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Garrow A, Bailey K, Brown J, Clarke S, Carey M, Neill S, Todd D, Fallon D. Protecting the integrity of children and young people's nursing as a distinct field of practice. Nurs Child Young People 2024:e1512. [PMID: 38712348 DOI: 10.7748/ncyp.2024.e1512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
At certain points in nursing history, it has been necessary to make a case for children and young people to be cared for by specialist nurses educated to meet their specific needs. However, in 2018 the updated Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC) standards of proficiency for registered nurses adopted a generic rather than field-specific approach. This article reiterates that children, young people and their families have unique needs that are best met by nurses who are trained specifically to care for them. The case is made from a historical and legal perspective, concluding with a proposal that in the best interests of children, young people and their families, the NMC should embed specific competencies for children's nurses into its standards of proficiency to future-proof this field of practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Garrow
- nursing, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, England
| | - Kathryn Bailey
- University of Dundee School of Health Sciences, Dundee, Scotland
| | - Julie Brown
- Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - Sonya Clarke
- Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | | | | | - Donald Todd
- Garthdee Campus, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, Scotland
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2
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Hjern A, Lindfors A, Sarkadi A, Bergqvist K, Bergström M. Child behaviour is a main concern for parents of 3-year-olds. Acta Paediatr 2024. [PMID: 38624175 DOI: 10.1111/apa.17233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to describe parental concerns about child health and behaviour and their sociodemographic predictors in 3-year-olds, in relation to the national guidelines of well-baby clinics. METHODS The study included parents of 33 526 children in Stockholm who had completed a questionnaire prior to a routine visit to a well-baby clinic at age 3 years. Multivariate regression was used to analyse predictors for concerns. RESULTS Child behaviour problems, defined as defiance and problem with adherence to daily routines, were the most common parental concerns (36.4%), with poor social skills and relations being second (21.8%). Regarding development, 9.6% had concerns about speech and 4.7% about motor development. Screen use (9.5%) and being underweight (6.3%) were other common parental concerns, while lifestyle concerns regarding physical activity and overweight were rare. Parents raised about twice as many concerns for first-born children compared with younger siblings. Child behaviour and developmental concerns were more frequent in families where the mother had primary education only and attended a well-baby clinic with a high Care Need Index. CONCLUSION Parents' concerns reflected the national guidelines about child development and behaviour, but not its emphasis on a healthy lifestyle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders Hjern
- Regional Unit for the Well-baby Clinics, Sachs Children's Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Medicine, Clinical Epidemiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Centre for Health Equity Studies, Stockholm University/Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anncharlotte Lindfors
- Regional Unit for the Well-baby Clinics, Sachs Children's Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Sarkadi
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, CHAP, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kersti Bergqvist
- Regional Unit for the Well-baby Clinics, Sachs Children's Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Malin Bergström
- Regional Unit for the Well-baby Clinics, Sachs Children's Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Medicine, Clinical Epidemiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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3
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Iglesias‐Vázquez L, Canals J, Hernández‐Martínez C, Voltas N, Arija V. Prenatal iron supplementation adjusted to maternal iron stores reduces behavioural problems in 4-year-old children. Matern Child Nutr 2024; 20:e13595. [PMID: 38041537 PMCID: PMC10750013 DOI: 10.1111/mcn.13595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Prenatal iron supplementation improves children's health and cognitive performance, but few studies explore behavioural development. This study assessed the effects of adjusting prenatal iron supplementation to maternal iron stores during early pregnancy on children's behavioural problems. Randomized controlled trial conducted in Tarragona (Spain) involving 230 nonanaemic pregnant women and their children after a 4-year follow-up. Based on haemoglobin (Hb) levels before gestational week (GW) 12, women receive different iron doses: those with Hb = 110-130 g/L were randomized to receive 80 or 40 mg/day and those with Hb > 130 g/L were randomized to receive 20 or 40 mg/day. Maternal iron stores at GW12 were classified using serum ferritin (SF) as low (SF < 15 µg/L), normal (SF = 15-65 µg/L), and normal-high (SF > 65 µg/L). Children's behaviour was assessed by parents using the Child Behaviour Checklist for ages 1.5-5 years and the Behaviour Rating Inventory of Executive Function-Preschool Version, and by teachers using the Teacher's Report Form for ages 1.5-5 years. Multivariable regression models were performed. Taking 80 mg/day of iron improved child behaviour when women had low iron stores but worsened it when mothers had normal-high iron stores, except for depressive and attention/hyperactivity problems. Taking 20 mg/day of iron improved behaviour only in those children whose mothers had SF > 65 µg/L in early pregnancy. Additionally, executive functioning improved at high doses of prenatal iron when maternal baseline SF < 15 µg/L. Adjusting prenatal iron supplementation to both maternal baseline Hb levels and iron stores reduces behavioural problems in 4-year-old children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Iglesias‐Vázquez
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Nutrition and Mental Health (NUTRISAM) Research GroupUniversitat Rovira I VirgiliReusSpain
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitaria Pere Virgili (IISPV)ReusSpain
| | - Josefa Canals
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Nutrition and Mental Health (NUTRISAM) Research GroupUniversitat Rovira I VirgiliReusSpain
- Department of Psychology, Research Centre for Behavioral Assessment (CRAMC), Faculty of Education Sciences and PsychologyUniversitat Rovira I VirgiliTarragonaSpain
| | - Carmen Hernández‐Martínez
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Nutrition and Mental Health (NUTRISAM) Research GroupUniversitat Rovira I VirgiliReusSpain
- Department of Psychology, Research Centre for Behavioral Assessment (CRAMC), Faculty of Education Sciences and PsychologyUniversitat Rovira I VirgiliTarragonaSpain
| | - Núria Voltas
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Nutrition and Mental Health (NUTRISAM) Research GroupUniversitat Rovira I VirgiliReusSpain
- Department of Psychology, Research Centre for Behavioral Assessment (CRAMC), Faculty of Education Sciences and PsychologyUniversitat Rovira I VirgiliTarragonaSpain
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education Sciences and Psychology, Serra Húnter FellowUniversitat Rovira I VirgiliTarragonaSpain
| | - Victoria Arija
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Nutrition and Mental Health (NUTRISAM) Research GroupUniversitat Rovira I VirgiliReusSpain
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitaria Pere Virgili (IISPV)ReusSpain
- Collaborative Research Group on Lifestyles, Nutrition, and Smoking (CENIT), Tarragona‐Reus Research Support UnitIDIAP Jordi GolTarragonaSpain
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de Andrade Leão OA, Bertoldi AD, Domingues MR, Murray J, Santos IS, Barros AJD, Matijasevich A, Mielke GI. Cross-sectional and prospective associations between screen time and childhood neurodevelopment in two Brazilian cohorts born 11 years apart. Child Care Health Dev 2024; 50:e13165. [PMID: 37609715 DOI: 10.1111/cch.13165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to investigate the associations between screen time from ages 2 to 4 years and child neurodevelopment at age 4. METHODS The participants were from the 2004 (N = 3787) and 2015 (N = 3604) Pelotas (Brazil) birth cohort studies. Childhood neurodevelopment was assessed at age 4 using the Battelle Development Inventory. The time children spent on screen devices was reported by their guardians at ages 2 and 4 years. Linear regression models were used to investigate the association of: (i) time spent on television at ages 2 and 4 years; (ii) time spent on other screens at age 4; and (iii) total screen time at age 4 (television + other screens) with childhood neurodevelopment at age 4. RESULTS Average daily screen time among children born in 2004 and those born in 2005 aged 4 years were 3.4 (SD: 2.4) and 4.4 h (SD: 2.9), respectively. Overall, few associations of very small magnitude between screen time and child neurodevelopment were observed. Television time at 2 years of age was statistically associated with lower neurodevelopment at 4 years of age in the 2015 cohort (β = -0.30, 95%CI = -0.55; -0.05). Conversely, television time (β = 0.17, 95%CI = 0.07, 0.26) and total screen time (β = 0.22, 95%CI = 0.13, 0.31) at age 4 were associated with higher neurodevelopment at age 4 in the 2004 cohort. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study suggest that the amount of time spent on screen devices might not be associated with neurodevelopment of children under 5 years of age. The small magnitude and inconsistencies in the direction of associations did not find evidence to support the current guidelines for screen time at this age. Therefore, more studies, especially those with longitudinal data, are important to comprehend the true effect of screen time on neurodevelopment and other health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Joseph Murray
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Iná Silva Santos
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Aluisio J D Barros
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Alicia Matijasevich
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gregore Iven Mielke
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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5
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May C, Atherton C, Colyvas K, Mancini V, Campbell LE. Development of a Brief Coparenting Measure: The Coparenting Competence Scale. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2023; 20:6322. [PMID: 37444169 PMCID: PMC10341666 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20136322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Coparenting competence (CC) is a concept that describes the sense of collective efficacy that parents experience in raising children. An advantage of CC is that it bridges a gap between family systems thinking and efficacy theory, where extant research and theory have focused on the self-efficacy of one or both parents. This study aimed to develop a self-reported measure of CC. METHODOLOGY Participants (n = 302), including cohabiting mothers (n = 240) and fathers (n = 62), completed an online survey (112 items) comprising demographic questions, the Coparenting Relationship Scale (CRS), the Parenting Sense of Competence Scale (PSOC), the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), and 36 items designed to explore perceptions of CC. RESULTS Factor analyses on 36-CC items identified 10 items that reliably formed a brief Coparenting Competence Scale (CCS; Alpha = 0.89). Analysis of convergent and divergent validity demonstrated that the CCS measures a unique construct that is linked to parenting self-efficacy, measured by PSOC (r = 0.47), and coparenting quality, assessed by the CRS (r = 0.63). There was a significant association between CCS and SDQ across age groups and an association stronger than that found for the CRS and SDQ in the current cohort. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS The study found support for the reliability and validity of the CCS. Coparenting competence, assessed by the CCS, was found to be distinct from factors previously used to represent coparenting quality in multivariate scales. The strength of associations between the CCS and SDQ suggests this new measure may have an important role in coparenting research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris May
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Codie Atherton
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Kim Colyvas
- College of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Vincent Mancini
- Curtin School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Linda E. Campbell
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Science, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
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Morawska A, Etel E, Mitchell AE. Relationships between parenting and illness factors and child behaviour difficulties in children with asthma and/or eczema. J Child Health Care 2023:13674935231155964. [PMID: 37043221 DOI: 10.1177/13674935231155964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
