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Macedo C, Costa PC, Rodrigues F. Bioactive compounds from Actinidia arguta fruit as a new strategy to fight glioblastoma. Food Res Int 2024; 175:113770. [PMID: 38129059 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, there has been a significant demand for natural products as a mean of disease prevention or as an alternative to conventional medications. The driving force for this change is the growing recognition of the abundant presence of valuable bioactive compounds in natural products. On recent years Actinia arguta fruit, also known as kiwiberry, has attracted a lot of attention from scientific community due to its richness in bioactive compounds, including phenolic compounds, organic acids, vitamins, carotenoids and fiber. These bioactive compounds contribute to the fruit's diverse outstanding biological activities such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, immunomodulatory, and anti-cancer properties. Due to these properties, the fruit may have the potential to be used in the treatment/prevention of various types of cancer, including glioblastoma. Glioblastoma is the most aggressive form of brain cancer, displaying 90 % of recurrence rate within a span of 2 years. Despite the employment of an aggressive approach, the prognosis remains unfavorable, emphasizing the urgent requirement for the development of new effective treatments. The preclinical evidence suggests that kiwiberry has potential impact on glioblastoma by reducing the cancer self-renewal, modulating the signaling pathways involved in the regulation of the cell phenotype and metabolism, and influencing the consolidation of the tumor microenvironment. Even though, challenges such as the imprecise composition and concentration of bioactive compounds, and its low bioavailability after oral administration may be drawbacks to the development of kiwiberry-based treatments, being urgent to ensure the safety and efficacy of kiwiberry for the prevention and treatment of glioblastoma. This review aims to highlight the potential impact of A. arguta bioactive compounds on glioblastoma, providing novel insights into their applicability as complementary or alternative therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Macedo
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, ISEP, Polytechnic of Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal; REQUIMTE/UCIBIO, MedTech-Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; Associate Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Paulo C Costa
- REQUIMTE/UCIBIO, MedTech-Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; Associate Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Francisca Rodrigues
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, ISEP, Polytechnic of Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal.
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2
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Rabaan AA, Halwani MA, Garout M, Alotaibi J, AlShehail BM, Alotaibi N, Almuthree SA, Alshehri AA, Alshahrani MA, Othman B, Alqahtani A, Alissa M. Exploration of phytochemical compounds against Marburg virus using QSAR, molecular dynamics, and free energy landscape. Mol Divers 2023:10.1007/s11030-023-10753-0. [PMID: 37925643 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-023-10753-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Marburg virus disease (MVD) is caused by the Marburg virus, a one-of-a-kind zoonotic RNA virus from the genus Filovirus. Thus, this current study employed AI-based QSAR and molecular docking-based virtual screening for identifying potential binders against the target protein (nucleoprotein (NP)) of the Marburg virus. A total of 2727 phytochemicals were used for screening, out of which the top three compounds (74977521, 90470472, and 11953909) were identified based on their predicted bioactivity (pIC50) and binding score (< - 7.4 kcal/mol). Later, MD simulation in triplicates and trajectory analysis were performed which showed that 11953909 and 74977521 had the most stable and consistent complex formations and had the most significant interactions with the highest number of hydrogen bonds. PCA (principal component analysis) and FEL (free energy landscape) analysis indicated that these compounds had favourable energy states for most of the conformations. The total binding free energy of the compounds using the MM/GBSA technique showed that 11953909 (ΔGTOTAL = - 30.78 kcal/mol) and 74977521 (ΔGTOTAL = - 30 kcal/mol) had the highest binding affinity with the protein. Overall, this in silico pipeline proposed that the phytochemicals 11953909 and 74977521 could be the possible binders of NP. This study aimed to find phytochemicals inhibiting the protein's function and potentially treating MVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali A Rabaan
- Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, 31311, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia.
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, 11533, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Public Health and Nutrition, The University of Haripur, Haripur, 22610, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad A Halwani
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Al Baha University, 4781, Al Baha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Garout
- Department of Community Medicine and Health Care for Pilgrims, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, 21955, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jawaher Alotaibi
- Infectious diseases Unit, Department of Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, 11564, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bashayer M AlShehail
- Pharmacy Practice Department, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, 31441, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nouf Alotaibi
- Clinical pharmacy Department, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, 21955, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Souad A Almuthree
- Department of Infectious Disease, King Abdullah Medical City, 43442, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad A Alshehri
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Najran University, 61441, Najran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Abdulrahman Alshahrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Najran University, 61441, Najran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Basim Othman
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Al Baha University, 65779, Al Baha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz Alqahtani
- Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, 61321, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Alissa
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, 11942, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia.
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Borase H, Shukla D. The Interplay of Genital Herpes with Cellular Processes: A Pathogenesis and Therapeutic Perspective. Viruses 2023; 15:2195. [PMID: 38005873 PMCID: PMC10675801 DOI: 10.3390/v15112195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Genital herpes, primarily caused by herpes simplex virus-2 (HSV-2), remains a pressing global health concern. Its remarkable ability to intertwine with cellular processes, from harnessing host machinery for replication to subverting antiviral defenses like autophagy and programmed cell death, exemplifies the intricate interplay at the heart of its pathogenesis. While the biomedical community has extensively researched antiviral interventions, the efficiency of these strategies in managing HSV-2 remains suboptimal. Recognizing this, attention has shifted toward leveraging host cellular components to regulate HSV-2 replication and influence the cell cycle. Furthermore, innovative interventional strategies-including drug repurposing, microbivacs, connecting the host microbiome, and exploiting natural secondary metabolites-are emerging as potential game changers. This review summarizes the key steps in HSV-2 pathogenesis and newly discovered cellular interactions, presenting the latest developments in the field, highlighting existing challenges, and offering a fresh perspective on HSV-2's pathogenesis and the potential avenues for its treatment by targeting cellular proteins and pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemant Borase
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA;
| | - Deepak Shukla
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA;
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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4
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Shamim S, Akhtar M, Gul S. Novel designed analogues of quercetin against SARS-CoV2:an in-silico pharmacokinetic evaluation, molecular modeling, MD simulations based study. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023:1-19. [PMID: 37798928 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2265469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Here we present the design of the series of quercetin analogues and their molecular docking study involving the binding of quercetin and its analogues with SARS-CoV2 3CLpro. The scientific literature shows that quercetin compound has been successfully used against SARS-CoV by inhibiting the replication of virus in respiratory epithelial cell through the inhibition of the SARS-CoV main protease (3CLpro.) It was suggested that the modification at position 3 in quercetin structure may produce potent compounds against SARS-CoV2. A series of quercetin analogues were designed and screened for physicochemical and pharmacokinetics parameters. The activities of selected compounds against SARS-CoV2 were screened by molecular modelling and evaluated that analogues, Q5, Q6 and Q13 have the best docking scores (-8.01 to -8.17 kcal/mol) and also better than quercetin, α-ketoamide and current available inhibitors of the same target. The structure-activity relationship (SAR) study revealed that the introduction of the amino group in a designed molecule was highly promising for increasing the inhibitory activity against SARS-CoV2 3CL pro. Moreover, to check the stability and orientation of selected compounds inside the binding pocket, the molecular dynamic simulations were performed for 100 ns. Results revealed that the designed analogues Q1, Q6 and Q13 having lowest binding energies (-8.0, -8.17 and -8.06 kcal/mol respectively) as well as better physicochemical properties, pharmacokinetics, and toxicity profile show their potential to synthesize and develop as the therapeutic agents against corona virus.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumbul Shamim
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dow College of Pharmacy, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Mahwish Akhtar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dow College of Pharmacy, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Somia Gul
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jinnah University for Women, Karachi, Pakistan
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Saivish MV, Menezes GDL, da Silva RA, Fontoura MA, Shimizu JF, da Silva GCD, Teixeira IDS, Mistrão NFB, Hernandes VM, Rahal P, Sacchetto L, Pacca CC, Marques RE, Nogueira ML. Antiviral Activity of Quercetin Hydrate against Zika Virus. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:7504. [PMID: 37108665 PMCID: PMC10144977 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) has re-emerged in recent decades, leading to outbreaks of Zika fever in Africa, Asia, and Central and South America. Despite its drastic re-emergence and clinical impact, no vaccines or antiviral compounds are available to prevent or control ZIKV infection. This study evaluated the potential antiviral activity of quercetin hydrate against ZIKV infection and demonstrated that this substance inhibits virus particle production in A549 and Vero cells under different treatment conditions. In vitro antiviral activity was long-lasting (still observed 72 h post-infection), suggesting that quercetin hydrate affects multiple rounds of ZIKV replication. Molecular docking indicates that quercetin hydrate can efficiently interact with the specific allosteric binding site cavity of the NS2B-NS3 proteases and NS1-dimer. These results identify quercetin as a potential compound to combat ZIKV infection in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marielena Vogel Saivish
- Laboratório de Pesquisas em Virologia, Departamento de Doenças Dermatológicas, Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto, São José do Rio Preto 15090-000, SP, Brazil
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Pesquisa em Energia e Materiais (CNPEM), Campinas 13083-100, SP, Brazil
| | - Gabriela de Lima Menezes
- Departamento de Biofísica e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59072-970, RN, Brazil
- Unidade Especial de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Jataí, Jataí 75801-615, GO, Brazil
| | | | - Marina Alves Fontoura
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Pesquisa em Energia e Materiais (CNPEM), Campinas 13083-100, SP, Brazil
| | - Jacqueline Farinha Shimizu
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Pesquisa em Energia e Materiais (CNPEM), Campinas 13083-100, SP, Brazil
| | - Gislaine Celestino Dutra da Silva
- Laboratório de Pesquisas em Virologia, Departamento de Doenças Dermatológicas, Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto, São José do Rio Preto 15090-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Igor da Silva Teixeira
- Laboratório de Pesquisas em Virologia, Departamento de Doenças Dermatológicas, Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto, São José do Rio Preto 15090-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Natalia Franco Bueno Mistrão
- Laboratório de Pesquisas em Virologia, Departamento de Doenças Dermatológicas, Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto, São José do Rio Preto 15090-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Victor Miranda Hernandes
- Laboratório de Pesquisas em Virologia, Departamento de Doenças Dermatológicas, Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto, São José do Rio Preto 15090-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Paula Rahal
- Laboratório de Estudos Genômicos, Departamento de Biologia, Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas, Universidade Estadual Paulista, São José do Rio Preto 15054-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Lívia Sacchetto
- Laboratório de Pesquisas em Virologia, Departamento de Doenças Dermatológicas, Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto, São José do Rio Preto 15090-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Carolina Colombelli Pacca
- Laboratório de Pesquisas em Virologia, Departamento de Doenças Dermatológicas, Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto, São José do Rio Preto 15090-000, SP, Brazil
- Laboratório de Estudos Genômicos, Departamento de Biologia, Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas, Universidade Estadual Paulista, São José do Rio Preto 15054-000, SP, Brazil
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Faceres Medical School, São José do Rio Preto 15090-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Rafael Elias Marques
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Pesquisa em Energia e Materiais (CNPEM), Campinas 13083-100, SP, Brazil
| | - Maurício Lacerda Nogueira
- Laboratório de Pesquisas em Virologia, Departamento de Doenças Dermatológicas, Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto, São José do Rio Preto 15090-000, SP, Brazil
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Pesquisa em Energia e Materiais (CNPEM), Campinas 13083-100, SP, Brazil
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555-0609, USA
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6
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Peralta-Moreno MN, Anton-Muñoz V, Ortega-Alarcon D, Jimenez-Alesanco A, Vega S, Abian O, Velazquez-Campoy A, Thomson TM, Granadino-Roldán JM, Machicado C, Rubio-Martinez J. Autochthonous Peruvian Natural Plants as Potential SARS-CoV-2 M pro Main Protease Inhibitors. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16040585. [PMID: 37111342 PMCID: PMC10146424 DOI: 10.3390/ph16040585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Over 750 million cases of COVID-19, caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), have been reported since the onset of the global outbreak. The need for effective treatments has spurred intensive research for therapeutic agents based on pharmaceutical repositioning or natural products. In light of prior studies asserting the bioactivity of natural compounds of the autochthonous Peruvian flora, the present study focuses on the identification SARS-CoV-2 Mpro main protease dimer inhibitors. To this end, a target-based virtual screening was performed over a representative set of Peruvian flora-derived natural compounds. The best poses obtained from the ensemble molecular docking process were selected. These structures were subjected to extensive molecular dynamics steps for the computation of binding free energies along the trajectory and evaluation of the stability of the complexes. The compounds exhibiting the best free energy behaviors were selected for in vitro testing, confirming the inhibitory activity of Hyperoside against Mpro, with a Ki value lower than 20 µM, presumably through allosteric modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Nuria Peralta-Moreno
- Department of Materials Science and Physical Chemistry, University of Barcelona, and the Institut de Recerca en Quimica Teorica i Computacional (IQTCUB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vanessa Anton-Muñoz
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Jr. Puno 1002, Lima 15001, Peru
| | - David Ortega-Alarcon
- Institute of Biocomputation and Physics of Complex Systems (BIFI), Joint Unit GBsC-CSIC-BIFI, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ana Jimenez-Alesanco
- Institute of Biocomputation and Physics of Complex Systems (BIFI), Joint Unit GBsC-CSIC-BIFI, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Sonia Vega
- Institute of Biocomputation and Physics of Complex Systems (BIFI), Joint Unit GBsC-CSIC-BIFI, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Olga Abian
- Institute of Biocomputation and Physics of Complex Systems (BIFI), Joint Unit GBsC-CSIC-BIFI, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS Aragon), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en el Área Temática de Enfermedades Hepáticas Digestivas (CIBERehd), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Adrian Velazquez-Campoy
- Institute of Biocomputation and Physics of Complex Systems (BIFI), Joint Unit GBsC-CSIC-BIFI, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS Aragon), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en el Área Temática de Enfermedades Hepáticas Digestivas (CIBERehd), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Timothy M Thomson
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en el Área Temática de Enfermedades Hepáticas Digestivas (CIBERehd), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Institute of Molecular Biology of Barcelona (IBMB-CSIC), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Laboratorio de Investigación Traslacional y Biología Computacional, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía-LID, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Av. Honorio Delgado 430, Lima 15102, Peru
| | - José Manuel Granadino-Roldán
- Departamento de Química Física y Analítica, Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad de Jaén, Campus "Las Lagunillas" s/n, 23071 Jaén, Spain
| | - Claudia Machicado
- Institute of Biocomputation and Physics of Complex Systems (BIFI), Joint Unit GBsC-CSIC-BIFI, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
- Laboratorio de Investigación Traslacional y Biología Computacional, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía-LID, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Av. Honorio Delgado 430, Lima 15102, Peru
| | - Jaime Rubio-Martinez
- Department of Materials Science and Physical Chemistry, University of Barcelona, and the Institut de Recerca en Quimica Teorica i Computacional (IQTCUB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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COVID-19 therapeutics: Clinical application of repurposed drugs and futuristic strategies for target-based drug discovery. Genes Dis 2023; 10:1402-1428. [PMCID: PMC10079314 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2022.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes the complicated disease COVID-19. Clinicians are continuously facing huge problems in the treatment of patients, as COVID-19-specific drugs are not available hence the principle of drug repurposing serves as a one-and-only hope. Globally, the repurposing of many drugs is underway; few of them are already approved by the regulatory bodies for their clinical use and most of them are in different phases of clinical trials. Here in this review, our main aim is to discuss in detail the up-to-date information on the target-based pharmacological classification of repurposed drugs, the potential mechanism of actions, and the current clinical trial status of various drugs which are under repurposing since early 2020. At last, we briefly proposed the probable pharmacological and therapeutic drug targets that may be preferred as a futuristic drug discovery approach in the development of effective medicines.
