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Dushianthan A, Cusack R, Goss V, Koster G, Grocott MPW, Postle AD. In Vivo Cellular Phosphatidylcholine Kinetics of CD15+ Leucocytes and CD3+ T-Lymphocytes in Adults with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. Cells 2024; 13:332. [PMID: 38391944 PMCID: PMC10886962 DOI: 10.3390/cells13040332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Mammalian cell membranes composed of a mixture of glycerophospholipids, the relative composition of individual phospholipids and the dynamic flux vary between cells. In addition to their structural role, membrane phospholipids are involved in cellular signalling and immunomodulatory functions. In this study, we investigate the molecular membrane composition and dynamic flux of phosphatidylcholines in CD15+ leucocytes and CD3+ lymphocytes extracted from patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). We identified compositional variations between these cell types, where CD15+ cells had relatively higher quantities of alkyl-acyl PC species and CD3+ cells contained more arachidonoyl-PC species. There was a significant loss of arachidonoyl-PC in CD3+ cells in ARDS patients. Moreover, there were significant changes in PC composition and the methyl-D9 enrichment of individual molecular species in CD15+ cells from ARDS patients. This is the first study to perform an in vivo assessment of membrane composition and dynamic changes in immunological cells from ARDS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahilanandan Dushianthan
- Perioperative and Critical Care Theme, NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton SO16 6YD, Hampshire, UK; (R.C.); (G.K.); (M.P.W.G.); (A.D.P.)
- Integrative Physiology and Critical Illness Group, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, Hampshire, UK
| | - Rebecca Cusack
- Perioperative and Critical Care Theme, NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton SO16 6YD, Hampshire, UK; (R.C.); (G.K.); (M.P.W.G.); (A.D.P.)
- Integrative Physiology and Critical Illness Group, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, Hampshire, UK
| | - Victoria Goss
- Clinical Trials Unit, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton SO16 6YD, Hampshire, UK;
| | - Grielof Koster
- Perioperative and Critical Care Theme, NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton SO16 6YD, Hampshire, UK; (R.C.); (G.K.); (M.P.W.G.); (A.D.P.)
- Integrative Physiology and Critical Illness Group, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, Hampshire, UK
| | - Michael P. W. Grocott
- Perioperative and Critical Care Theme, NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton SO16 6YD, Hampshire, UK; (R.C.); (G.K.); (M.P.W.G.); (A.D.P.)
- Integrative Physiology and Critical Illness Group, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, Hampshire, UK
| | - Anthony D. Postle
- Perioperative and Critical Care Theme, NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton SO16 6YD, Hampshire, UK; (R.C.); (G.K.); (M.P.W.G.); (A.D.P.)
- Integrative Physiology and Critical Illness Group, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, Hampshire, UK
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Olejnik A, Gornowicz-Porowska J, Jenerowicz D, Polańska A, Dobrzyńska M, Przysławski J, Sansone A, Ferreri C. Fatty Acids Profile and the Relevance of Membranes as the Target of Nutrition-Based Strategies in Atopic Dermatitis: A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2023; 15:3857. [PMID: 37686888 PMCID: PMC10489657 DOI: 10.3390/nu15173857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, the prevalence of atopic dermatitis has increased drastically, especially in urban populations. This multifactorial skin disease is caused by complex interactions between various factors including genetics, environment, lifestyle, and diet. In eczema, apart from using an elimination diet, the adequate content of fatty acids from foods (saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated fatty acids) plays an important role as an immunomodulatory agent. Different aspects regarding atopic dermatitis include connections between lipid metabolism in atopic dermatitis, with the importance of the MUFA levels, as well as of the omega-6/omega-3 balance that affects the formation of long-chain (C20 eicosanoic and C22 docosaenoic) fatty acids and bioactive lipids from them (such as prostaglandins). Impair/repair of the functioning of epidermal barrier is influenced by these fatty acid levels. The purpose of this review is to drive attention to membrane fatty acid composition and its involvement as the target of fatty acid supplementation. The membrane-targeted strategy indicates the future direction for dermatological research regarding the use of nutritional synergies, in particular using red blood cell fatty acid profiles as a tool for checking the effects of supplementations to reach the target and influence the inflammatory/anti-inflammatory balance of lipid mediators. This knowledge gives the opportunity to develop personalized strategies to create a healthy balance by nutrition with an anti-inflammatory outcome in skin disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Olejnik
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614 Poznań, Poland;
- Centre for Advanced Technology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 10, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Justyna Gornowicz-Porowska
- Department and Division of Practical Cosmetology and Skin Diseases Prophylaxis, Poznan University of Medicinal Sciences, Rokietnicka 3, 60-806 Poznań, Poland
| | - Dorota Jenerowicz
- Department of Dermatology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Przybyszewskiego 49, 60-356 Poznań, Poland; (D.J.); (A.P.)
| | - Adriana Polańska
- Department of Dermatology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Przybyszewskiego 49, 60-356 Poznań, Poland; (D.J.); (A.P.)
| | - Małgorzata Dobrzyńska
- Department of Bromatology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnica 3, 60-806 Poznań, Poland; (M.D.); (J.P.)
| | - Juliusz Przysławski
- Department of Bromatology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnica 3, 60-806 Poznań, Poland; (M.D.); (J.P.)
| | - Anna Sansone
- Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattività, Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche, Via Piero Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Carla Ferreri
- Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattività, Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche, Via Piero Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy;
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D’Helft J, Caccialanza R, Derbyshire E, Maes M. Relevance of ω-6 GLA Added to ω-3 PUFAs Supplements for ADHD: A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14163273. [PMID: 36014778 PMCID: PMC9416383 DOI: 10.3390/nu14163273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of polyunsaturated fatty acids in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and developmental disorders has been gaining interest with preparations containing different dosages and combinations. Gamma-linolenic acid (GLA) is an ω-6 fatty acid of emerging interest with potential roles as an adjuvant anti-inflammatory agent that could be used with ω-3 PUFAs in the treatment of ADHD and associated symptoms. A narrative review was undertaken to examine the potential role(s) of the ω-6 fatty acid GLA. PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus were searched to examine the potential role(s) of the ω-6 fatty acid GLA as (1) an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent, (2) a synergistic nutrient when combined with ω-3 PUFAs, and (3) a potential etiological factor in ADHD and its treatment. The results show that GLA exerts anti-inflammatory effects by increasing dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid in immune cells. ω-3 PUFAs, such as EPA and DHA, are often co-administered with GLA because these ω-3 PUFAs may prevent the accumulation of serum arachidonic acid in response to GLA administration without limiting the storage of DGLA in immune cells. The administration of ω-3 PUFAs alone might not be sufficient to effectively treat patients with ADHD and developmental disorders. Overall studies point towards a combination of EPA and DHA with GLA in a 9:3:1 ratio appearing to be associated with ADHD symptom improvement. A combination of PUFAs may lead to better outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelle D’Helft
- Springfield Nutraceuticals, Managing Director, Research & Development, Veldenstraat 23, 2220 Heist-op-den-Berg, Belgium
| | - Riccardo Caccialanza
- Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Michael Maes
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
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4
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Wang L, Dong XL, Qin XM, Li ZY. Investigating the inter-individual variability of Astragali Radix against cisplatin-induced liver injury via 16S rRNA gene sequencing and LC/MS-based metabolomics. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 101:154107. [PMID: 35561503 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cisplatin (CDDP), one of the widely used chemotherapeutic drugs, can induce a series of side effects, such as hepatotoxicity and gastrointestinal toxicity. Astragali Radix (AR) is widely used as the tonic herbal medicine in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). However, there was no report about the hepatoprotective effect of AR against the cisplatin-induced hepatic damage. PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate the protective effect and potential mechanism of AR water extract against the cisplatin-induced liver injury. METHODS Cisplatin was utilized to induce the liver injury using ICR mice, and the protective effect of AR was evaluated by serum biochemistry indices and liver histopathology. Then UHPLC Q-TOF-MS/MS-based untargeted serum metabolomics approach combined with 16S rRNA-based microbiota analysis was used to explore the underlying biomarkers and mechanism about the liver-protective effect of AR. RESULTS AR could decrease the serum AST and ALT, ameliorate hepatic pathological damages caused by cisplatin. Serum metabolomics indicated AR could regulate the biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids, arachidonic acid metabolism, purine metabolism, and fatty acid biosynthesis. In addition, 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis showed that AR could regulate cisplatin-induced gut microbiota disorder, especially the inflammation-related bacteria (p_Deferribacteres, g_Enterococcus, and g_Alistipes, etc.), and the short chain fatty acids (SCFAs)-producing bacteria (g_Alloprevotella, g_Intestinimoas, and g_Flavonifractor). Moreover, 7 mice (AR-7) showed better liver protective effect than the other 3 mice (AR-3), and their regulatory effect on the gut microbiota and serum metabolites were also different, indicating the presence of inter-individual variability for the liver protective effect of AR. CONCLUSIONS This study revealed the protective effect and the potential mechanisms of AR against cisplatin-induced liver injury, and found that inter-individual variability of the liver protective effect of AR was related to the host microbiome and metabolome. These findings provided new insight into the health effect of dietary AR as a functional food for cisplatin-based chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Wang
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, the Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, No.92, Wucheng Road, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - Xian-Long Dong
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, the Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, No.92, Wucheng Road, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - Xue-Mei Qin
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, the Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, No.92, Wucheng Road, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - Zhen-Yu Li
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, the Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, No.92, Wucheng Road, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China.
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5
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Romero-Márquez JM, Varela-López A, Navarro-Hortal MD, Badillo-Carrasco A, Forbes-Hernández TY, Giampieri F, Domínguez I, Madrigal L, Battino M, Quiles JL. Molecular Interactions between Dietary Lipids and Bone Tissue during Aging. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126473. [PMID: 34204176 PMCID: PMC8233828 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-related bone disorders such as osteoporosis or osteoarthritis are a major public health problem due to the functional disability for millions of people worldwide. Furthermore, fractures are associated with a higher degree of morbidity and mortality in the long term, which generates greater financial and health costs. As the world population becomes older, the incidence of this type of disease increases and this effect seems notably greater in those countries that present a more westernized lifestyle. Thus, increased efforts are directed toward reducing risks that need to focus not only on the prevention of bone diseases, but also on the treatment of persons already afflicted. Evidence is accumulating that dietary lipids play an important role in bone health which results relevant to develop effective interventions for prevent bone diseases or alterations, especially in the elderly segment of the population. This review focuses on evidence about the effects of dietary lipids on bone health and describes possible mechanisms to explain how lipids act on bone metabolism during aging. Little work, however, has been accomplished in humans, so this is a challenge for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose M. Romero-Márquez
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology ‘‘José Mataix”, Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, Armilla, Avda. del Conocimiento s.n., 18100 Armilla, Spain; (J.M.R.-M.); (A.V.-L.); (M.D.N.-H.); (A.B.-C.)
| | - Alfonso Varela-López
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology ‘‘José Mataix”, Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, Armilla, Avda. del Conocimiento s.n., 18100 Armilla, Spain; (J.M.R.-M.); (A.V.-L.); (M.D.N.-H.); (A.B.-C.)
| | - María D. Navarro-Hortal
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology ‘‘José Mataix”, Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, Armilla, Avda. del Conocimiento s.n., 18100 Armilla, Spain; (J.M.R.-M.); (A.V.-L.); (M.D.N.-H.); (A.B.-C.)
| | - Alberto Badillo-Carrasco
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology ‘‘José Mataix”, Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, Armilla, Avda. del Conocimiento s.n., 18100 Armilla, Spain; (J.M.R.-M.); (A.V.-L.); (M.D.N.-H.); (A.B.-C.)
| | - Tamara Y. Forbes-Hernández
- Nutrition and Food Science Group, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, CITACA, CACTI, University of Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain;
| | - Francesca Giampieri
- Department of Clinical Sicences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (F.G.); (M.B.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Irma Domínguez
- Research Group on Foods, Nutritional Biochemistry and Health, Universidad Europea del Atlántico, Isabel Torres 21, 39011 Santander, Spain;
- Universidad Internacional Iberoamericana, Calle 15 Num. 36, Entre 10 y 12 IMI III, Campeche 24560, Mexico;
| | - Lorena Madrigal
- Universidad Internacional Iberoamericana, Calle 15 Num. 36, Entre 10 y 12 IMI III, Campeche 24560, Mexico;
| | - Maurizio Battino
- Department of Clinical Sicences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (F.G.); (M.B.)