Chronic health conditions such as asthma and eczema are common and are associated with significant psychosocial sequelae for children and their families. A number of parenting variables have been implicated in child health outcomes; however, there are gaps in understanding of the relationships between parenting and child adjustment in the context of chronic illness. This study examined the role that modifiable parenting factors including parenting style, self-efficacy, and adjustment play in explaining general and illness-related child behaviour and emotional problems. Parents (N = 107) of children diagnosed with asthma only (n = 22), eczema only (n = 59), or both conditions (n = 26) completed a range of parenting and child adjustment measures. The majority of the modifiable parenting factors (parents' self-efficacy with managing their child's internalising, asthma-related, and eczema-related behaviours; parent adjustment; and use of ineffective parenting strategies) made significant contributions to explaining variance child behaviour. Parenting variables consistently explained greater proportions of variance in general and illness-related child behaviour difficulties compared to demographic and illness factors and represent important intervention targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Morawska
- Parenting and Family Support Centre, School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Evren Etel
- School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Amy E Mitchell
- Parenting and Family Support Centre, School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- School of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Work, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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Mourão PS, Coelho VS, Souto-Souza D, Machado GF, Moreira LV, Duarte-Rodrigues L, Ramos-Jorge J, Ramos-Jorge ML. Association between child's behaviour during first dental appointment and effectiveness of dental plaque removal by caregivers. Int J Dent Hyg 2022. [PMID: 36544268 DOI: 10.1111/idh.12653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the association between the behaviour of children aged 1 to 4 years during their dental appointment and the effectiveness of dental plaque removal by caregivers. METHODS This longitudinal study with intervention had the participation of 146 children (mean age = 34.89 months), 75 of whom (51.4%) showed positive behaviour (+ and ++) and 71 (48.6%), negative behaviour (- and - -). The children were evaluated at the first dental appointment, according to the Frankl scale. They were subjected to an assessment of oral conditions, and their plaque level was recorded (Quigley-Hein Index modified by Turesky) using the Evince® device. Caregivers received oral hygiene guidance. The dental plaque assessment was performed before giving the oral hygiene guidance and 14 days later. The statistical analysis included a descriptive assessment and the Wilcoxon test (p < 0.05). RESULTS Mean dental plaque levels dropped significantly from the first to the second assessment (p < 0.001). The sample was divided according to the child's behaviour, observing that only the group of children with positive behaviour showed significantly less dental plaque in the second assessment (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION The positive behaviour of children aged 1 to 4 years during the first dental appointments is associated with more effective dental plaque removal by caregivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscila Seixas Mourão
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Brazil
| | - Valéria Silveira Coelho
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Débora Souto-Souza
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Centro Universitário do Triângulo (UNITRI), Uberlândia, Brazil.,Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Gabrielly Fernandes Machado
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Brazil
| | - Luana Viviam Moreira
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Brazil
| | - Lucas Duarte-Rodrigues
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Brazil
| | - Joana Ramos-Jorge
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Maria Letícia Ramos-Jorge
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Brazil
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8
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Arthur S, Mitchell AE, Morawska A. Parent-reported barriers to establishing a healthy diet with young children in Australia. Child Care Health Dev 2022. [PMID: 36394570 DOI: 10.1111/cch.13081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parents' beliefs and behaviours affect children's nutrition, eating behaviours, and health outcomes; however, little is known about parents' experiences and perspectives on establishing a healthy diet with young children. METHODS A community-recruited sample of 391 parents of young children (under age 5) completed an anonymous cross-sectional online survey assessing the degree to which their children met recommendations outlined in Australian nutrition guidelines, perceived barriers to establishing a healthy diet with their child, and interest in receiving tips/information about establishing healthy eating habits with their children. Descriptive statistics illustrated proportions of children adhering to recommendations. Thematic analysis was used to analyse qualitative data. RESULTS Adherence to recommended nutrition guidelines varied across age groups. Most children across all age groups had water as their main drink, routinely consumed a variety of fruit, and consumed sweet drinks or fast foods only rarely. In contrast, less than half of 2- and 3-year-olds regularly consumed a variety of vegetables. The proportion of children consuming discretionary "treat" foods increased sharply over the first 2 years of life, and two thirds of 2-, 3-, and 4-year-olds consumed treat foods a few days per week or more. Parent-reported barriers to establishing a healthy diet with young children included child behavioural factors (e.g., dislike of vegetables), parental influences (e.g., lack of time), family dynamics (e.g., influence of extended family) and external influences (e.g., external environment). Parents were most often interested in ways to modify child behaviour and information about child nutrition. CONCLUSIONS Parents cite child behavioural issues as a major barrier to establishing a healthy diet with young children. Behavioural interventions that provide parents with information and support on how to establish a healthy diet with young children, as opposed to educational interventions focusing mainly on what children should be eating, may better meet families' needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally Arthur
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Amy E Mitchell
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia.,Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia.,Parenting and Family Support Centre, School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Alina Morawska
- Parenting and Family Support Centre, School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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Tepper DL, Howell TJ, Bennett PC. Executive functions and household chores: Does engagement in chores predict children's cognition? Aust Occup Ther J 2022; 69:585-598. [PMID: 35640882 PMCID: PMC9796572 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1630.12822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The benefits of completing household chores appear to transfer beyond managing day-to-day living. It is possible that chore engagement may improve executive functions, as engagement in chores require individuals to plan, self-regulate, switch between tasks, and remember instructions. To date, little research has been conducted on household chores and executive functions in children, for whom these skills are still developing. METHODS Parents and guardians (N = 207) of children aged 5-13 years (M = 9.38, SD = 2.15) were asked to complete parent-report questionnaires on their child's engagement in household chores and their child's executive functioning. RESULTS Results of the regression model indicated that engagement in self-care chores (e.g., making self a meal) and family-care chores (e.g., making someone else a meal) significantly predicted working memory and inhibition, after controlling for the influence of age, gender, and presence or absence of a disability. For families with a pet, there was no significant relationship between engagement in pet-care chores and executive function skills. CONCLUSION We strongly recommend that further research explore the relationship between chores and executive functions. It is possible that parents may be able to facilitate their child's executive function development through encouraging participation in chores, whereas chore-based interventions (e.g., cooking programmes) may also be used to target deficits in ability.
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Joshi S, Garg S, Dhindsa A. Effect of maternal parenting style on child behaviour and its management strategies in dental office: A pilot study. Clin Child Psychol Psychiatry 2022; 27:1197-1208. [PMID: 35156405 DOI: 10.1177/13591045211061794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the effect of maternal parenting style on child behaviour and consequent management strategies in dental office. MATERIALS AND METHODS Eighty child-mother pairs were included in the study. Before the start of the treatment, Maternal parenting style was evaluated utilising Primary Caregivers Practices Report, while child behaviour along with his/her perception towards dental treatment were observed using Frankl Behaviour Rating Scale and Sound Eye Motor scale, respectively. Also the behaviour management strategy utilised for the child was noted and its correlation to both parenting style and child behaviour was evaluated. RESULTS A statistically significant correlation (p-value = 0.00) was observed between the maternal parenting style and child behaviour displayed during dental treatment. Also, a positive correlation (p-value = 0.00) was observed between behaviour displayed by the children and behaviour management strategy used in the dental operatory. CONCLUSION The clinicians can predict the type of behaviour the child might display and the behaviour management strategy to be utilised for a specific child based on the maternal parenting style.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakshi Joshi
- Department of Paediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Maharishi Markandeshwar College of Dental Sciences and Research, Mullana, Ambala
| | - Shalini Garg
- Department of Paediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Maharishi Markandeshwar College of Dental Sciences and Research, Mullana, Ambala
| | - Abhishek Dhindsa
- Department of Paediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Maharishi Markandeshwar College of Dental Sciences and Research, Mullana, Ambala
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11
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Mitchell AE, Morawska A, Lohan A, Filus A, Batch J. Randomised controlled trial of the Healthy Living Triple P-Positive Parenting Program for families of children with type 1 diabetes. J Child Health Care 2022:13674935221116694. [PMID: 35950339 DOI: 10.1177/13674935221116694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This randomised controlled trial examined the efficacy of a brief, group-based parenting program in improving child and family outcomes for families of children with type 1 diabetes. Families (N = 50) of children (2-10 years) with type 1 diabetes were randomly allocated to intervention (n = 22) or care-as-usual (n = 28). Assessments (pre-intervention, post-intervention and 6-month follow-up) evaluated parent- and child-reported parenting behaviour, child behaviour/adjustment and child quality of life (primary outcomes); and metabolic control (routinely-collected blood glucose data), parents' self-efficacy with diabetes management, diabetes-specific child behaviour difficulties, family quality of life, parents' diabetes-related and general parenting stress and observed parent and child behaviour (secondary outcomes). Intent-to-treat analyses indicated greater rate of improvement over time for families allocated to intervention compared to care-as-usual for use of corporal punishment (primary caregivers only), and confidence with managing children's emotions/behaviours, parent-rated child quality of life and adjustment to the child's illness (secondary caregivers only). There were no other intervention effects. Although families found the intervention useful, low levels of psychosocial problems at baseline limited the scope for group-level improvement and there was limited evidence for intervention efficacy. Individually-tailored measures of goal-specific behaviour change may be considered in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy E Mitchell
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, 5723Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Parenting and Family Support Centre, School of Psychology, 1974The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Alina Morawska
- Parenting and Family Support Centre, School of Psychology, 1974The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Aditi Lohan
- Institute for Social Science Research, 1974The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Ania Filus
- DaVita Clinical Research, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Jennifer Batch
- School of Medicine, 1974The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Queensland Children's Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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12