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Cherian S, Hacisayidli KM, Kurian R, Mathews A. Therapeutically important bioactive compounds of the genus Polygonum L. and their possible interventions in clinical medicine. J Pharm Pharmacol 2023; 75:301-327. [PMID: 36757388 DOI: 10.1093/jpp/rgac105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Increasing literature data have suggested that the genus Polygonum L. possesses pharmacologically important plant secondary metabolites. These bioactive compounds are implicated as effective agents in preclinical and clinical practice due to their pharmacological effects such as anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antidiabetic, antiaging, neuroprotective or immunomodulatory properties among many others. However, elaborate pharmacological and clinical data concerning the bioavailability, tissue distribution pattern, dosage and pharmacokinetic profiles of these compounds are still scanty. KEY FINDINGS The major bioactive compounds implicated in the therapeutic effects of Polygonum genus include phenolic and flavonoid compounds, anthraquinones and stilbenes, such as quercetin, resveratrol, polydatin and others, and could serve as potential drug leads or as adjuvant agents. Data from in-silico network pharmacology and computational molecular docking studies are also highly helpful in identifying the possible drug target of pathogens or host cell machinery. SUMMARY We provide an up-to-date overview of the data from pharmacodynamic, pharmacokinetic profiles and preclinical (in-vitro and in-vivo) investigations and the available clinical data on some of the therapeutically important compounds of genus Polygonum L. and their medical interventions, including combating the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam Cherian
- Indian Society for Plant Physiology, New Delhi, India
| | - Kushvar Mammadova Hacisayidli
- Department of Hygiene and Food Safety, Veterinary Medicine Faculty, Azerbaijan State Agricultural University, Ganja City, Azerbaijan
| | - Renju Kurian
- Department of Pathology, Manipal University College, Melaka, Malaysia
| | - Allan Mathews
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Quest International University Perak, Ipoh, Malaysia
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9
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Banitalebi E, Abdizadeh T, Khademi Dehkordi M, Saghaei E, Mardaniyan Ghahfarrokhi M. In silico study of potential immunonutrient-based sports supplements against COVID-19 via targeting ACE2 inhibition using molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:1041-1061. [PMID: 34931597 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2021.2016489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Use of some sports supplements can inhibit angiotensin-converting enzyme II (ACE2), a receptor for the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), as reviewed through molecular docking and sequent molecular dynamics (MD) simulations against this condition. The crystal structures of ACE2 receptors of SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV, applied in docking analysis, were taken from the Protein Data Bank (PDB). The receptors were then prepared using the Molecular Operating Environment (MOE), as a drug-discovery software platform for docking. Supplements such as quercetin and beta glucan (β-glucan) were the top docked compounds to ACE2 receptor though they strongly interacted with CoV target protein. The study data showed that immune responses to immunonutrient-based sports compounds (viz. quercetin and β-glucan) in Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) were essential in mounting successful immune responses by athletes. While awaiting the development of an effective vaccine, there is a need to focus on immunonutrient-based sports supplements as preventive and therapeutic options that can be implemented in a safe and quick manner to bolster immune responses in athletes.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tooba Abdizadeh
- Clinical Biochemistry Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | | | - Elham Saghaei
- Physiology and Pharmacology Department, School of medicine, Shahrekord University of medical sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.,Medical plants research center, Basic health science, Shahrekord University of medical sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
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10
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Di Pierro F, Khan A, Iqtadar S, Mumtaz SU, Chaudhry MNA, Bertuccioli A, Derosa G, Maffioli P, Togni S, Riva A, Allegrini P, Recchia M, Zerbinati N. Quercetin as a possible complementary agent for early-stage COVID-19: Concluding results of a randomized clinical trial. Front Pharmacol 2023; 13:1096853. [PMID: 36712674 PMCID: PMC9880293 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1096853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Quercetin, a natural polyphenol with demonstrated broad-spectrum antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties, has been proposed as an adjuvant for early-stage coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection. Objective: To explore the possible therapeutic effect of quercetin in outpatients with early-stage mild to moderate symptoms of COVID-19. Methods: This was an open-label randomized controlled clinical trial conducted at the department of medicine, King Edward Medical University, Lahore, PK. Patients were randomized to receive either standard of care (SC) plus an oral quercetin supplement (500 mg Quercetin Phytosome®, 1st week, TDS: 2nd week, BDS) (n = 50, quercetin group) or SC alone (n = 50, control group). Results: After one week of treatment, patients in the quercetin group showed a speedy recovery from COVID-19 as compared to the control group, i.e., 34 patients (vs. 12 in the control group) tested negative for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) (p = 0.0004), and 26 patients (vs. 12 in the control group) had their COVID-19-associated acute symptoms resolved (p = 0.0051). Patients in the quercetin group also showed a significant fall in the serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) mean values i.e., from 406.56 ± 183.92 to 257.74 ± 110.73 U/L, p = 0.0001. Quercetin was well-tolerated by all the 50 patients, and no side effects were reported. Conclusion: Our results, suggest the possible therapeutic role of quercetin in early-stage COVID-19, including speedy clearance of SARS-CoV-2, early resolution of the acute symptoms and modulation of the host's hyperinflammatory response. Clinical Trial Registration: clinicaltrials.gov, identifier NCT04861298.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Di Pierro
- Scientific and Research Department, Velleja Research, Milan, Italy,Digestive Endoscopy, Fondazione Poliambulanza, Brescia, Italy,*Correspondence: Francesco Di Pierro, ; Amjad Khan,
| | - Amjad Khan
- INEOS Oxford Institute for Antimicrobial Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom,*Correspondence: Francesco Di Pierro, ; Amjad Khan,
| | - Somia Iqtadar
- Department of Medicine, King Edward Medical University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sami Ullah Mumtaz
- Department of Medicine, King Edward Medical University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | | | - Giuseppe Derosa
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy,R&D Department, Indena S.p.A, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Nicola Zerbinati
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
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11
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Yao J, Zhao J, Wen JR, Yang ZJ, Lin YP, Sun L, Lu QY, Fan GJ. Flavonoid-containing supplements for preventing acute respiratory tract infections: A systematic review and meta-analysis of 20 randomized controlled trials. Complement Ther Med 2022; 70:102865. [PMID: 35940344 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2022.102865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to investigate the efficacy and safety of flavonoid-containing supplements in preventing acute respiratory tract infection (ARTI). METHODS Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the effects of flavonoid-containing supplements on ARTI prevention in the aspects of ARTI incidence, mean ARTI sick days, symptoms, bio-immune markers, and adverse effects were searched in 5 databases. Data were searched from inception to November 26, 2021. Stata 16.0 was used to perform the meta-analysis. RESULTS Twenty RCTs (n = 4521) were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. Pooled results showed that in the flavonoid-containing supplement group, the ARTI incidence and mean ARTI sick days were significantly decreased compared to those in the control group (RR = 0.81, 95% CI: 0.74-0.89, p < 0.001; WMD = -0.56, 95% CI: -1.04 to -0.08, p = 0.021; respectively). In 8 RCTs, flavonoids were singly used for interventions, ARTI incidence in the experimental group significantly decreased compared to that in the control group (RR = 0.85, 95% CI: 0.72-1.00, p = 0.047). In ten RCTs, flavonoid-containing mixtures were applied for interventions, and ARTI incidence in the experimental group significantly decreased compared to that in the control group (RR = 0.79, 95% CI: 0.71-0.89, p < 0.001). Furthermore, the ARTI incidence and mean ARTI sick days were significantly decreased in the experimental group compared to those in the control group in the flavan-3-ols subgroup (RR = 0.79, 95% CI: 0.67-0.92, p = 0.002; WMD = -2.75, 95% CI: -4.30 to -1.21, p < 0.001; respectively) and the multiple subclasses subgroup (RR = 0.75, 95% CI: 0.63-0.88, p = 0.001; WMD = -0.56, 95% CI: -1.11 to -0.01, p = 0.046; respectively). However, the bio-immune markers including interleukin-6, hypersensitive-c-reactive-protein, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interferon-γ did not differ between the flavonoid group and the control group. Moreover, in the flavonoid-containing supplement group, the incidence of adverse reactions did not increase compared to that in the control group (RR = 1.16, 95% CI: 0.78-1.73, p = 0.469). CONCLUSIONS This systematic review and meta-analysis showed that flavonoid-containing supplements were efficacious and safe in preventing ARTIs. The most important limitations result from the small number of trials, poor quality of some included RCTs, differences in the composition and types of interventions, principal subclasses of flavonoids, methods of administration, and methodology. Moreover, only a few RCTs conducted independent verification of the flavonoid supplements used in the trial in terms of purity and potency, which may lead to a potential source of bias. Thus, larger and better-designed studies are needed to further verify this conclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Yao
- School of Second Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510000, China; Department of Endocrinology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, China; Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Jia Zhao
- School of Second Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Jun-Ru Wen
- School of Second Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Zhao-Jun Yang
- School of Second Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Yu-Ping Lin
- Department of Endocrinology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, China; Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Lu Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, China; Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Qi-Yun Lu
- Department of Endocrinology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, China; Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Guan-Jie Fan
- Department of Endocrinology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, China; Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510000, China.
