1
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Woolman M, Kiyota T, Belgadi SA, Fujita N, Fiorante A, Ramaswamy V, Daniels C, Rutka JT, McIntosh C, Munoz DG, Ginsberg HJ, Aman A, Zarrine-Afsar A. Lipidomic-Based Approach to 10 s Classification of Major Pediatric Brain Cancer Types with Picosecond Infrared Laser Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2024; 96:1019-1028. [PMID: 38190738 PMCID: PMC10809247 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c03156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Picosecond infrared laser mass spectrometry (PIRL-MS) is shown, through a retrospective patient tissue study, to differentiate medulloblastoma cancers from pilocytic astrocytoma and two molecular subtypes of ependymoma (PF-EPN-A, ST-EPN-RELA) using laser-extracted lipids profiled with PIRL-MS in 10 s of sampling and analysis time. The average sensitivity and specificity values for this classification, taking genomic profiling data as standard, were 96.41 and 99.54%, and this classification used many molecular features resolvable in 10 s PIRL-MS spectra. Data analysis and liquid chromatography coupled with tandem high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) further allowed us to reduce the molecular feature list to only 18 metabolic lipid markers most strongly involved in this classification. The identified 'metabolite array' was comprised of a variety of phosphatidic and fatty acids, ceramides, and phosphatidylcholine/ethanolamine and could mediate the above-mentioned classification with average sensitivity and specificity values of 94.39 and 98.78%, respectively, at a 95% confidence in prediction probability threshold. Therefore, a rapid and accurate pathology classification of select pediatric brain cancer types from 10 s PIRL-MS analysis using known metabolic biomarkers can now be available to the neurosurgeon. Based on retrospective mining of 'survival' versus 'extent-of-resection' data, we further identified pediatric cancer types that may benefit from actionable 10 s PIRL-MS pathology feedback. In such cases, aggressiveness of the surgical resection can be optimized in a manner that is expected to benefit the patient's overall or progression-free survival. PIRL-MS is a promising tool to drive such personalized decision-making in the operating theater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Woolman
- Princess
Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health
Network, 101 College
Street, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
- Department
of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, 101 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Taira Kiyota
- Ontario
Institute for Cancer Research (OICR), 661 University Ave Suite 510, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A3, Canada
| | - Siham A. Belgadi
- Department
of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, 101 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Naohide Fujita
- Arthur
and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Alexa Fiorante
- Princess
Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health
Network, 101 College
Street, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
- Department
of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, 101 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Vijay Ramaswamy
- Department
of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, 101 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
- Arthur
and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Craig Daniels
- Arthur
and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - James T. Rutka
- Arthur
and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A4, Canada
- Department
of Surgery, University of Toronto, 149 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5T 1P5, Canada
| | - Chris McIntosh
- Toronto
General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, 200 Elizabeth Street, Toronto, Ontario M5G-2C4, Canada
| | - David G. Munoz
- Keenan
Research Center for Biomedical Science & the Li Ka Shing Knowledge
Institute, St. Michael’s Hospital, 30 Bond Street, Toronto, Ontario M5B 1W8, Canada
- Department
of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, 1 King’s College Circle, Sixth Floor, Toronto,Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Howard J. Ginsberg
- Department
of Surgery, University of Toronto, 149 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5T 1P5, Canada
- Keenan
Research Center for Biomedical Science & the Li Ka Shing Knowledge
Institute, St. Michael’s Hospital, 30 Bond Street, Toronto, Ontario M5B 1W8, Canada
- Department
of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, 1 King’s College Circle, Sixth Floor, Toronto,Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Ahmed Aman
- Ontario
Institute for Cancer Research (OICR), 661 University Ave Suite 510, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A3, Canada
- Leslie
Dan, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of
Toronto, 144 College
Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Arash Zarrine-Afsar
- Princess
Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health
Network, 101 College
Street, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
- Department
of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, 101 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
- Department
of Surgery, University of Toronto, 149 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5T 1P5, Canada
- Keenan
Research Center for Biomedical Science & the Li Ka Shing Knowledge
Institute, St. Michael’s Hospital, 30 Bond Street, Toronto, Ontario M5B 1W8, Canada
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2
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Aboubakr O, Métais A, Doz F, Saffroy R, Masliah-Planchon J, Hasty L, Beccaria K, Ayrault O, Dufour C, Varlet P, Tauziède-Espariat A. LEF-1 immunohistochemistry, a better diagnostic biomarker than β-catenin for medulloblastoma, WNT-activated subtyping. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2024; 83:136-138. [PMID: 38237134 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlad104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/22/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Oumaima Aboubakr
- Department of Neuropathology, GHU Paris-Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France
- Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Necker Hospital, APHP, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Alice Métais