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Freeman-Ferguson M. Tourette's syndrome: challenging misconceptions and improving understanding. Nurs Child Young People 2022; 34:34-42. [PMID: 35312241 DOI: 10.7748/ncyp.2022.e1416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Tourette's syndrome affects about 1% of the school-age population. Children and young people with the condition exhibit involuntary motor and vocal (also known as phonic) tics. Only 10% of those with Tourette's syndrome have coprolalia, which involves involuntary swearing and inappropriate language. Tourette's syndrome often presents with other conditions such as obsessive-compulsive disorder, autism and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Those affected by Tourette's syndrome may be able to manage the condition with little or no professional support, but some may need pharmacological and nonpharmacological input, particularly from mental health services. It is essential that peers, teachers, healthcare staff and members of the public are aware of Tourette's syndrome to ensure that children and young people living with the condition are supported well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Freeman-Ferguson
- child health nursing, School of Health and Social Care, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, Scotland
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Weishuhn D, Scully A, Amini H, Salzmann L, Boynton JR. Contemporary predoctoral paediatric behaviour guidance education in the United States and Canada. Eur J Dent Educ 2022; 26:85-92. [PMID: 33548111 DOI: 10.1111/eje.12675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the contemporary educational experiences of predoctoral dental students in the United States and Canada regarding behaviour guidance (BG) of the child patient and assess trends from a previous study in 2004. METHODS Data were collected from 32 predoctoral paediatric dentistry programme directors in the United States and Canada via a web-based survey. RESULTS The didactic curriculum hours devoted to the teaching of BG techniques in 2019 are similar to 2004. A majority (60.7%) of programmes do not have a formal assessment of competency with BG techniques. Lectures (n = 28), clinical experience (n = 28) and observation (n = 26) were the most common techniques implemented to teach BG techniques, and tell-show-do (100%), non-verbal communication (82.1%), positive reinforcement (89.3%) and distraction (82.1%) were the techniques that more than 75% of dental students most commonly have hands-on experience with during their dental education. In 2019, students tended to have more hands-on experience with nitrous oxide/oxygen inhalation and less hands-on experience with aversive techniques and sedation. CONCLUSIONS The majority of dental schools do not have a formal competency in BG of the child patient. Compared with 2004, nitrous oxide/oxygen is used more by dental students and there is less predoctoral education in aversive BG techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Weishuhn
- Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Mott Children's Health Center & Hurley Medical Center, Flint, MI, USA
| | - Allison Scully
- Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Homa Amini
- Ohio State University College of Dentistry, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Larry Salzmann
- Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - James R Boynton
- Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Nöthling J, Laughton B, Seedat S. Maternal depression and infant social withdrawal as predictors of behaviour and development in vertically HIV-infected children at 3.5 years. Paediatr Int Child Health 2021; 41:268-277. [PMID: 35235497 DOI: 10.1080/20469047.2021.2023436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In low- and middle-income countries, there is a high prevalence of post-partum depression and it is often associated with HIV status. Maternal depression negatively affects mothering and can lead to social withdrawal in infants. Maternal depression and infant social withdrawal can have deleterious long-term effects on children's behaviour and neurodevelopmental trajectories. AIM To investigate whether maternal depression and infant social withdrawal at 10-12 months post-partum were significant predictors of child behaviour and development at 42 months. METHOD Seventy-four mother-infant dyads living with HIV were followed in a prospective, longitudinal design. Mothers were assessed for depression using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale (CES-D). Infant social withdrawal was assessed by the modified Alarm Distress Baby Scale (m-ADBB), and development and behaviour were evaluated by the Griffiths Mental Development Scales (GMDS) and the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), respectively. RESULTS Maternal depression explained 4.8% of the variance in child behaviour (β = 0.98, t = 2.05, p < 0.05) and 10.3% of the variance in development (β = -0.30, t = -2.66, p < 0.05). Infant social withdrawal was not a significant predictor of behaviour (β = 3.27, t = 1.36, p = 0.18), but it did uniquely explain 7% of the variance in development (β = -1.32, t = -2.48, p < 0.05). CONCLUSION In the context of HIV, screening for maternal depression and the quality of mother-infant interactions are important (especially in the 1st year post-partum), given the significant long-term impact they have on behaviour and neurodevelopment. ABBREVIATIONS ANOVA: analysis of variance; ART: antiretroviral therapy; CBCL: Child Behavioral Checklist; CES-D: Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale; CHEI: children HIV-exposed and infected; CHER: Children with HIV Early Antiretroviral Treatment Trial; CHEU: children HIV-exposed and uninfected; CHUU: children HIV-unexposed and -uninfected; GMDS: Griffiths Mental Development Scales; HIV: human immunodeficiency virus; LMIC: low- and middle-income countries; m-ADBB: modified Alarm Distress Baby Scale; NRF: National Research Foundation; SAMRC: South African Medical Research Council; WHO: World Health Organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jani Nöthling
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Barbara Laughton
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, The Family Centre for Research with Ubuntu, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Soraya Seedat
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
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Oerther S. Designing interview guides on stress and coping related to parenting pre-teen children: an example from a hermeneutic phenomenological study. Nurs Open 2021; 8:2142-2152. [PMID: 34251752 PMCID: PMC8363417 DOI: 10.1002/nop2.778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS To develop a semi-structured interview guide on stress and coping related to parenting pre-teen children for a hermeneutic phenomenological research study. DESIGN Hermeneutic phenomenological research approach which describes the development of an interview guide with semi-structured questions. METHODS Ovid MEDLINE, CIHAHL, ERIC, SCOPUS, Web of Science, JSTOR, Education Source, PsyINFO and ProQuest were searched to identify possible interview guides with questions related to stress and coping. The literature was searched in 2019 and included manuscripts from 1970-2019. An initial interview guide was constructed. Mock interviews were used to confirm the rigour of the guide. RESULTS The final outcome was a semi-structured interview guide on stress and coping related to parenting pre-teen children. CONCLUSION The development of this semi-structured interview guide is relevant to hermeneutic phenomenological researchers who are interested in discovering how personal background meanings and interpersonal concerns shape parents' day-to-day stress appraisals and coping with parenting pre-teen children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Oerther
- Saint Louis University School of Nursing, St. Louis, MO, USA
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16
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Rodrigues VBM, Costa LR, Corrêa de Faria P. Parents' satisfaction with paediatric dental treatment under sedation: A cross-sectional study. Int J Paediatr Dent 2021; 31:337-343. [PMID: 32412090 DOI: 10.1111/ipd.12661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patient-reported outcomes are under-investigated in the field of paediatric dental sedation. AIM To evaluate the satisfaction of parents/guardians with their children's dental sedation, compare it to the dentist's satisfaction, and identify associated factors. DESIGN This study was performed with parents/guardians of young children treated under sedation and dentists. Participants' satisfaction was measured using the visual analogue scale (0-100). Child's behaviour was classified using the Ohio State Behavioural Rating Scale. Other information was collected during interviews and from patient charts. The Spearman's, Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests were performed (P < .05). RESULTS A total of 167 parents/guardians and ten dentists participated in the study. Protective stabilisation and atraumatic restorative treatment (ART) were used in 69.9% and 51.5% appointments, respectively. The parents/guardians (median: 91 [25-75 percentile: 75-96]) and dentists (76 [23-98]) were satisfied. Parental/guardian satisfaction was higher than dentist satisfaction (P ≤ .001). Parental/guardian satisfaction was positively correlated with quiet child behaviour (r = 0.347, P ≤ .001) and was associated with the non-use of protective stabilisation (P ≤ .001), no previous toothache (P = .019), and the use of ART (P = .018). CONCLUSION The participants were satisfied with treatment under sedation. Parents/guardians were more satisfied, especially, when the child had cooperative behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luciane Rezende Costa
- Department of Oral Health, Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Corrêa de Faria
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
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Chin JC, Lin MH. Children's experiences of living with maternal breast cancer: A qualitative study. J Adv Nurs 2021; 77:3446-3457. [PMID: 33905553 DOI: 10.1111/jan.14866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate the experiences of Taiwanese school-aged children coping with maternal breast cancer. DESIGN A qualitative interview study. METHODS A cohort of 10 boys and 12 girls aged 6 to 13 years (mean age, 9.86 years) whose mothers were diagnosed with breast cancer in the last 2 years were recruited from patient networks in Taiwan. Data were collected from February to June 2019 via semi-structured individual interviews. Their responses were subjected to content analysis. RESULTS Content analysis yielded six themes: (1) reluctance to share feelings with others; (2) recognizing changes in the tone of family life; (3) casting the cause of breast cancer onto oneself; (4) engaging in active coping; (5) maturing and gaining life lessons; and (6) family communication matters. CONCLUSION The findings shed light on how family processes and cultural beliefs shape children's experiences. School-aged children came to terms with the significance of maternal breast cancer from a broad context of family experiences over time, and thus gained insights into their self-expectations and future aspirations. IMPACT Healthcare professionals can help school-aged children develop a rational view of breast cancer pathogenesis. In addition, we suggest nursing interventions to support a family-oriented approach to coping. Such interventions should address changes in family processes to improve coping abilities of children and the entire family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jui-Chih Chin
- Department of Early Childhood Education, University of Taipei, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Miao-Hui Lin
- Department of Early Childhood Education, National University of Tainan, Tainan, Taiwan
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Davidson PW, Myers GJ, Shamlaye C. Principles of studying low-level neurotoxic exposures in children: using the Seychelles Child Development Study of methyl mercury as a prototype. Neurotoxicology 2021; 81:307-314. [PMID: 33741114 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2020.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies to determine the impact of low level toxic exposure on child development are important in guiding clinical and public health action. However, carrying out such studies and interpreting their findings presents a number of significant challenges to the investigators. First, they must find a cohort with suitable exposure, select a biomarker that will accurately determine the level of exposure and determine the endpoints that are most likely to detect subtle differences in neurodevelopment. Following that, the logistics of the study must be organised and collaboration established with the local population and health authorities. To accurately interpret the data, they must also accurately determine covariates that impact child development. After the data are collected, interpreting the findings presents a further challenge. Throughout this process, the study must adhere to fundamental epidemiological principles and clearly defined statistical approaches. This paper discusses those principles and uses the Seychelles Child Development Study to show how one epidemiological study addressed them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip W Davidson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, USA.
