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Sebai I, Deaconu A, Mobetty F, Nardocci M, Ing A, Batal M. Measurement of diet quality among First Nations peoples in Canada and associations with health: a scoping review. Nutr Rev 2024; 82:695-708. [PMID: 37421656 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuad073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Given the increasing number and the diversity of dietary quality indices used for research, and the differences between settings, there is a need to identify valid indices of dietary quality in different contexts and populations and to identify their associations with health-related outcomes. OBJECTIVES The primary objective of this scoping review is to identify the tools used in determining dietary quality among First Nations and to describe the changes in diet. The second objective is to describe the associations identified in studies that have measured the relationship between health and dietary quality among First Nations; and the third objective is to identify factors associated with diet quality. METHODS PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, Global Health, and Web of Science were searched from inception to June 2021 and updated in February 2022. Articles were included if the research subjects were First Nations, or if articles reported disaggregated subset data for First Nations. Eligible studies focused on nutrition and diet and were published in English or French. RESULTS A total of 151 articles were included in the analysis. Studies used several indicators to measure if individuals adhered to dietary guidelines. Traditional food consumption was frequently used as an indicator of diet quality (n = 96). The consumption of store-bought foods was used as an indicator in 28 studies. Some studies used other diet quality indicators such as the Healthy Eating Index (n = 5) and ultra-processed food "NOVA" classification (n = 6). A trend for decreasing traditional food intake over time was apparent, alongside an increase in store-bought food intake. This trend was accompanied with declining health status, including the increased prevalence of overweight and obesity, diabetes, metabolic diseases, and dental caries. CONCLUSION This scoping review showed that diet quality among First Nations is improved when traditional foods are consumed. Reduced diet quality was associated with increased risk of noncommunicable diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Sebai
- Canada Research Chair in Nutrition and Health Inequalities (CIENS), Montreal, Canada
- TRANSNUT, Département de Nutrition, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
- Centre de Recherche en Santé Publique, Université de Montréal et CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Ana Deaconu
- Canada Research Chair in Nutrition and Health Inequalities (CIENS), Montreal, Canada
- TRANSNUT, Département de Nutrition, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Fabrice Mobetty
- Canada Research Chair in Nutrition and Health Inequalities (CIENS), Montreal, Canada
- TRANSNUT, Département de Nutrition, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
- Centre de Recherche en Santé Publique, Université de Montréal et CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Milena Nardocci
- Canada Research Chair in Nutrition and Health Inequalities (CIENS), Montreal, Canada
- TRANSNUT, Département de Nutrition, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Amy Ing
- Canada Research Chair in Nutrition and Health Inequalities (CIENS), Montreal, Canada
- TRANSNUT, Département de Nutrition, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Malek Batal
- Canada Research Chair in Nutrition and Health Inequalities (CIENS), Montreal, Canada
- TRANSNUT, Département de Nutrition, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
- Centre de Recherche en Santé Publique, Université de Montréal et CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Montreal, Canada
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Patel B, Unadkat S, Patel H, Rathod M. Dietary Practices Among Type 2 Diabetes Patients Visiting a Non-communicable Disease (NCD) Clinic in a District of Western India: A Cross-Sectional Study. Cureus 2024; 16:e52604. [PMID: 38374862 PMCID: PMC10875394 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.52604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Diabetes is becoming a major public health problem in the country. One of the most important lifestyle modifications necessary for diabetic patients is maintaining healthy dietary choices. These modifications in dietary practices are supposed to be followed lifelong, along with medication, for better glycemic control. Despite understanding the importance of dietary control and physical activity in the management of diabetes, adherence to these practices is poor. This study aimed to assess the dietary practices of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients and various factors that determine adherence to these healthy dietary practices. The secondary objective was to find the perceptions of participants about the role of diet in controlling diabetes and to find the perception-practice gap among study participants. METHODOLOGY It was a hospital-based cross-sectional study conducted among 450 T2DM patients visiting the non-communicable disease (NCD) clinics of tertiary care hospitals and community health centres (CHCs) of the study district. Dietary practice was assessed using a modified UK Diabetes and Diet Questionnaire (UKDDQ), considering the food patterns in the study area. Statistical tests like chi-square and ordinal logistic regression were applied using Jamovi software for univariate and multivariate analyses. RESULTS The healthiest food choices were abstinence from alcohol consumption (100%), avoiding processed meat (92.21%), high-fibre breakfast (70.4%), and daily consumption of vegetables (68.2%). Improper dietary practices were regular sugary drinks (38%) and high-glycemic-index food items (22.4%). The mean (SD) of the composite score was 68.02 (8.7) and the median score (interquartile range (IQR)) was 69 (60-76). Tertile analysis of the composite score revealed that with the increase in age, patients were less likely to be in the intermediate or upper tertile score (β = -0.0219, p = 0.016). Being female (odds ratio (OR) =0.603, CI: 0.395-0.917, p = 0.019) and living in a three-generation family made the patients less likely to be in the upper tertile score. CONCLUSION Nearly half of the participants had an overall healthy score. Dietary practices were healthy among the participants of lower ages, males, and those living in nuclear and joint families. The highest perception-practice gap was seen for fruit and rice consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bela Patel
- Community Medicine, Swaminarayan Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Kalol, IND
| | - Sumit Unadkat
- Community Medicine, Shri M. P. Shah Government Medical College, Jamnagar, IND
| | - Harsh Patel
- Community Medicine, SAL Institute of Medical Sciences, Ahmedabad, IND
| | - Mittal Rathod
- Community Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Science, Jammu, Jammu, IND
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Najberg H, Mouthon M, Coppin G, Spierer L. Reduction in sugar drink valuation and consumption with gamified executive control training. Sci Rep 2023; 13:10659. [PMID: 37391448 PMCID: PMC10313656 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36859-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The overvaluation of high-energy, palatable food cues contributes to unhealthy eating and being overweight. Reducing the valuation of unhealthy food may thus constitute a powerful lever to improve eating habits and conditions characterized by unhealthy eating. We conducted a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized intervention trial assessing the efficacy of a five to twenty days online cognitive training intervention to reduce sugary drink perceived palatability and consumption. Our intervention involved a recently identified action-to-valuation mechanism of action, in which the repeated inhibition of prepotent motor responses to hedonic food cues in a Go/NoGo (GNG) and an attentional bias modification (ABM) task eventually reduces their valuation and intake. Confirming our hypotheses, the experimental intervention with consistent (100%) mapping between motor inhibition and the targeted unhealthy sugary drinks cues induced a larger decrease in their valuation than the control intervention with inconsistent (50%) mapping (- 27.6% vs. - 19%), and a larger increase of the (water) items associated with response execution (+ 11% vs + 4.2%). Exploratory analyses suggest that the effect of training on unhealthy items valuation may persist for at least one month. Against our hypothesis, we observed equivalent reductions in self-reported consumption of sugary drinks following the two interventions (exp: - 27% vs. ctrl: - 19%, BF01 = 4.7), suggesting a dose-independent effect of motor inhibition on self-reported consumption. Our collective results corroborate the robustness and large size of the devaluation effects induced by response inhibition on palatable items, but challenge the assumption of a linear relationship between such effects and the actual consumption of the target items. PROTOCOL REGISTRATION: The stage 1 protocol for this Registered Report was accepted in principle on 30/03/2021. The protocol, as accepted by the journal, can be found at: https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/5ESMP .
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Najberg
- Laboratory for Neurorehabilitation Science, Medicine Section, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, 1700, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Michael Mouthon
- Laboratory for Neurorehabilitation Science, Medicine Section, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, 1700, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Géraldine Coppin
- UniDistance Suisse, Schinerstrasse 18, 3900, Brigue, Switzerland
- Swiss Center for Affective Sciences, University of Geneva, 1205, Genève, Switzerland
| | - Lucas Spierer
- Laboratory for Neurorehabilitation Science, Medicine Section, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, 1700, Fribourg, Switzerland.