- International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - José L. Quiles
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology ‘‘José Mataix”, Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, Armilla, Avda. del Conocimiento s.n., 18100 Armilla, Spain; (J.M.R.-M.); (A.V.-L.); (M.D.N.-H.); (A.B.-C.)
- Research Group on Foods, Nutritional Biochemistry and Health, Universidad Europea del Atlántico, Isabel Torres 21, 39011 Santander, Spain;
- Correspondence:
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Waehler R. Fatty acids: facts vs. fiction. INT J VITAM NUTR RES 2021:1-21. [PMID: 34041926 DOI: 10.1024/0300-9831/a000713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
During the last 100 years official dietary guidelines have recommended an increased consumption of fats derived from seeds while decreasing the consumption of traditional fats, especially saturated fats. These recommendations are being challenged by recent studies. Furthermore, the increased use of refining processes in fat production had deleterious health effects. Today, the number of high-quality studies on fatty acids is large enough to make useful recommendations on clinical application and everyday practice. Saturated fats have many beneficial functions and palmitic acid appears to be problematic only when it is synthesized due to excess fructose consumption. Trans fatty acids were shown to be harmful when they are manmade but beneficial when of natural origin. Conjugated linoleic acid has many benefits but the isomer mix that is available in supplement form differs from its natural origin and may better be avoided. The ω3 fatty acid linolenic acid has rather limited use as an anti-inflammatory agent - a fact that is frequently overlooked. On the other hand, the targeted use of long chain ω3 fatty acids based on blood analysis has great potential to supplement or even be an alternative to various pharmacological therapies. At the same time ω6 fatty acids like linoleic acid and arachidonic acid have important physiological functions and should not be avoided but their consumption needs to be balanced with long chain ω3 fatty acids. The quality and quantity of these fats together with appropriate antioxidative protection are critical for their positive health effects.
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Sainz T, Gosalbes MJ, Talavera A, Jimenez-Hernandez N, Prieto L, Escosa L, Guillén S, Ramos JT, Muñoz-Fernández MÁ, Moya A, Navarro ML, Mellado MJ, Serrano-Villar S. Effect of a Nutritional Intervention on the Intestinal Microbiota of Vertically HIV-Infected Children: The Pediabiota Study. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12072112. [PMID: 32708743 PMCID: PMC7400861 DOI: 10.3390/nu12072112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS The gut microbiota exerts a critical influence in the immune system. The gut microbiota of human virus immunodeficiency (HIV)-infected children remains barely explored. We aimed to characterize the fecal microbiota in vertically HIV-infected children and to explore the effects of its modulation with a symbiotic nutritional intervention. METHODS a pilot, double blind, randomized placebo-controlled study including HIV-infected children who were randomized to receive a nutritional supplementation including prebiotics and probiotics or placebo for four weeks. HIV-uninfected siblings were recruited as controls. The V3-V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene was sequenced in fecal samples. RESULTS 22 HIV-infected children on antiretroviral therapy (ART) and with viral load (VL) <50/mL completed the follow-up period. Mean age was 11.4 ± 3.4 years, eight (32%) were male. Their microbiota showed reduced alpha diversity compared to controls and distinct beta diversity at the genus level (Adonis p = 0.042). Patients showed decreased abundance of commensals Faecalibacterium and an increase in Prevotella, Akkermansia and Escherichia. The nutritional intervention shaped the microbiota towards the control group, without a clear directionality. CONCLUSIONS Vertical HIV infection is characterized by changes in gut microbiota structure, distinct at the compositional level from the findings reported in adults. A short nutritional intervention attenuated bacterial dysbiosis, without clear changes at the community level. SUMMARY In a group of 24 vertically HIV-infected children, in comparison to 11 uninfected controls, intestinal dysbiosis was observed despite effective ART. Although not fully effective to restore the microbiota, a short intervention with pre/probiotics attenuated bacterial dysbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talía Sainz
- Servicio de Pediatría, Hospital Universitario La Paz and IdiPAZ, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (L.E.); (M.J.M.)
- Red de Investigación CoRISpe integrada en la Red en Infectología Pediátrica (RITIP), 28046 Madrid, Spain; (L.P.); (S.G.); (J.T.R.); (M.L.N.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-917277201
| | - María José Gosalbes
- Área Genómica y Salud, Fundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica (FISABIO), 46010 Valencia, Spain; (M.J.G.); (N.J.-H.); (A.M.)
- CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alba Talavera
- Bioinformatics Unit, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal and IRYCIS, 28034 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Nuria Jimenez-Hernandez
- Área Genómica y Salud, Fundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica (FISABIO), 46010 Valencia, Spain; (M.J.G.); (N.J.-H.); (A.M.)
- CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Prieto
- Red de Investigación CoRISpe integrada en la Red en Infectología Pediátrica (RITIP), 28046 Madrid, Spain; (L.P.); (S.G.); (J.T.R.); (M.L.N.)
- Servicio de Pediatría, Hospital 12 de Octubre and I+12, 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Escosa
- Servicio de Pediatría, Hospital Universitario La Paz and IdiPAZ, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (L.E.); (M.J.M.)
- Red de Investigación CoRISpe integrada en la Red en Infectología Pediátrica (RITIP), 28046 Madrid, Spain; (L.P.); (S.G.); (J.T.R.); (M.L.N.)
| | - Sara Guillén
- Red de Investigación CoRISpe integrada en la Red en Infectología Pediátrica (RITIP), 28046 Madrid, Spain; (L.P.); (S.G.); (J.T.R.); (M.L.N.)
- Servicio de Pediatría, Hospital de Getafe, 28901 Madrid, Spain
| | - José Tomás Ramos
- Red de Investigación CoRISpe integrada en la Red en Infectología Pediátrica (RITIP), 28046 Madrid, Spain; (L.P.); (S.G.); (J.T.R.); (M.L.N.)
- Spain Servicio de Pediatría, Hospital Clinico San Carlos and UCM, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Ángeles Muñoz-Fernández
- Laboratorio InmunoBiología Molecular, Sección Inmunología, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón and Spanish HIV HGM BioBank, Madrid Spain, Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 28007 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Andrés Moya
- Área Genómica y Salud, Fundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica (FISABIO), 46010 Valencia, Spain; (M.J.G.); (N.J.-H.); (A.M.)
- CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Biología Integrativa de Sistemas, Universidad de Valencia, 46003 Valencia, Spain
| | - Maria Luisa Navarro
- Red de Investigación CoRISpe integrada en la Red en Infectología Pediátrica (RITIP), 28046 Madrid, Spain; (L.P.); (S.G.); (J.T.R.); (M.L.N.)
- Servicio de Pediatría, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, 28007 Madrid, Spain
| | - María José Mellado
- Servicio de Pediatría, Hospital Universitario La Paz and IdiPAZ, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (L.E.); (M.J.M.)
- Red de Investigación CoRISpe integrada en la Red en Infectología Pediátrica (RITIP), 28046 Madrid, Spain; (L.P.); (S.G.); (J.T.R.); (M.L.N.)
