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Patterson V, Olsavsky A, Garcia D, Sutherland-Foggio M, Vannatta K, Prussien KV, Bemis H, Compas BE, Gerhardt CA. Impact of sociodemographic factors, stress, and communication on health-related quality of life in survivors of pediatric cancer. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2024; 71:e31001. [PMID: 38644596 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.31001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While most research has largely focused on medical risks associated with reduced health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in survivors, sociodemographic and family factors may also play a role. Thus, we longitudinally examined sociodemographic factors and family factors associated with survivor HRQOL, including adolescent's cancer-specific stress, mother's general stress, and mother-adolescent communication. METHODS Mothers (N = 80) and survivors (ages 10-23, N = 50) were assessed 5 years following initial diagnosis. Mothers completed measures regarding sociodemographic background adolescent's cancer-specific stress, mother's general stress, mother-adolescent communication, and adolescent HRQOL. Survivors also reported on their own HRQOL. Two hierarchical multiple regressions examined predictors of (a) mother's report of adolescent HRQOL, and (b) survivor's self-report of HRQOL. RESULTS The final model predicting mother-reported adolescent HRQOL was significant, F(5,74) = 21.18, p < .001, and explained 59% of the variance in HRQoL. Significant predictors included adolescent stress (β = -.37, p < .001), mothers' stress (β = -.42, p < .001), and communication (β = .19, p = .03). The final model predicting survivor-reported HRQOL was also significant, F(5,44) = 5.16, p < .01 and explained 24% of the variance in HRQOL. Significant predictors included adolescent stress (β = -.37, p = .01) and communication (β = -.31, p = .04). Sociodemographic factors were not a significant predictor of HRQOL in any model. CONCLUSION Family stress and communication offer potential points of intervention to improve HRQOL of pediatric cancer survivors from mother and survivor perspectives. While additional research is needed, healthcare professionals should encourage stress management and strong mother-child communication to enhance survivors' long-term HRQOL. Such interventions may be complimentary to efforts targeting the known sociodemographic factors that often affect health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valdeoso Patterson
- The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Anna Olsavsky
- The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Dana Garcia
- The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | | | - Kathryn Vannatta
- The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Kemar V Prussien
- Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Heather Bemis
- Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | | | - Cynthia A Gerhardt
- The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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2
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Mitchell AE, Morawska A, Lohan A, Filus A, Batch J. Randomised controlled trial of the Healthy Living Triple P-Positive Parenting Program for families of children with type 1 diabetes. J Child Health Care 2024; 28:235-255. [PMID: 35950339 DOI: 10.1177/13674935221116694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This randomised controlled trial examined the efficacy of a brief, group-based parenting program in improving child and family outcomes for families of children with type 1 diabetes. Families (N = 50) of children (2-10 years) with type 1 diabetes were randomly allocated to intervention (n = 22) or care-as-usual (n = 28). Assessments (pre-intervention, post-intervention and 6-month follow-up) evaluated parent- and child-reported parenting behaviour, child behaviour/adjustment and child quality of life (primary outcomes); and metabolic control (routinely-collected blood glucose data), parents' self-efficacy with diabetes management, diabetes-specific child behaviour difficulties, family quality of life, parents' diabetes-related and general parenting stress and observed parent and child behaviour (secondary outcomes). Intent-to-treat analyses indicated greater rate of improvement over time for families allocated to intervention compared to care-as-usual for use of corporal punishment (primary caregivers only), and confidence with managing children's emotions/behaviours, parent-rated child quality of life and adjustment to the child's illness (secondary caregivers only). There were no other intervention effects. Although families found the intervention useful, low levels of psychosocial problems at baseline limited the scope for group-level improvement and there was limited evidence for intervention efficacy. Individually-tailored measures of goal-specific behaviour change may be considered in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy E Mitchell
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Parenting and Family Support Centre, School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Alina Morawska
- Parenting and Family Support Centre, School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Aditi Lohan
- Institute for Social Science Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Ania Filus
- DaVita Clinical Research, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Jennifer Batch
- School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Queensland Children's Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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3
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Tilden DR, Anifowoshe K, Jaser SS. Observed collaborative and intrusive parenting behaviours associated with psychosocial outcomes of adolescents with type 1 diabetes and their maternal caregivers. Diabet Med 2024; 41:e15300. [PMID: 38303663 PMCID: PMC11021143 DOI: 10.1111/dme.15300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
AIMS Maternal caregiver involvement is strongly associated with psychosocial and glycemic outcomes amongst adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D); however, previous studies have lacked detailed, objective examinations of caregiver involvement. We examined the relationship between observed parenting behaviors and psychosocial and glycemic outcomes amongst youth with T1D. METHODS Data collected from adolescents with T1D (age 11-17) and their female caregivers as a part of a randomized controlled trial were analyzed. These included structured, observation-based scores of adolescent-caregiver dyads engaged in videotaped interactions and selected psychosocial and glycemic outcome measures. RESULTS In adjusted analyses, higher levels of intrusive parenting behaviors during observed interactions were associated with higher diabetes distress in adolescents, but no difference in HbA1c. Associations between intrusive parenting behaviors and psychosocial outcomes were stronger for females compared to males for both diabetes distress and quality of life. Similarly, associations between collaborative parenting behaviors and quality of life were stronger for female adolescents than males. No associations were observed between collaborative parenting behaviors and glycemic outcomes. Consistent with previous work, we noted higher levels of adolescent-reported family conflict were associated with lower adolescent quality of life and higher diabetes distress with no significant difference between male and female adolescents. CONCLUSION These findings indicate that high levels of intrusive parenting behaviors, such as lecturing or over-controlling behaviors, are associated with lower levels of adolescent well-being, particularly among adolescent girls. This work suggests that interventions to reduce intrusive parenting by maternal caregivers could result in improved psychosocial outcomes for adolescents with T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R Tilden
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Kashope Anifowoshe
- Division of Pediatric Psychology, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Sarah S Jaser
- Division of Pediatric Psychology, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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4
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Allen V, Mahieu A, Kasireddy E, Shouman W, Pourrahmat MM, Collet JP, Cherkas A. Humanistic burden of pediatric type 1 diabetes on children and informal caregivers: systematic literature reviews. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2024; 16:73. [PMID: 38515123 PMCID: PMC10956250 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-024-01310-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diagnosis of children with type 1 diabetes (T1D) imposes an unprecedented burden on children and their caregivers. OBJECTIVE To assess the burden of T1D on children and their informal caregivers, both after a recent diagnosis or after a longer duration of disease. METHODS A series of systematic literature reviews were performed to explore the burden of T1D on children with the disease and their primary informal caregivers, based on the time of diagnosis. After the extraction of the qualitative and quantitative data from the included studies, two literature-based conceptual frameworks were developed: on the burden of pediatric T1D on children, and on informal caregivers. A third conceptual framework on the shared burden of pediatric T1D on both children and informal caregivers as part of the same family unit was also developed. RESULTS The review of literature has identified a series of factors that affect the quality of life of children with T1D and their informal caregivers, with a direct impact on physical, emotional, and social outcomes. Generally, female patients and older adolescents experience more worry and stress that affects their quality of life. Other categories of factors affecting the child's and caregiver's burden include social, emotional, and physical factors, treatment-related and disease-related factors, as well as their coping abilities. Anxiety, depression, stress, and worry were commonly found among children and caregivers, starting with the diagnosis of T1D and continuing over time in relation to new challenges pertaining to aging or the disease duration. CONCLUSION T1D causes a significant burden to affected children and their caregivers, both independently and through transactional interaction within the family unit. Disease burden can be reduced by strengthening individuals for the benefit of the whole family.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Walid Shouman
- Evidinno Outcomes Research Inc., Vancouver, BC, Canada
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5
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Abadula F, Garretson S, Okonkwo N, LeStourgeon LM, Jaser SS. Detangling Associations Between Maternal Depressive Symptoms and Diabetes Relationship Distress With Adolescents' HbA1c. J Pediatr Psychol 2024; 49:89-94. [PMID: 37794836 PMCID: PMC10874213 DOI: 10.1093/jpepsy/jsad070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Previous research in families of children with type 1 diabetes demonstrates that maternal depressive symptoms are a known risk factor for poor diabetes outcomes. We sought to examine whether maternal diabetes relationship distress or maternal depressive symptoms were more strongly associated with adolescent glycemic outcomes. METHODS Analyses were conducted using data from mothers who consented to screen for a behavioral intervention. The screener included the Patient Health Questionnaire and the Parent Diabetes Distress Scale, Parent/Teen Relationship Distress subscale. Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) was extracted from adolescents' medical records. RESULTS Our sample consisted of 390 maternal caregivers of adolescents with type 1 diabetes aged 11-17. Screening data revealed that 35% of mothers reported clinically significant diabetes distress related to their relationship with their adolescents, and 14% of mothers reported clinically significant depressive symptoms. The adolescents of mothers who reported diabetes relationship distress had significantly higher mean HbA1c levels (9.7 ± 2.2%) compared to those whose mothers were not distressed (8.2 ± 1.8%, d = .72). Similarly, adolescents whose mothers reported clinically significant depressive symptoms had higher mean HbA1c levels (9.6 ± 2.4%) than those whose mothers were not depressed (8.6 ± 2.0%, d = .48). After adjusting for clinical and demographic factors, mothers' reports of diabetes relationship distress were more strongly associated with adolescents' HbA1c than maternal depressive symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that screening for maternal distress-particularly distress related to the caregiver-adolescent relationship-could match families with psychosocial support or other resources to improve both psychosocial and glycemic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fayo Abadula
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, USA
| | - Sydney Garretson
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, USA
| | - Nkemjika Okonkwo
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, USA
| | | | - Sarah S Jaser
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, USA
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6
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Mutluer T, Aslan Genç H, Demir T, Demirel Ç, Bakır ÇN, Necef I, Muradoğlu S, Yeşiltepe Mutlu G, Hatun Ş. The effect of problem-solving skills on blood glucose regulation and disease management in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2023; 36:949-956. [PMID: 37623928 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2023-0282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This cross-sectional study examined the relationship between problem-solving skills, glucose regulation, and disease management in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) as well as the role of depression in this association. METHODS The participants (n=54) were recruited from a diabetes camp. Problem-solving inventory (PSI), Beck depression inventory (BDI), and diabetes self-management profile (DSMP) were administered as tests. Forty-six participants who have been diagnosed with T1DM for at least a year and completed the survey were included in the analyses. Participants were categorized into high and low depression groups based on the median split. Student's t-test was used to detect demographic differences in groups. Linear regression models were used to examine the association between PSI, HbA1c, and DSMP. Regressions for PSI and DSMP were repeated in low and high-depression groups. RESULTS Of the 46 participants with T1DM, 52 % were female, with a mean age of 13.96 ± 1.94 (range 10-17). Avoidant and monitoring style of problem solving as well as the total score of PSI significantly predicted HbA1c levels. Impulsive and avoidant style of problem solving, problem-solving confidence, and total scores of PSI significantly predicted DSMP (p<0.05). The high depression group had a significantly higher DSMP score than the low depression group (p=0.001), with no difference in HbA1c levels (p=0.968). When the DSMP regressions were repeated, no significant associations were seen in the low depression group. Avoidant style of problem solving, problem-solving confidence, and the total score of PSI significantly predicted DSMP in the high depression group (p<0.005). CONCLUSIONS Problem solving-skills are essential in children with T1DM for a successful disease management. Depression modulates the association between the problem-solving and self-management profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuba Mutluer
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health, Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Herdem Aslan Genç
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health, Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Tuana Demir
- Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Çağrı Demirel
- Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | | | - Işıl Necef
- Department of Child Psychology, Koç Üniversitesi Hastanesi, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Serra Muradoğlu
- Department of Child Psychology, Koç Üniversitesi Hastanesi, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Gül Yeşiltepe Mutlu
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Şükrü Hatun
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Türkiye
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7
