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Romero-Martín L, Tarrés-Freixas F, Pedreño-López N, de la Concepción MLR, Cunyat F, Hartigan-O'Connor D, Carrillo J, Mothe B, Blanco J, Ruiz-Riol M, Brander C, Olvera A. T-Follicular-Like CD8 + T Cell Responses in Chronic HIV Infection Are Associated With Virus Control and Antibody Isotype Switching to IgG. Front Immunol 2022; 13:928039. [PMID: 35784304 PMCID: PMC9241491 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.928039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
T cell responses are considered critical for the in vivo control of HIV, but the contribution of different T cell subsets to this control remains unclear. Using a boosted flow cytometric approach that is able to differentiate CD4+ and CD8+ T cell Th1/Tc1, Th2/Tc2, Th17/Tc17, Treg and Tfh/Tfc-like HIV-specific T cell populations, we identified CD8+ Tfc responses that were related to HIV plasma viral loads and associated with rate of antibody isotype class switching to IgG. This favorable balance towards IgG responses positively correlated with increased virus neutralization, higher avidity of neutralizing antibodies and more potent antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity (ADCC) in PBMCs from HIV controllers compared to non-controllers. Our results identified the CD8+ Tfc-like T-cell response as a component of effective virus control which could possibly be exploited therapeutically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Romero-Martín
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Institute for Health Science Research Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
- Departament de Biologia Cellular, de Fisiologia i d’Immunologia, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Valles, Spain
| | - Ferran Tarrés-Freixas
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Institute for Health Science Research Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
| | - Núria Pedreño-López
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Institute for Health Science Research Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
| | - Maria L. Rodríguez de la Concepción
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Institute for Health Science Research Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
| | - Francesc Cunyat
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Institute for Health Science Research Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
| | - Dennis Hartigan-O'Connor
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
- Division of Experimental Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Jorge Carrillo
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Institute for Health Science Research Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
- CIBERINFEC, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Instituto de salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Mothe
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Institute for Health Science Research Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
- CIBERINFEC, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Instituto de salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia (UVic-UCC), Vic, Spain
- Fundació Lluita contra la Sida, Infectious Disease Department, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - Julià Blanco
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Institute for Health Science Research Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
- CIBERINFEC, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Instituto de salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia (UVic-UCC), Vic, Spain
| | - Marta Ruiz-Riol
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Institute for Health Science Research Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
- CIBERINFEC, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Instituto de salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Christian Brander
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Institute for Health Science Research Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
- CIBERINFEC, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Instituto de salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
- AELIX Therapeutics, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alex Olvera
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Institute for Health Science Research Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
- CIBERINFEC, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Instituto de salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia (UVic-UCC), Vic, Spain
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2
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Kilpeläinen A, Jimenez-Moyano E, Blanch-Lombarte O, Ouchi D, Peña R, Quirant-Sanchez B, Perez-Caballero R, Chamorro A, Blanco I, Martínez-Caceres E, Paredes R, Mateu L, Carrillo J, Blanco J, Brander C, Massanella M, Clotet B, Prado JG. Skewed Cellular Distribution and Low Activation of Functional T-Cell Responses in SARS-CoV-2 Non-Seroconvertors. Front Immunol 2022; 13:815041. [PMID: 35619701 PMCID: PMC9128381 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.815041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of T cells in the control of SARS-CoV-2 infection has been underestimated in favor of neutralizing antibodies. However, cellular immunity is essential for long-term viral control and protection from disease severity. To understand T-cell immunity in the absence of antibody generation we focused on a group of SARS-CoV-2 Non-Seroconvertors (NSC) recovered from infection. We performed an immune comparative analysis of SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals stratified by the absence or presence of seroconversion and disease severity. We report high levels of total naïve and low effector CD8+ T cells in NSC. Moreover, reduced levels of T-cell activation monitored by PD-1 and activation-induced markers were observed in the context of functional SARS-CoV-2 T-cell responses. Longitudinal data indicate the stability of the NSC phenotype over three months of follow-up after infection. Together, these data characterized distinctive immunological traits in NSC including skewed cellular distribution, low activation and functional SARS-CoV-2 T-cell responses. This data highlights the value of T-cell immune monitoring in populations with low seroconversion rates in response to SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athina Kilpeläinen