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12
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Das SS, Dubey AK, Verma PRP, Singh SK, Singh SK. Therapeutic Potential of Quercetin-Loaded Nanoemulsion against Experimental Visceral Leishmaniasis: In Vitro/ Ex Vivo Studies and Mechanistic Insights. Mol Pharm 2022; 19:3367-3384. [PMID: 35980291 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c00492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is one of the most fatal and neglected tropical diseases caused by Leishmania donovani (L. donovani). The applications of currently available chemotherapy (amphotericin B, miltefosine, and others) in VL treatment have been limited due to their poor bioavailability, unfavorable toxicity profile, and prolonged parenteral dosing. Quercetin (QT), a potent natural antioxidant, is a prominent target when conducting investigations on alternative therapies against L. donovani infections. However, the therapeutic applications of QT have been restricted due to its low solubility and bioavailability. In the present study, we developed and evaluated the antileishmanial activity (ALA) of quercetin-loaded nanoemulsion (QTNE) against L. donovani clinical strains. In vitro anti-promastigote assay results demonstrated that QTNE (IC50 6.6 μM, 48 h) significantly inhibited the growth of parasites more efficiently than the pure QT suspension in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Results of the anti-amastigote assay revealed that the infected macrophages (%) of QTNE were significantly more than those of the pure QT suspension at all concentrations (6.6, 26.4, and 52.8 μM; p < 0.05, p < 0.01 compared to the control). Moreover, the results of in vitro and ex vivo studies assisted in determining the mechanistic insights associated with the ALA of QTNE. The overall findings suggested that QTNE exhibited potential ALA by enhancing the intracellular ROS and nitric oxide levels, inducing distortion of membrane integrity and phosphatidylserine release (AV/PI), rupturing the parasite DNA (late apoptosis/necrosis process), and upregulating the immunomodulatory effects (IFN-γ and IL-10 levels). Additionally, QTNE showed superior biocompatibility against all of the treated healthy cells (PBMCs, PECs, and BMCs) as compared to the control. In conclusion, QTNE acts as a potential antileishmanial agent targeting both promastigote and intracellular amastigote forms of L. donovani, which thus opens a new avenue for the use of QTNE in VL therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabya Sachi Das
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi 835215, Jharkhand, India
| | - Amit Kumar Dubey
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Hajipur, Vaishali 844102, Bihar, India.,Parasite Immunology Lab, Division of Microbiology, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)-Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences (RMRIMS), Patna 800007, Bihar, India
| | - Priya Ranjan Prasad Verma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi 835215, Jharkhand, India
| | - Shubhankar Kumar Singh
- Parasite Immunology Lab, Division of Microbiology, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)-Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences (RMRIMS), Patna 800007, Bihar, India
| | - Sandeep Kumar Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi 835215, Jharkhand, India
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Abd Wahab NZ, Ibrahim N. Styrylpyrone Derivative (SPD) Extracted from Goniothalamus umbrosus Binds to Dengue Virus Serotype-2 Envelope Protein and Inhibits Early Stage of Virus Replication. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27144566. [PMID: 35889438 PMCID: PMC9316064 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27144566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A study was conducted to investigate the anti-viral effect of a styrylpyrone derivative (SPD) called goniothalamin and the effects on the dengue virus serotype 2 (DENV-2) replication cycle. The SPD was prepared from the root of Goniothalamus umbrosus after purification with petroleum ether. The isolated SPD was then subjected to gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analyses for structure validation. The cytotoxicity of the SPD was evaluated using a cell viability assay, while the anti-viral activity of the SPD towards DENV-2 was confirmed by conducting a foci reduction assay which involved virus yield reduction, time-of-addition, and time removal assays. Transcriptomic analysis via quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) using the DENV-2 E gene was conducted to investigate the level of gene transcript. Immunocytochemistry analysis was used to investigate the effects of SPD treatment on protein E expression. Finally, software molecular docking of the SPD and E protein was also performed. The cytotoxicity assay confirmed that the SPD was not toxic to Vero cells, even at the highest concentration tested. In the time-of-addition assay, more than 80% foci reduction was observed when SPDs were administered at 2 h post-infection (hpi), and the reduction percentage then dropped with the delay of the treatment time, suggesting the inhibition of the early replication cycle. However, the time removal assay showed that more than 80% reduction could only be observed after 96 h post-treatment with the SPD. Treatment with the SPD reduced the progeny infectivity when treated for 24 h and was dose-dependent. The result showed that transcript level of the E gene in infected cells treated with the SPD was reduced compared to infected cells without treatment. In immunocytochemistry analysis, the DENV-2 E protein exhibited similar expression trends, shown by the gene transcription level. Molecular docking showed that the SPD can interact with E protein through hydrogen bonds and other interactions. Overall, this study showed that SPDs have the potential to be anti-DENV-2 via a reduction in viral progeny infectivity and a reduction in the expression of the DENV-2 E gene and protein at different phases of viral replication. SPDs should be further researched to be developed into an effective anti-viral treatment, particularly for early-phase dengue viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noor Zarina Abd Wahab
- School of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kuala Nerus 21300, Terengganu, Malaysia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +60-096688574
| | - Nazlina Ibrahim
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia;
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14
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Khan A, Iqtadar S, Mumtaz SU, Heinrich M, Pascual-Figal DA, Livingstone S, Abaidullah S. Oral Co-Supplementation of Curcumin, Quercetin, and Vitamin D3 as an Adjuvant Therapy for Mild to Moderate Symptoms of COVID-19—Results From a Pilot Open-Label, Randomized Controlled Trial. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:898062. [PMID: 35747751 PMCID: PMC9211374 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.898062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Curcumin, quercetin, and vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) are common natural ingredients of human nutrition and reportedly exhibit promising anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, broad-spectrum antiviral, and antioxidant activities. Objective: The present study aimed to investigate the possible therapeutic benefits of a single oral formulation containing supplements curcumin, quercetin, and cholecalciferol (combinedly referred to here as CQC) as an adjuvant therapy for early-stage of symptomatic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in a pilot open-label, randomized controlled trial conducted at Mayo Hospital, King Edward Medical University, Lahore, Pakistan. Methods: Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) confirmed, mild to moderate symptomatic COVID-19 outpatients were randomized to receive either the standard of care (SOC) (n = 25) (control arm) or a daily oral co-supplementation of 168 mg curcumin, 260 mg quercetin, and 9 µg (360 IU) of cholecalciferol, as two oral soft capsules b.i.d. as an add-on to the SOC (n = 25) (CQC arm) for 14 days. The SOC includes paracetamol with or without antibiotic (azithromycin). Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) RT-PCR test, acute symptoms, and biochemistry including C-reactive protein (CRP), D-dimer, lactate dehydrogenase, ferritin, and complete blood count were evaluated at baseline and follow-up day seven. Results: Patients who received the CQC adjuvant therapy showed expedited negativization of the SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR test, i.e., 15 (60.0%) vs. five (20.0%) of the control arm, p = 0.009. COVID-19- associated acute symptoms were rapidly resolved in the CQC arm, i.e., 15 (60.0%) vs. 10 (40.0%) of the control arm, p = 0.154. Patients in the CQC arm experienced a greater fall in serum CRP levels, i.e., from (median (IQR) 34.0 (21.0, 45.0) to 11.0 (5.0, 16.0) mg/dl as compared to the control arm, i.e., from 36.0 (28.0, 47.0) to 22.0 (15.0, 25.0) mg/dl, p = 0.006. The adjuvant therapy of co-supplementation of CQC was safe and well-tolerated by all 25 patients and no treatment-emergent effects, complications, side effects, or serious adverse events were reported. Conclusion: The co-supplementation of CQC may possibly have a therapeutic role in the early stage of COVID-19 infection including speedy negativization of the SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR test, resolution of acute symptoms, and modulation of the hyperinflammatory response. In combination with routine care, the adjuvant co-supplementation of CQC may possibly help in the speedy recovery from early-stage mild to moderate symptoms of COVID-19. Further research is warranted. Clinical Trial Registration:Clinicaltrials.gov, identifier NCT05130671
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Affiliation(s)
- Amjad Khan
- INEOS Oxford Institute for AMR Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Department of Biochemistry, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro, Pakistan
- *Correspondence: Amjad Khan,
| | - Somia Iqtadar
- Department of Medicine, King Edward Medical University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sami Ullah Mumtaz
- Department of Medicine, King Edward Medical University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Michael Heinrich
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Domingo A. Pascual-Figal
- Department of Cardiology, University of Murcia Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Sajid Abaidullah
- Department of Medicine, King Edward Medical University, Lahore, Pakistan
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15
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Pawar A, Russo M, Rani I, Goswami K, Russo GL, Pal A. A critical evaluation of risk to reward ratio of quercetin supplementation for COVID-19 and associated comorbid conditions. Phytother Res 2022; 36:2394-2415. [PMID: 35393674 PMCID: PMC9111035 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The interim results of the large, multinational trials on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) using a combination of antiviral drugs appear to have little to no effect on the 28‐day mortality or the in‐hospital course. Therefore, there is a still vivid interest in finding alternate re‐purposed drugs and nutrition supplements, which can halt or slow the disease severity. We review here the multiple preclinical studies, partially supported by clinical evidence showing the quercetin's possible therapeutic/prophylaxis efficacy against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS‐CoV) as well as comorbidities like chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), diabetes mellitus, obesity, coagulopathy, and hypertension. Currently, 14 interventional clinical trials are underway assessing the efficacy of quercetin along with other antiviral drugs/nutritional supplements as prophylaxis/treatment option against COVID‐19. The present review is tempting to suggest that, based on circumstantial scientific evidence and preliminary clinical data, the flavonoid quercetin can ameliorate COVID‐19 infection and symptoms acting in concert on two parallel and independent paths: inhibiting key factors responsible for SARS‐CoV‐2 infections and mitigating the clinical manifestations of the disease in patients with comorbid conditions. Despite the broad therapeutic properties of quercetin, further high power randomized clinical trials are needed to firmly establish its clinical efficacy against COVID‐19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil Pawar
- Department of Zoology, DAV University, Jalandhar, India
| | - Maria Russo
- National Research Council, Institute of Food Sciences, Avellino, Italy
| | - Isha Rani
- Department of Biochemistry, Maharishi Markandeshwar Institute of Medical Sciences and Research (MMIMSR), Maharishi Markandeshwar University (MMU), Ambala, India
| | | | - Gian Luigi Russo
- National Research Council, Institute of Food Sciences, Avellino, Italy
| | - Amit Pal
- Department of Biochemistry, AIIMS, Kalyani, India
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16
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Septembre-Malaterre A, Boumendjel A, Seteyen ALS, Boina C, Gasque P, Guiraud P, Sélambarom J. Focus on the high therapeutic potentials of quercetin and its derivatives. PHYTOMEDICINE PLUS : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 2:100220. [PMID: 35403087 PMCID: PMC8759805 DOI: 10.1016/j.phyplu.2022.100220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polyphenols and particularly flavonoids are of constant interest to the scientific community. Flavonoids are investigated for their biological and pharmacological purposes, notably as antioxidant, anticancer, antiviral and for their anti-inflammatory activities. Certainly, one of the best-known flavonols recognized for its therapeutic and preventive properties, is quercetin. Despite its biological interest, quercetin suffer from some drawbacks, mainly related to its bioavailability. Hence, its synthetic or biosynthetic derivatives have been the subject of intensive research. The health-promoting biological activities of flavonols and derivatives mainly arise from their capacity to disrupt the host-pathogen interactions and/or to regulate host cellular functions including oxidative processes and immunological responses. In the age of coronavirus pandemic, the anti-inflammatory and antiviral potential of flavonols should be put forward to explore these substances for decreasing the viral load and inflammatory storm caused by the infection. PURPOSE OF STUDY The present review will decipher and discuss the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antiviral capacities of major flavonol with a focus on the molecular basis and structure-activity relationships. STUDY DESIGN Current study used a combination of quercetin derivatives, pathway, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiviral activities as keywords to retrieve the literature. This study critically reviewed the current literature and presented the ability of natural analogs of quercetin having superior antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antiviral effects than the original molecule. RESULTS This review allowed the identification of relevant key structure-activity relationship elements and highlight approaches on the mechanisms governing the antioxidant, antiviral and anti-inflammatory activities. CONCLUSION Through a critical analysis of the literature, flavonols and more precisely quercetin derivatives reviewed and found to act simultaneously on inflammation, virus and oxidative stress, three key factors that may lead to life threatening diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axelle Septembre-Malaterre
- Université de La Réunion, Unité de recherche Etudes Pharmaco-Immunologie (EPI), CHU La Réunion site Félix Guyon, Allée des Topazes, CS11021, 97400 Saint Denis de La Réunion, France
- Laboratoire d'immunologie clinique et expérimentale de la zone de l'océan indien (LICE-OI) CHU La Réunion site Félix Guyon, Allée des Topazes, CS11021, 97400 Saint Denis de La Réunion, France
| | | | - Anne-Laure Sandenon Seteyen
- Université de La Réunion, Unité de recherche Etudes Pharmaco-Immunologie (EPI), CHU La Réunion site Félix Guyon, Allée des Topazes, CS11021, 97400 Saint Denis de La Réunion, France
| | - Chailas Boina
- Université de La Réunion, Unité de recherche Etudes Pharmaco-Immunologie (EPI), CHU La Réunion site Félix Guyon, Allée des Topazes, CS11021, 97400 Saint Denis de La Réunion, France
- Laboratoire d'immunologie clinique et expérimentale de la zone de l'océan indien (LICE-OI) CHU La Réunion site Félix Guyon, Allée des Topazes, CS11021, 97400 Saint Denis de La Réunion, France
| | - Philippe Gasque
- Université de La Réunion, Unité de recherche Etudes Pharmaco-Immunologie (EPI), CHU La Réunion site Félix Guyon, Allée des Topazes, CS11021, 97400 Saint Denis de La Réunion, France
- Laboratoire d'immunologie clinique et expérimentale de la zone de l'océan indien (LICE-OI) CHU La Réunion site Félix Guyon, Allée des Topazes, CS11021, 97400 Saint Denis de La Réunion, France
| | - Pascale Guiraud
- Université de La Réunion, Unité de recherche Etudes Pharmaco-Immunologie (EPI), CHU La Réunion site Félix Guyon, Allée des Topazes, CS11021, 97400 Saint Denis de La Réunion, France
| | - Jimmy Sélambarom
- Université de La Réunion, Unité de recherche Etudes Pharmaco-Immunologie (EPI), CHU La Réunion site Félix Guyon, Allée des Topazes, CS11021, 97400 Saint Denis de La Réunion, France
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17
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Sagar NA, Pareek S, Benkeblia N, Xiao J. Onion (
Allium cepa
L.) bioactives: Chemistry, pharmacotherapeutic functions, and industrial applications. FOOD FRONTIERS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/fft2.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Narashans Alok Sagar
- Department of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management Kundli Sonepat Haryana India
| | - Sunil Pareek
- Department of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management Kundli Sonepat Haryana India
| | - Noureddine Benkeblia
- Department of Life Sciences/The Biotechnology Centre The University of the West Indies Kingston Jamaica
| | - Jianbo Xiao
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry Faculty of Sciences Universidade de Vigo Ourense Spain
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18
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A review of natural foods consumed during the COVID-19 pandemic life. POSTEP HIG MED DOSW 2022. [DOI: 10.2478/ahem-2022-0020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease that has brought life to a standstill around the world. Until a vaccine was found to combat COVID-19, the world conducted research and made recommendations for nutritional natural foods. Considering the risks incurred by contracting the disease, even though the production of various vaccines and vaccination of healthy people has started in some countries, individuals need useful foods to be ready for the COVID-19 pandemic. Recently, nutrient contents such as antioxidant compounds, vitamins, minerals, and probiotics that contribute to the immune system have been investigated. This paper attempts to determine the role of these dietary supplements in reducing the risk of COVID-19 and/or changing the course of the disease in COVID-19 patients and their effects on mortality. Supplements used and recommended for the COVID-19 pandemic life were investigated. In conclusion, more research is needed to determine the effectiveness of nutrients, vitamins, minerals, probiotics, prebiotics, and antioxidants used during the COVID-19 pandemic to inhibit the effect of SARS-CoV-2. In order to overcome the new global crisis, nutritional cures and treatments should be upgraded. However, additional research on the subject is needed.