| | - Sergio Serrano-Villar
- Servicio de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal and IRYCIS, 28034 Madrid, Spain;
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Moore EM, Wagner C, Komarnytsky S. The Enigma of Bioactivity and Toxicity of Botanical Oils for Skin Care. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:785. [PMID: 32547393 PMCID: PMC7272663 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Botanical oils have a long history of traditional use and are routinely applied to skin care. The focus of this review is to contrast the functionality of skin oils versus the differential biological and toxicological effects of major plant oils, and to correlate them to their compositional changes. In total, over 70 vegetable oils were clustered according to their lipid composition to promote awareness of health practitioners and botanical product manufacturers for the safety and efficacy of oil-based interventions based on their fatty acid profiles. Since multiple skin disorders result in depletion or disturbance of skin lipids, a tailored mixture of multiple botanical oils to simultaneously maintain natural skin-barrier function, promote repair and regeneration of wounded tissues, and achieve corrective modulation of immune disorders may be required. As bioactive constituents of botanical oils enter the human body by oral or topical application and often accumulate in measurable blood concentrations, there is also a critical need for monitoring their hazardous effects to reduce the possible over-added toxicity and promote maximal normal tissue sparing. The review also provides a useful tool to improve efficacy and functionality of fatty acid profiles in cosmetic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin M Moore
- Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, NC, United States.,Department of Food, Bioprocessing, and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States.,Department of Biology, Catawba College, Salisbury, NC, United States
| | - Charles Wagner
- Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, NC, United States.,Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Slavko Komarnytsky
- Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, NC, United States.,Department of Food, Bioprocessing, and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States.,Department of Biology, Catawba College, Salisbury, NC, United States.,Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
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Sergeant S, Hallmark B, Mathias RA, Mustin TL, Ivester P, Bohannon ML, Ruczinski I, Johnstone L, Seeds MC, Chilton FH. Prospective clinical trial examining the impact of genetic variation in FADS1 on the metabolism of linoleic acid- and ɣ-linolenic acid-containing botanical oils. Am J Clin Nutr 2020; 111:1068-1078. [PMID: 32167131 PMCID: PMC7198310 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqaa023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Unexplained heterogeneity in clinical trials has resulted in questions regarding the effectiveness of ɣ-linolenic acid (GLA)-containing botanical oil supplements. This heterogeneity may be explained by genetic variation within the fatty acid desaturase (FADS) gene cluster that is associated with circulating and tissue concentrations of arachidonic acid (ARA) and dihomo-ɣ-linolenic acid (DGLA), both of which may be synthesized from GLA and result in proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory metabolites, respectively. OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to prospectively compare the capacity of a non-Hispanic white cohort, stratified by FADS genotype at the key single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs174537, to metabolize 18-carbon omega-6 (n-6) PUFAs in borage oil (BO) and soybean oil (SO) to GLA, DGLA, and ARA. METHODS Healthy adults (n = 64) participated in a randomized, double-blind, crossover intervention. Individuals received encapsulated BO (Borago officinalis L.; 37% LA and 23% GLA) or SO [Glycine max (L.) Merr.; 50% LA and 0% GLA] for 4 wk, followed by an 8-wk washout period, before consuming the opposite oil for 4 wk. Serum lipids and markers of inflammation (C-reactive protein) were assessed for both oil types at baseline and during weeks 2 and 4 of the intervention. RESULTS SO supplementation failed to alter circulating concentrations of any n-6 long-chain PUFAs. In contrast, a modest daily dose of BO elevated serum concentrations of GLA and DGLA in an rs174537 genotype-dependent manner. In particular, DGLA increased by 57% (95% CI: 0.38, 0.79) in GG genotype individuals, but by 141% (95% CI: 1.03, 2.85) in TT individuals. For ARA, baseline concentrations varied substantially by genotype and increased modestly with BO supplementation, suggesting a key role for FADS variation in the balance of DGLA and ARA. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study clearly suggest that personalized and population-based approaches considering FADS genetic variation may be necessary to optimize the design of future clinical studies with GLA-containing oils. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02337231.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Sergeant
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA,Center for Botanical Lipids and Inflammatory Disease Prevention, Wake Forest School of Medicine,Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | | | - Rasika A Mathias
- Center for Botanical Lipids and Inflammatory Disease Prevention, Wake Forest School of Medicine,Winston-Salem, NC, USA,Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Tammy L Mustin
- Center for Botanical Lipids and Inflammatory Disease Prevention, Wake Forest School of Medicine,Winston-Salem, NC, USA,Department of Physiology/Pharmacology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Priscilla Ivester
- Center for Botanical Lipids and Inflammatory Disease Prevention, Wake Forest School of Medicine,Winston-Salem, NC, USA,Department of Physiology/Pharmacology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Maggie L Bohannon
- Center for Botanical Lipids and Inflammatory Disease Prevention, Wake Forest School of Medicine,Winston-Salem, NC, USA,Department of Physiology/Pharmacology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Ingo Ruczinski
- Center for Botanical Lipids and Inflammatory Disease Prevention, Wake Forest School of Medicine,Winston-Salem, NC, USA,Johns HopkinsBloomberg School of Public Health, Department of Biostatistics, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Michael C Seeds
- Center for Botanical Lipids and Inflammatory Disease Prevention, Wake Forest School of Medicine,Winston-Salem, NC, USA,Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Floyd H Chilton
- Center for Botanical Lipids and Inflammatory Disease Prevention, Wake Forest School of Medicine,Winston-Salem, NC, USA,BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA,Address correspondence to FHC (e-mail: )
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The place of omega-3 and omega-6 acids in supplementary treatment of inflammatory joint diseases. Reumatologia 2020; 58:34-41. [PMID: 32322122 PMCID: PMC7174795 DOI: 10.5114/reum.2020.93511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Eating habits have been analysed for years as a factor influencing the development of autoimmune diseases and susceptibility to infections. On the basis of research, observational studies and meta-analyses, special attention was paid to omega-3 and omega-6 acids. The purpose of the review is to show the importance of omega-3 and omega-6 acids as important ingredients in the healthy diet and as factors protecting against the development of the most common inflammatory rheumatic diseases. The influence of these omega-3 and -6 acids on the course of rheumatic diseases and arguments for their use as complementary therapy are also presented.
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11
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Balić A, Vlašić D, Žužul K, Marinović B, Bukvić Mokos Z. Omega-3 Versus Omega-6 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in the Prevention and Treatment of Inflammatory Skin Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E741. [PMID: 31979308 PMCID: PMC7037798 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21030741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Omega-3 (ω-3) and omega-6 (ω-6) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are nowadays desirable components of oils with special dietary and functional properties. Their therapeutic and health-promoting effects have already been established in various chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases through various mechanisms, including modifications in cell membrane lipid composition, gene expression, cellular metabolism, and signal transduction. The application of ω-3 and ω-6 PUFAs in most common skin diseases has been examined in numerous studies, but their results and conclusions were mostly opposing and inconclusive. It seems that combined ω-6, gamma-linolenic acid (GLA), and ω-3 long-chain PUFAs supplementation exhibits the highest potential in diminishing inflammatory processes, which could be beneficial for the management of inflammatory skin diseases, such as atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, and acne. Due to significant population and individually-based genetic variations that impact PUFAs metabolism and associated metabolites, gene expression, and subsequent inflammatory responses, at this point, we could not recommend strict dietary and supplementation strategies for disease prevention and treatment that will be appropriate for all. Well-balanced nutrition and additional anti-inflammatory PUFA-based supplementation should be encouraged in a targeted manner for individuals in need to provide better management of skin diseases but, most importantly, to maintain and improve overall skin health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anamaria Balić
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, School of Medicine University of Zagreb, Šalata 4, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.B.); (B.M.)
| | - Domagoj Vlašić
- Department of Ophtalmology and Optometry, General Hospital Dubrovnik, Ulica dr. Roka Mišetića 2, 20000 Dubrovnik, Croatia;
| | - Kristina Žužul
- School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Šalata 3, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Branka Marinović
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, School of Medicine University of Zagreb, Šalata 4, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.B.); (B.M.)
| | - Zrinka Bukvić Mokos
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, School of Medicine University of Zagreb, Šalata 4, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.B.); (B.M.)
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12
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Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in critically ill patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutrition 2019; 61:84-92. [PMID: 30703574 PMCID: PMC10019281 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2018.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is characterized by an acute inflammatory response in the lung parenchyma leading to severe hypoxemia. Because of its anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties, omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFA) have been administered to ARDS patients, mostly by the enteral route, as immune-enhancing diets with eicosapentaenoic acid, γ-linolenic acid, and antioxidants. However, clinical benefits of ω-3 PUFAs in ARDS patients remain unclear because clinical trials have found conflicting results. Considering the most recent randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and recent change in administration strategies, the aim of this updated systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate clinical benefits of ω-3 PUFA administration on gas exchange and clinical outcomes in ARDS patients. METHODS We searched for RCTs conducted in intensive care unit (ICU) patients with ARDS comparing the administration of ω-3 PUFAs to placebo. The outcomes assessed were PaO2-to-FiO2 ratio evaluated early (3-4 d) and later (7-8 d), mortality, ICU and hospital length of stay (LOS), length of mechanical ventilation (MV), and infectious complications. Two independent reviewers assessed eligibility, risk of bias, and abstracted data. Data were pooled using a random effect model to estimate the relative risk or weighted mean difference (WMD). RESULTS Twelve RCTs (n = 1280 patients) met our inclusion criteria. Omega-3 PUFAs administration was associated with a significant improvement in early PaO2-to-FiO2 ratio (WMD = 49.33; 95% confidence interval [CI] 20.88-77.78; P = 0.0007; I2 = 69%), which persisted at days 7 to 8 (WMD = 27.87; 95% CI 0.75-54.99; P = 0.04; I2 = 57%). There was a trend in those receiving ω-3 PUFA toward reduced ICU LOS (P = 0.08) and duration of MV (P = 0.06), whereas mortality, hospital LOS, and infectious complications remained unchanged. Continuous enteral infusion was associated with reduced mortality (P = 0.02), whereas analysis restricted to enteral administration either with or without bolus found improved early PaO2 and FiO2 (P = 0.001) and MV duration (P = 0.03). Trials at higher risk of bias had a significant reduction in mortality (P = 0.04), and improvement in late PaO2-to-FiO2 ratio (P = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS In critically ill patients with ARDS, ω-3 PUFAs in enteral immunomodulatory diets may be associated with an improvement in early and late PaO2-to-FiO2 ratio, and statistical trends exist for an improved ICU LOS and MV duration. Considering these results, administering ω-3 PUFAs appears a reasonable strategy in ARDS.
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13
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Fussbroich D, Zimmermann K, Göpel A, Eickmeier O, Trischler J, Zielen S, Schubert R, Beermann C. A specific combined long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation reverses fatty acid profile alterations in a mouse model of chronic asthma. Lipids Health Dis 2019; 18:16. [PMID: 30658644 PMCID: PMC6339374 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-018-0947-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The immune-modulating potential of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs) based on their conversion into lipid mediators in inflammatory situations has been proven by several studies. Respecting the immune-modulative role of lipid mediators in bronchoconstriction, airway inflammation and resolution of inflammatory processes, LCPUFAs play an important role in asthma. To design a disease-specific and most beneficial LCPUFA supplementation strategy, it is essential to understand how asthma alters LCPUFA profiles. Therefore, this study characterizes the alterations of LCPUFA profiles induced by allergic asthma. In addition, this study explores whether a simple eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) alone or a specific combined LCPUFA supplementation could restore imbalanced LCPUFA profiles. Methods Mice were sensitized with a daily dose of 40 μg house dust mite (HDM)-extract in a recall model and fed with either normal diet, EPA or a specific combined (sc)-LCPUFA supplementation containing EPA, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), γ -linolenic acid (GLA) and stearidonic acid (SDA) for 24 days. After recall with HDM, mice were sacrificed and blood and lung tissue were collected. Fatty acid profiles were determined in plasma, blood cells and lung cells of asthmatic mice by capillary gas-chromatography. Results In lung cells of asthmatic mice, arachidonic acid (AA, p < 0.001) and DHA (p < 0.01) were increased while dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (DGLA, p < 0.05) was decreased. EPA supplementation increased only EPA (p < 0.001) and docosapentaenoic acid (DPA, p < 0.001), but neither DGLA nor DHA in lung cells of asthmatic mice. In contrast, a specific combined dietary supplementation containing n-3 and n-6 LCPUFAs could decrease AA (p < 0.001), increase EPA (p < 0.001), DPA (p < 0.001) and DHA (p < 0.01) and could reverse the lack of DGLA (p < 0.05). Conclusions In summary, allergic asthma alters LCPUFA profiles in blood and lung tissue. In contrast to the EPA supplementation, the distinct combination of n-3 and n-6 LCPUFAs restored the LCPUFA profiles in lung tissue of asthmatic mice completely. Subsequently, sc-LCPUFA supplementation is likely to be highly supportive in limiting and resolving the inflammatory process in asthma. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12944-018-0947-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Fussbroich
- Department of Food Technology, University of Applied Science Fulda, Leipziger Str. 123, 36039, Fulda, Germany. .,Division for Allergy, Pneumology and Cystic Fibrosis, Department for Children and Adolescence, Goethe University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, Frankfurt/Main, Germany. .,Faculty of Biological Sciences, Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Straße 13, Frankfurt/Main, Germany.