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Rawdon C, Kilcullen SM, Murphy N, Swallow V, Gallagher P, Lambert V. Parents' perspectives of factors affecting parent-adolescent communication about type 1 diabetes and negotiation of self-management responsibilities. J Child Health Care 2022:13674935221146009. [PMID: 36529483 DOI: 10.1177/13674935221146009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Adolescence is an important time in which young people take on type 1 diabetes (T1D) self-management responsibility. Parents are key facilitators of this process. Little is known about parents' experiences of communicating with their children about T1D during adolescence. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 32 parents (24 mothers and 8 fathers) of adolescents (11-17 years) living with T1D to explore how parents communicate about T1D and self-management with their adolescent children. Parents were recruited through two national child and adolescent diabetes and endocrine clinics and online advertisement through a national diabetes advocacy organisation. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and thematically analysed. Six themes were identified: parent factors, quality of the parent-adolescent relationship, communication strategies, adolescent factors, communication triggers and family/system factors. Understanding factors that impact communication about self-management between parents and adolescents will enable healthcare professionals to provide support and targeted interventions as parent and adolescent roles change over time.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nuala Murphy
- 11457Children's Health Ireland at Temple Street, Dublin, Ireland
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8
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Main A, Kho C, Miramontes M, Wiebe DJ, Çakan N, Raymond JK. Parents' Empathic Accuracy: Associations With Type 1 Diabetes Management and Familism. J Pediatr Psychol 2021; 47:59-68. [PMID: 34333656 DOI: 10.1093/jpepsy/jsab073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To (1) test associations between parents' empathic accuracy for their adolescents' positive and negative emotions and adolescents' physical and mental health (HbA1c, diabetes self-care, and depressive symptoms) in a predominantly Latinx sample of adolescents with type 1 diabetes and their parents, and (2) explore how familism values were associated with parent empathic accuracy and adolescent physical and mental health in this population. METHODS Parents and adolescents engaged in a discussion about a topic of frequent conflict related to the adolescents' diabetes management. Parents and adolescents subsequently completed a video recall task in which they rated their own and their partner's emotions once per minute; parents' empathic accuracy was calculated from an average discrepancy between parent and adolescent ratings of the adolescent's emotions. Adolescents reported on their depressive symptoms and both parents and adolescents reported on adolescents' diabetes self-care and their own familism values; HbA1c was obtained from medical records. RESULTS Results from structural equation modeling revealed that parents' empathic accuracy for adolescents' negative (but not positive) emotions was uniquely associated with adolescents' HbA1c, self-care, and depressive symptoms. There was limited evidence that familism was related to parent empathic accuracy or adolescent physical and mental health. CONCLUSIONS Promoting parents' empathic accuracy for adolescents' negative emotions in the context of type 1 diabetes management may have important implications for adolescents' mental and physical health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Jennifer K Raymond
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles, USA.,University of Southern California, USA
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9
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The Synergistic Effects of a Complementary Physiotherapeutic Scheme in the Psychological and Nutritional Treatment in a Teenage Girl with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus, Anxiety Disorder and Anorexia Nervosa. CHILDREN-BASEL 2021; 8:children8060443. [PMID: 34070247 PMCID: PMC8225211 DOI: 10.3390/children8060443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a chronic disease that can affect the physical and mental health of children and adolescents, often leading to anxiety disorders with chronic activation of the hypothalamic axis (HPA). Moreover, a great proportion of adolescents with T1DM also demonstrate anorexia nervosa (AN), due to the increased preoccupation with food and the need to have an acceptable body image. Herein is described the first case study of an adolescent patient diagnosed with T1DM, anxiety disorder (AD), and AN. A 14-year-old girl with T1DM since the age of 12 years presented weight loss at age 13 years and 3 months and low body mass index (BMI), which did not improve despite dietary recommendations and adequate disease control. Additionally, she presented menstrual disorders at the age of 12 years and 11 months (menstrual age 12 years and 1 month). A psychological evaluation of the teenager was conducted using a semi-structured interview that assessed perceived stress, health status, quality of life, and depression. AD and AN were diagnosed and the patient initiated an intervention focusing on psychological health and nutrition and which incorporated physiotherapeutic relaxation sessions and breathing exercises. After 3 months of treatment, the patient’s BMI was increased, and a normal menstrual cycle was apparent. These results have since remained consistent. Stress leads to the appearance of AN and menstrual disorders. Therefore, physiotherapeutic programs could reduce stress and effectively ameliorate AN and AD.
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10
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Alessi J, de Oliveira GB, Feiden G, Schaan BD, Telo GH. Caring for caregivers: the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on those responsible for children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes. Sci Rep 2021; 11:6812. [PMID: 33762633 PMCID: PMC7991637 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85874-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on guardians of children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes. An online survey was performed to assess the prevalence of pandemic-related emotional burden, mental health disorders and diabetes-specific emotional burden related to diabetes care during the COVID-19 pandemic. Caregivers of children and adolescents with diabetes under the age of 18 and caregivers of youth without diabetes for the non-diabetes group were invited to participate. For the primary outcome, mental health disorders were evaluated using the Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20), while pandemic-related emotional burden and diabetes-specific emotional burden related to diabetes care were evaluated in different domains with specific questions. For analyses, a hierarchical testing strategy was performed. A total of 764 participants were included in the study. Regarding the pandemic period, caregivers of youth with type 1 diabetes endorsed significantly more pandemic-related emotional burden for both themselves (OR 1.67; 95% CI, 1.10 to 2.53) and for their child (OR 2.28; 95% CI, 1.54 to 3.38) when compared to the non-diabetes group. The emotional burden evaluation on different age ranges showed that the two groups were similar when the dependent youth was younger than 6 years. Moreover, a positive screening for mental health disorders during social distancing was higher in the diabetes group compared to the non-diabetes group (OR 2.43; 95% CI, 1.70 to 3.47), particularly in those aged under 12 years old. There was no difference between groups in mental health disorders among caregivers of adolescents older than 12 years. Our results allow to conclude that concern, burden and mental health disorders can be present in caregivers of youth with diabetes, and behavioral changes during the COVID-19 pandemic may enhance this situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine Alessi
- Postgraduate Program in Medical Science: Endocrinology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, Prédio 12, 4° Andar, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil. .,Internal Medicine Department, Hospital São Lucas - Pontifícia Universidade Católica Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
| | - Giovana Berger de Oliveira
- School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga, 6681 - Partenon, Porto Alegre, RS, 90160-092, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Feiden
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, Prédio 12, 4° Andar, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil.,Associação de Apoio aos Diabéticos do Rio Grande do Sul (AADIRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Beatriz D Schaan
- Postgraduate Program in Medical Science: Endocrinology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, Prédio 12, 4° Andar, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil.,Endocrinology Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,National Institute of Science and Technology for Health Technology Assessment (IATS) - CNPq/Brazil, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Heiden Telo
- Internal Medicine Department, Hospital São Lucas - Pontifícia Universidade Católica Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga, 6681 - Partenon, Porto Alegre, RS, 90160-092, Brazil.,National Institute of Science and Technology for Health Technology Assessment (IATS) - CNPq/Brazil, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Medicine and Health Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Escola de Medicina da PUCRS, Av. Ipiranga, 6681 - Partenon, 90160-092, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
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11
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Klostermann S, Iskander J, Enlow P, Delamater AM, Dolan L, Pendley JS. Predicting healthcare utilization in youth with type 1 diabetes: The importance of family level variables. Pediatr Diabetes 2021; 22:294-302. [PMID: 33169899 DOI: 10.1111/pedi.13146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Little is known about how family factors impacting treatment adherence in type 1 diabetes are directly associated with unplanned healthcare utilization (e.g., emergency room visits and hospital admissions). Given the substantial financial burden of diabetes, understanding predictors of healthcare utilization in particular is important to inform behavioral interventions aimed toward improving adherence. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS The current study examined the relationship between family-level variables and healthcare utilization in a sample of 239 youth with type 1 diabetes and their parents. Healthcare utilization was determined via parent report and chart review. Parent- and youth-reports regarding levels of family conflict, youth autonomy, and parent support related to diabetes management were obtained via questionnaire, and negative reciprocity was obtained by coding observations of parent and youth interactions. Generalized Estimating Equations were used to examine the longitudinal association between healthcare utilization and family-level factors. RESULTS Higher levels of observed negative reciprocity were associated with more frequent hospital admissions, while higher levels of youth-reported parent involvement in diabetes management were associated with fewer hospital admissions and ED visits. CONCLUSIONS These findings highlight how family-level factors are directly related to healthcare utilization and point to the continued importance of integrating family-focused behavioral interventions in routine medical care for improving type 1 diabetes outcomes and reducing healthcare costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Klostermann
- Department of Pediatrics, Nemours Children's Health System, Wilmington, Delaware, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Paul Enlow
- Department of Pediatrics, Nemours Children's Health System, Wilmington, Delaware, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Alan M Delamater
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Lawrence Dolan
- Division of Endocrinology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Jennifer Shroff Pendley
- Department of Pediatrics, Nemours Children's Health System, Wilmington, Delaware, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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12
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Wagner G, Zeiler M, Karwautz A, Schneider A, Rami-Merhar B, Berger G. Personality, Coping and Developmental Conditions in Female Adolescents and Young Adults with Type 1 Diabetes: Influence on Metabolic Control and Quality of Life. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:809015. [PMID: 35356383 PMCID: PMC8960069 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.809015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess personality factors, coping, developmental conditions and quality of life in female adolescents and young adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and high vs.low HbA1c. METHODS Patients were approached at the Department for Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna; n = 129 female adolescents (10 to 23 years, mean age 15.21 ± 2.91) with type 1 diabetes were included. HIGH-A1c was defined as HbA1c > 7.5%, LOW-A1c as HbA1c ≤ 7.5% and compared to a sample of 56 age-matched female healthy controls. Self-rating questionnaires were used to assess psychosocial factors: Children's Depression Inventory (CDI); Junior Temperament and Character Inventory (J-TCI); Eating Disorders Inventory-2 (EDI-2); KIDCOPE; Subjective Family Image Test (SFIT) and Inventory of Life Quality in Children and Adolescents(ILC). RESULTS T1D patients with HIGH-A1c were younger at the age of diabetes onset, had a longer diabetes duration, a higher maximum BMI, higher depression score, and higher frequency of diabetic ketoacidosis in the last year. They showed significantly higher levels of fatigue, lower levels of taking responsibility, lower ability to set goals and lower self-acceptance, as well as higher levels of ineffectiveness, lower levels of emotional attachment within the family, in particular with the fathers, and used negative coping strategies more often compared to patients with LOW-A1c. Furthermore, they reported significantly higher burden of illness and lower quality of life. CONCLUSIONS Disadvantageous personality and coping styles as well as developmental conditions should be addressed in the treatment of female adolescents with T1D with management problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gudrun Wagner
- Eating Disorders Unit at the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Zeiler
- Eating Disorders Unit at the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Karwautz
- Eating Disorders Unit at the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andrea Schneider
- Eating Disorders Unit at the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Birgit Rami-Merhar
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gabriele Berger
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Pediatric Diabetes Outpatient Clinic, Health Care Centre Vienna Floridsdorf, Vienna, Austria
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13
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Parental Stress, Anxiety and Depression Symptoms Associated with Self-Efficacy in Paediatric Type 1 Diabetes: A Literature Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 18:ijerph18010152. [PMID: 33379307 PMCID: PMC7795592 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18010152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Background: Parents play a significant role in the management and monitoring of their children’s Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), being considered a family disease. The current review intends to investigate parental stress, depression and anxiety symptoms associated with self-efficacy referred to paediatric diabetes management. Method: A literature review was carried out using PsycINFO, Web of Science and PubMed where the following terms were considered: diabetes mellitus, paediatric, parent-child relationship, self-efficacy, parenting stress, perceived stress, stress, depression, anxiety. Standing a defined list of inclusion and exclusion criteria, a total of 33 papers were finally included. Results: Findings have shown that parents experience relatively high levels of anxiety, depression and stress symptoms related to managing a child with T1DM and are associated with parental self-efficacy. Parental stress predicts a worsening in the control of HbA1c levels, while parental diabetes-specific distress predicts an increase in children depression symptoms. High parental self-efficacy associates with better monitoring, allowing better adherence and more balanced HbA1c levels in the children. Conclusions: Interventions aimed at fostering social support, improving diabetes management, and decreasing perceived stress, might alleviate parents’ psychological symptoms by focusing on increasing their self-efficacy. Digital interventions might also represent valuable solutions to support parents in the management of paediatric diabetes not presented and substantiated in the main text and should not exaggerate the main conclusions.
