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Nakamura Y, Kulkarni NN, Takahashi T, Alimohamadi H, Dokoshi T, Liu E, Shia M, Numata T, Luo EW, Gombart AF, Yang X, Secrest P, Gordts PL, Tsimikas S, Wong GC, Gallo RL. Increased LL37 in psoriasis and other inflammatory disorders promotes LDL uptake and atherosclerosis. J Clin Invest 2024; 134:e172578. [PMID: 38194294 PMCID: PMC10904043 DOI: 10.1172/jci172578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Patients with chronic inflammatory disorders such as psoriasis have an increased risk of cardiovascular disease and elevated levels of LL37, a cathelicidin host defense peptide that has both antimicrobial and proinflammatory properties. To explore whether LL37 could contribute to the risk of heart disease, we examined its effects on lipoprotein metabolism and show that LL37 enhanced LDL uptake in macrophages through the LDL receptor (LDLR), scavenger receptor class B member 1 (SR-B1), and CD36. This interaction led to increased cytosolic cholesterol in macrophages and changes in expression of lipid metabolism genes consistent with increased cholesterol uptake. Structure-function analysis and synchrotron small-angle x-ray scattering showed structural determinants of the LL37-LDL complex that underlie its ability to bind its receptors and promote uptake. This function of LDL uptake is unique to cathelicidins from humans and some primates and was not observed with cathelicidins from mice or rabbits. Notably, Apoe-/- mice expressing LL37 developed larger atheroma plaques than did control mice, and a positive correlation between plasma LL37 and oxidized phospholipid on apolipoprotein B (OxPL-apoB) levels was observed in individuals with cardiovascular disease. These findings provide evidence that LDL uptake can be increased via interaction with LL37 and may explain the increased risk of cardiovascular disease associated with chronic inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Adrian F. Gombart
- Linus Pauling Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | | | - Patrick Secrest
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, and
| | - Philip L.S.M. Gordts
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, and
- Glycobiology Research and Training Center, UCSD, La Jolla, California, USA
| | | | - Gerard C.L. Wong
- Department of Bioengineering, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
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2
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Berger MM, Amrein K, Barazzoni R, Bindels L, Bretón I, Calder PC, Cappa S, Cuerda C, D'Amelio P, de Man A, Delzenne NM, Forbes A, Genton L, Gombart AF, Joly F, Laviano A, Matthys C, Phyo PP, Ravasco P, Serlie MJ, Shenkin A, Stoffel NU, Talwar D, van Zanten ARH. The science of micronutrients in clinical practice - Report on the ESPEN symposium. Clin Nutr 2024; 43:268-283. [PMID: 38104489 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2023.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism published its first clinical guidelines for use of micronutrients (MNs) in 2022. A two-day web symposium was organized in November 2022 discussing how to apply the guidelines in clinical practice. The present paper reports the main findings of this symposium. METHODS Current evidence was discussed, the first day being devoted to clarifying the biology underlying the guidelines, especially regarding the definition of deficiency, the impact of inflammation, and the roles in antioxidant defences and immunity. The second day focused on clinical situations with high prevalence of MN depletion and deficiency. RESULTS The importance of the determination of MN status in patients at risk and diagnosis of deficiencies is still insufficiently perceived, considering the essential role of MNs in immune and antioxidant defences. Epidemiological data show that deficiencies of several MNs (iron, iodine, vitamin D) are a global problem that affects human health and well-being including immune responses such as to vaccination. Clinical conditions frequently associated with MN deficiencies were discussed including cancer, obesity with impact of bariatric surgery, diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, critical illness, and aging. In all these conditions, MN deficiency is associated with worsening of outcomes. The recurrent problem of shortage of MN products, but also lack of individual MN-products is a worldwide problem. CONCLUSION Despite important progress in epidemiology and clinical nutrition, numerous gaps in practice persist. MN depletion and deficiency are frequently insufficiently searched for in clinical conditions, leading to inadequate treatment. The symposium concluded that more research and continued education are required to improve patient outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mette M Berger
- Lausanne University, Faculty of Biology & Medicine, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Karin Amrein
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria.
| | - Rocco Barazzoni
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy.
| | - Laure Bindels
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Irene Bretón
- Nutrition Unit, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Philip C Calder
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton and NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK.
| | - Stefano Cappa
- IUSS Cognitive Neuroscience (ICoN) Center, University School for Advanced Studies (IUSS-Pavia), 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Cristina Cuerda
- Departamento de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Nutrition Unit, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Patrizia D'Amelio
- Service de gériatrie et réadaptation gériatrique, Département de Médecine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Angélique de Man
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Research VUMC Intensive Care, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Science, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Nathalie M Delzenne
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Alastair Forbes
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.
| | - Laurence Genton
- Clinical Nutrition Unit, Department of Endocrinology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Adrian F Gombart
- Linus Pauling Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
| | - Francisca Joly
- Beaujon Hospital, APHP, Clichy, University of Paris VII, France.
| | - Alessandro Laviano
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, University La Sapienza, Rome, Italy.
| | | | - Pyi Pyi Phyo
- WHO European Office for the Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases, WHO Regional Office for Europe, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Paula Ravasco
- Coordinator of the Curricular Units Diabetes, Obesity and Lifestyle, Digestion and Defence, University of Lisbon - Católica Medical School, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Mireille J Serlie
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Alan Shenkin
- Institute of Aging and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
| | - Nicole U Stoffel
- Laboratory of Human Nutrition, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Switzerland; MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK.
| | - Dinesh Talwar
- Department of Biochemistry, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, UK.
| | - Arthur R H van Zanten
- Gelderse Vallei Hospital, Ede and Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
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3
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Newman NK, Zhang Y, Padiadpu J, Miranda CL, Magana AA, Wong CP, Hioki KA, Pederson JW, Li Z, Gurung M, Bruce AM, Brown K, Bobe G, Sharpton TJ, Shulzhenko N, Maier CS, Stevens JF, Gombart AF, Morgun A. Reducing gut microbiome-driven adipose tissue inflammation alleviates metabolic syndrome. Microbiome 2023; 11:208. [PMID: 37735685 PMCID: PMC10512512 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-023-01637-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The gut microbiota contributes to macrophage-mediated inflammation in adipose tissue with consumption of an obesogenic diet, thus driving the development of metabolic syndrome. There is a need to identify and develop interventions that abrogate this condition. The hops-derived prenylated flavonoid xanthohumol (XN) and its semi-synthetic derivative tetrahydroxanthohumol (TXN) attenuate high-fat diet-induced obesity, hepatosteatosis, and metabolic syndrome in C57Bl/6J mice. This coincides with a decrease in pro-inflammatory gene expression in the gut and adipose tissue, together with alterations in the gut microbiota and bile acid composition. RESULTS In this study, we integrated and interrogated multi-omics data from different organs with fecal 16S rRNA sequences and systemic metabolic phenotypic data using a Transkingdom Network Analysis. By incorporating cell type information from single-cell RNA-seq data, we discovered TXN attenuates macrophage inflammatory processes in adipose tissue. TXN treatment also reduced levels of inflammation-inducing microbes, such as Oscillibacter valericigenes, that lead to adverse metabolic phenotypes. Furthermore, in vitro validation in macrophage cell lines and in vivo mouse supplementation showed addition of O. valericigenes supernatant induced the expression of metabolic macrophage signature genes that are downregulated by TXN in vivo. CONCLUSIONS Our findings establish an important mechanism by which TXN mitigates adverse phenotypic outcomes of diet-induced obesity and metabolic syndrome. TXN primarily reduces the abundance of pro-inflammatory gut microbes that can otherwise promote macrophage-associated inflammation in white adipose tissue. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- N K Newman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Y Zhang
- School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Nutrition Program, Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
- Present address: Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - J Padiadpu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - C L Miranda
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - A A Magana
- Department of Chemistry, Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - C P Wong
- School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Nutrition Program, Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - K A Hioki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
- Present address: UMASS, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - J W Pederson
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Z Li
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - M Gurung
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
- Present address: Children Nutrition Center, USDA, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - A M Bruce
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - K Brown
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
- Chemical, Biological & Environmental Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - G Bobe
- Department of Animal Sciences, Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - T J Sharpton
- Department of Microbiology, Department of Statistics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - N Shulzhenko
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA.
| | - C S Maier
- Department of Chemistry, Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - J F Stevens
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - A F Gombart
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Linus Pauling Institute, Corvallis, OR, USA.
| | - A Morgun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA.
