, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weizhong Jin
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shuang Xu
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fei Teng
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Nengming Lin
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Translational Medicine Research Center, Key Laboratory of Clinical Cancer Pharmacology and Toxicology Research of Zhejiang Province, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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20
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Association between high vancomycin minimum inhibitory concentration and clinical outcomes in patients with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia: a meta-analysis. Infection 2021; 49:803-811. [PMID: 33394368 DOI: 10.1007/s15010-020-01568-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the relationship between high vancomycin minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC), in patients with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia (MRSAB), and both mortality and complicated bacteremia. METHODS Embase, Medline, EBM, Scopus and Web of Science were searched for studies published from January 1st 2014 to February 29th 2020. "High" vancomycin MIC cut off was defined as ≥ 1.5 mg/L. Three referees independently reviewed studies that compared outcomes in patients with MRSAB stratified by vancomycin MIC. Subgroup analyses were performed for rates of mortality and complicated bacteremia. RESULTS A total of 13 studies with 2089 patients were included. Overall, mortality was 27.7% and 23.3% in the high and low vancomycin MIC group, respectively. No significant difference was found between vancomycin MIC groups for overall mortality, in-hospital mortality, late mortality, persistent bacteremia, severe sepsis or septic shock, acute renal failure, septic emboli or endocarditis, and osteomyelitis or septic arthritis. Early mortality was significantly associated with low vancomycin MIC. Mortality in studies using broth microdilution method (BMD) and need for mechanical ventilation were significantly associated with high vancomycin MIC. CONCLUSION Overall mortality and complicated bacteremia were not significantly associated with high vancomycin MICs in a patient with MRSAB. Randomized controlled trials to assess the utility of vancomycin MIC values in predicting mortality and other adverse clinical outcomes are warranted.
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Comprehensive Genomic Investigation of Adaptive Mutations Driving the Low-Level Oxacillin Resistance Phenotype in Staphylococcus aureus. mBio 2020; 11:mBio.02882-20. [PMID: 33293382 PMCID: PMC7733948 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02882-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Antistaphylococcal penicillins such as oxacillin are the key antibiotics in the treatment of invasive methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) infections; however, mec gene-independent resistance adaptation can cause treatment failure. Despite its clinical relevance, the basis of this phenomenon remains poorly understood. Here, we investigated the genomic adaptation to oxacillin at an unprecedented scale using a large collection of 503 clinical mec-negative isolates and 30 in vitro-adapted isolates from independent oxacillin exposures. By combining comparative genomics, evolutionary convergence, and genome-wide association analysis, we found 21 genetic loci associated with low-level oxacillin resistance, underscoring the polygenic nature of this phenotype. Evidence of adaptation was particularly strong for the c-di-AMP signal transduction pathways (gdpP and dacA) and in the clpXP chaperone-protease complex. The role of mutations in gdpP in conferring low-level oxacillin resistance was confirmed by allele-swapping experiments. We found that resistance to oxacillin emerges at high frequency in vitro (median, 2.9 × 10-6; interquartile range [IQR], 1.9 × 10-6 to 3.9 × 10-6), which is consistent with a recurrent minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) increase across the global phylogeny of clinical isolates. Nevertheless, adaptation in clinical isolates appears sporadically, with no stably adapted lineages, suggesting a high fitness cost of resistance, confirmed by growth assessment of mutants in rich media. Our data provide a broader understanding of the emergence and dynamics of oxacillin resistance adaptation in S. aureus and a framework for future surveillance of this clinically important phenomenon.IMPORTANCE The majority of Staphylococcus aureus strains causing human disease are methicillin-susceptible (MSSA) and can be treated with antistaphylococcal penicillins (such as oxacillin). While acquisition of the mec gene represents the main resistance mechanism to oxacillin, S. aureus can acquire low-level resistance through adaptive mutations in other genes. In this study, we used genomic approaches to understand the basis of S. aureus adaption to oxacillin and its dynamic at the population level. By combining a genome analysis of clinical isolates from persistent MSSA infections, in vitro selection of oxacillin resistance, and genome-wide association analysis on a large collection of isolates, we identified 21 genes linked to secondary oxacillin resistance. Adaptive mutations in these genes were easy to select when S. aureus was exposed to oxacillin, but they also came at a substantial cost in terms of bacterial fitness, suggesting that this phenotype emerges preferentially in the setting of sustained antibiotic exposure.
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AlQahtani H, Baloch S, Aleanizy FS, Alqahtani FY, Tabb D. Influence of the minimum inhibitory concentration of daptomycin on the outcomes of Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2020; 24:23-26. [PMID: 33279686 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2020.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Recent studies have shown that methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bacteraemia with vancomycin minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) >1 μg/mL is associated with a higher rate of treatment failure and a higher mortality rate. Daptomycin is an alternative to vancomycin but has not been as well studied. The aim of this literature review was to evaluate the effect of daptomycin MIC on the outcomes of S. aureus bacteraemia. METHODS We conducted a literature search for the period January 2010 to January 2019 using the MEDLINE and Embase databases. RESULTS Four studies were included in the review. The outcomes were clinical cure and 30- or 60-day mortality. In two retrospective studies, 60-70% ofS. aureus isolates had a low daptomycin MIC (≤0.5 μg/mL) and patients with MRSA bacteraemia who were treated with daptomycin had a lower mortality rate. In another study, patients with methicillin-susceptible S. aureus bacteraemia with low daptomycin MICs had a lower risk of developing septic thrombophlebitis. One study showed that patients with MRSA bacteraemia had a higher mortality rate if the daptomycin MIC was >0.5 μg/mL. CONCLUSION The included studies in this review suggest a possible association between high daptomycin MIC and unfavourable clinical outcomes ofS. aureus bacteraemia. Further prospective studies are required to evaluate the impact of the daptomycin MIC on the clinical outcomes of S. aureus bacteraemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajar AlQahtani
- Department of Pharmacy Services, King Abdul-Aziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard, Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Saeed Baloch
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Piedmont Columbus Regional Healthcare System, Columbus, GA, USA
| | - Fadilah Sfouq Aleanizy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fulwah Yahya Alqahtani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Deanne Tabb
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Piedmont Columbus Regional Healthcare System, Columbus, GA, USA
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23
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Aljohani S, Layqah L, Masuadi E, Al Alwan B, Baharoon W, Gramish J, Baharoon S. Occurrence of vancomycin MIC creep in methicillin resistant isolates in Saudi Arabia. J Infect Public Health 2020; 13:1576-1579. [PMID: 32859551 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2020.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND "MIC creep" is a phenomenon that describes an increase of an organism MICs over time and have been reported from different parts of the world. High MIC in MRSA has been theoretically liked to treatment failure and may be a precursor to hVISA and VISA. This study was conducted to assess presence of vancomycin minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) creeps among clinical isolates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in Saudi Arabia. METHODS Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of vancomycin by E test of all MRSA isolates of from 2013 to 2018 were reviewed. RESULTS Of the 736 isolates evaluated, no isolates with MIC above 2 were found. Majority of MRSA isolates were susceptible to vancomycin with MIC less than 1. There was a significant increase in both Arithmetic and geometric mean MIC for vancomycin during the first three years which progressively declined in the next three years. CONCLUSIONS Although most of MRSA isolated remained very susceptible to vancomycin there was evidence of dynamic vancomycin MIC creep over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameerah Aljohani
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Laila Layqah