- Department of Neuropathology, GHU Paris-Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France
- Université de Paris, Paris, France
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neurosciences de Paris (IPNP), UMR S1266, INSERM, IMA-BRAIN, Paris, France
| | - François Doz
- Université de Paris, Paris, France
- Institut Curie, Paris Sciences Lettres University, SIREDO, INSERM U830, Laboratory of translational research in pediatric oncology, Paris, France
- INSERM U830, Laboratoire de Génétique et Biologie des Cancers, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Raphaël Saffroy
- Department of Biochemistry and Oncogenetics, Paul Brousse Hospital, Villejuif, France
| | - Julien Masliah-Planchon
- Institut Curie, Laboratory of Somatic Genetics, PMDT, Paris Sciences Lettres Research University Paris, France
| | - Lauren Hasty
- Department of Neuropathology, GHU Paris-Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Kevin Beccaria
- Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Necker Hospital, APHP, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Ayrault
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR, INSERM, Orsay, France
- Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR 3347, INSERM U1021, Orsay, France
| | - Christelle Dufour
- Department of Children and Adolescents Oncology, Gustave Roussy, Paris Saclay University, Villejuif, France
| | - Pascale Varlet
- Department of Neuropathology, GHU Paris-Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France
- Université de Paris, Paris, France
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neurosciences de Paris (IPNP), UMR S1266, INSERM, IMA-BRAIN, Paris, France
| | - Arnault Tauziède-Espariat
- Department of Neuropathology, GHU Paris-Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France
- Université de Paris, Paris, France
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neurosciences de Paris (IPNP), UMR S1266, INSERM, IMA-BRAIN, Paris, France
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3
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Cohen KJ, Munjapara V, Aguilera D, Castellino RC, Stapleton SL, Landi D, Ashley DM, Rodriguez FJ, Hawkins C, Yang E, London W, Chi S, Bandopadhayay P. A Pilot Study Omitting Radiation in the Treatment of Children with Newly Diagnosed Wnt-Activated Medulloblastoma. Clin Cancer Res 2023; 29:5031-5037. [PMID: 37498309 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-23-0348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Treatment of wingless (WNT)-activated medulloblastoma (WNT+MB) with surgery, irradiation (XRT), and chemotherapy results in excellent outcomes. We studied the efficacy of therapy de-intensification by omitting XRT entirely in children with WNT+MB. PATIENTS AND METHODS Tumors were molecularly screened to confirm the diagnosis of WNT+MB. Eligible children were treated within 31 days following surgery with nine cycles of adjuvant chemotherapy per ACNS0331. No XRT was planned. The primary endpoint was the occurrence of relapse, progression, or death in the absence of XRT within the first two years after study enrollment. Four events in the first 10 evaluable patients would result in early study closure. RESULTS Fourteen children were prescreened, and nine met the protocol definition of WNT+MB. Six of the nine eligible patients consented to protocol therapy, and five completed planned protocol therapy. The first two children enrolled relapsed shortly after therapy completion with local and leptomeningeal recurrences. The study was closed early due to safety concerns. Both children are surviving after XRT and additional chemotherapy. A third child relapsed at completion of therapy but died of progressive disease 35 months from diagnosis. Two children finished treatment but immediately received post-treatment XRT to guard against early relapse. The final child's treatment was aborted in favor of a high-dose therapy/stem cell rescue approach. Although OS at 5 years is 83%, no child received only planned protocol therapy, with all receiving eventual XRT and/or alternative therapy. CONCLUSIONS Radiotherapy is required to effectively treat children with WNT-altered medulloblastoma. See related commentary by Gottardo and Gajjar, p. 4996.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth J Cohen
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Vasu Munjapara
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Dolly Aguilera
- Department of Pediatrics, Aflac Cancer & Blood Disorders Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Robert C Castellino
- Department of Pediatrics, Aflac Cancer & Blood Disorders Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Stacie L Stapleton
- Cancer and Blood Disorders Institute, Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital, St. Petersburg, Florida
| | - Daniel Landi
- Department of Pediatrics, The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center at Duke University Medical Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - David M Ashley
- Department of Surgery, The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center at Duke University Medical Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Fausto J Rodriguez
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Cynthia Hawkins
- Department of Paediatric Laboratory Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, The University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Edward Yang
- Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Wendy London
- Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Susan Chi
- Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Pratiti Bandopadhayay
- Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Boston, Massachusetts
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4
