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Targeting the FAK-Src Complex in Desmoplastic Small Round Cell Tumors, Ewing Sarcoma, and Rhabdomyosarcoma. Sarcoma 2022; 2022:3089424. [PMID: 35655525 PMCID: PMC9153931 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3089424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Desmoplastic small round cell tumors (DSRCTs), Ewing sarcoma (ES), and alveolar and embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma (ARMS and ERMS) are malignant sarcomas typically occurring at young age, with a poor prognosis in the metastatic setting. New treatment options are necessary. Src family kinase inhibitor dasatinib single-agent treatment has been investigated in a phase 2 study in patients with advanced sarcomas including ES and RMS but failed as a single agent in these subtypes. Since previous studies demonstrated high FAK and Src activities in RMS and ES tissue and cell lines, and dasatinib treatment was shown to upregulate activated FAK, we hypothesized that FAK-Src combination treatment could potentially be an interesting treatment option for these tumor types. We examined the effects of targeting the FAK-Src complex by addressing (p)FAK and (p)Src expressions in tumor sections of DSRCT (n = 13), ES (n = 68), ARMS (n = 21), and ERMS (n = 39) and by determining the antitumor effects of single and combined treatment with FAK inhibitor defactinib and multikinase (Abl/SFK) inhibitor dasatinib in vitro on cell lines of each subtype. In vivo effects were assessed in DSRCT and ERMS models. Concurrent pFAK and pSrc expressions (H-score >50) were observed in DSRCT (67%), ES (6%), ARMS (35%), and ERMS (19%) samples. Defactinib treatment decreased pFAK expression and reduced cell viability in all subtypes. Dasatinib treatment decreased pSrc expression and cell viability in each subtype. Combination treatment led to a complete reduction in pFAK and pSrc in each cell line and showed enhanced cell viability reduction, drug synergy, DNA damage induction, and a trend toward higher apoptosis induction in DSRCT, ERMS, and ARMS but not in ES cells. These promising in vitro results unfortunately do not translate into promising in vivo results as we did not observe a significant effect on tumor volume in vivo, and the combination did not show superior effects compared to dasatinib single-agent treatment.
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2
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Yang H, Shu Z, Jiang Y, Mao W, Pang L, Redwood A, Jeter-Jones SL, Jennings NB, Ornelas A, Zhou J, Rodriguez-Aguayo C, Bartholomeusz G, Iles LR, Zacharias NM, Millward SW, Lopez-Berestein G, Le XF, Ahmed AA, Piwnica-Worms H, Sood AK, Bast RC, Lu Z. 6-Phosphofructo-2-Kinase/Fructose-2,6-Biphosphatase-2 Regulates TP53-Dependent Paclitaxel Sensitivity in Ovarian and Breast Cancers. Clin Cancer Res 2019; 25:5702-5716. [PMID: 31391192 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-18-3448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Paclitaxel is an integral component of primary therapy for breast and epithelial ovarian cancers, but less than half of these cancers respond to the drug. Enhancing the response to primary therapy with paclitaxel could improve outcomes for women with both diseases.Experimental Design: Twelve kinases that regulate metabolism were depleted in multiple ovarian and breast cancer cell lines to determine whether they regulate sensitivity to paclitaxel in Sulforhodamine B assays. The effects of 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase 2 (PFKFB2) depletion on cell metabolomics, extracellular acidification rate, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and apoptosis were studied in multiple ovarian and breast cancer cell lines. Four breast and ovarian human xenografts and a breast cancer patient-derived xenograft (PDX) were used to examine the knockdown effect of PFKFB2 on tumor cell growth in vivo. RESULTS Knockdown of PFKFB2 inhibited clonogenic growth and enhanced paclitaxel sensitivity in ovarian and breast cancer cell lines with wild-type TP53 (wtTP53). Silencing PFKFB2 significantly inhibited tumor growth and enhanced paclitaxel sensitivity in four xenografts derived from two ovarian and two breast cancer cell lines, and prolonged survival in a triple-negative breast cancer PDX. Transfection of siPFKFB2 increased the glycolysis rate, but decreased the flow of intermediates through the pentose-phosphate pathway in cancer cells with wtTP53, decreasing NADPH. ROS accumulated after PFKFB2 knockdown, which stimulated Jun N-terminal kinase and p53 phosphorylation, and induced apoptosis that depended upon upregulation of p21 and Puma. CONCLUSIONS PFKFB2 is a novel target whose inhibition can enhance the effect of paclitaxel-based primary chemotherapy upon ovarian and breast cancers retaining wtTP53.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailing Yang
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Zhang Shu
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.,Department of Geriatric Digestive Surgery, the Second Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yongying Jiang
- Institute for Applied Cancer Science, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Weiqun Mao
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Lan Pang
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Abena Redwood
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Sabrina L Jeter-Jones
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Nicholas B Jennings
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Argentina Ornelas
- Cancer Systems Imaging, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jinhua Zhou
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Cristian Rodriguez-Aguayo
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.,Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNA Cancer, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Geoffrey Bartholomeusz
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - LaKesla R Iles
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Niki M Zacharias
- Department of Urology, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Steven W Millward
- Cancer Systems Imaging, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Gabriel Lopez-Berestein
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.,Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNA Cancer, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Xiao-Feng Le
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Ahmed A Ahmed
- Ovarian Cancer Cell Laboratory, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Women's Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Helen Piwnica-Worms
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Anil K Sood
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.,Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNA Cancer, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Robert C Bast