| | - K Zimmermann
- Department of Food Technology, University of Applied Science Fulda, Leipziger Str. 123, 36039, Fulda, Germany
| | - A Göpel
- Department of Food Technology, University of Applied Science Fulda, Leipziger Str. 123, 36039, Fulda, Germany
| | - O Eickmeier
- Division for Allergy, Pneumology and Cystic Fibrosis, Department for Children and Adolescence, Goethe University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - J Trischler
- Division for Allergy, Pneumology and Cystic Fibrosis, Department for Children and Adolescence, Goethe University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - S Zielen
- Division for Allergy, Pneumology and Cystic Fibrosis, Department for Children and Adolescence, Goethe University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - R Schubert
- Division for Allergy, Pneumology and Cystic Fibrosis, Department for Children and Adolescence, Goethe University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - C Beermann
- Department of Food Technology, University of Applied Science Fulda, Leipziger Str. 123, 36039, Fulda, Germany
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Serrano-Villar S, de Lagarde M, Vázquez-Castellanos J, Vallejo A, Bernadino JI, Madrid N, Matarranz M, Díaz-Santiago A, Gutiérrez C, Cabello A, Villar-García J, Blanco JR, Bisbal O, Sainz T, Moya A, Moreno S, Gosalbes MJ, Estrada V. Effects of Immunonutrition in Advanced Human Immunodeficiency Virus Disease: A Randomized Placebo-controlled Clinical Trial (Promaltia Study). Clin Infect Dis 2019; 68:120-130. [PMID: 29788075 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciy414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While nutritional interventions with prebiotics and probiotics seem to exert immunological effects, their clinical implications in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected subjects initiating antiretroviral therapy (ART) at advanced HIV disease remain unclear. METHODS This was a pilot multicenter randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study in which 78 HIV-infected, ART-naive subjects with <350 CD4 T cells/μL or AIDS were randomized to either daily PMT25341 (a mixture of synbiotics, omega-3/6 fatty acids and amino acids) or placebo for 48 weeks, each in combination with first-line ART. Primary endpoints were changes in CD4 T-cell counts and CD4/CD8 ratio from baseline to week 48 and safety. Secondary endpoints were changes in markers of T-cell activation, bacterial translocation, inflammation, and α and β microbiota diversity. RESULTS Fifty-nine participants completed the follow-up with a mean CD4+ T-cell count of 221 ± 108 cells/μL and mean CD4/CD8 ratio of 0.26 ± 0.19. PMT25341 was well tolerated, without grade 3-4 adverse effects attributable to the intervention. While most of the assessed biomarkers improved during the follow-up in both arms, PMT25341-treated subjects did not experience any significant change, compared to placebo-treated subjects, in mean CD4+ T-cell count change (278 vs 250 cells/μL, P = .474) or CD4/CD8 ratio change (0.30 vs 0.32, P = .854). Similarly, we did not detect differences between treatment arms in secondary endpoints. CONCLUSIONS In HIV-infected patients initiating ART at advanced disease, the clear immunological benefits of ART were not enhanced by this nutritional intervention targeting the gut-associated lymphoid tissue and microbiota. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION NCT00870363.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Serrano-Villar
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramon y Cajal, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Alcalá, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid
| | | | | | - Alejandro Vallejo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramon y Cajal, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Alcalá, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid
| | - José I Bernadino
- HIV Unit, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Instituto de Investigación Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ), Madrid
| | - Nadia Madrid
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramon y Cajal, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Alcalá, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid
| | | | - Alberto Díaz-Santiago
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramon y Cajal, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Alcalá, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid
| | - Carolina Gutiérrez
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramon y Cajal, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Alcalá, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid
| | - Alfonso Cabello
- Infectious Diseases Division, Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid
| | - Judit Villar-García
- Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital del Mar, Instituto Hospital del Mar de Investigaciones Médicas (IMIM), Barcelona
| | - José Ramón Blanco
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital San Pedro - Centro de Investigación Biomédica de la Rioja (CIBIR), Logroño
| | - Otilia Bisbal
- HIV Unit, Hospital Universitario Doce de Octubre, Madrid
| | - Talía Sainz
- Pediatric Tropical and Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Instituto de Investigación Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ), Valencia
| | - Andrés Moya
- Area of Genomics and Health, FISABIO-Salud Pública, Valencia
- Institute of Integrative Systems Biology, University of Valencia and CSIC, Valencia
- CIBER in Epidemiology and Public Health, Madrid
| | | | - María José Gosalbes
- Area of Genomics and Health, FISABIO-Salud Pública, Valencia
- CIBER in Epidemiology and Public Health, Madrid
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Checa-Ros A, Haro-García A, Seiquer I, Molina-Carballo A, Uberos-Fernández J, Muñoz-Hoyos A. Early monitoring of fatty acid profile in children with attention deficit and/or hyperactivity disorder under treatment with omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Minerva Pediatr 2018; 71:313-325. [PMID: 30419741 DOI: 10.23736/s0026-4946.18.04975-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive effects of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFAs) might make them helpful in attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, the results derived from supplementation studies in children depend on the respective combinations and the study period. We aimed to investigate the serum fatty acid profile, attention scores and the tolerability in a group of ADHD children after receiving methylphenidate (MPH) and ω-3 PUFAs for 1 month. METHODS A combination of MPH (1 mg/kg/day) and eicosapentaenoic (EPA, 70 mg/day) + docosahexaenoic acids (DHA, 250 mg/day) was administered to 40 ADHD children (7-15 years). An analysis of serum fatty acids by gas chromatography and an assessment of attention by using the Magallanes Scale of Visual Attention (MSVA) were carried out before and after 1 month of treatment. RESULTS Our data revealed significant decreases of several ω-6 PUFAs, like arachidonic acid (P<0.0259). EPA and DHA concentrations increased by 27% and 3% respectively, and the ω-6/ω-3 index slightly decreased. The quality of attention significantly increased (P<0.026) and an improvement of ADHD core symptoms was reported both by parents and by teachers. No severe side effects occurred. CONCLUSIONS Results demonstrate that the combination of MPH and EPA+DHA at the tested doses has positive clinical effects and an adequate safety profile. Therefore, our study suggests that ω-3 PUFAs may represent a feasible and a safe adjuvant therapy in children with ADHD and might enhance the effects of MPH. Further long-term follow-up studies are required to confirm these initial findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Checa-Ros
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, San Cecilio University Hospital, University of Granada, Granada, Spain - .,Aston Brain Centre, Aston University, Birmingham, UK -
| | - Ana Haro-García
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry of Animal Nutrition (EEZ-CSIC), Estación Experimental del Zaidín (CSIC), Granada, Spain
| | - Isabel Seiquer
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry of Animal Nutrition (EEZ-CSIC), Estación Experimental del Zaidín (CSIC), Granada, Spain
| | - Antonio Molina-Carballo
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, San Cecilio University Hospital, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - José Uberos-Fernández
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, San Cecilio University Hospital, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Antonio Muñoz-Hoyos
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, San Cecilio University Hospital, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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Aqeel M, Ahmad S, Patel JJ, Rice TW. Immunonutrition in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. CURRENT PULMONOLOGY REPORTS 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s13665-017-0171-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Clinical Benefits of n-3 PUFA and ɤ-Linolenic Acid in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9040325. [PMID: 28346333 PMCID: PMC5409664 DOI: 10.3390/nu9040325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Revised: 02/25/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Marine n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and ɤ-linolenic acid (GLA) are well-known anti-inflammatory agents that may help in the treatment of inflammatory disorders. Their effects were examined in patients with rheumatoid arthritis; (2) Methods: Sixty patients with active rheumatoid arthritis were involved in a prospective, randomized trial of a 12 week supplementation with fish oil (group I), fish oil with primrose evening oil (group II), or with no supplementation (group III). Clinical and laboratory evaluations were done at the beginning and at the end of the study; (3) Results: The Disease Activity Score 28 (DAS 28 score), number of tender joints and visual analogue scale (VAS) score decreased notably after supplementation in groups I and II (p < 0.001). In plasma phospholipids the n-6/n-3 fatty acids ratio declined from 15.47 ± 5.51 to 10.62 ± 5.07 (p = 0.005), and from 18.15 ± 5.04 to 13.50 ± 4.81 (p = 0.005) in groups I and II respectively. The combination of n-3 PUFA and GLA (group II) increased ɤ-linolenic acid (0.00 ± 0.00 to 0.13 ± 0.11, p < 0.001), which was undetectable in all groups before the treatments; (4) Conclusion: Daily supplementation with n-3 fatty acids alone or in combination with GLA exerted significant clinical benefits and certain changes in disease activity.
