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Olvera N, Roy TJ, Scherer R, Matthews-Ewald MR, Fan W, Arbona C. Emotional Eating in Hispanic Girls and Boys: The Role of Anxiety and Sleep Quality. Nutrients 2025; 17:1588. [PMID: 40362896 PMCID: PMC12073568 DOI: 10.3390/nu17091588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2025] [Revised: 05/02/2025] [Accepted: 05/03/2025] [Indexed: 05/15/2025] Open
Abstract
Background/Objective: Emotional eating is a significant health problem associated with increased obesity and mental health among children and adolescents. Investigating emotional eating and its associated factors is critical, as it coincides with key developmental periods during which eating patterns are formed. This study assessed the contribution of anxiety and sleep quality to emotional eating among 232 Hispanic girls (n = 124, with a mean age of 10.23 years, SD = 1.40) and boys (n = 108, with a mean age of 10.36 years, SD = 1.57). Methods: This study used a correctional research design. Participants completed a series of surveys including demographics, acculturation, McKnight Risk Factor Survey-IV emotional eating subscale, Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children, and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Participants also had their objective body height and weight measured. Results: Descriptive analyses showed that most girls (84%) and boys (87%) were born in the United States and were either overweight (n = 24, 19% girls; n = 18, 17% boys) or with obesity (n = 61, 49% girls; n = 61, 56% boys). The hierarchical regression analyses revealed that, for girls, poor sleep quality was the sole significant factor associated with EE (β = 350, p < 0.001), controlling for age and BMI. For boys, poor sleep quality (β = 0.302, p < 0.01) and anxiety (β = 0.247, p < 0.05) were significant. Conclusions: The study's findings suggest that emotional eating interventions may need to focus on reducing anxiety levels and improving sleep quality in Hispanic children and early adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norma Olvera
- Department of Psychological, Health, & Learning Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA; (T.J.R.); (R.S.); (W.F.); (C.A.)
| | - Tamal J. Roy
- Department of Psychological, Health, & Learning Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA; (T.J.R.); (R.S.); (W.F.); (C.A.)
| | - Rhonda Scherer
- Department of Psychological, Health, & Learning Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA; (T.J.R.); (R.S.); (W.F.); (C.A.)
| | | | - Weihua Fan
- Department of Psychological, Health, & Learning Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA; (T.J.R.); (R.S.); (W.F.); (C.A.)
| | - Consuelo Arbona
- Department of Psychological, Health, & Learning Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA; (T.J.R.); (R.S.); (W.F.); (C.A.)
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Power D, Jones A, Keyworth C, Dhir P, Griffiths A, Shepherd K, Smith J, Traviss‐Turner G, Matu J, Ells L. Emotional Eating Interventions for Adults Living With Overweight and Obesity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Behaviour Change Techniques. J Hum Nutr Diet 2025; 38:e13410. [PMID: 39763344 PMCID: PMC11704659 DOI: 10.1111/jhn.13410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2024] [Revised: 10/16/2024] [Accepted: 11/23/2024] [Indexed: 01/11/2025]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emotional eating (EE) is a barrier to the long-term success of weight loss interventions. Psychological interventions targeting EE have been shown to reduce EE scores and weight (kg), though the mechanisms remain unclear. This review and meta-analysis aimed to identify the specific behaviour change techniques (BCTs) associated with improved outcomes. METHODS This is a review update and extension, with new studies extracted from searches of CINAHL, PsycINFO, MEDLINE and EMBASE 1 January 2022 to 31 April 2023. EE interventions for adults with BMI > 25 kg/m2 were considered for inclusion. Paper screening, extraction, BCT-coding and risk of bias were completed using the Template for Intervention Description and Replication (TIDieR) checklist, Behaviour Change Taxonomy v1 (BCTTv1) and Risk of Bias2 (RoB2)/Risk of Bias In Non-randomised Studies (ROBINS-I) tool. Narrative syntheses and random effects multi-level meta-analyses were conducted. RESULTS In total, 6729 participants were included across 47 studies (13 identified in the update). Forty-two studies contributed to the pooled estimate for the impact of interventions on EE (SMD = -0.99 [95% CI: -0.73 to -1.25], p < 0.001). Thirty-two studies contributed to the pooled estimate for the impact of interventions on weight (-4.09 kg [95% CI: -2.76 to -5.43 kg], p < 0.001). Five BCTs related to identity, values and self-regulation were associated with notable improvements to both weight and EE ('incompatible beliefs', 'goal setting outcome'. 'review outcome goals', 'feedback on behaviour' and 'pros/cons'). CONCLUSION Implementation and evaluation of the highlighted BCTs are required. Weight management services should consider screening patients for EE to tailor interventions to individual needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Power
- School of Health, Obesity InstituteLeeds Beckett UniversityLeedsUK
| | - A. Jones