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4
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Gombart AF, Michels AJ, Eggersdorfer M. There is no evidence that vitamin D supplementation drives the progression of Alzheimer's disease. Aging Cell 2022; 22:e13758. [PMID: 36533447 PMCID: PMC9835569 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Adrian F. Gombart
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Linus Pauling InstituteOregon State UniversityCorvallisOregonUSA
| | | | - Manfred Eggersdorfer
- Department of Internal MedicineUniversity Medical Center GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
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5
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Su Y, Sharma NS, John JV, Ganguli-Indra G, Indra AK, Gombart AF, Xie J. Engineered Exosomes Containing Cathelicidin/LL-37 Exhibit Multiple Biological Functions. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2200849. [PMID: 35930707 PMCID: PMC9588668 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202200849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes show great potential in diagnostic and therapeutic applications. Inspired by the human innate immune defense, herein, we report engineered exosomes derived from monocytic cells treated with immunomodulating compounds 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, and CYP24A1 inhibitor VID400 which are slowly released from electrospun nanofiber matrices. These engineered exosomes contain significantly more cathelicidin/LL-37 when compared with exosomes derived from either untreated cells or Cathelicidin Human Tagged ORF Clone transfected cells. In addition, such exosomes exhibit multiple biological functions evidenced by killing bacteria, facilitating human umbilical vein endothelial cell tube formation, and enhancing skin cell proliferation and migration. Taken together, the engineered exosomes developed in this study can be used as therapeutics alone or in combination with other biomaterials for effective infection management, wound healing, and tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajuan Su
- Department of Surgery-Transplant and Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, 68198, USA
| | - Navatha Shree Sharma
- Department of Surgery-Transplant and Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, 68198, USA
| | - Johnson V John
- Department of Surgery-Transplant and Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, 68198, USA
| | - Gitali Ganguli-Indra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, 97331, USA
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, 97239, USA
| | - Arup K Indra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, 97331, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, 97239, USA
- Linus Pauling Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, 97331, USA
| | - Adrian F Gombart
- Linus Pauling Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, 97331, USA
| | - Jingwei Xie
- Department of Surgery-Transplant and Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, 68198, USA
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, 68588, USA
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6
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Eggersdorfer M, Berger MM, Calder PC, Gombart AF, Ho E, Laviano A, Meydani SN. Perspective: Role of Micronutrients and Omega-3 Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids for Immune Outcomes of Relevance to Infections in Older Adults-A Narrative Review and Call for Action. Adv Nutr 2022; 13:1415-1430. [PMID: 35587877 PMCID: PMC9384096 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmac058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The immune system is weakened by advancing age, often referred to as immunosenescence, increasing the vulnerability to, and frequently the severity of, infectious diseases in older people. This has become very apparent in the current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic for which older people are at higher risk of severe outcomes, even those who are fully vaccinated. Aging affects both the innate and adaptive immune systems and is characterized by an imbalanced inflammatory response. Increasing evidence shows that optimal status of nutrients such as vitamins C, D, and E and selenium and zinc as well as the omega-3 (n-3) fatty acids DHA and EPA can help compensate for these age-related changes. While inadequate intakes of these nutrients are widespread in the general population, this is often more pronounced in older people. Maintaining adequate intakes is a challenge for them due to a range of factors such as physical, physiological, and cognitive changes; altered absorption; and the presence of noncommunicable diseases. While nutritional requirements are ideally covered by a balanced diet, this can be difficult to achieve, particularly for older people. Fortified foods and nutritional complements are effective in achieving adequate micronutrient intakes and should be considered as a safe and cost-effective means for older people to improve their nutritional status and hence support their defense against infections. Complementing the diet with a combination of micronutrients, particularly those playing a key role in the immune system such as vitamins C, D, and E and selenium and zinc as well as DHA and EPA, is recommended for older people. Optimal nutrition to support the immune system in older people will remain essential, particularly in the face of the current COVID-19 pandemic and, thus, developing strategies to ensure adequate nutrition for the growing number of older adults will be an important and cost-effective investment in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Philip C Calder
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton and NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Adrian F Gombart
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Emily Ho
- College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Alessandro Laviano
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Simin N Meydani
- Nutritional Immunology Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
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7
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Aloul KM, Nielsen JE, Defensor EB, Lin JS, Fortkort JA, Shamloo M, Cirillo JD, Gombart AF, Barron AE. Upregulating Human Cathelicidin Antimicrobial Peptide LL-37 Expression May Prevent Severe COVID-19 Inflammatory Responses and Reduce Microthrombosis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:880961. [PMID: 35634307 PMCID: PMC9134243 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.880961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 is characterized by hyperactivation by inflammatory cytokines and recruitment of macrophages, neutrophils, and other immune cells, all hallmarks of a strong inflammatory response that can lead to severe complications and multi-organ damage. Mortality in COVID-19 patients is associated with a high prevalence of neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation and microthrombosis that are exacerbated by hyperglycemia, diabetes, and old age. SARS-CoV-2 infection in humans and non-human primates have revealed long-term neurological consequences of COVID-19, possibly concomitant with the formation of Lewy bodies in the brain and invasion of the nervous system via the olfactory bulb. In this paper, we review the relevance of the human cathelicidin LL-37 in SARS-CoV-2 infections. LL-37 is an immunomodulatory, host defense peptide with direct anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity, and pleiotropic effects on the inflammatory response, neovascularization, Lewy body formation, and pancreatic islet cell function. The bioactive form of vitamin D and a number of other compounds induce LL-37 expression and one might predict its upregulation, could reduce the prevalence of severe COVID-19. We hypothesize upregulation of LL-37 will act therapeutically, facilitating efficient NET clearance by macrophages, speeding endothelial repair after inflammatory tissue damage, preventing α-synuclein aggregation, and supporting blood-glucose level stabilization by facilitating insulin release and islet β-cell neogenesis. In addition, it has been postulated that LL-37 can directly bind the S1 domain of SARS-CoV-2, mask angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors, and limit SARS-CoV-2 infection. Purposeful upregulation of LL-37 could also serve as a preventative and therapeutic strategy for SARS-CoV-2 infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim M. Aloul
- Department of Bioengineering, Schools of Medicine and of Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Josefine Eilsø Nielsen
- Department of Bioengineering, Schools of Medicine and of Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Erwin B. Defensor
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Jennifer S. Lin
- Department of Bioengineering, Schools of Medicine and of Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - John A. Fortkort
- Department of Bioengineering, Schools of Medicine and of Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Mehrdad Shamloo
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Jeffrey D. Cirillo
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Texas A&M College of Medicine, Bryan, TX, United States
| | - Adrian F. Gombart
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
- The Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Annelise E. Barron
- Department of Bioengineering, Schools of Medicine and of Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
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8
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Calder PC, Berger MM, Gombart AF, McComsey GA, Martineau AR, Eggersdorfer M. Micronutrients to Support Vaccine Immunogenicity and Efficacy. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10040568. [PMID: 35455317 PMCID: PMC9024865 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10040568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The world has entered the third year of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Vaccination is the primary public health strategy to protect against infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), in addition to other measures, such as mask wearing and social distancing. Vaccination has reduced COVID-19 severity and mortality dramatically. Nevertheless, incidence globally remains high, and certain populations are still at risk for severe outcomes. Additional strategies to support immunity, including potentially enhancing the response to vaccination, are needed. Many vitamins and trace minerals have recognized immunomodulatory actions, and their status and/or supplementation have been reported to correspond to the incidence and severity of infection. Furthermore, a variety of observational and some interventional studies report that adequate micronutrient status or micronutrient supplementation is associated with enhanced vaccine responses, including to COVID-19 vaccination. Such data suggest that micronutrient supplementation may hold the potential to improve vaccine immunogenicity and effectiveness, although additional interventional studies to further strengthen the existing evidence are needed. Positive findings from such research could have important implications for global public health, since deficiencies in several micronutrients that support immune function are prevalent in numerous settings, and supplementation can be implemented safely and inexpensively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip C. Calder
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, University of Southampton, Tremona Road, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK;
| | - Mette M. Berger
- Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland;
| | - Adrian F. Gombart
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA;
| | - Grace A. McComsey
- University Hospitals of Cleveland, Case Western Reserve University, 11100 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA;
| | - Adrian R. Martineau
- Centre for Immunobiology, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK;
| | - Manfred Eggersdorfer
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
- Correspondence:
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9
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Su Y, Ganguli-Indra G, Bhattacharya N, Logan IE, Indra AK, Gombart AF, Wong SL, Xie J. Codelivery of 1α,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D 3 and CYP24A1 Inhibitor VID400 by Nanofiber Dressings Promotes Endogenous Antimicrobial Peptide LL-37 Induction. Mol Pharm 2022; 19:974-984. [PMID: 35179903 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.1c00944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Surgical site infections represent a significant clinical problem. Herein, we report a nanofiber dressing for topical codelivery of immunomodulating compounds including 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) and VID400, a CYP24A1 inhibitor in a sustained manner, for inducing the expression of the endogenous cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide (CAMP) gene encoding the hCAP18 protein, which is processed into the LL-37 peptide. Nanofiber wound dressings with coencapsulation of 1,25(OH)2D3 and VID400 were generated by electrospinning. Both 1,25(OH)2D3 and VID400 were coencapsulated into nanofibers with loading efficiencies higher than 90% and exhibited a prolonged release from nanofiber membranes longer than 28 days. Incubation with 1,25(OH)2D3/VID400-coencapsulated poly(ϵ-caprolactone) nanofiber membranes greatly induced the hCAP18/LL-37 gene expression in monocytes, neutrophils, and keratinocytes in vitro. Moreover, the administration of 1,25(OH)2D3/VID400-coencapsulated nanofiber membranes dramatically promoted the hCAP18/LL-37 expression in dermal wounds created in both human CAMP transgenic mice and human skin tissues. The 1,25(OH)2D3- and VID400-coencapsulated nanofiber dressings enhanced innate immunity via the more effective induction of antimicrobial peptide than the free drug alone or 1,25(OH)2D3-loaded nanofibers. Together, 1,25(OH)2D3/VID400-embedded nanofiber dressings presented in this study show potential in preventing surgical site infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajuan Su
- Department of Surgery-Transplant and Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
| | - Gitali Ganguli-Indra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States.,Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239, United States
| | - Nilika Bhattacharya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
| | - Isabelle E Logan
- Linus Pauling Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
| | - Arup K Indra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States.,Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239, United States.,Linus Pauling Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States.,Department of Dermatology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239, United States
| | - Adrian F Gombart
- Linus Pauling Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
| | - Shannon L Wong
- Department of Surgery-Plastic Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
| | - Jingwei Xie
- Department of Surgery-Transplant and Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States.,Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
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10