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Badalona, Spain.,Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
| | | | | | - Dan Ouchi
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Badalona, Spain
| | - Ruth Peña
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Badalona, Spain
| | - Bibiana Quirant-Sanchez
- Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Badalona, Spain.,Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain.,Immunology Department, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | | | - Anna Chamorro
- Lluita contra la SIDA Foundation, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - Ignacio Blanco
- Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Badalona, Spain.,Clinical Genetics and Genetic Counseling Program, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - Eva Martínez-Caceres
- Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Badalona, Spain.,Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain.,Immunology Department, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - Roger Paredes
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Badalona, Spain.,Lluita contra la SIDA Foundation, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain.,Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain.,University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia (UVic-UCC), Vic, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Lourdes Mateu
- Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain.,University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia (UVic-UCC), Vic, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Jorge Carrillo
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Badalona, Spain.,Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Badalona, Spain.,CIBERINFEC, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Julià Blanco
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Badalona, Spain.,Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Badalona, Spain.,CIBERINFEC, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.,University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia (UVic-UCC), Vic, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Christian Brander
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Badalona, Spain.,Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Badalona, Spain.,CIBERINFEC, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.,ICREA, Barcelona, Spain.,University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia (UVic-UCC), Vic, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Marta Massanella
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Badalona, Spain.,Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Badalona, Spain.,CIBERINFEC, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Bonaventura Clotet
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Badalona, Spain.,Lluita contra la SIDA Foundation, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain.,Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain.,University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia (UVic-UCC), Vic, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Julia G Prado
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Badalona, Spain.,Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Badalona, Spain.,CIBERINFEC, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
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3
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Transient Increases in Inflammation and Proapoptotic Potential Are Associated with the HESN Phenotype Observed in a Subgroup of Kenyan Female Sex Workers. Viruses 2022; 14:v14030471. [PMID: 35336878 PMCID: PMC8948937 DOI: 10.3390/v14030471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Interferon (IFN) -stimulated genes (ISGs) are critical effectors of IFN response to viral infection, but whether ISG expression is a correlate of protection against HIV infection remains elusive. A well-characterized subcohort of Kenyan female sex workers, who, despite being repeatedly exposed to HIV-1 remain seronegative (HESN), exhibit reduced baseline systemic and mucosal immune activation. This study tested the hypothesis that regulation of ISGs in the cells of HESN potentiates a robust antiviral response against HIV. Transcriptional profile of a panel of ISGs with antiviral function in PBMC and isolated CD4+ T cells from HESN and non-HESN sex worker controls were defined following exogenous IFN-stimulation using relative RT-qPCR. This study identified a unique profile of proinflammatory and proapoptotic ISGs with robust but transient responses to exogenous IFN-γ and IFN-α2 in HESN cells. In contrast, the non-HESN cells had a strong and prolonged proinflammatory ISG profile at baseline and following IFN challenge. Potential mechanisms may include augmented bystander apoptosis due to increased TRAIL expression (16-fold), in non-HESN cells. The study also identified two negative regulators of ISG induction associated with the HESN phenotype. Robust upregulation of SOCS-1 and IRF-1, in addition to HDM2, could contribute to the strict regulation of proinflammatory and proapoptotic ISGs in HESN cells. As reducing IRF-1 in the non-HESN cells resulted in the identified HESN ISG profile, and decreased HIV susceptibility, the unique HESN ISG profile could be a correlate of protection against HIV infection.