- School of PsychologyLiverpool John Moores UniversityLiverpoolUK
| | - C. Keyworth
- School of PsychologyUniversity of LeedsLeedsUK
| | - P. Dhir
- School of Health, Obesity InstituteLeeds Beckett UniversityLeedsUK
| | - A. Griffiths
- School of Health, Obesity InstituteLeeds Beckett UniversityLeedsUK
| | - K. Shepherd
- School of Health, Obesity InstituteLeeds Beckett UniversityLeedsUK
| | - J. Smith
- School of Health and Life SciencesTeesside UniversityMiddlesbroughTees ValleyUK
| | | | - J. Matu
- School of Health, Obesity InstituteLeeds Beckett UniversityLeedsUK
| | - L. Ells
- School of Health, Obesity InstituteLeeds Beckett UniversityLeedsUK
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Bozkurt O, Yildiran H. The Effect of Multi-Strategy Nutrition Education Programs on Hedonic Hunger and Nutrition Status in Adolescents. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 11:1188. [PMID: 39457153 PMCID: PMC11506622 DOI: 10.3390/children11101188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2024] [Revised: 09/17/2024] [Accepted: 09/19/2024] [Indexed: 10/28/2024]
Abstract
Objective: Increasing the awareness of adolescents about hedonic hunger, understanding the difference between homeostatic hunger and hedonic hunger, and adolescents learning to control themselves to stop excessive food consumption are extremely important for a healthy adulthood. The study aimed to evaluate the effects of the multi-strategy nutrition education programs (MSNEP) on hedonic hunger, food addiction, nutrition literacy, and nutritional status in adolescents. Methods: This study was planned using a pre-test and post-test design. The MSNEP was conducted with 132 adolescents (11-15 years; 69 boys, 63 girls) for 4 weeks (45 min-1 h/session). Data were obtained using questionnaires with face-to-face interviews at pre-education (baseline) and post-education (week 4 and week 8). The survey form included sociodemographic information, nine item short version of Children's Power of Food Scale (C-PFS-9), the Yale Food Addiction Scale for Children 2.0 (YFAS-C 2.0), the Adolescent Nutrition Literacy Scale (ANLS), anthropometric measurements, and 24-hour dietary recall. Results: A decrease in C-PFS-9 total scores was found compared to the baseline (p < 0.001). While the YFAS-C 2.0 score decreased in boys compared to the baseline (p < 0.05), no significant difference was found in girls (p > 0.05). A difference was found in the ANLS scores for girls (p = 0.01), but no difference was found in the scores for boys during the study (p > 0.05). At week 4, the consumption of dairy products, legumes, vegetables and fruits, bread and grains, nuts, and hard-shelled seeds increased compared to the baseline (p < 0.05). Also, daily protein and fiber intake increased (p < 0.05). Accordingly, a higher YFAS-C 2.0 score predicted greater hedonic hunger. A lower ANLS score was a predictor for higher food taste and food available scores. Conclusions: In conclusion, the MSNEP was found to have positive effects on hedonic hunger, food addiction, nutritional literacy, and healthy eating behaviors. The study revealed differences between girls and boys. In order to maintain healthy body weights in adolescents, it is recommended that the MSNEP be provided in schools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osman Bozkurt
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum 25050, Turkey
| | - Hilal Yildiran
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Gazi University, Emek Bişkek Cad. 6, Sokak, Ankara 06490, Turkey;
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Alhuwaydi AM, Alqahtani AM, Alsadun RS, Alruwaili OS, Thirunavukkarasu A, Abdel-Salam DM, Alanazi YSA, Al-Huwaidi IAM, Alhuwaydi RMA. Assessment of Binge Eating Behavior, Body Shape Concerns, and Associated Factors among Female Adolescents of Northern Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study. Nutrients 2024; 16:3082. [PMID: 39339682 PMCID: PMC11435104 DOI: 10.3390/nu16183082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2024] [Revised: 09/09/2024] [Accepted: 09/11/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Globally, binge eating behavior has emerged as a significant public health concern, especially among female adolescents. Body shape concerns in female adolescents can lead to body dissatisfaction and other mental health issues. Using a cross-sectional study design, we evaluated the frequency of binge eating behavior, body shape concerns, and associated factors among 400 female adolescents. We utilized a pretested Arabic binge eating scale (BES) and a body shape questionnaire-shorter version (BSQ-8C) to collect the required data. We performed Spearman's correlation analysis to find the strength and direction of the correlation between the BES and BSQ-8C scores. Finally, we applied binomial logistic regression analysis to identify the predictors of body shape concerns. Of the studied participants, 5.5% and 6.2% had medium and severe binge eating behavior. We found a significant positive correlation between the BES and BSQ-8C scores (rho = 0.434, p < 0.001). Also, we found that body shape concerns were significantly higher among the monthly family income category of 5000 to 7000 SAR (p = 0.005), the severe binge eating categories (p = 0.009), and obese adolescents (p = 0.001). The present study results can be applied to the development of focused interventions and strategies to address these concerns in this group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M Alhuwaydi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayidh Muflih Alqahtani