- Department of Research Office, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Emad Masuadi
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bassam Al Alwan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waleed Baharoon
- College of Dentistry, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Salim Baharoon
- Department of Intensive Care, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Friberg C, Haaber JK, Vestergaard M, Fait A, Perrot V, Levin BR, Ingmer H. Human antimicrobial peptide, LL-37, induces non-inheritable reduced susceptibility to vancomycin in Staphylococcus aureus. Sci Rep 2020; 10:13121. [PMID: 32753585 PMCID: PMC7403302 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-69962-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are central components of the innate immune system providing protection against pathogens. Yet, serum and tissue concentrations vary between individuals and with disease conditions. We demonstrate that the human AMP LL-37 lowers the susceptibility to vancomycin in the community-associated methicillin-resistant S. aureus (CA-MRSA) strain FPR3757 (USA300). Vancomycin is used to treat serious MRSA infections, but treatment failures occur despite MRSA strains being tested susceptible according to standard susceptibility methods. Exposure to physiologically relevant concentrations of LL-37 increased the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of S. aureus towards vancomycin by 75%, and resulted in shortened lag-phase and increased colony formation at sub-inhibitory concentrations of vancomycin. Computer simulations using a mathematical antibiotic treatment model indicated that a small increase in MIC might decrease the efficacy of vancomycin in clearing a S. aureus infection. This prediction was supported in a Galleria mellonella infection model, where exposure of S. aureus to LL-37 abolished the antimicrobial effect of vancomycin. Thus, physiological relevant concentrations of LL-37 reduce susceptibility to vancomycin, indicating that tissue and host specific variations in LL-37 concentrations may influence vancomycin susceptibility in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cathrine Friberg
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Stigbøjlen 4, 1870, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk, Hagedornsvej 1, 2820, Gentofte, Denmark
| | - Jakob Krause Haaber
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Stigbøjlen 4, 1870, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
- SNIPRbiome, Lerso Parkallé 44, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Martin Vestergaard
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Stigbøjlen 4, 1870, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Anaëlle Fait
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Stigbøjlen 4, 1870, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | | | - Bruce R Levin
- Department of Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Hanne Ingmer
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Stigbøjlen 4, 1870, Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
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Al‐Sulaiti FK, Nader A, El‐Mekaty E, Elewa H, Al‐Badriyeh D, El‐Zubair A, Saad MO, Awaisu A. Vancomycin therapeutic drug monitoring service quality indices and clinical effectiveness outcomes: A retrospective cohort and clinical audit. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CLINICAL PHARMACY 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/jac5.1223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fatima K. Al‐Sulaiti
- Clinical Pharmacy and Practice Department College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University Doha Qatar
- Qatar National Research Fund Qatar Foundation Doha Qatar
| | - Ahmed Nader
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics Division Abbvie Chicago USA
| | - Eman El‐Mekaty
- Infectious Diseases Department, Communicable Disease Center Hamad Medical Corporation Doha Qatar
- Clinical Pharmacy Department Al‐Wakrah Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation Doha Qatar
| | - Hazem Elewa
- Clinical Pharmacy and Practice Department College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University Doha Qatar
| | - Daoud Al‐Badriyeh
- Clinical Pharmacy and Practice Department College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University Doha Qatar
| | - Ahmed El‐Zubair
- Clinical Pharmacy Department Al‐Khor Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation Doha Qatar
| | - Mohamed O. Saad
- Clinical Pharmacy Department Al‐Wakrah Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation Doha Qatar
| | - Ahmed Awaisu
- Clinical Pharmacy and Practice Department College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University Doha Qatar
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López-Cortés LE, Gálvez-Acebal J, Rodríguez-Baño J. Therapy of Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia: Evidences and challenges. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin 2020; 38:489-497. [PMID: 32169398 DOI: 10.1016/j.eimc.2020.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia (SAB) is still a daily challenge for clinicians. Despite all efforts, the associated mortality and morbidity has not significantly improved in the last 20 years. The available evidence suggests that adherence to some quality-of-care indicators with regard to clinical management is important in improving the outcome of patients, but it is lower than desired in many hospitals; as such, management of patients with SAB by infectious diseases specialists has been demonstrated to contribute in the reduction of the mortality rate of these patients. In this article, the most relevant clinical studies published over the last few years evaluating the efficacy and safety of alternative drugs for the treatment of SAB are reviewed. However, classic drugs are still used in a high proportion of patients because the promising results obtained from in vivo and in vivo studies with these alternative drugs have not translated as frequently as expected into evident superiority in clinical studies. Nevertheless, some data suggest that certain alternatives may offer advantages in specific situations. Overall, an individualised and expert approach is needed in order to decide the best treatment according to the source, severity, complications, patients' features and microbiological data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Eduardo López-Cortés
- Unidad Clínica de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Microbiología y Medicina Preventiva, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena/Departamento de Medicina, Universidad de Sevilla/CSIC/Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Seville, Spain
| | - Juan Gálvez-Acebal
- Unidad Clínica de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Microbiología y Medicina Preventiva, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena/Departamento de Medicina, Universidad de Sevilla/CSIC/Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Seville, Spain
| | - Jesús Rodríguez-Baño
- Unidad Clínica de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Microbiología y Medicina Preventiva, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena/Departamento de Medicina, Universidad de Sevilla/CSIC/Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Seville, Spain.
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Relationship between Vancomycin MIC and Virulence Gene Expression in Clonal Complexes of Methicillin-Susceptible Staphylococcus aureus Strains Isolated from Left-Sided Endocarditis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2020; 64:AAC.01579-19. [PMID: 31907181 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01579-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Higher vancomycin MICs have been associated with more complicated courses and higher mortality rates in patients with Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia and infective endocarditis (IE). The aim of this study was to investigate whether the strains belonging to the cohort of 93 patients from a previously published study in which patients with strains with vancomycin MICs of ≥1.5 μg/ml presented higher mortality rates and systemic emboli than patients with strains with vancomycin MICs of <1.5 μg/ml had specific patterns of virulence factors, clonal complex (CC) types, or the ability to form biofilms. Vancomycin MICs were determined by Etest, and the isolates underwent spa typing to infer the CC, biofilm studies, a thrombin-induced platelet microbicidal assay, and multiplex PCR for the presence of virulence genes. We found no differences in genes encoding adhesins, toxins, or other putative virulence genes according to the vancomycin MIC group. CC30, CC34, and CC45 represented nearly half of the isolates, and there was no association with the vancomycin MIC. agr subgroups I and III predominated, with no association with the vancomycin MIC. Isolates with higher vancomycin MICs exhibited a poorer ability to form biofilms with and without the presence of vancomycin (2.03 versus 2.48 [P < 0.001], respectively, for isolates with higher vancomycin MICs and 2.60 versus 2.87 [P = 0.022], respectively, for isolates with lower vancomycin MICs). In the multivariable analysis, efb and V8 were risk factors for major emboli (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 7.5 and 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.2 to 46.6 for efb, and aOR = 3.9 and 95% CI = 1.1 to 14.1 for V8), whereas no genotypic predictors of in-hospital mortality were found. No clear associations between genes encoding virulence factors, agr type, clonal complexes, mortality, and major embolic events according to vancomycin MIC group were found.