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19
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Mahmud S, Hasan MR, Biswas S, Paul GK, Afrose S, Mita MA, Sultana Shimu MS, Promi MM, Hani U, Rahamathulla M, Khan MA, Zaman S, Uddin MS, Rahmatullah M, Jahan R, Alqahtani AM, Saleh MA, Emran TB. Screening of Potent Phytochemical Inhibitors Against SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease: An Integrative Computational Approach. FRONTIERS IN BIOINFORMATICS 2021; 1:717141. [PMID: 36303755 PMCID: PMC9581031 DOI: 10.3389/fbinf.2021.717141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a potentially lethal and devastating disease that has quickly become a public health threat worldwide. Due to its high transmission rate, many countries were forced to implement lockdown protocols, wreaking havoc on the global economy and the medical crisis. The main protease (Mpro) of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative virus for COVID-19, represent an effective target for the development of a new drug/vaccine because it is well-conserved and plays a vital role in viral replication. Mpro inhibition can stop the replication, transcription as well as recombination of SARS-CoV-2 after the infection and thus can halt the formation of virus particles, making Mpro a viable therapeutic target. Here, we constructed a phytochemical dataset based on a rigorous literature review and explored the probability that various phytochemicals will bind with the main protease using a molecular docking approach. The top three hit compounds, medicagol, faradiol, and flavanthrin, had binding scores of −8.3, −8.6, and −8.8 kcal/mol, respectively, in the docking analysis. These three compounds bind to the active groove, consisting of His41, Cys45, Met165, Met49, Gln189, Thr24, and Thr190, resulting in main protease inhibition. Moreover, the multiple descriptors from the molecular dynamics simulation, including the root-mean-square deviation, root-mean-square fluctuation, solvent-accessible surface area, radius of gyration, and hydrogen bond analysis, confirmed the stable nature of the docked complexes. In addition, absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) analysis confirmed a lack of toxicity or carcinogenicity for the screened compounds. Our computational analysis may contribute toward the design of an effective drug against the main protease of SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shafi Mahmud
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Microbiology Laboratory, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Robiul Hasan
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Suvro Biswas
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Gobindo Kumar Paul
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Microbiology Laboratory, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Shamima Afrose
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Mohsana Akter Mita
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | | | - Maria Meha Promi
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Umme Hani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Rahamathulla
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Md. Arif Khan
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, University of Development Alternative, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Shahriar Zaman
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Microbiology Laboratory, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Salah Uddin
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Microbiology Laboratory, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammed Rahmatullah
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, University of Development Alternative, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Rownak Jahan
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, University of Development Alternative, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Ali M. Alqahtani
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Md. Abu Saleh
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Microbiology Laboratory, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
- *Correspondence: Md. Abu Saleh, ; Talha Bin Emran,
| | - Talha Bin Emran
- Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong, Bangladesh
- *Correspondence: Md. Abu Saleh, ; Talha Bin Emran,
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20
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Antiviral Active Compounds Derived from Natural Sources against Herpes Simplex Viruses. Viruses 2021; 13:v13071386. [PMID: 34372592 PMCID: PMC8310208 DOI: 10.3390/v13071386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Herpes simplex viruses (HSV) are ubiquitously distributed with a seroprevalence ranging up to 95% in the adult population. Refractory viral infections with herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and type 2 (HSV-2) represent a major global health issue. In particular, the increasing occurrence of resistance to conventional antiviral drugs make the therapy of such infections even more challenging. For instance, the frequent and long-term use of acyclovir and other nucleoside analogues targeting the viral DNA-polymerase enhance the development of resistant viruses. Particularly, the incidental increase of those strains in immunocompromised patients is alarming and represent a major health concern. Alternative treatment concepts are clearly needed. Natural products such as herbal medicines showed antiherpetic activity in vitro and in vivo and proved to be an excellent source for the discovery and isolation of novel antivirals. By this means, numerous plant-derived compounds with antiviral or antimicrobial activity could be isolated. Natural medicines and their ingredients are well-tolerated and could be a good alternative for treating herpes simplex virus infections. This review provides an overview of the recent status of natural sources such as plants, bacteria, fungi, and their ingredients with antiviral activity against herpes simplex viruses. Furthermore, we highlight the most potent herbal medicines and ingredients as promising candidates for clinical investigation and give an overview about the most important drug classes along with their potential antiviral mechanisms. The content of this review is based on articles that were published between 1996 and 2021.
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21
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Mondal J, Das Mahapatra A, Mandal KC, Chattopadhyay D. An extract of Stephania hernandifolia, an ethnomedicinal plant, inhibits herpes simplex virus 1 entry. Arch Virol 2021; 166:2187-2198. [PMID: 34041610 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-021-05093-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Stephania hernandifolia (Nimukho), an ethnomedicinal herb from rural Bengal, has been used traditionally for the management of nerve, skin, urinary, and digestive ailments. Here, we attempted to confirm the antiviral potential of aqueous, methanol, and chloroform extracts of S. hernandifolia against herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), the causative agent of orolabial herpes in humans, and decipher its underlying mechanism of action. The bioactive extract was standardized and characterized by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy, while cytotoxicity and antiviral activity were evaluated by MTT and plaque reduction assay, respectively. Two HSV strains, HSV-1F and the clinical isolate VU-09, were inhibited by the chloroform extract (CE) with a median effective concentration (EC50) of 4.32 and 4.50 µg/ml respectively, with a selectivity index (SI) of 11. Time-of-addition assays showed that pre-treatment of virus-infected cells with the CE and its removal before infection reduced the number of plaques without lasting toxicity to the cell, indicating that the CE affected the early stage in the viral life cycle. The number of plaques was also reduced by direct inactivation of virions and by the addition of CE for a short time following attachment of virions. These results together suggest that modification of either the virion surface or the cell surface by the CE inhibits virus entry into the host cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joy Mondal
- ICMR-NICED Virus Unit, ID and BG Hospital, GB-4, First Floor, 57 Dr. Suresh C Banerjee Road, Beliaghata, Kolkata, 700010, India
- Department of Microbiology, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, West Bengal, India
| | - Ananya Das Mahapatra
- ICMR-NICED Virus Unit, ID and BG Hospital, GB-4, First Floor, 57 Dr. Suresh C Banerjee Road, Beliaghata, Kolkata, 700010, India
| | - Keshab C Mandal
- Department of Microbiology, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, West Bengal, India
| | - Debprasad Chattopadhyay
- ICMR-NICED Virus Unit, ID and BG Hospital, GB-4, First Floor, 57 Dr. Suresh C Banerjee Road, Beliaghata, Kolkata, 700010, India.
- ICMR-National Institute of Traditional Medicine, Nehru Nagar, Belagavi, 590010, India.
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22
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Musarra-Pizzo M, Pennisi R, Ben-Amor I, Mandalari G, Sciortino MT. Antiviral Activity Exerted by Natural Products against Human Viruses. Viruses 2021; 13:v13050828. [PMID: 34064347 PMCID: PMC8147851 DOI: 10.3390/v13050828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral infections are responsible for several chronic and acute diseases in both humans and animals. Despite the incredible progress in human medicine, several viral diseases, such as acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, respiratory syndromes, and hepatitis, are still associated with high morbidity and mortality rates in humans. Natural products from plants or other organisms are a rich source of structurally novel chemical compounds including antivirals. Indeed, in traditional medicine, many pathological conditions have been treated using plant-derived medicines. Thus, the identification of novel alternative antiviral agents is of critical importance. In this review, we summarize novel phytochemicals with antiviral activity against human viruses and their potential application in treating or preventing viral disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Musarra-Pizzo
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale SS. Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy; (M.M.-P.); (R.P.); (I.B.-A.)
| | - Rosamaria Pennisi
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale SS. Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy; (M.M.-P.); (R.P.); (I.B.-A.)
- Shenzhen International Institute for Biomedical Research, 1301 Guanguang Rd. 3F Building 1-B, Silver Star Hi-Tech Park Longhua District, Shenzhen 518116, China
| | - Ichrak Ben-Amor
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale SS. Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy; (M.M.-P.); (R.P.); (I.B.-A.)
- Unit of Biotechnology and Pathologies, Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3029, Tunisia
| | - Giuseppina Mandalari
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale SS. Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy; (M.M.-P.); (R.P.); (I.B.-A.)
- Correspondence: (G.M.); (M.T.S.); Tel.: +39-090-6767-5217 (G.M. & M.T.S.)
| | - Maria Teresa Sciortino
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale SS. Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy; (M.M.-P.); (R.P.); (I.B.-A.)
- Correspondence: (G.M.); (M.T.S.); Tel.: +39-090-6767-5217 (G.M. & M.T.S.)