- Department of Conservative Dental Treatment, Dental Specialty Center, Houta Bani Tamim 16511, Saudi Arabia
| | - Razan Saud Alsadun
- Department of General Dental Care, Specialized Dental Center, Turaif 75211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ohud Saud Alruwaili
- Department of Public Health and Community Health, Aljouf Health Cluster, Ministry of Health, Sakaka 42421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ashokkumar Thirunavukkarasu
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Saudi Arabia
| | - Doaa Mazen Abdel-Salam
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt
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Li Y, Fan Y, Lin J, Shi S. Does how individuals handle social situations exacerbate the relationship between physique anxiety and food addiction? The role of emotional expressive suppression and social avoidance and distress. PeerJ 2024; 12:e17910. [PMID: 39161967 PMCID: PMC11332389 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Research on food addiction has increased significantly in recent years. It has been demonstrated that food addiction can lead to impairments in physiological, psychological, and social functioning in individuals. However, there is a lack of studies investigating the influence of how individuals handle social situations on food addiction and the specific mechanisms involved. Method A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 1,151 university students, with a mean age of 21.44 (SD = 4.77) years. The sample comprised 74.46% female and 25.54% male students. Participants completed the Chinese version of the modified Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0, the Social Physique Anxiety Scale, the Expressive Suppression Scale, and the Social Avoidance and Distress Scale. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS 26.0 and the Process (Version 3.4) plug-in. Result The results of the study supported our hypothesis that the association between social physique anxiety and food addiction symptoms could be partially explained by expressive suppression and social avoidance and distress. This association remained significant even after adjusting for covariates such as gender, number of cigarettes smoked per day, bedtime, education, and BMI. Specifically, more severe social physique anxiety was found to be associated with frequent use of expressive suppression and social avoidance and distress, which in turn was associated with more severe food addiction symptoms. Conclusion This study explored the role of expression suppression and social avoidance and distress in the relationship between social physique anxiety and food addiction symptoms. The findings provide a theoretical basis for developing interventions for food addiction in college students. These interventions could include helping students develop a healthy perception of body image, encouraging emotional expression, and promoting active social participation to reduce food addiction symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Qingdao Mental Health Center, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Yuxia Fan
- Qingdao Mental Health Center, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Jing Lin
- Qingdao Mental Health Center, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Shaobo Shi
- Qingdao Mental Health Center, Qingdao, Shandong, China
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6
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Reivan Ortiz GG, Campoverde X, Vinañzaca J, Estrada J, Yanza R, Granero R. Factors increasing the risk for food addiction in Ecuadorian students. Front Psychiatry 2024; 14:1214266. [PMID: 38234363 PMCID: PMC10792013 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1214266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Food addiction (FA) is a construct that has gained interest in recent years, but its relevance in the Ecuadorian population has not yet been explored. The aims of this study were to explore the differences in the psychological profile (including FA) between university students from Ecuador and to identify the underlying structure of the relationships of the FA severity level through a mediational model. Methods The sample consisted of 972 university students, women and men (mean age: 20.1 years old, SD = 2.6), recruited from four Ecuadorian regions. The assessment tools included a unidimensional scale of FA, eating-related measures, emotion regulation state, impulsivity, and psychopathology state. Path analysis modeled the direct and indirect effects explaining the FA severity level. Results The results indicated that higher psychopathological levels were associated with FA. Similarly, no differences in FA were observed between the Ecuadorian regions. The path analysis suggested that older age, female sex, and higher difficulties in emotional regulation, impulsivity, negative mood, and anxiety trigger disordered eating; subsequently, more impaired eating behavior impacted the FA level. Conclusion FA is a complex clinical entity that includes multiple components related to eating disorders (EDs) and other mental health problems. The results of this study provide empirical knowledge for designing evidence-based prevention and treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geovanny Genaro Reivan Ortiz