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Talaie H, Mousavizadeh A, Emami H, Gachkar L, Barari B, Alijanzadeh MH. High sensitivity versus low level of vancomycin needs to be concern for another alternative anti- Staphylococcus aureus as the first- line antibiotic. ACTA BIO-MEDICA : ATENEI PARMENSIS 2019; 90:498-503. [PMID: 31910175 PMCID: PMC7233789 DOI: 10.23750/abm.v90i4.7646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background and aim: Vancomycin has been the first-line therapy for MRSA infection disease for many years. According to standard guidelines, the therapeutic vancomycin trough concentration should be above 10 mg/L and optimally between 15-20 mg/L. The aim of this study was to evaluate vancomycin trough level concentration in patients infected with MRSA.Methods: This cross- sectional study included a sample of 170 patients admitted to the ICU of Loghman hospital. We used a standard questionnaire, then applied appropriate statistical tests. All collected data had been analyzed and interpreted by IBM SPSS Statistics 19.0.Results: Among this study population, 71.8% was male. Just 20.8% of the patients can reach the therapeutic level trough even after changing the dose. It should be noted that a significant percentage of toxicity was observed after increasing the dose. Conclusions: Even though high sensitivity against vancomycin disc has been seen in antibiogram tests, sufficient efficiency has not been distinguished, in the sense that, just a few patients by low trough level concentration, reached to therapeutic level after the dose change. Based on some sources, because of the side effects and limited safe range of vancomycin, we should consider a new approach to the alternative antibiotics. (www.actabiomedica.it)
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Affiliation(s)
- Haleh Talaie
- Toxicological Research Center, Loghman-Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran..
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29
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Joo EJ, Park DA, Kang CI, Chung DR, Song JH, Lee SM, Peck KR. Reevaluation of the impact of methicillin-resistance on outcomes in patients with Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia and endocarditis. Korean J Intern Med 2019; 34:1347-1362. [PMID: 29347812 PMCID: PMC6823568 DOI: 10.3904/kjim.2017.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is highly prevalent in hospitals, and has recently emerged in the community. The impact of methicillin-resistance on mortality and medical costs for patients with S. aureus bacteremia (SAB) requires reevaluation. METHODS We searched studies with SAB or endocarditis using electronic databases including Ovid-Medline, Embase-Medline, and Cochrane Library, as well as five local databases for published studies during the period January 2000 to September 2011. RESULTS A total of 2,841 studies were identified, 62 of which involved 17,563 adult subjects and were selected as eligible. A significant increase in overall mortality associated with MRSA, compared to that with methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA), was evidenced by an odds ratio (OR) of 1.95 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.73 to 2.21; p < 0.01). In 13 endocarditis studies, MRSA increased the risk of mortality, with an OR of 2.65 (95% CI, 1.46 to 4.80). When three studies, which compared mortality rates between CA-MRSA and CA-MSSA, were combined, the risk of methicillin-resistance increased 3.23-fold compared to MSSA (95% CI, 1.25 to 8.34). The length of hospital stay in the MRSA group was 10 days longer than that in the MSSA group (95% CI, 3.36 to 16.70). Of six studies that reported medical costs, two were included in the analysis, which estimated medical costs to be $9,954.58 (95% CI, 8,951.99 to 10,957.17). CONCLUSION MRSA is still associated with increased mortality, longer hospital stays and medical costs, compared with MSSA in SAB in studies published since the year 2000.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Jeong Joo
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong Ah Park
- Office of Health Technology Evaluation, National Evidence-based Healthcare Collaboration Agency, Seoul, Korea
| | - Cheol-In Kang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Doo Ryeon Chung
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae-Hoon Song
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Moo Lee
- Office of Health Technology Evaluation, National Evidence-based Healthcare Collaboration Agency, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyong Ran Peck
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Correspondence to Kyong Ran Peck, M.D. Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06351, Korea Tel: +82-2-3410-0329 Fax: +82-2-3410-0064 E-mail:
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Sáez C, Sarriá C, Vilacosta I, Olmos C, López J, García-Granja PE, Fernández C, de las Cuevas C, Reyes G, Domínguez L, San Román JA. "A contemporary description of staphylococcus aureus prosthetic valve endocarditis. Differences according to the time elapsed from surgery". Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e16903. [PMID: 31464922 PMCID: PMC6736462 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000016903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus prosthetic valve endocarditis (SAPVE) has a poor prognosis. There are no large series that accurately describe this entity.This is a retrospective observational study on a prospective cohort from 3 Spanish reference hospitals for cardiac surgery, including 78 definitive episodes of left SAPVE between 1996 and 2016.Fifty percent had a Charlson Index score >5; 53% were health care-related. Twenty percent did not present fever. Complications at diagnosis included: severe heart failure (HF, 29%), septic shock (SS, 17.9%), central nervous system abnormalities (19%), septic metastasis (4%). Hemorrhagic stroke was not higher in anticoagulated patients. Twenty-seven percent were methicilin-resistant SA (MRSA). Fifteen of 31 had positive valve culture; it was related to surgery within first 24 hours. At diagnosis, 69% had vegetation (>10 mm in 75%), 21.8% perianular extension, and 20% prosthetic dehiscence. Forty-eight percent had persistent bacteremia, related to nonsurgical treatment. Perianular extension progressed in 18%. Surgery was performed in 35 episodes (12 with stroke). Eleven uncomplicated episodes were managed with medical therapy, 8 survived. In-hospital mortality was 55%, higher in episodes with hemorrhagic stroke (77.8% vs 52.2%, odds ratio 3.2 [0.62-16.55]). Early SAPVE was nosocomial (92%), presented as severe HF (54%), patients were diagnosed and operated on early, 38% died. In intermediate SAPVE (9 weeks-1 year) diagnosis was delayed (24%), patients presented with constitutional syndrome (18%), renal failure (41%), and underwent surgery >72 hours after indication; 53% died. Late SAPVE (>1 year) was related with health care, diagnosis delay, and 60% of deceases.Left SAPVE frequently affected patients with comorbidity and health care contact. Complications at diagnosis and absence of fever were frequent. Presence of MRSA was high. Positive valve culture was related to early surgery. Paravalvular extension was frequent; vegetations were large, but its absence at diagnosis was common. Some uncomplicated SAPVE episodes were safety treated with medical therapy. Surgery was feasible in patients with stroke. Mortality was high. There were differences in some clinical characteristics and in evolution according to the time elapsed from valve replacement. Prognosis was better in early SAPVE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Sáez
- Department of Medicine-Infectious diseases, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Sarriá
- Department of Medicine-Infectious diseases, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain
| | - Isidre Vilacosta
- Instituto Cardiovascular. Hospital Universitario Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Olmos
- Instituto Cardiovascular. Hospital Universitario Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier López
- Department of Cardiology, Instituto de Ciencias del Corazón (ICICOR), CIBERCV, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Pablo Elpidio García-Granja
- Department of Cardiology, Instituto de Ciencias del Corazón (ICICOR), CIBERCV, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Cristina Fernández
- Instituto Cardiovascular. Hospital Universitario Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen de las Cuevas
- Department of Microbiology, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain
| | - Guillermo Reyes
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain
| | - Lourdes Domínguez
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose Alberto San Román
- Department of Cardiology, Instituto de Ciencias del Corazón (ICICOR), CIBERCV, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
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Monk IR, Shaikh N, Begg SL, Gajdiss M, Sharkey LKR, Lee JYH, Pidot SJ, Seemann T, Kuiper M, Winnen B, Hvorup R, Collins BM, Bierbaum G, Udagedara SR, Morey JR, Pulyani N, Howden BP, Maher MJ, McDevitt CA, King GF, Stinear TP. Zinc-binding to the cytoplasmic PAS domain regulates the essential WalK histidine kinase of Staphylococcus aureus. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3067. [PMID: 31296851 PMCID: PMC6624279 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10932-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
WalKR (YycFG) is the only essential two-component regulator in the human pathogen Staphylococcus aureus. WalKR regulates peptidoglycan synthesis, but this function alone does not explain its essentiality. Here, to further understand WalKR function, we investigate a suppressor mutant that arose when WalKR activity was impaired; a histidine to tyrosine substitution (H271Y) in the cytoplasmic Per-Arnt-Sim (PASCYT) domain of the histidine kinase WalK. Introducing the WalKH271Y mutation into wild-type S. aureus activates the WalKR regulon. Structural analyses of the WalK PASCYT domain reveal a metal-binding site, in which a zinc ion (Zn2+) is tetrahedrally-coordinated by four amino acids including H271. The WalKH271Y mutation abrogates metal binding, increasing WalK kinase activity and WalR phosphorylation. Thus, Zn2+-binding negatively regulates WalKR. Promoter-reporter experiments using S. aureus confirm Zn2+ sensing by this system. Identification of a metal ligand recognized by the WalKR system broadens our understanding of this critical S. aureus regulon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian R Monk
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia.