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Korshunov A, Okonechnikov K, Schrimpf D, Tonn S, Mynarek M, Koster J, Sievers P, Milde T, Sahm F, Jones DTW, von Deimling A, Pfister SM, Kool M. Transcriptome analysis stratifies second-generation non-WNT/non-SHH medulloblastoma subgroups into clinically tractable subtypes. Acta Neuropathol 2023; 145:829-842. [PMID: 37093271 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-023-02575-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Medulloblastoma (MB), one of the most common malignant pediatric brain tumor, is a heterogenous disease comprised of four distinct molecular groups (WNT, SHH, Group 3, Group 4). Each of these groups can be further subdivided into second-generation MB (SGS MB) molecular subgroups, each with distinct genetic and clinical characteristics. For instance, non-WNT/non-SHH MB (Group 3/4) can be subdivided molecularly into eight distinct and clinically relevant tumor subgroups. A further molecular stratification/summarization of these SGS MB would allow for the assignment of patients to risk-associated treatment protocols. Here, we performed DNA- and RNA-based analysis of 574 non-WNT/non-SHH MB and analyzed the clinical significance of various molecular patterns within the entire cohort and the eight SGS MB, with the aim to develop an optimal risk stratification of these tumors. Multigene analysis disclosed several survival-associated genes highly specific for each molecular subgroup within this non-WNT/non-SHH MB cohort with minimal inter-subgroup overlap. These subgroup-specific and prognostically relevant genes were associated with pathways that could underlie SGS MB clinical-molecular diversity and tumor-driving mechanisms. By combining survival-associated genes within each SGS MB, distinct metagene sets being appropriate for their optimal risk stratification were identified. Defined subgroup-specific metagene sets were independent variables in the multivariate models generated for each SGS MB and their prognostic value was confirmed in a completely non-overlapping validation cohort of non-WNT/non-SHH MB (n = 377). In summary, the current results indicate that the integration of transcriptome data in risk stratification models may improve outcome prediction for each non-WNT/non-SHH SGS MB. Identified subgroup-specific gene expression signatures could be relevant for clinical implementation and survival-associated metagene sets could be adopted for further SGS MB risk stratification. Future studies should aim at validating the prognostic role of these transcriptome-based SGS MB subtypes in prospective clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey Korshunov
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology (B300), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
- Department of Neuropathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Konstantin Okonechnikov
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Pediatric Neuro-Oncology (B062), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Daniel Schrimpf
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology (B300), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Neuropathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Svenja Tonn
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology and Mildred Scheel Cancer Career Center HaTriCS4, Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Martin Mynarek
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology and Mildred Scheel Cancer Career Center HaTriCS4, Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jan Koster
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam and Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Philipp Sievers
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology (B300), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Neuropathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Till Milde
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology (B300), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Pediatric Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Felix Sahm
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology (B300), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Neuropathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - David T W Jones
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Pediatric Glioma Research (B360), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas von Deimling
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology (B300), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Neuropathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan M Pfister
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Pediatric Neuro-Oncology (B062), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marcel Kool
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Pediatric Neuro-Oncology (B062), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, 3584CS, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Molecular subgrouping of medulloblastoma in pediatric population using the NanoString assay and comparison with immunohistochemistry methods. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:1221. [PMID: 36437460 PMCID: PMC9703680 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-10328-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Molecular subgrouping of medulloblastoma has become important due to its impact on risk group stratification. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) has been widely used but it has innate limitations. The NanoString assay has been proposed as an alternative method. This study aims to present the characteristics of medulloblastoma subgrouped by the NanoString assay and to compare the subgrouping results with the IHC method. METHODS Pediatric patients with histological diagnosis of medulloblastoma who underwent surgery from 2007 to 2021 were included. Clinical characteristics, pathological findings were reviewed. Molecular subgrouping was performed by IHC and by NanoString nCounter Elements TagSets assay. Test for concordance between two methods was made. RESULTS Among a total of 101 patients analyzed, subgrouping using the NanoString assay resulted in 14 (13.8%) WNT, 20 (19.8%) SHH, 18 (17.8%) Group 3, and 39 (38.6%) Group 4 subgroup cases. Survival analysis revealed the following from best to worse prognosis: WNT, Group 4, SHH, and Group 3. In SHH subgroup the large cell/anaplastic histology was present in 30% of cases. Seventy-one cases were analyzed for concordance between NanoString and IHC. Cohen's kappa value indicated moderate agreement but identification of Groups 3 and 4 with IHC using NPR3 and KCNA1 markers exhibited poor results. CONCLUSIONS The NanoString assay of Korean medulloblastoma patients revealed a more aggressive clinical course in the SHH subgroup which may be explained by a higher proportion of large cell/anaplastic histology being present in this subgroup. IHC did not distinguish Group 3 or 4 accurately. The NanoString assay may represent a good alternative method for practical use in the clinical field.
