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Novelli TI, Palhares JCP, Martello LS, de Medeiros SR, Rivero MJ. Three environmental dimensions of beef cattle in tropical feedlot: Water, nutrients and land. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 904:166733. [PMID: 37657537 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to evaluate water, land, and nutrient efficiencies in a tropical beef feedlot system by providing artificial shading and considering local conditions and feed cultivation. The study was conducted at the Experimental Feedlot of Embrapa Southeast Livestock in Brazil. Forty-eight Nellore bulls were divided into two groups, with one group having shade (GS) and the other without shade (GWS). The animals' body weights, water intake, and dry matter intake were recorded. The water footprint was calculated using a product-focused assessment, considering water consumed in feed production and animal drinking. The nutrient balance and land footprint were also assessed. To both treatments, the crop scenario with soybean and corn first crop produced in Maringa resulted in the lowest water and land footprint values. Corn was the main contributor to green water consumption. The efficiency in water use for corn decreased between the first and second crops. The water footprint of soybean meal varied between production locations. GWS had slightly higher average blue water consumption than GS. In terms of nutrient balance, the GS treatment exhibited lower nitrogen and phosphorus balance values, indicating higher efficiency in the use of these elements. The provision of artificial shading was found to reduce the water footprint and improve nutrient use efficiency. The location of grain production and the timing of corn planting were identified as key factors influencing water and land footprint values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taisla Inara Novelli
- Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos/USP -SP, Av.Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, Campus Fernando Costa- USP, CEP: 13635-900 Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Luciane Silva Martello
- Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos/USP -SP, Av.Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, Campus Fernando Costa- USP, CEP: 13635-900 Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | | | - M Jordana Rivero
- Net Zero and Resilient Farming, Rothamsted Research, North Wyke, Okehampton, Devon EX20 2SB, United Kingdom
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Malheiros JM, Correia BSB, Ceribeli C, Bruscadin JJ, Diniz WJS, Banerjee P, da Silva Vieira D, Cardoso TF, Andrade BGN, Petrini J, Cardoso DR, Colnago LA, Bogusz Junior S, Mourão GB, Coutinho LL, Palhares JCP, de Medeiros SR, Berndt A, de Almeida Regitano LC. Ruminal and feces metabolites associated with feed efficiency, water intake and methane emission in Nelore bulls. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18001. [PMID: 37865691 PMCID: PMC10590413 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45330-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The objectives of this study were twofold: (1) to identify potential differences in the ruminal and fecal metabolite profiles of Nelore bulls under different nutritional interventions; and (2) to identify metabolites associated with cattle sustainability related-traits. We used different nutritional interventions in the feedlot: conventional (Conv; n = 26), and by-product (ByPr, n = 26). Thirty-eight ruminal fluid and 27 fecal metabolites were significantly different (P < 0.05) between the ByPr and Conv groups. Individual dry matter intake (DMI), residual feed intake (RFI), observed water intake (OWI), predicted water intake (WI), and residual water intake (RWI) phenotypes were lower (P < 0.05) in the Conv group, while the ByPr group exhibited lower methane emission (ME) (P < 0.05). Ruminal fluid dimethylamine was significantly associated (P < 0.05) with DMI, RFI, FE (feed efficiency), OWI and WI. Aspartate was associated (P < 0.05) with DMI, RFI, FE and WI. Fecal C22:1n9 was significantly associated with OWI and RWI (P < 0.05). Fatty acid C14:0 and hypoxanthine were significantly associated with DMI and RFI (P < 0.05). The results demonstrated that different nutritional interventions alter ruminal and fecal metabolites and provided new insights into the relationship of these metabolites with feed efficiency and water intake traits in Nelore bulls.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Caroline Ceribeli
- Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo/USP, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Wellison J S Diniz
- Departament of Animal Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Priyanka Banerjee
- Departament of Animal Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | | | | | - Bruno Gabriel Nascimento Andrade
- Embrapa Southeast Livestock, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
- Computer Science Department, Munster Technological University, MTU/ADAPT, Cork, Ireland
| | - Juliana Petrini
- Department of Animal Science, University of São Paulo/ESALQ, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Gerson Barreto Mourão
- Department of Animal Science, University of São Paulo/ESALQ, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luiz Lehmann Coutinho
- Department of Animal Science, University of São Paulo/ESALQ, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
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de Melo GKA, Ítavo CCBF, Ítavo LCV, Gurgel ALC, Dos Santos Difante G, Longhini VZ, Dias AM, de Melo Soares ES, da Silva Heimbach N, da Silva PCG, de Souza Arco TFF, da Silva JA, Ferelli KLSM, da Silva Miguel AA, de Godoy C, de Andrade PB. Mathematical models to predict the lamb weight at birth and at weaning reared in the tropical warm-climate pasture. Trop Anim Health Prod 2023; 55:330. [PMID: 37749453 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-023-03764-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Our objective was to evaluate the productive parameters of ewes and their lambs in relation to ewe age and to develop models for predicting lamb weight at birth and weaning in a tropical warm-climate pasture. Individual data were collected from 273 ewes and 273 lambs, between 2013 and 2021. During this period all animals were kept on pastures of Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu All lambs in the experiments were supplemented in creep-feeding. A descriptive statistical analysis was performed using the PROC SUMMARY procedure in SAS (SAS University Edition, SAS Institute Inc. Cary, CA, USA). Pearson correlation coefficients between variables were estimated using the PROC CORR procedure in SAS (SAS University Edition, SAS Institute Inc. Cary, CA, USA). Model adjustments and variable selection were performed using PROC REG in SAS (SAS University Edition, SAS Institute Inc. Cary, CA, USA). The STEPWISE option and Mallow's C(p) were used to select the variables included in the equations. Outliers were identified by evaluating the studentized residuals based on the predicted values from the equations. Residual analysis was predicted by regression minus observed values and those that fell outside the range of -2.5 to 2.5 were removed. Several statistics were used to assess the predictability of the equations, including the coefficients of determination (r2) and mean standard error (RMSE). The average ewe age at lambing was 3.4 ± 1.7 years, with an average weight of 56.9 ± 8,9 kg and average body condition score (BCS) of 2,4 ± 0.8 points. The average ewe age at weaning was 51.1 ± 7.9, with average BCS of 1.8 ± 0.8 points. The average lamb at birthing was 3.9 ± 0.9 kg. The average lamb at weaning was 21.0 ± 4.9, with daily gain of 0.2 ± 0.1 kg/day and total gain of 17.1 ± 4.7 kg birth to weaning. The lamb produced by ewe at lambing was 5.3 ± 1.7 kg/ewe. The lamb weaned by ewe at weaning was 28.7 ± 10.8 kg/ewe. The ratios of lamb produced per ewe at birth and at weaning were 0.1 ± 0.03 and 0.6 ± 0.2, respectively. The lamb's birth weight showed a positive linear relationship with the age of the ewe, increasing by 115 g per year of age. The regression equations adjusted for ewe age had maximum points ranging from 4.2 to 5.2, occurring at average age of 4,7 years. The other characteristics showed a quadratic tendency. The results suggest the culling of ewes at five years of age to generate lambs with ideal weight at birth and at weaning raised in warm tropical pastures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gleice Kelli Ayardes de Melo
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science - FAMEZ, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso Do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso Do Sul, 79070-900, Brazil.