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
| | - Zhen Lu
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
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3
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Wang S, Li X, Yan L, Chen H, Wang J, Sun Y. Upregulation of P27 Kip1 by mitomycin C induces fibroblast apoptosis and reduces epidural fibrosis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2017; 10:11779-11788. [PMID: 31966541 PMCID: PMC6966039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Fibroblast excessive proliferation is considered as one of the major reasons of epidural fibrosis after laminectomy. Recent studies have shown that mitomycin C (MMC) could successfully reduce the formation of epidural fibrosis by inducing fibroblasts apoptosis. However, the detailed mechanism was still unclear. Increasing evidence indicated that P27Kip1 (P27) could result in apoptotic cell death in various cells. In this study, we investigated whether MMC could induce fibroblasts apoptosis and reduce epidural fibrosis by regulating P27. Western blot analysis, Hoechst staining, Flow cytometry, and Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay were used to detect the effect of MMC on fibroblasts apoptosis by regulating P27 expression in vitro. Moreover, histological and immunohistochemical assays were used to evaluate the effect of MMC on reducing epidural fibrosis by regulating P27 expression in rats. The results showed that MMC could induce fibroblasts apoptosis and upregulate P27 expression in vitro. Knockdown of P27 partially attenuated MMC-induced expressions of P27 and cleaved PARP as well as increased the cell viability. MMC could reduce epidural fibrosis in a dose-dependent manner in rats by histological analysis. The expression of P27 was increased by MMC treatment as shown by immuohistochemical analysis. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that MMC could upregulate P27 expression, which subsequently induced fibroblasts apoptosis and reduced epidural fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuguang Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Orthopedic Institute, Subei People's Hospital of Jiangsu Province Yangzhou 225001, China
| | - Xiaolei Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Orthopedic Institute, Subei People's Hospital of Jiangsu Province Yangzhou 225001, China
| | - Lianqi Yan
- Department of Orthopedics, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Orthopedic Institute, Subei People's Hospital of Jiangsu Province Yangzhou 225001, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Orthopedic Institute, Subei People's Hospital of Jiangsu Province Yangzhou 225001, China
| | - Jingcheng Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Orthopedic Institute, Subei People's Hospital of Jiangsu Province Yangzhou 225001, China
| | - Yu Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Orthopedic Institute, Subei People's Hospital of Jiangsu Province Yangzhou 225001, China
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Miller RE, Brough R, Bajrami I, Williamson CT, McDade S, Campbell J, Kigozi A, Rafiq R, Pemberton H, Natrajan R, Joel J, Astley H, Mahoney C, Moore JD, Torrance C, Gordan JD, Webber JT, Levin RS, Shokat KM, Bandyopadhyay S, Lord CJ, Ashworth A. Synthetic Lethal Targeting of ARID1A-Mutant Ovarian Clear Cell Tumors with Dasatinib. Mol Cancer Ther 2016; 15:1472-84. [PMID: 27364904 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-15-0554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
New targeted approaches to ovarian clear cell carcinomas (OCCC) are needed, given the limited treatment options in this disease and the poor response to standard chemotherapy. Using a series of high-throughput cell-based drug screens in OCCC tumor cell models, we have identified a synthetic lethal (SL) interaction between the kinase inhibitor dasatinib and a key driver in OCCC, ARID1A mutation. Imposing ARID1A deficiency upon a variety of human or mouse cells induced dasatinib sensitivity, both in vitro and in vivo, suggesting that this is a robust synthetic lethal interaction. The sensitivity of ARID1A-deficient cells to dasatinib was associated with G1-S cell-cycle arrest and was dependent upon both p21 and Rb. Using focused siRNA screens and kinase profiling, we showed that ARID1A-mutant OCCC tumor cells are addicted to the dasatinib target YES1. This suggests that dasatinib merits investigation for the treatment of patients with ARID1A-mutant OCCC. Mol Cancer Ther; 15(7); 1472-84. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rowan E Miller
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom. Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel Brough
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom. Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ilirjana Bajrami
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom. Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Chris T Williamson
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom. Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Simon McDade
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - James Campbell
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom. Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Asha Kigozi
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom. Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rumana Rafiq
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom. Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Helen Pemberton
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom. Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel Natrajan
- Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Josephine Joel
- Horizon Discovery, Waterbeach, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Holly Astley
- Horizon Discovery, Waterbeach, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Claire Mahoney
- Horizon Discovery, Waterbeach, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Chris Torrance
- Horizon Discovery, Waterbeach, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - John D Gordan
- UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - James T Webber
- UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Rebecca S Levin
- Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Kevan M Shokat
- Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California. Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Sourav Bandyopadhyay
- UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Christopher J Lord
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom. Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Alan Ashworth
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom. Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom.