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14
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Mitchell AE, Morawska A, Mihelic M. A systematic review of parenting interventions for child chronic health conditions. J Child Health Care 2020; 24:603-628. [PMID: 31630533 DOI: 10.1177/1367493519882850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This systematic review summarizes the parenting intervention literature for parents of children with chronic health conditions and evaluates intervention effects on parenting (parenting skills and parenting efficacy) and child (behaviour, illness severity/control and quality of life) outcomes. Systematic searches using seven electronic databases (including CINHAL, MEDLINE and PsycINFO) were used to identify relevant papers published in English between 1997 and 2017, and reference lists were searched for additional relevant articles. Ten papers reporting on eight separate studies met inclusion criteria: three studies evaluated stand-alone parenting interventions, while the remaining five studies included parenting components in broader interventions that also targeted medically oriented aspects of illness management. Results suggest that parenting interventions may lead to improved parent self-efficacy, parenting behaviour, illness severity/control, child quality of life and child behaviour; however, intervention effects were mixed and confined to parent-report outcome measures. A paucity of studies using rigorous randomized controlled trial study designs limits the conclusions that can be drawn regarding intervention efficacy. Achieving adequate enrolment and retention of families in parenting intervention trials appears to be problematic within these clinical groups. Larger samples and more diverse clinical populations will support the reliability of future evaluations of parenting interventions in this context and improve generalizability of results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy E Mitchell
- Parenting and Family Support Centre, School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Alina Morawska
- Parenting and Family Support Centre, School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Mandy Mihelic
- Parenting and Family Support Centre, School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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15
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Nazari M, Shabani R, Dalili S. The effect of concurrent resistance-aerobic training on serum cortisol level, anxiety, and quality of life in pediatric type 1 diabetes. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2020; 33:599-604. [PMID: 32284450 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2019-0526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Background Given the importance of anxiety and quality of life for the mental health of children with type 1 diabetes (T1D), exercise prescription can be of crucial significance. The present study aims to explore the effect of concurrent resistance-aerobic training on serum cortisol level, anxiety, and quality of life among pediatric T1D. Methods Forty children (aged 8-14 years) were randomly assigned to experimental (n = 20) and control groups (n = 20) for 16 weeks. The exercise training program was composed of 16 weeks of interval concurrent resistance-aerobic training with a duration of 60 min performed three times a week. The subjects first performed the resistance training (20 min of Pilates exercises and 20 min of body weight-bearing exercises). Then, the aerobic exercises were performed with an intensity of 50-75% of maximum heart rate. Before and after the training, blood tests including cortisol were carried out on the subjects by RIA kit. Anxiety and quality of life were measured by the Revised Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale (RCMAS) and Pediatric Quality of Life (PedsQL), respectively. Body composition was measured by InBody. Data were analyzed by paired and independent t-test at p < 0.05 significance level. Results Sixteen weeks of concurrent resistance-aerobic exercise significantly reduced the anxiety index (p = 0.001) and increased the quality of life (p = 0.003). Although the cortisol index was increased, it did not reveal any significant differences between the experimental and control groups (p = 0.781). No significant differences were observed in the indices of quality of life, anxiety, and cortisol in the control group. Conclusions A 16-week program of concurrent resistance-aerobic training can improve the quality of life and anxiety among children suffering from T1D, but it may not influence the cortisol level (p > 0.05).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzieh Nazari
- PhD Candidate of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Humanities, Rasht Brunch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran.,Young Researchers and Elite Club, Rasht Brunch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran
| | - Ramin Shabani
- Associate Professor, Department of Exercise, Physiology, Faculty of Humanities, Rasht Brunch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht 147654919, Iran, Phone: (+98) 9112324796, 1333424309
| | - Setila Dalili
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Pediatric Growth Disorders Research Center, 17 Shahrivar Hospital, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, IR Iran
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16
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Almeida AC, Leandro ME, Pereira MG. Individual and Family Management in Portuguese Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes: a Path Analysis. Int J Behav Med 2020; 27:455-465. [PMID: 32430785 DOI: 10.1007/s12529-020-09884-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study evaluates the adequacy of the Revised Self and Family Management Framework (Grey et al., Nurs Outlook 63:162-170, 2015) in Portuguese adolescents with type 1 diabetes and analyzes the effect of parental coping, family support, and adherence in the association between illness representations, school support, metabolic control, quality of life, and family functioning. METHOD One hundred adolescents (aged 12-19) and their parents participated in a cross-sectional study. Adolescents were assessed on school support, adherence to self-care, family support, and quality of life. Parents were assessed on parental coping and family functioning. Both adolescents and parents were assessed on illness representations. Adolescent's metabolic control was evaluated through glycosylate hemoglobin. RESULTS Adolescents' and parents' illness representations were associated with metabolic control, quality of life and family functioning. Parental coping, family support and adherence had an indirect effect between illness representations and diabetes outcomes. CONCLUSION Findings showed the adequacy of Grey and colleagues' model (Nurs Outlook 63:162-170, 2015) in adolescents with type 1 diabetes and how family support, parental coping, and adherence contribute to diabetes management. Interventions to improve adolescents' and family's management of Type 1 diabetes should be designed to change adolescents' and family's representations and enhance their ability and skills in diabetes management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Cristina Almeida
- Institute of Social Sciences, University of Minho - Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal.
| | - M Engrácia Leandro
- Centre for Research and Studies in Sociology/ISCTE, University Institute of Lisbon, Campus da Cidade Universitária de Lisboa, 1649-026, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - M Graça Pereira
- School of Psychology, University of Minho - Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
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17
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Parental stress, anxiety and trait mindfulness: associations with parent-child mealtime interactions in children with type 1 diabetes. J Behav Med 2020; 43:448-459. [PMID: 32124139 DOI: 10.1007/s10865-020-00144-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Introduction This study examined how maternal and paternal stress, anxiety, and trait mindfulness, and child glycemic control are related to real-life parent-child interactions in families confronted with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Methods Parents reported on trait mindfulness, illness-related parenting stress, general stress, and state anxiety. Parent-child mealtime interactions were videotaped and scored in 33 families (31 mothers and 20 fathers) of children with T1D (5-12y., mean HbA1c = 7.22%). Results Parental stress and anxiety were related to more maladaptive and less adaptive parent-child interactions. For mothers, mindfulness was related to less observed discomfort of the child during injection. For fathers, more emotional involvement was related to better child glycemic control. Discussion Results indicate that parental stress and anxiety may be risk factors for maladaptive parent-child interactions.
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18
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Le Jeannic A, Maoulida H, Guilmin-Crépon S, Alberti C, Tubiana-Rufi N, Durand-Zaleski I. How to collect non-medical data in a pediatric trial: diaries or interviews. Trials 2020; 21:36. [PMID: 31910885 PMCID: PMC6947947 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-019-3997-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-medical data, such as the amount of time that patients and caregivers spend managing their condition, may be relevant when assessing therapeutic strategies. For chronic pediatric conditions, the time that patients and caregivers spend in seeking and providing care (which are the indirect costs in an economic evaluation) can be significantly different depending on the treatment arm. To explore methods for collecting information on the care burden for caregivers and patients, we investigated whether a patient diary provided additional information compared to retrospective investigator-led interviews and whether a diary that was completed intermittently produced more or less information than a diary completed continually. The main objective of this study was to identify which type of data collection was most effective for measuring the time spent by caregivers and for estimating indirect treatment costs over 9 months. METHODS Start-In! is a randomized controlled trial comparing the efficacy of three strategies of real-time continuous glucose monitoring for 12 months in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes. We designed an ancillary study to assess methods of collecting information on the time spent by patients and caregivers in managing their condition (indirect costs). Data were entered retrospectively in case report forms (CRFs) by investigators during quarterly follow-up visits, which were supplemented with diaries completed prospectively by children or caregivers either continuously or intermittently. Data about absences from school and work as well as the time that caregivers spent on diabetes care were collected and the three collection methods were compared. RESULTS At the end of the 9-month study, 42% of the study participants failed to return their diary. For the diaries that were received, less than 10% of expected data were collected versus 82% during investigators'interviews. Based on all the information collected, we calculated that over 9 months, caregivers lost on average 3.9 days of working time (€786) and 4 days of personal time, i.e. the equivalent of €526, and spent around 15 min of time on care per day, i.e. the equivalent of €1700. CONCLUSIONS The CRFs completed by investigators during quarterly visits cannot be replaced by a diary. Completing the diaries appeared to represent an important additional burden to children and their caregivers, and the diaries provided little additional information compared to investigators' entries in the CRF. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT00949221. Registered on 30 July 2009. Registry name: Study of Insulin Therapy Augmented by Real Time Sensor in Type 1 Children and Adolescents (START-IN!).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anaïs Le Jeannic
- AP-HP, Groupe hospitalier Hôtel-Dieu, URC Economie de la Santé Ile de France, Paris, France. .,Inserm, ECEVE UMR-S 1123, Paris, France. .,URC Eco IdF (Paris health economics and health services research unit) and Inserm, ECEVE UMR-S 1123, Paris, France.
