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Fantacone ML, Lowry MB, Uesugi SL, Michels AJ, Choi J, Leonard SW, Gombart SK, Gombart JS, Bobe G, Gombart AF. The Effect of a Multivitamin and Mineral Supplement on Immune Function in Healthy Older Adults: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Controlled Trial. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12082447. [PMID: 32823974 PMCID: PMC7468989 DOI: 10.3390/nu12082447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Older adults are at increased risk for vitamin and mineral deficiencies that contribute to age-related immune system decline. Several lines of evidence suggest that taking a multi-vitamin and mineral supplement (MVM) could improve immune function in individuals 55 and older. To test this hypothesis, we provided healthy older adults with either an MVM supplement formulated to improve immune function (Redoxon® VI, Singapore) or an identical, inactive placebo control to take daily for 12 weeks. Prior to and after treatment, we measured (1) their blood mineral and vitamin status (i.e., vitamin C, zinc and vitamin D); (2) immune function (i.e., whole blood bacterial killing activity, neutrophil phagocytic activity, and reactive oxygen species production); (3) immune status (salivary IgA and plasma cytokine/chemokine levels); and (4) self-reported health status. MVM supplementation improved vitamin C and zinc status in blood and self-reported health-status without altering measures of immune function or status or vitamin D levels, suggesting that healthy older adults may benefit from MVM supplementation. Further development of functional assays and larger study populations should improve detection of specific changes in immune function after supplementation in healthy older adults. Clinical Trials Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov #NCT02876315.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary L. Fantacone
- Linus Pauling Institute, Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA;
| | - Malcolm B. Lowry
- Linus Pauling Institute, Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA;
| | - Sandra L. Uesugi
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; (S.L.U.); (A.J.M.); (J.C.); (S.W.L.); (S.K.G.); (J.S.G.)
| | - Alexander J. Michels
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; (S.L.U.); (A.J.M.); (J.C.); (S.W.L.); (S.K.G.); (J.S.G.)
| | - Jaewoo Choi
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; (S.L.U.); (A.J.M.); (J.C.); (S.W.L.); (S.K.G.); (J.S.G.)
| | - Scott W. Leonard
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; (S.L.U.); (A.J.M.); (J.C.); (S.W.L.); (S.K.G.); (J.S.G.)
| | - Sean K. Gombart
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; (S.L.U.); (A.J.M.); (J.C.); (S.W.L.); (S.K.G.); (J.S.G.)
| | - Jeffrey S. Gombart
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; (S.L.U.); (A.J.M.); (J.C.); (S.W.L.); (S.K.G.); (J.S.G.)
| | - Gerd Bobe
- Linus Pauling Institute, Department of Animal & Rangeland Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA;
| | - Adrian F. Gombart
- Linus Pauling Institute, Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA;
- Correspondence:
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Lowry MB, Guo C, Zhang Y, Fantacone ML, Logan IE, Campbell Y, Zhang W, Le M, Indra AK, Ganguli-Indra G, Xie J, Gallo RL, Koeffler HP, Gombart AF. A mouse model for vitamin D-induced human cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide gene expression. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2020; 198:105552. [PMID: 31783153 PMCID: PMC7089838 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2019.105552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In humans and other primates, 1,25(OH)2vitamin D3 regulates the expression of the cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide (CAMP) gene via toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling that activates the vitamin D pathway. Mice and other mammals lack the vitamin D response element (VDRE) in their CAMP promoters. To elucidate the biological importance of this pathway, we generated transgenic mice that carry a genomic DNA fragment encompassing the entire human CAMP gene and crossed them with Camp knockout (KO) mice. We observed expression of the human transgene in various tissues and innate immune cells. However, in mouse CAMP transgenic macrophages, TLR activation in the presence of 25(OH)D3 did not induce expression of either CAMP or CYP27B1 as would normally occur in human macrophages, reinforcing important species differences in the actions of vitamin D. Transgenic mice did show increased resistance to colonization by Salmonella typhimurium in the gut. Furthermore, the human CAMP gene restored wound healing in the skin of Camp KO mice. Topical application of 1,25(OH)2vitamin D3 to the skin of CAMP transgenic mice induced CAMP expression and increased killing of Staphylococcus aureus in a wound infection model. Our model can help elucidate the biological importance of the vitamin D-cathelicidin pathway in both pathogenic and non-pathogenic states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malcolm B Lowry
- Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Chunxiao Guo
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Yang Zhang
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; Nutrition Graduate Program, School of Biological & Population Health Sciences, College of Public Health & Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Mary L Fantacone
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Isabelle E Logan
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Yan Campbell
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Weijian Zhang
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Mai Le
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Arup K Indra
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; Knight Cancer Institute, OHSU, Portland, OR 97239, USA; Department of Dermatology, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Gitali Ganguli-Indra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; Knight Cancer Institute, OHSU, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Jingwei Xie
- Department of Surgery, Transplant & Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Richard L Gallo
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - H Phillip Koeffler
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA; Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
| | - Adrian F Gombart
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