| | - Nausad Shaikh
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4067, Australia
| | - Stephanie L Begg
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Mike Gajdiss
- University Clinics of Bonn, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Liam K R Sharkey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Jean Y H Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Sacha J Pidot
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Torsten Seemann
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia.,Melbourne Bioinformatics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | | | | | - Rikki Hvorup
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4067, Australia
| | - Brett M Collins
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4067, Australia
| | - Gabriele Bierbaum
- University Clinics of Bonn, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Saumya R Udagedara
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, 3086, Australia
| | - Jacqueline R Morey
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Neha Pulyani
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, 3086, Australia
| | - Benjamin P Howden
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Megan J Maher
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, 3086, Australia
| | - Christopher A McDevitt
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia.,Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Glenn F King
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4067, Australia
| | - Timothy P Stinear
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia.
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Lam JC, Gregson DB, Robinson S, Somayaji R, Conly JM, Parkins MD. Epidemiology and Outcome Determinants of Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia Revisited: A Population-Based Study. Infection 2019; 47:961-971. [PMID: 31270751 DOI: 10.1007/s15010-019-01330-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia (SAB) is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. We sought to re-define the burden, epidemiology and mortality-associated risk factors of SAB in a large Canadian health region. METHODS Residents (> 18 years) experiencing SAB from 2012 to 2014 were assessed. Incidence rates were calculated using civic census results. Factors associated with 30-day mortality were determined through multivariate logistic regression. Incidence and risk factors for SAB were compared to 2000-2006 data. RESULTS 780 residents experienced 840 episodes of SAB (MRSA; 20%). Incidence rates increased from 23.5 to 32.0 cases/100,000 from 2012 to 2014; [IRR 1.15 (95% CI 1.07-1.23); p < 0.001]. Compared to a decade ago, incidence of SAB has increased [IRR 1.28 (95% CI 1.21-1.36); p < 0.001] despite minimal change in nosocomial SAB. MRSA proportion did not change through the study (p = 0.3), but did increase relative to a decade ago (20.0% vs 11.0%, p < 0.001). Thirty-day mortality rates were 30.6% and 21.3% for MRSA and MSSA, respectively (p = 0.01), similar to rates from 2000 to 2006. Several clinical, demographic, and biochemical factors were independently associated with SAB mortality. CONCLUSIONS SAB is common within our population resulting in significant mortality. Incidence rates of SAB are increasing in our health region; however, 30-day mortality rates remain stable.
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Affiliation(s)
- John C Lam
- Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Daniel B Gregson
- Departments of Medicine and Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Calgary Laboratory Services, Snyder Institute for Chronic Disease, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Stephen Robinson
- Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University, 5849 University Ave, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Ranjani Somayaji
- Departments of Medicine and Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Snyder Institute for Chronic Disease, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - John M Conly
- Departments of Medicine, Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Snyder Institute for Chronic Disease, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Michael D Parkins
- Departments of Medicine and Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Snyder Institute for Chronic Disease, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada.
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Rodvold KA. 60 Plus Years Later and We Are Still Trying to Learn How to Dose Vancomycin. Clin Infect Dis 2019; 70:1546-1549. [DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciz467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Keith A Rodvold
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Colleges of Pharmacy and Medicine
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Falcón R, Mateo E, Oltra R, Giménez E, Albert E, Torres I, Navarro D. Vancomycin MICs and risk of complicated bacteremia by glycopeptide-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2019; 38:903-912. [PMID: 30729396 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-019-03500-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Vancomycin (VAN) minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) at the upper end of the susceptible range for Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), as measured by the Etest method, have been associated with poor clinical outcomes of S. aureus bloodstream infections, as has the isolate's genetic background. Here, we assessed the impact of VAN MICs, as determined by a broth microdilution method (BMD) that incorporates incremental VAN concentrations between the conventional log2 dilutions, isolate susceptibility to killing by human phagocytes, acting as a surrogate marker for bacterial cell wall thickness, and S. aureus genetic composition, on the development of complicated S. aureus bacteremia (SAB). We carried out a retrospective, observational single-center cohort study of 148 consecutive patients with SAB caused by methicillin-susceptible (MSSA) isolates (n = 113) or methicillin-resistant (MRSA) isolates (n = 35). S. aureus isolates were genotyped using a commercially available DNA microarray. Overall, VAN MICs of S. aureus isolates taken from complicated and uncomplicated SAB were comparable, irrespective of the testing method (P = 0.19 with BMD, and P = 0.94 with Etest). Likewise, S. aureus isolates in both comparison groups had the same susceptibility to killing by human phagocytes (P = 0.5). Among the genes screened by the S. aureus DNA array, only Sec and Sel were differentially present among S. aureus isolates in both groups (overrepresented in those causing complications) and their presence was associated independently with complicated SAB in multivariate models adjusted for potentially relevant clinical covariates. Separate analysis of MSSA SAB episodes yielded similar results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Falcón
- Microbiology Service, Fundación INCLIVA, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Av. Blasco Ibáñez 17, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - Eva Mateo
- Microbiology Service, Fundación INCLIVA, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Av. Blasco Ibáñez 17, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - Rosa Oltra
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Fundación INCLIVA, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Valencia, Spain
| | - Estela Giménez
- Microbiology Service, Fundación INCLIVA, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Av. Blasco Ibáñez 17, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - Eliseo Albert
- Microbiology Service, Fundación INCLIVA, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Av. Blasco Ibáñez 17, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ignacio Torres
- Microbiology Service, Fundación INCLIVA, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Av. Blasco Ibáñez 17, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - David Navarro
- Microbiology Service, Fundación INCLIVA, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Av. Blasco Ibáñez 17, 46010, Valencia, Spain.
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, Av. Blasco Ibáñez 17, 46010, Valencia, Spain.
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Low Serum Trough Concentrations and High Vancomycin Minimum Inhibitory Concentration in Methicillin-Sensitive Staphylococcus aureus From Hemodialysis Patients in Brazil. Ther Drug Monit 2019; 41:38-43. [DOI: 10.1097/ftd.0000000000000581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Effects of Phage Endolysin SAL200 Combined with Antibiotics on Staphylococcus aureus Infection. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2018; 62:AAC.00731-18. [PMID: 30038042 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00731-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Phages and their derivatives are increasingly being reconsidered for use in the treatment of bacterial infections due to the rising rates of antibiotic resistance. We assessed the antistaphylococcal effect of the endolysin SAL200 in combination with standard-of-care (SOC) antibiotics. The activity of SAL200 when it was combined with SOC antibiotics was assessed in vitro by checkerboard and time-kill assays and in vivo with murine bacteremia and Galleria mellonella infection models. SAL200 reduced the SOC antibiotic MICs and showed a ≥3-log10-CFU/ml reduction of Staphylococcus aureus counts within 30 min in time-kill assays. Combinations of SAL200 and SOC antibiotics achieved a sustained decrease of >2 log10 CFU/ml. SAL200 significantly lowered the blood bacterial density within 1 h by >1 log10 CFU/ml in bacteremic mice (P < 0.05 versus untreated mice), and SAL200 and SOC antibiotic combinations achieved the lowest levels of bacteremia. The bacterial density in splenic tissue at 72 h postinfection was the lowest in mice treated with SAL200 and SOC antibiotic combinations. SAL200 combined with SOC antibiotics also improved Galleria mellonella larva survival at 96 h postinfection. The combination of the phage endolysin SAL200 with SOC antistaphylococcal antibiotics showed synergistic effects in vitro and in vivo The combination of SAL200 with SOC antibiotics could help in the treatment of difficult-to-treat S. aureus infections.