| | - Hassani Maoulida
- AP-HP, Groupe hospitalier Hôtel-Dieu, URC Economie de la Santé Ile de France, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Guilmin-Crépon
- Inserm, ECEVE UMR-S 1123, Paris, France.,AP-HP, Hôpital Universitaire Robert Debré, Unité d'Epidémiologie clinique, Paris, France.,Université Paris Diderot, PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,AP-HP, Hôpital Robert Debré, Service d'Endocrinologie-Diabétologie pédiatrique et Centre de référence des Maladies Endocriniennes Rares de la Croissance, Paris, France.,CIC-EC 1426, Paris, France
| | - Corinne Alberti
- Inserm, ECEVE UMR-S 1123, Paris, France.,AP-HP, Hôpital Universitaire Robert Debré, Unité d'Epidémiologie clinique, Paris, France.,Université Paris Diderot, PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,CIC-EC 1426, Paris, France
| | - Nadia Tubiana-Rufi
- Université Paris Diderot, PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,AP-HP, Hôpital Robert Debré, Service d'Endocrinologie-Diabétologie pédiatrique et Centre de référence des Maladies Endocriniennes Rares de la Croissance, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Durand-Zaleski
- AP-HP, Groupe hospitalier Hôtel-Dieu, URC Economie de la Santé Ile de France, Paris, France.,AP-HP, Groupe hospitalier Albert Chenevier- Henri Mondor, Service de Santé Publique, Créteil, France.,Inserm METHODS CRESS UMR 1153, Paris, France
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19
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Khemakhem R, Dridi Y, Hamza M, Ben Hamouda A, Khlayfia Z, Ouerda H, Halioui S, Siala N, Belhadj A, Maherzi A. Living with type 1 diabetes mellitus: How does the condition affect children's and adolescents' quality of life? Arch Pediatr 2019; 27:24-28. [PMID: 31776074 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcped.2019.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our study aimed to measure the health-related quality of life (QoL) of Tunisian children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1MD). METHODS This cross-sectional study included 48 patients aged 3-18 years with T1MD, diagnosed for at least 6 months, and their parents, who underwent outpatient examinations from September to December 2018. The children's QoL was assessed using the PedQL 3.0 Diabetes Module exploring five dimensions: diabetes symptoms, treatment barriers, treatment adherence, worry, and communication problems. Parents shared their perception of their children's QoL through the PedQL 4.0 parents' report (general health and emotional, social, and scholar functioning). Glycemic control was assessed using the last glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) values. RESULTS The patients' average QoL score was 80.52 (±13.61) without significant differences between gender and age. The longer the duration of the disease, the worse the glycemic control. Girls and adolescents seemed to have poorer glycemic control. Boys and adolescents had more difficulties in all aspects of QoL. Parents perceived a worse QoL than that reported by their sons/daughters (72.34±16.42; P=0.006). CONCLUSION These findings emphasize the importance of an interdisciplinary, biopsychosocial, and family-centered care approach to patients with T1MD.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Khemakhem
- Department of child and adolescent psychiatry, Mongi Slim Hospital, La Marsa, Tunisia.
| | - Y Dridi
- Department of paediatric and neonatology, Mongi Slim Hospital, La Marsa, Tunisia
| | - M Hamza
- Department of child and adolescent psychiatry, Mongi Slim Hospital, La Marsa, Tunisia
| | - A Ben Hamouda
- Department of child and adolescent psychiatry, Mongi Slim Hospital, La Marsa, Tunisia
| | - Z Khlayfia
- Department of paediatric and neonatology, Mongi Slim Hospital, La Marsa, Tunisia
| | - H Ouerda
- Department of paediatric and neonatology, Mongi Slim Hospital, La Marsa, Tunisia
| | - S Halioui
- Department of paediatric and neonatology, Mongi Slim Hospital, La Marsa, Tunisia
| | - N Siala
- Department of paediatric and neonatology, Mongi Slim Hospital, La Marsa, Tunisia
| | - A Belhadj
- Department of child and adolescent psychiatry, Mongi Slim Hospital, La Marsa, Tunisia
| | - A Maherzi
- Department of paediatric and neonatology, Mongi Slim Hospital, La Marsa, Tunisia
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20
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Murphy LK, Preacher KJ, Rights JD, Rodriguez EM, Bemis H, Desjardins L, Prussien K, Winning AM, Gerhardt CA, Vannatta K, Compas BE. Maternal Communication in Childhood Cancer: Factor Analysis and Relation to Maternal Distress. J Pediatr Psychol 2019; 43:1114-1127. [PMID: 30016505 DOI: 10.1093/jpepsy/jsy054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to characterize mothers' communication with their children in a sample of families with a new or newly relapsed pediatric cancer diagnosis, first using factor analysis and second using structural equation modeling to examine relations between self-reported maternal distress (anxiety, depression, and posttraumatic stress) and maternal communication in prospective analyses. A hierarchical model of communication was proposed, based on a theoretical framework of warmth and control. Methods The sample included 115 children (age 5-17 years) with new or newly relapsed cancer (41% leukemia, 18% lymphoma, 6% brain tumor, and 35% other) and their mothers. Mothers reported distress (Beck Anxiety Inventory, Beck Depression Inventory-II, and Impact of Events Scale-Revised) 2 months after diagnosis (Time 1). Three months later (Time 2), mother-child dyads were video-recorded discussing cancer. Maternal communication was coded with the Iowa Family Interaction Ratings Scales. Results Confirmatory factor analysis demonstrated poor fit. Exploratory factor analysis suggested a six-factor model (root mean square error of approximation = .04) with one factor reflecting Positive Communication, four factors reflecting Negative Communication (Hostile/Intrusive, Lecturing, Withdrawn, and Inconsistent), and one factor reflecting Expression of Negative Affect. Maternal distress symptoms at Time 1 were all significantly, negatively related to Positive Communication and differentially related to Negative Communication factors at Time 2. Maternal posttraumatic stress and depressive symptoms each predicted Expression of Negative Affect. Conclusions Findings provide a nuanced understanding of maternal communication in pediatric cancer and identify prospective pathways of risk between maternal distress and communication that can be targeted in intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lexa K Murphy
- Department of Psychology & Human Development, Vanderbilt University
| | | | - Jason D Rights
- Department of Psychology & Human Development, Vanderbilt University
| | - Erin M Rodriguez
- Department of Psychology & Human Development, Vanderbilt University
| | - Heather Bemis
- Department of Psychology & Human Development, Vanderbilt University
| | | | - Kemar Prussien
- Department of Psychology & Human Development, Vanderbilt University
| | | | - Cynthia A Gerhardt
- The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital.,The Ohio State University
| | - Kathryn Vannatta
- The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital.,The Ohio State University
| | - Bruce E Compas
- Department of Psychology & Human Development, Vanderbilt University
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21
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Goethals ER, Soenens B, de Wit M, Vansteenkiste M, Laffel LM, Casteels K, Luyckx K. "Let's talk about it" The role of parental communication in adolescents' motivation to adhere to treatment recommendations for type 1 diabetes. Pediatr Diabetes 2019; 20:1025-1034. [PMID: 31369191 PMCID: PMC7008457 DOI: 10.1111/pedi.12901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Grounded in Self-Determination Theory, this study examines the role of parental expectations and communication style (ie, in an autonomy-supportive vs controlling way) in the prediction of adolescent motivation (ie, internalization or defiance) to adhere to self-management for type 1 diabetes. METHODS Structural Equation Modeling was used in a cross-sectional, multi-informant study of 129 adolescents (Mage = 14.43; 54.4% girls), 110 mothers, and 98 fathers. Adolescents reported on self-motivation, treatment adherence, and parental expectations and communication styles; parents reported on their own expectations, communication style, and perceptions of adolescent treatment adherence. Medical record review provided HbA1c values. RESULTS Across adolescent and parent reports, parental communication of diabetes-specific expectations and an autonomy-supportive style of communicating expectations related positively to adolescents' internalization of diabetes self-management and negatively to defiance against diabetes self-management. In contrast, a controlling parental communication style showed the opposite patterns of associations. Higher adolescent defiance was related to poorer treatment adherence and worse glycemic control. CONCLUSIONS Parental communication styles related to adolescent motivation, which in turn, related to adolescent treatment adherence and glycemic control. Future longitudinal research can address the long-term impact of both maternal and paternal communication styles on adolescent motivation to adhere to treatment and their subsequent glycemic control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eveline R. Goethals
- University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium,KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium,Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Maartje de Wit
- VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Lori M. Laffel
- Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kristina Casteels
- University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium,KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Koen Luyckx
- KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium,UNIBS, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
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22
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Campbell MS, Wang J, Cheng Y, Cogen FR, Streisand R, Monaghan M. Diabetes-specific family conflict and responsibility among emerging adults with type 1 diabetes. JOURNAL OF FAMILY PSYCHOLOGY : JFP : JOURNAL OF THE DIVISION OF FAMILY PSYCHOLOGY OF THE AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION (DIVISION 43) 2019; 33:788-796. [PMID: 31021129 PMCID: PMC6776682 DOI: 10.1037/fam0000537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Emerging adulthood is a transitional period for type 1 diabetes management, and aspects of family functioning such as family conflict and responsibility for diabetes management likely change following high school graduation. This study examined changes in diabetes-specific family conflict, family responsibility for diabetes management tasks, and associations with glycemic control up to 1 year after high school. Seventy-nine emerging adults with type 1 diabetes (M age = 18.09 ± .43 years; 51% female; 71% Caucasian) and their parents (73% female) completed self-report measures on diabetes-specific family conflict and family responsibility at 3 consecutive clinic visits, beginning in the spring of their senior year of high school. Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) was obtained from medical records. Diabetes-specific family conflict was relatively low; scores did not significantly change from baseline to Time 3. Parent responsibility for diabetes care decreased from baseline to Time 3. Higher parent- and emerging adult-reported family conflict and higher parent responsibility for diabetes care were associated with worse glycemic control (ps < .05). Parent-reported family conflict and the interaction between parent-reported family conflict and responsibility predicted HbA1c 1 year after high school. Conversely, HbA1c did not predict diabetes-specific family conflict or responsibility 1 year after high school. Findings indicate that diabetes-specific family conflict is associated with glycemic control after high school, even when emerging adults assume greater responsibility for diabetes self-care. Diabetes-specific family conflict levels were generally low and did not change over time despite this transitional period. If diabetes-specific conflict is present, it should be an important avenue for potential intervention for emerging adults with type 1 diabetes. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jichuan Wang
- Children’s National Health System, Washington, DC
- George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC
| | - Yao Cheng
- Children’s National Health System, Washington, DC
| | - Fran R. Cogen
- Children’s National Health System, Washington, DC
- George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC
| | - Randi Streisand
- Children’s National Health System, Washington, DC
- George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC
| | - Maureen Monaghan
- Children’s National Health System, Washington, DC
- George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC
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23
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Almeida AC, Leandro ME, Pereira MG. Adherence and Glycemic Control in Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes: The Moderating Role of Age, Gender, and Family Support. J Clin Psychol Med Settings 2019; 27:247-255. [DOI: 10.1007/s10880-019-09662-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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24
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Jaser SS, Hamburger ER, Pagoto S, Williams R, Meyn A, Jones AC, Simmons JH. Communication and coping intervention for mothers of adolescents with type 1 diabetes: Rationale and trial design. Contemp Clin Trials 2019; 85:105844. [PMID: 31499228 DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2019.105844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Mothers of adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D) experience high rates of depressive symptoms and diabetes distress, which are established risk factors for deteriorating glycemic control, problems with adherence, increased depressive symptoms, and poor quality of life in adolescents. Given that adolescents are a high-risk population for suboptimal glycemic control, novel interventions to improve outcomes in adolescents with T1D are needed. Building on effective interventions to treat depression in adults, and our own pilot work in this population, we developed a cognitive behavioral intervention, Communication & Coping, to target maternal depressive symptoms and parenting behaviors. The randomized controlled trial compares the telephone and Facebook-delivered Communication & Coping intervention, which promotes the use of adaptive coping strategies and positive parenting practices, to a diabetes education control condition on diabetes outcomes and psychosocial outcomes in adolescents with T1D. This paper describes the study rationale, trial design, and methodology.