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4
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Oriol-Tordera B, Olvera A, Duran-Castells C, Llano A, Mothe B, Massanella M, Dalmau J, Ganoza C, Sanchez J, Calle ML, Clotet B, Martinez-Picado J, Negredo E, Blanco J, Hartigan-O'Connor D, Brander C, Ruiz-Riol M. TL1A-DR3 Plasma Levels Are Predictive of HIV-1 Disease Control, and DR3 Costimulation Boosts HIV-1-Specific T Cell Responses. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2020; 205:3348-3357. [PMID: 33177161 PMCID: PMC7725879 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Relative control of HIV-1 infection has been linked to genetic and immune host factors. In this study, we analyzed 96 plasma proteome arrays from chronic untreated HIV-1-infected individuals using the classificatory random forest approach to discriminate between uncontrolled disease (plasma viral load [pVL] >50,000 RNA copies/ml; CD4 counts 283 cells/mm3, n = 47) and relatively controlled disease (pVL <10,000 RNA copies/ml; CD4 counts 657 cells/mm3, n = 49). Our analysis highlighted the TNF molecule's relevance, in particular, TL1A (TNFSF15) and its cognate DR3 (TNFSRF25), both of which increased in the relative virus control phenotype. DR3 levels (in plasma and PBMCs) were validated in unrelated cohorts (including long-term nonprogressors), thus confirming their independence from CD4 counts and pVL. Further analysis in combined antiretroviral treatment (cART)-treated individuals with a wide range of CD4 counts (137-1835 cells/mm3) indicated that neither TL1A nor DR3 levels reflected recovery of CD4 counts with cART. Interestingly, in cART-treated individuals, plasma TL1A levels correlated with regulatory T cell frequencies, whereas soluble DR3 was strongly associated with the abundance of effector HLA-DR+CD8+ T cells. A positive correlation was also observed between plasma DR3 levels and the HIV-1-specific T cell responses. In vitro, costimulation of PBMC with DR3-specific mAb increased the magnitude of HIV-1-specific responses. Finally, in splenocytes of DNA.HTI-vaccinated mice, costimulation of HTI peptides and a DR3 agonist (4C12) intensified the magnitude of T cell responses by 27%. These data describe the role of the TL1A-DR3 axis in the natural control of HIV-1 infection and point to the use of DR3 agonists in HIV-1 vaccine regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Oriol-Tordera
- Institut de Recerca de la Sida IrsiCaixa, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, 08916 Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Biologia Cellular, de Fisiologia i d'Immunologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alex Olvera
- Institut de Recerca de la Sida IrsiCaixa, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, 08916 Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat de Vic - Universitat Central de Catalunya, Vic, 08500 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Clara Duran-Castells
- Institut de Recerca de la Sida IrsiCaixa, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, 08916 Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Biologia Cellular, de Fisiologia i d'Immunologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anuska Llano
- Institut de Recerca de la Sida IrsiCaixa, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, 08916 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Beatriz Mothe
- Institut de Recerca de la Sida IrsiCaixa, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, 08916 Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat de Vic - Universitat Central de Catalunya, Vic, 08500 Barcelona, Spain
- Fundació Lluita contra la Sida i les Malalties Infeccioses, Servei de Malalties Infecciones Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, 08916 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Massanella
- Institut de Recerca de la Sida IrsiCaixa, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, 08916 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Judith Dalmau
- Institut de Recerca de la Sida IrsiCaixa, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, 08916 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carmela Ganoza
- Asociación Civil Impacta Salud y Educacion, Lima 15063, Peru
- Facultad de Medicina Alberto Hurtado de la Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, San Martín de Porres, Lima 15102, Peru
| | - Jorge Sanchez
- Asociación Civil Impacta Salud y Educacion, Lima 15063, Peru
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
- Centro de Investigaciones Tecnológicas, Biomédicas y Medioambientales, Bellavista, Lima 07006, Peru
| | - Maria Luz Calle
- Universitat de Vic - Universitat Central de Catalunya, Vic, 08500 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Bonaventura Clotet
- Institut de Recerca de la Sida IrsiCaixa, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, 08916 Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat de Vic - Universitat Central de Catalunya, Vic, 08500 Barcelona, Spain
- Fundació Lluita contra la Sida i les Malalties Infeccioses, Servei de Malalties Infecciones Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, 08916 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Javier Martinez-Picado
- Institut de Recerca de la Sida IrsiCaixa, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, 08916 Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat de Vic - Universitat Central de Catalunya, Vic, 08500 Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eugènia Negredo
- Universitat de Vic - Universitat Central de Catalunya, Vic, 08500 Barcelona, Spain