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23
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Khan SA, Al-Balushi K. Combating COVID-19: The role of drug repurposing and medicinal plants. J Infect Public Health 2021; 14:495-503. [PMID: 33743371 PMCID: PMC7590838 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2020.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Revised: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A novel corona virus-2 disease has spread to 213 countries and territories across the globe. The corona pandemic has claimed more than 548,934 deaths worldwide till the evening of 8th of July 2020 and the number of confirmed cases is increasing at an alarming rate. Therefore, there is an urgent need to find a treatment or a vaccine for COVID-19 at the earliest. The aim of this mini-review is to give an overview of identified repurposed anti-COVID-19 drugs which are currently under clinical trials. METHODS A thorough literature survey was done to retrieve relevant information using various web based search engines such as Google, Google scholar, and various other electronic research databases such as PubMed, Medline, MeSh etc. The findings of the recently published articles, clinical trials, COVID-19 update by World Health Organization etc., and the opinion of the authors is summarized in this brief review. The antiviral medicinal plants were identified based on their use in Chinese/Indian indigenous systems of medicine, traditional use, published scientific phytochemical studies and/or their effectiveness against upper respiratory infections, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) or Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS). RESULTS The disease is just over six months old and effective prophylactic or therapeutic agents are yet to be developed for COVID-19. Thus, in the absence of an effective therapy, scientific community has rationally considered the drug repurposing approach for the development of anti COVID-19 drugs. Various studies and clinical trials involving antimalarial drugs, anti-HIV drugs, anti-hepatitis drugs, anti-parasitic drug, anti-inflammatory drugs, the combination of antimalarial and macrolide antibiotic and few other molecules identified through drug repurposing are currently underway to combat COVID-19. Due emphasis is also given to develop novel corona vaccines for the prophylaxis and to identify drugs for adjunct/supportive therapy. Several medicinal plants along with their major phytochemicals exhibiting antiviral activity are identified for further exploration. It is anticipated that these natural products might also play an important role in combating COVID-19. CONCLUSIONS Use of drug repurposing strategy to develop anti COVID-19 drugs and exploring antiviral medicinal plants as adjunct or supportive therapy appears to be a viable option. Therefore, it is the need of the hour to work in parallel on different strategies such as genetic engineering, in silico approach, herbal remedies and drug repositioning to achieve the common goal of finding a safe and effective treatment for COVID-19 at the earliest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shah A Khan
- College of Pharmacy, National University of Science and Technology, PO Box 620, PC 130, Muscat, Oman.
| | - K Al-Balushi
- College of Pharmacy, National University of Science and Technology, PO Box 620, PC 130, Muscat, Oman
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24
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Garber A, Barnard L, Pickrell C. Review of Whole Plant Extracts With Activity Against Herpes Simplex Viruses In Vitro and In Vivo. J Evid Based Integr Med 2021; 26:2515690X20978394. [PMID: 33593082 PMCID: PMC7894602 DOI: 10.1177/2515690x20978394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Herpes simplex viruses, HSV-1 and HSV-2, are highly contagious and cause lifelong, latent infections with recurrent outbreaks of oral and/or genital lesions. No cure exists for HSV-1 or HSV-2 infections, but antiviral medications are commonly used to prevent and treat outbreaks. Resistance to antivirals has begun to emerge, placing an importance on finding new and effective therapies for prophylaxis and treatment of HSV outbreaks. Botanicals may be effective HSV therapies as the constituents they contain act through a variety of mechanisms, potentially making the development of antiviral resistance more challenging. A wide variety of plants from different regions in the world have been studied for antiviral activity against HSV-1 and/or HSV-2 and showed efficacy of varying degrees. The purpose of this review is to summarize research conducted on whole plant extracts against HSV-1 and/or HSV-2 in vitro and in vivo. The majority of the research reviewed was conducted in vitro using animal cell lines, and some studies used an animal model design. Also summarized are a limited number of human trials conducted using botanical therapies on HSV lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Garber
- Department of Research, Canadian College of Naturopathic Medicine, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lianna Barnard
- Department of Research, Canadian College of Naturopathic Medicine, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Chris Pickrell
- Department of Research, Canadian College of Naturopathic Medicine, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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25
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Olaleye O, Titilope O, Moses O. Possible health benefits of polyphenols in neurological disorders associated with COVID-19. ACTA FACULTATIS MEDICAE NAISSENSIS 2021. [DOI: 10.5937/afmnai38-30190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Novel Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) represents an emergent global health burden that has challenged the health systems worldwide. Since its sudden upsurge in 2019, many COVID-19 patients have exhibited neurological symptoms and complications. Till now, there is no known effective established drug against the highly contagious COVID-19 infection despite the frightening associated mortality rate. This article aims to present the mechanism of action of coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), the clinical neurological manifestations displayed by COVID-19 patients, and present polyphenols with neuroprotective ability that can offer beneficial effects against COVID-19-mediated neuropathology. Reports from COVID-19 clinical studies, case reports, and other related literature were evaluated for this review. Neurological complications of COVID-19 include anosmia, acute cerebrovascular disease, acute disseminated post-infectious encephalomyelitis, encephalitis, etc. Also, SARS-CoV-2 sould be a neurotropic vіruѕ due to its iѕolatіon from serebroѕrіnal fluіd. Multіrle neurologіsal damages displayed by COVID-19 patients might be due to hyperinflammation associated with SARS-CoV-2 infections. Resveratrol, kolaviron, quercetin and apigenin are polyphenols with proven anti-inflammatory and therapeutic properties that can extenuate the adverse effects of COVID-19. These polyphenols have been documented to suppress c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3-K), extrasellularѕіgnal-regulated kinase (ERK), nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B-cells (NF-kB) and mіtogen-astіvated protein kіnaѕe (MAPK) pathways which are essential in the pathogenesis of COVID-19. They also showed significant inhibitory activities against SARS-CoV-2 proteins. Taken together, these polyphenols may offer neuroprotective benefits against COVID-19 mediated neuropathology via modulation of the pathogenic pathways.
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26
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Kalló G, Kunkli B, Győri Z, Szilvássy Z, Csősz É, Tőzsér J. Compounds with Antiviral, Anti-Inflammatory and Anticancer Activity Identified in Wine from Hungary's Tokaj Region via High Resolution Mass Spectrometry and Bioinformatics Analyses. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E9547. [PMID: 33334025 PMCID: PMC7765363 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Wine contains a variety of molecules with potential beneficial effects on human health. Our aim was to examine the wine components with high-resolution mass spectrometry including high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry in two wine types made from grapes with or without the fungus Botrytis cinerea, or "noble rot". (2) For LC-MS/MS analysis, 12 wine samples (7 without and 5 with noble rotting) from 4 different wineries were used and wine components were identified and quantified. (3) Results: 288 molecules were identified in the wines and the amount of 169 molecules was statistically significantly different between the two wine types. A database search was carried out to find the molecules, which were examined in functional studies so far, with high emphasis on molecules with antiviral, anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities. (4) Conclusions: A comprehensive functional dataset related to identified wine components is also provided highlighting the importance of components with potential health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gergő Kalló
- Proteomics Core Facility, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (G.K.); (É.C.)
- Biomarker Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Balázs Kunkli
- Laboratory of Retroviral Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
- Doctoral School of Molecular Cell and Immune Biology, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Győri
- Institute of Food Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, Böszörményi út 128, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
| | - Zoltán Szilvássy
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
| | - Éva Csősz
- Proteomics Core Facility, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (G.K.); (É.C.)
- Biomarker Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - József Tőzsér
- Proteomics Core Facility, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (G.K.); (É.C.)
- Biomarker Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Laboratory of Retroviral Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
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27
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Agrawal PK, Agrawal C, Blunden G. Quercetin: Antiviral Significance and Possible COVID-19 Integrative Considerations. Nat Prod Commun 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x20976293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Quercetin, a naturally occurring dietary flavonoid, is well known to ameliorate chronic diseases and aging processes in humans, and its antiviral properties have been investigated in numerous studies. In silico and in vitro studies demonstrated that quercetin can interfere with various stages of the coronavirus entry and replication cycle such as PLpro, 3CLpro, and NTPase/helicase. Due to its pleiotropic activities and lack of systemic toxicity, quercetin and its derivatives may represent target compounds to be tested in future clinical trials to enrich the drug arsenal against coronavirus infections. There is evidence that quercetin in combination with, for example, vitamins C and D, may exert a synergistic antiviral action that may provide either an alternative or additional therapeutic/preventive option due to overlapping antiviral and immunomodulatory properties. This review summarizes the antiviral significance of quercetin and proposes a possible strategy for the effective utilization of natural polyphenols in our daily diet for the prevention of viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gerald Blunden
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
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28
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Khalil A, Tazeddinova D. The upshot of Polyphenolic compounds on immunity amid COVID-19 pandemic and other emerging communicable diseases: An appraisal. NATURAL PRODUCTS AND BIOPROSPECTING 2020; 10:411-429. [PMID: 33057955 PMCID: PMC7558243 DOI: 10.1007/s13659-020-00271-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Polyphenols are a large family of more than 10,000 naturally occurring compounds, which exert countless pharmacological, biological and physiological benefits for human health including several chronic diseases such as cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular, and neurological diseases. Their role in traditional medicine, such as the use of a wide range of remedial herbs (thyme, oregano, rosemary, sage, mint, basil), has been well and long known for treating common respiratory problems and cold infections. This review reports on the most highlighted polyphenolic compounds present in up to date literature and their specific antiviral perceptive properties that might enhance the body immunity facing COVID-19, and other viral infectious diseases. In fact, several studies and clinical trials increasingly proved the role of polyphenols in controlling numerous human pathogens including SARS and MERS, which are quite similar to COVID-19 through the enhancement of host immune response against viral infections by different biological mechanisms. Thus, polyphenols ought to be considered as a potential and valuable source for designing new drugs that could be used effectively in the combat against COVID-19 and other rigorous diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayman Khalil
- Department of Food Technology, South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk, Russian Federation
| | - Diana Tazeddinova
- Department of Food Technology, South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk, Russian Federation
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29
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Ben-Shabat S, Yarmolinsky L, Porat D, Dahan A. Antiviral effect of phytochemicals from medicinal plants: Applications and drug delivery strategies. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2020; 10:354-367. [PMID: 31788762 PMCID: PMC7097340 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-019-00691-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Viral infections affect three to five million patients annually. While commonly used antivirals often show limited efficacy and serious adverse effects, herbal extracts have been in use for medicinal purposes since ancient times and are known for their antiviral properties and more tolerable side effects. Thus, naturally based pharmacotherapy may be a proper alternative for treating viral diseases. With that in mind, various pharmaceutical formulations and delivery systems including micelles, nanoparticles, nanosuspensions, solid dispersions, microspheres and crystals, self-nanoemulsifying and self-microemulsifying drug delivery systems (SNEDDS and SMEDDS) have been developed and used for antiviral delivery of natural products. These diverse technologies offer effective and reliable delivery of medicinal phytochemicals. Given the challenges and possibilities of antiviral treatment, this review provides the verified data on the medicinal plants and related herbal substances with antiviral activity, as well as applied strategies for the delivery of these plant extracts and biologically active phytochemicals. Graphical Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimon Ben-Shabat
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 8410501, Beer-Sheva, Israel.
| | | | - Daniel Porat
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 8410501, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Arik Dahan
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 8410501, Beer-Sheva, Israel.
