1
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Doi K, Takeuchi H, Sakurai H. PP2A-B55 and its adapter proteins IER2 and IER5 regulate the activity of RB family proteins and the expression of cell cycle-related genes. FEBS J 2023; 290:745-762. [PMID: 36047562 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The retinoblastoma (RB) tumour suppressor protein regulates cell proliferation, motility, differentiation and apoptosis. The phosphorylation state of RB is modulated by kinases and phosphatases, and RB exhibits phosphorylation-sensitive interactions with E2F family transcription factors. Here, we characterize RB dephosphorylation by protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A). The growth factor-inducible immediate early response (IER) proteins IER2 and IER5 possess an adapter-like function in which IER proteins bind to both PP2A and its target proteins and enhance PP2A activity towards the proteins. IER2 interacts with RB and facilitates dephosphorylation of RB at T821/T826 by PP2A. In IER2 knockdown cells, elevated phosphorylation of RB resulted in reduced binding of RB to the promoters and derepression of cyclin D1 and p21. IER5 binds to both RB and RB-like 1 (p107/RBL1), enhances dephosphorylation of these proteins by PP2A and represses the expression of various cell cycle-related genes. However, IER2-regulated dephosphorylation at T821/T826 is not necessary for the repression function of RB in cell mobility-related gene expression. Our data identify PP2A adapter proteins as critical regulators of RB family proteins and suggest that the phosphorylation status of RB differentially affects gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuriko Doi
- Division of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Japan
| | - Hiroto Takeuchi
- Division of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Sakurai
- Division of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Japan
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2
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Zhou Y, Chen Y, Zhang X, Xu Q, Wu Z, Cao X, Shao M, Shu Y, Lv T, Lu C, Xie M, Wen T, Yang J, Shi Y, Bu H. Brahma-Related Gene 1 Inhibition Prevents Liver Fibrosis and Cholangiocarcinoma by Attenuating Progenitor Expansion. Hepatology 2021; 74:797-815. [PMID: 33650193 DOI: 10.1002/hep.31780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) is closely correlated with hepatic progenitor cell (HPC) expansion and liver fibrosis. Brahma-related gene 1 (Brg1), an enzymatic subunit of the switch/sucrose nonfermentable complex that is critical in stem cell maintenance and tumor promotion, is prominently up-regulated in both HPCs and iCCA; however, its role in this correlation remains undefined. APPROACH AND RESULTS A retrospective cohort study indicated that high Brg1 expression suggests poor prognosis in patients with iCCA. In chronically injured livers induced by a 0.1% 3,5-diethoxycarbonyl-1,4-dihydrocollidine diet or bile duct ligation surgery, HPCs were dramatically activated, as indicated by their enhanced expression of Brg1 and a subset of stem cell markers; however, Brg1 ablation in HPCs strongly suppressed HPC expansion and liver fibrosis. Furthermore, in a chemically induced iCCA model, inhibition of Brg1 by a specific inhibitor or inducible gene ablation markedly improved histology and suppressed iCCA growth. Mechanistically, in addition to transcriptionally promoting both Wnt receptor genes and target genes, Brg1 was found to bind to the β-catenin/transcription factor 4 transcription complex, suggesting a possible approach for regulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling. CONCLUSIONS We have demonstrated the function of Brg1 in promoting HPC expansion, liver cirrhosis, and, ultimately, iCCA development in chronically injured livers, which is largely dependent on Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Our data suggest that therapies targeting Brg1-expressing HPCs are promising for the treatment of liver cirrhosis and iCCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjie Zhou
- Laboratory of PathologyKey Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and ImmunologyNHCWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina.,Laboratory of Liver TransplantationFrontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular NetworkWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Yuwei Chen
- Laboratory of PathologyKey Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and ImmunologyNHCWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Xiaoyun Zhang
- Laboratory of Liver TransplantationFrontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular NetworkWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina.,Department of Liver SurgeryWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Qing Xu
- Laboratory of PathologyKey Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and ImmunologyNHCWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Zhenru Wu
- Laboratory of PathologyKey Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and ImmunologyNHCWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Xiaoyue Cao
- Laboratory of PathologyKey Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and ImmunologyNHCWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Mingyang Shao
- Laboratory of PathologyKey Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and ImmunologyNHCWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Yuke Shu
- Laboratory of PathologyKey Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and ImmunologyNHCWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Tao Lv
- Laboratory of Liver TransplantationFrontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular NetworkWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina.,Department of Liver SurgeryWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Changli Lu
- Department of PathologyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Mingjun Xie
- Department of General SurgeryThe First People's Hospital of YibinYibinChina
| | - Tianfu Wen
- Laboratory of Liver TransplantationFrontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular NetworkWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina.,Department of Liver SurgeryWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Jiayin Yang
- Laboratory of Liver TransplantationFrontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular NetworkWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina.,Department of Liver SurgeryWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Yujun Shi
- Laboratory of PathologyKey Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and ImmunologyNHCWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina.,Laboratory of Liver TransplantationFrontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular NetworkWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Hong Bu
- Laboratory of PathologyKey Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and ImmunologyNHCWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina.,Department of PathologyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
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3
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ATP-Dependent Chromatin Remodeling Complex in the Lineage Specification of Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Stem Cells Int 2020; 2020:8839703. [PMID: 32963551 PMCID: PMC7499328 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8839703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) present in multiple tissues can self-renew and differentiate into multiple lineages including the bone, cartilage, muscle, cardiac tissue, and connective tissue. Key events, including cell proliferation, lineage commitment, and MSC differentiation, are ensured by precise gene expression regulation. ATP-dependent chromatin alteration is one form of epigenetic modifications that can regulate the transcriptional level of specific genes by utilizing the energy from ATP hydrolysis to reorganize chromatin structure. ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling complexes consist of a variety of subunits that together perform multiple functions in self-renewal and lineage specification. This review highlights the important role of ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling complexes and their different subunits in modulating MSC fate determination and discusses the proposed mechanisms by which ATP-dependent chromatin remodelers function.