| | - Gary J Myers
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, USA
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Bartos NSO, Hamilton S, Barnes E, Caldwell PHY. Toilet training children with special needs using a Potty Monkey toy device. J Paediatr Child Health 2021; 57:365-370. [PMID: 33078489 DOI: 10.1111/jpc.15222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM Toilet training children with special needs can be challenging and can result in long-term consequences if inadequately addressed. This study evaluates the use of a 'Potty Monkey' toy for toilet training children with special needs. METHODS A pilot study using a 'Potty Monkey' to model timed voiding in children with special needs. We collected parental feedback and examined the experience of families using a 'Potty Monkey' to toilet train their child. Using logistic regression we explored patient factors for association with outcomes. RESULTS Of 21 children in our study, 15 were male. Age ranged 4-10 years (median 6.3 years). Days that 'Potty Monkey' was used ranged 0-156 (median 22 days). At 6 months, nine children had improved, five were unchanged and four were worse (three were unknown). We found no evidence of association between patient factors (age, gender, days using 'Potty Monkey', baseline toileting ability, Paediatric Incontinence Questionnaire score) and toileting outcome. The experience of families was ambivalent. 10 families reported 'Potty Monkey' had been helpful however many complained it interfered with family schedules. Reasons for the child not responding positively were due to sensory issues, embarrassment and being developmentally not ready. Our study demonstrated the practical challenges of conducting research among children with special needs. CONCLUSION Although some children's toileting improved after using 'Potty Monkey', we are uncertain 'Potty Monkey' is effective for toilet training children with special needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha S O Bartos
- Centre For Kidney Research, The Sydney Children's Hospitals Network (Westmead), Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sana Hamilton
- Centre For Kidney Research, The Sydney Children's Hospitals Network (Westmead), Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Barnes
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Patrina H Y Caldwell
- Centre For Kidney Research, The Sydney Children's Hospitals Network (Westmead), Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Rosenberg L, Avrech Bar M. The perceived meaning of occupations among children: correlations with children's socio-emotional characteristics and executive functions. Aust Occup Ther J 2020; 67:572-580. [PMID: 32845018 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1630.12690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Participation in meaningful occupations within our everyday environments contributes to health and wellbeing. Therefore, it is important to study perceived meaning and its inter-related factors. The perceived meaning of occupations is the emotional and cognitive qualities people attach to their occupations. However, research on the perceived meaning of occupations among children is limited. The meaning of occupations may be related to personal factors concerning the child. Hence, this study aimed to assess the correlations between socio-emotional characteristics and executive functions of typically developing children and their perceived meaning of occupations-value, challenge, and sense of time and autonomy. METHODS A cross-sectional study comprising 80 children (6-13 years old) and their parents was conducted. The parents completed the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) and the Behaviour Rating Inventory of Executive Function. The children completed the Perceived Meaning of Occupation Questionnaire and the Verbal Working Memory test. RESULTS Children with higher scores on the SDQ-internalised behaviours and lower working memory-perceived their everyday activities as more challenging (r = .300, r = -.244, p < .05, respectively). Children with higher scores on the SDQ-prosocial behaviours-attached higher value to their everyday activities (r = .23, p < .05). However, increases in executive function difficulties were found to decrease the perceived value (r = .24, p < .05) and to alter the perceived sense of time (r = . 27, p < .05). CONCLUSIONS The meaning children attach to their everyday activities changes when they experience socio-emotional and executive difficulties. Therefore, to inspire positive meaning of occupations among children, practitioners should consider the child's socio-emotional and cognitive strengths and difficulties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limor Rosenberg
- Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Health Professions, Sackler Faculty of medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Michal Avrech Bar
- Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Health Professions, Sackler Faculty of medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Rifas-Shiman SL, Cardenas A, Hivert MF, Tiemeier H, Bertoldi AD, Oken E. Associations of prenatal or infant exposure to acetaminophen or ibuprofen with mid-childhood executive function and behaviour. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol 2020; 34:287-298. [PMID: 31637744 PMCID: PMC7170759 DOI: 10.1111/ppe.12596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Over-the-counter analgesics during pregnancy or infancy may be related to neurobehavioural problems in children, but little is known about effects of different analgesic types, dosage, and timing. OBJECTIVES Examine associations of acetaminophen and ibuprofen use during pregnancy and infancy with executive function and behaviour problems in children. METHODS We included 1225 mother-child pairs from Project Viva, a pre-birth cohort study. We assessed prenatal acetaminophen and ibuprofen use in early and mid-pregnancy and infant use in the first year of life using questionnaires. Parents and classroom teachers assessed child behaviours in mid-childhood (median 8 years), using the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF) and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), with higher scores indicating worse functioning for both. We examined associations of acetaminophen and ibuprofen use during pregnancy and infancy with mid-childhood neurobehavioural outcomes using linear regression models adjusted for potential confounders. RESULTS During pregnancy, 46.1% of mothers used acetaminophen ≥10 times and 18.4% used any ibuprofen. In the first year, 65.3% and 39.6% of infants received acetaminophen and ibuprofen ≥6 times, respectively. Higher (≥10 vs <10 times) prenatal acetaminophen (β 1.64 points; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.59, 2.68) and any ibuprofen (β 1.56, 95% CI 0.19, 2.92) were associated with higher parent-rated BRIEF global scores. Patterns of association were linear across categories and were similar for other parent- and teacher-rated outcomes. Infancy exposure (≥6 vs <6 times) to acetaminophen (β 1.69, 95% CI 0.51, 2.87) and ibuprofen (β 1.40, 95% CI 0.25, 2.55) were associated with higher parent-rated BRIEF GEC scores but associations with teacher-rated scores were weaker. CONCLUSIONS Prenatal and early-life exposure to acetaminophen and ibuprofen were associated with poorer executive function and behaviour in childhood. These findings highlight the need for further research on the mechanisms through which analgesics may act on fetal and child brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheryl L. Rifas-Shiman
- Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andres Cardenas
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Marie-France Hivert
- Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Henning Tiemeier
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus University Medical Center-Sophia Children’s Hospital, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Andrea D. Bertoldi
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Emily Oken
- Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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Day C, Briskman J, Crawford MJ, Foote L, Harris L, Boadu J, McCrone P, McMurran M, Michelson D, Moran P, Mosse L, Scott S, Stahl D, Ramchandani P, Weaver T. Randomised feasibility trial of the helping families programme-modified: an intensive parenting intervention for parents affected by severe personality difficulties. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e033637. [PMID: 32034024 PMCID: PMC7045220 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-033637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Specialist parenting intervention could improve coexistent parenting and child mental health difficulties of parents affected by severe personality difficulties. OBJECTIVE Conduct a feasibility trial of Helping Families Programme-Modified (HFP-M), a specialist parenting intervention. DESIGN Pragmatic, mixed-methods trial, 1:1 random allocation, assessing feasibility, intervention acceptability and outcome estimates. SETTINGS Two National Health Service health trusts and local authority children's social care. PARTICIPANTS Parents: (i) primary caregiver, (ii) 18 to 65 years, (iii) severe personality difficulties, (iv) proficient English and (v) capacity for consent. Child: (i) 3 to 11 years, (ii) living with index parent and (iii) significant emotional/behavioural difficulties. INTERVENTION HFP-M: 16-session home-based intervention using parenting and therapeutic engagement strategies. Usual care: standard care augmented by single psychoeducational parenting session. OUTCOMES Primary feasibility outcome: participant retention rate. SECONDARY OUTCOMES (i) rates of recruitment, eligibility and data completion, and (ii) rates of intervention acceptance, completion and alliance (Working Alliance Inventory-Short Revised). Primary clinical outcome: child behaviour (Eyberg Child Behaviour Inventory). SECONDARY OUTCOMES child mental health (Concerns About My Child, Child Behaviour Checklist-Internalising Scale), parenting (Arnold-O'Leary Parenting Scale, Kansas Parental Satisfaction Scale) and parent mental health (Symptom-Checklist-27). Quantitative data were collected blind to allocation. RESULTS Findings broadly supported non-diagnostic selection criterion. Of 48 participants recruited, 32 completed post-intervention measures at mean 42 weeks later. Participant retention exceeded a priori rate (HFP-M=18; Usual care=14; 66.7%, 95% CI 51.6% to 79.6%). HFP-M was acceptable, with delivery longer than planned. Usual care had lower alliance rating. Child and parenting outcome effects detected across trial arms with potential HFP-M advantage (effect size range: 0.0 to 1.3). CONCLUSION HFP-M is an acceptable and potentially effective specialist parenting intervention. A definitive trial is feasible, subject to consideration of recruitment and retention methods, intervention efficiency and comparator condition. Caution is required in interpretation of results due to reduced sample size. No serious adverse events reported. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ISRCTN14573230.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crispin Day
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College, London, UK
- Centre for Parent and Child Support, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Jackie Briskman
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College, London, UK
| | | | | | - Lucy Harris
- Centre for Parent and Child Support, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Janet Boadu
- King's Health Economics, P024 David Goldberg Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Paul McCrone
- King's Health Economics, P024 David Goldberg Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Centre for Mental Health, Institute for Lifecourse Development, University of Greenwich, London, UK
| | - Mary McMurran
- Institute of Mental Health, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | | | - Paul Moran
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Centre for Academic Mental Health, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Liberty Mosse
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College, London, UK
| | - Stephen Scott
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Daniel Stahl
- Department of Biostatistics, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Paul Ramchandani
- Faculty of Education, PEDAL Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Tim Weaver
- Department of Mental Health, Middlesex University, London, UK
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Berzinski M, Morawska A, Mitchell AE, Baker S. Parenting and child behaviour as predictors of toothbrushing difficulties in young children. Int J Paediatr Dent 2020; 30:75-84. [PMID: 31408252 DOI: 10.1111/ipd.12570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral disease is one of the most prevalent chronic health conditions affecting children. Twice-daily toothbrushing is recommended to promote good oral health; however, a large proportion of Australian families are not meeting this recommendation. AIM This study aimed to identify important barriers to regular toothbrushing for young children. DESIGN In this study, 239 parents of 0- to 4-year-old children completed an online survey that investigated child, family, and parent factors associated with child toothbrushing. Hierarchical linear regression was used to identify predictors of toothbrushing frequency in children and perceived difficulty of the task by parents. RESULTS We found that parent factors, specifically oral health knowledge, were the most significant predictors of toothbrushing frequency. Conversely, parent factors did not contribute significantly to the prediction of perceived difficulty of toothbrushing once family and child factors were taken into account. Oral health knowledge and use of routines were identified as the most important predictors of toothbrushing frequency, whereas resistant child behaviour and household organisation were found to be the most important predictors of perceived difficulty of regular toothbrushing. CONCLUSIONS The findings of the study have implications for behavioural interventions to support parents, as well as directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikaela Berzinski
- Parenting and Family Support Centre, School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Alina Morawska
- Parenting and Family Support Centre, School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Amy E Mitchell
- Parenting and Family Support Centre, School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Sabine Baker
- Parenting and Family Support Centre, School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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Morawska A, Mitchell AE, Etel E, Kirby G, McGill J, Coman D, Inwood A. Psychosocial functioning in children with phenylketonuria: Relationships between quality of life and parenting indicators. Child Care Health Dev 2020; 46:56-65. [PMID: 31782540 DOI: 10.1111/cch.12727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to assess the impact of phenylketonuria (PKU) and its treatment on parent and child health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and to identify the parenting-related correlates of parent and child HRQoL, as well as metabolic control. METHODS Eighteen mothers of 2- to 12-year-old children with PKU participated and completed a series of self-report questionnaires including the PKU Impact and Treatment Quality of Life Questionnaire (PKU-QOL). RESULTS Mothers reported that the most significant impact of PKU on HRQoL was in relation to the impact of their child's anxiety during blood tests on their own HRQoL and guilt related to poor adherence to dietary restrictions and supplementation regimens. Higher reported intensity of child emotional and behavioural difficulties and parenting stress were associated with higher scores for PKU symptoms on the PKU-QOL, higher scores for emotional, social, and overall impact of PKU, and higher scores for the impact of dietary restriction. Where mothers reported greater use of overreactivity as a parenting strategy, children tended to have better lifetime phenylalanine levels; however, the overall impact of PKU and the impact of supplement administration on mothers' HRQoL were worse for these families. CONCLUSIONS These findings have implications for a holistic family-centred approach to the care of children with PKU and their families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Morawska
- Parenting and Family Support Centre, School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Amy E Mitchell
- Parenting and Family Support Centre, School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Evren Etel
- Parenting and Family Support Centre, School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Grace Kirby
- Parenting and Family Support Centre, School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - James McGill
- Queensland Lifespan Metabolic Medicine Service, Queensland Children's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - David Coman
- Queensland Lifespan Metabolic Medicine Service, Queensland Children's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Anita Inwood
- Queensland Lifespan Metabolic Medicine Service, Queensland Children's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,School of Nursing and Social Work, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Ramos-Morcillo AJ, Moreno-Martínez FJ, Susarte AMH, Hueso-Montoro C, Ruzafa-Martínez M. Social Determinants of Health, the Family, and Children's Personal Hygiene: A Comparative Study. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2019; 16:E4713. [PMID: 31779283 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16234713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Habits of personal hygiene are mostly acquired during childhood, and are, therefore, influenced by one’s family. Poor hygiene habits are a risk factor for preventable disease and social rejection. Social Determinants of Health (SDH) consist of contextual factors, structural mechanisms, and the individual’s socioeconomic position, which, via intermediary determinants, result in inequities of health and well–being. Dysfunctional family situations may, therefore, be generated by an unequal distribution of factors determining SDH. Little attention has been paid to the influence of the family on personal hygiene and the perception of social rejection in children. We designed a study to examine differences in personal hygiene and in the perception of social rejection between children in reception centers and children living in a family setting. A validated questionnaire on children’s personal hygiene habits was completed by 51 children in reception centers and 454 children in normal families. Hygiene habits were more deficient among the children in reception centers than among the other children in all dimensions studied. Deficient hygiene habits were observed in the offspring of families affected by the main features of social inequality, who were more likely to perceive social rejection for this reason and less likely to consider their family as the greatest influence on their personal hygiene practices.