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Herzl E, Schmitt EE, Shearrer G, Keith JF. The Effects of a Western Diet vs. a High-Fiber Unprocessed Diet on Health Outcomes in Mice Offspring. Nutrients 2023; 15:2858. [PMID: 37447184 DOI: 10.3390/nu15132858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Diet influences critical periods of growth, including gestation and early development. We hypothesized that a maternal/early life diet reflecting unprocessed dietary components would positively affect offspring metabolic and anthropometric parameters. Using 9 C57BL-6 dams, we simulated exposure to a Western diet, a high-fiber unprocessed diet (HFUD), or a control diet. The dams consumed their respective diets (Western [n = 3], HFUD [n = 3], and control [n = 3]) through 3 weeks of pregnancy and 3 weeks of weaning; their offspring consumed the diet of their mother for 4.5 weeks post weaning. Measurements included dual X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scans, feed consumption, body weight, blood glucose, and insulin and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in the offspring. Statistical analyses included one-way ANOVA with Tukey's post hoc analysis. The offspring DEXA measures at 5 and 7.5 weeks post parturition revealed higher lean body mass development in the HFUD and control diet offspring compared to the Western diet offspring. An analysis indicated that blood glucose (p = 0.001) and HbA1c concentrations (p = 0.002) were lower among the HFUD offspring compared to the Western and control offspring. The results demonstrate that diet during gestation and early life consistent with traditional diet patterns may influence hyperglycemia and adiposity in offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Herzl
- Department of Family & Consumer Sciences, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
| | - Emily E Schmitt
- Division of Kinesiology & Health, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
- WWAMI Medical Education, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
| | - Grace Shearrer
- Department of Family & Consumer Sciences, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
- WWAMI Medical Education, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
| | - Jill F Keith
- Department of Family & Consumer Sciences, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
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Keshavarz P, Lane G, Pahwa P, Lieffers J, Shafiee M, Finkas K, Desmarais M, Vatanparast H. Dietary Patterns of Off-Reserve Indigenous Peoples in Canada and Their Association with Chronic Conditions. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15061485. [PMID: 36986215 PMCID: PMC10053984 DOI: 10.3390/nu15061485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Nationally representative nutrition surveys (Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS) Cycle 2.2, Nutrition 2004 and 2015) were used to examine dietary patterns and their association with socioeconomic/sociodemographic factors and chronic conditions in off-reserve Indigenous population in Canada. A cluster analysis was used to identify dietary patterns (DPs), and the Nutrient Rich Food Index (NRF 9.3) was used as the diet quality score and stratified by age/gender groups. In 2004 (n = 1528), the dominant DPs among Indigenous adults (age = 41 ± 2.3) were "Mixed" (mean NRF = 450 ± 12) and "Unhealthy" among men (mean NRF = 426 ± 18), "Fruits" among women (mean NRF = 526 ± 29), and "High-Fat/High-Sugar" among children (age = 10.2 ± 0.5) (mean NRF = 457 ± 12). In 2015 (n = 950), the dominant DPs were "Unhealthy" (mean NRF = 466 ± 6), "Mixed" (mean NRF = 485 ± 21), Healthy-Like (mean NRF = 568 ± 37), and "Mixed" (mean NRF = 510 ± 9) among adults (age = 45.6 ± 2.2), men, women, and children (age = 10.9 ± 0.3) respectively. The majority of Indigenous peoples had the "Unhealthy" DP with a low diet quality, which may contribute to a high prevalence of obesity and chronic diseases. The income level and smoking status among adults and physical inactivity among children were recognized as important factors that may be associated with the dietary intake of off-reserve Indigenous population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pardis Keshavarz
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Ginny Lane
- Margaret Ritchie School of Family and Consumer Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, USA
| | - Punam Pahwa
- Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S0G 5L0, Canada
| | - Jessica Lieffers
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Mojtaba Shafiee
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Kelly Finkas
- Health and Social Development, Cowessess First Nation, Cowessess, SK S0G 5L0, Canada
| | - Marisa Desmarais
- Health and Social Development Department, Community Dietitian, Cowessess First Nation, Cowessess, SK S0G 5L0, Canada
| | - Hassan Vatanparast
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
- School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
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Sakai Y, Rahayu YYS, Araki T. Nutritional Value of Canteen Menus and Dietary Habits and Intakes of University Students in Indonesia. Nutrients 2022; 14:1911. [PMID: 35565878 PMCID: PMC9105855 DOI: 10.3390/nu14091911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
A comprehensive assessment of the dietary status of university students in Indonesia is lacking. Hence, this study aims to assess students' dietary habits, status, and the nutritive value of meals offered at university canteens. This was a cross-sectional study based on the dietary habits of 333 students, 26 of whom were interviewed for the dietary survey. The nutritional value of canteen menus used by nearly half of the students (44%) was also examined. Most menus lacked macro and micronutrients (i.e., calcium, 15.5%) and were high in salt (181.5%). BMIs showed malnutrition among students (38.5%). The protein, fat, carbohydrate (PFC) ratio showed a high proportion of fat (32.4%) in the diets of female students. The level of salt intake (96.2%) was above the Indonesian recommended dietary allowance (RDA). Most students had unhealthy dietary patterns, including a high consumption of sweet beverages and instant noodles and a low intake of fruits, vegetables, animal protein, and milk. The lack of nutrients in canteen menus might lead to a nutrient deficiency among the students, which underlines the important role of canteens in the students' dietary intake. Optimizing the nutritional profile of menus, labeling based on nutrient profiling, and promoting nutrition education should be addressed to improve students' diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yui Sakai
- Department of Global Agricultural Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Science, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo Ward, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan;
| | - Yen Yen Sally Rahayu
- Tokyo College, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo Ward, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan;
| | - Tetsuya Araki
- Department of Global Agricultural Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Science, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo Ward, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan;
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Pestoni G, Riedl A, Breuninger TA, Wawro N, Krieger JP, Meisinger C, Rathmann W, Thorand B, Harris C, Peters A, Rohrmann S, Linseisen J. Association between dietary patterns and prediabetes, undetected diabetes or clinically diagnosed diabetes: results from the KORA FF4 study. Eur J Nutr 2021; 60:2331-2341. [PMID: 33125578 PMCID: PMC8275503 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-020-02416-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Diet is one of the most important modifiable risk factors for the development of type 2 diabetes. Here, we aim to identify dietary patterns and to investigate their association with prediabetes, undetected diabetes and prevalent diabetes. METHODS The present study included 1305 participants of the cross-sectional population-based KORA FF4 study. Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) measurements together with a physician-confirmed diagnosis allowed for an accurate categorization of the participants according to their glucose tolerance status into normal glucose tolerance (n = 698), prediabetes (n = 459), undetected diabetes (n = 49), and prevalent diabetes (n = 99). Dietary patterns were identified through principal component analysis followed by hierarchical clustering. The association between dietary patterns and glucose tolerance status was investigated using multinomial logistic regression models. RESULTS A Prudent pattern, characterized by high consumption of vegetables, fruits, wholegrains and dairy products, and a Western pattern, characterized by high consumption of red and processed meat, alcoholic beverages, refined grains and sugar-sweetened beverages, were identified. Participants following the Western pattern had significantly higher chances of having prediabetes (odds ratio [OR] 1.92; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.35, 2.73), undetected diabetes (OR 10.12; 95% CI 4.19, 24.43) or prevalent diabetes (OR 3.51; 95% CI 1.85, 6.67), compared to participants following the Prudent pattern. CONCLUSION To our knowledge, the present study is one of the few investigating the association between dietary patterns and prediabetes or undetected diabetes. The use of a reference group exclusively including participants with normal glucose tolerance might explain the strong associations observed in our study. These results suggest a very important role of dietary habits in the prevention of prediabetes and type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Pestoni
- Division of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Independent Research Group Clinical Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Anna Riedl
- Independent Research Group Clinical Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
- Chair of Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, UNIKA-T Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Taylor A Breuninger
- Independent Research Group Clinical Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
- Chair of Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, UNIKA-T Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Nina Wawro
- Independent Research Group Clinical Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
- Chair of Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, UNIKA-T Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Jean-Philippe Krieger
- Division of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christa Meisinger
- Independent Research Group Clinical Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
- Chair of Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, UNIKA-T Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Rathmann
- Institute for Biometrics and Epidemiology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD E.V.), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Barbara Thorand
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD E.V.), Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Carla Harris
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
- Division of Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine, Dr. Von Hauner Children's Hospital, University of Munich Medical Center, Munich, Germany
| | - Annette Peters
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD E.V.), Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Sabine Rohrmann
- Division of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jakob Linseisen
- Independent Research Group Clinical Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.
- Chair of Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, UNIKA-T Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany.
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Najberg H, Rigamonti M, Mouthon M, Spierer L. Modifying food items valuation and weight with gamified executive control training. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2021; 8:191288. [PMID: 34084536 PMCID: PMC8150012 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.191288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Recent lines of research suggest that repeated executive control of motor responses to food items modifies their perceived value and in turn their consumption. Cognitive interventions involving the practice of motor control and attentional tasks have thus been advanced as potential approach to improve eating habits. Yet, their efficacy remains debated, notably due to a lack of proper control for the effects of expectations. We examined whether a one-month intervention combining the practice of Go/NoGo and Cue approach training modified the perceived palatability of food items (i.e. decrease in unhealthy and increase in healthy food items' palatability ratings), and in turn participants' weights. We assessed our hypotheses with a parallel, double-blind, randomized controlled trial. Motivation and adherence to the intervention were maximized by a professional-level gamification of the training tasks. The control intervention differed from the experimental intervention only in the biasing of the stimulus-response mapping rules, enabling to balance expectations between the two groups and thus to conclude on the causal influence of motoric control on items valuation. We found a larger decrease of the unhealthy items' palatability ratings in the experimental (20.6%) than control group (13.1%). However, we did not find any increase of the healthy items' ratings or weight loss. Overall, the present registered report confirms that the repeated inhibition of motor responses to food cues, together with the development of attentional biases away from these cues, reduces their perceived value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Najberg
- Neurology Unit, Medicine Section, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, PER 09, Chemin du Musée 5, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Maurizio Rigamonti
- Neurology Unit, Medicine Section, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, PER 09, Chemin du Musée 5, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Michael Mouthon
- Neurology Unit, Medicine Section, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, PER 09, Chemin du Musée 5, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Lucas Spierer
- Neurology Unit, Medicine Section, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, PER 09, Chemin du Musée 5, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
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Nagarathna R, Anand A, Nanda S, Patil SS, Singh A, Rajesh SK, Nagendra HR. Is the Indian Dietary Pattern Associated WithType 2 Diabetes? A Pan-India Randomized Cluster Sample Study. Ann Neurosci 2020; 27:175-182. [PMID: 34556957 PMCID: PMC8455007 DOI: 10.1177/09727531211005226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Diabetes is associated strongly with many neurodegenerative diseases and is also a lifestyle disorder. A good glycemic status depends on diet management and physical activity. There are several studies available on the relationship between diet habits and impact on diabetes. Purpose: The objective of this study was to check the association of different dietary factors with glucose levels and lipid values in type 2 diabetes from a part of a large nationwide trial. Methods: This was the data fromapan-India multicentered cluster randomized controlled study covering 60 states and 4 union territories; 17,285 individuals were surveyed for dietary factors. Amongst them, data of 12,500 individuals were analyzed.Males were 54% and 60% individuals were from urban areas. Results: The analysis of the results showed that consumption (usual/often) of milk(odds ratio, OR = 7.180), meat (OR = 6.81), less fiber (OR = 17.77), and less fruits (OR = 14.71) was strongly and positively associated with fasting blood glucose (P<.001). The postprandial blood glucose (PPBG) in diabetes individuals also had a strong positive association (P<.001) with consumption (usual/often) of meat (OR = 22.82) and milk (OR = 17.19). In prediabetes individuals, milk was significantly (P<.001) associated with fasting blood glucose (OR = 2.74). In nondiabetes individuals also, milk was significantly associated with postprandial blood glucose (OR = 2.56). Consumption of meat was associated with high cholesterol (OR = 1.465). Consumption of junk food was associated significantly (P <.001)with the status of known diabetes (OR = 1.345) and known hypertension (OR = 1.247). Conclusion: Consumption of milk, meat, less vegetables, less fruits, and junk food has a significant effect on the glycemic status and cholesterol levels, and also on the status of known diabetes and hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghuram Nagarathna
- Swami Vivekananda Yoga Anusandhana Samsthana (SVYASA), Kempegowda Nagar, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
- Raghuram Nagarathna, Director, Arogyadhama, VYASA, 19, Eknath Bhavan, Gavipuram Circle, Kempegowda Nagar, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560019, India. E-mail:
| | - Akshay Anand
- Neuroscience Research Lab, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
- Centre for Mind Body Medicine, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
- Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Sapna Nanda
- Centre for Mind Body Medicine, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
| | - Suchitra S. Patil
- Swami Vivekananda Yoga Anusandhana Samsthana (SVYASA), Kempegowda Nagar, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Amit Singh
- Swami Vivekananda Yoga Anusandhana Samsthana (SVYASA), Kempegowda Nagar, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - S. K. Rajesh
- Department of Yoga and Physical Science, SVYASA Yoga University, Bangalore, India
| | - H. R. Nagendra
- Swami Vivekananda Yoga Anusandhana Samsthana (SVYASA), Kempegowda Nagar, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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Dietary patterns associated with meeting the WHO free sugars intake guidelines. Public Health Nutr 2020; 23:1495-1506. [DOI: 10.1017/s1368980019004543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
AbstractObjective:Emerging evidence suggests that free sugars intake in many countries exceeds that recommended by the WHO. However, information regarding real-world dietary patterns associated with meeting the WHO free sugars guidelines is lacking. The current study aimed to determine dietary patterns associated with meeting the guidelines to inform effective free sugars reduction interventions in New Zealand (NZ) and similar high-income countries.Design:Dietary patterns were derived using principal component analysis on repeat 24-h NZ Adult Nutrition Survey dietary recall data. Associations between dietary patterns and the WHO guidelines (<5 and <10 % total energy intake) were determined using logistic regression analyses.Setting:New Zealand.Participants:NZ adults (n 4721) over 15 years old.Results:Eight dietary patterns were identified: ‘takeaway foods and alcohol’ was associated with meeting both WHO guidelines; ‘contemporary’ was associated with meeting the <10 % guideline (males only); ‘fast foods, sugar-sweetened beverages and dessert’, ‘traditional’ and ‘breakfast foods’ were negatively associated with meeting both guidelines; ‘sandwich’ and ‘snack foods’ were negatively associated with the <5 % guideline; and ‘saturated fats and sugar’ was negatively associated with the <10 % guideline.Conclusions:The majority of NZ dietary patterns were not consistent with WHO free sugars guidelines. It is possible to meet the WHO guidelines while consuming a healthier (‘contemporary’) or energy-dense, nutrient-poor (‘takeaway foods and alcohol’) diet. However, the majority of energy-dense patterns were not associated with meeting the guidelines. Future nutrition interventions would benefit from focusing on establishing healthier overall diets and reducing consumption and free sugars content of key foods.