- Fundació Lluita contra la Sida i les Malalties Infeccioses, Servei de Malalties Infecciones Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, 08916 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Julià Blanco
- Institut de Recerca de la Sida IrsiCaixa, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, 08916 Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat de Vic - Universitat Central de Catalunya, Vic, 08500 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Dennis Hartigan-O'Connor
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616; and
- Division of Experimental Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110
| | - Christian Brander
- Institut de Recerca de la Sida IrsiCaixa, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, 08916 Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat de Vic - Universitat Central de Catalunya, Vic, 08500 Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Ruiz-Riol
- Institut de Recerca de la Sida IrsiCaixa, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, 08916 Barcelona, Spain;
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5
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Silva-Arrieta S, Goulder PJR, Brander C. In silico veritas? Potential limitations for SARS-CoV-2 vaccine development based on T-cell epitope prediction. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1008607. [PMID: 32497149 PMCID: PMC7272002 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Silva-Arrieta
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Institute for Health Science Research Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
| | - Philip J. R. Goulder
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- HIV Pathogenesis Programme, The Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Christian Brander
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Institute for Health Science Research Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
- University of Vic–Central University of Catalonia, Catalonia, Vic, Spain
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
- * E-mail:
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6
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Rosás-Umbert M, Ruiz-Riol M, Fernández MA, Marszalek M, Coll P, Manzardo C, Cedeño S, Miró JM, Clotet B, Hanke T, Moltó J, Mothe B, Brander C. In vivo Effects of Romidepsin on T-Cell Activation, Apoptosis and Function in the BCN02 HIV-1 Kick&Kill Clinical Trial. Front Immunol 2020; 11:418. [PMID: 32265913 PMCID: PMC7100631 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Romidepsin (RMD) is a well-characterized histone deacetylase inhibitor approved for the treatment of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. in vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated that it is able to induce HIV-1 gene expression in latently infected CD4+ T cells from HIV-1+ individuals on suppressive antiretroviral therapy. However, in vitro experiments suggested that RMD could also impair T-cell functionality, particularly of activated T cells. Thus, the usefulness of RMD in HIV-1 kick&kill strategies, that aim to enhance the immune system elimination of infected cells after inducing HIV-1 viral reactivation, may be limited. In order to address whether the in vitro observations are replicated in vivo, we determined the effects of RMD on the total and HIV-1-specific T-cell populations in longitudinal samples from the BCN02 kick&kill clinical trial (NCT02616874). BCN02 was a proof-of-concept study in 15 early treated HIV-1+ individuals that combined MVA.HIVconsv vaccination with three weekly infusions of RMD given as a latency reversing agent. Our results show that RMD induced a transient increase in the frequency of apoptotic T cells and an enhanced activation of vaccine-induced T cells. Although RMD reduced the number of vaccine-elicited T cells secreting multiple cytokines, viral suppressive capacity of CD8+ T cells was preserved over the RMD treatment. These observations have important implications for the design of effective kick&kill strategies for the HIV-1 cure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Rosás-Umbert
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute-HIVACAT, Badalona, Spain.,Department of Cellular Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Marco A Fernández
- Flow Cytometry Facility, Health Sciences Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | | | - Pep Coll
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute-HIVACAT, Badalona, Spain
| | | | | | - José M Miró
- Hospital Clinic- IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Bonaventura Clotet
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute-HIVACAT, Badalona, Spain.,Fundació Lluita contra la Sida, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain.,Centre for Health and Social Care Research (CESS), Faculty of Medicine, University of Vic - Central University of Catalonia (UVic - UCC), Vic, Spain
| | - Tomáš Hanke
- The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - José Moltó
- Fundació Lluita contra la Sida, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - Beatriz Mothe
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute-HIVACAT, Badalona, Spain.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain.,Centre for Health and Social Care Research (CESS), Faculty of Medicine, University of Vic - Central University of Catalonia (UVic - UCC), Vic, Spain
| | - Christian Brander
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute-HIVACAT, Badalona, Spain.,Centre for Health and Social Care Research (CESS), Faculty of Medicine, University of Vic - Central University of Catalonia (UVic - UCC), Vic, Spain.,ICREA, Pg. Lluis Companys, Barcelona, Spain
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7