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Dhada BL, Blackbeard DR. Caregivers of children with diabetes mellitus: challenges of caring for and perceptions of consultations in a South African public sector context. S Afr Fam Pract (2004) 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/20786190.2019.1606491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- BL Dhada
- Department of Paediatrics & Child Health, Grey’s Hospital, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
- Department of Paediatrics & Child Health, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
| | - DR Blackbeard
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Grey’s Hospital, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
- Department of Psychiatry, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
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Prikken S, Oris L, Rassart J, Missotten LC, Weets I, Moons P, Goubert L, Luyckx K. Parental illness intrusiveness and youth glycaemic control in type 1 diabetes: intergenerational associations and processes. Psychol Health 2019; 34:438-455. [PMID: 30636450 DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2018.1538451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study examined associations between the functioning of youth with type 1 diabetes and their parents, including parenting dimensions as intervening mechanisms. The study adds to the existing literature by focusing on (1) the concept of parental illness intrusiveness; (2) the (understudied) periods of adolescence and emerging adulthood; and (3) maternal and paternal functioning. DESIGN Questionnaires were completed by 317 patient-mother dyads and 277 patient-father dyads. All patients (aged 14-25) had type 1 diabetes. The hypothesised model was compared to an alternative model using structural equation modelling. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Youth reported on depressive symptoms and treatment adherence; Physicians provided HbA1c-values. Parents reported on illness intrusiveness, depressive symptoms, and their child's treatment adherence. Patients and parents reported on psychological control and overprotection. RESULTS The hypothesised path model had a good fit to the data. Parental illness intrusiveness was positively associated with depressive symptoms and both were positively related to overprotection and psychological control. Psychological control was positively related to patients' depressive symptoms and negatively to treatment adherence. Poorer treatment adherence was associated with worse HbA1c-values. CONCLUSION These findings underscore the relevance of parental illness intrusiveness and emphasise the importance of mothers' and fathers' roles throughout adolescence and emerging adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofie Prikken
- a KU Leuven , Leuven , Belgium.,b Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek Vlaanderen , Brussels , Belgium
| | - Leen Oris
- a KU Leuven , Leuven , Belgium.,b Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek Vlaanderen , Brussels , Belgium
| | - Jessica Rassart
- a KU Leuven , Leuven , Belgium.,b Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek Vlaanderen , Brussels , Belgium
| | | | - Ilse Weets
- c Free University Brussels , Brussels , Belgium
| | - Philip Moons
- a KU Leuven , Leuven , Belgium.,d University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg , Sweden
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Ferrito L, Predieri B, Pjetraj D, Alessandrelli MC, Pagnini M, Iannilli A, Marino M, Tombolini S, Pintaudi B, Lucisano G, Zani F, Iughetti L, Nicolucci A, Cherubini V. Weekend-Based Parent-Group Intervention to Reduce Stress in Parents of Children and Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes: A Pilot Study. J Diabetes Res 2019; 2019:7935945. [PMID: 31871949 PMCID: PMC6906866 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7935945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Diagnosis of type 1 diabetes (T1D) in a child is often associated with anger, denial, fear, and depression from the parents. The aim of the study was to improve parents' adaptation to the diagnosis of diabetes of their child. Sixty-two parents (29 mothers, 33 fathers) of 36 children with type 1 diabetes (mean age = 11.3-3.3 years; diabetes duration > 1 year; HbA1c = 57 ± 11 mmol/mol) participated in a three-day educational working group pilot intervention study. Intervention was based on the reexamination of the traumatic event of diagnosis of T1D through spatial and time-line anchorage, retracing of the future, emotional awareness, and interactive discussion. Relaxing technique, diaphragmatic breathing, and guided visualization were used by 2 psychologists and 1 pediatric endocrinologist. The study was approved by EC and participants filled a consent form. At baseline and after intervention, parents filled in a questionnaire including Diabetes-Related Distress (DRD), Parent Health Locus of Control Scale (PHLOC), Parent Stress Index Short Form (PSI-SF), Hypoglycemia Fear Survey-Parents (HFS-P) and Hypoglycemia Fear Survey-Parents of Young Children (HFS-P-YC), and Health Survey Short Form-36 (SF-36). Three months after the intervention, both parents reported a reduction in the "difficult child" subscale of the PSI-SF (p < 0.05) and increased scores of social functioning of the SF-36 (p < 0.05). DRD score was significantly reduced in mothers (p = 0.03), while the "parental distress" subscale of the PSI-SF was significantly improved in fathers (p = 0.03). This weekend-based parent group intervention seems to reduce stress and improve social functioning of parents of children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes.
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MESH Headings
- Adaptation, Psychological
- Adolescent
- Adolescent Behavior
- Adult
- Age Factors
- Breathing Exercises
- Child
- Child Behavior
- Child, Preschool
- Cost of Illness
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/diagnosis
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/psychology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/therapy
- Emotions
- Feasibility Studies
- Female
- Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice
- Humans
- Imagery, Psychotherapy
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Parents/education
- Parents/psychology
- Pilot Projects
- Psychotherapy, Group
- Relaxation Therapy
- Social Behavior
- Stress, Psychological/diagnosis
- Stress, Psychological/prevention & control
- Stress, Psychological/psychology
- Time Factors
- Treatment Outcome
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Ferrito
- SOD Pediatric Diabetology, Department of Women's and Children's, “G. Salesi” Children's Hospital, AOU Ospedali Riuniti Ancona, Italy
| | - Barbara Predieri
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences of the Mother, Children, and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Dorina Pjetraj
- SOD Pediatric Diabetology, Department of Women's and Children's, “G. Salesi” Children's Hospital, AOU Ospedali Riuniti Ancona, Italy
| | | | - Manuela Pagnini
- SOD Pediatric Diabetology, Department of Women's and Children's, “G. Salesi” Children's Hospital, AOU Ospedali Riuniti Ancona, Italy
| | - Antonio Iannilli
- SOD Pediatric Diabetology, Department of Women's and Children's, “G. Salesi” Children's Hospital, AOU Ospedali Riuniti Ancona, Italy
| | - Monica Marino
- SOD Pediatric Diabetology, Department of Women's and Children's, “G. Salesi” Children's Hospital, AOU Ospedali Riuniti Ancona, Italy
| | - Stefano Tombolini
- SOD Pediatric Diabetology, Department of Women's and Children's, “G. Salesi” Children's Hospital, AOU Ospedali Riuniti Ancona, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe Lucisano
- CORESEARCH SRL-Center for Outcomes Research and Clinical Epidemiology, Pescara, Italy
| | - Fabiana Zani
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences of the Mother, Children, and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Iughetti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences of the Mother, Children, and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Antonio Nicolucci
- CORESEARCH SRL-Center for Outcomes Research and Clinical Epidemiology, Pescara, Italy
| | - Valentino Cherubini
- SOD Pediatric Diabetology, Department of Women's and Children's, “G. Salesi” Children's Hospital, AOU Ospedali Riuniti Ancona, Italy
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Davis SL, Kaulfers AM, Lochman JE, Morrison SA, Pryor ER, Rice M. Depressive Symptoms, Perceived Stress, and Cortisol in School-Age Children With Type 1 Diabetes: A Pilot Study. Biol Res Nurs 2018; 21:166-172. [DOI: 10.1177/1099800418813713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Despite adequate insulin regimens and concurrent treatments for Type 1 diabetes (T1D), many children have trouble achieving glycemic control, as evidenced by elevated HbA1c levels. Maternal and child depressive symptoms, as well as child perceived stress, are associated with less optimal glycemic control. Cortisol, a stress hormone, may mediate the relationships among depressive symptoms, perceived stress, and glycemic control. The purposes of this pilot study were to (1) examine the feasibility of collecting salivary samples to measure cortisol change in prepubertal school-age children diagnosed with T1D and (2) determine effect sizes for the relationships among maternal depressive symptoms and child depressive symptoms, perceived stress, cortisol levels, and glycemic control. Participants were recruited using convenience sampling from a pediatric endocrinology clinic in the southeastern United States. All data, including surveys, salivary samples, HbA1c, height, and weight, were collected the same day as a clinic visit. The study included 30 children, ages 6.9–12.2 years, and their mothers. Most children were female (70%) and Caucasian (76.7%), but the sample was socioeconomically diverse. HbA1c values ranged from 6.1% to 12.2%. Of the children, 18 showed normal declines in cortisol over 3 hr, while 12 had increases in cortisol. Results show recruitment, participation, and data collection are feasible in school-age children with T1D. Examination of relevancy thresholds for effect sizes between variables of interest supports the need for future research in a larger, more representative sample on research questions that include the role cortisol plays as a potential mediator among examined variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara L. Davis
- College of Nursing, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA
| | | | | | - S. A. Morrison
- School of Nursing, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Erica R. Pryor
- School of Nursing, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Marti Rice
- School of Nursing, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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Noser AE, Majidi S, Finch J, Clements MA, Youngkin EM, Patton SR. Authoritarian parenting style predicts poorer glycemic control in children with new-onset type 1 diabetes. Pediatr Diabetes 2018; 19:1315-1321. [PMID: 30014608 PMCID: PMC6487856 DOI: 10.1111/pedi.12726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine cross-sectional and longitudinal associations among parenting styles (ie, authoritative, authoritarian, and permissive) and youth glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in a cohort of families of children with new-onset type 1 diabetes (T1D). METHODS One-hundred two parents completed a baseline measure of parenting style, and we collected child HbA1c values at baseline and at three- and six-month follow-ups. We examined correlations among use of different parenting strategies and child HbA1cs. We conducted multiple regressions to assess the impact of these strategies on child HbA1c at three-month and six-month follow-ups, while controlling for baseline HbA1c, family income, and T1D duration. RESULTS Correlational analyses showed negative associations between authoritative strategies and child HbA1c at baseline, three-month, and six-month assessments and positive associations between authoritarian strategies and child HbA1c at three-month and six-month assessments. Regression analyses found use of authoritarian-like strategies were the only parenting strategies associated with child HbA1c at three-month and six-month follow-ups, while controlling for baseline HbA1c, family income, and T1D duration. CONCLUSION Parents' use of authoritarian-like strategies may negatively impact glycemic control over the course of six-month in children with new-onset T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy E. Noser
- Clinical Child Psychology Program, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas,Center for Children's Healthy Lifestyles and Nutrition, Children’s Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Shideh Majidi
- Division of Endocrinology, Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Jonathan Finch
- Center for Children's Healthy Lifestyles and Nutrition, Children’s Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri,Department of Pediatrics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Mark A. Clements
- Center for Children's Healthy Lifestyles and Nutrition, Children’s Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri,Division of Endocrinology & Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Erin M. Youngkin
- Division of Endocrinology, Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Susana R. Patton
- Center for Children's Healthy Lifestyles and Nutrition, Children’s Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri,Department of Pediatrics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