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Follmann D, Brittain E, Lumbard K. Half blind superiority tests for clinical trials of anti-infective drugs. Stat Med 2018; 38:31-43. [PMID: 30203497 DOI: 10.1002/sim.7954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This paper introduces a test of superiority of new anti-infective drug B over comparator drug A based on a randomized clinical trial. This test can be used to demonstrate assay (trial) sensitivity for noninferiority trials and rigorously tailor drug choice for individual patients. Our approach uses specialized baseline covariates XA ,XB , which should predict the benefits of drug A and drug B, respectively. Using a response surface model for the treatment effect, we test for superiority at the (XA ,XB ) point that is most likely to show superiority. We identify this point based on estimates from a novel half-blind pseudo likelihood, where we augment a blinded likelihood (mixed over the treatment indicator) with likelihoods for the overall success rates for drug A and drug B (mixed over XA ,XB ). The augmentation results in much better estimates than those based on the mixed blinded likelihood alone but, interestingly, the estimates almost behave as if they were based on fully blinded data. We also develop an analogous univariate method using XA for settings where XB has little variation. Permutation methods are used for testing. If the "half-blind" test rejects, pointwise confidence interval can be used to identify patients who would benefit from drug B. We compare the new tests to other methods with an example and via simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dean Follmann
- Biostatistics Research Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 5601 Fishers Lane Room 4C11, Rockville, Maryland, 20852
| | - Erica Brittain
- Biostatistics Research Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 5601 Fishers Lane Room 4C11, Rockville, Maryland, 20852
| | - Keith Lumbard
- Clinical Research Directorate/Clinical Monitoring Research Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., NCI Campus at Frederick, Frederick, Maryland, 21702
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38
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Guérillot R, Li L, Baines S, Howden B, Schultz MB, Seemann T, Monk I, Pidot SJ, Gao W, Giulieri S, Gonçalves da Silva A, D’Agata A, Tomita T, Peleg AY, Stinear TP, Howden BP. Comprehensive antibiotic-linked mutation assessment by resistance mutation sequencing (RM-seq). Genome Med 2018; 10:63. [PMID: 30165908 PMCID: PMC6117896 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-018-0572-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutation acquisition is a major mechanism of bacterial antibiotic resistance that remains insufficiently characterised. Here we present RM-seq, a new amplicon-based deep sequencing workflow based on a molecular barcoding technique adapted from Low Error Amplicon sequencing (LEA-seq). RM-seq allows detection and functional assessment of mutational resistance at high throughput from mixed bacterial populations. The sensitive detection of very low-frequency resistant sub-populations permits characterisation of antibiotic-linked mutational repertoires in vitro and detection of rare resistant populations during infections. Accurate quantification of resistance mutations enables phenotypic screening of mutations conferring pleiotropic phenotypes such as in vivo persistence, collateral sensitivity or cross-resistance. RM-seq will facilitate comprehensive detection, characterisation and surveillance of resistant bacterial populations ( https://github.com/rguerillot/RM-seq ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Guérillot
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Doherty Institute for Infection & Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria Australia
| | - Lucy Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Doherty Institute for Infection & Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria Australia
| | - Sarah Baines
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Doherty Institute for Infection & Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria Australia
| | - Brian Howden
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Doherty Institute for Infection & Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria Australia
| | - Mark B. Schultz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Doherty Institute for Infection & Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria Australia
- Doherty Applied Microbial Genomics, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection & Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria Australia
- Microbiological Diagnostic Unit Public Health Laboratory, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection & Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria Australia
| | - Torsten Seemann
- Doherty Applied Microbial Genomics, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection & Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria Australia
- Melbourne Bioinformatics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria Australia
| | - Ian Monk
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Doherty Institute for Infection & Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria Australia
| | - Sacha J. Pidot
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Doherty Institute for Infection & Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria Australia
| | - Wei Gao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Doherty Institute for Infection & Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria Australia
| | - Stefano Giulieri
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Doherty Institute for Infection & Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria Australia
| | - Anders Gonçalves da Silva
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Doherty Institute for Infection & Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria Australia
- Doherty Applied Microbial Genomics, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection & Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria Australia
- Microbiological Diagnostic Unit Public Health Laboratory, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection & Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria Australia
| | - Anthony D’Agata
- Microbiological Diagnostic Unit Public Health Laboratory, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection & Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria Australia
| | - Takehiro Tomita
- Microbiological Diagnostic Unit Public Health Laboratory, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection & Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria Australia
| | - Anton Y. Peleg
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Alfred Hospital and Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria Australia
- Infection and Immunity Theme, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria Australia
| | - Timothy P. Stinear
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Doherty Institute for Infection & Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria Australia
- Doherty Applied Microbial Genomics, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection & Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria Australia
| | - Benjamin P. Howden
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Doherty Institute for Infection & Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria Australia
- Doherty Applied Microbial Genomics, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection & Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria Australia
- Microbiological Diagnostic Unit Public Health Laboratory, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection & Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria Australia
- Infectious Diseases Department, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria Australia
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39
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Giulieri SG, Baines SL, Guerillot R, Seemann T, Gonçalves da Silva A, Schultz M, Massey RC, Holmes NE, Stinear TP, Howden BP. Genomic exploration of sequential clinical isolates reveals a distinctive molecular signature of persistent Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia. Genome Med 2018; 10:65. [PMID: 30103826 PMCID: PMC6090636 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-018-0574-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Large-scale genomic studies of within-host diversity in Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia (SAB) are needed to understanding bacterial adaptation underlying persistence and thus refining the role of genomics in management of SAB. However, available comparative genomic studies of sequential SAB isolates have tended to focus on selected cases of unusually prolonged bacteraemia, where secondary antimicrobial resistance has developed. METHODS To understand bacterial genetic diversity during SAB more broadly, we applied whole genome sequencing to a large collection of sequential isolates obtained from patients with persistent or relapsing bacteraemia. After excluding genetically unrelated isolates, we performed an in-depth genomic analysis of point mutations and chromosome structural variants arising within individual SAB episodes. RESULTS We show that, while adaptation pathways are heterogenous and episode-specific, isolates from persistent bacteraemia have a distinctive molecular signature, characterised by a low mutation frequency and high proportion of non-silent mutations. Analysis of structural genomic variants revealed that these often overlooked genetic events are commonly acquired during SAB. We discovered that IS256 insertion may represent the most effective driver of within-host microevolution in selected lineages, with up to three new insertion events per isolate even in the absence of other mutations. Genetic mechanisms resulting in significant phenotypic changes, such as increases in vancomycin resistance, development of small colony phenotypes, and decreases in cytotoxicity, included mutations in key genes (rpoB, stp, agrA) and an IS256 insertion upstream of the walKR operon. CONCLUSIONS This study provides for the first time a large-scale analysis of within-host genomic changes during invasive S. aureus infection and describes specific patterns of adaptation that will be informative for both understanding S. aureus pathoadaptation and utilising genomics for management of complicated S. aureus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano G Giulieri
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Doherty Institute for Infection & Immunity, Melbourne, Australia.,Infectious Disease Department, Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia.,Infectious Diseases Service, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sarah L Baines
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Doherty Institute for Infection & Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Romain Guerillot
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Doherty Institute for Infection & Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Torsten Seemann
- Microbiological Diagnostic Unit Public Health Laboratory, The University of Melbourne at The Doherty Institute of Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia.,Melbourne Bioinformatics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Anders Gonçalves da Silva
- Microbiological Diagnostic Unit Public Health Laboratory, The University of Melbourne at The Doherty Institute of Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Mark Schultz
- Microbiological Diagnostic Unit Public Health Laboratory, The University of Melbourne at The Doherty Institute of Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ruth C Massey
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Natasha E Holmes
- Infectious Disease Department, Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Timothy P Stinear
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Doherty Institute for Infection & Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Benjamin P Howden
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Doherty Institute for Infection & Immunity, Melbourne, Australia. .,Infectious Disease Department, Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia. .,Microbiological Diagnostic Unit Public Health Laboratory, The University of Melbourne at The Doherty Institute of Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia.