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Destefanis S, Giretto D, Muscolo MC, Di Cerbo A, Guidetti G, Canello S, Giovazzino A, Centenaro S, Terrazzano G. Clinical evaluation of a nutraceutical diet as an adjuvant to pharmacological treatment in dogs affected by Keratoconjunctivitis sicca. BMC Vet Res 2016; 12:214. [PMID: 27658509 PMCID: PMC5034585 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-016-0841-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Canine keratoconjunctivitis sicca (cKCS) is an inflammatory eye condition related to a deficiency in the tear aqueous fraction. Etiopathogenesis of such disease is substantially multifactorial, combining the individual genetic background with environmental factors that contribute to the process of immunological tolerance disruption and, as a consequence, to the emergence of autoimmunity disease. In this occurrence, it is of relevance the role of the physiological immune-dysregulation that results in immune-mediated processes at the basis of cKCS. Current therapies for this ocular disease rely on immunosuppressive treatments. Clinical response to treatment frequently varies from poor to good, depending on the clinical-pathological status of eyes at diagnosis and on individual response to therapy. In the light of the variability of clinical response to therapies, we evaluated the use of an anti-inflammatory/antioxidant nutraceutical diet with potential immune-modulating activity as a therapeutical adjuvant in cKCS pharmacological treatment. Such combination was administered to a cohort of dogs affected by cKCS in which the only immunosuppressive treatment resulted poorly responsive or ineffective in controlling the ocular symptoms. Results Fifty dogs of different breeds affected by immune-mediated cKSC were equally distributed and randomly assigned to receive either a standard diet (control, n = 25) or the nutraceutical diet (treatment group, n = 25) both combined with standard immunosuppressive therapy over a 60 days period. An overall significant improvement of all clinical parameters (tear production, conjunctival inflammation, corneal keratinization, corneal pigment density and mucus discharge) and the lack of food-related adverse reactions were observed in the treatment group (p < 0.0001). Conclusions Our results showed that the association of traditional immune-suppressive therapy with the antioxidant/anti-inflammatory properties of the nutraceutical diet resulted in a significant amelioration of clinical signs and symptoms in cKSC. The beneficial effects, likely due to the presence of supplemented nutraceuticals in the diet, appeared to specifically reduce the immune-mediated ocular symptoms in those cKCS-affected dogs that were poorly responsive or unresponsive to classical immunosuppressive drugs. These data suggest that metabolic changes could affect the immune response orchestration in a model of immune-mediated ocular disease, as represented by cKSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Destefanis
- Clinica Veterinaria Porta Venezia, via Lambro 12, 20121, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniela Giretto
- Clinica Veterinaria Cartesio, viale Olanda 3B, Melzo, 20066, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Alessandro Di Cerbo
- School of Specialization in Clinical Biochemistry, "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Gianandrea Guidetti
- Research and Development Department, SANYpet S.p.a., Bagnoli di Sopra, Padua, Italy
| | - Sergio Canello
- Research and Development Department, SANYpet S.p.a., Bagnoli di Sopra, Padua, Italy
| | - Angela Giovazzino
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, Via Sauro, 85, 85100, Potenza, Italy
| | - Sara Centenaro
- Research and Development Department, SANYpet S.p.a., Bagnoli di Sopra, Padua, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Terrazzano
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, Via Sauro, 85, 85100, Potenza, Italy.,Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Pansini, 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
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Sergeant S, Rahbar E, Chilton FH. Gamma-linolenic acid, Dihommo-gamma linolenic, Eicosanoids and Inflammatory Processes. Eur J Pharmacol 2016; 785:77-86. [PMID: 27083549 PMCID: PMC4975646 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Revised: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Gamma-linolenic acid (GLA, 18:3n-6) is an omega-6 (n-6), 18 carbon (18C-) polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) found in human milk and several botanical seed oils and is typically consumed as part of a dietary supplement. While there have been numerous in vitro and in vivo animal models which illustrate that GLA-supplemented diets attenuate inflammatory responses, clinical studies utilizing GLA or GLA in combination with omega-3 (n-3) PUFAs have been much less conclusive. A central premise of this review is that there are critical metabolic and genetic factors that affect the conversion of GLA to dihommo-gamma linolenic acid (DGLA, 20:3n-6) and arachidonic acid (AA, 20:4n-6), which consequently affects the balance of DGLA- and AA- derived metabolites. As a result, these factors impact the clinical effectiveness of GLA or GLA/(n-3) PUFA supplementations in treating inflammatory conditions. Specifically, these factors include: 1) the capacity for different human cells and tissues to convert GLA to DGLA and AA and to metabolize DGLA and AA to bioactive metabolites; 2) the opposing effects of DGLA and AA metabolites on inflammatory processes and diseases; and 3) the impact of genetic variations within the fatty acid desaturase (FADS) gene cluster, in particular, on AA/DGLA ratios and bioactive metabolites. We postulate that these factors influence the heterogeneity of results observed in GLA supplement-based clinical trials and suggest that "one-size fits all" approaches utilizing PUFA-based supplements may no longer be appropriate for the prevention and treatment of complex human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Sergeant
- Department of Biochemistry; Wake Forest School of Medicine, One Medical Center Blvd, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
| | - Elaheh Rahbar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Wake Forest School of Medicine, One Medical Center Blvd, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
| | - Floyd H Chilton
- Department of Physiology/Pharmacology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, One Medical Center Blvd, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
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Patel JJ, Kha V, Butler D, Kozeniecki M, Martindale R, Allen K. Organ-Specific Nutrition: One for the History Books or Still an Active Player? CURRENT SURGERY REPORTS 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s40137-016-0149-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Roosevelt H. Should Immune-Enhancing Formulations Be Used for Patients With Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome? Nutr Clin Pract 2016; 31:451-6. [PMID: 27339156 DOI: 10.1177/0884533616654868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The potential for regulating immune function in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) through enteral-administered anti-inflammatory lipids has generated much interest over the past 20 years. Yet recommendations remain inconclusive regarding the utilization of ω-3 fatty acids in patients with ARDS and acute lung injury (ALI). Studies are limited in number, with differing methods, small sample sizes, and conflicting results, making recommendations difficult to interpret.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Roosevelt
- Rush University Medical Center-Food and Nutrition, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Beermann C, Neumann S, Fußbroich D, Zielen S, Schubert R. Combinations of distinct long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid species for improved dietary treatment against allergic bronchial asthma. Nutrition 2016; 32:1165-70. [PMID: 27297719 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2016.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Revised: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Allergic bronchial asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways with an increasing incidence in Western societies. Exposure to allergens provokes recurrent attacks of breathlessness, airway hyperreactivity, wheezing, and coughing. For the early phase and milder forms of allergic asthma, dietary supplementation with long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA), predominantly fish oil-associated eicosapentaenoic (C20:5 ω-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6 ω-3), and distinct crop oil-derived fatty acids might provide a sustainable treatment strategy, as discussed in several studies. In addition to immune-controlling prostaglandins, leukotrienes, and thromboxanes, specialized proresolving mediators, such as lipoxins, resolvins, protectins, and maresins, are metabolized from different LCPUFA, which actively resolve inflammation. The aim of this review was to discuss the possible synergistic effects of ω-3 and ω-6 LCPUFA combinations concerning rebuilding fatty acid homeostasis in cellular membranes, modifying eicosanoid metabolic pathways, controlling inflammatory processes by focusing on resolving inflammation in the bronchoalveolar system on the cellular level, and helping to control clinical symptoms in bronchial asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Beermann
- Food Technology, Department of Biotechnology, University of Applied Sciences, Fulda, Germany.
| | - Sandy Neumann
- Food Technology, Department of Biotechnology, University of Applied Sciences, Fulda, Germany
| | - Daniela Fußbroich
- Food Technology, Department of Biotechnology, University of Applied Sciences, Fulda, Germany
| | - Stefan Zielen
- Pediatric Pulmonology and Allergology, Children's Hospital I, Goethe-University, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Ralf Schubert
- Pediatric Pulmonology and Allergology, Children's Hospital I, Goethe-University, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
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Shirai K, Yoshida S, Matsumaru N, Toyoda I, Ogura S. Effect of enteral diet enriched with eicosapentaenoic acid, gamma-linolenic acid, and antioxidants in patients with sepsis-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome. J Intensive Care 2015; 3:24. [PMID: 26015869 PMCID: PMC4443653 DOI: 10.1186/s40560-015-0087-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 04/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In this study, the effects of an enteral diet enriched with eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), γ-linolenic acid (GLA), and antioxidants were compared with a standard enteral diet in critically ill patients with sepsis-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Methods This study was a single-center, prospective, randomized, single-blind, controlled trial in our Advanced Critical Care Center. Patients were randomized to receive a continuous EPA, GLA, and antioxidant-enriched diet (study group), or an isocaloric standard diet (control group). Results Twenty-three of 46 patients were in the study group, and the other 23 were in the control group. Duration of mechanical ventilation, incidence of new nosocomial infections, changes over time in Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) scores, and 60-day mortality were not significantly different between the two groups. The ratio of partial pressure of oxygen to fraction of inspired oxygen on day 7 was significantly higher in the study group (233.0 [185.5–282.8] vs. 274.0 [225.5–310.8], p = 0.021). Duration of ICU stay was significantly shorter in the study group than in the control group (24.0 [20.0–30.0] vs. 15.0 [11.0–24.0], p = 0.008). Conclusions An enteral diet enriched with EPA, GLA, and antioxidants did not improve duration of mechanical ventilation, SOFA score, incidence of new nosocomial infections, or mortality but did favorably influence duration of ICU stay in critically ill patients with sepsis-induced ARDS. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40560-015-0087-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunihiro Shirai
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine Ichinomiya Municipal Hospital, Bunkyo, Ichinomiya, Aichi 491-8558 Japan
| | - Shozo Yoshida
- Department of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Naoki Matsumaru
- Department of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Izumi Toyoda
- Department of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Shinji Ogura
- Department of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
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A euryhaline Nannochloropsis gaditana with potential for nutraceutical (EPA) and biodiesel production. ALGAL RES 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2015.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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26
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Kazani S, Arm JP, Boyce J, Chhay H, Dutile S, Wechsler ME, Govindarajulu U, Ivester P, Ainsworth HC, Sergeant S, Chilton FH, Israel E. LTC4 synthase polymorphism modifies efficacy of botanical seed oil combination in asthma. SPRINGERPLUS 2014; 3:661. [PMID: 25485197 PMCID: PMC4236308 DOI: 10.1186/2193-1801-3-661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2013] [Accepted: 08/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Botanical seed oils reduce the generation of leukotrienes in patients with asthma. Our objective was to determine the efficacy of a botanical seed oil combination against airflow obstruction in asthma, and to determine the pharmacogenomic effect of the leukotriene C4 synthase (LTC4S) polymorphism A-444C. We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over clinical trial in mild to moderate asthmatics to determine the change in FEV1 after 6 weeks of therapy with borage and echium seed oils versus corn oil placebo. We also examined the effect of the variant LTC4S -444C allele on the change in lung function. We did not identify a difference in FEV1 in the study cohort as a whole (n = 28), nor in the group of A homozygotes. In the C allele carriers (n = 9), FEV1 improved by 3% after treatment with borage and echium seed oils and declined by 4% after placebo corn oil (p = 0.02). All 9 C allele carriers demonstrated an improvement in their FEV1 on active treatment compared to placebo as compared to only 7 out of 19 A allele homozygotes (p = 0.007). We observed transient differences in ex vivo leukotriene generation from circulating basophils and granulocytes. We did not observe significant differences in urinary LTE4 levels. We conclude that compared to corn oil, a combination of borage and echium seed oils improves airflow obstruction in mild to moderate asthmatics who carry the variant allele in the LTC4S gene (A-444C). Botanical oil supplementation may have therapeutic potential in asthma if used in a personalized manner. Trial registration: This trial was registered at http://www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00806442.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamsah Kazani
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Jonathan P Arm
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Joshua Boyce
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Heng Chhay
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Stefanie Dutile
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Michael E Wechsler
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Usha Govindarajulu
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Priscilla Ivester
- Departments of Physiology/Pharmacology, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC USA ; Wake Forest University Center for Botanical Lipids and Inflammatory Disease Prevention, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC USA
| | - Hannah C Ainsworth
- Departments of Physiology/Pharmacology, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC USA ; Wake Forest University Center for Botanical Lipids and Inflammatory Disease Prevention, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC USA
| | - Susan Sergeant
- Departments of Biochemistry, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC USA ; Wake Forest University Center for Botanical Lipids and Inflammatory Disease Prevention, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC USA
| | - Floyd H Chilton
- Departments of Physiology/Pharmacology, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC USA ; Wake Forest University Center for Botanical Lipids and Inflammatory Disease Prevention, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC USA
| | - Elliot Israel
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115 USA