| | - Camila Celeste Brandão Ferreira Ítavo
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science - FAMEZ, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso Do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso Do Sul, 79070-900, Brazil
| | - Luís Carlos Vinhas Ítavo
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science - FAMEZ, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso Do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso Do Sul, 79070-900, Brazil
| | | | - Gelson Dos Santos Difante
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science - FAMEZ, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso Do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso Do Sul, 79070-900, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Zirondi Longhini
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science - FAMEZ, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso Do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso Do Sul, 79070-900, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Menezes Dias
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science - FAMEZ, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso Do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso Do Sul, 79070-900, Brazil
| | - Evelyn Silva de Melo Soares
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science - FAMEZ, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso Do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso Do Sul, 79070-900, Brazil
| | | | - Pâmila Carolini Gonçalves da Silva
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science - FAMEZ, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso Do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso Do Sul, 79070-900, Brazil
| | - Thais Fernanda Farias de Souza Arco
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science - FAMEZ, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso Do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso Do Sul, 79070-900, Brazil
| | - Jonilson Araújo da Silva
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science - FAMEZ, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso Do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso Do Sul, 79070-900, Brazil
| | - Kedma Leonora Silva Monteiro Ferelli
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science - FAMEZ, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso Do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso Do Sul, 79070-900, Brazil
| | - Aline Aparecida da Silva Miguel
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science - FAMEZ, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso Do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso Do Sul, 79070-900, Brazil
| | - Camila de Godoy
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science - FAMEZ, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso Do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso Do Sul, 79070-900, Brazil
| | - Priscila Bernardo de Andrade
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science - FAMEZ, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso Do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso Do Sul, 79070-900, Brazil
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Arias RA, Mader TL. Pen Surface Temperature as a Predictor of Daily Water Intake and Tympanic Temperature in Steers Finished in Feedlots. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13071150. [PMID: 37048412 PMCID: PMC10092951 DOI: 10.3390/ani13071150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Adequate estimation of water demand in cattle production feed yards is of high importance, especially due to reduced water availability because of changes in rain precipitation patterns and amounts. The pen surface in feed yards receives and reflects solar radiation, affecting along with other factors the microclimate to which cattle are exposed. This study aimed to describe the relationship between the pen surface temperature with the daily water intake and the tympanic temperature of finishing steers. Climate variables, including solar radiation, air temperature, relative humidity, and wind speed plus pen surface temperature and soil temperature at 10.2 cm depth were recorded. Data were collected from a weather station located in the feedlot in Concord NE, whereas daily water intake was estimated from a set of experimental pens sharing a waterer in two adjacent pens. Simple and polynomial linear regressions were assessed from data collected in different experiments conducted from 2003 to 2006. Two models to predict daily water intake were developed for finishing steers using the pen surface temperature as the predictor variable. The first one included data for the period May-October (overall model) and the second one for the summer period (June-August). The best fit for the overall model was a quadratic fit (r2 = 0.86), whereas the best-fit model for the summer model was the cubic (r2 = 0.72). Subsequently, both models were validated with data from an independent experiment conducted in the summer of 2007 in the same facilities. Both models tended to slightly overestimate daily water intake when they were validated (14.6% and 12.6%, respectively). For tympanic temperature, the best-fit model was linear, explaining 76% of the observed variability. When the dataset was split into night-time and daytime the best-fit model for the night period was a quadratic one and a linear one for the daytime, both improving the explanation of the variability observed. In conclusion, pen surface temperature can be used to predict both daily water intake and tympanic temperature in feedlot steers without access to shade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo A. Arias
- Instituto de Producción Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Alimentarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile
- Centro de Investigación de Suelos Volcánicos, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +56-632293337
| | - Terry L. Mader
- Animal Science Department, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583-0908, USA
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de Figueiredo Moura JR, Ítavo LCV, Ítavo CCBF, Dias AM, Dos Santos Difante G, Dos Santos GT, Gurgel ALC, Chay-Canul AJ. Prediction models of intake and productive performance of non-castrated Nellore cattle finished in the feedlot system under tropical conditions. Trop Anim Health Prod 2023; 55:64. [PMID: 36735099 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-023-03488-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to understand and predict the intake and performance of Nellore cattle finished in the feedlot. Individual data from 144 non-castrated male Nellore steers finished in the feedlot between the years 2016 and 2020 were used. Descriptive statistical analyses and Pearson's correlation were performed. The outliers were tested by evaluating the studentized residuals in relation to the values predicted by the equations. Residues that were outside the range of - 2.5 to 2.5 were removed. The goodness of fit of the developed equations was evaluated by the coefficients of determination (r2) and root mean square error (RMSE). The mean dry matter intake (DMI) was 10.2 kg/day, neutral detergent fiber intake (NDFI) was 3.4 kg/day, corresponding to 33.3% of DMI, crude protein intake (CPI) was 1.6 kg/day, and total digestible nutrient intake (TDNI) was 7.1 kg/day. The CPI to ADG ratio was 1.3 kg CPI/kg ADG and the TDNI to CPI ratio was 4.5 kg TDNI/kg CPI. The averages of productive performance were 1.3 kg/day for average daily gain (ADG), 152.6 kg for total weight gain (TWG), and 497.8 kg for final body weight (FBW) in average days in the confinement of 115.7 days. The intake measures correlated significantly with the performance measures, except for carcass yield and days in the feedlot. TWG had a high positive correlation with ADG (r = 0.84), while FBW had a positive correlation (r = 0.86) with hot carcass weight (HCW). Measures of intake, performance, and days in the feedlot can be used as predictors of DMI, FBW, HCW, TWG, and ADG. The prediction equations had satisfactory precision and accuracy for non-castrated Nellore cattle finished in feedlot systems under tropical conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luís Carlos Vinhas Ítavo
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária E Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso Do Sul, Mato Grosso Do Sul, Campo Grande, 79070-900, Brazil.