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4
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Chromatin dynamics during liver regeneration. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2020; 97:38-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2019.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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5
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Wang B, Kaufmann B, Engleitner T, Lu M, Mogler C, Olsavszky V, Öllinger R, Zhong S, Geraud C, Cheng Z, Rad RR, Schmid RM, Friess H, Hüser N, Hartmann D, von Figura G. Brg1 promotes liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy via regulation of cell cycle. Sci Rep 2019; 9:2320. [PMID: 30787318 PMCID: PMC6382836 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-38568-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Brahma-related gene 1 (Brg1), a catalytic subunit of the SWItch/Sucrose Non-Fermentable (SWI/SNF) complex, is known to be involved in proliferative cell processes. Liver regeneration is initiated spontaneously after injury and leads to a strong proliferative response. In this study, a hepatocyte-specific Brg1 gene knockout mouse model was used to analyse the role of Brg1 in liver regeneration by performing a 70% partial hepatectomy (PH). After PH, Brg1 was significantly upregulated in wildtype mice. Mice with hepatocyte-specific Brg1 gene knockout showed a significantly lower liver to body weight ratio 48 h post-PH concomitant with a lower hepatocellular proliferation rate compared to wildtype mice. RNA sequencing demonstrated that Brg1 controlled hepatocyte proliferation through the regulation of the p53 pathway and several cell cycle genes. The data of this study reveal a crucial role of Brg1 for liver regeneration by promoting hepatocellular proliferation through modulation of cell cycle genes and, thus, identify Brg1 as potential target for therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baocai Wang
- Department of Surgery, TUM School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, 81675, Germany.,Department of General Surgery, the Affiliated Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210000, China
| | - Benedikt Kaufmann
- Department of Surgery, TUM School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, 81675, Germany
| | - Thomas Engleitner
- Institute of Molecular Oncology and Functional Genomics, Department of Medicine II and TranslaTUM Cancer Center, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, 81675, Germany
| | - Miao Lu
- Department of General Surgery, the Affiliated Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210000, China
| | - Carolin Mogler
- Institute of Pathology, TUM School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, 81675, Germany
| | - Victor Olsavszky
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Allergology, University Medical Center and Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University and Center of Excellence in Dermatology, Mannheim, 68135, Germany
| | - Rupert Öllinger
- Institute of Molecular Oncology and Functional Genomics, Department of Medicine II and TranslaTUM Cancer Center, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, 81675, Germany
| | - Suyang Zhong
- Department of Medicine II, TUM School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, 81675, Germany
| | - Cyrill Geraud
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Allergology, University Medical Center and Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University and Center of Excellence in Dermatology, Mannheim, 68135, Germany
| | - Zhangjun Cheng
- Department of General Surgery, the Affiliated Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210000, China
| | - Roland R Rad
- Institute of Molecular Oncology and Functional Genomics, Department of Medicine II and TranslaTUM Cancer Center, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, 81675, Germany
| | - Roland M Schmid
- Department of Medicine II, TUM School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, 81675, Germany
| | - Helmut Friess
- Department of Surgery, TUM School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, 81675, Germany
| | - Norbert Hüser
- Department of Surgery, TUM School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, 81675, Germany
| | - Daniel Hartmann
- Department of Surgery, TUM School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, 81675, Germany.
| | - Guido von Figura
- Department of Medicine II, TUM School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, 81675, Germany.
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6
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Wei R, Dhawan P, Baiocchi RA, Kim KY, Christakos S. PU.1 and epigenetic signals modulate 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D 3 and C/EBPα regulation of the human cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide gene in lung epithelial cells. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:10345-10359. [PMID: 30387140 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
LL-37, the only known human cathelicidin which is encoded by the human antimicrobial peptide (CAMP) gene, plays a critical role in protection against bacterial infection. We previously demonstrated that cathelicidin is induced by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH) 2 D 3 ) in human airway epithelial cells with a resultant increase in bactericidal activity. In this study we identify key factors that co-operate with 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 in the regulation of CAMP. Our results show for the first time that PU.1, the myeloid transcription factor (which has also been identified in lung epithelial cells), co-operates with the vitamin D receptor and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein α (CEBPα) to enhance the induction of CAMP in lung epithelial cells. Our findings also indicate that enhancement of 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 regulation of CAMP by histone deacetylase inhibitors involves co-operation between acetylation and chromatin remodeling through Brahma-related gene 1 (BRG1; a component of the SWItch/sucrose nonfermentable [SWI/SNF] complex). BRG1 can be an activator or repressor depending on BRG1-associated factors. Protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5), a methlytransferase which interacts with BRG1, represses 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 induced CAMP in part through dimethylation of H4R3. Our findings identify key mediators involved in the regulation of the CAMP gene in lung epithelial cells and suggest new approaches for therapeutic manipulation of gene expression to increase the antibacterial capability of the airway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Wei
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers, New Jersey Medical School, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey
| | - Puneet Dhawan
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers, New Jersey Medical School, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey
| | - Robert A Baiocchi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Ki-Yoon Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers, New Jersey Medical School, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey
| | - Sylvia Christakos
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers, New Jersey Medical School, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey
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7