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6
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Immunohistochemical staining of LEF-1 is a useful marker for distinguishing WNT-activated medulloblastomas. Diagn Pathol 2022; 17:69. [PMID: 36096860 PMCID: PMC9469524 DOI: 10.1186/s13000-022-01250-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To investigate lymphoid enhancer factor 1 (LEF-1) protein expression in medulloblastomas (MBs) and its correlation with molecular grouping of MBs. Methods Expressions of LEF-1 and β-catenin were detected by immunohistochemistry, and molecular grouping was performed based on the NanoString and sequencing techniques for 30 MBs. Results By genetic defining, 3 MBs were WNT-activated, 11 were SHH-activated, 3 were in Group 3 and 13 in Group 4 respectively. Nuclear LEF-1 staining was found in 8 MBs using immunohistochemical method. Three out of 8 showed diffuse and strong nuclear LEF-1 staining which were proved to be WNT-activated genetically, while the other 5 MBs with focal staining were SHH-activated genetically. The expression of LEF-1 protein was significantly correlated with genetically defined WNT-activated MBs (P < 0.0001). We also found focal nuclear β-catenin expression ( less than 1% of tumor cells) in 5 MBs. LEF-1 positivity was significantly correlated nuclear β-catenin expression (p < 0.001). Conclusions Immunohistochemical staining of LEF-1 can be used as a supplement for β-catenin to diagnosis WNT-activated Medulloblastomas, when β-catenin is difficult to recognize for its cytoplasm/membrane staining background. Diffuse nuclear staining of LEF-1 indicates WNT-activated MB.
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7
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Naeem A, Harish V, Coste S, Parasido EM, Choudhry MU, Kromer LF, Ihemelandu C, Petricoin EF, Pierobon M, Noon MS, Yenugonda VM, Avantaggiati M, Kupfer GM, Fricke S, Rodriguez O, Albanese C. Regulation of Chemosensitivity in Human Medulloblastoma Cells by p53 and the PI3 Kinase Signaling Pathway. Mol Cancer Res 2022; 20:114-126. [PMID: 34635507 PMCID: PMC8738155 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-21-0277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
In medulloblastoma, p53 expression has been associated with chemoresistance and radiation resistance and with poor long-term outcomes in the p53-mutated sonic hedgehog, MYC-p53, and p53-positive medulloblastoma subgroups. We previously established a direct role for p53 in supporting drug resistance in medulloblastoma cells with high basal protein expression levels (D556 and DAOY). We now show that p53 genetic suppression in medulloblastoma cells with low basal p53 protein expression levels (D283 and UW228) significantly reduced drug responsiveness, suggesting opposing roles for low p53 protein expression levels. Mechanistically, the enhanced cell death by p53 knockdown in high-p53 cells was associated with an induction of mTOR/PI3K signaling. Both mTOR inhibition and p110α/PIK3CA induction confirmed these findings, which abrogated or accentuated the enhanced chemosensitivity response in D556 cells respectively while converse was seen in D283 cells. Co-treatment with G-actin-sequestering peptide, thymosin β4 (Tβ4), induced p-AKTS473 in both p53-high and p53-low cells, enhancing chemosensitivity in D556 cells while enhancing chemoresistance in D283 and UW228 cells. IMPLICATIONS: Collectively, we identified an unexpected role for the PI3K signaling in enhancing cell death in medulloblastoma cells with high basal p53 expression. These studies indicate that levels of p53 immunopositivity may serve as a diagnostic marker of chemotherapy resistance and for defining therapeutic targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisha Naeem
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC.,Health Research Governance Department, Ministry of Public Health, Doha, Qatar
| | - Varsha Harish
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC
| | - Sophie Coste
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC
| | - Erika M. Parasido
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC
| | - Muhammad Umer Choudhry
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC
| | - Lawrence F. Kromer
- Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC
| | - Chukuemeka Ihemelandu
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC
| | - Emanuel F. Petricoin
- George Mason University, Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, Manassas, Virginia
| | - Mariaelena Pierobon
- George Mason University, Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, Manassas, Virginia
| | | | | | - Maria Avantaggiati
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC
| | - Gary M. Kupfer
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC.,Department of Pediatrics, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC
| | - Stanley Fricke
- Department of Radiology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC.,Center for Translational Imaging, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC
| | - Olga Rodriguez
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC.,Center for Translational Imaging, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC
| | - Chris Albanese
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC.,Department of Radiology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC.,Center for Translational Imaging, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC.,Corresponding Author: Chris Albanese, Department of OncologyGeorgetown University Medical Center, Lombardi Cancer Center, NRB W417, Washington, DC 20007. Phone: 202-687-3305; E-mail:
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8
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Cole BL. Neuropathology of Pediatric Brain Tumors: A Concise Review. Neurosurgery 2022; 90:7-15. [PMID: 34114043 DOI: 10.1093/neuros/nyab182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pediatric brain tumors are an incredibly diverse group of neoplasms and neuropathological tumor classification is an essential part of patient care. Classification of pediatric brain tumors has changed considerably in recent years as molecular diagnostics have become incorporated with routine histopathology in the diagnostic process. This article will focus on the fundamental major histologic, immunohistochemical, and molecular features that neuropathologists use to make an integrated diagnosis of pediatric brain tumors. This concise review will focus on tumors that are integral to the central nervous system in pediatric patients including: embryonal tumors, low and high grade gliomas, glioneuronal tumors, ependymomas, and choroid plexus tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bonnie L Cole