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Zhang Y, Bobe G, Revel JS, Rodrigues RR, Sharpton TJ, Fantacone ML, Raslan K, Miranda CL, Lowry MB, Blakemore PR, Morgun A, Shulzhenko N, Maier CS, Stevens JF, Gombart AF. Front Cover: Improvements in Metabolic Syndrome by Xanthohumol Derivatives Are Linked to Altered Gut Microbiota and Bile Acid Metabolism. Mol Nutr Food Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202070003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Zhang Y, Bobe G, Revel JS, Rodrigues R, Sharpton TJ, Fantacone ML, Raslan K, Miranda CL, Lowry MB, Blakemore PR, Morgun A, Shulzhenko N, Maier CS, Stevens JF, Gombart AF. Improvements in Metabolic Syndrome by Xanthohumol Derivatives Are Linked to Altered Gut Microbiota and Bile Acid Metabolism. Mol Nutr Food Res 2020; 64:e1900789. [PMID: 31755244 PMCID: PMC7029812 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201900789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Two hydrogenated xanthohumol (XN) derivatives, α,β-dihydro-XN (DXN) and tetrahydro-XN (TXN), improved parameters of metabolic syndrome (MetS), a critical risk factor of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type 2 diabetes, in a diet-induced obese murine model. It is hypothesized that improvements in obesity and MetS are linked to changes in composition of the gut microbiota, bile acid metabolism, intestinal barrier function, and inflammation. METHODS AND RESULTS To test this hypothesis, 16S rRNA genes were sequenced and bile acids were measured in fecal samples from C57BL/6J mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) or HFD containing XN, DXN or TXN. Expression of genes associated with epithelial barrier function, inflammation, and bile acid metabolism were measured in the colon, white adipose tissue (WAT), and liver, respectively. Administration of XN derivatives decreases intestinal microbiota diversity and abundance-specifically Bacteroidetes and Tenericutes-alters bile acid metabolism, and reduces inflammation. In WAT, TXN supplementation decreases pro-inflammatory gene expression by suppressing macrophage infiltration. Transkingdom network analysis connects changes in the microbiota to improvements in MetS in the host. CONCLUSION Changes in the gut microbiota and bile acid metabolism may explain, in part, the improvements in obesity and MetS associated with administration of XN and its derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhang
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, 97331, USA
- School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, 97331, USA
| | - Gerd Bobe
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, 97331, USA
- Department of Animal Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, 97331, USA
| | - Johana S. Revel
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, 97331, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, 97331, USA
| | - Richard Rodrigues
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, 97331, USA
| | - Thomas J. Sharpton
- Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, 97331, USA
- Department of Statistics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, 97331, USA
| | - Mary L. Fantacone
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, 97331, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, 97331, USA
| | - Kareem Raslan
- Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, 97331, USA
| | - Cristobal L. Miranda
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, 97331, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, 97331, USA
| | - Malcolm B. Lowry
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, 97331, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, 97331, USA
| | - Paul R. Blakemore
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, 97331, USA
| | - Andrey Morgun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, 97331, USA
| | - Natalia Shulzhenko
- College of Veterinary Medicine; Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, 97331, USA
| | - Claudia S. Maier
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, 97331, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, 97331, USA
| | - Jan F. Stevens
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, 97331, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, 97331, USA
| | - Adrian F. Gombart
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, 97331, USA
- School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, 97331, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, 97331, USA
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Guo C, Sinnott B, Niu B, Lowry MB, Fantacone ML, Gombart AF. Synergistic induction of human cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide gene expression by vitamin D and stilbenoids. Mol Nutr Food Res 2013; 58:528-536. [PMID: 24039193 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201300266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2013] [Revised: 07/25/2013] [Accepted: 07/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE The cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide (CAMP) gene is induced by 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1α,25(OH)2 D3), lithocholic acid, curcumin, nicotinamide, and butyrate. Discovering additional small molecules that regulate its expression will identify new molecular mechanisms involved in CAMP regulation and increase understanding of how diet and nutrition can improve immune function. METHODS AND RESULTS We discovered that two stilbenoids, resveratrol and pterostilbene, induced CAMP promoter-luciferase expression. Synergistic activation was observed when either stilbenoid was combined with 1α,25(OH)2 D3. Both stilbenoids increased CAMP mRNA and protein levels in the monocyte cell line U937 and synergy was observed in both U937 and the keratinocyte cell line, HaCaT. Inhibition of resveratrol targets sirtuin-1, cyclic AMP production and the c-Jun N-terminal, phosphoinositide 3 and AMP-activated kinases did not block induction of CAMP by resveratrol or synergy with 1α,25(OH)2 D3. Nevertheless, inhibition of the extracellular signal regulated 1/2 and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases, increased CAMP gene expression in combination with 1α,25(OH)2 D3 suggesting that inhibition of these kinases by resveratrol may explain, in part, its synergy with vitamin D. CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrate for the first time that stilbenoid compounds may have the potential to boost the innate immune response by increasing CAMP gene expression, particularly in combination with 1α,25(OH)2 D3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxiao Guo
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331.,Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331
| | - Brian Sinnott
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331.,Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331
| | - Brenda Niu
- School of Medicine, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, Oregon 97239
| | - Malcolm B Lowry
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331.,Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331
| | - Mary L Fantacone
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331.,Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331
| | - Adrian F Gombart
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331.,Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331
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