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5
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Zhao Y, Li Q, Wu X, Chen P. Upregulation of p27Kip1 by demethylation sensitizes cisplatin-resistant human ovarian cancer SKOV3 cells. Mol Med Rep 2016; 14:1659-66. [PMID: 27314502 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer has a poor prognosis due to its chemoresistance, and p27Kip1 (p27) has been implicated in tumor prognosis and drug-resistance. However, the regulatory mechanisms of p27 in drug‑resistance in ovarian cancer remain unknown. The current study successfully established chemoresistant cell lines using paclitaxel (TAX), cisplatin (DDP) and carboplatin (CBP) in SKOV3 ovarian cancer cells. The results indicated that the expression levels of p27 were dramatically downregulated in chemoresistant cells. However, 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-aza) treatment restored p27 expression in DDP-resistant cells, and increased their sensitivity to DDP. In addition, it was observed that the methylation of DDP‑resistant cells, which was downregulated by 5‑aza treatment, was significantly higher compared with SKOV3 cells. Additionally, the overexpression of p27 arrested the cell cycle in S phase and promoted an apoptotic response to DDP. In conclusion, p27 was involved in chemoresistance of SKOV3 cells. Upregulated p27 expression induced by demethylation may enhance sensitivity to DDP through the regulation of the cell cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhao
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hunan, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Qiaoyan Li
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoying Wu
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Puxiang Chen
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
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6
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Abstract
PURPOSE P27(kip1) is a negative cell cycle regulator that plays an important role in tumor suppression. Deregulation of p27(kip1) is commonly observed in many human cancers. Numerous studies about p27(kip1) are reported in clinical patients despite variable data for the prognostic of p27(kip1) expression. Here we report a meta-analysis of the association of p27(kip1) expression with the survival of ovarian cancer. METHODS PubMed and Web of science were searched for studies evaluating expression of p27(kip1) and prognostic in ovarian cancer. Published data were extracted and computed into odds ratios (ORs) for death at 3 and 5 years. Data were pooled using the random-effect model. All statistical tests were two-sided. RESULTS Analysis included 9 studies: six studies were reported in European, three studies were reported in American, and one study was reported in Asian. Loss of p27(kip1) was associated with worse overall survival (OS) at both 3 years [OR = 2.61, 95 % confidence interval (CI) 1.95-3.49, p < 0.05] and 5 years (OR = 3.01, 95 % CI 2.17-4.17, p < 0.05). Among studies with different ethnicity (European, American and Asian), the results showed a more significant association in European, including Italy, Germany, and Greece [for both 3-year OS (OR = 3.53, 95 % CI 2.37-5.26) and 5-year OS (OR = 3.66, 95 % CI 2.30-5.83)]. CONCLUSIONS Loss of p27(kip1) is associated with worse survival in ovarian cancer. The development of strategies target p27(kip1) could be a reasonable therapeutic approach.
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7
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Zhang S, Lu Z, Mao W, Ahmed AA, Yang H, Zhou J, Jennings N, Rodriguez-Aguayo C, Lopez-Berestein G, Miranda R, Qiao W, Baladandayuthapani V, Li Z, Sood AK, Liu J, Le XF, Bast RC. CDK5 Regulates Paclitaxel Sensitivity in Ovarian Cancer Cells by Modulating AKT Activation, p21Cip1- and p27Kip1-Mediated G1 Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0131833. [PMID: 26146988 PMCID: PMC4492679 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0131833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) is a cytoplasmic serine/ threonine kinase. Knockdown of CDK5 enhances paclitaxel sensitivity in human ovarian cancer cells. This study explores the mechanisms by which CDK5 regulates paclitaxel sensitivity in human ovarian cancers. Multiple ovarian cancer cell lines and xenografts were treated with CDK5 small interfering RNA (siRNA) with or without paclitaxel to examine the effect on cancer cell viability, cell cycle arrest and tumor growth. CDK5 protein was measured by immunohistochemical staining of an ovarian cancer tissue microarray to correlate CDK5 expression with overall patient survival. Knockdown of CDK5 with siRNAs inhibits activation of AKT which significantly correlates with decreased cell growth and enhanced paclitaxel sensitivity in ovarian cancer cell lines. In addition, CDK5 knockdown alone and in combination with paclitaxel induced G1 cell cycle arrest and caspase 3 dependent apoptotic cell death associated with post-translational upregulation and nuclear translocation of TP53 and p27Kip1 as well as TP53-dependent transcriptional induction of p21Cip1 in wild type TP53 cancer cells. Treatment of HEYA8 and A2780 wild type TP53 xenografts in nu/nu mice with CDK5 siRNA and paclitaxel produced significantly greater growth inhibition than either treatment alone. Increased expression of CDK5 in human ovarian cancers correlates inversely with overall survival. CDK5 modulates paclitaxel sensitivity by regulating AKT activation, the cell cycle and caspase-dependent apoptosis. CDK5 inhibition can potentiate paclitaxel activity in human ovarian cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Zhang
- Departments of Experimental Therapeutics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of General Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhen Lu
- Departments of Experimental Therapeutics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Weiqun Mao
- Departments of Experimental Therapeutics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Ahmed A. Ahmed
- Departments of Experimental Therapeutics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Hailing Yang
- Departments of Experimental Therapeutics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jinhua Zhou
- Departments of Experimental Therapeutics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Nicholas Jennings
- Departments of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Cristian Rodriguez-Aguayo
- Departments of Experimental Therapeutics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNA, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Gabriel Lopez-Berestein
- Departments of Experimental Therapeutics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNA, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Roberto Miranda
- Departments of Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, Untied States of America
| | - Wei Qiao
- Bioinformatics Computer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Veera Baladandayuthapani
- Bioinformatics Computer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Zongfang Li
- Department of General Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Anil K. Sood
- Departments of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNA, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jinsong Liu
- Departments of Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, Untied States of America
| | - Xiao-Feng Le
- Departments of Experimental Therapeutics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail: (RCB); (XFL)