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Liu G, Xu P, Fu Z, Hua X, Liu X, Li W, Zhang M, Wu J, Wen J, Xu J, Jia X. Prognostic and Clinicopathological Significance of ARID1A in Endometrium-Related Gynecological Cancers: A Meta-Analysis. J Cell Biochem 2017; 118:4517-4525. [PMID: 28466574 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The tumor suppressor gene, AT Rich Interactive Domain 1A (ARID1A) mutation has been reported in a variety of cancers, especially the endometrium-related gynecological cancers, including the ovarian clear cell carcinoma, ovarian endometrioid carcinoma, and uterine endometrioid carcinoma. However, the prognostic value of ARID1A in endometrium-related gynecological cancers is still inconclusive. Therefore, we performed this meta-analysis to evaluate the clinical significance of ARID1A in endometrium-related gynecological cancers. By systematically searching all the relevant studies from Pubmed, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science up to September 2016, 11 studies with 1,432 patients were included. All the study characteristics and the prognostic data were extracted. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were pooled using the fixed-effect or random-effect model. Our results indicated that negative ARID1A expression predicted shorter Progression free survival (PFS, HR, 1.84; 95%CI, 1.32-2.57, P = 0.000) of patients with endometrium related gynecological cancers, especially the patiently with OCCC and the patients in Japan. Besides, a marginal trend towards the same direction was found in the Overall analysis (OS, HR, 1.34; 95%CI, 0.93-1.93, P = 0.112). Furthermore, the significant correlation was achieved between the negative ARID1A expression and the FIGO stage of endometrium-related gynecological cancers, but not the other characteristics. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 4517-4525, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangquan Liu
- Department of Obstetrics Gynecology, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical, University, Nanjing, 210004, China
| | - Pengfei Xu
- Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Medical Institute, Nanjing Maternity and Child, Health Care Hospital, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210004, China
| | - Ziyi Fu
- Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Medical Institute, Nanjing Maternity and Child, Health Care Hospital, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210004, China
| | - Xiangdong Hua
- Department of Obstetrics Gynecology, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical, University, Nanjing, 210004, China
| | - Xiaoguang Liu
- Department of Obstetrics Gynecology, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical, University, Nanjing, 210004, China
| | - Wenqu Li
- Department of Obstetrics Gynecology, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical, University, Nanjing, 210004, China
| | - Mi Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics Gynecology, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical, University, Nanjing, 210004, China
| | - Jiacong Wu
- Nantong Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nantong, 226081, China
| | - Juan Wen
- Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Medical Institute, Nanjing Maternity and Child, Health Care Hospital, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210004, China
| | - Juan Xu
- Department of Obstetrics Gynecology, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical, University, Nanjing, 210004, China
| | - Xuemei Jia
- Department of Obstetrics Gynecology, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical, University, Nanjing, 210004, China
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8
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Chen C, Wu M, Zhang W, Lu W, Zhang M, Zhang Z, Zhang X, Yuan Z. MicroRNA-939 restricts Hepatitis B virus by targeting Jmjd3-mediated and C/EBPα-coordinated chromatin remodeling. Sci Rep 2016; 6:35974. [PMID: 27779233 PMCID: PMC5078794 DOI: 10.1038/srep35974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Multi-layered mechanisms of virus host interaction exist for chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, which have been typically manifested at the microRNA level. Our previous study suggested that miRNA-939 (miR-939) may play a potential role in regulating HBV replication. Here we further investigated the mechanism by which miR-939 regulates HBV life cycle. We found that miR-939 inhibited the abundance of viral RNAs without direct miRNA-mRNA base pairing, but via host factors. Expression profiling and functional validation identified Jmjd3 as a target responsible for miR-939 induced anti-HBV effect. Jmjd3 appeared to enhance the transcription efficiency of HBV enhancer II/core promoter (En II) in a C/EBPα-dependent manner. However, the demethylase activity of Jmjd3 was not required in this process. Rather, Jmjd3’s transactivation activity depended on its interaction with C/EBPα. This coordinated action further recruited the Brm containing SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex which promoted the transcription of HBV RNAs. Taken together, we propose that the miR-939-Jmjd3 axis perturbs the accessibility of En II promoter to essential nuclear factors (C/EBPα and SWI/SNF complex) therefore leading to compromised viral RNA synthesis and hence restricted viral multiplication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuncun Chen
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, Ministry of Education and Health, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Wu
- Research Units, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, Ministry of Education and Health, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Lu
- Department of Hepatology, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhanqing Zhang
- Department of Hepatology, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaonan Zhang
- Research Units, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenghong Yuan
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, Ministry of Education and Health, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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9
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Sun X, Chuang JC, Kanchwala M, Wu L, Celen C, Li L, Liang H, Zhang S, Maples T, Nguyen LH, Wang SC, Signer RAJ, Sorouri M, Nassour I, Liu X, Xu J, Wu M, Zhao Y, Kuo YC, Wang Z, Xing C, Zhu H. Suppression of the SWI/SNF Component Arid1a Promotes Mammalian Regeneration. Cell Stem Cell 2016; 18:456-66. [PMID: 27044474 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2016.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Revised: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Mammals have partially lost the extensive regenerative capabilities of some vertebrates, possibly as a result of chromatin-remodeling mechanisms that enforce terminal differentiation. Here, we show that deleting the SWI/SNF component Arid1a substantially improves mammalian regeneration. Arid1a expression is suppressed in regenerating tissues, and genetic deletion of Arid1a increases tissue repair following an array of injuries. Arid1a deficiency in the liver increases proliferation, reduces tissue damage and fibrosis, and improves organ function following surgical resection and chemical injuries. Hepatocyte-specific deletion is also sufficient to increase proliferation and regeneration without excessive overgrowth, and global Arid1a disruption potentiates soft tissue healing in the ear. We show that Arid1a loss reprograms chromatin to restrict promoter access by transcription factors such as C/ebpα, which enforces differentiation, and E2F4, which suppresses cell-cycle re-entry. Thus, epigenetic reprogramming mediated by deletion of a single gene improves mammalian regeneration and suggests strategies to promote tissue repair after injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuxu Sun
- Departments of Pediatrics and Internal Medicine, Children's Research Institute, Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Jen-Chieh Chuang
- Departments of Pediatrics and Internal Medicine, Children's Research Institute, Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Mohammed Kanchwala
- Bioinformatics Core, Eugene McDermott Center for Human Growth & Development, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Linwei Wu
- Departments of Pediatrics and Internal Medicine, Children's Research Institute, Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Organ Transplant Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Cemre Celen
- Departments of Pediatrics and Internal Medicine, Children's Research Institute, Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Lin Li
- Departments of Pediatrics and Internal Medicine, Children's Research Institute, Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Hanquan Liang
- Bioinformatics Core, Eugene McDermott Center for Human Growth & Development, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Shuyuan Zhang