- Laboratory of Basic Psychology, Behavioral Analysis, and Programmatic Development (PAD-LAB), Catholic University of Cuenca, Cuenca, Ecuador
| | | | - Juan Vinañzaca
- Laboratory of Basic Psychology, Behavioral Analysis, and Programmatic Development (PAD-LAB), Catholic University of Cuenca, Cuenca, Ecuador
| | - Johanna Estrada
- Laboratory of Basic Psychology, Behavioral Analysis, and Programmatic Development (PAD-LAB), Catholic University of Cuenca, Cuenca, Ecuador
| | - Rafael Yanza
- Catholic University of Cuenca, Cuenca, Azuay, Ecuador
| | - Roser Granero
- Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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7
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Do S, Didelez V, Börnhorst C, Coumans JMJ, Reisch LA, Danner UN, Russo P, Veidebaum T, Tornaritis M, Molnár D, Hunsberger M, De Henauw S, Moreno LA, Ahrens W, Hebestreit A. The role of psychosocial well-being and emotion-driven impulsiveness in food choices of European adolescents. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2024; 21:1. [PMID: 38169385 PMCID: PMC10759484 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-023-01551-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is unclear whether a hypothetical intervention targeting either psychosocial well-being or emotion-driven impulsiveness is more effective in reducing unhealthy food choices. Therefore, we aimed to compare the (separate) causal effects of psychosocial well-being and emotion-driven impulsiveness on European adolescents' sweet and fat propensity. METHODS We included 2,065 participants of the IDEFICS/I.Family cohort (mean age: 13.4) providing self-reported data on sweet propensity (score range: 0 to 68.4), fat propensity (range: 0 to 72.6), emotion-driven impulsiveness using the UPPS-P negative urgency subscale, and psychosocial well-being using the KINDLR Questionnaire. We estimated, separately, the average causal effects of psychosocial well-being and emotion-driven impulsiveness on sweet and fat propensity applying a semi-parametric doubly robust method (targeted maximum likelihood estimation). Further, we investigated a potential indirect effect of psychosocial well-being on sweet and fat propensity mediated via emotion-driven impulsiveness using a causal mediation analysis. RESULTS If all adolescents, hypothetically, had high levels of psychosocial well-being, compared to low levels, we estimated a decrease in average sweet propensity by 1.43 [95%-confidence interval: 0.25 to 2.61]. A smaller effect was estimated for fat propensity. Similarly, if all adolescents had high levels of emotion-driven impulsiveness, compared to low levels, average sweet propensity would be decreased by 2.07 [0.87 to 3.26] and average fat propensity by 1.85 [0.81 to 2.88]. The indirect effect of psychosocial well-being via emotion-driven impulsiveness was 0.61 [0.24 to 1.09] for average sweet propensity and 0.55 [0.13 to 0.86] for average fat propensity. CONCLUSIONS An intervention targeting emotion-driven impulsiveness, compared to psychosocial well-being, would be marginally more effective in reducing sweet and fat propensity in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Do
- Department of Epidemiological Methods and Etiological Research, Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Achterstrasse 30, 28359, Bremen, Germany
- Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Vanessa Didelez
- Department of Biometry and Data Management, Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Bremen, Germany
- Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Claudia Börnhorst
- Department of Biometry and Data Management, Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Bremen, Germany
| | - Juul M J Coumans
- Teaching and Learning Centre, Open University of the Netherlands, Heerlen, The Netherlands
| | - Lucia A Reisch
- Cambridge Judge Business School, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Unna N Danner
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Altrecht Eating Disorders Rintveld, Utrecht University, Zeist, The Netherlands
| | - Paola Russo
- Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council, Avellino, Italy
| | - Toomas Veidebaum
- Department of Chronic Diseases, National Institute for Health Development, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Michael Tornaritis
- Research and Education Institute of Child health, REF, Strovolos, Cyprus
| | - Dénes Molnár
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Monica Hunsberger
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Stefaan De Henauw
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Luis A Moreno
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development) Research Group, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), University of Zaragoza, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Wolfgang Ahrens
- Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Antje Hebestreit
- Department of Epidemiological Methods and Etiological Research, Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Achterstrasse 30, 28359, Bremen, Germany.