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Dellefratte K, Stingone JA, Claudio L. Combined association of BTEX and material hardship on ADHD-suggestive behaviours among a nationally representative sample of US children. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol 2019; 33:482-489. [PMID: 31657027 PMCID: PMC7092642 DOI: 10.1111/ppe.12594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous research shows that environmental and social factors contribute to the development of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). OBJECTIVE To determine the relationship between early-life exposure to common ambient air pollutants (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene, also known as BTEX), household material hardship (a measure of socio-economic status), and ADHD-suggestive behaviours in kindergarten-age children. METHODS Pollutant exposure estimated from the 2002 National Air Toxics Assessment at each child's residential ZIP code at enrolment was linked to the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study Birth Cohort (n = 4650). Material hardship was assigned as a composite score of access to food, health care, and housing. Kindergarten teachers rated children's behaviours and activity in the classroom using a five-point Likert scale. Children with summary scores in the bottom decile were classified as displaying ADHD-suggestive behaviours. Logistic regression models were constructed to estimate the association between both BTEX exposure and material hardship on ADHD-suggestive behaviours. RESULTS The odds of displaying ADHD-suggestive behaviours were greater in children with combined high-level exposure to BTEX and in those experiencing material hardship (odds ratio 1.54, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.12, 2.11, and OR 2.12, 95% CI 1.25, 3.59, respectively), adjusting for covariates. These associations were stronger when restricting the study population to urban areas. There was no evidence of interaction between early life BTEX exposure and material hardship, although the effects of BTEX exposure were slightly greater in magnitude among those with higher material hardship scores. CONCLUSIONS Children exposed to air toxics, material hardship, or both early in life are more likely to display signs of ADHD-suggestive behaviours as assessed by their kindergarten teachers. The associations between exposures to air pollution and to socio-economic hardship were observed in all children but were particularly strong in those living in urban areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayla Dellefratte
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jeanette A Stingone
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Luz Claudio
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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Cademartori MG, Cara G, Pinto GDS, da Costa VPP. Validity of the Brazilian version of the Dental Subscale of Children's Fear Survey Schedule. Int J Paediatr Dent 2019; 29:736-747. [PMID: 31144393 DOI: 10.1111/ipd.12543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dental Subscale of Children's Fear Survey Schedule (CFSS-DS) is a tool widely used to assess dental fear in children. AIM To translate and to verify the psychometric properties, including factor analyses of the Brazilian version of the CFSS-DS (B-CFSS-DS) in two settings. DESIGN The CFFS-DS was translated into the Portuguese language. In the first cross-sectional study (dental setting), 128 children (age: 4-12 years) participated. Mothers were interviewed; children's dental fear was assessed through the CFSS-DS and the Venham picture test; and child behaviour was assessed using the Frankl Scale. The second was a longitudinal study, with 103 schoolchildren (age: 4-12 years). Two receiver operating characteristic curves were drawn to establish the cut-off points. RESULTS The B-CFSS-DS version showed good internal consistency in dental and school settings (Cronbach's α = 0.88 and 0.77 respectively) and a good test-retest reliability (Weighted Kappa = 0.767), as well as good criterion and discriminant validities. Factor analyses showed four factors. CONCLUSION The Brazilian version of the CFSS-DS is a valid tool for dental fear assessment in children aged 4-12 years. Further studies with representative samples should be performed to strengthen the findings of this study, especially in the school setting.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gleidi Cara
- School of Dentistry, Specialized Faculty in the Health area of Rio Grande do Sul (Fasurgs), Passo Fundo, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Dos Santos Pinto
- School of Dentistry, Specialized Faculty in the Health area of Rio Grande do Sul (Fasurgs), Passo Fundo, Brazil
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Prado IM, Carcavalli L, Abreu LG, Serra-Negra JM, Paiva SM, Martins CC. Use of distraction techniques for the management of anxiety and fear in paediatric dental practice: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Int J Paediatr Dent 2019; 29:650-668. [PMID: 30908775 DOI: 10.1111/ipd.12499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether distraction techniques (DT) reduce children's/adolescent's anxiety and fear during dental treatment. METHODS Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in which any type of DT were used to manage dental anxiety and dental fear in children/adolescents were included. A systematic search of PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane Library, Lilacs, and Google Scholar was conducted. Two independent reviewers selected studies, extracted data, assessed methodological quality of studies using the Cochrane Collaboration's Risk of Bias tool (CCRBT), and approached certainty of evidence using GRADE (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation). Data were analysed descriptively. RESULTS Twenty studies covering several types of DT (audio, audiovisual, instruments camouflage, biofeedback, dental operating microscope, toys) were included. Qualitative analysis showed with very low certainty of evidence that DT effectively reduced dental anxiety and fear depending on the distraction type, instrument used to measure dental anxiety and dental fear, and dental procedure. CCRBT evaluation identified many methodological issues in included studies. CONCLUSION There is a very low certainty of evidence that DT can be effective in managing children's/adolescents' dental fear and anxiety during dental treatment. The heterogeneity of methodologies and findings in the studies, however, suggests more robust, and well-executed RCTs are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Meyer Prado
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Larissa Carcavalli
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Lucas Guimarães Abreu
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Júnia Maria Serra-Negra
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Saul Martins Paiva
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Carolina Castro Martins
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Baker-Henningham H, Scott Y, Bowers M, Francis T. Evaluation of a Violence-Prevention Programme with Jamaican Primary School Teachers: A Cluster Randomised Trial. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2019; 16:E2797. [PMID: 31390743 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16152797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of a school-based violence prevention programme implemented in Grade 1 classrooms in Jamaican primary schools. Fourteen primary schools were randomly assigned to receive training in classroom behaviour management (n = 7 schools, 27 teachers/classrooms) or to a control group (n = 7 schools, 28 teachers/classrooms). Four children from each class were randomly selected to participate in the evaluation (n = 220 children). Teachers were trained through a combination of workshop and in-class support sessions, and received a mean of 11.5 h of training (range = 3–20) over 8 months. The primary outcomes were observations of (1) teachers’ use of violence against children and (2) class-wide child aggression. Teachers in intervention schools used significantly less violence against children (effect size (ES) = −0.73); benefits to class-wide child aggression were not significant (ES = −0.20). Intervention teachers also provided a more emotionally supportive classroom environment (ES = 1.22). No benefits were found to class-wide prosocial behaviour, teacher wellbeing, or child mental health. The intervention benefited children’s early learning skills, especially oral language and self-regulation skills (ES = 0.25), although no benefits were found to achievement in maths calculation, reading and spelling. A relatively brief teacher-training programme reduced violence against children by teachers and increased the quality of the classroom environment.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The mobile phone is significant in the lives of UK middle-school children aged 7-12 years. Drawing on a study about children and mobile phones, this article compares children's outdoor play behaviours with those from the past. AIM To explore the views of children and parents about children's use of mobile phones and provide children with a voice in the research. METHOD Qualitative focus groups and interviews were used to explore participants' views. A thematic analysis was applied to the data collected. FINDINGS In understanding children's play behaviours involving mobile phones, parents made comparisons with their own childhoods during the 1970s and 1980s. Parents were concerned about their children engaging in outdoor play but they thought the use of mobile phones could help keep children safe. CONCLUSION Nurses could promote mobile-supported outdoor play through health promotion activities, helping children to develop some freedoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Moyse
- Harmony Tree International, Repulse Bay, Hong Kong, China
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Goh G, Edmonds L, Christos J. Development and evaluation of play specialist documentation in a New Zealand hospital. Nurs Child Young People 2019; 31:32-36. [PMID: 31468769 DOI: 10.7748/ncyp.2019.e1144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Play specialists work closely with doctors and nurses to improve outcomes and the hospital experience for young patients. Documentation is an important but challenging aspect of their work. It should be incorporated into their workflow through a user-friendly format to minimise workload and record information that is useful to the multidisciplinary team (MDT) at the same time. AIM To develop a play specialist progress note format and to evaluate its capacity to generate useful information for the MDT. METHOD A questionnaire and inductive coding were used to develop a format incorporating the advantages of a structure focused on capturing useful information and the narrative style of documentation. The format, Well-being, Interests, Strategies, Evaluation (WISE), was aligned with play specialists' workflow and allowed for documentation of play in children's hospital care. Post-implementation evaluation comprised a usefulness survey and qualitative analyses of documentation. RESULTS Perception of the usefulness of the WISE format was positive with nurses giving higher ratings than doctors. Gaps were identified for further investigation and improvement. CONCLUSION Play specialists could either adapt the WISE format or adopt a similar process in developing and evaluating documentation suitable for their own work environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garry Goh
- Dunedin Hospital Paediatric Ward, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Liza Edmonds
- Children's health and neonatal intensive care unit, neonatal paediatrician, Southern District Health Board, Otago and Southland, Dunedin
| | - Jackie Christos
- Professional leader, Dunedin Hospital Paediatric Ward, Dunedin, New Zealand
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Gardner A. Treatment and management of seven children with fractured femurs experiencing night terrors in hospital: a case study. Nurs Child Young People 2019; 31:28-30. [PMID: 31468768 DOI: 10.7748/ncyp.2019.e1147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
This article reports on seven cases of night terror disorder in children with no previous history of parasomnias, or night time disturbance. All children were admitted to a metropolitan children's hospital with a traumatic fracture of the femur and treated with Thomas' traction splint, a phenomenon not previously reported in the literature. The characteristic presentation of a night terror is described and a strategy for immediate nursing management of a night terror is suggested. Various forms of projective play therapy as a safe short-term treatment are described to assist children with night terror disorder.