- Department of Laboratories, Seattle Children's Hospital , Seattle , Washington , USA.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine , Seattle , Washington , USA
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9
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Korshunov A, Okonechnikov K, Stichel D, Schrimpf D, Delaidelli A, Tonn S, Mynarek M, Sievers P, Sahm F, Jones DTW, von Deimling A, Pfister SM, Kool M. Gene expression profiling of Group 3 medulloblastomas defines a clinically tractable stratification based on KIRREL2 expression. Acta Neuropathol 2022; 144:339-352. [PMID: 35771282 PMCID: PMC9288368 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-022-02460-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Medulloblastomas (MB) molecularly designated as Group 3 (Grp 3) MB represent a more clinically aggressive tumor variant which, as a group, displays heterogeneous molecular characteristics and disease outcomes. Reliable risk stratification of Grp 3 MB would allow for appropriate assignment of patients to aggressive treatment protocols and, vice versa, for sparing adverse effects of high-dose radio-chemotherapy in patients with standard or low-risk tumors. Here we performed RNA-based analysis on an international cohort of 179 molecularly designated Grp 3 MB treated with HIT protocols. We analyzed the clinical significance of differentially expressed genes, thereby developing optimal prognostic subdivision of this MB molecular group. We compared the transcriptome profiles of two Grp 3 MB subsets with various outcomes (76 died within the first 60 months vs. 103 survived this period) and identified 224 differentially expressed genes (DEG) between these two clinical groups (Limma R algorithm, adjusted p-value < 0.05). We selected the top six DEG overexpressed in the unfavorable cohort for further survival analysis and found that expression of all six genes strongly correlated with poor outcomes. However, only high expression of KIRREL2 was identified as an independent molecular prognostic indicator of poor patients' survival. Based on clinical and molecular patterns, four risk categories were outlined for Grp 3 MB patients: i. low-risk: M0-1/MYC non-amplified/KIRREL2 low (n = 48; 5-year OS-95%); ii. standard-risk: M0-1/MYC non-amplified/KIRREL2 high or M2-3/MYC non-amplified/KIRREL2 low (n = 65; 5-year OS-70%); iii. high-risk: M2-3/MYC non-amplified/KIRREL2 high (n = 36; 5-year OS-30%); iv. very high risk-all MYC amplified tumors (n = 30; 5-year OS-0%). Cross-validated survival models incorporating KIRREL2 expression with clinical features allowed for the reclassification of up to 50% of Grp 3 MB patients into a more appropriate risk category. Finally, KIRREL2 immunopositivity was also identified as a predictive indicator of Grp 3 MB poor survival, thus suggesting its application as a possible prognostic marker in routine clinical settings. Our results indicate that integration of KIRREL2 expression in risk stratification models may improve Grp 3 MB outcome prediction. Therefore, simple gene and/or protein expression analyses for this molecular marker could be easily adopted for Grp 3 MB prognostication and may help in assigning patients to optimal therapeutic approaches in prospective clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey Korshunov
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology (B300), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany. .,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany. .,Department of Neuropathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany. .,Hopp Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Konstantin Okonechnikov
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany ,Hopp Children’s Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany ,Division of Pediatric Neuro-Oncology (B062), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Damian Stichel
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology (B300), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany ,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany ,Department of Neuropathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Daniel Schrimpf
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology (B300), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany ,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany ,Department of Neuropathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alberto Delaidelli
- Department of Molecular Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC Canada ,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC Canada
| | - Svenja Tonn
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Martin Mynarek
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Philipp Sievers
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology (B300), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany ,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany ,Department of Neuropathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Felix Sahm
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology (B300), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany ,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany ,Department of Neuropathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany ,Hopp Children’s Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - David T. W. Jones
- Hopp Children’s Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany ,Division of Pediatric Glioma Research (B360), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas von Deimling
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology (B300), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany ,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany ,Department of Neuropathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany ,Hopp Children’s Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan M. Pfister