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Predictors of household food insecurity and relationship with obesity in First Nations communities in British Columbia, Manitoba, Alberta and Ontario. Public Health Nutr 2020; 24:1021-1033. [PMID: 32366338 PMCID: PMC8025097 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980019004889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To further understandings of household food insecurity in First Nations communities in Canada and its relationship with obesity. Design: Analysis of a cross-sectional dataset from the First Nations Food, Nutrition and Environment Study representative of First Nations communities south of the 60th parallel. Multivariate logistic regression was used to assess associations between food insecurity and sociodemographic factors, as well as the odds of obesity among food-insecure households adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics. Setting: Western and Central Canada. Participants: First Nations peoples aged ≥19 years. Results: Forty-six percent of First Nations households experienced food insecurity. Food insecurity was highest for respondents who received social assistance; had ≤10 years of education; were female; had children in the household; were 19–30 years old; resided in Alberta; and had no year-round road access into the community. Rates of obesity were highest for respondents residing in marginally food-insecure households (female 56·6 %; male 54·6 %). In gender-specific analyses, the odds of obesity were highest among marginally food-insecure households in comparison with food-secure households, for both female (OR 1·57) and male (OR 1·57) respondents, adjusting for sociodemographic variables. For males only, those in severely food-insecure (compared with food-secure) households had lower odds of obesity after adjusting for confounding (OR 0·56). Conclusions: The interrelated challenges of food insecurity and obesity in First Nations communities emphasise the need for Indigenous-led, culturally appropriate and food sovereign approaches to food security and nutrition in support of holistic wellness and prevention of chronic disease.
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Hu W, Fitzgerald M, Topp B, Alam M, O'Hare TJ. A review of biological functions, health benefits, and possible de novo biosynthetic pathway of palmitoleic acid in macadamia nuts. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.103520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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Fukuda Y, Umeno Y, Taniguchi Y, Marukawa S, Kurihara H, Nakajima H, Yamasaki T. Analysis of Dietary Factors Affecting Body Mass Index in Elderly Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. J Clin Med Res 2019; 11:563-571. [PMID: 31413768 PMCID: PMC6681859 DOI: 10.14740/jocmr3893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Body mass index (BMI) is correlated with the outcomes of various metabolic and pathological conditions. To elucidate the factors affecting BMI in elderly persons, we studied elderly persons with and without diabetes mellitus for BMI management target values using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Methods We conducted a dietary survey targeting 60 elderly outpatients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (diabetes group, 70.1 ± 7.8 years) and 66 elderly persons who participated in a health class offered by the municipality (health class group, 72.5 ± 5.7 years). Results In the diabetes group, positive correlations were observed between BMI and several variables including blood glucose levels (all P < 0.05), whereas BMI had negative correlations with the third principal component (positive weight for oils and fats). In addition, BMI was negatively correlated with the intake of oils and fats. In the health class group, BMI was positively correlated (all P < 0.05) with grip strength/sixth principal component (positive weight for sweets)/condiments. An analysis of dietary patterns revealed that dietary factors correlated with BMI in each group. The cutoff value of BMI was suggested to be near the normal upper limit or slightly higher in the subject group. Conclusion We considered that BMI management was useful as an indicator for maintaining grip and muscle strength in elderly persons and as an indicator for diabetes care management. From the present study, we may propose the utility of a careful dietary survey as one of the approaches for these aims.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuko Fukuda
- Department of Food Sciences and Nutrition, School of Human Environmental Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Yumi Umeno
- Health Guidance Section, National Pension and Insurance, Kaizuka City Hall, Kaizuka, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuko Taniguchi
- Department of Nutrition Management, Osaka Medical Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases, Osaka, Japan.,Current Address: Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Satoko Marukawa
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism/Clinical Laboratory, Osaka Medical Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases, Osaka, Japan.,Current Address: Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroko Kurihara
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism/Clinical Laboratory, Osaka Medical Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases, Osaka, Japan.,Current Address: Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiromu Nakajima
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism/Clinical Laboratory, Osaka Medical Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases, Osaka, Japan.,Current Address: Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Yamasaki
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism/Clinical Laboratory, Osaka Medical Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases, Osaka, Japan.,Current Address: Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
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Ballon A, Neuenschwander M, Schlesinger S. Breakfast Skipping Is Associated with Increased Risk of Type 2 Diabetes among Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies. J Nutr 2019; 149:106-113. [PMID: 30418612 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxy194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Epidemiologic studies have indicated that breakfast skipping is associated with risk of type 2 diabetes. However, the shape of the dose-response relation and the influence of adiposity on this association have not been reported. Objective We investigated the association between breakfast skipping and risk of type 2 diabetes by considering the influence of the body mass index (BMI). Methods In this systematic review and meta-analysis, PubMed and Web of Science were searched up to August 2017. Prospective cohort studies on breakfast skipping and risk of type 2 diabetes in adults were included. Summary RRs and 95% CIs, without and with adjustment for BMI, were estimated with the use of a random-effects model in pairwise and dose-response meta-analyses. Results In total 6 studies, based on 96,175 participants and 4935 cases, were included. The summary RR for type 2 diabetes comparing ever with never skipping breakfast was 1.33 (95% CI: 1.22, 1.46, n = 6 studies) without adjustment for BMI, and 1.22 (95% CI: 1.12, 1.34, n = 4 studies) after adjustment for BMI. Nonlinear dose-response meta-analysis indicated that risk of type 2 diabetes increased with every additional day of breakfast skipping, but the curve reached a plateau at 4-5 d/wk, showing an increased risk of 55% (summary RR: 1.55; 95% CI: 1.41, 1.71). No further increase in risk of type 2 diabetes was observed after 5 d of breakfast skipping/wk (P for nonlinearity = 0.08). Conclusions This meta-analysis provides evidence that breakfast skipping is associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes, and the association is partly mediated by BMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Ballon
- Institute for Biometry and Epidemiology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Manuela Neuenschwander
- Institute for Biometry and Epidemiology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sabrina Schlesinger
- Institute for Biometry and Epidemiology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
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Potato phenolics impact starch digestion and glucose transport in model systems but translation to phenolic rich potato chips results in only modest modification of glycemic response in humans. Nutr Res 2018. [PMID: 29525611 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2018.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Beneficial effects of some phenolic compounds in modulation of carbohydrate digestion and glycemic response have been reported, however effects of phenolics from processed potato products on these endpoints are not well known. The aims of this study were to characterize phenolic profiles of fresh potatoes (purple, red, or white fleshed; 2 varieties each) and chips, and to examine the potential for potato phenolic extracts (PPE) to modulate starch digestion and intestinal glucose transport in model systems. Following in vitro assessment, a pilot clinical study (n=11) assessed differences in glycemic response and gastric emptying between chips from pigmented and white potatoes. We hypothesized that phenolics from pigmented potato chips would be recovered through processing and result in a reduced acute glycemic response in humans relative to chips made from white potatoes. PPEs were rich in anthocyanins (~98, 11 and ND mg/100 g dw) and chlorogenic acids (~519, 425 and 157 mg/100 g dw) for purple, red and white varieties respectively. While no significant effects were observed on starch digestion by α-amylase and the α-glucosidases, PPEs significantly (p<0.05) decreased the rate of glucose transport, measured following transport of 1,2,3,4,5,6,6-d7 -glucose (d7-glu) across Caco-2 human intestinal cell monolayers, by 4.5-83.9%. Consistent with in vitro results, consumption of purple potato chips modestly but significantly (p<0.05) decreased blood glucose at 30 and 60 minutes post consumption compared to white chips without impacting gastric emptying. These results suggest that potato phenolics may play a modest role in modulation of glycemic response and these effects may result in subtle differences between consumer products.