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Abstract
IMPORTANCE Infective endocarditis occurs in approximately 15 of 100 000 people in the United States and has increased in incidence. Clinicians must make treatment decisions with respect to prophylaxis, surgical management, specific antibiotics, and the length of treatment in the setting of emerging, sometimes inconclusive clinical research findings. OBSERVATIONS Community-associated infective endocarditis remains the predominant form of the disease; however, health care accounts for one-third of cases in high-income countries. As medical interventions are increasingly performed on older patients, the disease incidence from cardiac implanted electronic devices is also increasing. In addition, younger patients involved with intravenous drug use has increased in the past decade and with it the proportion of US hospitalization has increased to more than 10%. These epidemiological factors have led to Staphylococcus aureus being the most common cause in high-income countries, accounting for up to 40% of cases. The mainstays of diagnosis are still echocardiography and blood cultures. Adjunctive imaging such as cardiac computed tomographic and nuclear imaging can improve the sensitivity for diagnosis when echocardiography is not conclusive. Serological studies, histopathology, and polymerase chain reaction assays have distinct roles in the diagnosis of infective endocarditis when blood culture have tested negative with the highest yield obtained from serological studies. Increasing antibiotic resistance, particularly to S aureus, has led to a need for different antibiotic treatment options such as newer antibiotics and combination therapy regimens. Surgery can confer a survival benefit to patients with major complications; however, the decision to pursue surgery must balance the risks and benefits of operations in these frequently high-risk patients. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE The epidemiology and management of infective endocarditis are continually changing. Guidelines provide specific recommendations about management; however, careful attention to individual patient characteristics, pathogen, and risk of sequela must be considered when making therapeutic decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Wang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Jeffrey G Gaca
- Division of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Vivian H Chu
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
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41
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Yang CC, Sy CL, Huang YC, Shie SS, Shu JC, Hsieh PH, Hsiao CH, Chen CJ. Risk factors of treatment failure and 30-day mortality in patients with bacteremia due to MRSA with reduced vancomycin susceptibility. Sci Rep 2018; 8:7868. [PMID: 29777150 PMCID: PMC5959888 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-26277-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteremia caused by MRSA with reduced vancomycin susceptibility (MRSA-RVS) frequently resulted in treatment failure and mortality. The relation of bacterial factors and unfavorable outcomes remains controversial. We retrospectively reviewed clinical data of patients with bacteremia caused by MRSA with vancomycin MIC = 2 mg/L from 2009 to 2012. The significance of bacterial genotypes, agr function and heterogeneous vancomycin-intermediate S. aureus (hIVSA) phenotype in predicting outcomes were determined after clinical covariates adjustment with multivariate analysis. A total of 147 patients with mean age of 63.5 (±18.1) years were included. Seventy-nine (53.7%) patients failed treatment. Forty-seven (31.9%) patients died within 30 days of onset of MRSA bacteremia. The Charlson index, Pitt bacteremia score and definitive antibiotic regimen were independent factors significantly associated with either treatment failure or mortality. The hVISA phenotype was a potential risk factor predicting treatment failure (adjusted odds ratio 2.420, 95% confidence interval 0.946–6.191, P = 0.0652). No bacterial factors were significantly associated with 30-day mortality. In conclusion, the comorbidities, disease severity and antibiotic regimen remained the most relevant factors predicting treatment failure and 30-day mortality in patients with MRSA-RVS bacteremia. hIVSA phenotype was the only bacterial factor potentially associated with unfavorable outcome in this cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Chang Yang
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, 333, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, 333, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Len Sy
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yhu-Chering Huang
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, 333, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, 333, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Shian-Sen Shie
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, 333, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, 333, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Jwu-Ching Shu
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, 333, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Pang-Hsin Hsieh
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, 333, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, 333, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Hsi Hsiao
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, 333, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, 333, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Jung Chen
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, 333, Taoyuan, Taiwan. .,Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, 333, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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42
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Bouiller K, Laborde C, Aho SL, Hocquet D, Pechinot A, Le Moing V, Bertrand X, Piroth L, Chirouze C. No effect of vancomycin MIC ≥ 1.5 mg/L on treatment outcome in methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2018; 51:721-726. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2017.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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43
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Association of Vancomycin MIC and Molecular Characteristics with Clinical Outcomes in Methicillin-Susceptible Staphylococcus aureus Acute Hematogenous Osteoarticular Infections in Children. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2018. [PMID: 29530845 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00084-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Strains of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), particularly those belonging to the USA300 pulsotype, have been well described to cause severe osteoarticular infections (OAIs). A vancomycin MIC of ≥1.5 μg/ml has been demonstrated to contribute to disease severity in adults with MRSA and even methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) bacteremia. Little data exist describing the outcomes of MSSA OAIs in terms of molecular characteristics and vancomycin MIC. All patients/isolates were chosen from a surveillance study at Texas Children's Hospital (TCH). S. aureus OAI isolates were identified from 2011 to 2016 and subjected to vancomycin Etests, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), and PCR to determine Panton-Valentine leucocidin (PVL) production and agr group. Two hundred fifty-two cases of S. aureus OAI were identified; 183 cases were MSSA (72.6%). During the study period, a decrease in the proportion of cases secondary to MRSA was observed, declining from 37.8% to 15.9% (P = 0.02). Of the MSSA isolates, 26.2% and 23.5% were USA300 and PVL positive, respectively. An increase in the proportion of MSSA isolates with a vancomycin MIC of ≥1.5 μg/ml occurred in the study period (P = 0.004). In MSSA, an elevated vancomycin MIC was associated with multiple surgical procedures and venous thromboses, even when adjusting for empirical β-lactam use. An increase in vancomycin MIC was noted among isolates belonging to agr group 4 during the study period. Methicillin resistance is declining among S. aureus OAI isolates at TCH. Simultaneously, vancomycin Etest MICs are increasing among MSSA isolates. Vancomycin MICs of ≥2 μg/ml are associated with adverse clinical outcomes in MSSA irrespective of antibiotic choice, suggesting that this may be a surrogate for organism virulence.