| | | | - Alexandre Menezes Dias
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária E Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso Do Sul, Mato Grosso Do Sul, Campo Grande, 79070-900, Brazil
| | - Gelson Dos Santos Difante
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária E Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso Do Sul, Mato Grosso Do Sul, Campo Grande, 79070-900, Brazil
| | - Geraldo Tadeu Dos Santos
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária E Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso Do Sul, Mato Grosso Do Sul, Campo Grande, 79070-900, Brazil
| | - Antonio Leandro Chaves Gurgel
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária E Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso Do Sul, Mato Grosso Do Sul, Campo Grande, 79070-900, Brazil
| | - Alfonso Juventino Chay-Canul
- División Académica de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, 86280, Villahermosa, Tabasco, Mexico
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Water footprint of small-scale dairy farms in the central coast of Peru. Trop Anim Health Prod 2022; 55:25. [PMID: 36564603 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-022-03437-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Worldwide, dairy sector consumes 19% of the water in the livestock sector. However, in Latin America, the amount of water used in this sector is unknown, especially in arid zones. On the other hand, water footprint (WF) is a methodology to estimate the use of water to produce a product. The aim of this work was to estimate the WF of dairy production in the arid zone of the Peruvian central coast. Data from five dairy farms were used. The WF was calculated in its three dimensions: green water, blue water and grey water. In addition, the WF was measured for categories: feed, drinking and service. To measure the WF of feed production, the CROPWAT software was used, whilst the NRC (2001) equations were used to estimate the drinking water. The reference unit was cubic metres per kilogram of fat and protein corrected milk (FPCM). In average, 99% of the WF comes from feed production, followed by drinking water (0.4%). From the three dimensions of the WF, green water is responsible of 60% of the WF, followed by the blue water (30%). Imported water represented 63% of the WF. In general, WF of dairy production in these systems was 0.66 m3/kg FPCM. In conclusion, feed production, as the main source of WF from which most is imported, shows the possibility of reducing the WF of these systems by prioritizing and optimizing water consumption by crops using local resources with lower water requirements.
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8
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Moehlenpah AN, Ribeiro LPS, Puchala R, Goetsch AL, Beck P, Pezeshki A, Gross MA, Holder AL, Lalman DL. Water and forage intake, diet digestibility, and blood parameters of beef cows and heifers consuming water with varying concentrations of total dissolved salts. J Anim Sci 2021; 99:6383447. [PMID: 34618893 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skab282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of water quality on water intake (WI), forage intake, diet digestibility, and blood constituents in beef cows and growing beef heifers. This was a replicated 5 × 5 Latin square with five drinking water treatments within each square: 1) fresh water (Control); 2) brackish water (100 BRW treatment) with approximately 6,000 mg/kg total dissolved solids (TDS); 3) same TDS level as 100 BRW achieved by addition of NaCl to fresh water (100 SLW); 4) 50% brackish water and 50% fresh water to achieve approximately 3,000 mg/kg TDS (50 BRW); and 5) same TDS level as 50 BRW achieved by addition of NaCl to fresh water (50 SLW). Each of the five 21-d periods consisted of 14 d of adaptation and 5 d of data collection. Animals were housed individually and fed mixed alfalfa (Medicago sativa) grass hay cubes. Feed and WI were recorded daily. Data were analyzed with animal as the experimental unit. Age, treatment, and age × treatment were fixed effects, and animal ID within age was the random variable for intake, digestibility, and blood parameter data. Water and feed intake were greater than expected, regardless of age or water treatment. No treatment × age interactions were identified for WI (P = 0.71), WI expressed as g/kg body weight (BW; P = 0.70), or dry matter intake (DMI; P = 0.21). However, there was an age × treatment tendency for DMI when scaled to BW (P = 0.09) in cows consuming 100 BRW compared with fresh water. No differences were found for the other three treatments. Heifers provided 50 SLW water consumed less (P < 0.05) feed (g/kg BW) compared with heifers provided fresh water and 100 BRW. No differences (P > 0.05) in water, DMI, feed intake, or diet digestibility were found due to water quality treatment. In conclusion, under these conditions, neither absolute WI, absolute DMI, nor diet digestibility was influenced by the natural brackish or saline water used in this experiment. These results suggest that further research is necessary to determine thresholds for TDS or salinity concentration resulting in reduced water and/or feed intake and diet digestibility.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luana P S Ribeiro