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Mansuri S, Badawi A, Kayaniyil S, Cole DE, Harris SB, Mamakeesick M, Wolever T, Gittelsohn J, Maguire JL, Connelly PW, Zinman B, Hanley AJ. Traditional foods and 25(OH)D concentrations in a subarctic First Nations community. Int J Circumpolar Health 2017; 75:31956. [PMID: 28156417 PMCID: PMC5035507 DOI: 10.3402/ijch.v75.31956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sub-optimal vitamin D status is common worldwide and the condition may be associated with increased risk for various chronic diseases. In particular, low vitamin D status is highly prevalent in indigenous communities in Canada, although limited data are available on the determinants of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations in this population. The relationship between traditional food consumption and vitamin D status has not been well documented. Objective To investigate the determinants of serum 25(OH)D status in a First Nations community in Ontario, Canada, with a focus on the role of traditional food consumption and activities. Methods A cross-sectional analysis was conducted within the Sandy Lake Health and Diabetes Project (2003–2005). A total of 445 participants (>12 years of age) were assessed for serum 25(OH)D status, anthropometric and lifestyle variables, including traditional and non-traditional dietary practices and activities. Diet patterns were identified using factor analysis, and multivariate linear regression analysis was used to analyse the determinants of 25(OH)D concentrations. Results Mean serum 25(OH)D concentrations were 22.1 nmol/L (16.9, 29.9 nmol/L) in men and 20.5 nmol/L (16.0, 27.3 nmol/L) in women. Multivariate determinants of higher serum 25(OH)D included higher consumption of traditional and healthier market foods, higher wild fish consumption, male gender, spring/summer season of blood collection and more frequent physical activity. Significant negative determinants included hours of TV/day, higher BMI and higher consumption of unhealthy market foods. Conclusions Traditional food consumption contributed independently to higher 25(OH)D concentrations in a First Nations community with a high prevalence of sub-optimal vitamin D status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudaba Mansuri
- a Department of Nutritional Sciences University of Toronto , Toronto , ON , Canada
| | - Alaa Badawi
- b Office of Biotechnology Genomics and Population Health, Public Health Agency of Canada , Toronto , ON , Canada
| | - Sheena Kayaniyil
- a Department of Nutritional Sciences University of Toronto , Toronto , ON , Canada
| | - David E Cole
- c Sunnybrook Research Institute Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre , Toronto , ON , Canada
| | - Stewart B Harris
- d Center for Studies in Family Medicine Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario , London , ON , Canada
| | - Mary Mamakeesick
- e Sandy Lake Health and Diabetes Project Sandy Lake , ON , Canada
| | - Thomas Wolever
- a Department of Nutritional Sciences University of Toronto , Toronto , ON , Canada
| | - Joel Gittelsohn
- f Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore , MD , USA
| | - Jonathon L Maguire
- g Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital , Toronto , ON , Canada
| | - Philip W Connelly
- g Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital , Toronto , ON , Canada
| | - Bernard Zinman
- h Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute Mount Sinai Hospital , Toronto , ON , Canada
| | - Anthony J Hanley
- a Department of Nutritional Sciences University of Toronto , Toronto , ON , Canada
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Glucose tolerance female-specific QTL mapped in collaborative cross mice. Mamm Genome 2016; 28:20-30. [PMID: 27807798 DOI: 10.1007/s00335-016-9667-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Type-2 diabetes (T2D) is a complex metabolic disease characterized by impaired glucose tolerance. Despite environmental high risk factors, host genetic background is a strong component of T2D development. Herein, novel highly genetically diverse strains of collaborative cross (CC) lines from mice were assessed to map quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with variations of glucose-tolerance response. In total, 501 mice of 58 CC lines were maintained on high-fat (42 % fat) diet for 12 weeks. Thereafter, an intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (IPGTT) was performed for 180 min. Subsequently, the values of Area under curve for the glucose at zero and 180 min (AUC0-180), were measured, and used for QTL mapping. Heritability and coefficient of variations in glucose tolerance (CVg) were calculated. One-way analysis of variation was significant (P < 0.001) for AUC0-180 between the CC lines as well between both sexes. Despite Significant variations for both sexes, QTL analysis was significant, only for females, reporting a significant female-sex-dependent QTL (~2.5 Mbp) associated with IPGTT AUC0-180 trait, located on Chromosome 8 (32-34.5 Mbp, containing 51 genes). Gene browse revealed QTL for body weight/size, genes involved in immune system, and two main protein-coding genes involved in the Glucose homeostasis, Mboat4 and Leprotl1. Heritability and coefficient of genetic variance (CVg) were 0.49 and 0.31 for females, while for males, these values 0.34 and 0.22, respectively. Our findings demonstrate the roles of genetic factors controlling glucose tolerance, which significantly differ between sexes requiring independent studies for females and males toward T2D prevention and therapy.
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Bordeleau S, Asselin H, Mazerolle MJ, Imbeau L. "Is it still safe to eat traditional food?" Addressing traditional food safety concerns in aboriginal communities. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 565:529-538. [PMID: 27196990 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.04.189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Food insecurity is a growing concern for indigenous communities worldwide. While the risk of heavy metal contamination associated to wild food consumption has been extensively studied in the Arctic, data are scarce for the Boreal zone. This study addressed the concerns over possible heavy metal exposure through consumption of traditional food in four Anishnaabeg communities living in the Eastern North American boreal forest. Liver and meat samples were obtained from 196 snowshoe hares (Lepus americanus) trapped during winter 2012 across the traditional lands of the participating communities and within 56-156km of a copper smelter. Interviews were conducted with 78 household heads to assess traditional food habits, focusing on snowshoe hare consumption. Concentrations in most meat and liver samples were below the detection limit for As, Co, Cr, Ni and Pb. Very few meat samples had detectable Cd and Hg concentrations, but liver samples had mean dry weight concentrations of 3.79mg/kg and 0.15mg/kg respectively. Distance and orientation from the smelter did not explain the variability between samples, but percent deciduous and mixed forest cover had a marginal negative effect on liver Cd, Cu and Zn concentrations. The estimated exposition risk from snowshoe hare consumption was low, although heavy consumers could slightly exceed recommended Hg doses. In accordance with the holistic perspective commonly adopted by indigenous people, the nutritional and sociocultural importance of traditional food must be considered in risk assessment. Traditional food plays a significant role in reducing and preventing serious health issues disproportionately affecting First Nations, such as obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serge Bordeleau
- Chaire de Recherche du Canada en Foresterie Autochtone, Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue, 445 boul. de l'Université, Rouyn-Noranda, Québec J9X 5E4, Canada; Chaire Industrielle CRSNG-UQAT-UQÀM en Aménagement Forestier Durable, Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue, 445 boul. de l'Université, Rouyn-Noranda, Québec J9X 5E4, Canada.
| | - Hugo Asselin
- Chaire de Recherche du Canada en Foresterie Autochtone, Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue, 445 boul. de l'Université, Rouyn-Noranda, Québec J9X 5E4, Canada; Chaire Industrielle CRSNG-UQAT-UQÀM en Aménagement Forestier Durable, Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue, 445 boul. de l'Université, Rouyn-Noranda, Québec J9X 5E4, Canada.
| | - Marc J Mazerolle
- Chaire Industrielle CRSNG-UQAT-UQÀM en Aménagement Forestier Durable, Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue, 445 boul. de l'Université, Rouyn-Noranda, Québec J9X 5E4, Canada.
| | - Louis Imbeau
- Chaire Industrielle CRSNG-UQAT-UQÀM en Aménagement Forestier Durable, Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue, 445 boul. de l'Université, Rouyn-Noranda, Québec J9X 5E4, Canada.
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Reeds J, Mansuri S, Mamakeesick M, Harris SB, Zinman B, Gittelsohn J, Wolever TMS, Connelly PW, Hanley A. Dietary Patterns and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in a First Nations Community. Can J Diabetes 2016; 40:304-10. [PMID: 27374251 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcjd.2016.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a growing concern worldwide, particularly in Indigenous communities, which have undergone a marked nutrition transition characterized by reduced intakes of traditional foods and increased intakes of market foods. Few studies have assessed the relationships between differing dietary patterns and risk for type 2 diabetes in Indigenous communities in Canada. The objective of the study was to characterize dietary patterns using factor analysis (FA) and to relate these patterns to the incidence of type 2 diabetes after 10 years of follow up in a First Nations community in Ontario, Canada. METHODS We conducted a prospective analysis of 492 participants in the SLHDP who did not have diabetes at baseline (1993 to 1995) and were followed for 10 years. A food-frequency questionnaire was administered, and FA was used to identify patterns of food consumption. Multivariate logistic regression analyses determined associations of food patterns with incident type 2 diabetes, adjusting for sociodemographic and lifestyle confounders. RESULTS At follow up, 86 participants had developed incident type 2 diabetes. FA revealed 3 prominent dietary patterns: Balanced Market Foods, Beef and Processed Foods and Traditional Foods. After adjustment for age, sex, waist circumference, interleukin-6 and adiponectin, the Beef and Processed Foods pattern was associated with increased risk for incident type 2 diabetes (OR=1.38; 95% CI 1.02, 1.86). In contrast, the Balanced Market Foods and Traditional Foods Patterns were not significantly associated with type 2 diabetes. CONCLUSIONS Dietary interventions should encourage reduced consumption of unhealthful market foods, in combination with improvements in local food environments so as to increase access to healthful foods and reduce food insecurity in Indigenous communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Reeds
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sudaba Mansuri
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mary Mamakeesick
- Sandy Lake Health and Diabetes Project, Sandy Lake, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stewart B Harris
- Centre for Studies in Family Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bernard Zinman
- Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joel Gittelsohn
- Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Thomas M S Wolever
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Keenan Research Centre of the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Phillip W Connelly
- Keenan Research Centre of the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anthony Hanley
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Sandy Lake Health and Diabetes Project, Sandy Lake, Ontario, Canada.