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Vartak V, Khadilkar A, Khadilkar V, Chiplonkar S, Yajnik C, Garda L, Sethna Y, Nene U. Maternal anxiety and competency of mothers of children with type 1 diabetes. Int J Diabetes Dev Ctries 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s13410-018-0693-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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Murphy LK, Murray CB, Compas BE. Topical Review: Integrating Findings on Direct Observation of Family Communication in Studies Comparing Pediatric Chronic Illness and Typically Developing Samples. J Pediatr Psychol 2018; 42:85-94. [PMID: 28172942 DOI: 10.1093/jpepsy/jsw051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Revised: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To review research on observed family communication in families with children with chronic illnesses compared with families with healthy, typically developing children, and to integrate findings utilizing a unifying family communication framework. Method Topical review of studies that have directly observed family communication in pediatric populations and included a typically developing comparison group. Results Initial findings from 14 studies with diverse approaches to quantifying observed family communication suggest that families with children with chronic illnesses may demonstrate lower levels of warm and structured communication and higher levels of hostile/intrusive and withdrawn communication compared with families with healthy, typically developing children. Conclusion An integrative framework of family communication may be used in future studies that examine the occurrence, correlates, and mechanisms of family communication in pediatric populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lexa K Murphy
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Caitlin B Murray
- Psychology Department, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Bruce E Compas
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
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May DKK, Ellis DA, Cano A, Dekelbab B. Improving Diabetes-Related Parent-Adolescent Communication With Individualized Feedback. J Pediatr Psychol 2018; 42:1114-1122. [PMID: 28387846 DOI: 10.1093/jpepsy/jsx070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To pilot a brief individualized feedback intervention to improve the communication skills of parents with an adolescent with type 1 diabetes. Methods Parent-adolescent dyads (N = 79) discussed a diabetes-related problem, while an interventionist rated the parent's communication skills to give feedback to the parents. Parents were then randomized to a brief feedback session to target person-centered communication skills or an educational session. Dyads discussed another diabetes care problem to assess for change in communication skills. Independent raters coded parent communication skills from video recordings to rate behaviors in the service of examining possible changes in communication skills. Dyads completed ratings of perceived closeness and empathy after each conversation. Results Controlling for overall positive communication at baseline, parents who received feedback showed more improvement in specific person-centered communication skills than parents in the control group. Adolescents in the feedback group reported greater increases in parental empathy and intimacy from pre- to postmanipulation than the control. Conclusions The feedback intervention showed preliminary efficacy for increasing person-centered communication skills and perceived empathy and intimacy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Deborah A Ellis
- Carman and Ann Adams Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University
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Crandell JL, Sandelowski M, Leeman J, Havill NL, Knafl K. Parenting behaviors and the well-being of children with a chronic physical condition. FAMILIES, SYSTEMS & HEALTH : THE JOURNAL OF COLLABORATIVE FAMILY HEALTHCARE 2018; 36:45-61. [PMID: 29172624 PMCID: PMC5880719 DOI: 10.1037/fsh0000305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Numerous studies have identified the importance of parenting behaviors to the well-being of children with chronic physical conditions. Synthesizing the findings of these studies has potential to identify which parenting behaviors are associated with specific aspects of child well-being. METHOD We retrieved research reports addressing the relationship between parenting behaviors and well-being in children with chronic physical conditions, and categorized parenting behaviors based on Skinner, Johnson, and Snyder's (2005) core dimensions of parenting (warmth, rejection, structure, chaos, autonomy support, and coercion) Through meta-analysis, we examined relationships between parenting dimension and child well-being variables. RESULTS Fifty-four reports from 47 unique studies met inclusion criteria. Parent warmth was associated with less child depression, better quality of life, better physical functioning, and fewer externalizing behavior problems. Parent rejection was associated with more child depression, internalizing/externalizing behavior problems, and poorer physical functioning. Parent structure was associated with better child physical functioning. Parent chaos was associated with poorer child physical functioning. Parent autonomy support was associated with better quality of life and fewer externalizing behavior problems. Parent coercion was associated with more child depression, poorer quality of life, poorer physical function, and more internalizing behavior problems. CONCLUSION The results identify multiple, potentially modifiable parenting dimensions associated with well-being in children with a chronic condition, which could be targeted in developing family-focused interventions. They also provide evidence that research using Skinner's core dimensions could lead to conceptualization and study of parenting behaviors in ways that would enable comparison of parenting in a variety of health and sociocultural contexts. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jennifer Leeman
- School of Nursing, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Nancy L Havill
- School of Nursing, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Kathleen Knafl
- School of Nursing, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
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Whittemore R, Zincavage RM, Jaser SS, Grey M, Coleman JL, Collett D, Delvy R, Basile Ibrahim B, Marceau LD. Development of an eHealth Program for Parents of Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes. DIABETES EDUCATOR 2017; 44:72-82. [PMID: 29262747 DOI: 10.1177/0145721717748606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study was to understand the experience of parenting an adolescent with type 1 diabetes (T1DM), to develop a prototype of an eHealth program for parents of adolescents with T1DM, and to evaluate the prototype content and acceptability from the perspective of parents and health care providers. Methods A multiphase method was used generating both qualitative and quantitative data at multiple time points. There were 27 parents of adolescents aged 12 to 18 years with T1DM and 16 health care providers who participated in semistructured interviews to identify parental challenges; 53 parents and 27 providers evaluated the prototype. Thematic content analysis was used to analyze interview transcripts, and descriptive statistics were used to summarize survey data. Results Challenges experienced by parents of adolescents with T1DM included understanding the developmental and hormonal changes of adolescence that affect diabetes care, feeling tension between adolescent independence and parent control, communicating without nagging or conflict, transferring diabetes care responsibility safely, dealing with feelings of stress and distress, and perceiving a lack of resources for T1DM care and insufficient personal time for self-care. In the prototype evaluation, both parents and providers found content to be relevant and provided feedback to guide the development of the full program. Conclusions Parents of adolescents with T1DM and providers expressed a need for parents to have more support in transitioning diabetes care from parent to adolescent. eHealth programs offer an ideal way to address these needs and ultimately can be linked to electronic medical records improving quality and efficiency of health care in this population.
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Berg CA, Butner J, Wiebe DJ, Lansing AH, Osborn P, King PS, Palmer DL, Butler JM. Developmental model of parent-child coordination for self-regulation across childhood and into emerging adulthood: Type 1 diabetes management as an example. DEVELOPMENTAL REVIEW 2017; 46:1-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dr.2017.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the prospective association between adolescents' coping with cancer-related stress and observed positive and negative affect during a mother-adolescent interaction task involving discussion of cancer-related stressors. METHODS Adolescents (age 10-15 years) self-reported about their coping and affect approximately 2 months after cancer diagnosis. Approximately 3 months later, adolescents and mothers were video recorded having a discussion about cancer, and adolescents were coded for expression of positive affect (positive mood) and negative affect (sadness and anxiety). RESULTS Adolescents' use of secondary control coping (i.e., acceptance, cognitive reappraisal, and distraction) in response to cancer-related stress predicted higher levels of observed positive affect, but not negative affect, over time. CONCLUSION Findings provide support for the importance of coping in the regulation of positive emotions. The potential role of coping in preventive interventions to enhance resilience in adolescents facing cancer-related stress is highlighted.
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A process model of the implications of spillover from coparenting conflicts into the parent-child attachment relationship in adolescence. Dev Psychopathol 2017; 29:417-431. [PMID: 28401834 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579417000086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Drawing on a two-wave, multimethod, multi-informant design, this study provides the first test of a process model of spillover specifying why and how disruptions in the coparenting relationship influence the parent-adolescent attachment relationship. One hundred ninety-four families with an adolescent aged 12-14 (M age = 12.4) were followed for 1 year. Mothers and adolescents participated in two experimental tasks designed to elicit behavioral expressions of parent and adolescent functioning within the attachment relationship. Using a novel observational approach, maternal safe haven, secure base, and harshness (i.e., hostility and control) were compared as potential unique mediators of the association between conflict in the coparenting relationship and adolescent problems. Path models indicated that, although coparenting conflicts were broadly associated with maternal parenting difficulties, only secure base explained the link to adolescent adjustment. Adding further specificity to the process model, maternal secure base support was uniquely associated with adolescent adjustment through deficits in adolescents' secure exploration. Results support the hypothesis that coparenting disagreements undermine adolescent adjustment in multiple domains specifically by disrupting mothers' ability to provide a caregiving environment that supports adolescent exploration during a developmental period in which developing autonomy is a crucial stage-salient task.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Adherence to diabetes-management regimens in children requires teamwork and consistency from both parents and children. This study investigated a mediational model developed to understand the relationship between different modifiable parent factors influencing child diabetes-related behaviors. METHODS We recruited 186 parents of children aged 2 to 10 years with Type 1 diabetes to complete self-report questionnaires on child diabetes behavior, parental self-efficacy with managing the child's behavior, parent diabetes self-efficacy, parent adjustment, condition management effort, parent perception of their diabetes knowledge, and parenting behavior. We used structural equation modeling in AMOS to test our hypothesized model of interrelationships between variables associated with child diabetes behavior. RESULTS The hypothesized model provided good fit to the data. We found that parent perception of low levels of diabetes knowledge and higher levels of condition management effort, and parent adjustment difficulties were associated with lower parental self-efficacy with diabetes management. This was further linked with lower levels of parental self-efficacy with managing their child's diabetes behavior, and consequently, higher extent of child diabetes behavior problems. Contrary to our expectations, we did not find a significant effect of parenting behavior on child diabetes behavior problems, either directly or indirectly via parent self-efficacy for managing child's behavior. CONCLUSION Our findings shed light on the mechanisms through which different parenting factors interact and are associated with diabetes behavior in children. These factors can be targeted through parenting interventions to improve child's cooperation with diabetes-management tasks and reduce barriers to effective management.