- Departments of Pediatrics and Internal Medicine, Children's Research Institute, Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Thomas Maples
- Departments of Pediatrics and Internal Medicine, Children's Research Institute, Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Liem H Nguyen
- Departments of Pediatrics and Internal Medicine, Children's Research Institute, Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Sam C Wang
- Departments of Pediatrics and Internal Medicine, Children's Research Institute, Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Robert A J Signer
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Mahsa Sorouri
- Departments of Pediatrics and Internal Medicine, Children's Research Institute, Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Ibrahim Nassour
- Departments of Pediatrics and Internal Medicine, Children's Research Institute, Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Xin Liu
- Departments of Pediatrics and Internal Medicine, Children's Research Institute, Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Jian Xu
- Departments of Pediatrics and Internal Medicine, Children's Research Institute, Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Meng Wu
- Mindich Child Health and Development Institute and Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Yong Zhao
- Mindich Child Health and Development Institute and Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Yi-Chun Kuo
- Departments of Pharmacology and Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Zhong Wang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Michigan, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Chao Xing
- Bioinformatics Core, Eugene McDermott Center for Human Growth & Development, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Hao Zhu
- Departments of Pediatrics and Internal Medicine, Children's Research Institute, Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
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10
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Möbus S, Yang D, Yuan Q, Lüdtke THW, Balakrishnan A, Sgodda M, Rani B, Kispert A, Araúzo-Bravo MJ, Vogel A, Manns MP, Ott M, Cantz T, Sharma AD. MicroRNA-199a-5p inhibition enhances the liver repopulation ability of human embryonic stem cell-derived hepatic cells. J Hepatol 2015; 62:101-10. [PMID: 25135862 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2014.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Revised: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Current hepatic differentiation protocols for human embryonic stem cells (ESCs) require substantial improvements. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been reported to regulate hepatocyte cell fate during liver development, but their utility to improve hepatocyte differentiation from ESCs remains to be investigated. Therefore, our aim was to identify and to analyse hepatogenic miRNAs for their potential to improve hepatocyte differentiation from ESCs. METHODS By miRNA profiling and in vitro screening, we identified miR-199a-5p among several potential hepatogenic miRNAs. Transplantation studies of miR-199a-5p-inhibited hepatocyte-like cells (HLCs) in the liver of immunodeficient fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase knockout mice (Fah(-/-)/Rag2(-/-)/Il2rg(-/-)) were performed to assess their in vivo liver repopulation potential. For target determination, western blot and luciferase reporter assay were carried out. RESULTS miRNA profiling revealed 20 conserved candidate hepatogenic miRNAs. By miRNA screening, only miR-199a-5p inhibition in HLCs was found to be able to enhance the in vitro hepatic differentiation of mouse as well as human ESCs. miR-199a-5p inhibition in human ESCs-derived HLCs enhanced their engraftment and repopulation capacity in the liver of Fah(-/-)/Rag2(-/-)/Il2rg(-/-) mice. Furthermore, we identified SMARCA4 and MST1 as novel targets of miR-199a-5p that may contribute to the improved hepatocyte generation and in vivo liver repopulation. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate that miR-199a-5p inhibition in ES-derived HLCs leads to improved hepatocyte differentiation. Upon transplantation, HLCs were able to engraft and repopulate the liver of Fah(-/-)/Rag2(-/-)/Il2rg(-/-) mice. Thus, our findings suggest that miRNA modulation may serve as a promising approach to generate more mature HLCs from stem cell sources for the treatment of liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selina Möbus
- Junior Research Group MicroRNA in Liver Regeneration, Cluster of Excellence REBIRTH, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Translational Hepatology and Stem Cell Biology, Cluster of Excellence REBIRTH, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Dakai Yang
- Junior Research Group MicroRNA in Liver Regeneration, Cluster of Excellence REBIRTH, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Translational Hepatology and Stem Cell Biology, Cluster of Excellence REBIRTH, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Qinggong Yuan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
| | - Timo H-W Lüdtke
- Institute for Molecular Biology, Hannover Medical School, Germany
| | - Asha Balakrishnan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
| | - Malte Sgodda
- Translational Hepatology and Stem Cell Biology, Cluster of Excellence REBIRTH, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Bhavna Rani
- Junior Research Group MicroRNA in Liver Regeneration, Cluster of Excellence REBIRTH, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Translational Hepatology and Stem Cell Biology, Cluster of Excellence REBIRTH, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Andreas Kispert
- Institute for Molecular Biology, Hannover Medical School, Germany
| | - Marcos J Araúzo-Bravo
- Computational Biology and Bioinformatics Group, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany; Group of Computational Biology and Systems Biomedicine, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, 20014 San Sebastián, Spain; IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48011 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Arndt Vogel
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Michael P Manns
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Michael Ott
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
| | - Tobias Cantz
- Translational Hepatology and Stem Cell Biology, Cluster of Excellence REBIRTH, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Computational Biology and Bioinformatics Group, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany.
| | - Amar Deep Sharma
- Junior Research Group MicroRNA in Liver Regeneration, Cluster of Excellence REBIRTH, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Translational Hepatology and Stem Cell Biology, Cluster of Excellence REBIRTH, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
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11
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Dhawan P, Wei R, Sun C, Gombart AF, Koeffler HP, Diamond G, Christakos S. C/EBPα and the Vitamin D Receptor Cooperate in the Regulation of Cathelicidin in Lung Epithelial Cells. J Cell Physiol 2014; 230:464-72. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 07/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Puneet Dhawan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School; Newark New Jersey
| | - Ran Wei
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School; Newark New Jersey
| | - Cheng Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School; Newark New Jersey
| | - Adrian F. Gombart
- Linus Pauling Institute; Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics; Oregon State University Corvallis; Oregon
| | - H. Phillip Koeffler
- Division of Hematology/Oncology; Cedars-Sinai Medical Center; UCLA School of Medicine; Los Angeles California
| | - Gill Diamond
- Department of Oral Biology; University of Florida; College of Dentistry; Gainsville Florida
| | - Sylvia Christakos
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School; Newark New Jersey
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12