| | - Robert C. Bast
- Departments of Experimental Therapeutics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail: (RCB); (XFL)
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8
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Matchimakul P, Rinaldi G, Suttiprapa S, Mann VH, Popratiloff A, Laha T, Pimenta RN, Cochran CJ, Kaewkes S, Sripa B, Brindley PJ. Apoptosis of cholangiocytes modulated by thioredoxin of carcinogenic liver fluke. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2015; 65:72-80. [PMID: 26007234 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2015.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Revised: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chronic infection with the food-borne liver fluke, Opisthorchis viverrini, frequently induces cancer of the bile ducts, cholangiocarcinoma. Opisthorchiasis is endemic in Thailand, Lao PDR, Cambodia and Vietnam, where eating undercooked freshwater fish carrying the juvenile stage of this pathogen leads to human infection. Because inhibition of apoptosis facilitates carcinogenesis, this study investigated modulation by thioredoxin from O. viverrini of apoptosis of bile duct epithelial cells, cholangiocytes. Cells of a cholangiocyte line were incubated with the parasite enzyme after which they were exposed hydrogen peroxide. Oxidative stress-induced apoptosis was monitored using flow cytometry, growth in real time and imaging of living cells using laser confocal microscopy. Immunolocalization revealed liver fluke thioredoxin within cholangiocytes. Cells exposed to thioredoxin downregulated apoptotic genes in the mitogen activated protein kinases pathway and upregulated anti-apoptosis-related genes including apoptosis signaling kinase 1, caspase 9, caspase 8, caspase 3, survivin and others. Western blots of immunoprecipitates of cell lysates revealed binding of thioredoxin to apoptosis signaling kinase 1. Together the findings indicated that thioredoxin from O. viverrini inhibited oxidative stress-induced apoptosis of bile duct epithelial cells, which supports a role for this liver fluke oxidoreductase in opisthorchiasis-induced cholangiocarcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pitchaya Matchimakul
- Biomedical Sciences Program, Graduate School, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Control of Opisthorchiasis (Southeast Asian Liver Fluke Disease), Tropical Disease Research Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Tropical Medicine, and Research Center for Neglected Diseases of Poverty, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, USA
| | - Gabriel Rinaldi
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Tropical Medicine, and Research Center for Neglected Diseases of Poverty, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, USA; Parasite Genomics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Genome Campus, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Sutas Suttiprapa
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Tropical Medicine, and Research Center for Neglected Diseases of Poverty, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, USA; Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rachthewee, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Victoria H Mann
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Tropical Medicine, and Research Center for Neglected Diseases of Poverty, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, USA
| | - Anastas Popratiloff
- Center for Microscopy & Image Analysis, and Department of Anatomy & Regenerative Biology, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, USA
| | - Thewarach Laha
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Rafael N Pimenta
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Tropical Medicine, and Research Center for Neglected Diseases of Poverty, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, USA
| | - Christina J Cochran
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Tropical Medicine, and Research Center for Neglected Diseases of Poverty, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, USA
| | - Sasithorn Kaewkes
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Banchob Sripa
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Control of Opisthorchiasis (Southeast Asian Liver Fluke Disease), Tropical Disease Research Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
| | - Paul J Brindley
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Tropical Medicine, and Research Center for Neglected Diseases of Poverty, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, USA.
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9
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Xiao J, Xu M, Hou T, Huang Y, Yang C, Li J. Dasatinib enhances antitumor activity of paclitaxel in ovarian cancer through Src signaling. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:3249-3256. [PMID: 25975261 PMCID: PMC4526065 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.3784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Src family tyrosine kinase (SFK) activation is associated with ovarian cancer progression. Therefore, SFKs are targets for the development of potential treatments of ovarian cancer. Dasatinib is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor that targets SFK activity, and is used for the treatment of B cell and Abelson lymphomas. At the present time, the potential effect of dasatinib on ovarian cancer is not clear. The aim of the present study was to investigate the antitumor activity of dasatinib, alone and in combination with paclitaxel, in ovarian cancer in vitro and in vivo. In the present study, the expression of Src and phospho‑Src-Y416 (p‑Src) was measured in six ovarian cancer cell lines using western blotting and immunohistochemistry. In addition, cell viability and apoptosis were measured using an MTT assay and annexin V‑fluorescein isothiocyanate staining. An ovarian cancer murine xenograft model was established, in order to evaluate the antitumor effect of dasatinib alone and in combination with paclitaxel in ovarian cancer. High levels of p‑Src protein expression were observed in all cell lines, as compared with healthy cells, which indicated activation of the Src signaling pathway. p‑Src expression increased in ovarian cancer cells following paclitaxel treatment. Dasatinib treatment demonstrated anti‑ovarian cancer properties, by downregulating p‑Src expression and by inducing cancer cell apoptosis. Combined treatment with dasatinib and paclitaxel markedly inhibited proliferation and promoted apoptosis of ovarian cancer cells, compared with control cells. Combined dasatinib and paclitaxel treatment exhibited antitumor activities in vivo and in vitro (combination indices, 0.25‑0.93 and 0.31‑0.75; and tumor growth inhibitory rates, 76.7% and 58.5%, in A2780 and HO8910 cell lines, respectively), compared with paclitaxel treatment alone. Dasatinib monotherapy demonstrated anti‑ovarian cancer activities. The effects of dasatinib and paclitaxel treatments on ovarian cancer cells appeared to be mediated by the Src pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Xiao
- Department of Gynecology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P.R. China
| | - Manman Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Teng Hou
- Department of Gynecology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P.R. China
| | - Yongwen Huang
- Department of Gynecology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P.R. China