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Prevalence and risk factors of metabolic syndrome among an endangered tribal population in Malaysia using harmonized IDF criteria. Int J Diabetes Dev Ctries 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s13410-016-0487-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
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Just DR, Wansink B. Fast food, soft drink and candy intake is unrelated to body mass index for 95% of American adults. Obes Sci Pract 2015; 1:126-130. [PMID: 27774255 PMCID: PMC5063171 DOI: 10.1002/osp4.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Revised: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Excessive intake of fast food, soft drinks and candy are considered major factors leading to overweight and obesity. This article examines whether the epidemiological relationship between frequency of intake of these foods and body mass index (BMI) is driven by the extreme tails (+/−2 standard deviations). If so, a clinical recommendation to reduce frequency intake may have little relevance to 95% of the population. Methods Using 2007–2008 Centers for Disease Control's National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, the consumption incidence of targeted foods on two non‐continuous days was examined across discrete ranges of BMI. Data were analysed in 2011. Results After excluding the clinically underweight and morbidly obese, consumption incidence of fast food, soft drinks or candy was not positively correlated with measures of BMI. This was true for sweet snacks (r = 0.005, p = <0.001) and salty snacks (r = 0.001, p = 0.040). No significant variation was found between BMI subcategories in weekly consumption frequency of fast food meals. Conclusions For 95% of this study's sample, the association between the intake frequency of fast food, soft drinks and candy and BMI was negative. This result suggests that a strategy that focuses solely on these problem foods may be ineffective in reducing weight. Reducing the total calories of food eaten at home and the frequency of snacking may be more successful dieting advice for the majority of individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- David R Just
- Charles H. Dyson School of Applied Economics and Management Cornell University Ithaca NY USA
| | - Brian Wansink
- Charles H. Dyson School of Applied Economics and Management Cornell University Ithaca NY USA
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Nugrahedi PY, Hantoro I, Verkerk R, Dekker M, Steenbekkers B. Practices and health perception of preparation ofBrassicavegetables: translating survey data to technological and nutritional implications. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2015; 66:633-41. [DOI: 10.3109/09637486.2015.1064868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Yeates K, Lohfeld L, Sleeth J, Morales F, Rajkotia Y, Ogedegbe O. A Global Perspective on Cardiovascular Disease in Vulnerable Populations. Can J Cardiol 2015; 31:1081-93. [PMID: 26321432 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2015.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Revised: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major contributor to the growing public health epidemic in chronic diseases. Much of the disease and disability burden from CVDs are in people younger than the age of 70 years in low- and middle-income countries, formerly "the developing world." The risk of CVD is heavily influenced by environmental conditions and lifestyle variables. In this article we review the scope of the CVD problem in low- and middle-income countries, including economic factors, risk factors, at-risk groups, and explanatory frameworks that hypothesize the multifactorial drivers. Finally, we discuss current and potential interventions to reduce the burden of CVD in vulnerable populations including research needed to evaluate and implement promising solutions for those most at risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Yeates
- Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Lynne Lohfeld
- McMaster University, Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jessica Sleeth
- Office of Global Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Fernando Morales
- ICAP at Columbia University, Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York
| | | | - Olugbenga Ogedegbe
- Division of Health an Behavior, Center for Healthful Behavior Change, College of Global Public Health, Center for Healthful Behavior Change, New York University, Langone Medical Center, New York, New York
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Jonasson ME, Wicklow BA, Sellers EAC, Dolinsky VW, Doucette CA. Exploring the role of the HNF-1αG319S polymorphism in β cell failure and youth-onset type 2 diabetes: Lessons from MODY and Hnf-1α-deficient animal models. Biochem Cell Biol 2015; 93:487-94. [PMID: 26176428 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2015-0021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of youth-onset type 2 diabetes (T2D) is rapidly increasing worldwide, disproportionately affecting Indigenous youth with Oji-Cree heritage from central Canada. Candidate gene screening has uncovered a novel and private polymorphism in the Oji-Cree population in the hepatocyte nuclear factor-1 alpha (HNF-1α) gene, where a highly conserved glycine residue at position 319 is changed to a serine (termed HNF-1αG319S or simply G319S). Oji-Cree youth who carry one or two copies of the "S-allele" present at diagnosis with less obesity, reduced indicators of insulin resistance, and lower plasma insulin levels at diagnosis, suggestive of a primary defect in the insulin-secreting β cells. Few studies on the impact of the HNF-1αG319S variant on β cell function have been performed to date; however, much can be learned from other clinical phenotypes of HNF-1α-deficiency, including HNF-1α mutations that cause maturity-onset diabetes of the young 3 (MODY3). In addition, evaluation of Hnf-1α-deficient murine models reveals that HNF-1α plays a central role in the regulation of insulin secretion by regulating the expression of key genes involved in β cell glucose-sensing, mitochondrial function, and the maintenance of the β cell phenotype in differentiated β cells. The overall goal of this minireview is to explore the impact of HNF-1α-deficiency on the β cell to better inform future research into the mechanisms of β cell dysfunction in Oji-Cree youth with T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael E Jonasson
- d Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, 715 McDermot Avenue, Winnipeg MB R3E 3P4, Canada
| | - Brandy A Wicklow
- b Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Manitoba, CE-208 Childrens Hospital, 840 Sherbrook Street, Health Sciences Centre, Winnipeg, MB R3A 1S1, Canada.,d Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, 715 McDermot Avenue, Winnipeg MB R3E 3P4, Canada
| | - Elizabeth A C Sellers
- b Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Manitoba, CE-208 Childrens Hospital, 840 Sherbrook Street, Health Sciences Centre, Winnipeg, MB R3A 1S1, Canada.,d Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, 715 McDermot Avenue, Winnipeg MB R3E 3P4, Canada
| | - Vernon W Dolinsky
- c Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, A203 Chown Bldg., 753 McDermot Avenue, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0T6, Canada.,d Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, 715 McDermot Avenue, Winnipeg MB R3E 3P4, Canada
| | - Christine A Doucette
- a College of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Physiology & Pathophysiology, 432 Basic Medical Sciences Building, 745 Bannatyne Avenue, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada.,d Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, 715 McDermot Avenue, Winnipeg MB R3E 3P4, Canada
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Moschonis G, Tsoutsoulopoulou K, Efstathopoulou E, Tsirigoti L, Lambrinou CP, Georgiou A, Filippou C, Lidoriki I, Reppas K, Androutsos O, Lionis C, Chrousos GP, Manios Y. Conceptual framework of a simplified multi-dimensional model presenting the environmental and personal determinants of cardiometabolic risk behaviors in childhood. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 2015; 13:673-92. [PMID: 25926102 DOI: 10.1586/14779072.2015.1039992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Clinical manifestations of cardiometabolic risk (CMR) may be set early in childhood due to unfavorable behaviors or lifestyle patterns related to diet and physical activity. Several factors may determine the adoption of such lifestyle-related behaviors, which researchers have tried to cluster under certain frameworks or models. In this context, the framework developed and proposed by this review gathers all the present knowledge regarding these determining factors to date and groups them into three main categories related to personal characteristics and the social and physical environment. Based on the proposed framework, a large variety of personal, social and physical environmental factors can positively or negatively influence CMR-related behaviors (either directly or indirectly via their interrelations), thus leading to decreased or increased risk, respectively. This framework could be of great value to public health policy makers and legislators for designing and implementing interventional programs tailored to the needs of susceptible population groups who are most in need for such initiatives. Targeting the correlates as potential determinants of CMR-related behaviors, and not just on the behaviors themselves, has been shown previously to be the most effective approach for tackling health issues related to CMR starting from early life stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Moschonis
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, 70, El. Venizelou ave. 17671, Kallithea, Athens, Greece
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Castro MAD, Baltar VT, Selem SSDC, Marchioni DML, Fisberg RM. Empirically derived dietary patterns: interpretability and construct validity according to different factor rotation methods. CAD SAUDE PUBLICA 2015; 31:298-310. [DOI: 10.1590/0102-311x00070814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2014] [Accepted: 09/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of factor rotation methods on interpretability and construct validity of dietary patterns derived in a representative sample of 1,102 Brazilian adults. Dietary patterns were derived from exploratory factor analysis. Orthogonal (varimax) and oblique rotations (promax, direct oblimin) were applied. Confirmatory factor analysis assessed construct validity of the dietary patterns derived according to two factor loading cut-offs (≥ |0.20| and ≥ |0.25|). Goodness-of-fit indexes assessed the model fit. Differences in composition and in interpretability of the first pattern were observed between varimax and promax/oblimin at cut-off ≥ |0.20|. At cut-off ≥ |0.25|, these differences were no longer observed. None of the patterns derived at cut-off ≥ |0.20| showed acceptable model fit. At cut-off ≥ |0.25|, the promax rotation produced the best model fit. The effects of factor rotation on dietary patterns differed according to the factor loading cut-off used in exploratory factor analysis.