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Logan IE, Shulzhenko N, Sharpton TJ, Bobe G, Liu K, Nuss S, Jones ML, Miranda CL, Vasquez-Perez S, Pennington JM, Leonard SW, Choi J, Wu W, Gurung M, Kim JP, Lowry MB, Morgun A, Maier CS, Stevens JF, Gombart AF. Xanthohumol Requires the Intestinal Microbiota to Improve Glucose Metabolism in Diet-Induced Obese Mice. Mol Nutr Food Res 2021; 65:e2100389. [PMID: 34496124 PMCID: PMC8571065 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202100389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE The polyphenol xanthohumol (XN) improves dysfunctional glucose and lipid metabolism in diet-induced obesity animal models. Because XN changes intestinal microbiota composition, the study hypothesizes that XN requires the microbiota to mediate its benefits. METHODS AND RESULTS To test the hypothesis, the study feeds conventional and germ-free male Swiss Webster mice either a low-fat diet (LFD, 10% fat derived calories), a high-fat diet (HFD, 60% fat derived calories), or a high-fat diet supplemented with XN at 60 mg kg-1 body weight per day (HXN) for 10 weeks, and measure parameters of glucose and lipid metabolism. In conventional mice, the study discovers XN supplementation decreases plasma insulin concentrations and improves Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR). In germ-free mice, XN supplementation fails to improve these outcomes. Fecal sample 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis suggests XN supplementation changes microbial composition and dramatically alters the predicted functional capacity of the intestinal microbiota. Furthermore, the intestinal microbiota metabolizes XN into bioactive compounds, including dihydroxanthohumol (DXN), an anti-obesogenic compound with improved bioavailability. CONCLUSION XN requires the intestinal microbiota to mediate its benefits, which involves complex diet-host-microbiota interactions with changes in both microbial composition and functional capacity. The study results warrant future metagenomic studies which will provide insight into complex microbe-microbe interactions and diet-host-microbiota interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle E Logan
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | | | - Thomas J Sharpton
- Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
- Department of Statistics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Gerd Bobe
- Department of Animal Sciences, Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Kitty Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Stephanie Nuss
- Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Megan L Jones
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Cristobal L Miranda
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | | | - Jamie M Pennington
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Scott W Leonard
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Jaewoo Choi
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Wenbin Wu
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Manoj Gurung
- Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Joyce P Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Malcolm B Lowry
- Department of Microbiology, Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Andrey Morgun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Claudia S Maier
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Jan F Stevens
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Adrian F Gombart
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
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11
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Zhang Y, Bobe G, Miranda CL, Lowry MB, Hsu VL, Lohr CV, Wong CP, Jump DB, Robinson MM, Sharpton TJ, Maier CS, Stevens JF, Gombart AF. Tetrahydroxanthohumol, a xanthohumol derivative, attenuates high-fat diet-induced hepatic steatosis by antagonizing PPARγ. eLife 2021; 10:e66398. [PMID: 34128467 PMCID: PMC8205491 DOI: 10.7554/elife.66398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously reported xanthohumol (XN), and its synthetic derivative tetrahydro-XN (TXN), attenuates high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity and metabolic syndrome in C57Bl/6J mice. The objective of the current study was to determine the effect of XN and TXN on lipid accumulation in the liver. Non-supplemented mice were unable to adapt their caloric intake to 60% HFD, resulting in obesity and hepatic steatosis; however, TXN reduced weight gain and decreased hepatic steatosis. Liver transcriptomics indicated that TXN might antagonize lipogenic PPARγ actions in vivo. XN and TXN inhibited rosiglitazone-induced 3T3-L1 cell differentiation concomitant with decreased expression of lipogenesis-related genes. A peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) competitive binding assay showed that XN and TXN bind to PPARγ with an IC50 similar to pioglitazone and 8-10 times stronger than oleate. Molecular docking simulations demonstrated that XN and TXN bind in the PPARγ ligand-binding domain pocket. Our findings are consistent with XN and TXN acting as antagonists of PPARγ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhang
- School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Nutrition Program, Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State UniversityCorvallisUnited States
| | - Gerd Bobe
- Department of Animal Sciences, Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State UniversityCorvallisUnited States
| | - Cristobal L Miranda
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State UniversityCorvallisUnited States
| | - Malcolm B Lowry
- Department of Microbiology, Oregon State UniversityCorvallisUnited States
| | - Victor L Hsu
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State UniversityCorvallisUnited States
| | - Christiane V Lohr
- Department of Biomedical Science, Carlson College of Veterinary MedicineCorvallisUnited States
| | - Carmen P Wong
- School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Nutrition Program, Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State UniversityCorvallisUnited States
| | - Donald B Jump
- School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Nutrition Program, Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State UniversityCorvallisUnited States
| | - Matthew M Robinson
- School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Kinesiology Program, Oregon State UniversityCorvallisUnited States
| | - Thomas J Sharpton
- Department of Microbiology, Department of Statistics, Oregon State UniversityCorvallisUnited States
| | - Claudia S Maier
- Department of Chemistry, Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State UniversityCorvallisUnited States
| | - Jan F Stevens
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State UniversityCorvallisUnited States
| | - Adrian F Gombart
- Linus Pauling Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State UniversityCorvallisUnited States
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12
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Calder PC, Carr AC, Gombart AF, Eggersdorfer M. Reply to "Overstated Claims of Efficacy and Safety. Comment On: Optimal Nutritional Status for a Well-Functioning Immune System Is an Important Factor to Protect against Viral Infections. Nutrients 2020, 12, 1181". Nutrients 2020; 12:E2696. [PMID: 32899398 PMCID: PMC7551403 DOI: 10.3390/nu12092696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We thank Vorland et al [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip C. Calder
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton and NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Anitra C. Carr
- Nutrition in Medicine Research Group, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand;
| | - Adrian F. Gombart
- Linus Pauling Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA;
| | - Manfred Eggersdorfer
- Department Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands;
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13
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Fantacone ML, Lowry MB, Uesugi SL, Michels AJ, Choi J, Leonard SW, Gombart SK, Gombart JS, Bobe G, Gombart AF. The Effect of a Multivitamin and Mineral Supplement on Immune Function in Healthy Older Adults: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Controlled Trial. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12082447. [PMID: 32823974 PMCID: PMC7468989 DOI: 10.3390/nu12082447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Older adults are at increased risk for vitamin and mineral deficiencies that contribute to age-related immune system decline. Several lines of evidence suggest that taking a multi-vitamin and mineral supplement (MVM) could improve immune function in individuals 55 and older. To test this hypothesis, we provided healthy older adults with either an MVM supplement formulated to improve immune function (Redoxon® VI, Singapore) or an identical, inactive placebo control to take daily for 12 weeks. Prior to and after treatment, we measured (1) their blood mineral and vitamin status (i.e., vitamin C, zinc and vitamin D); (2) immune function (i.e., whole blood bacterial killing activity, neutrophil phagocytic activity, and reactive oxygen species production); (3) immune status (salivary IgA and plasma cytokine/chemokine levels); and (4) self-reported health status. MVM supplementation improved vitamin C and zinc status in blood and self-reported health-status without altering measures of immune function or status or vitamin D levels, suggesting that healthy older adults may benefit from MVM supplementation. Further development of functional assays and larger study populations should improve detection of specific changes in immune function after supplementation in healthy older adults. Clinical Trials Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov #NCT02876315.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary L. Fantacone
- Linus Pauling Institute, Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA;
| | - Malcolm B. Lowry
- Linus Pauling Institute, Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA;
| | - Sandra L. Uesugi
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; (S.L.U.); (A.J.M.); (J.C.); (S.W.L.); (S.K.G.); (J.S.G.)
| | - Alexander J. Michels
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; (S.L.U.); (A.J.M.); (J.C.); (S.W.L.); (S.K.G.); (J.S.G.)
| | - Jaewoo Choi
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; (S.L.U.); (A.J.M.); (J.C.); (S.W.L.); (S.K.G.); (J.S.G.)
| | - Scott W. Leonard
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; (S.L.U.); (A.J.M.); (J.C.); (S.W.L.); (S.K.G.); (J.S.G.)
| | - Sean K. Gombart
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; (S.L.U.); (A.J.M.); (J.C.); (S.W.L.); (S.K.G.); (J.S.G.)
| | - Jeffrey S. Gombart
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; (S.L.U.); (A.J.M.); (J.C.); (S.W.L.); (S.K.G.); (J.S.G.)
| | - Gerd Bobe
- Linus Pauling Institute, Department of Animal & Rangeland Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA;
| | - Adrian F. Gombart
- Linus Pauling Institute, Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA;
- Correspondence:
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14
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Calder PC, Carr AC, Gombart AF, Eggersdorfer M. Reply to "Comment on: Optimal Nutritional Status for a Well-Functioning Immune System Is an Important Factor to Protect against Viral Infections. Nutrients 2020, 12, 1181". Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12082326. [PMID: 32756516 PMCID: PMC7469053 DOI: 10.3390/nu12082326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Philip C. Calder
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton and NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
- Correspondence:
| | - Anitra C. Carr
- Nutrition in Medicine Research Group, Department of Pathology & Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand;
| | - Adrian F. Gombart
- Linus Pauling Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA;
| | - Manfred Eggersdorfer
- Department Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands;
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15
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Paraiso IL, Revel JS, Choi J, Miranda CL, Lak P, Kioussi C, Bobe G, Gombart AF, Raber J, Maier CS, Stevens JF. Targeting the Liver-Brain Axis with Hop-Derived Flavonoids Improves Lipid Metabolism and Cognitive Performance in Mice. Mol Nutr Food Res 2020; 64:e2000341. [PMID: 32627931 PMCID: PMC8693899 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202000341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Sphingolipids including ceramides are implicated in the pathogenesis of obesity and insulin resistance. Correspondingly, inhibition of pro-inflammatory and neurotoxic ceramide accumulation prevents obesity-mediated insulin resistance and cognitive impairment. Increasing evidence suggests the farnesoid X receptor (FXR) is involved in ceramide metabolism, as bile acid-FXR crosstalk controls ceramide levels along the gut-liver axis. The authors previously reported that FXR agonist xanthohumol (XN), the principal prenylated flavonoid in hops (Humulus lupulus), and its hydrogenated derivatives, α,β-dihydroxanthohumol (DXN), and tetrahydroxanthohumol (TXN), ameliorated obesity-mediated insulin resistance, and cognitive impairment in mice fed a high-fat diet. METHODS AND RESULTS To better understand how the flavonoids improve both, lipid and bile acid profiles in the liver are analyzed, sphingolipid relative abundance in the hippocampus is measured, and linked them to metabolic and neurocognitive performance. XN, DXN, and TXN (30 mg kg-1 BW per day) decrease ceramide content in liver and hippocampus; the latter is linked to improvements in spatial learning and memory. In addition, XN, DXN, and TXN decrease hepatic cholesterol content by enhancing de novo synthesis of bile acids. CONCLUSION These observations suggest that XN, DXN, and TXN may alleviate obesity-induced metabolic and neurocognitive impairments by targeting the liver-brain axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines L Paraiso
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Johana S Revel
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Jaewoo Choi
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Cristobal L Miranda
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Parnian Lak
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Chrissa Kioussi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Gerd Bobe
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
- Department of Animal & Rangeland Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Adrian F Gombart
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Jacob Raber
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Neurology, and Radiation Medicine, Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Claudia S Maier
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Jan F Stevens
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
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16
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Paraiso IL, Revel JS, Choi J, Miranda CL, Lak P, Kioussi C, Bobe G, Gombart AF, Raber J, Maier CS, Stevens JF. Front Cover: Targeting the Liver‐Brain Axis with Hop‐Derived Flavonoids Improves Lipid Metabolism and Cognitive Performance in Mice. Mol Nutr Food Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202070034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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17
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Lowry MB, Guo C, Zhang Y, Fantacone ML, Logan IE, Campbell Y, Zhang W, Le M, Indra AK, Ganguli-Indra G, Xie J, Gallo RL, Koeffler HP, Gombart AF. A mouse model for vitamin D-induced human cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide gene expression. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2020; 198:105552. [PMID: 31783153 PMCID: PMC7089838 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2019.105552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In humans and other primates, 1,25(OH)2vitamin D3 regulates the expression of the cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide (CAMP) gene via toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling that activates the vitamin D pathway. Mice and other mammals lack the vitamin D response element (VDRE) in their CAMP promoters. To elucidate the biological importance of this pathway, we generated transgenic mice that carry a genomic DNA fragment encompassing the entire human CAMP gene and crossed them with Camp knockout (KO) mice. We observed expression of the human transgene in various tissues and innate immune cells. However, in mouse CAMP transgenic macrophages, TLR activation in the presence of 25(OH)D3 did not induce expression of either CAMP or CYP27B1 as would normally occur in human macrophages, reinforcing important species differences in the actions of vitamin D. Transgenic mice did show increased resistance to colonization by Salmonella typhimurium in the gut. Furthermore, the human CAMP gene restored wound healing in the skin of Camp KO mice. Topical application of 1,25(OH)2vitamin D3 to the skin of CAMP transgenic mice induced CAMP expression and increased killing of Staphylococcus aureus in a wound infection model. Our model can help elucidate the biological importance of the vitamin D-cathelicidin pathway in both pathogenic and non-pathogenic states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malcolm B Lowry
- Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Chunxiao Guo
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Yang Zhang
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; Nutrition Graduate Program, School of Biological & Population Health Sciences, College of Public Health & Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Mary L Fantacone
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Isabelle E Logan
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Yan Campbell
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Weijian Zhang
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Mai Le
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Arup K Indra
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; Knight Cancer Institute, OHSU, Portland, OR 97239, USA; Department of Dermatology, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Gitali Ganguli-Indra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; Knight Cancer Institute, OHSU, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Jingwei Xie
- Department of Surgery, Transplant & Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Richard L Gallo
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - H Phillip Koeffler
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA; Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
| | - Adrian F Gombart
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
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18
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Zhang Y, Bobe G, Revel JS, Rodrigues RR, Sharpton TJ, Fantacone ML, Raslan K, Miranda CL, Lowry MB, Blakemore PR, Morgun A, Shulzhenko N, Maier CS, Stevens JF, Gombart AF. Front Cover: Improvements in Metabolic Syndrome by Xanthohumol Derivatives Are Linked to Altered Gut Microbiota and Bile Acid Metabolism. Mol Nutr Food Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202070003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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19
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Zhang Y, Bobe G, Revel JS, Rodrigues R, Sharpton TJ, Fantacone ML, Raslan K, Miranda CL, Lowry MB, Blakemore PR, Morgun A, Shulzhenko N, Maier CS, Stevens JF, Gombart AF. Improvements in Metabolic Syndrome by Xanthohumol Derivatives Are Linked to Altered Gut Microbiota and Bile Acid Metabolism. Mol Nutr Food Res 2020; 64:e1900789. [PMID: 31755244 PMCID: PMC7029812 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201900789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Two hydrogenated xanthohumol (XN) derivatives, α,β-dihydro-XN (DXN) and tetrahydro-XN (TXN), improved parameters of metabolic syndrome (MetS), a critical risk factor of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type 2 diabetes, in a diet-induced obese murine model. It is hypothesized that improvements in obesity and MetS are linked to changes in composition of the gut microbiota, bile acid metabolism, intestinal barrier function, and inflammation. METHODS AND RESULTS To test this hypothesis, 16S rRNA genes were sequenced and bile acids were measured in fecal samples from C57BL/6J mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) or HFD containing XN, DXN or TXN. Expression of genes associated with epithelial barrier function, inflammation, and bile acid metabolism were measured in the colon, white adipose tissue (WAT), and liver, respectively. Administration of XN derivatives decreases intestinal microbiota diversity and abundance-specifically Bacteroidetes and Tenericutes-alters bile acid metabolism, and reduces inflammation. In WAT, TXN supplementation decreases pro-inflammatory gene expression by suppressing macrophage infiltration. Transkingdom network analysis connects changes in the microbiota to improvements in MetS in the host. CONCLUSION Changes in the gut microbiota and bile acid metabolism may explain, in part, the improvements in obesity and MetS associated with administration of XN and its derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhang
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, 97331, USA
- School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, 97331, USA
| | - Gerd Bobe
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, 97331, USA
- Department of Animal Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, 97331, USA
| | - Johana S. Revel
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, 97331, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, 97331, USA
| | - Richard Rodrigues
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, 97331, USA
| | - Thomas J. Sharpton
- Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, 97331, USA
- Department of Statistics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, 97331, USA
| | - Mary L. Fantacone
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, 97331, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, 97331, USA
| | - Kareem Raslan
- Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, 97331, USA
| | - Cristobal L. Miranda
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, 97331, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, 97331, USA
| | - Malcolm B. Lowry
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, 97331, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, 97331, USA
| | - Paul R. Blakemore
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, 97331, USA
| | - Andrey Morgun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, 97331, USA
| | - Natalia Shulzhenko
- College of Veterinary Medicine; Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, 97331, USA
| | - Claudia S. Maier
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, 97331, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, 97331, USA
| | - Jan F. Stevens
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, 97331, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, 97331, USA
| | - Adrian F. Gombart
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, 97331, USA
- School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, 97331, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, 97331, USA
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20
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Kulkarni NN, Takahashi T, Sanford JA, Tong Y, Gombart AF, Hinds B, Cheng JY, Gallo RL. Innate Immune Dysfunction in Rosacea Promotes Photosensitivity and Vascular Adhesion Molecule Expression. J Invest Dermatol 2019; 140:645-655.e6. [PMID: 31472105 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2019.08.436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Rosacea is a chronic skin disease characterized by photosensitivity, abnormal dermal vascular behavior, inflammation, and enhanced expression of the antimicrobial peptide LL-37. We observed that dermal endothelial cells in rosacea had an increased expression of VCAM1 and hypothesized that LL-37 could be responsible for this response. The digestion of double-stranded RNA from keratinocytes exposed to UVB blocked the capacity of these cells to induce adhesion molecules on dermal microvascular endothelial cells. However, a synthetic noncoding snoU1RNA was only capable of increasing adhesion molecules on endothelial cells in the presence of LL-37, suggesting that the capacity of UVB exposure to promote both double-stranded RNA and LL-37 was responsible for the endothelial response to keratinocytes. Sequencing of RNA from the endothelial cells uncovered the activation of Gene Ontology (GO) pathways relevant to the human disease, such as type I and II interferon signaling, cell-cell adhesion, leukocyte chemotaxis, and angiogenesis. Functional relevance was demonstrated as double-stranded RNA and LL-37 promoted adhesion and transmigration of monocytes across the endothelial cell monolayers. Gene knockdown of TLR3, RIGI, or IRF1 decreased monocyte adhesion in endothelial cells, confirming the role of the double-stranded RNA recognition pathways. These observations show how the expression of LL-37 can lead to enhanced sensitivity to UVB radiation in rosacea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikhil N Kulkarni
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Toshiya Takahashi
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | - James A Sanford
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Yun Tong
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Adrian F Gombart
- Linus Pauling Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Brian Hinds
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Joyce Y Cheng
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Richard L Gallo
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California, USA.
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21
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Logan IE, Miranda CL, Lowry MB, Maier CS, Stevens JF, Gombart AF. Antiproliferative and Cytotoxic Activity of Xanthohumol and Its Non-Estrogenic Derivatives in Colon and Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cell Lines. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20051203. [PMID: 30857300 PMCID: PMC6429097 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20051203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Xanthohumol (XN), a prenylated flavonoid found in hops, inhibits growth in a variety of cancer cell lines; however, its use raises concerns as gut microbiota and the host’s hepatic cytochrome P450 enzymes metabolize it into the most potent phytoestrogen known, 8-prenylnaringenin (8-PN). The XN derivatives dihydroxanthohumol (DXN) and tetrahydroxanthohumol (TXN) are not metabolized into 8-PN and they show higher tissue concentrations in vivo compared with XN when orally administered to mice at the same dose. Here we show that DXN and TXN possess improved anti-proliferative activity compared with XN in two colon (HCT116, HT29) and two hepatocellular (HepG2, Huh7) carcinoma cell lines, as indicated by their respective IC50 values. Furthermore, XN, DXN, and TXN induce extensive apoptosis in all these carcinoma cell lines. Finally, TXN induces G0/G1 cell cycle arrest in the colon carcinoma cell line HT29. Our findings suggest that DXN and TXN could show promise as therapeutic agents against colorectal and liver cancer in preclinical studies without the drawback of metabolism into a phytoestrogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle E Logan
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
| | - Cristobal L Miranda
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
| | - Malcolm B Lowry
- Department of Microbiology, Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
| | - Claudia S Maier
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
| | - Jan F Stevens
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
| | - Adrian F Gombart
- Linus Pauling Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
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22
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Paraiso IL, Plagmann LS, Yang L, Zielke R, Gombart AF, Maier CS, Sikora AE, Blakemore PR, Stevens JF. Back cover: Reductive Metabolism of Xanthohumol and 8‐Prenylnaringenin by the Intestinal Bacterium
Eubacterium ramulus. Mol Nutr Food Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201970006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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23
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Paraiso IL, Plagmann LS, Yang L, Zielke R, Gombart AF, Maier CS, Sikora AE, Blakemore PR, Stevens JF. Reductive Metabolism of Xanthohumol and 8-Prenylnaringenin by the Intestinal Bacterium Eubacterium ramulus. Mol Nutr Food Res 2018; 63:e1800923. [PMID: 30471194 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201800923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE The intestinal microbiota transforms a wide range of available substrates, including polyphenols. Microbial catabolites of polyphenols can contribute in significant ways to the health-promoting properties of their parent polyphenols. This work aims to identify intestinal metabolites of xanthohumol (XN), a prenylated flavonoid found in hops (Humulus lupulus) and beer, as well as to identify pathways of metabolism of XN in the gut. METHODS AND RESULTS To investigate intestinal metabolism, XN and related prenylated flavonoids, isoxanthohumol (IX), and 8-prenylnaringenin (8PN) were added to growing cultures of intestinal bacteria, Eubacterium ramulus and E. limosum. Liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry was used to identify metabolites of the flavonoids from the cultures. The metabolic capacity of E. limosum appears to be limited to O-demethylation. Evidence from the study indicates that E. ramulus hydrogenates XN to form α,β-dihydroxanthohumol (DXN) and metabolizes the potent phytoestrogen 8PN into the chalcones, O-desmethylxanthohumol (DMX) and O-desmethyl-α,β-dihydroxanthohumol (DDXN). CONCLUSION Microbial metabolism is likely to affect both activity and toxicity of XN and derivatives. This study along with others highlights that attention should be focused on metabolites, in particular, products of intestinal microbial metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines L Paraiso
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA.,Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Layhna S Plagmann
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA.,Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Liping Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Ryszard Zielke
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Adrian F Gombart
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Claudia S Maier
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA.,Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Aleksandra E Sikora
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA.,Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR, 97006, USA
| | - Paul R Blakemore
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA.,Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Jan F Stevens
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA.,Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
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24
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Jiang J, Zhang Y, Indra AK, Ganguli-Indra G, Le MN, Wang H, Hollins RR, Reilly DA, Carlson MA, Gallo RL, Gombart AF, Xie J. 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D 3-eluting nanofibrous dressings induce endogenous antimicrobial peptide expression. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2018; 13:1417-1432. [PMID: 29972648 PMCID: PMC6219435 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2018-0011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to develop a nanofiber-based dressing capable of local sustained delivery of 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) and augmenting human CAMP induction. MATERIALS & METHODS Nanofibrous wound dressings containing 1,25(OH)2D3 were successfully prepared by electrospinning, which were examined in vitro, in vivo and ex vivo. RESULTS 1,25(OH)2D3 was successfully loaded into nanofibers with encapsulation efficiency larger than 90%. 1,25(OH)2D3 showed a sustained release from nanofibers over 4 weeks. Treatment of U937 and HaCaT cells with 1,25(OH)2D3-loaded poly(ϵ-caprolactone) nanofibers significantly induced hCAP18/LL37 expression in monocytes and keratinocytes, skin wounds of humanized transgenic mice and artificial wounds of human skin explants. CONCLUSION 1,25(OH)2D3 containing nanofibrous dressings could enhance innate immunity by inducing antimicrobial peptide production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Jiang