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Surenaud M, Montes M, Lindestam Arlehamn CS, Sette A, Banchereau J, Palucka K, Lelièvre JD, Lacabaratz C, Lévy Y. Anti-HIV potency of T-cell responses elicited by dendritic cell therapeutic vaccination. PLoS Pathog 2019; 15:e1008011. [PMID: 31498845 PMCID: PMC6733439 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Identification and characterization of CD8+ and CD4+ T-cell epitopes elicited by HIV therapeutic vaccination is key for elucidating the nature of protective cellular responses and mechanism of the immune evasion of HIV. Here, we report the characterization of HIV-specific T-cell responses in cART (combination antiretroviral therapy) treated HIV-1 infected patients after vaccination with ex vivo-generated IFNα Dendritic Cells (DCs) loaded with LIPO-5 (HIV-1 Nef 66-97, Nef 116-145, Gag 17-35, Gag 253-284 and Pol 325-355 lipopeptides). Vaccination induced and/or expanded HIV-specific CD8+ T cells producing IFNγ, perforin, granzyme A and granzyme B, and also CD4+ T cells secreting IFNγ, IL-2 and IL-13. These responses were directed against dominant and subdominant epitopes representing all vaccine regions; Gag, Pol and Nef. Interestingly, IL-2 and IL-13 produced by CD4+ T cells were negatively correlated with the peak of viral replication following analytic treatment interruption (ATI). Epitope mapping confirmed that vaccination elicited responses against predicted T-cell epitopes, but also allowed to identify a set of 8 new HIV-1 HLA-DR-restricted CD4+ T-cell epitopes. These results may help to better design future DC therapeutic vaccines and underscore the role of vaccine-elicited CD4+ T-cell responses to achieve control of HIV replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Surenaud
- Vaccine Research Institute, INSERM U955—Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil, France
| | - Monica Montes
- Baylor Institute for Immunology Research, Center for Human Vaccines, Dallas TX, United States of America
| | | | - Alessandro Sette
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, Department of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- University of California San Diego, Department of Medicine, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Jacques Banchereau
- Baylor Institute for Immunology Research, Center for Human Vaccines, Dallas TX, United States of America
| | - Karolina Palucka
- Baylor Institute for Immunology Research, Center for Human Vaccines, Dallas TX, United States of America
| | - Jean-Daniel Lelièvre
- Vaccine Research Institute, INSERM U955—Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil, France
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Groupe Henri-Mondor Albert-Chenevier, Service d’Immunologie Clinique, Créteil, France
| | - Christine Lacabaratz
- Vaccine Research Institute, INSERM U955—Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil, France
| | - Yves Lévy
- Vaccine Research Institute, INSERM U955—Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil, France
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Groupe Henri-Mondor Albert-Chenevier, Service d’Immunologie Clinique, Créteil, France
- * E-mail:
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de Jong W, Aerts J, Allard S, Brander C, Buyze J, Florence E, van Gorp E, Vanham G, Leal L, Mothe B, Thielemans K, Plana M, Garcia F, Gruters R. iHIVARNA phase IIa, a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded trial to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of iHIVARNA-01 in chronically HIV-infected patients under stable combined antiretroviral therapy. Trials 2019; 20:361. [PMID: 31208472 PMCID: PMC6580477 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-019-3409-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND HIV therapeutic vaccination aims to improve the immune responses against HIV in order to control viral replication without the need for combined antiretroviral therapy (cART). iHIVARNA-01 is a novel vaccine combining mRNA delivery and T-cell immunogen (HTI) based on conserved targets of effective antiviral T-cell responses. In addition, it holds adequate stimuli required for activating antigen presenting cells (APC)s and co-activating specific T-cells (TriMix), including human CD40L, constitutively active TLR4 (caTLR4) and CD70. We propose that in-vivo targeting of dendritic cells (DCs) by direct administration of a HIV mRNA encoding these immune modulating proteins might be an attractive alternative to target DCs in vitro. METHODS/DESIGN This is a phase-IIa, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, multicenter study in chronically HIV-1 infected patients under stable cART. One of the three study arms is randomly allocated to subjects. Three vaccinations with either HIVACAT T-cell immunogen (HTI)-TriMix (iHIVARNA-01), TriMix or water for injection (WFI) (weeks 0, 2 and 4) are administered by intranodal injection in the inguinal region. Two weeks after the last immunization (week 6) cART is stopped for 12 weeks. The two primary endpoints are: (1) safety and tolerability of intranodal iHIVARNA-01 vaccination compared with TriMix or WFI and (2) induced immunogenicity, i.e., increase in the frequency of HIV-specific T-cell responses between baseline, week 6 and 12 weeks after treatment interruption in iHIVARNA-01-treated patients as compared to the control groups, immunized with TriMix-mRNA or WFI measured by an IFNγ ELISPOT assay. Secondary endpoints include the evaluation of time to viral rebound, plasma viral load (pVL) at w18, the proportion of patients with control of viral load, induction of T-cell responses to new HIV epitopes, polyfunctionality of HIV-specific T-cells, CD8+ T-cell in-vitro HIV suppressive capacity, the effect on viral reservoir (measured by proviral DNA and cell-associated RNA), assessment of viral immune escape by mutation and mRNA expression profiles of host immune genes. DISCUSSION This trial aims to direct target DC in situ with mRNA encoding HTI and TriMix for co-stimulation. Intranodal injection circumvents laborious DC isolation and handling in the laboratory. The trial extends on the safety results of a phase-I dose-escalating trial. This candidate vaccine could complement or even replace cART for chronic HIV infection and could be applicable to improve the care and cost of HIV infection. TRIAL REGISTRATION EudraCT 2016-002724-83 (22 September 2016); ClinicalTrials.gov, ID: NCT02888756 . Registered on 23 August 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wesley de Jong