- American Institute for Goat Research, Langston University, Langston, OK 73050, USA
| | - Ryszard Puchala
- American Institute for Goat Research, Langston University, Langston, OK 73050, USA
| | - Arthur Louis Goetsch
- American Institute for Goat Research, Langston University, Langston, OK 73050, USA
| | - Paul Beck
- Department of Animal Science, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Adel Pezeshki
- Department of Animal Science, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Megan A Gross
- Department of Animal Science, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Amanda L Holder
- Department of Animal Science, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - David L Lalman
- Department of Animal Science, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
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Gurgel ALC, Dos Santos Difante G, Neto JVE, Santana JCS, Fernandes PB, Dos Santos GT, Dias AM, Ítavo LCV, Ítavo CCBF, de Medeiros HR. Prediction of dry matter intake by meat sheep on tropical pastures. Trop Anim Health Prod 2021; 53:479. [PMID: 34559323 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-021-02916-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
This study was undertaken to determine whether equations for prediction of dry matter intake (DMI) by meat sheep are valid for animals raised solely on tropical pastures and to propose a new equation to predict the DMI of sheep raised on tropical pastures. The DMI prediction from published equations was evaluated by regressing the predicted and observed values, using the F test, for the identity of the parameters (β0 = 0 and β1 = 1) of the regression of predicted on observed data. If the null hypothesis is not rejected, the tested equation accurately estimates DMI. The proposed equation was evaluated in the same way as the published equations. The animal performance and pasture structure and chemical composition data used originated from an experiment conducted with 32 Santa Inês sheep raised on tropical pastures. In the analysis of model adequacy, the null hypothesis was rejected (P < 0.001) and the equations generated predictions that differ (β0 = 0 and β1 = 1) from the DMI observed under practical feeding conditions for grazing sheep. The proposed equation, DMI (%LW) = 7.16545 (± 0.76522) - 0.21799 (± 0.01812) * LW + 0.00273 (± 0.00034) * LW2-0.00688 (± 0.00299) * GT + 0.000007 (± 0.000002) * GT2 + 0.00271 (± 0.00108) * GHA, where LW is live weight (kg), GT is grazing time (min/day), and GHA is green herbage allowance (kg DM/100 kg LW), should be used to more accurately predict DMI by grazing sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Leandro Chaves Gurgel
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil.
| | - Gelson Dos Santos Difante
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | | | | | - Patrick Bezerra Fernandes
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Geraldo Tadeu Dos Santos
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Menezes Dias
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Luís Carlos Vinhas Ítavo
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | | | - Henrique Rocha de Medeiros
- Specialized Unit in Agricultural Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Macaíba, RN, Brazil
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López A, Arroquy JI, Hernández O, Nasca JA, Juárez Sequeira AV, DiLorenzo N, Distel RA. A meta-analytical evaluation of the effects of high-salt water intake on beef cattle. J Anim Sci 2021; 99:6325410. [PMID: 34291793 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skab215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Adequate drinking water is essential to maintain acceptable production levels in beef cattle operations. In the context of global climate change, the water scarcity forecasted for the future is a growing concern and it would determine an increase in the use of poorer quality water by the agricultural sector in many parts of the