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Pottel L, Lycke M, Boterberg T, Pottel H, Goethals L, Duprez F, Maes A, Goemaere S, Rottey S, Foubert I, Debruyne PR. Echium oil is not protective against weight loss in head and neck cancer patients undergoing curative radio(chemo)therapy: a randomised-controlled trial. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2014; 14:382. [PMID: 25293388 PMCID: PMC4200132 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-14-382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Accepted: 09/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Therapy-induced mucositis and dysphagia puts head and neck (H&N) cancer patients at increased risk for developing cachexia. Omega-3 fatty acids (n-3 FA) have been suggested to protect against cachexia. We aimed to examine if echium oil, a plant source of n-3 FA, could reduce weight loss in H&N cancer patients undergoing radio(chemo)therapy with curative intent. METHODS In a double-blind trial, patients were randomly assigned to echium oil (intervention (I) group; 7.5 ml bis in die (b.i.d.), 235 mg/ml α-linolenic acid (ALA) + 95 mg/ml stearidonic acid (SDA) + 79 mg/ml γ-linolenic acid (GLA)) or n-3 FA deficient sunflower oil high oleic (control (C) group; 7.5 ml b.i.d.) additional to standard nutritional support during treatment. Differences in percentage weight loss between both groups were analysed according to the intention-to-treat principle. Erythrocyte FA profile, body composition, nutritional status and quality of life were collected. RESULTS Ninety-one eligible patients were randomised, of whom 83 were evaluable. Dietary supplement adherence was comparable in both groups (median, I: 87%, C: 81%). At week 4, the I group showed significantly increased values of erythrocyte n-3 eicosapentanoic acid (EPA, 14% vs -5%) and n-6 GLA (42% vs -20%) compared to the C group, without a significant change in n-6 arachidonic acid (AA, 2% vs -1%). Intention-to-treat analysis could not reveal a significant reduction in weight loss related to echium oil consumption (median weight loss, I: 8.9%, C: 7.6%). Also, no significant improvement was observed in the other evaluated anthropometric parameters. CONCLUSIONS Echium oil effectively increased erythrocyte EPA and GLA FAs in H&N cancer patients. It failed however to protect against weight loss, or improve nutritional parameters. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT01596933.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lies Pottel
- />Cancer Centre, General Hospital Groeninge, Loofstraat 43, B-8500 Kortrijk, Belgium
- />Department of Radiation Oncology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
- />Ageing and Cancer Research Cluster, Centre for Positive Ageing, University of Greenwich, London, UK
| | - Michelle Lycke
- />Cancer Centre, General Hospital Groeninge, Loofstraat 43, B-8500 Kortrijk, Belgium
- />Department of Radiation Oncology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
- />Ageing and Cancer Research Cluster, Centre for Positive Ageing, University of Greenwich, London, UK
| | - Tom Boterberg
- />Department of Radiation Oncology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
- />Ageing and Cancer Research Cluster, Centre for Positive Ageing, University of Greenwich, London, UK
| | - Hans Pottel
- />Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Catholic University Leuven Kulak, Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Laurence Goethals
- />Cancer Centre, General Hospital Groeninge, Loofstraat 43, B-8500 Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Fréderic Duprez
- />Department of Radiation Oncology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Alex Maes
- />Department of Nuclear Medicine, General Hospital Groeninge, Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Stefan Goemaere
- />Department of Osteoporosis and Metabolic Bone Diseases, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sylvie Rottey
- />Department of Medical Oncology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Imogen Foubert
- />Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LForCe), Catholic University Leuven Kulak, Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Philip R Debruyne
- />Cancer Centre, General Hospital Groeninge, Loofstraat 43, B-8500 Kortrijk, Belgium
- />Ageing and Cancer Research Cluster, Centre for Positive Ageing, University of Greenwich, London, UK
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Pottala JV, Djira GD, Espeland MA, Ye J, Larson MG, Harris WS. Structural equation modeling for analyzing erythrocyte fatty acids in Framingham. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2014; 2014:160520. [PMID: 24959197 PMCID: PMC4052884 DOI: 10.1155/2014/160520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2013] [Revised: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 02/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Research has shown that several types of erythrocyte fatty acids (i.e., omega-3, omega-6, and trans) are associated with risk for cardiovascular diseases. However, there are complex metabolic and dietary relations among fatty acids, which induce correlations that are typically ignored when using them as risk predictors. A latent variable approach could summarize these complex relations into a few latent variable scores for use in statistical models. Twenty-two red blood cell (RBC) fatty acids were measured in Framingham (N = 3196). The correlation matrix of the fatty acids was modeled using structural equation modeling; the model was tested for goodness-of-fit and gender invariance. Thirteen fatty acids were summarized by three latent variables, and gender invariance was rejected so separate models were developed for men and women. A score was developed for the polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) latent variable, which explained about 30% of the variance in the data. The PUFA score included loadings in opposing directions among three omega-3 and three omega-6 fatty acids, and incorporated the biosynthetic and dietary relations among them. Whether the PUFA factor score can improve the performance of risk prediction in cardiovascular diseases remains to be tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- James V. Pottala
- Health Diagnostic Laboratory Inc., Richmond, VA 23219, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD 57105, USA
| | - Gemechis D. Djira
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA
| | - Mark A. Espeland
- Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Jun Ye
- Department of Statistics, University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325, USA
| | - Martin G. Larson
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02218, USA
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA 01702, USA
| | - William S. Harris
- Health Diagnostic Laboratory Inc., Richmond, VA 23219, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD 57105, USA
- OmegaQuant Analytics, Sioux Falls, SD 57107, USA
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Arm JP, Boyce JA, Wang L, Chhay H, Zahid M, Patil V, Govindarajulu U, Ivester P, Weaver KL, Sergeant S, Israel E, Chilton FH. Impact of botanical oils on polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolism and leukotriene generation in mild asthmatics. Lipids Health Dis 2013; 12:141. [PMID: 24088297 PMCID: PMC3851449 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511x-12-141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2013] [Accepted: 09/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Dietary supplementation with botanical oils that contain n-6 and n-3 eighteen carbon chain (18C)-PUFA such as γ linolenic acid (GLA, 18:3n-6), stearidonic acid (SDA, 18:4n-3) and α linolenic acid (ALA, 18:3n-3) have been shown to impact PUFA metabolism, alter inflammatory processes including arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism and improve inflammatory disorders. Methods The diet of mild asthmatics patients was supplemented for three weeks with varying doses of two botanical seed oils (borage oil [Borago officinalis, BO] and echium seed oil [Echium plantagineum; EO]) that contain SDA, ALA and GLA. A three week wash out period followed. The impact of these dietary manipulations was evaluated for several biochemical endpoints, including in vivo PUFA metabolism and ex vivo leukotriene generation from stimulated leukocytes. Results Supplementation with several EO/BO combinations increased circulating 20–22 carbon (20–22C) PUFAs, including eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosapentaenoic acid (DPA), and dihommo-gammalinolenic acid (DGLA), which have been shown to inhibit AA metabolism and inflammation without impacting circulating AA levels. BO/EO combinations also inhibited ex vivo leukotriene generation with some combinations attenuating cysteinyl leukotriene generation in stimulated basophils by >50% and in stimulated neutrophils by >35%. Conclusions This study shows that dietary supplementation with BO/EO alters 20–22C PUFA levels and attenuates leukotriene production in a manner consistent with a reduction in inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan P Arm
- Department of Physiology/Pharmacology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Blvd, 27157, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
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Long-term Supplementation With n-6 and n-3 PUFAs Improves Moderate-to-Severe Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca. Cornea 2013; 32:1297-304. [DOI: 10.1097/ico.0b013e318299549c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Abstract
All fats, including saturated fatty acids, have important roles in the body. However, the most important fats are those that the body cannot make and thus must come from the food we eat. These essential fatty acids (EFAs) are based on linoleic acid (omega-6 group) and alpha-linolenic acid (omega-3 group). We need both groups of essential fatty acids to survive. For various reasons EFA deficiency is common in the general population, as is a disproportionate intake of omega-6 fatty acids over omega-3 fatty acids. As such, it is important to eat the right foods to make sure that you're taking in enough and the right kinds of the essential fatty acids. However, there is much more to the story. Studies have shown that increasing the intake of certain essential fatty acids, either alone or in combination with other fats and compounds, can increase health, help in treating certain diseases, and even improve body composition, mental and physical performance.
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32
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Nutritional properties of dietary omega-3-enriched phospholipids. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:965417. [PMID: 23984423 PMCID: PMC3747496 DOI: 10.1155/2013/965417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2013] [Revised: 06/04/2013] [Accepted: 06/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Dietary fatty acids regulate several physiological functions. However, to exert their properties, they have to be present in the diet in an optimal balance. Particular attention has been focused on tissue highly polyunsaturated fatty acids (HPUFAs) n-6/n-3 ratio, influenced by the type and the esterified form of dietary fatty acids. Dietary EPA and DHA when esterified to phospholipids (PLs) are more efficiently incorporated into tissue PLs and seem to possess peculiar properties through specific mechanism(s) of action, such as the capacity to affect endocannabinoid biosynthesis at much lower doses than EPA and DHA in triglyceride form, probably because of the above mentioned higher incorporation into tissue PLs. Downregulation of the endocannabinoid system seems to mediate the positive effects exerted by omega-3-enriched PLs on several parameters of metabolic syndrome. PLs are one of the major dietary forms of EPA and DHA we are exposed to with the everyday diet; therefore, it is not surprising that it guarantees an effective EPA and DHA nutritional activity. Future studies should address whether EPA and DHA in PL form are also more effective than other formulations in ameliorating other pathological conditions where n-3 HPUFAs seem to exert beneficial activities such as cancer and psychiatric disorders.
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Cahn P, Ruxrungtham K, Gazzard B, Diaz R, Gori A, Kotler D, Vriesema A, Georgiou NA, Garssen J, Clerici M, Lange JMA. The Immunomodulatory Nutritional Intervention NR100157 Reduced CD4+ T-Cell Decline and Immune Activation: A 1-Year Multicenter Randomized Controlled Double-Blind Trial in HIV-Infected Persons Not Receiving Antiretroviral Therapy (The BITE Study). Clin Infect Dis 2013; 57:139-46. [DOI: 10.1093/cid/cit171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- P. Cahn
- Fundación Huésped, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - K. Ruxrungtham
- HIV-NAT, Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Center
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - B. Gazzard
- Chelsea and Westminster Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - R.S. Diaz
- Federal University of San Paulo, Brazil
| | - A. Gori
- University of Milan, Milan-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - D.P. Kotler
- St Lukes-Roosevelt Hospital Center, New York, New York
| | - A. Vriesema
- Nutricia Advanced Medical Nutrition, Danone Research, Centre for Specialised Nutrition, Wageningen
| | - N. A. Georgiou
- Nutricia Advanced Medical Nutrition, Danone Research, Centre for Specialised Nutrition, Wageningen
| | - J. Garssen
- Nutricia Advanced Medical Nutrition, Danone Research, Centre for Specialised Nutrition, Wageningen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
| | | | - J. M. A. Lange
- Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Harris WS, Pottala JV, Vasan RS, Larson MG, Robins SJ. Changes in erythrocyte membrane trans and marine fatty acids between 1999 and 2006 in older Americans. J Nutr 2012; 142:1297-303. [PMID: 22623386 PMCID: PMC3374668 DOI: 10.3945/jn.112.158295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2012] [Revised: 03/06/2012] [Accepted: 04/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last several years, national programs to lower the content of industrially produced (IP) C18:1 and C18:2 trans fatty acids in foods have been implemented, but whether this has resulted in lower blood trans fatty acid levels is unknown. Likewise, an increased perception of the health benefits of fish oils rich in EPA and DHA may have resulted in an increase in consumption and blood levels of these fatty acids. To explore these issues, we analyzed the changes in RBC fatty acid composition between the 7th (1998-2001) and 8th (2005-2007) examination cycles in a random sample of the Framingham Offspring cohort. This was a retrospective cohort study of 291 participants from whom blood was drawn at both examinations and for whom complete covariate data were available. Overall, the proportion of trans fatty acids in RBC changed by -23% (95% CI: -26 to -21%). RBC EPA+DHA proportions increased by 41% (95% CI: 31 to 52%) in 38 individuals who were taking fish oil supplements at examination 8, but in 253 participants not taking fish oil, the proportion of RBC EPA+DHA did not change. In conclusion, in a random subsample of Framingham Offspring participants with serial observations over 6.7 y, the proportion of trans fatty acids in RBC decreased. Those of EPA+DHA increased in people taking fish oil supplements. These changes could potentially translate into a lower risk for cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- William S. Harris
- Sanford Research, and
- Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD
| | | | - Ramachandran S. Vasan
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA; and
- Sections of Preventive Medicine and Cardiology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, and
| | - Martin G. Larson
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA; and
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Boston University, Boston, MA
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Short-term long chain omega3 diet protects from neuroinflammatory processes and memory impairment in aged mice. PLoS One 2012; 7:e36861. [PMID: 22662127 PMCID: PMC3360741 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0036861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2011] [Accepted: 04/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Regular consumption of food enriched in omega3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω3 PUFAs) has been shown to reduce risk of cognitive decline in elderly, and possibly development of Alzheimer's disease. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) are the most likely active components of ω3-rich PUFAs diets in the brain. We therefore hypothesized that exposing mice to a DHA and EPA enriched diet may reduce neuroinflammation and protect against memory impairment in aged mice. For this purpose, mice were exposed to a control diet throughout life and were further submitted to a diet enriched in EPA and DHA during 2 additional months. Cytokine expression together with a thorough analysis of astrocytes morphology assessed by a 3D reconstruction was measured in the hippocampus of young (3-month-old) and aged (22-month-old) mice. In addition, the effects of EPA and DHA on spatial memory and associated Fos activation in the hippocampus were assessed. We showed that a 2-month EPA/DHA treatment increased these long-chain ω3 PUFAs in the brain, prevented cytokines expression and astrocytes morphology changes in the hippocampus and restored spatial memory deficits and Fos-associated activation in the hippocampus of aged mice. Collectively, these data indicated that diet-induced accumulation of EPA and DHA in the brain protects against neuroinflammation and cognitive impairment linked to aging, further reinforcing the idea that increased EPA and DHA intake may provide protection to the brain of aged subjects.