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30
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Zitterl-Eglseer K, Marschik T. Antiviral Medicinal Plants of Veterinary Importance: A Literature Review. PLANTA MEDICA 2020; 86:1058-1072. [PMID: 32777833 DOI: 10.1055/a-1224-6115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Viruses have a high mutation rate, and, thus, there is a continual emergence of new antiviral-resistant strains. Therefore, it becomes imperative to explore and develop new antiviral compounds continually. The search for pharmacological substances of plant origin that are effective against animal viruses, which have a high mortality rate or cause large economic losses, has garnered interest in the last few decades. This systematic review compiles 130 plant species that exhibit antiviral activity on 37 different virus species causing serious diseases in animals. The kind of extract, fraction, or compound exhibiting the antiviral activity and the design of the trial were particularly considered for review. The literature revealed details regarding plant species exhibiting antiviral activities against pathogenic animal virus species of the following families-Herpesviridae, Orthomyxoviridae, Paramyxoviridae, Parvoviridae, Poxviridae, Nimaviridae, Coronaviridae, Reoviridae, and Rhabdoviridae-that cause infections, among others, in poultry, cattle, pigs, horses, shrimps, and fish. Overall, 30 plant species exhibited activity against various influenza viruses, most of them causing avian influenza. Furthermore, 30 plant species were noted to be active against Newcastle disease virus. In addition, regarding the pathogens most frequently investigated, this review provides a compilation of 20 plant species active against bovine herpesvirus, 16 against fowlpox virus, 12 against white spot syndrome virus in marine shrimps, and 10 against suide herpesvirus. Nevertheless, some plant extracts, particularly their compounds, are promising candidates for the development of new antiviral remedies, which are urgently required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Zitterl-Eglseer
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tatiana Marschik
- Unit of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
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Sachithanandam V, Parthiban A, Lalitha P, Muthukumaran J, Jain M, Elumalai D, Jayabal K, Sridhar R, Ramachandran P, Ramachandran R. Biological evaluation of gallic acid and quercetin derived from Ceriops tagal: insights from extensive in vitro and in silico studies. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2020; 40:1490-1502. [PMID: 32996435 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1828173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Gallic acid (PubChem CID: 370) and quercetin (PubChem CID: 5280343) are major phenolic compounds in many mangrove plants that have been related to health cure. In the present study, the active fractions namely gallic acid (1) and quercetin (2) were isolated from the methanolic extract of leaves of Ceriops tagal in a Tropical mangrove ecosystem of Andaman and Nicobar Island (ANI), India. The chemical structures were determined by spectroscopic analysis: Fourier-Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), 1H, 13C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, and High-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). The anticancer activity of isolated compounds (1) and (2) were evaluated by in vitro assays against two human cancer cell lines namely, HeLa (Cervical) and MDA-MB231 (Breast) cancer cells revealed that IC50 values of gallic acid (HeLa: 4.179197 ± 0.45 µg/ml; MDA-MB231: 80.0427 ± 0.19 µg/ml at 24 h) and quercetin (HeLa: 99.914 ± 0.18 µg/ml; MDA-MB231: 18.288382 ± 0.12 µg/ml at 24 h), respectively. Antioxidant properties of gallic acid (1) and quercetin (2) are found to be IC50 value of 0.77 ± 0.41 µg/ml and 1.897 ± 0.81 µg/ml, respectively. Molecular docking results explained that gallic acid (1) and quercetin (2) showed estimated binding free energy (ΔG) of -5.4 and -6.9 kcal/mol towards drug target Bcl-B protein, respectively. The estimated inhibition constant (Ki) for these two molecules are 110 and 8.75 μM, respectively. The MD simulation additionally supported that quercetin molecule is significantly improved the structural stability of Bcl-B protein. The present study provides key insights about the importance of polyphenols, and thus leads to open the therapeutic route for anti-cancer drug discovery process.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Sachithanandam
- National Centre for Sustainable Coastal Management, Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Anna University Campus, Chennai, India
| | - A Parthiban
- National Centre for Sustainable Coastal Management, Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Anna University Campus, Chennai, India
| | - P Lalitha
- National Centre for Sustainable Coastal Management, Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Anna University Campus, Chennai, India
| | - Jayaraman Muthukumaran
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, India
| | - Monika Jain
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, India
| | | | | | - R Sridhar
- National Centre for Sustainable Coastal Management, Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Anna University Campus, Chennai, India
| | - Purvaja Ramachandran
- National Centre for Sustainable Coastal Management, Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Anna University Campus, Chennai, India
| | - Ramesh Ramachandran
- National Centre for Sustainable Coastal Management, Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Anna University Campus, Chennai, India
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Mendonca P, Soliman KFA. Flavonoids Activation of the Transcription Factor Nrf2 as a Hypothesis Approach for the Prevention and Modulation of SARS-CoV-2 Infection Severity. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E659. [PMID: 32722164 PMCID: PMC7463602 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9080659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The Nrf2-Keap1-ARE pathway is the principal regulator of antioxidant and phase II detoxification genes. Its activation increases the expression of antioxidant and cytoprotective proteins, protecting cells against infections. Nrf2 modulates virus-induced oxidative stress, ROS generation, and disease pathogenesis, which are vital in the viral life cycle. During respiratory viral infections, such as the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), an inflammatory process, and oxidative stress of the epithelium lining cells activate the transcription factor Nrf2, which protects cells from oxidative stress and inflammation. Nrf2 reduces angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors expression in respiratory epithelial cells. SARS-CoV2 has a high affinity for ACE2 that works as receptors for coronavirus surface spike glycoprotein, facilitating viral entry. Disease severity may also be modulated by pre-existing conditions, such as impaired immune response, obesity, and age, where decreased level of Nrf2 is a common feature. Consequently, Nrf2 activators may increase Nrf2 levels and enhance antiviral mediators' expression, which could initiate an "antiviral state", priming cells against viral infection. Therefore, this hypothesis paper describes the use of flavonoid supplements combined with vitamin D3 to activate Nrf2, which may be a potential target to prevent and/or decrease SARS-CoV-2 infection severity, reducing oxidative stress and inflammation, enhancing innate immunity, and downregulating ACE2 receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Karam F. A. Soliman
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA;
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Colunga Biancatelli RML, Berrill M, Catravas JD, Marik PE. Quercetin and Vitamin C: An Experimental, Synergistic Therapy for the Prevention and Treatment of SARS-CoV-2 Related Disease (COVID-19). Front Immunol 2020; 11:1451. [PMID: 32636851 PMCID: PMC7318306 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 269] [Impact Index Per Article: 67.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) represents an emergent global threat which is straining worldwide healthcare capacity. As of May 27th, the disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) has resulted in more than 340,000 deaths worldwide, with 100,000 deaths in the US alone. It is imperative to study and develop pharmacological treatments suitable for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19. Ascorbic acid is a crucial vitamin necessary for the correct functioning of the immune system. It plays a role in stress response and has shown promising results when administered to the critically ill. Quercetin is a well-known flavonoid whose antiviral properties have been investigated in numerous studies. There is evidence that vitamin C and quercetin co-administration exerts a synergistic antiviral action due to overlapping antiviral and immunomodulatory properties and the capacity of ascorbate to recycle quercetin, increasing its efficacy. Safe, cheap interventions which have a sound biological rationale should be prioritized for experimental use in the current context of a global health pandemic. We present the current evidence for the use of vitamin C and quercetin both for prophylaxis in high-risk populations and for the treatment of COVID-19 patients as an adjunct to promising pharmacological agents such as Remdesivir or convalescent plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruben Manuel Luciano Colunga Biancatelli
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, United States.,Frank Reidy Research Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, United States.,Policlinico Umberto I, La Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Max Berrill
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, St. Peter's Hospital, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - John D Catravas
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, United States.,Frank Reidy Research Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, United States.,School of Medical Diagnostic & Translational Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, United States
| | - Paul E Marik
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, United States
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Ndjoubi KO, Sharma R, Hussein AA. The Potential of Natural Diterpenes Against Tuberculosis: An Updated Review. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:2909-2932. [PMID: 32532186 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200612163326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Every year, 10 million people are affected by tuberculosis (TB). Despite being a preventable and curable disease, 1.5 million people die from TB each year, making it the world's top infectious disease. Many of the frontline antibiotics cause painful and disagreeable side effects. To mitigate the side effects from the use of chemically synthesized or clinical anti-tubercular drugs, there are many research studies focussed on natural products as a source of potential anti-tuberculosis drugs. Among different phytoconstituents, several classes of diterpenoids exert significant antimicrobial effects. This review explores diterpenoids as potential anti-tubercular drugs from natural sources. A total of 204 diterpenoids isolated from medicinal plants and marine species are discussed that inhibit the growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The literature from 1994-2018 is reviewed, and 158 diterpenoids from medicinal plants, as well as 40 diterpenoids from marines, are alluded to have antituberculosis properties. The antitubercular activities discussed in the review indicate that the type of diterpenoids, the Mtb strains, substituents attached to diterpenoids and their position in the diterpenoids general skeleton can change the compounds antimycobacterial inhibitory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kadidiatou O Ndjoubi
- Chemistry Department, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville Campus, Symphony Road, 7535 Bellville, South Africa
| | - Rajan Sharma
- Chemistry Department, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville Campus, Symphony Road, 7535 Bellville, South Africa
| | - Ahmed A Hussein
- Chemistry Department, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville Campus, Symphony Road, 7535 Bellville, South Africa
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Roumy V, Ruiz L, Ruiz Macedo JC, Gutierrez-Choquevilca AL, Samaillie J, Encinas LA, Mesia WR, Ricopa Cotrina HE, Rivière C, Sahpaz S, Bordage S, Garçon G, Dubuisson J, Anthérieu S, Seron K, Hennebelle T. Viral hepatitis in the Peruvian Amazon: Ethnomedical context and phytomedical resource. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 255:112735. [PMID: 32147478 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE An extensive ethnopharmacological survey was carried out in the Peruvian Amazonian district of Loreto with informants of various cultural origins from the surroundings of Iquitos (capital city of Loreto) and from 15 isolated riverine Quechua communities of the Pastaza River. A close attention was paid to the medical context and plant therapy, leading to the selection of 35 plant species (45 extracts). The extracts were tested for antiviral activity against HCV with counting of Huh-7 cellular death in case of toxicity, and cytotoxicity was evaluated in HepG2 cells. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of the study was to inventory the plants used against hepatitis in Loreto, then to evaluate their antiviral activity and to suggest a way to improve local therapeutic strategy against viral hepatitis, which is a fatal disease that is still increasing in this area. MATERIALS AND METHODS An ethnographic survey was carried out using "participant-observation" methodology and focusing on plant therapy against hepatitis including associated remedies. 45 parts of plant were extracted with methanol and tested in vitro for anti-HCV activity in 96-well plate, using HCV cell culture system with immunofluorescent detection assisted by automated confocal microscopy. Toxicity of plant extracts was also evaluated in microplates on hepatic cells by immunofluorescent detection, for the Huh-7 nuclei viability, and by UV-absorbance measurement of MTT formazan for cytotoxicity in HepG2 cells. RESULTS In vitro assay revealed interesting activity of 18 extracts (50% infection inhibition at 25 μg/mL) with low cytotoxicity for 15 of them. Result analysis showed that at least 30% of HCV virus were inhibited at 25 μg/mL for 60% of the plant extracts. Moreover, the ethnomedical survey showed that remedies used with low and accurate dosing as targeted therapy against hepatitis are usually more active than species indicated with more flexible dosing to alleviate symptoms of hepatic diseases. CONCLUSION Together with bibliographic data analysis, this study supported the traditional medicinal uses of many plants and contributed to a better understanding of the local medical system. It also permitted to refine the therapeutic plant indications regarding patients' liver injuries and vulnerability. Only 2 of the 15 most active plant species have already been studied for antiviral activity against hepatitis suggesting new avenues to be followed for the 13 other species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Roumy
- Univ. Lille, INRA, YNCREA, Univ. Artois, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, EA 7394-ICV-Institut Charles Viollette, F-59000, Lille, France.