- Department of Surgery, Transplant & Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
- Nutrition Graduate Program, School of Biological & Population Health Sciences, College of Public Health & Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Arup K Indra
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Knight Cancer Institute, OHSU, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Gitali Ganguli-Indra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
- Knight Cancer Institute, OHSU, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Mai N Le
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Hongjun Wang
- Department of Surgery, Transplant & Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Ronald R Hollins
- Department of Surgery – Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Debra A Reilly
- Department of Surgery – Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Mark A Carlson
- Department of Surgery – General Surgery & Genetics, Cell Biology & Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
- Department of Surgery, VA Nebraska – Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105, USA
| | - Richard L Gallo
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Adrian F Gombart
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
- Nutrition Graduate Program, School of Biological & Population Health Sciences, College of Public Health & Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Jingwei Xie
- Department of Surgery, Transplant & Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
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25
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Jiang J, Chen S, Wang H, Carlson MA, Gombart AF, Xie J. CO 2-expanded nanofiber scaffolds maintain activity of encapsulated bioactive materials and promote cellular infiltration and positive host response. Acta Biomater 2018; 68:237-248. [PMID: 29269334 PMCID: PMC5803415 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2017.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Revised: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Traditional electrospun nanofiber membranes were incapable of promoting cellular infiltration due to its intrinsic property (e.g., dense structure and small pore size) limiting their use in tissue regeneration. Herein, we report a simple and novel approach for expanding traditional nanofiber membranes from two-dimensional to three-dimensional (3D) with controlled thickness and porosity via depressurization of subcritical CO2 fluid. The expanded 3D nanofiber scaffolds formed layered structures and simultaneously maintained the aligned nanotopographic cues. The 3D scaffolds also retained the fluorescent intensity of encapsulated coumarin 6 and the antibacterial activity of encapsulated antimicrobial peptide LL-37. In addition, the expanded 3D nanofiber scaffolds with arrayed holes can significantly promote cellular infiltration and neotissue formation after subcutaneous implantation compared to traditional nanofiber membranes. Such scaffolds also significantly increased the blood vessel formation and the ratio of M2/M1 macrophages after subcutaneous implantation for 2 and 4 weeks compared to traditional nanofiber membranes. Together, the presented method holds great potential in the fabrication of functional 3D nanofiber scaffolds for various applications including engineering 3D in vitro tissue models, antimicrobial wound dressing, and repairing/regenerating tissues in vivo. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Electrospun nanofibers have been widely used in regenerative medicine due to its biomimicry property. However, most of studies are limited to the use of 2D electrospun nanofiber membranes. To the best of our knowledge, this article is the first instance of the transformation of traditional electrospun nanofiber membranes from 2D to 3D via depressurization of subcritical CO2 fluid. This method eliminates many issues associated with previous approaches such as necessitating the use of aqueous solutions and chemical reactions, multiple-step process, loss of the activity of encapsulated biological molecules, and unable to expand electrospun nanofiber mats made of hydrophilic polymers. Results indicate that these CO2 expanded nanofiber scaffolds can maintain the activity of encapsulated biological molecules. Further, the CO2 expanded nanofiber scaffolds with arrayed holes can greatly promote cellular infiltration, neovascularization, and positive host response after subcutaneous implantation in rats. The current work is the first study elucidating such a simple and novel strategy for fabrication of 3D nanofiber scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Jiang
- Department of Surgery-Transplant and Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, United States
| | - Shixuan Chen
- Department of Surgery-Transplant and Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, United States
| | - Hongjun Wang
- Department of Surgery-Transplant and Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, United States
| | - Mark A Carlson
- Departments of Surgery and Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, United States; Department of Surgery, VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105, United States
| | - Adrian F Gombart
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, United States; Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, United States
| | - Jingwei Xie
- Department of Surgery-Transplant and Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, United States.
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26
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Ellinwood DC, El-Mansy MF, Plagmann LS, Stevens JF, Maier CS, Gombart AF, Blakemore PR. Total synthesis of [ 13 C] 2 -, [ 13 C] 3 -, and [ 13 C] 5 -isotopomers of xanthohumol, the principal prenylflavonoid from hops. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2017; 60:639-648. [PMID: 28984993 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Revised: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Xanthohumol [(E)-6'-methoxy-3'-(3-methylbuten-2-yl)-2',4',4″-trihydroxychalcone], he principal prenylated flavonoid from hops, has a complex bioactivity profile, and 13 C-labeled isotopomers of this compound are of potential use as molecular probes and as analytical standards to study metabolism and mode of action. 1,3-[13 C]2 -Xanthohumol was prepared by an adaptation of the total synthesis of Khupse and Erhardt in 7 steps and 5.7% overall yield from phloroglucinol by a route incorporating a cascade Claisen-Cope rearrangement to install the 3'-prenyl moiety from a 5'-prenyl aryl ether and an aldol condensation between 1-[13 C]-2',4'-bis(benzyloxymethyloxy)-6'-methoxy-3'-(3-methylbuten-2-yl)acetophenone and 1'-[13 C]-4-(methoxymethyloxy)benzaldehyde. The 13 C-atom in the methyl ketone was derived from 1-[13 C]-acetyl chloride while that in the aryl aldehyde was derived from [13 C]-iodomethane. Tri- and penta-13 C-labeled xanthohumols were similarly prepared by applying minor modifications to the route.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohamed F El-Mansy
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA.,National Research Centre, Department of Organometallic and Organometalloid Chemistry, Cairo, Dokki, Egypt
| | - Layhna S Plagmann
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Jan F Stevens
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Claudia S Maier
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Adrian F Gombart
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Paul R Blakemore
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
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27
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Chen S, Ge L, Gombart AF, Shuler FD, Carlson MA, Reilly DA, Xie J. Nanofiber-based sutures induce endogenous antimicrobial peptide. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2017; 12:2597-2609. [PMID: 28960168 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2017-0161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to develop nanofiber-based sutures capable of inducing endogenous antimicrobial peptide production. METHODS We used co-axial electrospinning deposition and rolling to fabricate sutures containing pam3CSK4 peptide and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25D3). RESULTS The diameters and mechanical properties of the sutures were adjustable to meet the criteria of United States Pharmacopeia designation. 25D3 exhibited a sustained release from nanofiber sutures over 4 weeks. Pam3CSK4 peptide also showed an initial burst followed by a sustained release over 4 weeks. The co-delivery of 25D3 and pam3CSK4 peptide enhanced cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide production from U937 cells and keratinocytes compared with 25D3 delivery alone. In addition, the 25D3/pam3CSK4 peptide co-loaded nanofiber sutures did not significantly influence proliferation of keratinocytes, fibroblasts, or the monocytic cell lines U937 and HL-60. CONCLUSION The use of 25D3/pam3CSK4 peptide co-loaded nanofiber sutures could potentially induce endogenous antimicrobial peptide production and reduce surgical site infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shixuan Chen
- Department of Surgery-Transplant & Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Liangpeng Ge
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences & Key Laboratory of Pig Industry Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Chongqing, China
| | - Adrian F Gombart
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics & Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Franklin D Shuler
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA
| | - Mark A Carlson
- Department of Surgery-General Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Debra A Reilly
- Department of Surgery-Plastic Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Jingwei Xie
- Department of Surgery-Transplant & Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
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28
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Chen S, Liu B, Carlson MA, Gombart AF, Reilly DA, Xie J. Recent advances in electrospun nanofibers for wound healing. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2017; 12:1335-1352. [PMID: 28520509 PMCID: PMC6661929 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2017-0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Electrospun nanofibers represent a novel class of materials that show great potential in many biomedical applications including biosensing, regenerative medicine, tissue engineering, drug delivery and wound healing. In this work, we review recent advances in electrospun nanofibers for wound healing. This article begins with a brief introduction on the wound, and then discusses the unique features of electrospun nanofibers critical for wound healing. It further highlights recent studies that have used electrospun nanofibers for wound healing applications and devices, including sutures, multifunctional dressings, dermal substitutes, engineered epidermis and full-thickness skin regeneration. Finally, we finish with conclusions and future perspective in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shixuan Chen
- Department of Surgery–Transplant & Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Bing Liu
- Department of Surgery–Transplant & Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, China
| | - Mark A Carlson
- Departments of Surgery & Genetics, Cell Biology & Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
- Department of Surgery, VA Nebraska–Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105, USA
| | - Adrian F Gombart
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics & Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Debra A Reilly
- Departments of Surgery–Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Jingwei Xie
- Department of Surgery–Transplant & Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
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29
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Abstract
The recent discovery that vitamin D regulates expression of the cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide gene has generated renewed interest in using vitamin D to fight infectious diseases. This review describes the historical use of vitamin D or its sources to treat infections, the mechanism of action through which vitamin D mediates its "antibiotic" effects, findings from epidemiological studies associating vitamin D deficiency with increased susceptibility to infection and clinical trials with vitamin D supplementation to treat or prevent infections. Further studies examining an association between vitamin D levels and cathelicidin expression are discussed. The role of cathelcidin throughout the course of infection from the initial encounter of the pathogen to the resolution of tissue damage and inflammation indicates that individuals need to maintain adequate levels of vitamin D for an optimal immune response. In addition, for treating infections, carefully designed randomized, clinical trials that are appropriately powered to detect modest effects, target populations that are severely deficient in vitamin D,and optimized dose, dosing frequency and safety are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adrian F Gombart
- Linus Pauling Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, 307 Linus Pauling Science Center, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
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30
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Kerr DCR, Zava DT, Piper WT, Saturn SR, Frei B, Gombart AF. Associations between vitamin D levels and depressive symptoms in healthy young adult women. Psychiatry Res 2015; 227:46-51. [PMID: 25791903 PMCID: PMC4420707 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2015.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Revised: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
There have been few studies of whether vitamin D insufficiency is linked with depression in healthy young women despite women׳s high rates of both problems. Female undergraduates (n=185) living in the Pacific Northwest during fall, winter, and spring academic terms completed the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) scale weekly for 4 weeks (W1-W5). We measured serum levels of vitamin D3 and C (ascorbate; as a control variable) in blood samples collected at W1 and W5. Vitamin D insufficiency (<30ng/mL) was common at W1 (42%) and W5 (46%), and rates of clinically significant depressive symptoms (CES-D≥16) were 34-42% at W1-W5. Lower W1 vitamin D3 predicted clinically significant depressive symptoms across W1-W5 (β=-0.20, p<0.05), controlling for season, BMI, race/ethnicity, diet, exercise, and time outside. There was some evidence that lower levels of depressive symptoms in Fall participants (vs. Winter and Spring) were explained by their higher levels of vitamin D3. W1 depressive symptoms did not predict change in vitamin D3 levels from W1 to W5. Findings are consistent with a temporal association between low levels of vitamin D and clinically meaningful depressive symptoms. The preventive value of supplementation should be tested further.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C. R. Kerr
- School of Psychological Science, Oregon State University,Corresponding author; ; 213 Reed Lodge, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97330, USA; Phone (541) 737-1364
| | | | | | | | - Balz Frei
- Linus Pauling Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University
| | - Adrian F. Gombart
- Linus Pauling Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University
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31
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Dhawan P, Wei R, Sun C, Gombart AF, Koeffler HP, Diamond G, Christakos S. C/EBPα and the Vitamin D Receptor Cooperate in the Regulation of Cathelicidin in Lung Epithelial Cells. J Cell Physiol 2014; 230:464-72. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 07/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Puneet Dhawan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School; Newark New Jersey