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Trude ACB, Kharmats A, Jock B, Liu D, Lee K, Martins PA, Pardilla M, Swartz J, Gittelsohn J. Patterns of Food Consumption are Associated with Obesity, Self-Reported Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease in Five American Indian Communities. Ecol Food Nutr 2015; 54:437-54. [PMID: 26036617 DOI: 10.1080/03670244.2014.922070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The relationship between dietary patterns and chronic disease is underexplored in indigenous populations. We assessed diets of 424 American Indian (AI) adults living in 5 rural AI communities. We identified four food patterns. Increased prevalence for cardiovascular disease was highly associated with the consumption of unhealthy snacks and high fat-food patterns (OR 3.6, CI=1.06, 12.3; and OR 6.0, CI=1.63, 22.1), respectively. Moreover, the food-consumption pattern appeared to be different by community setting (p<.05). We recommend culturally appropriate community-intervention programs to promote healthy behavior and to prevent diet-related chronic diseases in this high-risk population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela C B Trude
- Center for Human Nutrition, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health,, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Johnson-Down L, Labonte ME, Martin ID, Tsuji LJS, Nieboer E, Dewailly E, Egeland G, Lucas M. Quality of diet is associated with insulin resistance in the Cree (Eeyouch) indigenous population of northern Québec. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2015; 25:85-92. [PMID: 25240691 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2014.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2014] [Revised: 08/07/2014] [Accepted: 08/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Indigenous people worldwide have a greater disease burden than their non-aboriginal counterparts with health challenges that include increased obesity and higher prevalence of diabetes. We investigate the relationships of dietary patterns with nutritional biomarkers, selected environmental contaminants and measures of insulin resistance in the Cree (Eeyouch) of northern Québec Canada. METHODS AND RESULTS The cross-sectional 'Nituuchischaayihitaau Aschii: A Multi-Community Environment-and-Health Study in Eeyou Istchee' recruited 835 adult participants (≥18 y) from 7 communities in the James Bay region of northern Québec. The three dietary patterns identified by principal component analysis (PCA) were: inland and coastal patterns with loadings on traditional foods, and a junk food pattern with high-fat and high-sugar foods. We investigated dietary patterns scores (in quantiles) in relation with nutritional biomarkers, environmental contaminants, anthropometry, blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose and insulin, and insulin resistance. Homeostatic model assessment (HOMA-IR) was used as surrogate markers of insulin resistance. ANCOVA ascertained relationships between dietary patterns relationship and outcomes. Greater scores for the traditional patterns were associated with higher levels of n-3 fatty acids, mercury and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) (P trend <0.001). Higher scores for the junk food pattern were associated with lower levels of PCBs and Vitamin D, but higher fasting plasma insulin and HOMA-IR. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that poor diet quality accompanied greater insulin resistance. Impacts of diet quality on insulin resistance, as a sign of metabolism perturbation, deserve more attention in this indigenous population with high rates of obesity and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Johnson-Down
- Centre for Indigenous Peoples' Nutrition and Environment, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; School of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | - M E Labonte
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - I D Martin
- Environment and Resource Studies, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - L J S Tsuji
- Environment and Resource Studies, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - E Nieboer
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - E Dewailly
- Department of Social & Preventive Medicine, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada; Population Health and Optimal Health Practices Research Unit, CHU de Québec Research Centre, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - G Egeland
- Centre for Indigenous Peoples' Nutrition and Environment, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; School of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, Norway
| | - M Lucas
- Department of Social & Preventive Medicine, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada; Population Health and Optimal Health Practices Research Unit, CHU de Québec Research Centre, Québec, QC, Canada
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Kolahdooz F, Pakseresht M, Mead E, Beck L, Corriveau A, Sharma S. Impact of the Healthy Foods North nutrition intervention program on Inuit and Inuvialuit food consumption and preparation methods in Canadian Arctic communities. Nutr J 2014; 13:68. [PMID: 24993180 PMCID: PMC4105507 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2891-13-68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2013] [Accepted: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The 12-month Healthy Foods North intervention program was developed to improve diet among Inuit and Inuvialuit living in Arctic Canada and assess the impact of the intervention established for the communities. Methods A quasi-experimental study randomly selected men and women (≥19 years of age) in six remote communities in Nunavut and the Northwest Territories. Validated quantitative food frequency and adult impact questionnaires were used. Four communities received the intervention and two communities served as delayed intervention controls. Pre- and post-intervention changes in frequency of/total intake of de-promoted food groups and healthiness of cooking methods were determined. The impact of the intervention was assessed using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). Results Post-intervention data were analysed in the intervention (n = 221) and control (n = 111) communities, with participant retention rates of 91% for Nunavut and 83% for the Northwest Territories. There was a significant decrease in de-promoted foods, such as high fat meats (−27.9 g) and high fat dairy products (−19.8 g) among intervention communities (all p ≤ 0.05). The use of healthier preparation methods significantly increased (14.7%) in intervention communities relative to control communities. Conclusions This study highlights the importance of using a community-based, multi-institutional nutrition intervention program to decrease the consumption of unhealthy foods and the use of unhealthy food preparation methods.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Sangita Sharma
- Aboriginal and Global Health Research Group, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Unit 5-10, University Terrace, 8303-112 Street, Edmonton, AB T6G 2T4, Canada.
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Changes in food intake patterns associated with body weight loss during a 12-week health promotion program and a 9-month follow-up period in a Japanese population. Obes Res Clin Pract 2013; 3:I-II. [PMID: 24345562 DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2008.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2008] [Revised: 12/18/2008] [Accepted: 12/23/2008] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARY Recently, food intake pattern analysis associated with body weight has been conducted instead of traditional dietary analysis focusing on a single nutrient or food group, but there have been few studies examining the association between change in food intake patterns and body weight loss. In this study, short- and long-term relationships between changes in food intake patterns and body weight loss were examined. Subjects were 506 overweight/obese men and women who participated in a 12-week health promotion program and a follow-up check 9 months later. Diet was assessed with a FFQ and food intake patterns named "Plant foods and seafood" and "Sweets, meats, dairy products and alcohol" were derived by cluster analysis using the intake of 17 food groups at the baseline. During the program, body weight loss of the subjects changed pattern from "Sweets, meats, dairy products and alcohol" to "Plant foods and seafood" (SP group) was significantly larger than that of the subjects who showed an opposite pattern change (PS group) or the subjects who maintained "Sweets, meats, dairy products and alcohol" pattern after adjusting for age, sex, body weight at the baseline, changes in energy intake and exercise habit. Body weight loss of the SP group was also significantly greater than that of the PS group during the follow-up period. Changes in food intake patterns were related to body weight loss and changing the pattern from "Sweets, meats, dairy products and alcohol" to "Plant foods and seafood" was most effective for short- and long-term body weight loss.:
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Dietary practices in isolated First Nations communities of northern Canada: combined isotopic and lipid markers provide a good qualitative assessment of store-bought vs locally harvested foods consumption. Nutr Diabetes 2013; 3:e92. [PMID: 24145576 PMCID: PMC3817348 DOI: 10.1038/nutd.2013.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2013] [Revised: 07/26/2013] [Accepted: 09/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: In First Nations communities of northwestern Ontario, where rates of type 2 diabetes mellitus are some of the highest in the world, ascertaining wild food dietary practices is extremely challenging owing to seasonal availability, environmental factors, life circumstances and language/cultural barriers. The purpose of this study was to determine whether analysis of isotopic and fatty acid (FA) profiles could provide more comprehensive information to discriminate between three categories of wild food consumption (that is, plants and animals) in two isolated First Nations communities of northwestern Ontario. In addition, this analysis also highlights whether wild food consumption as practiced in these two communities can increase circulating levels of polyunsaturated FAs (PUFAs), which provide a number of important metabolic benefits that could impact the prevention/treatment of T2DM. RESULTS: 13C enrichment (in expired CO2, plasma and hair), 15N enrichment (in hair) and FA profiles in plasma phospholipids (phospholipid fatty acid (PL-FA)) were quantified in men and in women consuming various amounts of wild food. 13C/12C ratios were lower and 15N/14N ratios were higher in participants consuming wild food at least once a week. In addition, FA results indicated that the relative contributions of 20:4 Ω-6 and 22:6 Ω-3 to total PL-FAs were higher and 18:2 Ω-6 lower in wild food consumers. CONCLUSION: Together, these findings confirm that isotopic and lipid markers discriminate between the different wild food categories in these two First Nations communities. Knowing the close relationship between dietary intake and the potential role of PUFA in the prevention/treatment of obesity and obesity-related diseases, it is critical to accurately measure the composition of diet for individuals in their specific environments.
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Relation of the Mediterranean diet with the incidence of gestational diabetes. Eur J Clin Nutr 2013; 68:8-13. [PMID: 24084515 DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2013.177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2013] [Revised: 08/20/2013] [Accepted: 08/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Some studies document relationships of the incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) with individual components of the diet, but studies exploring relationships with patterns of eating are lacking. This observational study aimed to explore a possible relationship between the incidence of GDM and the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) pattern of eating. SUBJECTS/METHODS In 10 Mediterranean countries, 1076 consecutive pregnant women underwent a 75-g OGTT at the 24th-32nd week of gestation, interpreted both by the ADA_2010 and the International Association of the Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups (IADPSG)_2012 criteria. The dietary habits were assessed by a previously validated questionnaire and a Mediterranean Diet Index (MDI) was computed, reflecting the degree of adherence to the MedDiet pattern of eating: a higher MDI denoting better adherence. RESULTS After adjustment for age, BMI, diabetes in the family, weight gain and energy intake, subjects with GDM, by either criterion, had lower MDI (ADA_2010, 5.8 vs 6.3, P=0.028; IADPSG_2012, 5.9 vs 6.4, P<0.001). Moreover, the incidence of GDM was lower in subjects with better adherence to the MedDiet (higher tertile of MDI distribution), 8.0% vs 12.3%, OR=0.618, P=0.030 by ADA_2010 and 24.3% vs 32.8%, OR=0.655, P=0.004 by IADPSG_2012 criteria. In subjects without GDM, MDI was negatively correlated with both fasting plasma glucose and AUC glucose, P<0.001 for both. CONCLUSIONS Adherence to a MedDiet pattern of eating is associated with lower incidence of GDM and better degree of glucose tolerance, even in women without GDM. The possibility to use MedDiet for the prevention of GDM deserves further testing with intervention studies.
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Gittelsohn J, Kim EM, He S, Pardilla M. A food store-based environmental intervention is associated with reduced BMI and improved psychosocial factors and food-related behaviors on the Navajo nation. J Nutr 2013; 143:1494-500. [PMID: 23864511 PMCID: PMC4083230 DOI: 10.3945/jn.112.165266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity is significantly higher among American Indians (AIs) and is associated with increased rates of diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease. We implemented a 14-mo intervention trial (Navajo Healthy Stores) on the Navajo Nation that sought to increase availability of healthier foods in local food stores and to promote these foods at the point of purchase and through community media. We divided the Navajo Nation into 10 store regions, half of which were randomized to intervention and half to comparison. We evaluated the program by using a pre-post sample of systematically sampled adult Navajo consumers (baseline, n = 276; postintervention, n = 145). Intervention impact was examined by analyzing pre-post differences by intervention group and by intervention exposure level. When intervention and comparison groups were compared, only body mass index (BMI) showed a trend toward impact of the intervention (P = 0.06). However, greater exposure to the intervention was associated with significantly reduced BMI (P ≤ 0.05) and improved healthy food intentions (P ≤ 0.01), healthy cooking methods (P ≤ 0.05), and healthy food getting (P ≤ 0.01). With increasing exposure, the odds of improving overweight or obese status was 5.02 (95% CI: 1.48, 16.99; P ≤ 0.01) times the odds of maintaining or worsening overweight or obese status. In summary, a food store intervention was associated with reduced overweight/obesity and improved obesity-related psychosocial and behavioral factors among those persons most exposed to the intervention on an AI reservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Gittelsohn
- Center for Human Nutrition, Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Effect of skipping breakfast on subsequent energy intake. Physiol Behav 2013; 119:9-16. [PMID: 23672851 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2013.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2012] [Accepted: 05/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The objective was to examine the effect of consuming breakfast on subsequent energy intake. Participants who habitually ate breakfast and those who skipped breakfast were recruited for two studies. Using a randomized crossover design, the first study examined the effect of having participants consume either (a) no breakfast, (b) a high carbohydrate breakfast (335 kcals), or (c) a high fiber breakfast (360 kcals) on three occasions and measured ad libitum intake at lunch. The second study again used a randomized crossover design but with a larger, normal carbohydrate breakfast consumed ad libtum. Intake averaged 624 kcals and subsequent food intake was measured throughout the day. Participants ate only foods served from the Cornell Human Metabolic Research Unit where all foods were weighed before and after consumption. In the first study, neither eating breakfast nor the kind of breakfast consumed had an effect on the amount consumed at lunch despite a reduction in hunger ratings. In the second study, intake at lunch as well as hunger ratings were significantly increased after skipping breakfast (by 144 kcal), leaving a net caloric deficit of 408 kcal by the end of the day. These data are consistent with published literature demonstrating that skipping a meal does not result in accurate energy compensation at subsequent meals and suggests that skipping breakfast may be an effective means to reduce daily energy intake in some adults.