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McAloon J, Lazarou KD. Preventative Intervention for Social, Emotional and Behavioural Difficulties in Toddlers and Their Families: A Pilot Study. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2019; 16:ijerph16040569. [PMID: 30781463 PMCID: PMC6406496 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16040569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Preventative intervention early in life is key to interrupting trajectories toward subsequent emotional and behavioural problems later in life. This study examined the effectiveness of the Holding Hands program, an innovative program of preventative intervention aimed at improving the behavioural and emotional functioning of 12 to 48-month-old toddlers, and the wellbeing of their parents. This program seeks to synthesise the existing evidence in four ways; it incorporates both traditional Parent Management Training and Direct Coaching methods. It is intensive, significantly reducing session numbers and it explicitly addresses parental emotion regulation. The program also utilises operant learning principals in an effort to contingently reinforce behaviour that parents want to see more of, without employing exclusionary strategies in response to behavior that parents want to see less of. Thirty-one families, with a toddler who met clinical or sub-clinical cut-offs for externalising or internalising problems, were self- or externally-referred to the six- to eight-week program. Results indicated statistically significant improvement in toddler emotional and behavioural functioning, and parent well-being on a range of psychometric measures from pre- to post-treatment. Treatment gains were maintained for parents and children at follow-up. Implications of these findings for clinical practice and suggestions for future research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- John McAloon
- Discipline of Clinical Psychology, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia.
| | - Karina D Lazarou
- Discipline of Clinical Psychology, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia.
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Cademartori MG, Corrêa MB, Silva RA, Goettems ML. Childhood social, emotional, and behavioural problems and their association with behaviour in the dental setting. Int J Paediatr Dent 2019; 29:43-49. [PMID: 30381852 DOI: 10.1111/ipd.12436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2018] [Revised: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mental disorders are among the main causes of global disability in children, with negative impacts on their quality of life. It is possible that mental disorders could be associated with how children react in the dental setting. AIM To test the association between children's psychological attributes and behaviour presented during dental care. DESIGN A questionnaire was given to mothers of children attending a paediatric dental clinic. Psychological attributes were evaluated using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. For analysis, the Internalizing and Externalizing problems and the Prosocial behaviour subscales were considered. Children's behaviour was assessed using the Frankl Scale. For analysis, Poisson regression models were employed. A significant level of P ≤ 0.05 was adopted. RESULTS Overall, 128 children aged between four and 12 years were included. Total difficulties (PR 5.36; 95%CI 2.2-12.9), Internalizing problems (PR 4.04; 95%CI 1.6-10.0), and externalizing problems (PR 3.36; 1.5-7.7) were associated with uncooperative behaviour. In relation to the strength domain, the Prosocial behaviour subscale (PR 1.21; 95%CI 0.6-2.6) was not associated with child behaviour. CONCLUSIONS This study provides evidence that children aged between four and 12 years with internalizing and externalizing problems tend to have a higher prevalence of negative behaviour during dental treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marcos B Corrêa
- Department of Dentistry and Graduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Ricardo A Silva
- Graduate Program in Health and Behavior, Catholic University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Marília L Goettems
- Department of Social and Preventive Dentistry and Graduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
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Letourneau N, Dewey D, Kaplan BJ, Ntanda H, Novick J, Thomas JC, Deane AJ, Leung B, Pon K, Giesbrecht GF; APrON Study Team. Intergenerational transmission of adverse childhood experiences via maternal depression and anxiety and moderation by child sex. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2019; 10:88-99. [PMID: 30175696 DOI: 10.1017/S2040174418000648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) of parents are associated with a variety of negative health outcomes in offspring. Little is known about the mechanisms by which ACEs are transmitted to the next generation. Given that maternal depression and anxiety are related to ACEs and negatively affect children's behaviour, these exposures may be pathways between maternal ACEs and child psychopathology. Child sex may modify these associations. Our objectives were to determine: (1) the association between ACEs and children's behaviour, (2) whether maternal symptoms of prenatal and postnatal depression and anxiety mediate the relationship between maternal ACEs and children's behaviour, and (3) whether these relationships are moderated by child sex. Pearson correlations and latent path analyses were undertaken using data from 907 children and their mothers enrolled the Alberta Pregnancy Outcomes and Nutrition study. Overall, maternal ACEs were associated with symptoms of anxiety and depression during the perinatal period, and externalizing problems in children. Furthermore, we observed indirect associations between maternal ACEs and children's internalizing and externalizing problems via maternal anxiety and depression. Sex differences were observed, with boys demonstrating greater vulnerability to the indirect effects of maternal ACEs via both anxiety and depression. Findings suggest that maternal mental health may be a mechanism by which maternal early life adversity is transmitted to children, especially boys. Further research is needed to determine if targeted interventions with women who have both high ACEs and mental health problems can prevent or ameliorate the effects of ACEs on children's behavioural psychopathology.
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Karbasizadeh S, Jani M, Keshvari M. Parent-child relationships and self‑control in male university students' desire to play video games. Nurs Child Young People 2018:e891. [PMID: 29893518 DOI: 10.7748/ncyp.2018.e891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
AIM To determine the relationship between the parent-child relationship, self-control and demographic characteristics and the desire to play video games among male university students at one university in Iran. METHOD This was a correlational, descriptive, applied study. A total of 103 male students were selected randomly as a study sample from the population of male students at Isfahan University in Iran. Data collection tools used were the Video Games Questionnaire, Tanji's Self-Control Scale, Parent-Child Relationship Questionnaire, and Demographic Questionnaire. Data were analysed using stepwise regression analysis. RESULTS This study found several factors increased male students' desire to play video games. Demographic characteristics associated with increased tendency to play video games among male students in Iran are older age, larger number of family members, lower parental level of education and higher socio-economic class, while other significant factors are a lower level of self‑control and a poorer parent-child relationship. PARTICIPANTS': higher socio-economic class, lower level of self-control and older age explained 8.2%, 5.2% and 5.9% of their desire to play video games, respectively. These three variables together accounted for significantly 16.9% of a male student's desire to play video games in this study ( P <0.05). CONCLUSION These results suggest that the family's socio-economic status plays a significant role in young men's desire to play video games in Iran. Moreover, lower levels of self-control and a poorer parent-child relationship were found to be accompanied by a greater desire to play video games among male university students.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Masih Jani
- Psychology Department, Isfahan University, Iran
| | - Mahtab Keshvari
- Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Sicouri G, Tully L, Collins D, Burn M, Sargeant K, Frick P, Anderson V, Hawes D, Kimonis E, Moul C, Lenroot R, Dadds M. Toward Father-friendly Parenting Interventions: A Qualitative Study. Aust N Z J Fam Ther 2018; 39:218-231. [PMID: 30008513 PMCID: PMC6033039 DOI: 10.1002/anzf.1307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Levels of father participation in parenting interventions are often very low, yet little is known about the factors which influence father engagement. We aimed to qualitatively explore perceived barriers to, and preferences for, parenting interventions in a community sample of fathers. Forty-one fathers across nine focus groups were interviewed using a semi-structured interview. Data were analysed using inductive thematic analysis. Key barriers to father participation identified included: the perception that interventions are mother-focused; beliefs about gender roles regarding parenting and help-seeking; mothers' role as 'gatekeeper'; lack of knowledge and awareness of parenting interventions; and lack of relevance of interventions. Fathers reported preferences for specific content and intervention features, facilitator characteristics, practical factors, and highlighted the need for father-targeted recruitment and advertising. Many of the barriers and preferences identified are consistent with previous research; however, fathers' beliefs and attitudes around gender roles and help-seeking, as well as the perception that interventions are predominantly mother-focused, may be key barriers for community fathers. Strategies to overcome these barriers and better meet the needs of fathers in promoting and delivering parenting interventions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Paul Frick
- Australian Catholic UniversityBrisbane & Louisiana State UniversityBaton Rouge
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Schlieber M, Han J. The sleeping patterns of Head Start children and the influence on developmental outcomes. Child Care Health Dev 2018; 44:462-469. [PMID: 28891117 DOI: 10.1111/cch.12522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Revised: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sleep has a significant influence on children's development. The objective of this study was to investigate Head Start children's sleeping patterns and the impact on cognitive and behavioural outcomes. METHODS Using the 2009 cohort of the Head Start Family and Child Experiences Survey (N = 2,868), information on sleeping patterns was assessed through parent interviews. Cognitive outcomes were assessed using direct assessments (Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test-IV, the Expressive One-Word Picture Vocabulary Test, and Subtests of the Woodcock-Johnson III) in addition to teacher report. Behavioural outcomes were assessed through parent and teacher reports. A multiple regression analysis was performed for each outcome variable. RESULTS Descriptive findings showed that 89% of children had a regular bedtime at least 4 days per week and that the average amount of sleep per night was 10.41 hr. White mothers were more likely than other racial groups to adhere to a consistent bedtime, and maternal employment predicted less hour of sleep per night. Multiple regression analyses revealed that disrupted sleep had a negative influence on cognitive outcomes, especially in areas of mathematical problem solving, receptive language, teacher-reported literacy behaviours, and approaches to learning. Disrupted sleep was associated with the risk of misbehaviour by increasing teacher and parent ratings on aggressive behaviours, hyperactivity, and withdrawing in addition to decreased scores on overall social skills. Having an inconsistent bedtime negatively predicted expressive vocabulary and teacher-reported literacy behaviours. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study support the influential role of sleep on children's development. Sleeping through the night and having a consistent bedtime were found to be predictive of many areas of cognitive and behavioural development. Head Start staff can provide the supports to increase parental knowledge on appropriate child sleep practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Schlieber
- Department of Psychology, Southern Utah University, Cedar City, UT, USA
| | - J Han
- Institute of Educational Policy Research, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea
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Pexton S, Farrants J, Yule W. The impact of fathers' military deployment on child adjustment. The support needs of primary school children and their families separated during active military service: A pilot study. Clin Child Psychol Psychiatry 2018; 23:110-124. [PMID: 28875713 DOI: 10.1177/1359104517724494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although direct exposure to war-related trauma negatively impacts children's psychological well-being, little is known about this impact within the context of parental military deployment to a combat zone and 'indirect' experience of the effects of armed conflict. This study investigates the impact of father's military deployment to Afghanistan on child well-being in primary schoolchildren and compares measures of adjustment with a matched group of children with fathers deployed on military training (non-combat) deployment. METHOD Data were collected within primary schools in 2011-2012 from 52 children aged 8-11 years with fathers deploying to Afghanistan ( n = 26) and fathers deploying on military training ( n = 26) via self-completion of questionnaires assessing symptoms of anxiety, depression, stress and levels of self-esteem. Data were collected in both groups, at pre-, mid- and post-parental deployment. Class teachers and parents (non-deployed) completed a measure of child behaviour and parents completed a measure of parenting stress and general health. RESULTS Unexpectedly child adjustment difficulties were not significantly raised in children whose parents deployed to Afghanistan. Ratings of behavioural difficulties and depression were low in both groups. However, clinically elevated levels of anxiety and stress symptoms were reported by both groups of children at each stage of deployment. No associations between parental stress, parental mental health and child adjustment were found. CONCLUSION High levels of children's anxiety and stress reported during fathers' active military service warrant further investigation. Implications for school and health monitoring and CAMHS community liaison work are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Pexton