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Room Ee-1726, P.O. Box 2040, 3000, CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joeri Aerts
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sabine Allard
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Christian Brander
- Infectious Diseases Unit, IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain.,Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain.,AELIX Therapeutics, Parc Científic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,University of Vic - Central University of Catalonia (UVic-UCC), Vic, Spain
| | - Jozefien Buyze
- Virology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine and, Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Eric Florence
- Virology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine and, Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Eric van Gorp
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Room Ee-1726, P.O. Box 2040, 3000, CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Guido Vanham
- Virology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine and, Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Lorna Leal
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Villarroel, 170, 08036, Barcelona, Spain.,Infectious Diseases Unit, Hospital Clínic, Villarroel, 170, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Beatriz Mothe
- Infectious Diseases Unit, IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain.,University of Vic - Central University of Catalonia (UVic-UCC), Vic, Spain
| | - Kris Thielemans
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Montse Plana
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Villarroel, 170, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Félipe Garcia
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Villarroel, 170, 08036, Barcelona, Spain. .,Infectious Diseases Unit, Hospital Clínic, Villarroel, 170, 08036, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Rob Gruters
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Room Ee-1726, P.O. Box 2040, 3000, CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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Mothe B, Brander C. HIV T-Cell Vaccines. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1075:31-51. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-0484-2_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Ruiz MJ, Salido J, Abusamra L, Ghiglione Y, Cevallos C, Damilano G, Rodriguez AM, Trifone C, Laufer N, Giavedoni LD, Sued O, Salomón H, Gherardi MM, Turk G. Evaluation of Different Parameters of Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses in HIV Serodiscordant Heterosexual Couples: Humoral Response Potentially Implicated in Modulating Transmission Rates. EBioMedicine 2017; 26:25-37. [PMID: 29129698 PMCID: PMC5832641 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2017.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
As the HIV/AIDS pandemic still progresses, understanding the mechanisms governing viral transmission as well as protection from HIV acquisition is fundamental. In this context, cohorts of HIV serodiscordant heterosexual couples (SDC) represent a unique tool. The present study was aimed to evaluate specific parameters of innate, cellular and humoral immune responses in SDC. Specifically, plasma levels of cytokines and chemokines, HIV-specific T-cell responses, gp120-specific IgG and IgA antibodies, and HIV-specific antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) activity were assessed in nine HIV-exposed seronegative individuals (ESN) and their corresponding HIV seropositive partners (HIV+-P), in eighteen chronically infected HIV subjects (C), nine chronically infected subjects known to be HIV transmitters (CT) and ten healthy HIV− donors (HD). Very low magnitude HIV-specific cellular responses were found in two out of six ESN. Interestingly, HIV+-P had the highest ADCC magnitude, the lowest IgA levels and the highest IgG/IgA ratio, all compared to CT. Positive correlations between CD4+ T-cell counts and both IgG/IgA ratios and %ADCC killing uniquely distinguished HIV+-P. Additionally, evidence of IgA interference with ADCC responses from HIV+-P and CT is provided. These data suggest for the first time a potential role of ADCC and/or gp120-specific IgG/IgA balance in modulating heterosexual transmission. In sum, this study provides key information to understand the host factors that influence viral transmission, which should be considered in both the development of prophylactic vaccines and novel immunotherapies for HIV-1 infection. The evaluation of different immune parameters in HIV serodiscordant couples helped identify factors shaping transmission. Innate and cellular immune responses were apparently not involved in this scenario. HIV-specific ADCC, IgA titer and IgG/IgA balance were identified as factors involved in modulating viral transmission.