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Tully C, Shneider C, Monaghan M, Hilliard ME, Streisand R. Peer Coaching Interventions for Parents of Children with Type 1 Diabetes. Curr Diab Rep 2017; 17:39. [PMID: 28434144 PMCID: PMC5630452 DOI: 10.1007/s11892-017-0870-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Peer support is a promising model of providing psychosocial support to parents of children with type 1 diabetes. This review seeks to discuss the findings of the existing literature in peer coaching as it relates to parents and diabetes as well as to identify gaps in knowledge for future intervention development and implementation. RECENT FINDINGS Peer support programs vary widely with regard to recruitment, training, and delivery protocols. Across most programs, ongoing support and supervision are provided to peer coaches. Despite inconsistent effects on psychosocial and child health outcomes, parent coaching is consistently a highly acceptable and feasible intervention with parents of children with T1D. Current evidence supports use of parent coaching as part of a multicomponent intervention or program to increase patient satisfaction, but more research is needed to determine if it can stand alone as an active mechanism for behavior change. The use of peer coach interventions for parents of young children with diabetes is feasible to implement and highly acceptable. However, more research is needed to understand the enduring impact for target parents and peer coaches alike, as well as impact on child outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carrie Tully
- Center for Translational Science, Children's National Medical Center, 111 N. Michigan Avenue NW, Washington, DC, 20010, USA.
| | - Caitlin Shneider
- Center for Translational Science, Children's National Medical Center, 111 N. Michigan Avenue NW, Washington, DC, 20010, USA
| | - Maureen Monaghan
- Center for Translational Science, Children's National Medical Center, 111 N. Michigan Avenue NW, Washington, DC, 20010, USA
- School of Medicine & Health Sciences, George Washington University, 2300 Eye Street NW, Washington, DC, 20037, USA
| | - Marisa E Hilliard
- Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, 1102 Bates Ave, Suite 940, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Randi Streisand
- Center for Translational Science, Children's National Medical Center, 111 N. Michigan Avenue NW, Washington, DC, 20010, USA
- School of Medicine & Health Sciences, George Washington University, 2300 Eye Street NW, Washington, DC, 20037, USA
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Jaser SS, Lord JH, Savin K, Gruhn M, Rumburg T. Developing and Testing an Intervention to Reduce Distress in Mothers of Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes. CLINICAL PRACTICE IN PEDIATRIC PSYCHOLOGY 2017; 6:19-30. [PMID: 30345210 DOI: 10.1037/cpp0000220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Objectives To develop and pilot test a program to meet the needs of mothers of adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and improve outcomes in adolescents with type 1 diabetes. Methods We conducted focus groups with mothers of adolescents to identify needs and develop a cognitive behavioral intervention aimed at reducing maternal distress, improving parenting practices, and reducing family conflict. This intervention was pilot tested in a randomized trial; mothers were randomized to either the Coping & Communication (N=15) intervention or Usual Care (N=15). Mothers and adolescents completed questionnaires measuring distress, parenting, and family conflict pre- and post-intervention, and HbA1c values were obtained from adolescents' medical records pre- and post-intervention. Results Intervention materials (Communication & Coping) received high scores on health literacy and engagement. There was a significant Time × Group interaction for maternal diabetes distress, family conflict (as reported by both mothers and adolescents) and adolescent quality of life. Mothers and adolescents randomized to the intervention group reported significant improvements on these factors as compared to those randomized to usual care. Conclusions The Communication & Coping program was developed by adapting existing interventions proven to reduce depressive symptoms and improve parenting practices to address the specific needs of mothers of adolescents with T1D. The program shows promise for not only reducing distress in mothers, but also for improving adolescent outcomes, possibly through reductions in family conflict.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah S Jaser
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, USA
| | - Jadienne H Lord
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, USA
| | - Kimberly Savin
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, USA
| | - Meredith Gruhn
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, USA
| | - Tamara Rumburg
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, USA
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Wiebe DJ, Helgeson V, Berg CA. The social context of managing diabetes across the life span. AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGIST 2016; 71:526-538. [PMID: 27690482 PMCID: PMC5094275 DOI: 10.1037/a0040355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes self-management is crucial to maintaining quality of life and preventing long-term complications, and it occurs daily in the context of close interpersonal relationships. This article examines how social relationships are central to meeting the complex demands of managing Type I and Type 2 diabetes across the life span. The social context of diabetes management includes multiple resources, including family (parents, spouses), peers, romantic partners, and health care providers. We discuss how these social resources change across the life span, focusing on childhood and adolescence, emerging adulthood, and adulthood and aging. We review how diabetes both affects and is affected by key social relationships at each developmental period. Despite high variability in how the social context is conceptualized and measured across studies, findings converge on the characteristics of social relationships that facilitate or undermine diabetes management across the life span. These characteristics are consistent with both Interpersonal Theory and Self-Determination Theory, 2 organizing frameworks that we utilize to explore social behaviors that are related to diabetes management. Involvement and support from one's social partners, particularly family members, is consistently associated with good diabetes outcomes when characterized by warmth, collaboration, and acceptance. Underinvolvement and interactions characterized by conflict and criticism are consistently associated with poor diabetes outcomes. Intrusive involvement that contains elements of social control may undermine diabetes management, particularly when it impinges on self-efficacy. Implications for future research directions and for interventions that promote the effective use of the social context to improve diabetes self-management are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Mitchell AE, Fraser JA, Morawska A, Ramsbotham J, Yates P. Parenting and childhood atopic dermatitis: A cross-sectional study of relationships between parenting behaviour, skin care management, and disease severity in young children. Int J Nurs Stud 2016; 64:72-85. [PMID: 27693983 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2016.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Revised: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The development of child behaviour and parenting difficulties is understood to undermine treatment outcomes for children with atopic dermatitis. Past research has reported on correlates of child behaviour difficulties. However, few research studies have sought to examine parenting confidence and practices in this clinical group. OBJECTIVES To examine relationships between child, parent, and family variables, parent-reported and directly-observed child and parent behaviour, parents' self-efficacy with managing difficult child behaviour, self-reported parenting strategies, and disease severity. DESIGN Cross-sectional study design. PARTICIPANTS Parent-child dyads (N=64) were recruited from the dermatology clinic of a paediatric tertiary referral hospital in Brisbane, Australia. Children had a diagnosis of atopic dermatitis of ≥3months and no other chronic health conditions except asthma, allergic rhinitis, or allergy. METHODS Parents completed self-report measures assessing child behaviour; parent depression, anxiety, and stress; parenting conflict and relationship satisfaction; self-efficacy with managing difficult child behaviour, and use of ineffective parenting strategies; and self-efficacy for managing atopic dermatitis, and performance of atopic dermatitis management tasks. The Scoring Atopic Dermatitis index was used to assess disease severity. Routine at-home treatment sessions were coded for parent and child behaviour. RESULTS Pearson's and Spearman's correlations identified relationships (p<0.05) between self-efficacy with managing difficult child behaviour and child behaviour problems, parent depression and stress, parenting conflict and relationship satisfaction, and household income. There were also relationships between each of these variables and use of ineffective parenting strategies. Greater use of ineffective parenting strategies was associated with more severe atopic dermatitis. Using multiple linear regressions, child behaviour and household income explained unique variance in self-efficacy for managing difficult child behaviour; household income alone explained unique variance in use of ineffective parenting strategies. Self-efficacy for managing difficult child behaviour and self-efficacy for managing atopic dermatitis were positively correlated (rho=0.48, p<0.001), and more successful self-reported performance of atopic dermatitis management tasks correlated with less permissive (r=0.35, p=0.005) and less authoritarian (r=0.41, p=0.001) parenting. Directly observed aversive child behaviour was associated with more severe atopic dermatitis, parent stress, and parent-reported child behaviour problems. CONCLUSION This study revealed relationships between parents' self-efficacy and parenting practices across the domains of child behaviour management and atopic dermatitis management. Parents of children with more severe atopic dermatitis may have difficulty responding to child behaviour difficulties appropriately, potentially impacting on illness management. Incorporating parent and parenting support within treatment plans may improve not only child and family wellbeing, but also treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy E Mitchell
- Parenting and Family Support Centre, School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia QLD 4072, Australia.
| | - Jennifer A Fraser
- Sydney Nursing School, the University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
| | - Alina Morawska
- Parenting and Family Support Centre, School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia QLD 4072, Australia.
| | - Joanne Ramsbotham
- School of Nursing, Queensland University of Technology, Victoria Park Road, Kelvin Grove QLD 4059, Australia.
| | - Patsy Yates
- School of Nursing, Queensland University of Technology, Victoria Park Road, Kelvin Grove QLD 4059, Australia.
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Robinson EM, Weaver P, Chen R, Streisand R, Holmes CS. A model of parental distress and factors that mediate its link with parental monitoring of youth diabetes care, adherence, and glycemic control. Health Psychol 2016; 35:1373-1382. [PMID: 27513476 DOI: 10.1037/hea0000406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Parental monitoring of adolescents' diabetes self-care is associated with better adherence and glycemic control (A1c). A number of parent-level factors are associated with higher levels of parental monitoring, including lower levels of parental distress (depressive symptoms, stress, anxiety), as well as higher levels of parental self-efficacy for diabetes management and authoritative parenting. Often studied in isolation, these factors may be best considered simultaneously as they are interrelated and are associated with parental monitoring and youth adherence. METHOD Structural equation modeling with a cross-sectional sample of 257 parent/youth (aged 11-14) dyads: (a) examined a broad model of parental factors (i.e., parental distress, parental diabetes self-efficacy, authoritative parenting), and (b) assessed their relation to parental monitoring, youth adherence, and A1c. Post hoc analyses of variance (ANOVAs) evaluated clinical implications of daily parental monitoring. RESULTS Parental distress was not related directly to parental monitoring. Instead less distress related indirectly to more monitoring via higher parental self-efficacy and more authoritative parenting which, in turn, related to better adherence and A1c. Higher parental self-efficacy also related directly to better youth adherence and then to better A1c. Clinically, more parental monitoring related to more daily blood glucose checks and to better A1c (8.48% vs. 9.17%). CONCLUSIONS A broad model of parent-level factors revealed more parental distress was linked only indirectly to less monitoring via lower parental self-efficacy and less authoritative parenting. Behaviorally, more parental monitoring related to better adherence and to clinically better A1c in adolescents. Further study of parent-level factors that relate to parental distress and monitoring of adherence appears warranted. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rusan Chen
- Center For New Designs In Learning and Scholarship, Georgetown University
| | - Randi Streisand
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Children's National Medical Center
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Hilliard ME, Yi-Frazier JP, Hessler D, Butler AM, Anderson BJ, Jaser S. Stress and A1c Among People with Diabetes Across the Lifespan. Curr Diab Rep 2016; 16:67. [PMID: 27287017 PMCID: PMC4936828 DOI: 10.1007/s11892-016-0761-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Stress is known to negatively affect health and is a potentially serious barrier to diabetes-related health outcomes. This paper synthesizes what is known about stress and glycemic control among people with type 1 and type 2 diabetes across the lifespan. Chronic stress-especially in relation to living with diabetes-was most strongly associated with A1c, particularly among subgroups that face disproportionate stress, such as minority groups or adolescents/young adults. Mechanisms of the stress-A1c association include physiological, psychological, behavioral, and environmental links. Understanding the dimensions of stress as they relate to health in diabetes can be of significant clinical importance, and interventions targeting mechanisms that either exacerbate or buffer stress have reported modest improvements in A1c.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa E Hilliard
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, 1102 Bates Ave, Suite 940, Houston, TX, 77004, USA.