| | - Lastenia Ruiz
- Laboratorio de Investigación de Productos Naturales Antiparasitarios de la Amazonia (LIPNAA), Universidad Nacional de la Amazonía Peruana (UNAP), Centro de Investigaciones de Recursos Naturales de la Amazonía (CIRNA), Nuevo San Lorenzo, Iquitos, Perú
| | - Juan Celidonio Ruiz Macedo
- Herbarium de la Amazonía Peruana Amazonense de la Universidad Nacional de la Amazonía Peruana (UNAP), Nanay con Pevas, Iquitos, Perú
| | - Andrea-Luz Gutierrez-Choquevilca
- Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, EPHE PSL, Laboratoire d'anthropologie sociale (UMR 7130, Collège de France, 75005, Paris France)
| | - Jennifer Samaillie
- Univ. Lille, INRA, YNCREA, Univ. Artois, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, EA 7394-ICV-Institut Charles Viollette, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Leonor Arévalo Encinas
- Laboratorio de Investigación de Productos Naturales Antiparasitarios de la Amazonia (LIPNAA), Universidad Nacional de la Amazonía Peruana (UNAP), Centro de Investigaciones de Recursos Naturales de la Amazonía (CIRNA), Nuevo San Lorenzo, Iquitos, Perú
| | - Wilfredo Ruiz Mesia
- Laboratorio de Investigación de Productos Naturales Antiparasitarios de la Amazonia (LIPNAA), Universidad Nacional de la Amazonía Peruana (UNAP), Centro de Investigaciones de Recursos Naturales de la Amazonía (CIRNA), Nuevo San Lorenzo, Iquitos, Perú
| | - Hivelli Ericka Ricopa Cotrina
- Laboratorio de Investigación de Productos Naturales Antiparasitarios de la Amazonia (LIPNAA), Universidad Nacional de la Amazonía Peruana (UNAP), Centro de Investigaciones de Recursos Naturales de la Amazonía (CIRNA), Nuevo San Lorenzo, Iquitos, Perú
| | - Céline Rivière
- Univ. Lille, INRA, YNCREA, Univ. Artois, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, EA 7394-ICV-Institut Charles Viollette, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Sevser Sahpaz
- Univ. Lille, INRA, YNCREA, Univ. Artois, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, EA 7394-ICV-Institut Charles Viollette, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Simon Bordage
- Univ. Lille, INRA, YNCREA, Univ. Artois, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, EA 7394-ICV-Institut Charles Viollette, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Guillaume Garçon
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, EA 4483-IMPECS-IMPact de l'Environnement Chimique sur la Santé humaine, F-59000, Lille France
| | - Jean Dubuisson
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 8204 - CIIL, Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Sebastien Anthérieu
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, EA 4483-IMPECS-IMPact de l'Environnement Chimique sur la Santé humaine, F-59000, Lille France
| | - Karin Seron
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 8204 - CIIL, Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Thierry Hennebelle
- Univ. Lille, INRA, YNCREA, Univ. Artois, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, EA 7394-ICV-Institut Charles Viollette, F-59000, Lille, France
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Hinkov A, Angelova P, Marchev A, Hodzhev Y, Tsvetkov V, Dragolova D, Todorov D, Shishkova K, Kapchina-Toteva V, Blundell R, Shishkov S, Georgiev M. Nepeta nuda ssp. nuda L. water extract: Inhibition of replication of some strains of human alpha herpes virus (genus simplex virus) in vitro, mode of action and NMR-based metabolomics. J Herb Med 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hermed.2020.100334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Antiviral Activities of Quercetin and Isoquercitrin Against Human Herpesviruses. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25102379. [PMID: 32443914 PMCID: PMC7287991 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25102379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously reported that the ethyl acetate (EtOAc) fraction of a 70% ethanol extract of Elaeocarpus sylvestris (ESE) inhibits varicella-zoster virus (VZV) and human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) replication in vitro. PGG (1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloyl-ß-D-glucose) is a major chemical constituent of the EtOAc fraction of ESE that inhibits VZV but not HCMV replication. In this study, we comprehensively screened the chemical compounds identified in the EtOAc fraction of ESE for potential antiviral properties. Among the examined compounds, quercetin and isoquercitrin displayed potent antiviral activities against both VZV and HCMV with no significant cytotoxic effects. Both compounds strongly suppressed the expression of VZV and HCMV immediate–early (IE) genes. Our collective results indicated that, in addition to PGG, quercetin and isoquercitrin are bioactive compounds in the EtOAc fraction of ESE that effectively inhibit human herpesvirus replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yashpal Singh Malik
- ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (ICAR-IVRI), Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Raj Kumar Singh
- ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (ICAR-IVRI), Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Mahendra Pal Yadav
- ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (ICAR-IVRI), Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, India, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut, India
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Oh M, Park S, Song JH, Ko HJ, Kim SH. Chemical components from the twigs of Caesalpinia latisiliqua and their antiviral activity. J Nat Med 2019; 74:26-33. [PMID: 31243670 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-019-01335-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Three new compounds, (3S)-dihydrobonducellin 8-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (1), 3',5'-dimethoxy-jezonolid (2), and latisilinoid (3), along with 16 known compounds, were isolated from the twigs of Caesalpinia latisiliqua (Leguminosae). The known compounds were identified as flavonoids, stilbenes, and phenolics as determined by extensive spectroscopic methods, including 1D and 2D NMR. All the isolated compounds were evaluated for their antiviral activity in HRV1B-, CVB3-, and EV71-infected cells. Among the tested compounds, three flavonoids (4-6) and two stilbenes (12 and 14) exhibited significant antiviral activity. This is the first phytochemical investigation of C. latisiliqua twigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mira Oh
- College of Pharmacy, Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - SeonJu Park
- College of Pharmacy, Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Jae-Hyoung Song
- College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Jeong Ko
- College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Seung Hyun Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, Incheon, South Korea.
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Cataneo AHD, Tomiotto-Pellissier F, Miranda-Sapla MM, Assolini JP, Panis C, Kian D, Yamauchi LM, Colado Simão AN, Casagrande R, Pinge-Filho P, Costa IN, Verri WA, Conchon-Costa I, Pavanelli WR. Quercetin promotes antipromastigote effect by increasing the ROS production and anti-amastigote by upregulating Nrf2/HO-1 expression, affecting iron availability. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 113:108745. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.108745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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Chowdhury MA, Choi M, Ko W, Lee H, Kim SC, Oh H, Woo ER, Kim YC, Lee DS. Standardized microwave extract of Sappan Lignum exerts anti‑inflammatory effects through inhibition of NF‑κB activation via regulation of heme oxygenase‑1 expression. Mol Med Rep 2019; 19:1809-1816. [PMID: 30628677 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.9811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The extract of Sappan Lignum, the heartwood of Caesalpinia sappan L., has been used in medicine to improve blood circulation. Recently, the application of microwave extraction methods has been a major focus of research into the extraction of components from natural sources. In this experiment, we compared the anti‑inflammatory effects of Sappan Lignum prepared by heat‑70% EtOH extraction (CSE‑H‑70E) and microwave‑70% EtOH extraction (CSE‑MW‑70E). High‑performance liquid chromatography analysis was used to identify the compounds in these extracts. The heat‑70% EtOH and microwave‑70% EtOH extracts of Sappan Lignum had different chromatograms. CSE‑MW‑70E significantly inhibited the protein expression of iNOS and COX‑2, PGE2, TNF‑α, and reduced NO and IL‑1β production in macrophages exposed to LPS, whereas, only high concentrations of CSE‑H‑70E (20 µg/ml) resulted in any effects. Furthermore, CSE‑MW‑70E upregulated heme oxygenase‑1 (HO‑1) expression. In addition, the use of tin protoporphyrin, an inhibitor of HO‑1, confirmed the inhibitory effects of CSE‑MW‑70E on pro‑inflammatory mediators. These results suggested that the CSE‑MW‑70E‑mediated upregulation of HO‑1 played an important role in the anti‑inflammatory effects of macrophages. Therefore, these findings showed that microwave extraction can be utilized to improve the extraction efficiency and biological activity of Sappan Lignum.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Moonbum Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeollabuk-do 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonmin Ko
- College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeollabuk-do 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwan Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Sam Cheol Kim
- Department of Family Practice and Community Medicine, Chosun University College of Medicine, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyuncheol Oh
- College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeollabuk-do 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Rhan Woo
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Youn-Chul Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeollabuk-do 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Sung Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
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Ferreira CGT, Campos MG, Felix DM, Santos MR, Carvalho OVD, Diaz MAN, Fietto JLR, Bressan GC, Silva-Júnior A, Almeida MRD. Evaluation of the antiviral activities of Bacharis dracunculifolia and quercetin on Equid herpesvirus 1 in a murine model. Res Vet Sci 2018; 120:70-77. [PMID: 30267998 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2018.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Revised: 08/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Equid herpesvirus 1 (EHV-1) is a pathogen of high economic importance in equine breeding operations around the world. EHV-1 infection causes respiratory, neurologic and reproductive disease. The absence of an efficient therapy has caught the attention of the scientific community and the therapeutic activities of natural products with its antivirals effects might be effective for the disease's treatment. Herein it was evaluated the prophylactic and therapeutic potential of quercetin and ethanolic extracts of Bacharis dracunculifolia formulations compared to Penciclovir® in an in vivo EHV-1 infection model. Six to seven-week-old female C57BL/6 mice were randomly organized into fifteen groups with six animals each. Ex-1 represents the treatment post-challenge groups to assess morbidity, mortality and weight variation. Ex-2 represents the animals that received treatment for 5 days post-challenge for lesion evaluation. In Ex-3 animals were treated prior to viral challenge to assess morbidity, mortality and weight variation. All mice in the treatment groups were challenged by intranasal inoculation of 3.0 × 105 TCID50 EHV-1. The quercetin and B. dracunculifolia treatment decreased morbimortality in post-challenge treatment (Ex-1) and EHV-1 related lesions (Ex-2). Treatment prior to viral challenge (Ex-3) did not show any significant results. Based on the results of the present study, both tested formulations are promising antiviral agents for the treatment of EHV-1 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mateus Gandra Campos
- Departament of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG 36570-700, Brazil
| | - Daniele Mendes Felix
- Departament of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG 36570-700, Brazil
| | | | | | - Marisa Alves Nogueira Diaz
- Departament of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG 36570-700, Brazil
| | - Juliana Lopes Rangel Fietto
- Departament of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG 36570-700, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Costa Bressan
- Departament of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG 36570-700, Brazil
| | - Abelardo Silva-Júnior
- Departament of Veterinary, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG 36570-700, Brazil.
| | - Márcia Rogéria de Almeida
- Departament of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG 36570-700, Brazil.
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Taraxacum officinale and Urtica dioica extracts inhibit dengue virus serotype 2 replication in vitro. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 18:95. [PMID: 29548293 PMCID: PMC5857124 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-018-2163-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Urtica dioica, Taraxacum officinale, Calea integrifolia and Caesalpinia pulcherrima are widely used all over the world for treatment of different illnesses. In Mexico, these plants are traditionally used to alleviate or counteract rheumatism and inflammatory muscle diseases. In the present study we evaluated the activity of aqueous and methanolic extracts of these four plants, on the replication of dengue virus serotype 2 (DENV2). Methods Extraction process was carried out in a Soxtherm® system at 60, 85 and 120 °C; a chemical fractionation in silica gel chromatography was performed and compounds present in the active fractions were identified by HPLC-DAD-ESI/MSn. The cytotoxic concentration and the inhibitory effect of extracts or fractions on the DENV2 replication were analyzed in the BHK-21 cell line (plaque forming assay). The half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) and the selectivity index (SI) were calculated for the extracts and fractions. Results The methanolic extracts at 60 °C of T. officinale and U. dioica showed the higher inhibitory effects on DENV2 replication. After the chemical fractionation, the higher activity fraction was found for U. dioica and T. officinale, presenting IC50 values of 165.7 ± 3.85 and 126.1 ± 2.80 μg/ml, respectively; SI values were 5.59 and 6.01 for each fraction. The compounds present in T. officinale, were luteolin and caffeoylquinic acids derivatives and quercertin diclycosides. The compounds in the active fraction of U. dioica, were, chlorogenic acid, quercertin derivatives and flavonol glycosides (quercetin and kaempferol). Conclusions Two fractions from U. dioica and T. officinale methanolic extracts with anti-dengue activity were found. The compounds present in both fractions were identified, several recognized molecules have demonstrated activity against other viral species. Subsequent biological analysis of the molecules, alone or in combination, contained in the extracts will be carried out to develop therapeutics against DENV2.