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SUNDSTRÖM BJÖRN, JOHANSSON GUNNAR, KOKKONEN HEIDI, CEDERHOLM TOMMY, WÅLLBERG-JONSSON SOLVEIG. Plasma Phospholipid Fatty Acid Content Is Related to Disease Activity in Ankylosing Spondylitis. J Rheumatol 2011; 39:327-33. [DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.110575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Objective.To investigate fatty acid composition in the diet, plasma phospholipids, and adipose tissue in a cohort of patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS), and to determine their correlations to disease activity and blood lipids in a cross-sectional study.Methods.Diet was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire in 66 patients with AS. Polyunsaturated fatty acids in plasma phospholipids and gluteal adipose tissue were measured using gas chromatography. Disease status was quantified using the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), high sensitivity C-reactive protein, and proinflammatory cytokines.Results.Diet did not correlate with disease activity assessed by the BASDAI, but there were negative correlations between the dietary intake of long-chain omega-3 fatty acids and ESR (rs = –0.27, p < 0.05). The plasma phospholipid content of arachidonic acid correlated significantly with the BASDAI score (rs = 0.39, p < 0.01). There were correlations between the intake of long-chain omega-3 fatty acids and high-density lipoproteins and serum triglycerides (rs = 0.26 and rs = –0.25, respectively, p < 0.05).Conclusion.There was a positive correlation between levels of arachidonic acid in plasma phospholipids and disease activity assessed by BASDAI in patients with AS. A Western diet does not appear to influence this correlation, but seems to affect blood lipids involved in atherogenic processes.
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Mamatha SS, Muthukumar SP, Venkateswaran G. Safety evaluation of Mucor rouxii CFR-G15 biomass containing ω-6 fatty acids in rats. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2011; 62:183-90. [PMID: 22024236 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2011.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2011] [Revised: 10/03/2011] [Accepted: 10/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Mucor rouxii CFR-G15 is an oleaginous zygomycetous fungus. The mycelia of the fungus accumulate 35.0±0.8% total lipid of which, 18.55±0.46% is gamma linolenic acid. Acute and subchronic studies were conducted by feeding rats with dry biomass of M. rouxii CFR-G15 to assess the safety of the oils in the fungal mycelium. For acute toxicity studies, adult male rats fed with diet at 0, 5000, 10,000, 25,000, 50,000 mg/kg bw for 1 day, and the animals were monitored for 14 days. Rats weighing 35±2.5 g were fed for 13 weeks with a diet incorporating 2500, 5000, 10,000 and 20,000 mg/kg (w/w) dry biomass for subchronic toxicity studies. Control consists of the diet without the dry biomass. Dietary feeding of M. rouxii biomass at any level showed no significant changes (p>0.05) in food intake, body weight, organs weight and serum enzymes. Macroscopic and microscopic observations revealed that the vital organs were unaffected by the feed containing the dry biomass. However, triglycerides and cholesterol levels in serum were decreased significantly (p<0.05) in the test rats. The results of this study suggests that feeding fungal mycelia containing oil is safe when fed to rats and also shows positive effects on controlling triglycerides and cholesterol.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Mamatha
- Biological Oceanography Division, National Institute of Oceanography, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Dona Paula 403004, Goa, India
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Rice TW, Wheeler AP, Thompson BT, deBoisblanc BP, Steingrub J, Rock P. Enteral omega-3 fatty acid, gamma-linolenic acid, and antioxidant supplementation in acute lung injury. JAMA 2011; 306:1574-81. [PMID: 21976613 PMCID: PMC3770348 DOI: 10.1001/jama.2011.1435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 355] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT The omega-3 (n-3) fatty acids docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid, along with γ-linolenic acid and antioxidants, may modulate systemic inflammatory response and improve oxygenation and outcomes in patients with acute lung injury. OBJECTIVE To determine if dietary supplementation of these substances to patients with acute lung injury would increase ventilator-free days to study day 28. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS The OMEGA study, a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial conducted from January 2, 2008, through February 21, 2009. Participants were 272 adults within 48 hours of developing acute lung injury requiring mechanical ventilation whose physicians intended to start enteral nutrition at 44 hospitals in the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute ARDS Clinical Trials Network. All participants had complete follow-up. INTERVENTIONS Twice-daily enteral supplementation of n-3 fatty acids, γ-linolenic acid, and antioxidants compared with an isocaloric control. Enteral nutrition, directed by a protocol, was delivered separately from the study supplement. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Ventilator-free days to study day 28. RESULTS The study was stopped early for futility after 143 and 129 patients were enrolled in the n-3 and control groups. Despite an 8-fold increase in plasma eicosapentaenoic acid levels, patients receiving the n-3 supplement had fewer ventilator-free days (14.0 vs 17.2; P = .02) (difference, -3.2 [95% CI, -5.8 to -0.7]) and intensive care unit-free days (14.0 vs 16.7; P = .04). Patients in the n-3 group also had fewer nonpulmonary organ failure-free days (12.3 vs 15.5; P = .02). Sixty-day hospital mortality was 26.6% in the n-3 group vs 16.3% in the control group (P = .054), and adjusted 60-day mortality was 25.1% and 17.6% in the n-3 and control groups, respectively (P = .11). Use of the n-3 supplement resulted in more days with diarrhea (29% vs 21%; P = .001). CONCLUSIONS Twice-daily enteral supplementation of n-3 fatty acids, γ-linolenic acid, and antioxidants did not improve the primary end point of ventilator-free days or other clinical outcomes in patients with acute lung injury and may be harmful. TRIAL REGISTRATION clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00609180.
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Affiliation(s)
- Todd W Rice
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
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Polyunsaturated fatty acids induce modification in the lipid composition and the prostaglandin production of the conjunctival epithelium cells. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2011; 250:211-22. [DOI: 10.1007/s00417-011-1801-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2011] [Revised: 07/08/2011] [Accepted: 08/04/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
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Dawczynski C, Hackermeier U, Viehweger M, Stange R, Springer M, Jahreis G. Incorporation of n-3 PUFA and γ-linolenic acid in blood lipids and red blood cell lipids together with their influence on disease activity in patients with chronic inflammatory arthritis--a randomized controlled human intervention trial. Lipids Health Dis 2011; 10:130. [PMID: 21816071 PMCID: PMC3162909 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511x-10-130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2011] [Accepted: 08/04/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aim Marine n-3 fatty acids and γ-linolenic acid both have anti-inflammatory effects and may be useful to help treat inflammatory diseases. The effects of these alone or combined were examined in patients with arthritis in a randomized controlled trial. Design Patients with rheumatoid arthritis or psoriatic arthritis were randomized into four groups in a double-blind, placebo-controlled parallel designed study. Patients received the respective capsules (1: 3.0 g n-3 LC-PUFA/d; 2: 3.2 g γ-linolenic acid/d; 3: 1.6 g n-3 LC-PUFA + 1.8 g γ-linolenic acid/d; 4: 3.0 g olive oil) for a twelve week period. Clinical status was evaluated and blood samples were taken at the beginning and at the end of the period. Differences before and after intervention were tested with paired t-test or with Wilcoxon test for non-normal data distribution. Results 60 patients (54 rheumatoid arthritis, 6 psoriatic arthritis) were randomised, 47 finished per protocol. In group 1, the ratio of arachidonic acid (AA)/eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) decreased from 6.5 ± 3.7 to 2.7 ± 2.1 in plasma lipids and from 25.1 ± 10.1 to 7.2 ± 4.7 in erythrocyte membranes (p ≤ 0.001). There was no significant influence on AA/EPA ratio due to interventions in group 2-4. In group 2, the intake of γ-linolenic acid resulted in a strong rise of γ-linolenic acid and dihomo-γ-linolenic acid concentrations in plasma lipids, cholesteryl esters, and erythrocyte membranes. The combination of n-3 LC-PUFA and γ-linolenic acid (group 3) led to an increase of γ-linolenic acid and dihomo-γ-linolenic acid concentrations in plasma lipids, cholesteryl esters, and erythrocyte mem-branes. This increase was only half of that in group 2. Conclusions Incorporation of eicosanoid precursor FAs was influenced by an intake of n-3 LC-PUFA and γ-linolenic acid suggesting a possible benefit for therapy of chronic inflammatory diseases. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials NCT01179971
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Dawczynski
- Department of Nutritional Physiology, Institute of Nutrition, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Dornburger Str. 24, D-07743 Jena, Germany
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Wann AKT, Mistry J, Blain EJ, Michael-Titus AT, Knight MM. Eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid reduce interleukin-1β-mediated cartilage degradation. Arthritis Res Ther 2010; 12:R207. [PMID: 21059244 PMCID: PMC3046514 DOI: 10.1186/ar3183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2010] [Revised: 07/19/2010] [Accepted: 11/08/2010] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In inflammatory joint disease, such as osteoarthritis (OA), there is an increased level of proinflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-1β. These cytokines stimulate the production of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), which leads to the degradation of the cartilage extracellular matrix and the loss of key structural components such as sulphated glycosaminoglycan (sGAG) and collagen II. The aim of this study was to examine the therapeutic potential of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in an in vitro model of cartilage inflammation. METHODS Two specific n-3 compounds were tested, namely, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), each at 0.1, 1 and 10 μM. Full thickness bovine cartilage explants, 5 mm in diameter, were cultured for 5 days with or without IL-1β and in the presence or absence of each n-3 compound. The media were replaced every 24 hours and assayed for sGAG content using the 1,9-dimethylmethylene blue (DMB) method. Chondrocyte viability was determined at the end of the culture period using fluorescence microscopy to visualise cells labelled with calcein AM and ethidium homodimer. RESULTS Treatment with IL-1β (10 ng.ml⁻¹) produced a large increase in sGAG release compared to untreated controls, but with no effect on cell viability, which was maintained above 80% for all treatments. In the absence of IL-1β, both n-3 compounds induced a mild catabolic response with increased loss of sGAG, particularly at 10 μM. By contrast, in the presence of IL-1β, both EPA and DHA at 0.1 and 1 μM significantly reduced IL-1β-mediated sGAG loss. The efficacy of the EPA treatment was maintained at approximately 75% throughout the 5-day period. However, at the same concentrations, the efficacy of DHA, although initially greater, reduced to approximately half that of EPA after 5 days. For both EPA and DHA, the highest dose of 10 μM was less effective. CONCLUSIONS The results support the hypothesis that n-3 compounds are anti-inflammatory through competitive inhibition of the arachidonic acid oxidation pathway. The efficacy of these compounds is likely to be even greater at more physiological levels of IL-1β. Thus we suggest that n-3 PUFAs, particularly EPA, have exciting therapeutic potential for preventing cartilage degradation associated with chronic inflammatory joint disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angus K T Wann