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Vancomycin and daptomycin minimum inhibitory concentrations as a predictor of outcome of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2018; 14:141-144. [PMID: 29601996 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2018.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to determine the persistence of the adverse prognostic effect of elevated vancomycin minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bacteraemia in a setting with low vancomycin use. METHODS A retrospective study focusing on episodes of bacteraemia due to MRSA diagnosed from January 2010 through December 2015 was designed. The main outcome measures were 30-day mortality and treatment failure. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify variables associated with patient mortality and treatment outcome. RESULTS In total, 79 MRSA bacteraemia episodes were included. The vancomycin MIC was >1.0μg/mL in 53 episodes (67.1%). The presence of high vancomycin MIC was not associated with a higher mortality rate or treatment success. A daptomycin MIC≥0.5μg/mL was present in 16 (26.2%) of 61 episodes for which the daptomycin MIC was obtained and was associated with 30-day mortality in the multivariate analysis (odds ratio=4.72, 95% confidence interval 1.19-18.71). None of the antimicrobials used were associated with a lower risk of treatment failure or mortality. CONCLUSIONS The pernicious effect of high vancomycin MIC disappears in the absence of a predominant use of this antibiotic. However, a high daptomycin MIC in MRSA bacteraemia is associated with higher mortality in patients with bacteraemia, irrespective of antimicrobial treatment choice.
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Clifford RJ, Chukwuma U, Sparks ME, Richesson D, Neumann CV, Waterman PE, Moran-Gilad J, Julius MD, Hinkle MK, Lesho EP. Semi-Automated Visualization and ANalysis of Trends: A "SAVANT" for Facilitating Antimicrobial Stewardship Using Antistaphylococcal Resistance and Consumption as a Prototype. Open Forum Infect Dis 2018; 5:ofy066. [PMID: 30568986 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofy066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Governments and health care regulators now require hospitals and nursing homes to establish programs to monitor and report antimicrobial consumption and resistance. However, additional resources were not provided. We sought to develop an approach for monitoring antimicrobial resistance and consumption that health care systems can implement with minimal added costs or modifications to existing diagnostic and informatics infrastructure. Methods Using (1) the electronic laboratory information system of a nationwide managed care network, (2) the 3 most widely used commercial microbiology diagnostic platforms, and (3) Staphylococcus aureus, one of the most common causes of infections worldwide, as a prototype, we validated the approach dubbed "SAVANT" for Semi-Automated Visualization and ANalysis of Trends. SAVANT leverages 3 analytical methods (time series analysis, the autoregressive integrated moving average, and generalized linear regression) on either commercial or open source software to report trends in antistaphylococcal use and resistance. Results All laboratory results from January 2010 through December 2015 from an annual average of 9.2 million health care beneficiaries were queried. Inpatient and outpatient prescription rates were calculated for 8 key antistaphylococcal compounds. Trends and relationships of antistaphylococcal consumption and resistance among 81 840 unique S. aureus isolates from >6.5 million cultures were revealed. Conclusions Using existing or freely available resources, SAVANT was successfully implemented across a complex and geographically dispersed 280-hospital network, bridging a critical gap between medical informatics, large-scale data analytics, and mandatory reporting of health care quality metrics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Clifford
- Multidrug-Resistant Organism Repository and Surveillance Network, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Uzo Chukwuma
- EpiData Center Department, Navy and Marine Corps Public Health Center, Portsmouth, Virginia
| | - Michael E Sparks
- Multidrug-Resistant Organism Repository and Surveillance Network, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Douglas Richesson
- Multidrug-Resistant Organism Repository and Surveillance Network, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Charlotte V Neumann
- EpiData Center Department, Navy and Marine Corps Public Health Center, Portsmouth, Virginia
| | - Paige E Waterman
- Global Emerging Infections Surveillance, Armed Forces Health Surveillance Center, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Jacob Moran-Gilad
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Michael D Julius
- Multidrug-Resistant Organism Repository and Surveillance Network, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Mary K Hinkle
- Multidrug-Resistant Organism Repository and Surveillance Network, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Emil P Lesho
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Rochester Regional Health, Rochester, New York
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Holmes NE, Robinson JO, van Hal SJ, Munckhof WJ, Athan E, Korman TM, Cheng AC, Turnidge JD, Johnson PDR, Howden BP. Morbidity from in-hospital complications is greater than treatment failure in patients with Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia. BMC Infect Dis 2018; 18:107. [PMID: 29506483 PMCID: PMC5838938 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-018-3011-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Various studies have identified numerous factors associated with poor clinical outcomes in patients with Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia (SAB). A new study was created to provide deeper insight into in-hospital complications and risk factors for treatment failure. METHODS Adult patients hospitalised with Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia (SAB) were recruited prospectively into a multi-centre cohort. The primary outcome was treatment failure at 30 days (composite of all-cause mortality, persistent bacteraemia, or recurrent bacteraemia), and secondary measures included in-hospital complications and mortality at 6- and 12-months. Data were available for 222 patients recruited from February 2011 to December 2012. RESULTS Treatment failure at 30-days was recorded in 14.4% of patients (30-day mortality 9.5%). Multivariable analysis predictors of treatment failure included age > 70 years, Pitt bacteraemia score ≥ 2, CRP at onset of SAB > 250 mg/L, and persistent fevers after SAB onset; serum albumin at onset of SAB, receipt of appropriate empiric treatment, recent healthcare attendance, and performing echocardiography were protective. 6-month and 12-month mortality were 19.1% and 24.2% respectively. 45% experienced at least one in-hospital complication, including nephrotoxicity in 19.5%. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates significant improvements in 30-day outcomes in SAB in Australia. However, we have identified important areas to improve outcomes from SAB, particularly reducing renal dysfunction and in-hospital treatment-related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha E Holmes
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Austin Health, Austin Centre for Infection Research, PO Box 5555, Heidelberg, VIC, 3084, Australia. .,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - J Owen Robinson
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, PathWest Laboratory Medicine-WA, Royal Perth Hospital, 197 Wellington Street, Perth, WA, 6000, Australia.,Australian Collaborating Centre for Enterococcus and Staphylococcus Species (ACCESS) Typing and Research, School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Sebastiaan J van Hal
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Missenden Road, Camperdown, NSW, 2050, Australia.,Department of Medicine, University of Western Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Wendy J Munckhof
- Infection Management Services, Princess Alexandra Hospital, 199 Ipswich Road, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia.,Department of Medicine, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Eugene Athan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Geelong, Barwon Health, Bellerine Street, Geelong, VIC, 3220, Australia.,Department of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Tony M Korman
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Monash Health, 246 Clayton Road, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia.,Department of Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Allen C Cheng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Alfred Hospital, 55 Commercial Road, Prahran, VIC, 3181, Australia.,Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Prahran, VIC, Australia
| | - John D Turnidge
- Australian Commission on Safety and Quality in Health Care, Level 5, 255 Elizabeth Street, Sydney, NSW, 2000, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Paul D R Johnson
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Austin Health, Austin Centre for Infection Research, PO Box 5555, Heidelberg, VIC, 3084, Australia.,Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Benjamin P Howden
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Austin Health, Austin Centre for Infection Research, PO Box 5555, Heidelberg, VIC, 3084, Australia.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Microbiological Diagnostic Unit, Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, 792 Elizabeth Street, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
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Extensively drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii bacteraemia in a multidisciplinary intensive care unit during a 6-year period: Risk factors for fulminant sepsis. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2018; 14:51-57. [PMID: 29471109 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2018.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to determine potential host-, pathogen-, infection- and treatment-related risk factors that might predict a fulminant fatal course of bacteraemia caused by extensively drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (XDR-Aba). METHODS Eighty-seven patients with monomicrobial growth of XDR-Aba in blood cultures within a 6-year period (2011-2016) were studied. Patients were divided into three groups according to ICU outcome: Group A (n=40) consisted of patients who survived; Group B (n=10) included patients with fulminant sepsis who died early (≤48h); and Group C (n=37) included patients who died later (>48h) after the onset of bacteraemia. RESULTS Regarding patient co-morbidities, patients who died from fulminant XDR-Aba bacteraemia had a significantly higher prevalence of chronic renal failure compared with patients who survived (40.0% vs. 7.5%; P=0.029). Patients with fulminant sepsis showed more severe organ dysfunction based on SOFA score compared with survivors (10.83±2.93 vs. 6.65±3.6; P=0.013). The primary to secondary bacteraemia ratio and appropriate treatment were similar among the three outcome groups. Patients with fulminant bacteraemia displayed higher rates of colistin-, tigecycline- and pandrug-resistant strains, although not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS Patients suffering from a fulminant course of XDR-Aba bacteraemia showed significantly higher rates of chronic renal failure and multiple organ dysfunction. Resistance patterns of XDR-Aba isolates and receipt of appropriate treatment did not affect outcomes. Further studies including larger samples of patients along with investigation of specific virulence determinants of individual Aba strains are needed.