| | | | - Danielle Hessler
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Ashley M Butler
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, 1102 Bates Ave, Suite 940, Houston, TX, 77004, USA
| | - Barbara J Anderson
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, 1102 Bates Ave, Suite 940, Houston, TX, 77004, USA
| | - Sarah Jaser
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
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Serkel-Schrama IJP, de Vries J, Nieuwesteeg AM, Pouwer F, Nyklíček I, Speight J, de Bruin EI, Bögels SM, Hartman EE. The Association of Mindful Parenting with Glycemic Control and Quality of Life in Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes: Results from Diabetes MILES-The Netherlands. Mindfulness (N Y) 2016; 7:1227-1237. [PMID: 27642376 PMCID: PMC5010614 DOI: 10.1007/s12671-016-0565-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to examine associations between the mindful parenting style of parents of adolescents (aged 12-18) with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), and the glycaemic control and quality of life (QoL) of the adolescents. Chronic health conditions, such as T1DM, that require demanding treatment regimens, can negatively impact adolescents' quality of life. Therefore, it is important to determine whether mindful parenting may have a positive impact in these adolescents. Age, sex and duration of T1DM were examined as potential moderators. Parents (N = 215) reported on their own mindful parenting style (IM-P-NL) and the adolescents' glycaemic control. Parents and the adolescents with T1DM (N = 129) both reported on adolescents' generic and diabetes-specific QoL (PedsQL™). The results showed that a more mindful parenting style was associated with more optimal hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) values for boys. For girls, a more mindful parenting style was associated with not having been hospitalized for ketoacidosis. For both boys and girls, a more mindful parenting style was associated with better generic and diabetes-specific proxy-reported QoL. In conclusion, mindful parenting style may be a factor in helping adolescents manage their T1DM. Mindful parenting intervention studies for parents of adolescents with T1DM are needed to examine the effects on adolescents' glycaemic control and their quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jolanda de Vries
- Department of Medical Psychology, St. Elisabeth Hospital, Tilburg, The Netherlands
- Center of Research on Psychology in Somatic diseases (CoRPS), Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - Anke M. Nieuwesteeg
- Center of Research on Psychology in Somatic diseases (CoRPS), Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands
- Department of Developmental Psychology, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - Frans Pouwer
- Center of Research on Psychology in Somatic diseases (CoRPS), Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - Ivan Nyklíček
- Center of Research on Psychology in Somatic diseases (CoRPS), Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - Jane Speight
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC Australia
- The Australian Centre for Behavioural Research in Diabetes, Diabetes Victoria, Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - Esther I. de Bruin
- Research Institute Child Development and Education, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Susan M. Bögels
- Research Institute Child Development and Education, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Esther E. Hartman
- Center of Research on Psychology in Somatic diseases (CoRPS), Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands
- Department of Developmental Psychology, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands
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Gruhn MA, Lord JH, Jaser SS. Collaborative and Overinvolved Parenting Differentially Predict Outcomes in Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes. Health Psychol 2016; 35:2016-13811-001. [PMID: 26998735 PMCID: PMC5031507 DOI: 10.1037/hea0000349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The current study examined the impact of collaborative and intrusive parenting on depression and glycemic control in children with Type 1 diabetes (T1D). Research examining the association between parenting and child adjustment in this population has been limited by a reliance primarily on questionnaire data and cross-sectional analyses. To address these gaps, the current study used an observational coding system to measure the effects of parenting on child adjustment over a 1-year period. METHOD Youth (10 to 16 years old) with T1D and their mothers (N = 81) were recruited from an outpatient pediatrics diabetes clinic. Mothers' symptoms of anxiety and depression and children's depressive symptoms were assessed by self- reports; parenting behaviors were assessed via video-recorded observations coded using the Iowa Family Interaction Rating Scales; and adolescents' glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) was obtained from medical records. RESULTS Bivariate correlations and linear regression analyses revealed that higher levels of observed collaborative parenting were related to significantly lower HbA1c 12 months later, and higher levels of observed overinvolved parenting were related to significantly greater child depressive symptoms 12 months later. Further, age and treatment type moderated the relation between overinvolved parenting and child depressive symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Collaborative and overinvolved parenting appears important for adolescents in predicting both psychological and health-related outcomes over time. Parenting behaviors may serve as an important target for future interventions to enhance adjustment in these children. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Landers SE, Friedrich EA, Jawad AF, Miller VA. Examining the interaction of parental involvement and parenting style in predicting adherence in youth with type 1 diabetes. FAMILIES, SYSTEMS & HEALTH : THE JOURNAL OF COLLABORATIVE FAMILY HEALTHCARE 2016; 34:41-50. [PMID: 26866945 PMCID: PMC4786450 DOI: 10.1037/fsh0000183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study examined whether aspects of parenting style (specifically, warmth, autonomy support, and coercion) moderated the association between parental involvement and adherence in youth with type 1 diabetes. METHODS Children ages 8 to 16 years with type 1 diabetes and a parent completed assessments of parental involvement, parenting style, and adherence. RESULTS Parent autonomy support and coercion were associated with adherence but warmth was not. Child report of more parental involvement was associated with better adherence. Warmth, autonomy support, and coercion were not moderators. DISCUSSION The findings underscore the importance of parental involvement, operationalized as responsibility for diabetes tasks, and parenting style, specifically coercion and autonomy support, for adherence in pediatric chronic illness management. Longitudinal research is needed to better understand how and why dimensions of involvement (e.g., responsibility, monitoring, support) vary over time and whether they impact outcomes differentially.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara E Landers
- Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia
| | | | - Abbas F Jawad
- Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia
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Nieuwesteeg AM, Hartman EE, Aanstoot HJ, van Bakel HJA, Emons WHM, van Mil E, Pouwer F. The relationship between parenting stress and parent-child interaction with health outcomes in the youngest patients with type 1 diabetes (0-7 years). Eur J Pediatr 2016; 175:329-38. [PMID: 26438336 PMCID: PMC4757610 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-015-2631-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2015] [Revised: 08/23/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 10/30/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED To test whether parenting stress and the quality of parent-child interaction were associated with glycemic control and quality of life (QoL) in young children (0-7 years) with type 1 diabetes (T1DM), we videotaped 77 families with a young child with T1DM during mealtime (including glucose monitoring and insulin administration). Parent-child interactions were scored with a specifically designed instrument. Questionnaires assessed general and disease-related parenting stress and (diabetes-specific (DS)) QoL. HbA(1c) (glycemic control) was extracted from the medical records. Both general and disease-related parenting stress were associated with a lower (DS)QoL (r ranged from -0.39 to -0.70, p < 0.05), but not with HbA(1c) levels. Furthermore, with regard to the parent-child interaction, emotional involvement of parents (r = 0.23, p < 0.05) and expressed discomfort of the child (r = 0.23, p < 0.05) were related to suboptimal HbA(1c) levels. There was no clear pattern in the correlations between parent-child interaction and (DS)QoL. CONCLUSION The results support the notion that diabetes does not only affect the child with T1DM: T1DM is a family disease, as parenting factors (like stress and parent-child interactions) are associated with important child outcomes. Therefore, it is important for health-care providers to not only focus on the child with T1DM, but also on the family system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anke M Nieuwesteeg
- Center of Research on Psychology in Somatic diseases (CoRPS), Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands.
| | - Esther E Hartman
- Center of Research on Psychology in Somatic diseases (CoRPS), Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands.
| | | | - Hedwig J A van Bakel
- Department of TRANZO, Scientific Center for Care and Welfare, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands.
| | - Wilco H M Emons
- Center of Research on Psychology in Somatic diseases (CoRPS), Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands.
- Department of Methodology and Statistics, Tilburg University, PO Box 90153, 5000 LE, Tilburg, The Netherlands.
| | - Edgar van Mil
- Kidz&Ko, Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands.
| | - Frans Pouwer
- Center of Research on Psychology in Somatic diseases (CoRPS), Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands.
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Hessler D, Fisher L, Polonsky W, Johnson N. Understanding the Areas and Correlates of Diabetes-Related Distress in Parents of Teens With Type 1 Diabetes. J Pediatr Psychol 2016; 41:750-8. [PMID: 26869664 DOI: 10.1093/jpepsy/jsw002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify the unique areas of diabetes-related distress (DD) for parents of teens with type 1 diabetes and parent and teen characteristics associated with DD. METHODS Areas of DD were developed from structured interviews and translated into 46 survey items. Items were analyzed with exploratory factor analysis (EFA). RESULTS An EFA with 332 parents (88% mothers) reduced items to four Parent Diabetes Distress Scale (PDDS) factors (20 items, α = .94): Personal, Teen Management, Parent/Teen Relationship, and Healthcare Team Distress. Parent DD was higher among fathers, younger or single parents, parents of teens with higher hemoglobin A1c or severe low blood glucose levels, authoritarian parenting, depressive symptoms, and low emotional support. CONCLUSIONS 4 areas of parent DD were identified using a newly developed measure, the PDDS. DD was associated with family demographic, teen diabetes status, and parent contextual factors, and can help identify parents who may be more vulnerable to DD.
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Christin A, Akre C, Berchtold A, Suris JC. Parent-adolescent relationship in youths with a chronic condition. Child Care Health Dev 2016; 42:36-41. [PMID: 26140665 DOI: 10.1111/cch.12266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Revised: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suffering from a chronic disease or disability (CDD) during adolescence can be a burden for both the adolescents and their parents. The aim of the present study is to assess how living with a CDD during adolescence, the quality of parent-adolescent relationship (PAR) and the adolescent's psychosocial development interact with each other. METHODS Using the Swiss Multicenter Adolescent Survey on Health 2002 (SMASH02) database, we compared adolescents aged 16-20 years with a CDD (n = 760) with their healthy peers (n = 6493) on sociodemographics, adolescents' general and psychosocial health, interparental relationship and PAR. RESULTS Bivariate analyses showed that adolescents with a CDD had a poorer psychosocial health and a more difficult relationship with their parents. The log-linear model indirectly linked CDD and poor PAR through four variables: two of the adolescents' psychosocial health variables (suicide attempt and sensation seeking), the need for help regarding difficulties with parents and a highly educated mother that acted as a protective factor, allowing for a better parent-adolescent with a CDD relationship. CONCLUSION It is essential for health professionals taking care of adolescents with a CDD to distinguish between issues in relation with the CDD from other psychosocial difficulties, in order to help these adolescents and their parents deal with them appropriately and thus maintain a healthy PAR.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Christin
- Research Group on Adolescent Health (GRSA/IUMSP), Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - C Akre
- Research Group on Adolescent Health (GRSA/IUMSP), Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - A Berchtold
- Research Group on Adolescent Health (GRSA/IUMSP), Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - J C Suris
- Research Group on Adolescent Health (GRSA/IUMSP), Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
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