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End, London, E1 4NS, UK
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Glick NR, Fischer MH. Low DHA and plasmalogens associated with a precise PUFA-rich diet devoid of DHA. Clin Biochem 2010; 43:1305-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2010.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2010] [Revised: 08/03/2010] [Accepted: 08/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Kruger M, Coetzee M, Haag M, Weiler H. Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids: Selected mechanisms of action on bone. Prog Lipid Res 2010; 49:438-49. [DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2010.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2010] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Lipase inhibitor orlistat decreases incorporation of eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids in rat tissues. Nutr Res 2010; 30:134-40. [PMID: 20226999 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2009.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2009] [Revised: 12/01/2009] [Accepted: 12/07/2009] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Orlistat is a gastric and pancreatic lipases inhibitor that is often prescribed to obese subjects. Orlistat has been shown to decrease the absorption of biologically important lipophilic micronutrients such as liposoluble vitamins. We hypothesized that long-term administration of orlistat may lower the incorporation of n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) in blood lipids and tissues. This hypothesis was tested in rats fed a diet supplemented with fish oil as a source of n-3 LC-PUFA. Male Wistar rats (n = 18) were divided into 3 groups and fed experimental high-fat diets containing fish oil (control diet) or fish oil plus orlistat (200 and 400 mg/kg of diet) over the course of 3 weeks. Fat absorption and the level of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid, among other fatty acids, in red blood cells, plasma, liver, and spleen, were measured at the end of the experimental period. The results show that at 200 mg and 400 mg/kg of diet orlistat lowers fat absorption by 9% (P = .008) and 54% (P = .008). Orlistat given at the higher level induced a reduction of the incorporation of EPA in red blood cell (-45%; P = .006) and in plasma (-34%; P = .026) compared to the control group. Our results confirmed that administration of orlistat reduces incorporation of n-3 LC-PUFA in blood lipids and tissues in a rat model.
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A dietary combination of omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids is more efficient than single supplementations in the prevention of retinal damage induced by elevation of intraocular pressure in rats. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s00417-009-1228-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The goal of this review is to assess recent additions to the medical literature that contribute to the clinical question: 'How might diet act as a disease modifier in patients with asthma?' In vitro, animal, and epidemiologic data are presented as justification for interventional studies, which form the basis of clinical recommendations and decision-making. RECENT FINDINGS A number of studies suggest roles for n-3 fatty acids, soy isoflavones, vitamin D, and antioxidants as modifiers of asthma severity. However, these studies are generally complicated by small sample sizes and either negative results or findings that are of questionable clinical significance. SUMMARY The available literature regarding dietary manipulation as asthma therapy is largely unconvincing. Although mechanistic and epidemiologic studies provide a rationale for diet therapies, there are few interventional studies with positive, clinically relevant endpoints. Future studies must include sufficient numbers of well selected patients and measure effects on exacerbations, symptoms, lung function, and medication use.
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Destaillats F, Joffre C, Acar N, Joffre F, Bezelgues JB, Pasquis B, Cruz-Hernandez C, Rezzi S, Montoliu I, Dionisi F, Bretillon L. Differential effect of maternal diet supplementation with alpha-Linolenic adcid or n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids on glial cell phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylserine fatty acid profile in neonate rat brains. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2010; 7:2. [PMID: 20148111 PMCID: PMC2819247 DOI: 10.1186/1743-7075-7-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2009] [Accepted: 01/14/2010] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Dietary long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) are of crucial importance for the development of neural tissues. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of a dietary supplementation in n-3 fatty acids in female rats during gestation and lactation on fatty acid pattern in brain glial cells phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and phosphatidylserine (PS) in the neonates. Methods Sprague-Dawley rats were fed during the whole gestation and lactation period with a diet containing either docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 0.55%) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 0.75% of total fatty acids) or α-linolenic acid (ALA, 2.90%). At two weeks of age, gastric content and brain glial cell PE and PS of rat neonates were analyzed for their fatty acid and dimethylacetal (DMA) profile. Data were analyzed by bivariate and multivariate statistics. Results In the neonates from the group fed with n-3 LC-PUFA, the DHA level in gastric content (+65%, P < 0.0001) and brain glial cell PE (+18%, P = 0.0001) and PS (+15%, P = 0.0009) were significantly increased compared to the ALA group. The filtered correlation analysis (P < 0.05) underlined that levels of dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (DGLA), DHA and n-3 docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) were negatively correlated with arachidonic acid (ARA) and n-6 DPA in PE of brain glial cells. No significant correlation between n-3 and n-6 LC-PUFA were found in the PS dataset. DMA level in PE was negatively correlated with n-6 DPA. DMA were found to occur in brain glial cell PS fraction; in this class DMA level was correlated negatively with DHA and positively with ARA. Conclusion The present study confirms that early supplementation of maternal diet with n-3 fatty acids supplied as LC-PUFA is more efficient in increasing n-3 in brain glial cell PE and PS in the neonate than ALA. Negative correlation between n-6 DPA, a conventional marker of DHA deficiency, and DMA in PE suggests n-6 DPA that potentially be considered as a marker of tissue ethanolamine plasmalogen status. The combination of multivariate and bivariate statistics allowed to underline that the accretion pattern of n-3 LC-PUFA in PE and PS differ.
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Lindemann J, David Pampe E, Peterkin JJ, Orozco-Cronin P, Belofsky G, Stull D. Clinical study of the effects on asthma-related QOL and asthma management of a medical food in adult asthma patients. Curr Med Res Opin 2009; 25:2865-75. [PMID: 19811112 DOI: 10.1185/03007990903316491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asthma can have a negative impact on quality of life although this is not well correlated with objective evaluations of pulmonary function. A medical food, EFF1009, containing the fatty acids gamma-linolenic acid (GLA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) decreases leukotriene B(4) synthesis in patients with asthma. Two previous clinical studies with EFF1009 provided preliminary evidence that the medical food improves asthma-related quality of life (ARQOL) and asthma management. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the impact on ARQOL of EFF1009 in adults with asthma. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS The study was a randomized, prospective, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel group study in twenty-one (N = 21 evaluable) subjects with mild to moderate persistent asthma who consumed the medical food emulsion or placebo emulsion daily for 28 days. All participants continued their asthma medications throughout the study. ARQOL, including asthma signs and symptoms, and asthma control were measured using the Mini Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire (MiniAQLQ) and the Asthma Control Questionnaire (ACQ), administered at baseline, Day 14 and Day 28. Safety and tolerability parameters, including adverse events, were monitored. RESULTS Baseline ARQOL scores, forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV(1)) and other characteristics were balanced between both groups. Mean (standard error) total MiniAQLQ scores changed by 0.73 (0.38) and -0.22 (0.36) in the EFF1009 and placebo groups, respectively, (p < 0.05). The MiniAQLQ symptom domain score was improved in the EFF1009 group (p < 0.05). Total scores for the ACQ were not significantly improved in either group. Levels of the fatty acid EPA in plasma increased in the EFF1009 group but not the placebo group (p < 0.03). The medical food was well tolerated and no safety concerns were identified. CONCLUSIONS The dietary addition of the medical food EFF1009 to asthma management regimens can improve patient perceived, ARQOL and can also improve asthma management as evidenced by reduced asthma symptoms. An additional study of the medical food, with larger subject population and longer treatment duration, is warranted to confirm these findings.
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Viau S, Maire MA, Pasquis B, Grégoire S, Acar N, Bron AM, Bretillon L, Creuzot-Garcher CP, Joffre C. Efficacy of a 2-month dietary supplementation with polyunsaturated fatty acids in dry eye induced by scopolamine in a rat model. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2009; 247:1039-50. [DOI: 10.1007/s00417-009-1080-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2008] [Revised: 03/12/2009] [Accepted: 04/06/2009] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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Weaver KL, Ivester P, Seeds M, Case LD, Arm JP, Chilton FH. Effect of dietary fatty acids on inflammatory gene expression in healthy humans. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:15400-7. [PMID: 19359242 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.004861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past 100 years, changes in the food supply in Western nations have resulted in alterations in dietary fatty acid consumption, leading to a dramatic increase in the ratio of omega-6 (omega6) to omega3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in circulation and in tissues. Increased omega6/omega3 ratios are hypothesized to increase inflammatory mediator production, leading to higher incidence of inflammatory diseases, and may impact inflammatory gene expression. To determine the effect of reducing the omega6/omega3 ratio on expression of inflammatory pathway genes in mononuclear cells, healthy humans were placed on a controlled diet for 1 week, then given fish oil and borage oil for an additional 4 weeks. Serum and neutrophil fatty acid composition and ex vivo leukotriene B(4) production from stimulated neutrophils were measured at the start and end of the supplementation period and after a 2-week washout. RNA was isolated from mononuclear cells and expression of PI3K, Akt, NFkappaB, and inflammatory cytokines was measured by real-time PCR. A marked increase was seen in serum and neutrophil levels of long-chain omega3 PUFA concomitant with a reduction in the omega6/omega3 PUFA ratio (40%). The ex vivo capacity of stimulated neutrophils to produce leukotriene B(4) was decreased by 31%. Expression of PI3Kalpha and PI3Kgamma and the quantity of PI3Kalpha protein in mononuclear cells was reduced after supplementation, as was the expression of several proinflammatory cytokines. These data reveal that PUFA may exert their clinical effects via their capacity to regulate the expression of signal transduction genes and genes for proinflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly L Weaver
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, USA
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