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Liebau S, Mahaddalkar PU, Kestler HA, Illing A, Seufferlein T, Kleger A. A Hierarchy in Reprogramming Capacity in Different Tissue Microenvironments: What We Know and What We Need to Know. Stem Cells Dev 2013; 22:695-706. [DOI: 10.1089/scd.2012.0461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Liebau
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Pallavi U. Mahaddalkar
- Department on Stem Cell Aging, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Max Planck Research Group, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Hans A. Kestler
- Research Group of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Institute of Neural Information Processing, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Anett Illing
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Thomas Seufferlein
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Alexander Kleger
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
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13
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Endo M, Yasui K, Zen Y, Gen Y, Zen K, Tsuji K, Dohi O, Mitsuyoshi H, Tanaka S, Taniwaki M, Nakanuma Y, Arii S, Yoshikawa T. Alterations of the SWI/SNF chromatin remodelling subunit-BRG1 and BRM in hepatocellular carcinoma. Liver Int 2013; 33:105-17. [PMID: 23088494 DOI: 10.1111/liv.12005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2012] [Accepted: 09/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The SWI/SNF chromatin remodelling complex, which contains either brahma-related gene-1 (BRG1) or brahma (BRM) as the catalytic ATPase, functions as a master regulator of gene expression. AIMS To examine alterations of BRG1 and BRM in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS We investigated DNA copy number aberrations in human HCC cell lines using a high-density oligonucleotide microarray. We determined DNA copy numbers and expression levels of BRG1 and BRM genes in primary HCC tumours, and conducted further searches for mutations in BRG1 and BRM genes. RESULTS Homozygous deletion of the BRG1 gene was found in HCC cell line SNU398. Copy number losses of BRG1 and BRM genes were observed in 14 (26%) and 7 (13%) of 54 primary HCC tumours respectively. We found four somatic missense mutations in the BRG1 gene in two of 36 primary HCC tumours, but no mutations in BRM gene. Expression of BRM mRNA, but not BRG1 mRNA, was significantly reduced in primary HCC tumours, compared to non-tumour tissue counterparts. Immunohistochemical analyses of non-tumour liver tissues showed that BRM protein was expressed in hepatocytes and bile-duct epithelial cells, whereas BRG1 protein was expressed in bile-duct epithelial cells, but not in hepatocytes. BRM protein expression was lost in nine (22.5%) of 40 HCC tumours. Loss of BRM protein expression was significantly associated with poor overall survival. CONCLUSION Reduced expression of BRM may contribute to the carcinogenesis of HCC. Although deletions and mutations in BRG1 gene were identified, the role of BRG1 in HCC tumourigenesis remains unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mio Endo
- Department of Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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14
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Lee SB, Seo D, Choi D, Park KY, Holczbauer A, Marquardt JU, Conner EA, Factor VM, Thorgeirsson SS. Contribution of hepatic lineage stage-specific donor memory to the differential potential of induced mouse pluripotent stem cells. Stem Cells 2012; 30:997-1007. [PMID: 22378611 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies suggested that induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) retain a residual donor cell gene expression, which may impact their capacity to differentiate into cell of origin. Here, we addressed a contribution of a lineage stage-specific donor cell memory in modulating the functional properties of iPSCs. iPSCs were generated from hepatic lineage cells at an early (hepatoblast-derived, HB-iPSCs) and end stage (adult hepatocyte, AH-iPSCs) of hepatocyte differentiation as well as from mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs-iPSCs) using a lentiviral vector encoding four pluripotency-inducing factors Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc. All resulting iPSC lines acquired iPSCs phenotype as judged by the accepted criteria including morphology, expression of pluripotency markers, silencing of transducing factors, capacity of multilineage differentiation in teratoma assay, and normal diploid karyotype. However, HB-iPSCs were more efficient in directed differentiation toward hepatocytic lineage as compared to AH-iPSCs, MEF-iPSCs, or mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs). Extensive comparative transcriptome analyses of the early passage iPSCs, donor cells, and mESCs revealed that despite global similarities in gene expression patterns between generated iPSCs and mESCs, HB-iPSCs retained a transcriptional memory (seven upregulated and 17 downregulated genes) typical of the original cells. Continuous passaging of HB-iPSCs erased most of these differences including a superior capacity for hepatic redifferentiation. These results suggest that retention of lineage stage-specific donor memory in iPSCs may facilitate differentiation into donor cell type. The identified gene set may help to improve hepatic differentiation for therapeutic applications and contribute to the better understanding of liver development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Bum Lee
- Laboratory of Experimental Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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15
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Lu H, Cui JY, Gunewardena S, Yoo B, Zhong XB, Klaassen CD. Hepatic ontogeny and tissue distribution of mRNAs of epigenetic modifiers in mice using RNA-sequencing. Epigenetics 2012; 7:914-29. [PMID: 22772165 DOI: 10.4161/epi.21113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Developmental regulation of gene expression is controlled by distinct epigenetic signatures catalyzed by various epigenetic modifiers. Little is known about the ontogeny and tissue distribution of these epigenetic modifiers. In the present study, we used a novel approach of RNA-sequencing to elucidate hepatic ontogeny and tissue distribution of mRNA expression of 142 epigenetic modifiers, including enzymes involved in DNA methylation/demethylation, histone acetylation/deacetylation, histone methylation/demethylation, histone phosphorylation and chromosome remodeling factors in male C57BL/6 mice. Livers from male C57BL/6 mice were collected at 12 ages from prenatal to adulthood. Many of these epigenetic modifiers were expressed at much higher levels in perinatal livers than adult livers, such as Dnmt1, Dnmt3a, Dnmt3b, Apobec3, Kat1, Ncoa4, Setd8, Ash2l, Dot1l, Cbx1, Cbx3, Cbx5, Cbx6, Ezh2, Suz12, Eed, Suv39h1, Suv420h2, Dek, Hdac1, Hdac2, Hdac7, Kdm2b, Kdm5c, Kdm7, Prmt1-5, Prmt7, Smarca4, Smarcb1, Chd4 and Ino80e. In contrast, hepatic mRNA expression of a few epigenetic modifiers increased during postnatal liver development, such as Smarca2, Kdm1b, Cbx7 and Chd3. In adult mice (60 d of age), most epigenetic modifiers were expressed at moderately (1-3-fold) higher levels in kidney and/or small intestine than liver. In conclusion, this study, for the first time, unveils developmental changes in mRNA abundance of all major known epigenetic modifiers in mouse liver. These data suggest that ontogenic changes in mRNA expression of epigenetic modifiers may play important roles in determining the addition and/or removal of corresponding epigenetic signatures during liver development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA.
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Abstract
Organismal aging and longevity are influenced by many complex interacting factors. Epigenetics has recently emerged as another possible determinant of aging. Here, we review some of the epigenetic pathways that contribute to cellular senescence and age-associated phenotypes. Strategies aimed to reverse age-linked epigenetic alterations may lead to the development of new therapeutic interventions to delay or alleviate some of the most debilitating age-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ursula Muñoz-Najar
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02903, USA.