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Topical Antibiotic Use Coselects for the Carriage of Mobile Genetic Elements Conferring Resistance to Unrelated Antimicrobials in Staphylococcus aureus. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2018; 62:AAC.02000-17. [PMID: 29229636 PMCID: PMC5786761 DOI: 10.1128/aac.02000-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Topical antibiotics, such as mupirocin and fusidic acid, are commonly used in the prevention and treatment of skin infections, particularly those caused by staphylococci. However, the widespread use of these agents is associated with increased resistance to these agents, potentially limiting their efficacy. Of particular concern is the observation that resistance to topical antibiotics is often associated with multidrug resistance, suggesting that topical antibiotics may play a role in the emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains. New Zealand (NZ) has some of the highest globally recorded rates of topical antibiotic usage and resistance. Using a combination of Pacific Biosciences single-molecule real-time (SMRT) whole-genome sequencing, Illumina short-read sequencing, and Bayesian phylogenomic modeling on 118 new multilocus sequence type 1 (ST1) community Staphylococcus aureus isolates from New Zealand and 61 publically available international ST1 genome sequences, we demonstrate a strong correlation between the clinical introduction of topical antibiotics and the emergence of MDR ST1 S. aureus We also provide in vitro experimental evidence showing that exposure to topical antibiotics can lead to the rapid selection of MDR S. aureus isolates carrying plasmids that confer resistance to multiple unrelated antibiotics, from within a mixed population of competitor strains. These findings have important implications regarding the impact of the indiscriminate use of topical antibiotics.
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Convergent Evolution Driven by Rifampin Exacerbates the Global Burden of Drug-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus. mSphere 2018; 3:mSphere00550-17. [PMID: 29404415 PMCID: PMC5784246 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00550-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the beta-subunit of bacterial RNA polymerase (RpoB) cause resistance to rifampin (Rifr), a critical antibiotic for treatment of multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. In vitro studies have shown that RpoB mutations confer decreased susceptibility to other antibiotics, but the clinical relevance is unknown. Here, by analyzing 7,099 S. aureus genomes, we demonstrate that the most prevalent RpoB mutations promote clinically relevant phenotypic plasticity resulting in the emergence of stable S. aureus lineages, associated with increased risk of therapeutic failure through generation of small-colony variants (SCVs) and coresistance to last-line antimicrobial agents. We found eight RpoB mutations that accounted for 93% (469/505) of the total number of Rifr mutations. The most frequently selected amino acid substitutions affecting residue 481 (H481N/Y) were associated with worldwide expansions of Rifr clones spanning decades. Recreating the H481N/Y mutations confirmed no impact on S. aureus growth, but the H481N mutation promoted the emergence of a subpopulation of stable Rifr SCVs with reduced susceptibility to vancomycin and daptomycin. Recreating the other frequent RpoB mutations showed similar impacts on resistance to these last-line agents. We found that 86% of all Rifr isolates in our global sample carried the mutations promoting cross-resistance to vancomycin and 52% to both vancomycin and daptomycin. As four of the most frequent RpoB mutations confer only low-level Rifr, equal to or below some international breakpoints, we recommend decreasing these breakpoints and reconsidering the appropriate use of rifampin to reduce the fixation and spread of these clinically deleterious mutations. IMPORTANCE Increasing antibiotic resistance in the major human pathogen Staphylococcus aureus is threatening the ability to treat patients with these infections. Recent laboratory studies suggest that mutations in the gene commonly associated with rifampin resistance may also impact susceptibility to other last-line antibiotics in S. aureus; however, the overall frequency and clinical impact of these mutations are unknown. By mining a global collection of clinical S. aureus genomes and by mutagenesis experiments, this work reveals that common rifampin-induced rpoB mutations promote phenotypic plasticity that has led to the global emergence of stable, multidrug-resistant S. aureus lineages that are associated with increased risk of therapeutic failure through coresistance to other last-line antimicrobials. We recommend decreasing susceptibility breakpoints for rifampin to allow phenotypic detection of critical rpoB mutations conferring low resistance to rifampin and reconsidering the appropriate use of rifampin to reduce the fixation and spread of these deleterious mutations globally.
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Rose WE, Shukla SK, Berti AD, Hayney MS, Henriquez KM, Ranzoni A, Cooper MA, Proctor RA, Nizet V, Sakoulas G. Increased Endovascular Staphylococcus aureus Inoculum Is the Link Between Elevated Serum Interleukin 10 Concentrations and Mortality in Patients With Bacteremia. Clin Infect Dis 2018; 64:1406-1412. [PMID: 28205673 DOI: 10.1093/cid/cix157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cell wall peptidoglycan stimulates interleukin 10 (IL-10) production in Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia (SaB) animal models, but clinical data are not available. This study evaluates the impact of intravascular bacterial cell numbers (ie, the level of bacteremia), in patients at the time of clinical presentation on IL-10 production and its association with S. aureus bacteremia (SaB) mortality. Methods Blood and isolates were collected in 133 consecutive SaB patients. Serum IL-10 was quantified by an electrochemoluminescence assay. Bacterial inoculum was measured in patient sera with elevated (n = 8) or low (n = 8) IL-10 using a magnetic bacterial capture assay. Staphylococcus aureus from these 2 groups were introduced into whole blood ex vivo to determine IL-10 production with variable inocula. Results IL-10 serum concentration was higher in SaB patient mortality (n = 27) vs survival (n = 106) (median, 36.0 pg/mL vs 10.4 pg/mL, respectively, P < .001). Patients with elevated IL-10 more often had endovascular SaB sources. The inoculum level of SaB was higher in patients with elevated serum IL-10 vs patients with low IL-10 (35.5 vs 0.5 median CFU/mL; P = .044). Ex vivo studies showed that 108 CFU/mL yielded greater IL-10 than did 103 CFU/mL (4.4 ± 1.8 vs 1.0 ± 0.6 pg/mL; P < .01). Conclusions Elevated IL-10 serum concentrations at clinical presentation of SaB were highly associated with mortality. High intravascular peptidoglycan concentration, driven by a higher level of bacteremia, is a key mediator of IL-10 anti-inflammatory response that portends poor clinical outcome. Using IL-10 as an initial biomarker, clinicians may consider more aggressive antimicrobials for rapid bacterial load reduction in high-risk SaB patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Warren E Rose
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, and
| | | | - Andrew D Berti
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, and
| | - Mary S Hayney
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, and
| | | | - Andrea Ranzoni
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Matthew A Cooper
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Richard A Proctor
- Departments of Medicine and Medical Microbiology/Immunology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, and
| | - Victor Nizet
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla
| | - George Sakoulas
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla
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