- 1 Department of Psychology, City, University of London, UK
| | | | - William Yule
- 2 Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, UK
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Waylen A, Mahmoud O, Wills AK, Sell D, Sandy JR, Ness AR. Centre-level variation in behaviour and the predictors of behaviour in 5-year-old children with non-syndromic unilateral cleft lip: The Cleft Care UK study. Part 5. Orthod Craniofac Res 2017; 20 Suppl 2:40-47. [PMID: 28661083 PMCID: PMC5836977 DOI: 10.1111/ocr.12187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aims of this study were to describe child behavioural and psychosocial outcomes associated with appearance and speech in the Cleft Care UK (CCUK) study. We also wanted to explore centre-level variation in child outcomes and investigate individual predictors of such outcomes. SETTING AND SAMPLE POPULATION Two hundred and sixty-eight five-year-old children with non-syndromic unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) recruited to CCUK. MATERIALS AND METHODS Parents completed the Strengths and Difficulties questionnaire (SDQ) and reported their own perceptions of the child's self-confidence. Child facial appearance and symmetry were assessed using photographs, and intelligibility of speech was derived from audio-visual speech recordings. Centre-level variation in behavioural and psychosocial outcomes was examined using hierarchical models, and associations with clinical outcomes were examined using logit regression models. RESULTS Children with UCLP had a higher hyperactive difficulty score than the general population. For boys, the average score was 4.5 vs 4.1 (P=.03), and for girls, the average score was 3.8 vs 3.1 (P=.008). There was no evidence of centre-level variation for behaviour or parental perceptions of the child's self-confidence. There is no evidence of associations between self-confidence and SDQ scores and either facial appearance or behaviour. CONCLUSIONS Children born with UCLP have higher levels of behaviour problems than the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Waylen
- Bristol Dental SchoolUniversity of BristolBristolUK
| | - O. Mahmoud
- School of Social and Community MedicineUniversity of BristolBristolUK
- Department of Applied StatisticsHelwan UniversityCairoEgypt
| | - A. K. Wills
- Bristol Dental SchoolUniversity of BristolBristolUK
| | - D. Sell
- North Thames Regional Cleft ServiceSpeech and Language Therapy Department and Centre for Outcomes and Experience Research in Children's Health, Illness and Disability (ORCHID)Great Ormond Street Hospital NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK
| | - J. R. Sandy
- Bristol Dental SchoolUniversity of BristolBristolUK
| | - A. R. Ness
- Bristol Dental SchoolUniversity of BristolBristolUK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Unit in NutritionDiet and Lifestyle at the University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust and the University of BristolBristolUK
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Harwood V, Jones S, Bonney A, McMahon S. Heroic struggles, criminals and scientific breakthroughs: ADHD and the medicalization of child behaviour in Australian newsprint media 1999-2009. Int J Qual Stud Health Well-being 2017; 12:1298262. [PMID: 28532327 PMCID: PMC5510216 DOI: 10.1080/17482631.2017.1298262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a dearth of scholarly analysis and critique of the Australian newsprint media’s role in the medicalization of child behaviour. To begin to redress this lack this paper analyses newsprint media’s use of metaphors that re/describe and construct realities of ADHD with a medicalizing effect. The interdisciplinary team used the FactivaTM database to locate and review 453 articles published in Australian national and metropolitan newspapers during the decade 1999–2009. Data analysis involved generating statistical descriptions of the dataset according to attributes such as: date, state, newspaper titles and author names. This was followed by inductive analysis of article content. Content analysis revealed pervasive and striking use of metaphor in newsprint media reporting of ADHD content, especially when describing health professionals, educators, parents and children. This collection of metaphors was striking, and while the metaphors deployed were varied, this diversity seemed underscored by a common functionality that increased the risk that child behaviour was explained using medicalized knowledge. We contend that these metaphors collectively and coherently functioned to simplify and delimit meanings of children’s health and behaviour to favour depictions that medicalize problems of children and childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Harwood
- a School of Education , University of Wollongong , Wollongong , Australia
| | - Sandra Jones
- b Centre for Health and Social Research , Australian Catholic University , Melbourne , Australia
| | - Andrew Bonney
- c School of Medicine , University of Wollongong , Wollongong , Australia
| | - Samantha McMahon
- a School of Education , University of Wollongong , Wollongong , Australia
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Owen DA, Griffith N, Hutchings J. Evaluation of the COPING parent online universal programme: study protocol for a pilot randomised controlled trial. BMJ Open 2017; 7:e013381. [PMID: 28446523 PMCID: PMC5623353 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-013381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Revised: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
TRIAL SPONSOR Bangor University, Brigantia Building, College Road, Bangor, LL57 2AS, UK INTRODUCTION: The COPING parent online universal programme is a web-based parenting intervention for parents of children aged 3-8 years with an interest in positive parenting. The programme focuses on strengthening parent-child relationships and encouraging positive child behaviour. This trial will evaluate whether the intervention is effective in increasing the use of positive parenting strategies outlined in the programme using parent report and blind observation measures. METHODS AND ANALYSIS This is a pilot randomised controlled trial with intervention and wait-list control conditions. The intervention is a 10-week online parenting programme to promote positive parent-child relations by teaching core social learning theory principles that encourage positive child behaviour, primarily through the use of praise and rewards. Health visitors and school nurses will circulate a recruitment poster to parents of children aged 3-8 years on their current caseloads. Recruitment posters will also be distributed via local primary schools and nurseries. Parents recruited to the trial will be randomised on a 2:1 ratio to intervention or wait-list control conditions (stratified according to child gender and age). The primary outcome measure is positive parenting as measured by a behavioural observation of parent-child interactions using the Dyadic Parent-Child Interaction Coding System. Secondary outcomes include parent report of child behaviour, and self-reported parental sense of competence, parenting behaviour and parental mental health. Data will be collected at baseline and 3 months later (postintervention) for all participants and 6 months postbaseline for the intervention group only. Analysis of covariance will be the main statistical method used. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The trial has received ethical approval from the NHS Betsi Cadwaladr University Health Board Ethics Committee (REC) and the School of Psychology, Bangor University REC (15/WA/0463). Publication of all outcomes will be in peer-reviewed journals and conference presentations. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN89370147 (5 May 2016).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawn Adele Owen
- Department of Psychology, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd, UK
| | - Nia Griffith
- Department of Psychology, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd, UK
| | - Judy Hutchings
- School of Psychology, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd, UK
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Morita T, Perin J, Oldja L, Biswas S, Sack RB, Ahmed S, Haque R, Bhuiyan NA, Parvin T, Bhuyian SI, Akter M, Talukder KA, Shahnaij M, Faruque AG, George CM. Mouthing of Soil Contaminated Objects is Associated with Environmental Enteropathy in Young Children. Trop Med Int Health 2017; 22:670-678. [PMID: 28319300 DOI: 10.1111/tmi.12869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To characterise childhood mouthing behaviours and to investigate the association between object-to-mouth and food-to-mouth contacts, diarrhoea prevalence and environmental enteropathy. METHODS A prospective cohort study was conducted of 216 children ≤30 months of age in rural Bangladesh. Mouthing contacts with soil and food and objects with visible soil were assessed by 5-h structured observation. Stool was analysed for four faecal markers of intestinal inflammation: alpha-1-antitrypsin, myeloperoxidase, neopterin and calprotectin. RESULTS Overall 82% of children were observed mouthing soil, objects with visible soil, or food with visible soil during the structured observation period. Sixty two percent of children were observed mouthing objects with visible soil, 63% were observed mouthing food with visible soil, and 18% were observed mouthing soil only. Children observed mouthing objects with visible soil had significantly elevated faecal calprotectin concentrations (206.81 μg/g, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 6.27, 407.36). There was also a marginally significant association between Escherichia coli counts in soil from a child's play space and the prevalence rate of diarrhoea (diarrhoea prevalence ratio: 2.03, 95% CI 0.97, 4.25). CONCLUSION These findings provide further evidence to support the hypothesis that childhood mouthing behaviour in environments with faecal contamination can lead to environmental enteropathy in susceptible paediatric populations. Furthermore, these findings suggest that young children mouthing objects with soil, which occurred more frequently than soil directly (60% vs. 18%), was an important exposure route to faecal pathogens and a risk factor for environmental enteropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiko Morita
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jamie Perin
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lauren Oldja
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Shwapon Biswas
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh.,Department of Internal Medicine, Rangpur Medical College Hospital, Rangpur, Bangladesh
| | - R Bradley Sack
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Shahnawaz Ahmed
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Rashidul Haque
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Nurul Amin Bhuiyan
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Tahmina Parvin
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Mahmuda Akter
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Kaisar A Talukder
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Shahnaij
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Abu G Faruque
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Christine Marie George
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Powell RM, Parish SL. Behavioural and cognitive outcomes in young children of mothers with intellectual impairments. J Intellect Disabil Res 2017; 61:50-61. [PMID: 27306542 DOI: 10.1111/jir.12308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Revised: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite an increase in international studies examining the experiences of parents with intellectual impairments and their children, few have utilised population-based data. This study investigated the behavioural and cognitive outcomes of 3-year-old US children of mothers with intellectual impairments compared with children of mothers without intellectual impairments. METHODS This study employed a secondary analysis of the Fragile Families Child and Wellbeing Study, a longitudinal birth cohort study in the US. Our analytic sample included mothers with intellectual impairments (n = 263) and a comparison group of mothers without intellectual impairments (n = 1298), as well as each sampled mother's focal child. When weighted, Fragile Families is representative of all births in US cities with populations over 200 000. RESULTS Children of mothers with intellectual impairments had poorer behavioural and cognitive outcomes in comparison to same-age children of mothers without intellectual impairments. Notably, however, children of mothers with intellectual impairments were not at increased risk of being aggressive unless their family income was below 200% of the federal poverty level. Further, families headed by mothers with intellectual impairments experienced multiple hardships related to socioeconomic factors, limited social supports and poor self-reported health. CONCLUSION Appropriate policies and programmes must be developed and implemented to effectively support these families, such as increased financial benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Powell
- Brandeis University, Lurie Institute for Disability Policy, Waltham, MA, United States
| | - S L Parish
- Brandeis University, Lurie Institute for Disability Policy, Waltham, MA, United States