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17
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Ryme J, Asp P, Böhm S, Cavellán E, Farrants AKO. Variations in the composition of mammalian SWI/SNF chromatin remodelling complexes. J Cell Biochem 2009; 108:565-76. [PMID: 19650111 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.22288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The ATP-dependent chromatin remodelling complexes SWI/SNF alter the chromatin structure in transcriptional regulation. Several classes of mammalian SWI/SNF complex have been isolated biochemically, distinguished by a few specific subunits, such as the BAF-specific BAF250A, BAF250B and BRM, and the PBAF-specific BAF180. We have determined the complex compositions using low stringency immunoprecipitation (IP) and shown that the pattern of subunit interactions was more diverse than previously defined classes had predicted. The subunit association at five gene promoters that depend on the SWI/SNF activity varied and the sequential chromatin immunoprecipitations revealed that different class-specific subunits occupied the promoters at the same time. The low-stringency IP showed that the BAF-specific BAF250A and BAF250B and the PBAF-specific BAF180 co-exist in a subset of SWI/SNF complexes, and fractionation of nuclear extract on size-exclusion chromatography demonstrated that sub-complexes with unorthodox subunit compositions were present in the cell. We propose a model in which the constellations of SWI/SNF complexes are "tailored" for each specific chromatin target and depend on the local chromatin environment to which complexes and sub-complexes are recruited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Ryme
- Department of Cell Biology, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
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18
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Tyagi A, Ryme J, Brodin D, Östlund Farrants AK, Visa N. SWI/SNF associates with nascent pre-mRNPs and regulates alternative pre-mRNA processing. PLoS Genet 2009; 5:e1000470. [PMID: 19424417 PMCID: PMC2669885 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1000470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2008] [Accepted: 04/07/2009] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complexes regulate the transcription of many genes by remodeling nucleosomes at promoter regions. In Drosophila, SWI/SNF plays an important role in ecdysone-dependent transcription regulation. Studies in human cells suggest that Brahma (Brm), the ATPase subunit of SWI/SNF, regulates alternative pre-mRNA splicing by modulating transcription elongation rates. We describe, here, experiments that study the association of Brm with transcribed genes in Chironomus tentans and Drosophila melanogaster, the purpose of which was to further elucidate the mechanisms by which Brm regulates pre-mRNA processing. We show that Brm becomes incorporated into nascent Balbiani ring pre-mRNPs co-transcriptionally and that the human Brm and Brg1 proteins are associated with RNPs. We have analyzed the expression profiles of D. melanogaster S2 cells in which the levels of individual SWI/SNF subunits have been reduced by RNA interference, and we show that depletion of SWI/SNF core subunits changes the relative abundance of alternative transcripts from a subset of genes. This observation, and the fact that a fraction of Brm is not associated with chromatin but with nascent pre-mRNPs, suggest that SWI/SNF affects pre-mRNA processing by acting at the RNA level. Ontology enrichment tests indicate that the genes that are regulated post-transcriptionally by SWI/SNF are mostly enzymes and transcription factors that regulate postembryonic developmental processes. In summary, the data suggest that SWI/SNF becomes incorporated into nascent pre-mRNPs and acts post-transcriptionally to regulate not only the amount of mRNA synthesized from a given promoter but also the type of alternative transcript produced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anu Tyagi
- Department of Molecular Biology and Functional Genomics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jessica Ryme
- Department of Cell Biology at the Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - David Brodin
- Bioinformatics and Expression Analysis Core Facility, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge, Sweden
| | | | - Neus Visa
- Department of Molecular Biology and Functional Genomics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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19
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Lelièvre SA. Contributions of extracellular matrix signaling and tissue architecture to nuclear mechanisms and spatial organization of gene expression control. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2009; 1790:925-35. [PMID: 19328836 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2009.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2009] [Revised: 03/13/2009] [Accepted: 03/15/2009] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Post-translational modification of histones, ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling, and DNA methylation are interconnected nuclear mechanisms that ultimately lead to the changes in chromatin structure necessary to carry out epigenetic gene expression control. Tissue differentiation is characterized by a specific gene expression profile in association with the acquisition of a defined tissue architecture and function. Elements critical for tissue differentiation, like extracellular stimuli, adhesion and cell shape properties, and transcription factors all contribute to the modulation of gene expression and thus, are likely to impinge on the nuclear mechanisms of epigenetic gene expression control. In this review, we analyze how these elements modify chromatin structure in a hierarchical manner by acting on the nuclear machinery. We discuss how mechanotransduction via the structural continuum of the cell and biochemical signaling to the cell nucleus integrate to provide a comprehensive control of gene expression. The role of nuclear organization in this control is highlighted, with a presentation of differentiation-induced nuclear structure and the concept of nuclear organization as a modulator of the response to incoming signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie A Lelièvre
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences and Cancer Center, Purdue University, Lynn, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2026, USA.
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20
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Molina H, Yang Y, Ruch T, Kim JW, Mortensen P, Otto T, Nalli A, Tang QQ, Lane MD, Chaerkady R, Pandey A. Temporal profiling of the adipocyte proteome during differentiation using a five-plex SILAC based strategy. J Proteome Res 2009; 8:48-58. [PMID: 18947249 DOI: 10.1021/pr800650r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The adipose tissue has important secretory and endocrine functions in humans. The regulation of adipocyte differentiation has been actively pursued using transcriptomic methods over the last several years. Quantitative proteomics has emerged as a promising approach to obtain temporal profiles of biological processes such as differentiation. Stable isotope labeling with amino acids in cell culture (SILAC) is a simple and robust method for labeling proteins in vivo. Here, we describe the development and application of a five-plex SILAC experiment using four different heavy stable isotopic forms of arginine to study the nuclear proteome and the secretome during the course of adipocyte differentiation. Tandem mass spectrometry analysis using a quadrupole time-of-flight instrument resulted in identification of a total 882 proteins from these two proteomes. Of these proteins, 427 were identified on the basis of one or more arginine-containing peptides that allowed quantitation. In addition to previously reported molecules that are differentially expressed during the process of adipogenesis (e.g., adiponectin and lipoprotein lipase), we identified several proteins whose differential expression during adipocyte differentiation has not been documented previously. For example, THO complex 4, a context-dependent transcriptional activator in the T-cell receptor alpha enhancer complex, showed highest expression at middle stage of adipogenesis, while SNF2 alpha, a chromatin remodeling protein, was downregulated upon initiation of adipogenesis and remained so during subsequent time points. This study using a 5-plex SILAC to investigate dynamics illustrates the power of this approach to identify differentially expressed proteins in a temporal fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrik Molina
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.,Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Yi Yang
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.,Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Travis Ruch
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Jae-Woo Kim