| | - Chenlu Yang
- Department of Gynecology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P.R. China
| | - Jundong Li
- Department of Gynecology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P.R. China
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10
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Rogalska A, Marczak A. Epothilone B induces human ovarian cancer OV-90 cell apoptosis via external pathway. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2015; 39:700-712. [PMID: 25721485 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2015.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2014] [Revised: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/31/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We evaluated molecular events associated with apoptosis induced by Epothilone B (EpoB, Patupilone) and paclitaxel (PTX) in human ovarian papillary serous adenocarcinoma cell line (OV-90). Epothilones are compounds of natural origin with mechanisms of action similar to taxanes, but with more potent antiproliferative activity. Apoptosis was one of the major forms of cell death induced by EpoB. The mode of cell death was assessed colorimetrically, fluorimetrically, cytometry, and by immunoblot analyses through measuring DNA fragmentation, the level of TRAIL, the cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) and the activation of caspase-9, -8 and -3. We measured also additional markers of apoptosis, like phosphatidylserine externalization and morphological changes. Moreover, we estimated glycoprotein P (P-gp) activity in OV-90 ovarian cancer cell line. The studies indicated that the extrinsic pathway of apoptosis, which is triggered by certain TNF family members and engages their respective receptors on the surface of the target cell, was predominant. We were the first to have demonstrated (using immunoassay) the release of TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) after treatment with EpoB. EpoB and PTX mediate activation of both initiator caspases-8 and -9, leading to the appearance of caspase-3. In EpoB treated cells, DNA fragmentation was also detected. EpoB leads to the reduction in DNA repair capacity. In summary, we report that Epothilone B induces apoptosis in OV-90 cells via a TRAIL and caspase 8-dependent pathway. PTX leads to smaller apoptotic events in comparison to EpoB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneta Rogalska
- Department of Thermobiology, Institute of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Marczak
- Department of Thermobiology, Institute of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
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11
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Logsdon BA, Gentles AJ, Miller CP, Blau CA, Becker PS, Lee SI. Sparse expression bases in cancer reveal tumor drivers. Nucleic Acids Res 2015; 43:1332-44. [PMID: 25583238 PMCID: PMC4330344 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gku1290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We define a new category of candidate tumor drivers in cancer genome evolution: ‘selected expression regulators’ (SERs)—genes driving dysregulated transcriptional programs in cancer evolution. The SERs are identified from genome-wide tumor expression data with a novel method, namely SPARROW (SPARse selected expRessiOn regulators identified With penalized regression). SPARROW uncovers a previously unknown connection between cancer expression variation and driver events, by using a novel sparse regression technique. Our results indicate that SPARROW is a powerful complementary approach to identify candidate genes containing driver events that are hard to detect from sequence data, due to a large number of passenger mutations and lack of comprehensive sequence information from a sufficiently large number of samples. SERs identified by SPARROW reveal known driver mutations in multiple human cancers, along with known cancer-associated processes and survival-associated genes, better than popular methods for inferring gene expression networks. We demonstrate that when applied to acute myeloid leukemia expression data, SPARROW identifies an apoptotic biomarker (PYCARD) for an investigational drug obatoclax. The PYCARD and obatoclax association is validated in 30 AML patient samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin A Logsdon
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA Sage Bionetworks, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Andrew J Gentles
- Center for Cancer Systems Biology, Department of Radiology, Stanford University, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Chris P Miller
- Department of Medicine/Hematology, Center for Cancer Innovation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - C Anthony Blau
- Department of Medicine/Hematology, Center for Cancer Innovation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Pamela S Becker
- Department of Medicine/Hematology, Center for Cancer Innovation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Su-In Lee
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA Department of Computer Science & Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
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12
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Dasatinib (BMS-35482) interacts synergistically with docetaxel, gemcitabine, topotecan, and doxorubicin in ovarian cancer cells with high SRC pathway activation and protein expression. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2014; 24:218-25. [PMID: 24407585 DOI: 10.1097/igc.0000000000000056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to explore the activity of dasatinib in combination with docetaxel, gemcitabine, topotecan, and doxorubicin in ovarian cancer cells. METHODS Cells with previously determined SRC pathway and protein expression (SRC pathway/SRC protein IGROV1, both high; SKOV3, both low) were treated with dasatinib in combination with the cytotoxic agents. SRC and paxillin protein expression were determined pretreatment and posttreatment. Dose-response curves were constructed, and the combination index (CI) for drug interaction was calculated. RESULTS In the IGROV1 cells, dasatinib alone reduced phospho-SRC/total SRC 71% and p-paxillin/t-paxillin ratios 77%. Phospho-SRC (3%-33%; P = 0.002 to 0.04) and p-paxicillin (6%-19%; P = 0.01 to 0.05) levels were significantly reduced with dasatinib in combination with each cytotoxic agent. The combination of dasatinib and docetaxel, gemcitabine, or topotecan had a synergistic antiproliferative effect (CI, 0.49-0.68), whereas dasatinib combined with doxorubicin had an additive effect (CI, 1.08).In SKOV3 cells, dasatinib resulted in less pronounced reductions of phospho-SRC/total SRC (49%) and p-paxillin/t-paxillin (62%). Phospho-SRC (18%; P < 0.001) and p-paxillin levels (18%; P = 0.001; 9%; P = 0.007) were significantly decreased when dasatinib was combined with docetaxel and topotecan (p-paxillin only). Furthermore, dasatinib combined with the cytotoxics in the SKOV3 cells produced an antagonistic interaction on the proliferation of these cells (CI, 1.49-2.27). CONCLUSIONS Dasatinib in combination with relapse chemotherapeutic agents seems to interact in a synergistic or additive manner in cells with high SRC pathway activation and protein expression. Further evaluation of dasatinib in combination with chemotherapy in ovarian cancer animal models and exploration of the use of biomarkers to direct therapy are warranted.