world. However, consumption of high-salt water by cattle has consequences often overlooked. A meta-analysis was carried out to assess the impact of utilizing high-salt water on dry matter (DMI) and water intake (WI), and performance in beef cattle. The dataset was collected from 25 studies, which were conducted between 1960 and 2020. Within the dataset, the water quality was divided into three categories according to the ratio of sulfates (SO4) or sodium chloride (NaCl) to total dissolved solids (TDS): 1) TDS = all studies included (average SO4:TDS = 0.4); 2) NaCl = considered studies in which water salinity was dominated by NaCl (average SO4:TDS = 0.1); and 3) SO4 = considered studies in which water salinity was dominated by SO4 (average SO4:TDS = 0.8). Results showed that DMI and WI were negatively affected by high-salt water consumption, although the magnitude of the effect is dependent on the type of salt dissolved in the water. There was a quadratic effect (P < 0.01) for the WI vs. TDS, WI vs. NaCl, DMI vs. TDS, and DMI vs. NaCl, and a linear effect (P < 0.01) for WI vs. SO4 and WI vs. SO4. Average daily gain (ADG) and feed efficiency (FE) were quadratically (P < 0.01) affected by high-salt water, respectively. This study revealed significant negative effects of high-salt water drinking on beef cattle WI, DMI, and performance. However, the negative effects are exacerbated when cattle drink high-sulfate water when compared with high-chloride water. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first approach to evaluate animal response to high-salt water consumption and could be included in the development of future beef cattle models to account for the impact of water quality on intake and performance. In addition, this meta-analysis highlights the need for research on management strategies to mitigate the negative effects of high-salt water in cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agustín López
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), EEA-Santiago del Estero, Santiago del Estero, Argentina.,Facultad de Agronomía y Agroindustria, Universidad Nacional de Santiago del Estero (UNSE), Santiago del Estero, Argentina
| | - Jose I Arroquy
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), EEA-Santiago del Estero, Santiago del Estero, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Departamento de Agronomía, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Olegario Hernández
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), EEA-Santiago del Estero, Santiago del Estero, Argentina
| | - Jose A Nasca
- Instituto de Investigación Animal del Chaco Semiárido (IIACS), Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Ana V Juárez Sequeira
- Facultad de Agronomía y Agroindustria, Universidad Nacional de Santiago del Estero (UNSE), Santiago del Estero, Argentina
| | - Nicolas DiLorenzo
- North Florida Research and Education Center, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Marianna, FL 32446, USA
| | - Roberto A Distel
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Departamento de Agronomía, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), Bahía Blanca, Argentina
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11
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Abstract
Spineless cactus (Nopalea cochenillifera) is widely used in animal feed in semi-arid regions, due to the adaptive characteristics to such conditions and for having high levels of soluble carbohydrates. This research article describes the effect of replacing grain maize with spineless cactus in the diet of dairy goats on dry matter intake, water intake, milk yield, milk physicochemical characteristics and diet production costs. Eight multiparous Anglo Nubian goats were fed diets in which grain maize was replaced with spineless cactus at four levels (0, 33, 66, and 100%) in a double 4 × 4 Latin square design. Milk yield was measured and samples collected in the last three days of each period for physicochemical analysis and for determining nutrient intake. Diet production costs were also determined. Replacing maize with spineless cactus did not influence dry matter intake. Water intake via the drinker decreased linearly in response to the increasing levels of spineless cactus in the diet. The replacement of maize with spineless cactus did not change milk yield or physicochemical parameters. Total feed cost and the percentage of revenue losses from feed decreased with the replacement. Therefore, spineless cactus can fully replace grain maize in the diet of dairy goats, as it does not change dry matter intake or milk yield, but rather reduces feed costs and the drinking-water intake of goats.