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Peter Mortensen
- Center for Experimental BioInformatics (CEBI), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Tamara Otto
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Anuradha Nalli
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore 560066, India
| | - Qi-Qun Tang
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - M Daniel Lane
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Raghothama Chaerkady
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.,Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.,Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore 560066, India
| | - Akhilesh Pandey
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.,Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.,Departments of Pathology and Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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Zhang B, Chambers KJ, Leprince D, Faller DV, Wang S. Requirement for chromatin-remodeling complex in novel tumor suppressor HIC1-mediated transcriptional repression and growth control. Oncogene 2008; 28:651-61. [PMID: 19015639 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2008.419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
HIC1 is a newly discovered tumor suppressor and transcriptional repressor that is frequently silenced in human tumors. HIC1 protein expression has been linked to better outcomes in breast cancers. The molecular mechanism underlying HIC1-mediated transcriptional and growth suppression, and the relevant targets of HIC1-mediated transcriptional modulation, is currently unclear. We have identified an HIC1 DNA-binding site in E2F-responsive gene promoters and demonstrate that HIC1 targets E2F-responsive genes for transcriptional regulation and growth suppression. We and others have recently discovered that Brg1, a central component of the SWI/SNF chromatin-remodeling family, is required for the transcriptional regulation of multiple cell cycle control-related genes, including E2F-responsive promoters. We studied HIC1 interactions with, and dependence upon, Brg1 activity, and found that HIC1 can recruit Brg1 to E2F-responsive promoters and that its transcriptional repression of these genes is dependent upon Brg1. These data indicate that HIC1 is a central molecule in a novel mechanism controlling cell growth and that the disruption of this HIC1-mediated pathway may lead to abnormal cell proliferation and, ultimately, cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Zhang
- Cancer Research Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
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22
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Chromatin remodelling and actin organisation. FEBS Lett 2008; 582:2041-50. [PMID: 18442483 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2008.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2008] [Revised: 04/15/2008] [Accepted: 04/21/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Chromatin remodelling is a prerequisite for nuclear processes, and cells have several different ways of remodelling the chromatin structure. The ATP-dependent chromatin remodelling complexes are large multiprotein complexes that use ATP to change DNA-histone contacts. These complexes are classified into 4 sub-families depending on the central ATPase. The switch mating type/sucrose non-fermenting (SWI/SNF) complexes are mainly involved in transcriptional regulation, and this means that they are involved in many processes, such as the formation of actin filaments in the cytoplasm. SWI/SNF complexes are involved in the regulation of genes expressing cell adhesion proteins and extracellular matrix proteins. Actin is also present in the nucleus, affecting transcription, RNA processing and export. In addition, actin and actin-related proteins are subunits of SWI/SNF complexes and the INO80-containing complexes, another subfamily of ATP-dependent chromatin remodelling complexes. Not all functions of the actin and actin-related proteins in the complexes are yet clear: it is known that they play important roles in maintaining the stability of the proteins, possibly by bridging subunits and recruiting the complexes to chromatin.
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Itoh T, Miyake K, Iijima S. Differentiation-specific expression of chromatin remodeling factor BRM. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2008; 366:827-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2007.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2007] [Accepted: 12/05/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Brown E, Malakar S, Krebs JE. How many remodelers does it take to make a brain? Diverse and cooperative roles of ATP-dependent chromatin-remodeling complexes in development. Biochem Cell Biol 2008; 85:444-62. [PMID: 17713580 DOI: 10.1139/o07-059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of a metazoan from a single-celled zygote to a complex multicellular organism requires elaborate and carefully regulated programs of gene expression. However, the tight packaging of genomic DNA into chromatin makes genes inaccessible to the cellular machinery and must be overcome by the processes of chromatin remodeling; in addition, chromatin remodeling can preferentially silence genes when their expression is not required. One class of chromatin remodelers, ATP-dependent chromatin-remodeling enzymes, can slide nucleosomes along the DNA to make specific DNA sequences accessible or inaccessible to regulators at a particular stage of development. While all ATPases in the SWI2/SNF2 superfamily share the fundamental ability to alter DNA accessibility in chromatin, they do not act alone, but rather, are subunits of a large assortment of protein complexes. Recent studies illuminate common themes by which the subunit compositions of chromatin-remodeling complexes specify the developmental roles that chromatin remodelers play in specific tissues and at specific stages of development, in response to specific signaling pathways and transcription factors. In this review, we will discuss the known roles in metazoan development of 3 major subfamilies of chromatin-remodeling complexes: the SNF2, ISWI, and CHD subfamilies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvin Brown
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Drive, Anchorage, AK 99508, USA
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25
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C/EBPα knock-in hepatocytes exhibit increased albumin secretion and urea production. Cell Tissue Res 2007; 330:427-35. [DOI: 10.1007/s00441-007-0505-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2007] [Accepted: 08/30/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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26
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Zhang M, Fang H, Zhou J, Herring BP. A novel role of Brg1 in the regulation of SRF/MRTFA-dependent smooth muscle-specific gene expression. J Biol Chem 2007; 282:25708-16. [PMID: 17599918 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m701925200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Serum response factor (SRF) is a key regulator of smooth muscle differentiation, proliferation, and migration. Myocardin-related transcription factor A (MRTFA) is a co-activator of SRF that can induce expression of SRF-dependent, smooth muscle-specific genes and actin/Rho-dependent genes, but not MAPK-regulated growth response genes. How MRTFA and SRF discriminate between these sets of target genes is still unclear. We hypothesized that SWI/SNF ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling complexes, containing Brahma-related gene 1 (Brg1) or Brahma (Brm), may play a role in this process. Results from Western blotting and qRT-PCR analysis demonstrated that dominant negative Brg1 blocked the ability of MRTFA to induce expression of smooth muscle-specific genes, but not actin/Rho-dependent early response genes, in fibroblasts. In addition, dominant negative Brg1 attenuated expression of smooth muscle-specific genes in primary cultures of smooth muscle cells. MRTFA overexpression did not induce expression of smooth muscle-specific genes in SW13 cells, which lack endogenous Brg1 or Brm. Reintroduction of Brg1 or Brm into SW13 cells restored their responsiveness to MRTFA. Immunoprecipitation assays revealed that Brg1, SRF, and MRTFA form a complex in vivo, and Brg1 directly binds MRTFA, but not SRF, in vitro. Results from chromatin immunoprecipitation assays demonstrated that dominant negative Brg1 significantly attenuated the ability of MRTFA to increase SRF binding to the promoters of smooth muscle-specific genes, but not early response genes. Together these data suggest that Brg1/Brm containing SWI/SNF complexes play a critical role in regulating expression of SRF/MRTFA-dependent smooth muscle-specific genes but not SRF/MRTFA-dependent early response genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhang
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202-5120, USA