The existence of individuals that remain HIV negative despite being repeatedly exposed to the virus has long been described. To date, only homozygosis for a 32-base pair deletion in the ccr5 gene has been consistently shown to be a determinant of HIV resistance. Still, subjects bearing the WT ccr5 gene have also been described as resistant or less susceptible to HIV. Thus, other mechanisms must be involved in this phenomenon. The results presented here postulate ADCC and IgG/IgA ratio as potential mechanisms involved in modulating HIV transmission in the context of serodiscordant couples and inspire further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Julia Ruiz
- CONICET- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y Sida (INBIRS), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jimena Salido
- CONICET- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y Sida (INBIRS), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Yanina Ghiglione
- CONICET- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y Sida (INBIRS), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Cintia Cevallos
- CONICET- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y Sida (INBIRS), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gabriel Damilano
- CONICET- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y Sida (INBIRS), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ana María Rodriguez
- CONICET- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y Sida (INBIRS), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - César Trifone
- CONICET- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y Sida (INBIRS), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Natalia Laufer
- CONICET- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y Sida (INBIRS), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Hospital Juan A. Fernández, Unidad Enfermedades Infecciosas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Luis D Giavedoni
- Department of Virology and Immunology, Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Omar Sued
- Fundación Huésped, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Hospital Juan A. Fernández, Unidad Enfermedades Infecciosas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Horacio Salomón
- CONICET- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y Sida (INBIRS), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Magdalena Gherardi
- CONICET- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y Sida (INBIRS), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gabriela Turk
- CONICET- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y Sida (INBIRS), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Gonzalez SM, Taborda NA, Rugeles MT. Role of Different Subpopulations of CD8 + T Cells during HIV Exposure and Infection. Front Immunol 2017; 8:936. [PMID: 28824656 PMCID: PMC5545716 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
During HIV infection, specific responses exhibited by CD8+ T cells are crucial to establish an early, effective, and sustained viral control, preventing severe immune alterations and organ dysfunction. Several CD8+ T cells subsets have been identified, exhibiting differences in terms of activation, functional profile, and ability to limit HIV replication. Some of the most important CD8+ T cells subsets associated with viral control, production of potent antiviral molecules, and strong polyfunctional responses include Th1-like cytokine pattern and Tc17 cells. In addition, the expression of specific activation markers has been also associated with a more effective response of CD8+ T cells, as evidenced in HLA-DR+ CD38− cells. CD8+ T cells in both, peripheral blood and gut mucosa, are particularly important in individuals with a resistant phenotype, including HIV-exposed seronegative individuals (HESNs), long-term non-progressors (LTNPs) and HIV-controllers. Although the role of CD8+ T cells has been extensively explored in the context of an established HIV-1 infection, the presence of HIV-specific cells with effector abilities and a defined functional profile in HESNs, remain poorly understood. Here, we reviewed studies carried out on different subpopulations of CD8+ T cells in relation with natural resistance to HIV infection and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Milena Gonzalez
- Grupo Inmunovirología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Natalia Andrea Taborda
- Grupo Inmunovirología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Medellín, Colombia.,Grupo de Investigaciones Biomédicas Uniremington, Programa de Medicina, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Corporación Universitaria Remington, Medellín, Colombia
| | - María Teresa Rugeles
- Grupo Inmunovirología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Medellín, Colombia
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Williamson AL, Rybicki EP. Justification for the inclusion of Gag in HIV vaccine candidates. Expert Rev Vaccines 2015; 15:585-98. [PMID: 26645951 DOI: 10.1586/14760584.2016.1129904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