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Akram M, Tahir IM, Shah SMA, Mahmood Z, Altaf A, Ahmad K, Munir N, Daniyal M, Nasir S, Mehboob H. Antiviral potential of medicinal plants against HIV, HSV, influenza, hepatitis, and coxsackievirus: A systematic review. Phytother Res 2018; 32:811-822. [PMID: 29356205 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Revised: 12/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Viral infections are being managed therapeutically through available antiviral regimens with unsatisfactory clinical outcomes. The refractory viral infections resistant to available antiviral drugs are alarming threats and a serious health concern. For viral hepatitis, the interferon and vaccine therapies solely are not ultimate solutions due to recurrence of hepatitis C virus. Owing to the growing incidences of viral infections and especially of resistant viral strains, the available therapeutic modalities need to be improved, complemented with the discovery of novel antiviral agents to combat refractory viral infections. It is widely accepted that medicinal plant heritage is nature gifted, precious, and fueled with the valuable resources for treatment of metabolic and infectious disorders. The aims of this review are to assemble the facts and to conclude the therapeutic potential of medicinal plants in the eradication and management of various viral diseases such as influenza, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), herpes simplex virus (HSV), hepatitis, and coxsackievirus infections, which have been proven in diverse clinical studies. The articles, published in the English language since 1982 to 2017, were included from Web of Science, Cochrane Library, AMED, CISCOM, EMBASE, MEDLINE, Scopus, and PubMed by using relevant keywords including plants possessing antiviral activity, the antiviral effects of plants, and plants used in viral disorders. The scientific literature mainly focusing on plant extracts and herbal products with therapeutic efficacies against experimental models of influenza, HIV, HSV, hepatitis, and coxsackievirus were included in the study. Pure compounds possessing antiviral activity were excluded, and plants possessing activity against viruses other than viruses in inclusion criteria were excluded. Hundreds of plant extracts with antiviral effect were recognized. However, the data from only 36 families investigated through in vitro and in vivo studies met the inclusion criteria of this review. The inferences from scientific literature review, focusing on potential therapeutic consequences of medicinal plants on experimental models of HIV, HSV, influenza, hepatitis, and coxsackievirus have ascertained the curative antiviral potential of plants. Fifty-four medicinal plants belonging to 36 different families having antiviral potential were documented. Out of 54 plants, 27 individually belong to particular plant families. On the basis of the work of several independent research groups, the therapeutic potential of medicinal plants against listed common viral diseases in the region has been proclaimed. In this context, the herbal formulations as alternative medicine may contribute to the eradication of complicated viral infection significantly. The current review consolidates the data of the various medicinal plants, those are Sambucus nigra, Caesalpinia pulcherrima, and Hypericum connatum, holding promising specific antiviral activities scientifically proven through studies on experimental animal models. Consequently, the original research addressing the development of novel nutraceuticals based on listed medicinal plants is highly recommended for the management of viral disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Akram
- Department of Eastern Medicine and Surgery, Directorate of Medical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Imtiaz Mahmood Tahir
- College of Allied Health Professionals, Directorate of Medical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Syed Muhammad Ali Shah
- Department of Eastern Medicine and Surgery, Directorate of Medical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Zahed Mahmood
- Department of Biochemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Awais Altaf
- College of Allied Health Professionals, Directorate of Medical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Khalil Ahmad
- Department of Eastern Medicine, University College of Conventional Medicine, Islamia University, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Naveed Munir
- Department of Biochemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Daniyal
- Faculty of Eastern Medicine, Hamdard University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Suhaila Nasir
- Department of Botany, Government College Women University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Huma Mehboob
- Department of Biochemistry, Government College Women University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Bajpai VK, Chandra V, Kim NH, Rai R, Kumar P, Kim K, Aeron A, Kang SC, Maheshwari DK, Na M, Rather IA, Park YH. Ghost probiotics with a combined regimen: a novel therapeutic approach against the Zika virus, an emerging world threat. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2017; 38:438-454. [PMID: 28877637 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2017.1368445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The Zika virus (ZIKV) used to be an obscure flavivirus closely related to dengue virus (DENV). Transmission of this epidemic pathogen occurs mainly via mosquitoes, but it is also capable of placental and sexual transmission. Although the characteristics of these viruses are well defined, infections are unpredictable in terms of disease severity, unusual clinical manifestations, unexpected methods of transmission, long-term persistence, and the development of new strains. Recently, ZIKV has gained huge medical attention following the large-scale epidemics around the world, and reported cases of congenital abnormalities associated with Zika virus infections which have created a public health emergency of international concern. Despite continuous research on ZIKV, no specific treatment or vaccine has been developed, excepting a preventive strategy for congenital ZIKV infection. Probiotics, known as GRAS, are bacteria that confer various health beneficial effects, and have been shown to be effective at curing a number of viral diseases by modulating the immune system. Furthermore, probiotic preparations consisting of dead cells and cellular metabolites, so-called "Ghost probiotics", can also act as biological response modifiers. Here, we review available information on the epidemiology, transmission, and clinical features of ZIKV, and on treatment and prevention strategies. In addition, we emphasize the use of probiotics and plant-based natural remedies and describe their action mechanisms, and the green technologies for microbial conversion, which could contribute to the development of novel therapies that may reduce the pathogenicity of ZIKV. Accordingly, we draw attention to new findings, unanswered questions, unresolved issues, and controversies regarding ZIKV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek K Bajpai
- a Department of Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology , Yeungnam University , Gyeongsan , Gyeongbuk , Korea
| | - Vishal Chandra
- b Department of Biosciences , Integral University , Lucknow , India.,c Stephenson Cancer Center (SCC) , University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center (OUHSC) , Oklahoma City , OK , USA
| | - Na-Hyung Kim
- d Department of Oriental Pharmacy , Wonkwang University , Iksan-city , Jeonbuk , Korea
| | - Rajni Rai
- e School of Biotechnology , Yeungnam University , Gyeongsan , Gyeongbuk , Korea
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- e School of Biotechnology , Yeungnam University , Gyeongsan , Gyeongbuk , Korea
| | - Kangmin Kim
- f Division of Biotechnology, College of Environmental and Bioresource Sciences , Chonbuk National University , Iksan-si , Jeonbuk , Korea
| | - Abhinav Aeron
- f Division of Biotechnology, College of Environmental and Bioresource Sciences , Chonbuk National University , Iksan-si , Jeonbuk , Korea
| | - Sun Chul Kang
- g Department of Biotechnology, College of Engineering , Daegu University , Gyeongsan , Gyeongbuk , Korea
| | - D K Maheshwari
- h Department of Botany and Microbiology , Gurukul Kangri University , Haridwar , India
| | - MinKyun Na
- i College of Pharmacy , Chungnam National University , Daejeon , Korea
| | - Irfan A Rather
- a Department of Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology , Yeungnam University , Gyeongsan , Gyeongbuk , Korea
| | - Yong-Ha Park
- a Department of Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology , Yeungnam University , Gyeongsan , Gyeongbuk , Korea
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Seo DJ, Choi C. Inhibitory mechanism of five natural flavonoids against murine norovirus. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 30:59-66. [PMID: 28545670 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2017.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Revised: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human noroviruses (HuNoV), which are responsible for acute gastroenteritis, are becoming a serious public health concern worldwide. Since no effective antiviral drug or vaccine for HuNoV has been developed yet, some natural extracts and their active components have been investigated for their ability to inhibit noroviruses. However, their exact antiviral mechanisms have not been investigated. PURPOSE This study was performed to investigate the expression of interferon (IFN)-α, IFN-λ, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), Mx, and zinc finger CCCH type antiviral protein 1 (ZAP), 2'-5' oligo (A) synthetase (OAS), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in RAW 264.7 cells pre-treated with fisetin, daidzein, quercetin, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), and epicatechin gallate (ECG) that have anti-noroviral activity. STUDY DESIGN Based on the antiviral activity of the five flavonoids, recently reported by our group, the expression of antiviral factors such as IFN-α, IFN-λ, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, Mx, ZAP, OAS, and iNOS was investigated in RAW 264.7 cells pre-treated with these flavonoids. METHODS Anti-noroviral effect was determined by performing a plaque assay on cells treated with the flavonoid. RAW 264.7 cells were treated with fisetin, daidzein, quercetin, EGCG, and ECG. Then, mRNA of IFN-α, IFN-λ, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, Mx, ZAP, OAS, and iNOS were measured by real-time RT-PCR. IFN-α, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 proteins were measured by ELISA. RESULTS Pre-treatment with fisetin (50μM), fisetin (100μM), EGCG (100μM), quercetin (100μM), daidzein (50μM), and ECG (150μM) significantly reduced MNoV by 50.00±7.14 to 60.67±9.26%. The mRNA levels of IFN-α, IFN-λ, TNF-α, Mx, and ZAP were upregulated in RAW 264.7 cells pre-treated with fisetin, quercetin, and daidzein, but not in those pre-treated with EGCG or ECG. Regarding protein levels, IFN-α was significantly induced in cells pre-treated with fisetin, quercetin, and daidzein, whereas TNF-α was significantly induced only in cells pre-treated with daidzein. CONCLUSION Pre-treatment of RAW 264.7 cells with the five flavonoids inhibited MNoV by upregulating the expression of antiviral cytokines (IFN-α, IFN-λ, and TNF-α) and interferon-stimulating genes (Mx and ZAP).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Joo Seo
- Department of Food and Nutrition, School of Food Science and Technology, College of Biotechnology and Natural Resources, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Gyeonggi, 17546, South Korea
| | - Changsun Choi
- Department of Food and Nutrition, School of Food Science and Technology, College of Biotechnology and Natural Resources, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Gyeonggi, 17546, South Korea.
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Villa TG, Feijoo-Siota L, Rama JLR, Ageitos JM. Antivirals against animal viruses. Biochem Pharmacol 2017; 133:97-116. [PMID: 27697545 PMCID: PMC7092833 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2016.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Antivirals are compounds used since the 1960s that can interfere with viral development. Some of these antivirals can be isolated from a variety of sources, such as animals, plants, bacteria or fungi, while others must be obtained by chemical synthesis, either designed or random. Antivirals display a variety of mechanisms of action, and while some of them enhance the animal immune system, others block a specific enzyme or a particular step in the viral replication cycle. As viruses are mandatory intracellular parasites that use the host's cellular machinery to survive and multiply, it is essential that antivirals do not harm the host. In addition, viruses are continually developing new antiviral resistant strains, due to their high mutation rate, which makes it mandatory to continually search for, or develop, new antiviral compounds. This review describes natural and synthetic antivirals in chronological order, with an emphasis on natural compounds, even when their mechanisms of action are not completely understood, that could serve as the basis for future development of novel and/or complementary antiviral treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- T G Villa
- Department of Microbiology, Biotechnology Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela 15706, Spain
| | - L Feijoo-Siota
- Department of Microbiology, Biotechnology Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela 15706, Spain
| | - J L R Rama
- Department of Microbiology, Biotechnology Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela 15706, Spain
| | - J M Ageitos
- Department of Microbiology, Biotechnology Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela 15706, Spain.
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Flavonoids: promising natural compounds against viral infections. Arch Virol 2017; 162:2539-2551. [PMID: 28547385 PMCID: PMC7087220 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-017-3417-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 254] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Flavonoids are widely distributed as secondary metabolites produced by plants and play important roles in plant physiology, having a variety of potential biological benefits such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antibacterial, antifungal and antiviral activity. Different flavonoids have been investigated for their potential antiviral activities and several of them exhibited significant antiviral properties in in vitro and even in vivo studies. This review summarizes the evidence for antiviral activity of different flavonoids, highlighting, where investigated, the cellular and molecular mechanisms of action on viruses. We also present future perspectives on therapeutic applications of flavonoids against viral infections.
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Shah A, Rahim S. Ethnomedicinal uses of plants for the treatment of malaria in Soon Valley, Khushab, Pakistan. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 200:84-106. [PMID: 28192202 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Revised: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE To best of our knowledge this is the first quantitative ethno-medicinal study with the aim of documenting the indigenous knowledge and practices of using plants for malarial therapy in Soon Valley, Khushab, Pakistan. In this Valley, malaria is among the major public health problems but, until now, the population still mostly relies on herbal medicine for treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ethno-medicinal data were documented from 63 informants by using semi-structured questionnaires and interviewing the informants about their knowledge of plants regarding malaria and related symptoms. Documented data were evaluated using the quantitative ethno-botanical indices of frequency citation (FC), relative frequency of citation (RFC), percentage of respondents having knowledge (PRK) and Jaccard index (JI). RESULTS A total of 70 plant species belonging to 62 genera and 34 families were recorded as anti-malarial in the study area. Solanaceae was found to be the most cited family with 7 species, followed by Fabaceae, Rutaceae and Lamiaceae with 5 species each. Ocimum americanum and Solanum incanum were the species with the highest relative frequency of citation (RFC =0.25 each) and percentage of respondents having knowledge (PRK =25.4% each), followed by Grewia tenax (RFC =0.23, PRK =23.8%), which indicates that these plants are the best species with anti-malarial properties. The most highly cited life form was found to be herbs (56%). The dominant plant part used in preparations were leaves (49%). The main mode of utilization was decoction (47%) followed by infusion (29%). In comparison, maximum similarity index is found in our study with JI (16.83) followed by (13.13). Similarity percentage of plants uses ranges from 0.81 to 16.83 while dissimilarity percentage varies from 0% to 17.65%. CONCLUSIONS To the best of our knowledge seven plant species, viz. Withania coagulans, Fagonia cretica, Carthamus oxyacantha, Ehretia obtusifolia, Helianthus annuus, Olea ferruginea and Vitex trifolia, are reported from this region for the first time for the treatment of malaria. This first ethno-medicinal study highlights potential sources for the development of new antimalarial drugs from indigenous knowledge of medicinal plants found in the Soon Valley, Pakistan. Such investigations could be a subject for in vitro and in vivo anti-plasmodial screening to develop new plant-based antimalarial drugs and can also be evaluated for other biological activities and novel drug discoveries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Shah
- Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Pakistan.
| | - Sarvat Rahim
- Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Pakistan.
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Antiviral Activity of SIO2–Polyphenol Composites Prepared Mechanochemically from Plant Raw Materials. Pharm Chem J 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11094-016-1497-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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