| | - Ran Wei
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School; Newark New Jersey
| | - Cheng Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School; Newark New Jersey
| | - Adrian F. Gombart
- Linus Pauling Institute; Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics; Oregon State University Corvallis; Oregon
| | - H. Phillip Koeffler
- Division of Hematology/Oncology; Cedars-Sinai Medical Center; UCLA School of Medicine; Los Angeles California
| | - Gill Diamond
- Department of Oral Biology; University of Florida; College of Dentistry; Gainsville Florida
| | - Sylvia Christakos
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School; Newark New Jersey
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Lowry MB, Guo C, Borregaard N, Gombart AF. Regulation of the human cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide gene by 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in primary immune cells. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2014; 143:183-91. [PMID: 24565560 PMCID: PMC4127358 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2014.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2013] [Revised: 02/12/2014] [Accepted: 02/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Production of the human cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide gene (hCAP18/LL-37), is regulated by 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25D3) and is critical in the killing of pathogens by innate immune cells. In addition, secreted LL-37 binds extracellular receptors and modulates the recruitment and activity of both innate and adaptive immune cells. Evidence suggests that during infections activated immune cells locally produce increased levels of 1,25D3 thus increasing production of hCAP18/LL-37. The relative expression levels of hCAP18/LL-37 among different immune cell types are not well characterized. The aim of this study was to determine the relative levels of hCAP18/LL-37 in human peripheral blood immune cells and determine to what extent 1,25D3 increased its expression in peripheral blood-derived cells. We show for the first time, a hierarchy of expression of hCAP18 in freshly isolated cells with low levels in lymphocytes, intermediate levels in monocytes and the highest levels found in neutrophils. In peripheral blood-derived cells, the highest levels of hCAP18 following treatment with 1,25D3 were in macrophages, while comparatively lower levels were found in GM-CSF-derived dendritic cells and osteoclasts. We also tested whether treatment with parathyroid hormone in combination with 1,25D3 would enhance hCAP18 induction as has been reported in skin cells, but we did not find enhancement in any immune cells tested. Our results indicate that hCAP18 is expressed at different levels according to cell type and lineage. Furthermore, potent induction of hCAP18 by 1,25D3 in macrophages and dendritic cells may modulate functions of both innate and adaptive immune cells at sites of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malcolm B Lowry
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Chunxiao Guo
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Niels Borregaard
- Department of Hematology, Rigshospitalet-4042, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen DK-1200, Denmark
| | - Adrian F Gombart
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
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33
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Okamoto R, Gery S, Gombart AF, Wang X, Castellani LW, Akagi T, Chen S, Arditi M, Ho Q, Lusis AJ, Li Q, Koeffler HP. Deficiency of CCAAT/enhancer binding protein-epsilon reduces atherosclerotic lesions in LDLR-/- mice. PLoS One 2014; 9:e85341. [PMID: 24489659 PMCID: PMC3904867 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0085341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2013] [Accepted: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The CCAAT/enhancer binding proteins (C/EBPs) are transcription factors involved in hematopoietic cell development and induction of several inflammatory mediators. C/EBPε is expressed only in myeloid cells including monocytes/macrophages. Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory disorder of the vascular wall and circulating immune cells such as monocytes/macrophages. Mice deficient in the low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor (Ldlr−/−) fed on a high cholesterol diet (HCD) show elevated blood cholesterol levels and are widely used as models to study human atherosclerosis. In this study, we generated Ldlr and Cebpe double-knockout (llee) mice and compared their atherogenic phenotypes to Ldlr single deficient (llEE) mice after HCD. Macrophages from llee mice have reduced lipid uptake by foam cells and impaired phagokinetic motility in vitro compared to macrophages from llEE mice. Also, compared to llEE mice, llee mice have alterations of lipid metabolism, and reduced atheroma and obesity, particularly the males. Peritoneal macrophages of llee male mice have reduced mRNA expression of FABP4, a fatty acid binding protein implicated in atherosclerosis. Overall, our study suggests that the myeloid specific factor C/EBPε is involved in systemic lipid metabolism and that silencing of C/EBPε could decrease the development of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoko Okamoto
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Sigal Gery
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Adrian F. Gombart
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Department of Biochemisty and Biophysics, Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Xuping Wang
- Department of Human Genetics, Department of Medicine, and Department of Microbiology, Molecular Genetics, and Immunology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Lawrence W. Castellani
- Department of Medicine/Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Tadayuki Akagi
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Shuang Chen
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Moshe Arditi
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Quoc Ho
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Aldons J. Lusis
- Department of Human Genetics, Department of Medicine, and Department of Microbiology, Molecular Genetics, and Immunology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Quanlin Li
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Research Center, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - H. Phillip Koeffler
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore and National Cancer Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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Guo C, Sinnott B, Niu B, Lowry MB, Fantacone ML, Gombart AF. Synergistic induction of human cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide gene expression by vitamin D and stilbenoids. Mol Nutr Food Res 2013; 58:528-536. [PMID: 24039193 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201300266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2013] [Revised: 07/25/2013] [Accepted: 07/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE The cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide (CAMP) gene is induced by 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1α,25(OH)2 D3), lithocholic acid, curcumin, nicotinamide, and butyrate. Discovering additional small molecules that regulate its expression will identify new molecular mechanisms involved in CAMP regulation and increase understanding of how diet and nutrition can improve immune function. METHODS AND RESULTS We discovered that two stilbenoids, resveratrol and pterostilbene, induced CAMP promoter-luciferase expression. Synergistic activation was observed when either stilbenoid was combined with 1α,25(OH)2 D3. Both stilbenoids increased CAMP mRNA and protein levels in the monocyte cell line U937 and synergy was observed in both U937 and the keratinocyte cell line, HaCaT. Inhibition of resveratrol targets sirtuin-1, cyclic AMP production and the c-Jun N-terminal, phosphoinositide 3 and AMP-activated kinases did not block induction of CAMP by resveratrol or synergy with 1α,25(OH)2 D3. Nevertheless, inhibition of the extracellular signal regulated 1/2 and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases, increased CAMP gene expression in combination with 1α,25(OH)2 D3 suggesting that inhibition of these kinases by resveratrol may explain, in part, its synergy with vitamin D. CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrate for the first time that stilbenoid compounds may have the potential to boost the innate immune response by increasing CAMP gene expression, particularly in combination with 1α,25(OH)2 D3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxiao Guo
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331.,Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331
| | - Brian Sinnott
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331.,Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331
| | - Brenda Niu
- School of Medicine, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, Oregon 97239
| | - Malcolm B Lowry
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331.,Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331
| | - Mary L Fantacone
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331.,Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331
| | - Adrian F Gombart
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331.,Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331
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35
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Wickramasekara SI, Zandkarimi F, Morré J, Kirkwood J, Legette L, Jiang Y, Gombart AF, Stevens JF, Maier CS. Electrospray Quadrupole Travelling Wave Ion Mobility Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry for the Detection of Plasma Metabolome Changes Caused by Xanthohumol in Obese Zucker (fa/fa) Rats. Metabolites 2013; 3:701-17. [PMID: 24958146 PMCID: PMC3901285 DOI: 10.3390/metabo3030701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2013] [Revised: 08/01/2013] [Accepted: 08/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This study reports on the use of traveling wave ion mobility quadrupole time-of-flight (ToF) mass spectrometry for plasma metabolomics. Plasma metabolite profiles of obese Zucker fa/fa rats were obtained after the administration of different oral doses of Xanthohumol; a hop-derived dietary supplement. Liquid chromatography coupled data independent tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MSE) and LC-ion mobility spectrometry (IMS)-MSE acquisitions were conducted in both positive and negative modes using a Synapt G2 High Definition Mass Spectrometry (HDMS) instrument. This method provides identification of metabolite classes in rat plasma using parallel alternating low energy and high energy collision spectral acquisition modes. Data sets were analyzed using pattern recognition methods. Statistically significant (p < 0.05 and fold change (FC) threshold > 1.5) features were selected to identify the up-/down-regulated metabolite classes. Ion mobility data visualized using drift scope software provided a graphical read-out of differences in metabolite classes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jeff Morré
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
| | - Jay Kirkwood
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
| | - LeeCole Legette
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
| | - Yuan Jiang
- Department of Statistics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
| | - Adrian F Gombart
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
| | - Jan F Stevens
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
| | - Claudia S Maier
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
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36
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Kyme P, Thoennissen NH, Tseng CW, Thoennissen GB, Wolf AJ, Shimada K, Krug UO, Lee K, Müller-Tidow C, Berdel WE, Hardy WD, Gombart AF, Koeffler HP, Liu GY. C/EBPε mediates nicotinamide-enhanced clearance of Staphylococcus aureus in mice. J Clin Invest 2012. [DOI: 10.1172/jci66861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Dixon BM, Barker T, McKinnon T, Cuomo J, Frei B, Borregaard N, Gombart AF. Positive correlation between circulating cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide (hCAP18/LL-37) and 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels in healthy adults. BMC Res Notes 2012; 5:575. [PMID: 23095332 PMCID: PMC3532295 DOI: 10.1186/1756-0500-5-575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2012] [Accepted: 10/19/2012] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Transcription of the cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide (CAMP) gene is induced by binding of the bioactive form of vitamin D, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, to the vitamin D receptor. Significant levels of the protein hCAP18/LL-37 are found in the blood and may protect against infection and/or sepsis. We hypothesized that serum vitamin D levels may modulate the circulating levels of hCAP18. Only three studies have shown a positive correlation between circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D and hCAP18 levels. Here we provide additional evidence for such a correlation in healthy, middle-aged adults. Findings Serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and plasma levels of hCAP18 were determined in 19 healthy middle-aged (mean of 50.1 years) adult men and women. Plasma hCAP18 concentrations correlated with serum 25(OH)D concentrations in subjects with 25(OH)D levels ≤ 32 ng/ml (r = 0.81, p < 0.005) but not in subjects with concentrations > 32 ng/ml (r = 0.19, p = 0.63). Conclusions We conclude that plasma hCAP18 levels correlate with serum 25(OH)D levels in subjects with concentrations of 25(OH)D ≤ 32 ng/ml as opposed to those with concentrations > 32 ng/ml and that vitamin D status may regulate systemic levels of hCAP18/LL-37.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian M Dixon
- USANA Health Sciences, Inc, 3838 West Parkway Boulevard, Salt Lake City UT 84120, USA
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38
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Kyme P, Thoennissen NH, Tseng CW, Thoennissen GB, Wolf AJ, Shimada K, Krug UO, Lee K, Müller-Tidow C, Berdel WE, Hardy WD, Gombart AF, Koeffler HP, Liu GY. C/EBPε mediates nicotinamide-enhanced clearance of Staphylococcus aureus in mice. J Clin Invest 2012; 122:3316-29. [PMID: 22922257 DOI: 10.1172/jci62070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2011] [Accepted: 07/05/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The myeloid-specific transcription factor, CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein ε (C/EBPε) is a critical mediator of myelopoiesis. Mutation of this gene is responsible for neutrophil-specific granule deficiency in humans, a condition that confers susceptibility to Staphylococcus aureus infection. We found that C/EBPε-deficient mice are severely affected by infection with S. aureus, and C/EBPε deficiency in neutrophils contributes to the infectious phenotype. Conversely, exposure to the epigenetic modulator nicotinamide (vitamin B3) increased expression of C/EBPε in WT myeloid cells. Further, nicotinamide increased the activity of C/EBPε and select downstream antimicrobial targets, particularly in neutrophils. In a systemic murine infection model as well as in murine and human peripheral blood, nicotinamide enhanced killing of S. aureus by up to 1,000 fold but had no effect when administered to either C/EBPε-deficient mice or mice depleted of neutrophils. Nicotinamide was efficacious in both prophylactic and therapeutic settings. Our findings suggest that C/EBPε is an important target to boost killing of bacteria by the innate immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Kyme
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA.