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany ,Hopp Children’s Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany ,Division of Pediatric Neuro-Oncology (B062), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany ,Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marcel Kool
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany ,Hopp Children’s Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany ,Division of Pediatric Neuro-Oncology (B062), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany ,Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands
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10
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Alvarez-Arellano L, Eguía-Aguilar P, Piña-Sánchez P, González-García N, Palma-Guzman A, Perezpeña-Diazconti M, Maldonado-Bernal C. High expression of Toll-like receptor 7 is a survival factor in pediatric medulloblastoma. Childs Nerv Syst 2021; 37:3743-3752. [PMID: 34480601 DOI: 10.1007/s00381-021-05347-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Medulloblastoma is an embryonal brain tumor that predominantly occurs in childhood with a wide histological and molecular variability. Our aim was to investigate the expression of Toll-like receptors (TLRs), their association with the infiltration of immune cells and with the histological subgroups, and, also, with the overall survival of patients. METHODS Fifty-six paraffin-preserved biopsies from children with medulloblastoma of the classic, desmoplastic, and anaplastic subtypes were included. Microarrays of tissues were performed, and the infiltration of T and NK cells was quantified, as well as the expression of TLR7, TLR8, and TLR9. For all statistical analyses, significance was p < 0.05. RESULTS CD4 + and CD8 + T lymphocytes and NK cells were found infiltrating the tumor. The infiltration of NK and CD4 + cells was greater in the classic and desmoplastic subtypes than in anaplastic. We found an important expression of TLRs in all medulloblastomas, but TLR7 and TLR8 were considerably higher in classic and desmoplastic subtypes than in anaplastic. Importantly, we observed that TLR7 was a prognostic factor for survival. CONCLUSIONS Medulloblastomas present cellular infiltration and a differential expression of TLRs depending on the histological subtype. TLR7 is a prognostic factor of survival that is dependent on treatment and age.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pilar Eguía-Aguilar
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Departamento de Patología Clínica y Experimental, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Patricia Piña-Sánchez
- Laboratorio de Oncología Molecular, Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Oncológicas, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Nadia González-García
- Laboratorio de Neurociencias, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alam Palma-Guzman
- Laboratorio Nacional de Microscopia Avanzada, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mario Perezpeña-Diazconti
- Departamento de Biomedicina Cardiovascular, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Carmen Maldonado-Bernal
- Unidad de Investigación en Inmunología y Proteómica , Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City, Mexico.
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11
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Frappaz D, Barritault M, Montané L, Laigle-Donadey F, Chinot O, Le Rhun E, Bonneville-Levard A, Hottinger AF, Meyronnet D, Bidaux AS, Garin G, Pérol D. MEVITEM-a phase I/II trial of vismodegib + temozolomide vs temozolomide in patients with recurrent/refractory medulloblastoma with Sonic Hedgehog pathway activation. Neuro Oncol 2021; 23:1949-1960. [PMID: 33825892 PMCID: PMC8563312 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noab087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vismodegib specifically inhibits Sonic Hedgehog (SHH). We report results of a phase I/II evaluating vismodegib + temozolomide (TMZ) in immunohistochemically defined SHH recurrent/refractory adult medulloblastoma. METHODS TMZ-naïve patients were randomized 2:1 to receive vismodegib + TMZ (arm A) or TMZ (arm B). Patients previously treated with TMZ were enrolled in an exploratory cohort of vismodegib (arm C). If the safety run showed no excessive toxicity, a Simon's 2-stage phase II design was planned to explore the 6-month progression-free survival (PFS-6). Stage II was to proceed if arm A PFS-6 was ≥3/9 at the end of stage I. RESULTS A total of 24 patients were included: arm A (10), arm B (5), and arm C (9). Safety analysis showed no excessive toxicity. At the end of stage I, the PFS-6 of arm A was 20% (2/10 patients, 95% unilateral lower confidence limit: 3.7%) and the study was prematurely terminated. The overall response rates (ORR) were 40% (95% CI, 12.2-73.8) and 20% (95% CI, 0.5-71.6) in arm A and B, respectively. In arm C, PFS-6 was 37.5% (95% CI, 8.8-75.5) and ORR was 22.2% (95% CI, 2.8-60.0). Among 11 patients with an expected sensitivity according to new generation sequencing (NGS), 3 had partial response (PR), 4 remained stable disease (SD) while out of 7 potentially resistant patients, 1 had PR and 1 SD. CONCLUSION The addition of vismodegib to TMZ did not add toxicity but failed to improve PFS-6 in SHH recurrent/refractory medulloblastoma. Prediction of sensitivity to vismodegib needs further refinements.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Laure Montané
- Clinical Research Platform (DRCI) of Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | | | - Olivier Chinot
- Neuro-Oncology Unit, La Timone Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Emilie Le Rhun
- University of Lille, U-1192, F-59000 Lille, Lille, France
- Inserm, U-1192, F-59000 Lille, Lille, France
- General and Stereotaxic Neurosurgery Service, CHU Lille, Lille, France
- Oscar Lambret Center, Lille, France
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Andreas F Hottinger
- Brain and Spine Tumor Center, Departments of Clinical Neurosciences & Oncology, CHUV Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Gwenaële Garin
- Clinical Research Platform (DRCI) of Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - David Pérol
- Clinical Research Platform (DRCI) of Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