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27
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Zhang B, Chambers KJ, Faller DV, Wang S. Reprogramming of the SWI/SNF complex for co-activation or co-repression in prohibitin-mediated estrogen receptor regulation. Oncogene 2007; 26:7153-7. [PMID: 17486062 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1210509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The SWI/SNF complex participates as a co-activator in the transcriptional regulation of certain genes. Conversely, we and others have recently established that Brg1 and Brm, the central components of SWI/SNF, act instead as co-repressors for E2F-mediated transcriptional repression, and for the transcription of certain other promoters. We report here that Brg-1 and Brm can switch their mode of function at same promoter between activation and repression by ligand-directed differential coordination with BAF155, BAF170, HDAC1, p300 and prohibitin. This ligand and context-dependent reprogramming of the SWI/SNF complex allows it to differentially serve as either a co-repressor or a co-activator of transcription at the same promoter.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Zhang
- Cancer Research Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
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28
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Bezhani S, Winter C, Hershman S, Wagner JD, Kennedy JF, Kwon CS, Pfluger J, Su Y, Wagner D. Unique, shared, and redundant roles for the Arabidopsis SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling ATPases BRAHMA and SPLAYED. THE PLANT CELL 2007; 19:403-16. [PMID: 17293567 PMCID: PMC1867337 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.106.048272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Chromatin remodeling is emerging as a central mechanism for patterning and differentiation in multicellular eukaryotes. SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling ATPases are conserved in the animal and plant kingdom and regulate transcriptional programs in response to endogenous and exogenous cues. In contrast with their metazoan orthologs, null mutants in two Arabidopsis thaliana SWI/SNF ATPases, BRAHMA (BRM) and SPLAYED (SYD), are viable, facilitating investigation of their role in the organism. Previous analyses revealed that syd and brm null mutants exhibit both similar and distinct developmental defects, yet the functional relationship between the two closely related ATPases is not understood. Another central question is whether these proteins act as general or specific transcriptional regulators. Using global expression studies, double mutant analysis, and protein interaction assays, we find overlapping functions for the two SWI/SNF ATPases. This partial diversification may have allowed expansion of the SWI/SNF ATPase regulatory repertoire, while preserving essential ancestral functions. Moreover, only a small fraction of all genes depends on SYD or BRM for expression, indicating that these SWI/SNF ATPases exhibit remarkable regulatory specificity. Our studies provide a conceptual framework for understanding the role of SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling in regulation of Arabidopsis development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Staver Bezhani
- Department of Biology, University of Pensylvania, Philadelphia, Penslvania 19104, USA
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Gangaraju VK, Bartholomew B. Mechanisms of ATP dependent chromatin remodeling. Mutat Res 2007; 618:3-17. [PMID: 17306844 PMCID: PMC2584342 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2006.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2006] [Accepted: 08/14/2006] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The inter-relationship between DNA repair and ATP dependent chromatin remodeling has begun to become very apparent with recent discoveries. ATP dependent remodeling complexes mobilize nucleosomes along DNA, promote the exchange of histones, or completely displace nucleosomes from DNA. These remodeling complexes are often categorized based on the domain organization of their catalytic subunit. The biochemical properties and structural information of several of these remodeling complexes are reviewed. The different models for how these complexes are able to mobilize nucleosomes and alter nucleosome structure are presented incorporating several recent findings. Finally the role of histone tails and their respective modifications in ATP-dependent remodeling are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vamsi K Gangaraju
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Carbondale, IL. 62901-4413, USA
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Ooi L, Belyaev ND, Miyake K, Wood IC, Buckley NJ. BRG1 chromatin remodeling activity is required for efficient chromatin binding by repressor element 1-silencing transcription factor (REST) and facilitates REST-mediated repression. J Biol Chem 2006; 281:38974-80. [PMID: 17023429 PMCID: PMC1820614 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m605370200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromatin remodeling enzymes such as SWI/SNF use the hydrolysis of ATP to power the movement of nucleosomes with respect to DNA. BRG1, one of the ATPases of the SWI/SNF complex, can be recruited by both activators and repressors, although the precise role of BRG1 in mechanisms of repression has thus far remained unclear. One transcription factor that recruits BRG1 as a corepressor is the repressor element 1-silencing transcription factor (REST). Here we address for the first time the mechanism of BRG1 activity in gene repression. We found that BRG1 enhanced REST-mediated repression at some REST target genes by increasing the interaction of REST with the local chromatin at its binding sites. Furthermore, REST-chromatin interactions, mediated by BRG1, were enhanced following an increase in histone acetylation in a manner dependent on the BRG1 bromodomain. Our data suggest that BRG1 facilitates REST repression by increasing the interaction between REST and chromatin. Such a mechanism may be applicable to other transcriptional repressors that utilize BRG1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lezanne Ooi
- Institute of Membrane and Systems Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom.
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Sato Y, Miyake K, Kaneoka H, Iijima S. Sumoylation of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha and its functional roles in hepatocyte differentiation. J Biol Chem 2006; 281:21629-21639. [PMID: 16735515 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m600852200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The sumoylation of CCAAT/enhancer-binding proteins (C/EBPs) by small ubiquitin-related modifier-1 (SUMO-1) has been reported recently. In this study, we investigated the functional role of the sumoylation of C/EBPalpha in the differentiation of hepatocytes. The amount of sumoylated C/EBPalpha gradually decreased during the differentiation, which suggests that the sumoylation is important for the control of growth/differentiation especially in the fetal liver. To analyze the function of the sumoylation of C/EBPalpha in liver-specific gene expression, we studied its effects on the expression of the albumin gene. The C/EBPalpha-mediated transactivation of the albumin gene was reduced by sumoylation of C/EBPalpha in primary fetal hepatocytes. The enhancement of C/EBPalpha-mediated transactivation by BRG1, a core subunit of the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex, was hampered by sumoylation in a luciferase reporter assay. In addition, we discovered that sumoylation of C/EBPalpha blocked its inhibitory effect on cell proliferation by leading to the disruption of a proliferation-inhibitory complex because of a failure of the sumoylated C/EBPalpha to interact with BRG1. BRG1 was recruited to the dihydrofolate reductase promoter in nonproliferating C33a cells but was not detected in proliferating cells where C/EBPalpha, BRG1, and SUMO-1 were overexpressed. This result suggests that BRG1 down-regulates the expression of the dihydrofolate reductase gene. These findings provide the insight that SUMO acts as a space regulator, which affects protein-protein interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshitaka Sato
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Katsuhide Miyake
- Ecotopia Science Institute, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan.
| | - Hidenori Kaneoka
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Shinji Iijima
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
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Miyake K, Takahashi M, Dohda T, Kaneoka H, Sato Y, Inayoshi Y, Kamihira M, Iijima S. Transcriptional Regulation of the α-fetoprotein Gene by SWI/SNF Chromatin Remodeling Complex. Cytotechnology 2005. [DOI: 10.1007/s10616-006-6702-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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