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13
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Sakhare SS, Rao GG, Mandape SN, Pratap S. Transcriptome profile of OVCAR3 cisplatin-resistant ovarian cancer cell line. BMC Bioinformatics 2014. [PMCID: PMC4196045 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2105-15-s10-p21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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14
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El Touny LH, Vieira A, Mendoza A, Khanna C, Hoenerhoff MJ, Green JE. Combined SFK/MEK inhibition prevents metastatic outgrowth of dormant tumor cells. J Clin Invest 2013; 124:156-68. [PMID: 24316974 DOI: 10.1172/jci70259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2013] [Accepted: 10/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) can recur as metastatic disease many years after primary tumor removal, suggesting that disseminated tumor cells survive for extended periods in a dormant state that is refractory to conventional therapies. We have previously shown that altering the tumor microenvironment through fibrosis with collagen and fibronectin deposition can trigger tumor cells to switch from a dormant to a proliferative state. Here, we used an in vivo preclinical model and a 3D in vitro model of dormancy to evaluate the role of Src family kinase (SFK) in regulating this dormant-to-proliferative switch. We found that pharmacological inhibition of SFK signaling or Src knockdown results in the nuclear localization of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27 and prevents the proliferative outbreak of dormant BC cells and metastatic lesion formation; however, SFK inhibition did not kill dormant cells. Dormant cell proliferation also required ERK1/2 activation. Combination treatment of cells undergoing the dormant-to-proliferative switch with the Src inhibitor (AZD0530) and MEK1/2 inhibitor (AZD6244) induced apoptosis in a large fraction of the dormant cells and delayed metastatic outgrowth, neither of which was observed with either inhibitor alone. Thus, targeting Src prevents the proliferative response of dormant cells to external stimuli, but requires MEK1/2 inhibition to suppress their survival. These data indicate that treatments targeting Src in combination with MEK1/2 may prevent BC recurrence.
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15
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Fang L, Cheng Q, Bai J, Qi YD, Liu JJ, Li LT, Zheng JN. An oncolytic adenovirus expressing interleukin-24 enhances antitumor activities in combination with paclitaxel in breast cancer cells. Mol Med Rep 2013; 8:1416-24. [PMID: 24042845 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2013.1680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2013] [Accepted: 08/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic adenoviruses are a novel class of anticancer treatment, based upon their ability to replicate selectively within malignant cells resulting in cell lysis. The replication‑selective adenovirus, ZD55‑IL‑24, was constructed by harboring an E1B‑55 kDa deletion and arming with interleukin-24 (IL-24). The microtubule‑stabilizing drug paclitaxel (PTX) exhibits activity in relapsed cancer. In the present study, the synergistic antitumor effects of the combination of PTX and ZD55‑IL‑24 on breast cancer cells was investigated. The results demonstrated that there were different roles for PTX in the expression of transgenic mRNA and protein. ZD55‑IL‑24 combined with PTX induced marked growth inhibition of MDA‑MB‑231 and Bcap‑37 cells. PTX increased viral uptake and appeared not to alter the replication of ZD55‑IL‑24 in breast cancer cells. Annexin V‑fluorescein isothiocyanate/propidium iodide staining and the Hoechst 33258 assay indicated that ZD55‑IL‑24 induced an increase in the number of apoptotic cells when administered in combination with PTX. It was demonstrated that ZD55‑IL‑24 conjugated with PTX was highly concomitant, and increased proapoptotic proteins levels, activated caspase‑3, -7 and -9 and downregulated anti‑apoptotic proteins. These results suggested that ZD55‑IL‑24 in combination with PTX exhibited a markedly increased cytotoxic and apoptosis‑inducing effect in breast cancer cells. Thus, this chemo‑gene‑viro therapeutic strategy was demonstrated to be superior to conventional chemotherapy or gene‑viro therapy alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Fang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biological Cancer Therapy, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, P.R. China
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16
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Soares AS, Costa VM, Diniz C, Fresco P. Potentiation of cytotoxicity of paclitaxel in combination with Cl-IB-MECA in human C32 metastatic melanoma cells: A new possible therapeutic strategy for melanoma. Biomed Pharmacother 2013; 67:777-89. [PMID: 24035253 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2013.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2013] [Accepted: 08/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastatic melanoma monotherapies with drugs such as dacarbazine, cisplatin or paclitaxel (PXT) are associated with significant toxicity and low efficacy rates. These facts reinforce the need for development of novel agents or combinatory strategies. Cl-IB-MECA is a small molecule, orally bioavailable, well tolerated and currently under clinical trials as an anticancer agent. Our aim was to investigate a possible combinatory therapeutic strategy using PXT and Cl-IB-MECA on human C32 melanoma cells and its underlying mechanisms. Cytotoxicity was evaluated using MTT reduction, lactate dehydrogenase leakage and neutral red uptake assays, for different concentrations and combinations of both agents, at 24 and 48 h. Apoptosis was also assessed using fluorescence microscopy and through the evaluation of caspases 8, 9, and 3 activities. We demonstrated, for the first time, that combination of PXT and Cl-IB-MECA significantly increases cytotoxicity for clinically relevant concentrations. This combination seems to act synergistically in disrupting membrane integrity, but also causing lysosomal and mitochondrial dysfunction. When using the lowest PTX concentration (10 ng/mL), co-incubation with CI-IB-MECA (micromolar concentrations) potentiated overall cytotoxic effects and morphological signs of apoptosis. All combinations studied enhanced caspase 8, 9, and 3 activities, suggesting the involvement of both intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways. The possibility that cytotoxicity elicited by Cl-IB-MECA, alone or in combination with PXT, involves adenosine receptor activation was discarded and results confirmed that oxidative stress is only involved in cytotoxicity after treatment with PXT, alone. Being melanoma a very apoptosis-resistance cancer, this combination seems to hold promise as a new therapeutic strategy for melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana S Soares