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12
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Diagnostic Accuracy of a Reduced Immunohistochemical Panel in Medulloblastoma Molecular Subtyping, Correlated to DNA-methylation Analysis. Am J Surg Pathol 2021; 45:558-566. [PMID: 33323893 DOI: 10.1097/pas.0000000000001640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Medulloblastomas (MBs) are the most frequent childhood malignant brain tumor. Four histopathologic variants and 4 genetic subgroups have been defined in the World Health Organization (WHO) 2016 Classification and constitute major risk stratification items directly affecting the patient management. Although MB subgroups have been molecularly defined, immunohistochemical surrogates are needed. The aim of our retrospective study was to evaluate the concordance between immunohistochemistry, using 4 antibodies (YAP1, GAB1, OTX2, and β-catenin), and DNA-methylation profiling in MB subgrouping. From a series of 155 MBs, the κ coefficient of concordance was almost perfect (0.90), with only 8/152 discrepant cases (no DNA-methylation analysis was available in 3 cases). Interestingly, the discrepancies mostly concerned (7/8 cases) MBs with divergent differentiations (myogenic, melanotic, and others) with all of those classified into group 3 (n=6) and group 4 (n=1) by DNA-methylation profiling. Another discrepant case concerned a WNT-activated MB (showing only 1% of immunopositive tumor cell nuclei), highlighting the difficulties of determining an appropriate β-catenin immunostaining cutoff. The high concordance of the routine immunohistochemical panel (YAP1, GAB1, OTX2, and β-catenin) and DNA-methylation profiling confirm its utility as a reliable predictive marker of molecular subtype in MBs. We analyzed the accuracy of 10 different IHC combinations for the determination of MB subtype and found that a combination of 2 antibodies (YAP1 and OTX2) allows for the successful characterization of 144 cases of 152 cases. Finally, our series extends the molecular data of the rare morphologic variant of MBs with melanotic/myogenic differentiations.
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13
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Sulman EP, Eisenstat DD. World Cancer Day 2021 - Perspectives in Pediatric and Adult Neuro-Oncology. Front Oncol 2021; 11:659800. [PMID: 34041027 PMCID: PMC8142853 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.659800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Significant advances in our understanding of the molecular genetics of pediatric and adult brain tumors and the resulting rapid expansion of clinical molecular neuropathology have led to improvements in diagnostic accuracy and identified new targets for therapy. Moreover, there have been major improvements in all facets of clinical care, including imaging, surgery, radiation and supportive care. In selected cohorts of patients, targeted and immunotherapies have resulted in improved patient outcomes. Furthermore, adaptations to clinical trial design have facilitated our study of new agents and other therapeutic innovations. However, considerable work remains to be done towards extending survival for all patients with primary brain tumors, especially children and adults with diffuse midline gliomas harboring Histone H3 K27 mutations and adults with isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) wild-type, O6 guanine DNA-methyltransferase gene (MGMT) promoter unmethylated high grade gliomas. In addition to improvements in therapy and care, access to the advances in technology, such as particle radiation or biologic therapy, neuroimaging and molecular diagnostics in both developing and developed countries is needed to improve the outcome of patients with brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik P. Sulman
- Section of Neuro-oncology & Neurosurgical Oncology, Frontiers in Oncology and Frontiers in Neurology, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Radiation Oncology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
- Brain and Spine Tumor Center, Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
- NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, United States
| | - David D. Eisenstat
- Section of Neuro-oncology & Neurosurgical Oncology, Frontiers in Oncology and Frontiers in Neurology, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Children’s Cancer Centre, Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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Typical Pediatric Brain Tumors Occurring in Adults-Differences in Management and Outcome. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9040356. [PMID: 33808415 PMCID: PMC8066180 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9040356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult brain tumors mostly distinguish themselves from their pediatric counterparts. However, some typical pediatric brain tumors also occur in adults. The aim of this review is to describe the differences between classification, treatment, and outcome of medulloblastoma, pilocytic astrocytoma, and craniopharyngioma in adults and children. Medulloblastoma is a WHO IV posterior fossa tumor, divided into four different molecular subgroups, namely sonic hedgehog (SHH), wingless (WNT), Group 3, and Group 4. They show a different age-specific distribution, creating specific outcome patterns, with a 5-year overall survival of 25–83% in adults and 50–90% in children. Pilocytic astrocytoma, a WHO I tumor, mostly found in the supratentorial brain in adults, occurs in the cerebellum in children. Complete resection improves prognosis, and 5-year overall survival is around 85% in adults and >90% in children. Craniopharyngioma typically occurs in the sellar compartment leading to endocrine or visual field deficits by invasion of the surrounding structures. Treatment aims for a gross total resection in adults, while in children, preservation of the hypothalamus is of paramount importance to ensure endocrine development during puberty. Five-year overall survival is approximately 90%. Most treatment regimens for these tumors stem from pediatric trials and are translated to adults. Treatment is warranted in an interdisciplinary setting specialized in pediatric and adult brain tumors.