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Guo C, Rosoha E, Lowry MB, Borregaard N, Gombart AF. Curcumin induces human cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide gene expression through a vitamin D receptor-independent pathway. J Nutr Biochem 2012; 24:754-9. [PMID: 22841393 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2012.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2011] [Revised: 03/09/2012] [Accepted: 04/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The vitamin D receptor (VDR) mediates the pleiotropic biologic effects of 1α,25 dihydroxy-vitamin D3. Recent in vitro studies suggested that curcumin and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) also bind to VDR with low affinity. As potential ligands for the VDR, we hypothesized that curcumin and PUFAs would induce expression of known VDR target genes in cells. In this study, we tested whether these compounds regulated two important VDR target genes - human cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide (CAMP) and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 24-hydroxylase (CYP24A1) - in human monocytic cell line U937, colon cancer cell line HT-29 and keratinocyte cell line HaCaT. We demonstrated that PUFAs failed to induce CAMP or CYP24A1 mRNA expression in all three cell lines, but curcumin up-regulated CAMP mRNA and protein levels in U937 cells. Curcumin treatment induced CAMP promoter activity from a luciferase reporter construct lacking the VDR binding site and did not increase binding of the VDR to the CAMP promoter as determined by chromatin immunoprecipitation assays. These findings indicate that induction of CAMP by curcumin occurs through a vitamin D receptor-independent manner. We conclude that PUFAs and curcumin do not function as ligands for the VDR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxiao Guo
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
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Sun G, Li H, Wu X, Covarrubias M, Scherer L, Meinking K, Luk B, Chomchan P, Alluin J, Gombart AF, Rossi JJ. Interplay between HIV-1 infection and host microRNAs. Nucleic Acids Res 2011; 40:2181-96. [PMID: 22080513 PMCID: PMC3300021 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkr961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Using microRNA array analyses of in vitro HIV-1-infected CD4+ cells, we find that several host microRNAs are significantly up- or downregulated around the time HIV-1 infection peaks in vitro. While microRNA-223 levels were significantly enriched in HIV-1-infected CD4+CD8− PBMCs, microRNA-29a/b, microRNA-155 and microRNA-21 levels were significantly reduced. Based on the potential for microRNA binding sites in a conserved sequence of the Nef-3′-LTR, several host microRNAs potentially could affect HIV-1 gene expression. Among those microRNAs, the microRNA-29 family has seed complementarity in the HIV-1 3′-UTR, but the potential suppressive effect of microRNA-29 on HIV-1 is severely blocked by the secondary structure of the target region. Our data support a possible regulatory circuit at the peak of HIV-1 replication which involves downregulation of microRNA-29, expression of Nef, the apoptosis of host CD4 cells and upregulation of microRNA-223.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guihua Sun
- Graduate School of Biological Science, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, 1500 E. Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
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Akagi T, Thoennissen NH, George A, Crooks G, Song JH, Okamoto R, Nowak D, Gombart AF, Koeffler HP. In vivo deficiency of both C/EBPβ and C/EBPε results in highly defective myeloid differentiation and lack of cytokine response. PLoS One 2010; 5:e15419. [PMID: 21072215 PMCID: PMC2972224 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0015419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2010] [Accepted: 09/17/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The CCAAT/enhancer binding proteins (C/EBPs) are transcription factors involved in hematopoietic cell development and induction of several inflammatory mediators. Here, we generated C/EBPβ and C/EBPε double-knockout (bbee) mice and compared their phenotypes to those of single deficient (bbEE and BBee) and wild-type (BBEE) mice. The bbee mice were highly susceptible to fatal infections and died within 2-3 months. Morphologically, their neutrophils were blocked at the myelocytes/metamyelocytes stage, and clonogenic assays of bone marrow cells indicated a significant decrease in the number of myeloid colonies of the bbee mice. In addition, the proportion of hematopoietic progenitor cells [Lin(-)Sca1(+)c-Kit(+)] in the bone marrow of the bbee mice was significantly increased, reflecting the defective differentiation of the myeloid compartment. Furthermore, microarray expression analysis of LPS- and IFNγ-activated bone marrow-derived macrophages from bbee compared to single knockout mice revealed decreased expression of essential immune response-related genes and networks, including some direct C/EBP-targets such as Marco and Clec4e. Overall, the phenotype of the bbee mice is distinct from either the bbEE or BBee mice, demonstrating that both transcription factors are crucial for the maturation of neutrophils and macrophages, as well as the innate immune system, and can at least in part compensate for each other in the single knockout mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadayuki Akagi
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, University of California Los Angeles School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, United States of America.
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Thoennissen NH, Iwanski GB, Ji J, Ikezoe T, Lee K, Adachi Y, Takeuchi T, Furihata M, Park DJ, Gombart AF, Koeffler HP. Abstract 245: An oncogenic role for CCAAT/enhancer binding protein beta in non-small cell lung cancer. Cancer Res 2010. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am10-245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The transcription factor CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP) beta is known to be a mediator of cellular transformation and tumorigenesis in human colon, breast and ovary cancer. In this study, we focused on C/EBPbeta and its potential role in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Immunohistochemical staining of 60 human NSCLC samples (adeno- (31), squamous cell - (25), small cell - (1), large cell - (2), and adeno-squamous cell (1) carcinoma) showed that more than 50% of the tumor samples were significantly positive for nuclear staining of C/EBPbeta compared to healthy airway epithelial cells. Retrovirus-delivered siRNA knock-down of C/EBPbeta expression in human NSCLC cell lines A549, H520, and H460 markedly reduced clonogenic growth, which was accompanied by a significant reduction in cyclooxygenase(COX)-2 expression, increase in G0/G1 cells, and PARP cleavage activity. In contrast, using NSCLC cell line Calu-3 with a moderate intrinsic level of C/EBPbeta, forced expression of this transcription factor even increased clonogenic growth and cell proliferation. Whereas recent studies suggested that family member C/EBPalpha has growth-inhibitory properties in airway epithelial cells, our present data indicate an oncogenic role of C/EBPbeta in NSCLC and may represent a new target for cancer co-therapy to increase response to existing chemotherapeutic regimens.
Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 245.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jianfei Ji
- 1Cedars-Sinai Medical Ctr., Los Angeles, CA
| | - Takayuki Ikezoe
- 2Department of Hematology and Respiratory Medicine, Kochi University, Kochi, Japan
| | - Kunik Lee
- 1Cedars-Sinai Medical Ctr., Los Angeles, CA
| | | | | | - Mutsuo Furihata
- 3Department of Tumor Pathology, Kochi University, Kochi, Japan
| | | | - Adrian F. Gombart
- 4Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, CA
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Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency has been correlated with increased rates of infection. Since the early 19th century, both environmental (i.e., sunlight) and dietary sources (cod liver) of vitamin D have been identified as treatments for TB. The recent discovery that vitamin D induces antimicrobial peptide gene expression explains, in part, the 'antibiotic' effect of vitamin D and has greatly renewed interest in the ability of vitamin D to improve immune function. Subsequent work indicates that this regulation is biologically important for the response of the innate immune system to wounds and infection and that deficiency may lead to suboptimal responses toward bacterial and viral infections. The regulation of the cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide gene is a human/primate-specific adaptation and is not conserved in other mammals. The capacity of the vitamin D receptor to act as a high-affinity receptor for vitamin D and a low-affinity receptor for secondary bile acids and potentially other novel nutritional compounds suggests that the evolutionary selection to place the cathelicidin gene under control of the vitamin D receptor allows for its regulation under both endocrine and xenobiotic response systems. Future studies in both humans and humanized mouse models will elucidate the importance of this regulation and lead to the development of potential therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian F Gombart
- Linus Pauling Institute, Department of Biochemisty & Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, 97331-7305, USA.