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Völgyi E, Carroll KN, Hare ME, Ringwald-Smith K, Piyathilake C, Yoo W, Tylavsky FA. Dietary patterns in pregnancy and effects on nutrient intake in the Mid-South: the Conditions Affecting Neurocognitive Development and Learning in Early Childhood (CANDLE) study. Nutrients 2013; 5:1511-30. [PMID: 23645026 PMCID: PMC3708333 DOI: 10.3390/nu5051511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2013] [Revised: 04/12/2013] [Accepted: 04/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary patterns are sensitive to differences across socio-economic strata or cultural habits and may impact programing of diseases in later life. The purpose of this study was to identify distinct dietary patterns during pregnancy in the Mid-South using factor analysis. Furthermore, we aimed to analyze the differences in the food groups and in macro- and micronutrients among the different food patterns. The study was a cross-sectional analysis of 1155 pregnant women (mean age 26.5 ± 5.4 years; 62% African American, 35% Caucasian, 3% Other; and pre-pregnancy BMI 27.6 ± 7.5 kg/m(2)). Using food frequency questionnaire data collected from participants in the Conditions Affecting Neurocognitive Development and Learning in Early Childhood (CANDLE) study between 16 and 28 weeks of gestation, dietary patterns were identified using factor analysis. Three major dietary patterns, namely, Healthy, Processed, and US Southern were identified among pregnant women from the Mid-South. Further analysis of the three main patterns revealed four mixed dietary patterns, i.e., Healthy-Processed, Healthy-US Southern, Processed-US Southern, and overall Mixed. These dietary patterns were different (p < 0.001) from each other in almost all the food items, macro- and micro nutrients and aligned across socioeconomic and racial groups. Our study describes unique dietary patterns in the Mid-South, consumed by a cohort of women enrolled in a prospective study examining the association of maternal nutritional factors during pregnancy that are known to affect brain and cognitive development by age 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eszter Völgyi
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 66 N. Pauline, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; E-Mails: (E.V.); (M.E.H.); (W.Y.)
| | - Kecia N. Carroll
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2200 Children’s Way, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; E-Mail:
| | - Marion E. Hare
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 66 N. Pauline, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; E-Mails: (E.V.); (M.E.H.); (W.Y.)
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 50 N. Dunlap, Memphis, TN 38103, USA
| | - Karen Ringwald-Smith
- St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA; E-Mail:
| | - Chandrika Piyathilake
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 326 Webb Nutrition Sciences Building, 1675 University Blvd., AL 35294, USA; E-Mail:
| | - Wonsuk Yoo
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 66 N. Pauline, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; E-Mails: (E.V.); (M.E.H.); (W.Y.)
| | - Frances A. Tylavsky
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 66 N. Pauline, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; E-Mails: (E.V.); (M.E.H.); (W.Y.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +1-901-448-7341; Fax: +1-901-448-3770
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Diabetes, impaired fasting glucose, daily life activities, food and beverage consumption among Buddhist monks in Chanthaburi Province, Thailand. Int J Diabetes Dev Ctries 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s13410-012-0094-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Nanri A, Shimazu T, Takachi R, Ishihara J, Mizoue T, Noda M, Inoue M, Tsugane S. Dietary patterns and type 2 diabetes in Japanese men and women: the Japan Public Health Center-based Prospective Study. Eur J Clin Nutr 2012; 67:18-24. [PMID: 23093343 DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2012.171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE Dietary patterns in Western populations have been linked to type 2 diabetes, but the association of distinctive dietary patterns of Japanese population remains unclear. We prospectively investigated the association between dietary patterns and risk of developing type 2 diabetes among Japanese adults. SUBJECTS/METHODS Participants were 27, 816 men and 36,889 women aged 45-74 years who participated in the second survey of the Japan Public Health Center-based prospective study and had no history of diabetes. Dietary patterns were derived by using principal component analysis of the consumption of 134 food and beverage items ascertained by a food frequency questionnaire. Odds ratios of self-reported physician-diagnosed type 2 diabetes over 5 year were estimated using logistic regression analysis. RESULTS A total of 1194 new cases (692 men and 502 women) of type 2 diabetes were self-reported. We identified three dietary patterns: prudent, westernized and traditional Japanese patterns. Any dietary pattern was not significantly associated with type 2 diabetes risk after adjustment for covariates in both men and women. The multivariate-adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence interval) for type 2 diabetes for the highest versus lowest quartile of each dietary pattern score in men and women, respectively, were 0.93 (0.74-1.16) and 0.90 (0.69-1.16) for the prudent pattern, 1.15 (0.90-1.46) and 0.81 (0.61-1.08) for the westernized pattern, and 0.97 (0.74-1.27) and 0.87 (0.66-1.15) for the traditional pattern. CONCLUSIONS Although a small protective effect of the prudent dietary pattern cannot be excluded, dietary patterns may not be appreciably associated with type 2 diabetes risk in Japanese.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Nanri
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
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Johnson-Down LM, Egeland GM. How is nutrition transition affecting dietary adequacy in Eeyouch (Cree) adults of Northern Quebec, Canada? Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2012; 38:300-5. [PMID: 23537022 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2012-0167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Rapid development, including the building of hydroelectric projects and roads in remote areas of Northern Quebec, Canada, has led to concerns about the contamination of traditional foods (TF) and a transition to a diet characterized by increased commercial food intake. A cross-sectional study of 850 Cree adults, aged ≥19 years, from 7 of the 9 Eeyouch communities was conducted during the spring and summer seasons of 2005-2008. Anthropometric measures were collected. TF and dietary intake were assessed using food-frequency questionnaires (FFQs) and 24-h recalls. Obesity was high, with 77% of the women and 64% of the men classified as obese. Past-year TF consumption was 100%, and 41% of participants reported eating TF on the 24-h recall. TF intake as reported on both the FFQs and the 24-h recalls was higher in individuals aged >50 years of age and in men, relative to younger adults and women, respectively. TF consumption increased protein, vitamin D, iron, and magnesium in all individuals, and energy, cholesterol, magnesium, sodium, and zinc in men aged 19-50 years; it decreased vitamin C in men and women aged ≥51 years. Participants reported drinking a mean daily 0.78 ± 1.34 cans of soft drinks or other high-sugar beverages per day or 5.28% ± 8.92% of total energy. It is important to identify behaviours that are contributing to obesity and its health consequences in this population and to find culturally appropriate ways to promote the consumption of TF and to reduce the consumption of energy-dense and nutrient-poor beverages and food items.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise M Johnson-Down
- a Centre for Indigenous Peoples' Nutrition and Environment (CINE) and School of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, McGill University, Macdonald Campus, 21 111 Lakeshore Road, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada
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Borazon EQ, Villarino BJ, Magbuhat RMT, Sabandal ML. Relationship of PROP (6-n-propylthiouracil) taster status with body mass index, food preferences, and consumption of Filipino adolescents. Food Res Int 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2011.06.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Lazarou C, Panagiotakos D, Matalas AL. The role of diet in prevention and management of type 2 diabetes: implications for public health. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2012; 52:382-9. [PMID: 22369258 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2010.500258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this review is to examine the current scientific knowledge on the relationship between diet and Type 2 diabetes and consider further implications for public health. The review focuses on the main nutritional elements which have been identified as significant in the prevention and management of Type 2 diabetes. Research findings on the role of carbohydrate, fiber, alcohol, and individual fatty acids are discussed, while the role of specific micro-nutrients and the influence of obesity are comprehensively presented. The association between dietary habits and Type 2 diabetes etiology and management is also reviewed, in order to examine the positive effects of adherence to a healthy dietary pattern, including the plausible role of the Mediterranean diet.