- REQUIMTE/Laboratório de Farmacologia, Departamento de Ciências do Medicamento, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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17
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Synergistic antitumor effects of dasatinib and oxaliplatin in gastric cancer cells. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2013; 72:35-44. [DOI: 10.1007/s00280-013-2166-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2013] [Accepted: 04/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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18
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Low-dose SN-38 with paclitaxel induces lethality in human uterine cervical adenocarcinoma cells by increasing caspase activity. Med Mol Morphol 2013; 47:31-7. [PMID: 23504048 DOI: 10.1007/s00795-013-0036-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2012] [Accepted: 02/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Combination of anticancer drugs may provide a rational molecular basis for novel chemotherapeutic strategies. Paclitaxel and SN-38 (an active metabolite of CPT-11) are effective for many kinds of cancer. Therefore, we investigated the possibility that combination of these drugs could be effective against cervical adenocarcinoma cells. In this study, we examined cell growth inhibition after 96 h using the MTT assay and examined the release of fragmented DNA into the cytoplasm during apoptotic cell death by PI staining. Single and combined use of paclitaxel and SN-38 produced significant cytolethality against the cervical adenocarcinoma cell line CAC-1. Addition of a low concentration of SN-38 reduced the IC50 value of paclitaxel compared to that without SN-38, although the low concentration of paclitaxel did not enhance the cytotoxicity of SN-38. FACS scan analysis suggested that these drugs induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest, and that caspase-3 and -7 were activated in the process. MTT assay and the IC50 demonstrated that paclitaxel had strong cytotoxicity against CAC-1 as well as other cancer cells. In this study, though only a single cell line was used for the experiment and the data are limited, our results suggest that paclitaxel together with low-dose CPT-11 is a promising basis for a new combination cancer chemotherapy.
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Yuan SF, Chen WJ, Zhu LJ, Zheng WE, Chen H, Xiong JP. Effects of monoclonal antibodies against human stathmin combined with paclitaxel on proliferation of the QG-56 human lung carcinoma cell line. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2013; 13:2967-71. [PMID: 22938491 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2012.13.6.2967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore whether monoclonal antibodies against stathmin and the chemotherapuetic agent paclitaxel have synergenic effects in inhibiting growth and inducing apoptosis in human QG-56 cells. METHODS QG-56 cells were treated with monoclonal antibodies against stathmin or paclitaxel alone or in combination, with untreated cells used as controls. After 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours the cell growth condition was observed under an inverted microscope and inhibition was studied by MTT assay; apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry. RESULTS The populations decreased and cell shape and size changed after the various treatments. Monoclonal antibodies against stathmin and paclitaxel used alone or incombination inhibited the proliferation of QG-56 cells, especially in combination with synergism (P<0.05). Combined treatment also resulted in a significantly higher apoptosis rate than in the other groups (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Monoclonal antibodies against stathmin and paclitaxel used alone or in combination can inhibit proliferation of QG-56 cells and induce apoptosis when applied together, The observed synergistic effects may have important implications for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Fei Yuan
- Cancer Center, Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
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20
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Wu ZH, Lu MK, Hu LY, Li X. Praziquantel synergistically enhances paclitaxel efficacy to inhibit cancer cell growth. PLoS One 2012; 7:e51721. [PMID: 23251610 PMCID: PMC3520897 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0051721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2012] [Accepted: 11/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The major challenges we are facing in cancer therapy with paclitaxel (PTX) are the drug resistance and severe side effects. Massive efforts have been made to overcome these clinical challenges by combining PTX with other drugs. In this study, we reported the first preclinical data that praziquantel (PZQ), an anti-parasite agent, could greatly enhance the anticancer efficacy of PTX in various cancer cell lines, including PTX-resistant cell lines. Based on the combination index value, we demonstrated that PZQ synergistically enhanced PTX-induced cell growth inhibition. The co-treatment of PZQ and PTX also induced significant mitotic arrest and activated the apoptotic cascade. Moreover, PZQ combined with PTX resulted in a more pronounced inhibition of tumor growth compared with either drug alone in a mouse xenograft model. We tried to investigate the possible mechanisms of this synergistic efficacy induced by PZQ and PTX, and we found that the co-treatment of the two drugs could markedly decrease expression of X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP), an anti-apoptotic protein. Our data further demonstrated that down-regulation of XIAP was required for the synergistic interaction between PZQ and PTX. Together, this study suggested that the combination of PZQ and PTX may represent a novel and effective anticancer strategy for optimizing PTX therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Hua Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, P.R. China