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Gombart AF, Bhan I, Borregaard N, Tamez H, Camargo CA, Koeffler HP, Thadhani R. Low plasma level of cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide (hCAP18) predicts increased infectious disease mortality in patients undergoing hemodialysis. Clin Infect Dis 2009; 48:418-24. [PMID: 19133797 DOI: 10.1086/596314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human cathelicidin antimicrobial protein (hCAP18) is an antimicrobial and immunomodulatory peptide that has pleiotropic effects and is transcriptionally regulated by vitamin D. Because the administration of vitamin D analogues has been linked to decreased mortality among patients with end-stage renal disease, we hypothesized that low hCAP18 levels would identify those who are at increased risk of death attributable to infection while undergoing hemodialysis. METHODS We performed a case-control study nested in a prospective cohort of patients (n = 10,044) initiating incident hemodialysis. Case patients (n = 81) were those who died of an infectious disease within 1 year; control patients (n = 198) were those who survived at least 1 year while undergoing dialysis. RESULTS Mean (+/-SD) baseline levels of hCAP18 in case patients and control patients were 539 +/- 278 ng/mL and 650 +/- 343 ng/mL, respectively (P = .006). hCAP18 levels had a modest correlation with 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D levels r = 0.23; P = .053) but not with 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels r = -0.06; P = .44). Patients with hCAP18 levels in the lowest tertile had a 2-fold increased risk (odds ratio, 2.1; 95% confidence interval, 1.2-3.5) of death attributable to infection; after multivariable adjustment, this relationship remained statistically significant (odds ratio, 3.7; 95% confidence interval, 1.2-11.2). CONCLUSIONS In individuals initiating chronic hemodialysis, low baseline levels of hCAP18, a vitamin D-regulated antimicrobial protein, are independently associated with an increased risk of death attributable to infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian F Gombart
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at Univeristy of California, Los Angeles, USA
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Uh A, Simmons CF, Bresee C, Khoury N, Gombart AF, Nicholson RC, Kocak H, Equils O. MyD88 and TRIF mediate the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) induced corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH) expression in JEG3 choriocarcinoma cell line. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2009; 7:74. [PMID: 19615077 PMCID: PMC2720972 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7827-7-74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2009] [Accepted: 07/17/2009] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Classically protein kinase A (PKA) and transcription factor activator protein 1 (AP-1) mediate the cyclic AMP (cAMP) induced-corticotrophin releasing hormone (CRH) expression in the placenta. However enteric Gram (-) bacterial cell wall component lipopolysaccharide (LPS) may also induce-CRH expression via Toll like receptor (TLR)4 and its adaptor molecule Myd88. Here we investigated the role of MyD88, TRIF and IRAK2 on cAMP-induced CRH promoter activation in JEG3 cells in the absence of LPS/TLR4 stimulation. METHODS JEG3 cells were transfected with CRH-luciferase and Beta-galactosidase expression vectors and either empty or dominant-negative (DN)-MyD88, DN-TRIF or DN-IRAK2 vectors using Fugene6 (Roche). cAMP-induced CRH promoter activation was examined by using a luminometer and luciferase assay. Calorimetric Beta-galactosidase assays were performed to correct for transfection efficiency. Luciferase expression vectors of cAMP-downstream molecules, CRE and AP-1, were used to further examine the signaling cascades. RESULTS cAMP stimulation induced AP-1 and CRE promoter expression and led to dose-dependent CRH promoter activation in JEG3 cells. Inhibition of MyD88 signaling blocked cAMP-induced CRE and CRH promoter activation. Inhibition of TRIF signaling blocked cAMP-induced CRH but not CRE expression, while inhibition of IRAK2 did not have an effect on cAMP-induced CRH expression. CONCLUSION MyD88 and TRIF exert direct regulatory effect on cAMP-induced CRH promoter activation in JEG3 cells in the absence of infection. MyD88 most likely interacts with molecules upstream of IRAK2 to regulate cAMP-induced CRH expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andy Uh
- Ahmanson Department of Pediatrics, Room 4221, Steven Spielberg Pediatric Research Center, Burns and Allen Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Charles F Simmons
- Ahmanson Department of Pediatrics, Room 4221, Steven Spielberg Pediatric Research Center, Burns and Allen Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Catherine Bresee
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute Biostatistics Core, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Nasif Khoury
- Ahmanson Department of Pediatrics, Room 4221, Steven Spielberg Pediatric Research Center, Burns and Allen Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Adrian F Gombart
- Linus Pauling Institute; Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics; ALS 2011, Oregon State University; Corvallis, OR 97331-7305, USA
| | - Richard C Nicholson
- Mothers and Babies Research Center, Hunter Medical Research Institute, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Hande Kocak
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ozlem Equils
- Ahmanson Department of Pediatrics, Room 4221, Steven Spielberg Pediatric Research Center, Burns and Allen Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
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Gombart AF, Saito T, Koeffler HP. Exaptation of an ancient Alu short interspersed element provides a highly conserved vitamin D-mediated innate immune response in humans and primates. BMC Genomics 2009; 10:321. [PMID: 19607716 PMCID: PMC2716374 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-10-321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2009] [Accepted: 07/16/2009] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND About 45% of the human genome is comprised of mobile transposable elements or "junk DNA". The exaptation or co-option of these elements to provide important cellular functions is hypothesized to have played a powerful force in evolution; however, proven examples are rare. An ancient primate-specific Alu short interspersed element (SINE) put the human CAMP gene under the regulation of the vitamin D pathway by providing a perfect vitamin D receptor binding element (VDRE) in its promoter. Subsequent studies demonstrated that the vitamin D-cathelicidin pathway may be a key component of a novel innate immune response of human to infection. The lack of evolutionary conservation in non-primate mammals suggested that this is a primate-specific adaptation. Evidence for evolutionary conservation of this regulation in additional primate lineages would provide strong evidence that the TLR2/1-vitamin D-cathelicidin pathway evolved as a biologically important immune response mechanism protecting human and non-human primates against infection. RESULTS PCR-based amplification of the Alu SINE from human and non-human primate genomic DNA and subsequent sequence analysis, revealed perfect structural conservation of the VDRE in all primates examined. Reporter gene studies and induction of the endogenous CAMP gene in Rhesus macaque peripheral blood mononuclear cells demonstrated that the VDREs were conserved functionally. In addition, New World monkeys (NWMs) have maintained additional, functional steroid-hormone receptor binding sites in the AluSx SINE that confer retinoic acid responsiveness and provide potential thyroid hormone receptor binding sites. These sites were less well-conserved during human, ape and Old World monkey (OWM) evolution and the human CAMP gene does not respond to either retinoic acid or thyroid hormone. CONCLUSION We demonstrated that the VDRE in the CAMP gene originated from the exaptation of an AluSx SINE in the lineage leading to humans, apes, OWMs and NWMs and remained under purifying selection for the last 55-60 million years. We present convincing evidence of an evolutionarily fixed, Alu-mediated divergence in steroid hormone nuclear receptor gene regulation between humans/primates and other mammals. Evolutionary selection to place the primate CAMP gene under regulation of the vitamin D pathway potentiates the innate immune response and may counter the anti-inflammatory properties of vitamin D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian F Gombart
- Linus Pauling Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Tsuyako Saito
- Linus Pauling Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - H Phillip Koeffler
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Adams JS, Ren S, Liu PT, Chun RF, Lagishetty V, Gombart AF, Borregaard N, Modlin RL, Hewison M. Vitamin d-directed rheostatic regulation of monocyte antibacterial responses. J Immunol 2009; 182:4289-95. [PMID: 19299728 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0803736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 269] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The active form of vitamin D, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)(2)D) enhances innate immunity by inducing the cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide (hCAP). In monocytes/macrophages, this occurs primarily in response to activation of TLR, that induce expression of the vitamin D receptor and localized synthesis of 1,25(OH)(2)D from precursor 25-hydroxyvitamin D(3) (25OHD). To clarify the relationship between vitamin D and innate immunity, we assessed changes in hCAP expression in vivo and ex vivo in human subjects attending a bone clinic (n = 50). Of these, 38% were vitamin D-insufficient (<75 nM 25OHD) and received supplementation with vitamin D (50,000 IU vitamin D(2) twice weekly for 5 wk). Baseline 25OHD status or vitamin D supplementation had no effect on circulating levels of hCAP. Therefore, ex vivo changes in hCAP for each subject were assessed using peripheral blood monocytes cultured with 10% autologous serum (n = 28). Under these vitamin D "insufficient" conditions the TLR2/1 ligand 19 kDa lipopeptide or the TLR4 ligand LPS, monocytes showed increased expression of the vitamin D-activating enzyme CYP27b1 (5- and 5.5-fold, respectively, both p < 0.01) but decreased expression of hCAP mRNA (10-fold and 30-fold, both p < 0.001). Following treatment with 19 kDa, expression of hCAP: 1) correlated with 25OHD levels in serum culture supplements (R = 0.649, p < 0.001); 2) was significantly enhanced by exogenous 25OHD (5 nM); and 3) was significantly enhanced with serum from vivo vitamin D-supplemented patients. These data suggest that a key role of vitamin D in innate immunity is to maintain localized production of antibacterial hCAP following TLR activation of monocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- John S Adams
- Orthopaedic Hospital Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California at Los Angeles, 90095, USA
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Abstract
Bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein (BPI) is a 55-kd cationic protein found mainly in neutrophil primary granules. BPI shows cytotoxicity against Gram-negative bacteria. In this study, we studied the role of a myeloid-specific transcription factor, CCAAT/enhancer binding protein epsilon (C/EBP epsilon), in the regulation of BPI gene expression. A patient with neutrophil-specific granule deficiency with a homozygous inactivating mutation in the CEBP epsilon gene showed severely impaired expression of both BPI messenger RNA (mRNA) and BPI protein. Both U937 and NB4 cells treated with 10-7 M all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) for 6 days displayed increased levels of BPI protein and accompanying up-regulated C/EBP epsilon expression. Chromatin-immunoprecipitation analysis and electrophoretic mobility shift assays revealed binding of the C/EBP epsilon protein to the C/EBP-binding site in the BPI gene promoter. U937 cells stably transfected with a zinc-inducible C/EBP epsilon expression vector showed a 30-fold increase in BPI mRNA levels compared with cells transfected with control empty vector after culturing for 48 hours with 100 microM ZnSO4. BPI mRNA expression was severely reduced in the bone marrow of C/EBP epsilon-deficient mice compared with wild-type mice. Expression of BPI in human cord blood cells was increased by incubation with 10-7 MATRA for 48 hours. These results demonstrate the requirement for C/EBP epsilon in mediating BPI gene expression in myeloid cells in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miyuki Tanaka
- Department of Pediatrics, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
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Gombart AF, Grewal J, Koeffler HP. ATF4 differentially regulates transcriptional activation of myeloid-specific genes by C/EBPepsilon and C/EBPalpha. J Leukoc Biol 2007; 81:1535-47. [PMID: 17347301 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.0806516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Dimerization between different basic region leucine zipper (ZIP) transcription factors is regarded as an important mechanism for integrating various extracellular signals to control specific patterns of gene expression in cells. The activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) protein was identified as a principal partner for the myeloid-specific transcriptional factor C/EBPepsilon. Dimerization required the ZIP motif of each protein and redirected DNA binding of C/EBPepsilon and ATF4 from their respective symmetric consensus sites to asymmetric C/EBP and cAMP response element sites. The C/EBPepsilon:ATF4 heterodimer bound to the C/EBP sites in the promoters of the myeloid-specific genes encoding neutrophil elastase (NE) and the G-CSF receptor (G-CSFR). Also, the heterodimer bound a previously uncharacterized site in the promoter of the mim-1 gene at nucleotide -174. Coexpression of ATF4 and C/EBPepsilon in the presence of c-Myb synergistically activated the mim-1 and NE promoters compared with C/EBPepsilon plus c-Myb alone. Synergistic activation was not observed for the G-CSFR promoter and only occurred in the presence of c-myb with the NE or mim-1 promoters. In contrast, ATF4:C/EBPalpha dimers bound to the C/EBP sites in the G-CSFR and NE promoters, but transcriptional activation was inhibited by 30-80% in the presence or absence of c-Myb. We propose that ATF4 may regulate myeloid gene expression differentially by potentiating C/EBPepsilon but inhibiting C/EBPalpha-mediated transcriptional activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian F Gombart
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Davis Bldg. 5019, 8700 Beverly Blvd., Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA.
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Abstract
The induction of antimicrobial peptides such as the human cathelicidin, CAMP/hCAP18, by 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) provides a very exciting therapeutic approach in boosting immunity against infectious diseases. To explore the range of cell types and expand the number of cell models for studying the regulation of CAMP gene expression by 1,25(OH)(2)D(3), we treated cell lines from various tissue types and determined CAMP gene expression. Also, we tested additional compounds together with 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) to look for possible cooperative activation of the gene. We identified 1,25(OH)(2)D(3)-mediated induction of the CAMP gene in B-cell lymphomas, prostate and endometrial cancer lines and found cooperative activation with the histone deacetylase inhibitor sodium butyrate. The data suggest that regulation of CAMP by 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) is potentially important in a wide range of tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian F Gombart
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Burns & Allen Research Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA.
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