It is widely accepted that effective human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) vaccines need to elicit a range of responses, including neutralising antibodies and T-cells. In natural HIV infections, immune responses to Gag are associated with lower viral load in infected individuals, and these responses can be measured against infected cells before the replication of HIV. Priming immune responses to Gag with DNA or recombinant Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccines, and boosting with Gag virus-like particles as subunit vaccines or Gag produced in vivo by other vaccine vectors, elicits high-magnitude, broad polyfunctional responses, with memory T-cell responses appropriate for virus control. This review provides justification for the inclusion of HIV Gag in vaccine regimens, either as a transgene expressing protein that may assemble to form budded particles, or as purified virus-like particles. Possible benefits would include early control via CD8(+) T-cells at the site of infection, control of spread from the entry portal, and control of viraemia if infection is established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Lise Williamson
- a Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine , University of Cape Town , Cape Town , South Africa.,b National Health Laboratory Service, Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town and Department of Pathology , University of Cape Town , Cape Town , South Africa
| | - Edward P Rybicki
- a Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine , University of Cape Town , Cape Town , South Africa.,c Biopharming Research Unit, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology , University of Cape Town , Cape Town , South Africa
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Reducing IRF-1 to Levels Observed in HESN Subjects Limits HIV Replication, But Not the Extent of Host Immune Activation. MOLECULAR THERAPY-NUCLEIC ACIDS 2015; 4:e259. [PMID: 26506037 PMCID: PMC4881757 DOI: 10.1038/mtna.2015.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cells from women who are epidemiologically deemed resistant to HIV infection exhibit a 40-60% reduction in endogenous IRF-1 (interferon regulatory factor-1), an essential regulator of host antiviral immunity and the early HIV replication. This study examined the functional consequences of reducing endogenous IRF-1 on HIV-1 replication and immune response to HIV in natural HIV target cells. IRF-1 knockdown was achieved in ex vivo CD4(+) T cells and monocytes with siRNA. IRF-1 level was assessed using flow cytometry, prior to infection with HIV-Bal, HIV-IIIB, or HIV-VSV-G. Transactivation of HIV long terminal repeats was assessed by p24 secretion (ELISA) and Gag expression (reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)). The expression of IRF-1-regulated antiviral genes was quantitated with RT-PCR. A modest 20-40% reduction in endogenous IRF-1 was achieved in >87% of ex vivo-derived peripheral CD4(+) T cells and monocytes, resulted in >90% reduction in the transactivation of the HIV-1 genes (Gag, p24) and, hence, HIV replication. Curiously, these HIV-resistant women demonstrated normal immune responses, nor an increased susceptibility to other infection. Similarly, modest IRF-1 knockdown had limited impact on the magnitude of HIV-1-elicited activation of IRF-1-regulated host immunologic genes but resulted in lessened duration of these responses. These data suggest that early expression of HIV-1 genes requires a higher IRF-1 level, compared to the host antiviral genes. Together, these provide one key mechanism underlying the natural resistance against HIV infection and further suggest that modest IRF-1 reduction could effectively limit productive HIV infection yet remain sufficient to activate a robust but transient immune response.
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Detection of HIV-1-specific T-cell immune responses in highly HIV-exposed uninfected individuals by in-vitro dendritic cell co-culture. AIDS 2015; 29:1309-18. [PMID: 26091301 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0000000000000728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although virus-specific responses are rarely detected by conventional approaches, we report here the detection of T-cell responses in HIV-exposed seronegative (HESN) patients by two distinct assays. METHODS HIV-specific T-cell responses were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunospot in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from HESN patients after a 48-h co-culture with boosted dendritic cells. Additionally, a boosted flow cytometry approach was used to capture antiviral T-cell responses. Host genetic factors and T-cell activation were also analyzed to assess their implication on HIV exposure. RESULTS Of the 45 HESN individuals tested, up to 11 (24.4%) showed at least one response to peptide pools covering HIV Gag and Nef. A positive correlation was observed between the intensity (P = 0.0022) and magnitude (P = 0.0174) of the response detected in the HESN, and the viral load of the HIV-positive partner. Moreover, the result from the boosted flow and cytomix analyses showed a dominant Th1-like response pattern against HIV antigens, especially in CD8 T-cell populations. CONCLUSIONS The combined use of our boosted dendritic cell technique with a boosted flow cytometric approach allows us both to detect specific HIV-positive responses in a higher percentage of HESN patients and to define specific effector function profiles. This study contributes to a better understanding of resistance to HIV infection.
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