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15
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Wong GCH, Li KKW, Wang WW, Liu APY, Huang QJ, Chan AKY, Poon MFM, Chung NYF, Wong QHW, Chen H, Chan DTM, Liu XZ, Mao Y, Zhang ZY, Shi ZF, Ng HK. Clinical and mutational profiles of adult medulloblastoma groups. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2020; 8:191. [PMID: 33172502 PMCID: PMC7656770 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-020-01066-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult medulloblastomas are clinically and molecularly understudied due to their rarity. We performed molecular grouping, targeted sequencing, and TERT promoter Sanger sequencing on a cohort of 99 adult medulloblastomas. SHH made up 50% of the cohort, whereas Group 3 (13%) was present in comparable proportion to WNT (19%) and Group 4 (18%). In contrast to paediatric medulloblastomas, molecular groups had no prognostic impact in our adult cohort (p = 0.877). Most frequently mutated genes were TERT (including promoter mutations, mutated in 36% cases), chromatin modifiers KMT2D (31%) and KMT2C (30%), TCF4 (31%), PTCH1 (27%) and DDX3X (24%). Adult WNT patients showed enrichment of TP53 mutations (6/15 WNT cases), and 3/6 TP53-mutant WNT tumours were of large cell/anaplastic histology. Adult SHH medulloblastomas had frequent upstream pathway alterations (PTCH1 and SMO mutations) and few downstream alterations (SUFU mutations, MYCN amplifications). TERT promoter mutations were found in 72% of adult SHH patients, and were restricted to this group. Adult Group 3 tumours lacked hallmark MYC amplifications, but had recurrent mutations in KBTBD4 and NOTCH1. Adult Group 4 tumours harboured recurrent mutations in TCF4 and chromatin modifier genes. Overall, amplifications of MYC and MYCN were rare (3%). Since molecular groups were not prognostic, alternative prognostic markers are needed for adult medulloblastoma. KMT2C mutations were frequently found across molecular groups and were associated with poor survival (p = 0.002). Multivariate analysis identified histological type (p = 0.026), metastasis (p = 0.031) and KMT2C mutational status (p = 0.046) as independent prognosticators in our cohort. In summary, we identified distinct clinical and mutational characteristics of adult medulloblastomas that will inform their risk stratification and treatment.
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Penas-Prado M, Armstrong TS, Gilbert MR. Proposed Additions to the NCCN Guidelines for Adult Medulloblastoma. J Natl Compr Canc Netw 2020; 18:1579-1584. [DOI: 10.6004/jnccn.2020.7650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Medulloblastoma is a rare brain tumor that occurs in both children and adults, with patients aged 15 to 39 years accounting for 30% of all cases. In adults, guidelines for diagnosis and treatment are often based on retrospective data and extrapolated from the pediatric experience due to limited availability of prospective trials or registries involving adults. Importantly, adult patients differ from pediatric patients in many aspects, including the molecular features of the tumor and tolerance to treatment. In 2017, the NCI was granted support from the Cancer Moonshot initiative to address the challenges and unmet needs of adults with rare central nervous system (CNS) tumors through the NCI Comprehensive Oncology Network for Evaluating Rare CNS Tumors (NCI-CONNECT). On November 25, 2019, NCI-CONNECT convened a multidisciplinary workshop on adult medulloblastoma. Working groups identified unmet needs in clinical care and research and developed specific action items, including a proposal for inclusion of new items in the NCCN Guidelines for Adult Medulloblastoma, delineated in this review along with the evidence supporting their incorporation. Recommendations included facilitating referral of patients to centers of excellence; promoting patient participation in clinical trials or registries; encouraging use of DNA methylation for confirmation of diagnosis and subgrouping; offering counseling on contraception and fertility preservation; evaluating patients for symptoms and medical management of endocrine, vision, hearing, and neurocognitive deficits; providing psychosocial support and referral to neurorehabilitation; minimizing delays in therapy; and incorporating imaging standards and criteria for progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Penas-Prado
- 1Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Terri S. Armstrong
- 1Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Mark R. Gilbert
- 1Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
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Ng HK, Chan AY, Kan NC, Ku DL, Chan DM, Li KW. To do genomics or not do? This is the question. GLIOMA 2020. [DOI: 10.4103/glioma.glioma_22_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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