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Mitchell AE, Morawska A, Fraser JA, Sillar K. Child behaviour problems and childhood illness: development of the Eczema Behaviour Checklist. Child Care Health Dev 2017; 43:67-74. [PMID: 27696503 DOI: 10.1111/cch.12412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2015] [Revised: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Children with atopic dermatitis are at increased risk of both general behaviour problems, and those specific to the condition and its treatment. This can hamper the ability of parents to carry out treatment and manage the condition effectively. To date, there is no published instrument available to assess child behaviour difficulties in the context of atopic dermatitis management. Our aim was to develop a reliable and valid instrument to assess atopic dermatitis-specific child behaviour problems, and parents' self-efficacy (confidence) for managing these behaviours. METHODS The Eczema Behaviour Checklist (EBC) was developed as a 25-item questionnaire to measure (i) extent of behaviour problems (EBC Extent scale), and (ii) parents' self-efficacy for managing behaviour problems (EBC Confidence scale), in the context of child atopic dermatitis management. A community-based sample of 292 parents completed the EBC, measures of general behaviour difficulties, self-efficacy with atopic dermatitis management and use of dysfunctional parenting strategies. RESULTS There was satisfactory internal consistency and construct validity for EBC Extent and Confidence scales. There was a negative correlation between atopic dermatitis-specific behaviour problems and parents' self-efficacy for dealing with behaviours (r = -.53, p < .001). Factor analyses revealed a three-factor structure for both scales: (i) treatment-related behaviours; (ii) symptom-related behaviours; and (iii) behaviours related to impact of the illness. Variation in parents' self-efficacy for managing their child's atopic dermatitis was explained by intensity of illness-specific child behaviour problems and parents' self-efficacy for dealing with the behaviours. CONCLUSIONS The new measure of atopic dermatitis-specific child behaviour problems was a stronger predictor of parents' self-efficacy for managing their child's condition than was the measure of general child behaviour difficulties. Results provide preliminary evidence of reliability and validity of the EBC, which has potential for use in clinical and research settings, and warrant further psychometric evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A E Mitchell
- Parenting and Family Support Centre, School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - A Morawska
- Parenting and Family Support Centre, School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - J A Fraser
- Sydney Nursing School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - K Sillar
- Australian Institute for Suicide Research and Prevention, Griffith University, Mt Gravatt, QLD, Australia
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Burakevych N, McKinlay CJD, Alsweiler JM, Wouldes TA, Harding JE. Pre-school screening for developmental and emotional health: Comparison with neurodevelopmental assessment. J Paediatr Child Health 2016; 52:600-7. [PMID: 27333846 PMCID: PMC4920135 DOI: 10.1111/jpc.13169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
AIM The study aim was to compare detection of and referral for developmental and emotional problems in a school readiness screening programme (New Zealand Before School Check, B4SC) with that of a comprehensive neurodevelopmental assessment. METHODS This is a prospective cohort study of children (n = 274) born at risk of neonatal hypoglycaemia and recruited to a follow-up study of neurodevelopmental outcomes at 4.5 years (Children with Hypoglycaemia and their Later Development (CHYLD) Study). Children identified as of significant concern for developmental and emotional problems, and referrals made, were compared in the B4SC and CHYLD Study. Scores of the parent-completed Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire used in both assessments were compared. RESULTS Of the 274 children who underwent clinical neurodevelopmental assessment at a mean (standard deviation) age of 53.3 (1.8) months, 237 had the B4SC developmental and emotional health screening. Of these, 44 (19%) children met B4SC referral criteria, and 15 (6%) were referred, but only 21 (9%) children met CHYLD referral criteria, and 10 (4%) were referred. Twelve children (5%) met both the B4SC and CHYLD referral criteria, and two were referred by both. When assessed twice, 39 (17%) children changed parent-completed Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire category. Children who did not have B4SC screening had higher mean total difficulties score (10.5 vs. 8.2, P = 0.009) and were more likely to have cognitive delay than those who were screened (19% vs. 8%, P = 0.04). CONCLUSION More children met referral criteria for the B4SC screening programme than for a more comprehensive neurodevelopmental assessment. Children who did not have screening had a higher incidence of cognitive and behaviour problems than those who did.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christopher Joel Dorman McKinlay
- Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Departments of Paediatrics: Child and Youth Health, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jane Marie Alsweiler
- Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Departments of Paediatrics: Child and Youth Health, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Trecia Ann Wouldes
- Psychological Medicine, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Thomson J, Seers K, Frampton C, Hider P, Moor S. Sequential population study of the impact of earthquakes on the emotional and behavioural well-being of 4-year-olds in Canterbury, New Zealand. J Paediatr Child Health 2016; 52:18-24. [PMID: 26303055 DOI: 10.1111/jpc.12988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM Exposure to a large natural disaster can lead to behavioural disturbances, developmental delay and anxiety among young children. Although most children are resilient, some will develop mental health problems. Major earthquakes occurred in Canterbury, New Zealand, in September 2010 and February 2011. A community screening tool assessing behavioural and emotional problems in children, the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, has been reported by parents (SDQ-P) and teachers (SDQ-T) of all 4-year-olds in the region since 2008. METHODS Mean total and subtest scores for the SDQ-P and SDQ-T were compared across periods before, during and after the earthquakes in sequential population cohorts of children. Comparisons across the periods were made in relation to the proportions of children defined by New Zealand norms as 'abnormal'. Results were also compared between zones considered to have been exposed to higher or lower impact from the earthquakes. RESULTS Parent mean total SDQ scores did not change between periods before, during and after the earthquakes. Teacher mean SDQ total scores significantly reduced (improved) when compared between baseline and post-earthquake periods. Mean SDQ pro-social scores from both teachers and parents increased (strengthened) when compared between baseline and post-earthquake periods. Results did not significantly vary according to a measure of impact from the earthquakes. CONCLUSION The main finding that a population-based measure of behavioural and emotional problems among children was not deleteriously impacted by the earthquakes is surprising and is not consistent with other research findings. Further work is needed to explore the health needs of children in Canterbury based on methodological improvements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine Thomson
- Department of Paediatrics, Canterbury District Health Board, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Kara Seers
- Department of Population Health, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Chris Frampton
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Phil Hider
- Department of Population Health, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Stephanie Moor
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
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Flouri E, Narayanan MK, Midouhas E. The cross-lagged relationship between father absence and child problem behaviour in the early years. Child Care Health Dev 2015; 41:1090-7. [PMID: 25708874 PMCID: PMC5098165 DOI: 10.1111/cch.12236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Father absence has negative consequences for children's behaviour. Yet research has not examined how father absence and child behaviour may influence each other. This study models the cross-lagged relationship between father absence (non-residence) and child problem behaviour in the early years. METHODS We used data from the UK's Millennium Cohort Study, at children's ages 3, 5 and 7 years (Sweeps 2-4). The sample was 15,293 families in which both biological parents were co-resident at Sweep 1, when the child was aged 9 months. Child problem behaviour was assessed using the clinical cut-offs of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). We also investigated gender differences in the association between father absence and problem behaviour. RESULTS Father absence at age 3 predicted a higher probability of the child scoring above cut-off for total difficulties at age 5, as did father absence at age 5 for total difficulties at age 7. There were no significant effects for total difficulties on father absence. Similar father absence effects were found for individual SDQ subscales. Using these subscales, we found few child behaviour effects, mostly during the preschool years: children's severe externalizing and social (but not emotional) problems were associated with a greater probability of the father being absent in the next sweep. All cross-lagged relationships were similar for boys and girls. CONCLUSIONS Father absence seems to be mainly the cause rather than the outcome of child problem behaviour in young UK families, and to affect boys and girls similarly. There were some child (mostly externalizing) behaviour effects on father absence, particularly in the early years.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Flouri
- UCL Institute of EducationUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - M. K. Narayanan
- UCL Institute of EducationUniversity College LondonLondonUK,The Norwegian Center for Child Behavioral DevelopmentUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
| | - E. Midouhas
- UCL Institute of EducationUniversity College LondonLondonUK
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Brandlistuen RE, Ystrom E, Eberhard-Gran M, Nulman I, Koren G, Nordeng H. Behavioural effects of fetal antidepressant exposure in a Norwegian cohort of discordant siblings. Int J Epidemiol 2015; 44:1397-407. [PMID: 25873178 PMCID: PMC4588862 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyv030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Potential adverse effects of prenatal antidepressant exposure on child development are still debated. The possibility that associations are due to genetic or familial environmental risk factors rather than antidepressant use per se cannot easily be ruled out in conventional studies. Our objective was therefore to evaluate the association between prenatal antidepressant exposure and behavioural problems in a sibling controlled study. METHOD This study used data on 20 180 siblings identified from the population-based Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study recruited between 1999 and 2008. The mothers were asked to report antidepressant use at gestational weeks 17 and 30 and 6 months post-partum. Child Behavioral Checklist syndrome scales were used to assess externalizing and internalizing behavioural problems by questionnaires sent to mothers at 18 and 36 months postpartum. We performed unmatched and matched sibling analyses using both random- and fixed-effects linear models, respectively, to determine potential behavioural effects of antidepressant exposure. RESULTS Prenatal exposure to antidepressants was associated with increased levels of anxiety symptoms in 3 year old children after adjusting for maternal familial effects and confounding by indication (i.e. maternal depression). Effect of prenatal exposure to antidepressants was specific to anxiety, and not associated with emotional reactivity, somatic complaints, sleep problems, attention problems or aggression. CONCLUSION Using a sibling design, we showed that prenatal antidepressant use was specifically associated with increased anxiety symptoms after adjusting for maternal familial factors and confounding by indication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ragnhild Eek Brandlistuen
- Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety Research Group, School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway, Division of Mental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway,
| | - Eivind Ystrom
- Division of Mental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway and
| | - Malin Eberhard-Gran
- Division of Mental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Irena Nulman
- Motherisk Program, Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Pediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Gideon Koren
- Motherisk Program, Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Pediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Hedvig Nordeng
- Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety Research Group, School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway, Division of Mental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
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Meppelder M, Hodes M, Kef S, Schuengel C. Parenting stress and child behaviour problems among parents with intellectual disabilities: the buffering role of resources. J Intellect Disabil Res 2015; 59:664-677. [PMID: 25472805 DOI: 10.1111/jir.12170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/12/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parents with intellectual disabilities (ID) are at risk for high levels of parenting stress. The present study evaluated resources, including parental adaptive functioning, financial resources and access to a support network, as moderators of the association between child behaviour problems and parenting stress. METHOD A total of 134 parents with ID and their children (ages 1-7 years) were recruited from 10 Dutch care organisations. Questionnaires were administered to the parents to obtain information on parenting stress in the parent and child domain, financial resources and their support network. Teachers and care workers reported on child behaviour problems and parental adaptive functioning, respectively. RESULTS Parents experienced more stress with regard to their children than towards their own functioning and situation. Parenting stress was less in parents who were not experiencing financial hardship. Child behaviour problems were associated with high child-related parenting stress, not parent-related parenting stress. Large support networks decreased the association between child behaviour problems and child-related parenting stress. Financial resources did not significantly moderate the association. CONCLUSIONS Parenting stress among parents with ID is focused on problems with the child, especially when little social support is available.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Meppelder
- FPP, Clinical Child and Family Studies, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M Hodes
- FPP, Clinical Child and Family Studies, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- ASVZ, Sliedrecht, The Netherlands
| | - S Kef
- FPP, Clinical Child and Family Studies, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - C Schuengel
- FPP, Clinical Child and Family Studies, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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