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Fialkowski MK, Okoror TA, Boushey CJ. The relevancy of community-based methods: using diet within Native American and Alaska Native adult populations as an example. Clin Transl Sci 2012; 5:295-300. [PMID: 22686210 PMCID: PMC4407991 DOI: 10.1111/j.1752-8062.2011.00364.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The rates of obesity, diabetes, and heart disease in Native Americans and Alaska Natives far exceed that of the general US population. There are many postulating reasons for these excessive rates including the transition from a traditional to a contemporary diet. Although information on the dietary intakes of Native American and Alaska Native communities are limited, there seems to be a consensus that the Native American and Alaska Native diet is high in total fat, saturated fat, cholesterol, and sodium. Further information on the diet needs to be attained so that dietary interventions can effectively be implemented in these communities. An approach that is community based is proposed as the best solution to understanding the Native diet and developing culturally tailored interventions to sustainably improve diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie K. Fialkowski
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Titilayo A. Okoror
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Carol J. Boushey
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
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Bautista-Castaño I, Serra-Majem L. Relationship between bread consumption, body weight, and abdominal fat distribution: evidence from epidemiological studies. Nutr Rev 2012; 70:218-33. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1753-4887.2012.00454.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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Millar K, Dean HJ. Developmental origins of type 2 diabetes in aboriginal youth in Canada: it is more than diet and exercise. J Nutr Metab 2012; 2012:127452. [PMID: 22288007 PMCID: PMC3263630 DOI: 10.1155/2012/127452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2011] [Accepted: 11/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is classically viewed as a disease of adults caused by poor nutrition, physical inactivity, and obesity. However, with increasing awareness of the heterogeneity of T2DM, new risk factors are being identified that add complexity. Some of these new risk factors have been identified in Canadian people with Aboriginal Oji-Cree heritage, a group that demonstrates one of the highest rates of T2DM in the world. This high prevalence may be due to the rapid change, over the past 50 years, away from their traditional way of life on the land. Another environmental change is the increased rate of pregnancies complicated by obesity, gestational diabetes, or T2DM, resulting in more children being exposed to an abnormal intrauterine environment. Furthermore, the Oji-Cree of central Canada possesses the unique HNF-1α G319S polymorphism associated with reduced insulin secretion. We propose that intrauterine exposure to maternal obesity and T2DM, associated with the HNF-1α G319S polymorphism, results in fetal programming that accelerates the progression of early-onset T2DM. This paper describes the evolution of T2DM in children with a focus on the Oji-Cree people over the past 25 years and the unique prenatal and postnatal gene-environment interaction causing early-onset T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle Millar
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada R3E 0Z2
| | - Heather J. Dean
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada R3E 0Z2
- Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada R3E 0Z2
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Dietary patterns are associated with cardiometabolic risk factors in a representative study population of German adults. Br J Nutr 2011; 106:1253-62. [DOI: 10.1017/s0007114511001504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Studies that investigated complex actual eating behaviours of the general population and their relation to cardiometabolic risk markers are sparse. We aimed to identify dietary patterns within a nationally representative sample of 4025 German adults by factor analysis based on validated dietary history interviews. Furthermore, we evaluated associations of the derived dietary patterns with abnormalities clustered within the metabolic syndrome and related metabolic markers by logistic regression models and ANCOVA. A high adherence to the ‘processed foods’ pattern reflected a high intake of refined grains, processed meat, red meat, high-sugar beverages, eggs, potatoes, beer, sweets and cakes, snacks and butter, whereas a high adherence to the ‘health-conscious’ pattern represented a high intake of vegetables, vegetable oils, legumes, fruits, fish and whole grains. For subjects in the highest compared with those in the lowest quintile of the processed foods pattern, the occurrence of abdominal obesity was 88 (95 % CI 31, 169) % higher, hypertension was 34 (95 % CI − 4, 86) % higher, hypertriacylglycerolaemia was 59 (95 % CI 11, 128 ) % higher and the metabolic syndrome was 64 (95 % CI 10, 143) % higher when adjusted for age, sex, energy intake, socio-economic status, sport activity and smoking. Furthermore, subjects in the highest quintile had statistically significantly higher uric acid concentrations and lower folate concentrations (Pfor trend < 0·05). In contrast, subjects in the highest quintile of the health-conscious pattern had a 30 (95 % CI 10, 46) % lower occurrence of hypertension, higher folate concentrations and lower homocysteine and fibrinogen concentrations (Pfor trend < 0·05). These data strengthen the findings from non-representative studies and emphasise the importance of healthy overall food patterns for preventing metabolic disturbances.
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Obesity and type 2 diabetes in Northern Canada's remote First Nations communities: the dietary dilemma. Int J Obes (Lond) 2011; 34 Suppl 2:S24-31. [PMID: 21151143 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2010.236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
First Nations populations in Northwestern Ontario have undergone profound dietary and lifestyle transformations in less than 50 years, which have contributed to the alarming rise in obesity and obesity-related diseases, in particular type 2 diabetes mellitus. Even though the genetic background of First Nations peoples differs from that of the Caucasians, genetics alone cannot explain such a high prevalence in obesity and type 2 diabetes. Modifications in lifestyle and diet are major contributors for the high prevalence of chronic diseases. What remains constant in the literature is the persistent view that locally harvested and prepared foods are of tremendous value to First Nations peoples providing important health and cultural benefits that are increasingly being undermined by western-based food habits. However, the complexities of maintaining a traditional diet require a multifaceted approach, which acknowledges the relationship between benefits, risks and viability that cannot be achieved using purely conventional medical and biological approaches. This brief review explores the biological predispositions and potential environmental factors that contribute to the development of the high incidence of obesity and obesity-related diseases in First Nations communities in Northern Canada. It also highlights some of the complexities of establishing exact physiological causes and providing effective solutions.
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Mead E, Gittelsohn J, Roache C, Sharma S. Healthy food intentions and higher socioeconomic status are associated with healthier food choices in an Inuit population. J Hum Nutr Diet 2011; 23 Suppl 1:83-91. [PMID: 21158966 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-277x.2010.01094.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Changing food behaviours amongst Canadian Inuit may contribute to rising chronic disease prevalence, and research is needed to develop nutritional behaviour change programmes. The present study examined patterns of food acquisition and preparation behaviours amongst Inuit adults in Nunavut and associations with psychosocial and socioeconomic factors. METHODS Developed from behavioural theories and community workshops, Adult Impact Questionnaires were conducted with adult Inuit (≥19 years) from randomly selected households in three remote communities in Nunavut, Canada, to determine patterns of healthy food knowledge, self-efficacy and intentions, frequencies of healthy and unhealthy food acquisition and healthiness of preparation methods. Associations between these constructs with demographic and socioeconomic factors were analysed using multivariate linear regressions. RESULTS Amongst 266 participants [mean (SD) age 41.2 (13.6) years; response rates 69-93%], non-nutrient-dense foods were acquired a mean (SD) of 2.9 (2.3) times more frequently than nutrient-dense, and/or low sugar/fat foods. Participants tended to use preparation methods that add fat. Intentions to perform healthy dietary behaviours was inversely correlated with unhealthy food acquisition (β=-0.25, P<0.001), and positively associated with healthy food acquisition (β=0.22, P<0.001) and healthiness of preparation methods (β=0.15, P=0.012). Greater healthy food knowledge and self-efficacy were associated with intentions (β=0.21, P=0.003 and β=0.55, P<0.001, respectively). Self-efficacy was associated with healthier preparation (β=0.14, P=0.025) and less unhealthy food acquisition (β=-0.27, P<0.001), whilst knowledge was associated with acquiring healthy foods (β=0.13, P=0.035). Socioeconomic status was positively associated with healthy preparation and food acquisition behaviours. CONCLUSIONS Interventions to improve diet in Nunavut Inuit should target healthy food intentions, knowledge and self-efficacy. Behaviour change strategies emphasising economic benefits of a healthy diet should be employed to target individuals of low socioeconomic status.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Mead
- Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC, USA
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Osgood ND, Dyck RF, Grassmann WK. The inter- and intragenerational impact of gestational diabetes on the epidemic of type 2 diabetes. Am J Public Health 2011; 101:173-9. [PMID: 21148717 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2009.186890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We investigated the contribution of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) to the historic epidemic of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Saskatchewan. METHODS We constructed a population-level simulation model of the inter- and intragenerational interaction of GDM and T2DM for the period 1956 to 2006. The model was stratified by gender, ethnicity, and age; parameterized with primary and secondary data; and calibrated to match historic time series. Risk of diabetes was sigmoidally trended to capture exogenous factors. RESULTS Best-fit calibrations suggested GDM may be responsible for 19% to 30% of the cases of T2DM among Saskatchewan First Nations people, but only for approximately 6% of cases among other persons living in Saskatchewan. The estimated contribution of GDM to the growth in T2DM was highly sensitive to assumptions concerning the post-GDM risk of developing T2DM. CONCLUSIONS GDM may be an important driver for the T2DM epidemic in many subpopulations. Because GDM is a readily identifiable, preventable, and treatable condition, investments in prevention, rapid diagnosis, and evidence-based treatment of GDM in at-risk populations may offer substantial benefit in lowering the T2DM burden over many generations. Model-informed data collection can aid in assessing intervention tradeoffs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel D Osgood
- Department of Computer Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.
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Rock M. Figuring Out Type 2 Diabetes through Genetic Research: Reckoning Kinship and the Origins of Sickness. Anthropol Med 2010; 12:115-27. [DOI: 10.1080/13648470500139890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Mead E, Gittelsohn J, De Roose E, Sharma S. Important psychosocial factors to target in nutrition interventions to improve diet in Inuvialuit communities in the Canadian Arctic. J Hum Nutr Diet 2010; 23 Suppl 1:92-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-277x.2010.01095.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Johnson-Down L, Egeland GM. Adequate nutrient intakes are associated with traditional food consumption in nunavut inuit children aged 3-5 years. J Nutr 2010; 140:1311-6. [PMID: 20444949 DOI: 10.3945/jn.109.117887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary habits among Arctic preschoolers are unknown. A cross-sectional health survey of 388 Inuit, aged 3-5 y, was conducted in 16 communities in Canada's Nunavut Territory. Twenty-four-hour recall and FFQ with parents and primary caregivers quantified diet from market and traditional foods (TF). The Institute of Medicine's Dietary Reference Intakes estimated adequacy comparing intakes with Estimated Average Requirement or Adequate Intakes (AI). High-sugar and high-fat food and sugar beverage consumption and the extent to which dietary habits followed the Canadian Food Guide were evaluated. The children's mean age was 4.4 +/- 0.9 y and the mean BMI percentile was 90.2%. Consumption of nutrient-poor and energy-dense food and beverages contributed to 35% of energy. Most children met the requirements for many nutrients despite not eating the recommended servings from Eating Well with Canada's Food Guide First Nations, Inuit and Métis. Higher intake of TF resulted in higher intakes of cholesterol, vitamins A and D, iron, magnesium, and zinc. The percent above the AI for vitamin D was 43.1, 56.8, and 83.2% among no, low, and high TF consumers, respectively (chi2 test; P-trend < 0.0001). Dietary habits indicate a population at risk for overweight, obesity, and tooth decay. Interventions should encourage TF, including plant-based TF; healthy market food choices, including fruit and vegetables; and milk or alternative sources of vitamin D and calcium and discourage unhealthy market food choices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Johnson-Down
- Centre for Indigenous Peoples' Nutrition and Environment and School of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, McGill University, Macdonald Campus, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Québec, H9X 3V9 Canada
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