| | - Ming-ke Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, P.R. China
| | - Long Yu Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, P.R. China
| | - Xiaotong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, P.R. China
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
Although c-Abl and Arg non-receptor tyrosine kinases are well known for driving leukemia development, their role in solid tumors has not been appreciated until recently. Accumulating evidence now indicates that c-Abl and/or Arg are activated in some solid tumor cell lines via unique mechanisms that do not involve gene mutation/translocation, and c-Abl/Arg activation promotes matrix degradation, invasion, proliferation, tumorigenesis, and/or metastasis, depending on the tumor type. However, some data suggest that c-Abl also may suppress invasion, proliferation, and tumorigenesis in certain cell contexts. Thus, c-Abl/Arg may serve as molecular switches that suppress proliferation and invasion in response to some stimuli (e.g., ephrins) or when inactive/regulated, or as promote invasion and proliferation in response to other signals (e.g., activated growth factor receptors, loss of inhibitor expression), which induce sustained activation. Clearly, more data are required to determine the extent and prevalence of c-Abl/Arg activation in primary tumors and during progression, and additional animal studies are needed to substantiate in vitro findings. Furthermore, c-Abl/Arg inhibitors have been used in numerous solid tumor clinical trials; however, none of these trials were restricted to patients whose tumors expressed highly activated c-Abl/Arg (targeted trial). Targeted trials are critical for determining whether c-Abl/Arg inhibitors can be effective treatment options for patients whose tumors are driven by c-Abl/Arg.
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22
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Simpkins F, Hevia-Paez P, Sun J, Ullmer W, Gilbert CA, da Silva T, Pedram A, Levin ER, Reis IM, Rabinovich B, Azzam D, Xu XX, Ince TA, Yang JY, Verhaak RGW, Lu Y, Mills GB, Slingerland JM. Src Inhibition with saracatinib reverses fulvestrant resistance in ER-positive ovarian cancer models in vitro and in vivo. Clin Cancer Res 2012; 18:5911-23. [PMID: 22896656 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-12-1257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE More effective, less toxic treatments for recurrent ovarian cancer are needed. Although more than 60% of ovarian cancers express the estrogen receptor (ER), ER-targeted drugs have been disappointing due to drug resistance. In other estrogen-sensitive cancers, estrogen activates Src to phosphorylate p27 promoting its degradation and increasing cell-cycle progression. Because Src is activated in most ovarian cancers, we investigated whether combined Src and ER blockade by saracatinib and fulvestrant would circumvent antiestrogen resistance. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN ER and Src were assayed in 338 primary ovarian cancers. Dual ER and Src blockade effects on cell cycle, ER target gene expression, and survival were assayed in ERα+ ovarian cancer lines, a primary human ovarian cancer culture in vitro, and on xenograft growth. RESULTS Most primary ovarian cancers express ER. Src activity was greater in ovarian cancer lines than normal epithelial lines. Estrogen activated Src, ER-Src binding, and ER translocation from cytoplasm to nucleus. Estrogen-mediated mitogenesis was via ERα, not ERβ. While each alone had little effect, combined saracatinib and fulvestrant increased p27 and inhibited cyclin E-Cdk2 and cell-cycle progression. Saracatinib also impaired induction of ER-target genes c-Myc and FOSL1; this was greatest with dual therapy. Combined therapy induced autophagy and more effectively inhibited ovarian cancer xenograft growth than monotherapy. CONCLUSIONS Saracatinib augments effects of fulvestrant by opposing estrogen-mediated Src activation and target gene expression, increasing cell-cycle arrest, and impairing survival, all of which would oppose antiestrogen resistance in these ER+ ovarian cancer models. These data support further preclinical and clinical evaluation of combined fulvestrant and saracatinib in ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona Simpkins
- Braman Family Breast Cancer Institute and Division of Biostatistics, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Miami Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miami, Florida 33136, USA
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Aziz K, Nowsheen S, Pantelias G, Iliakis G, Gorgoulis VG, Georgakilas AG. Targeting DNA damage and repair: embracing the pharmacological era for successful cancer therapy. Pharmacol Ther 2011; 133:334-50. [PMID: 22197993 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2011.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2011] [Accepted: 11/30/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
DNA is under constant assault from genotoxic agents which creates different kinds of DNA damage. The precise replication of the genome and the continuous surveillance of its integrity are critical for survival and the avoidance of carcinogenesis. Cells have evolved an arsenal of repair pathways and cell cycle checkpoints to detect and repair DNA damage. When repair fails, typically cell cycle progression is halted and apoptosis is initiated. Here, we review the different sources and types of DNA damage including DNA replication stress and oxidative stress, the repair pathways that cells utilize to repair damaged DNA, and discuss their biological significance, especially with reference to cancer induction and cancer therapy. We also describe the main methodologies currently used for the detection of DNA damage with their strengths and limitations. We conclude with an outline as to how this information can be used to identify novel pharmacological targets for DNA repair pathways or enhancers of DNA damage to develop improved treatment strategies that will benefit cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Aziz
- Department of Radiation Oncology & Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
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