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12
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Gurgel A, Difante G, Emerenciano Neto J, Santana J, Dantas J, Roberto F, Campos N, Costa A. Use of biometrics in the prediction of body weight in crossbred lambs. ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-4162-12087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - G.S. Difante
- Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - A.B.G. Costa
- Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
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13
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Menezes ACB, Valadares Filho SC, Benedeti PDB, Zanetti D, Paulino MF, Silva FF, Caton JS. Feeding behavior, water intake, and energy and protein requirements of young Nellore bulls with different residual feed intakes. J Anim Sci 2020; 98:5897790. [PMID: 32852034 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skaa279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to determine feeding behavior, water intake (WI), and energy requirements of high- and low-residual feed intake (RFI) Nellore bulls. Data were collected from 42 weaned Nellore bulls (initial body weight [BW] 260 ± 8.1 kg; age 7 ± 1.0 mo) housed in a feedlot in group pens that contained electronic feeders, waterers, and a scale connected to the waterers. The individual dry matter intake (DMI), WI, and BW were recorded daily. The indexes of average daily gain (ADG), feed efficiency (gain to feed ratio), and RFI were calculated based on the data collected. The number of feeder and waterer visits and the time spent feeding or drinking water per animal per day were recorded as feeding behavior measures. Energy requirements for maintenance and gain were calculated according to the BR-CORTE system. Low-RFI bulls had lower DMI (P < 0.01) than high-RFI bulls, and no differences (P > 0.05) were observed between the two groups regarding WI, performance, and feeding behavior measurements. The net energy requirements for maintenance, metabolizable energy for maintenance, and efficiency of metabolizable energy utilization were 63.4, 98.6 kcal/metabolic empty body weight (EBW)0.75 daily, and 64.3%, respectively, for low-RFI bulls, and 78.1, 123.9 kcal/EBW0.75 daily, and 63.0%, respectively, for high-RFI bulls. The equations obtained for net energy for gain (NEg) were: NEg (Mcal/EBW0.75) daily = 0.0528 × EBW0.75 × EBG0.5459 for low-RFI and 0.054 × EBW0.75 × EBG0.8618 for high-RFI bulls, where EBG is the empty body gain. We did not observe any difference (P > 0.05) regarding the composition of gain in terms of protein or fat deposition between the two groups. Both groups also presented similar (P > 0.05) carcass and non-carcass traits. Therefore, our study shows that low-RFI Nellore bulls eat less, grow at a similar rate, and have lower maintenance energy requirements than high-RFI bulls. We also suggest that the lower feed intake did not compromise the carcass traits of more efficient animals, which would reduce production costs and increase the competitiveness of the Brazilian beef sector on the world market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Clara B Menezes
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND
| | | | - Pedro D B Benedeti
- Department of Animal Sciences, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Chapecó, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Diego Zanetti
- Department of Animal Sciences, Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Southern Minas Gerais, Machado, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Mário F Paulino
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Fabyano F Silva
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Joel S Caton
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND
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14
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Cappellozza BI, Velasco AC, Tongu C, Moraes G, Dib R, Cervieri R. Effects of supplement amount, with or without calcium salts of fatty acids, on growth performance and intake behavior of grazing Bos indicus bulls. Transl Anim Sci 2020; 4:799-808. [PMID: 33554051 DOI: 10.1093/tas/txz190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of 2 supplement dry matter (DM) amounts, with or without calcium salts of fatty acids (CSFA), on growth performance, supplement and water intake behavior of grazing beef bulls. On day 0, 32 Nellore bulls were ranked by initial body weight (BW; 318 ± 11.2 kg), and then, randomly assigned to treatments (n = 8 bulls/treatment), in a 2 × 2 factorial design, which consisted of energy-based supplement DM amount of 0.3 (SP03) or 1.0 (SP1) % of BW with (+) or without (-) CSFA fortification (90 to 100 g/bull daily). During the experiment (98 d), all bulls were managed as single group and rotated between 2 Brachiaria pastures every 9 to 11 d. Each pasture contained an individual electronic data capture system with 2 feed bunks/treatment and 1 water through to determine individual supplement DM and water intake, as well number of visits, time spent at the feeder/waterer, and intake per visit (IPV). A supplement effect was detected (P = 0.02) for final BW. Bulls supplemented at 1.0% of BW, regardless of CSFA inclusion amount, were heavier at the end of the experiment vs. SP03 bulls. Overall average daily gain (ADG) was greater (P = 0.05) for SP03+ vs. SP03- bulls, and did not differ (P = 0.87) between SP1+ vs. SP1- bulls. No supplement amount, CSFA, or supplement amount × CSFA effects were observed (P ≥ 0.13) for supplement and water intake behavior, number of visits to the feeder or IPV. However, SP1 bulls spent (P = 0.05) more time at the feeder than SP1+ bulls, whereas bulls supplemented with CSFA tended (P = 0.10) to consume less water (as % of BW) than cohorts supplemented without CSFA. In summary, CSFA fortification into 0.3% of BW supplements increased ADG when compared with cohorts not offered CSFA. On the other hand, no benefits were observed when CSFA was included into 1.0% of BW supplements, primarily due to the lower than projected supplement, and consequently, CSFA intake. Moreover, CSFA fortification tended to reduced water intake, demonstrating a potential of this technology to increase performance of beef herds, while maintaining the utilization of natural resources.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Renato Dib
- Campo Nutrição Animal, Goiânia, GO, Brazil.,Department of Animal Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Goiás, São Luís de Montes Belos, GO, Brazil
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