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Yang H, Zhou X, Xie L, Sun J. The effect of emotion regulation on emotional eating among undergraduate students in China: The chain mediating role of impulsivity and depressive symptoms. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0280701. [PMID: 37319167 PMCID: PMC10270349 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0280701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the relationship between difficulties in emotion regulation and emotional eating and the role of impulsivity and depressive symptoms in mediating this chain. Four hundred ninety-four undergraduate students participated in the study. A self-designed questionnaire was used in the survey from February 6 to 13, 2022, to finish our purpose, including the Emotional Eating Scale (EES-R), Depression Scale (CES-D), Short Version of the Impulsivity Behavior Scale (UPPS-P) and Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS). The results showed that 1) difficulties in emotion regulation, impulsivity, depressive symptoms, and emotional eating were correlated; 2) impulsivity and depressive symptoms separately mediated the relationship between difficulties in emotion regulation and emotional eating; 3) impulsivity and depressive symptoms played a chain mediating role between difficulties in emotion regulation and emotional eating. The current study provided a better understanding of the psychologically related pathway of emotional eating. The results would be helpful for prevention and intervention of emotional eating among undergraduate students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Yang
- School of Nursing, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyi Zhou
- School of Nursing, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Longjiao Xie
- School of Nursing, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Sun
- Department of Community Nursing, School of Nursing, Peking University, Beijing, China
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Fernández MS, Pilatti A, Pautassi RM. Eating-to-Cope Motives and Uncontrolled Eating as Mediators Between Negative Emotional States and Food Addiction Among Argentinean Young Adults. Int J Ment Health Addict 2022:1-19. [PMID: 36275610 PMCID: PMC9579650 DOI: 10.1007/s11469-022-00934-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Negative emotional states (NES; i.e., depression, anxiety and stress) are likely contributors to the development of food addiction (FA). The association between NES and FA symptoms may be mediated by altered eating behaviors or by eating-to-cope motives. This study examined, in a sample of Argentinean young adults, the association between NES and FA symptoms via eating-to-cope motives and three patterns of eating behaviors. We also examined whether the model was invariant across college status. The transition from high school to college is usually associated with increased exposure to stress, which promotes the probability of engaging in altered eating behaviors. A sample of 499 Argentinean young adults (mean age = 24.9 ± 3.51 years) completed a survey that assessed FA symptoms, eating behaviors (i.e., uncontrolled, emotional, and restrained eating), eating-to-cope motives and NES. A path analysis tested the indirect association between NES and FA symptoms via uncontrolled, emotional or restrained eating, or by eating-to-cope. Stress and depression symptoms were indirectly associated with FA symptoms via uncontrolled eating and eating-to-cope motives. The model was invariant across college status. The findings suggest that NES are associated with FA symptoms by increasing uncontrolled eating and eating-to-cope motives. Young adults exhibiting greater depressive or stress symptoms, higher eating-to-cope, or higher uncontrolled eating may be at risk for FA. Future research should examine the significance of this pattern by tailoring interventions to these characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Macarena Soledad Fernández
- Instituto de Investigaciones Psicológicas, IIPsi-CONICET-UNC, Bv. de la Reforma, 1936 Córdoba (5000), Argentina
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Bv. de la Reforma 1936, Ciudad Universitaria, C.P. 5000 Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Angelina Pilatti
- Instituto de Investigaciones Psicológicas, IIPsi-CONICET-UNC, Bv. de la Reforma, 1936 Córdoba (5000), Argentina
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Bv. de la Reforma 1936, Ciudad Universitaria, C.P. 5000 Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Ricardo Marcos Pautassi
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Bv. de la Reforma 1936, Ciudad Universitaria, C.P. 5000 Córdoba, Argentina
- Instituto de Investigación Médica M. Y M. Ferreyra, INIMEC-CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Friuli 2434, C.P. 5000 Córdoba, Argentina
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Kalika E, Egan H, Mantzios M. Exploring the role of mindful eating and self-compassion on eating behaviours and orthorexia in people following a vegan diet. Eat Weight Disord 2022; 27:2641-2651. [PMID: 35553382 PMCID: PMC9556376 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-022-01407-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Orthorexia nervosa (ON) is a new concept that is more prevalent in vegan populations. ON is characterised by obsessive focus on healthy eating, following restrictive dietary practices and dietary restrictions escalating over time. The aim of this study was to explore problematic eating behaviours in a vegan population, and to explore whether mindful eating and self-compassion have an impact on ON. Two hundred and eighty-seven females and twenty-eight males who followed a vegan diet completed scales in Orthorexia, Self-Compassion, Mindful, Emotional, External and Restraint Eating. The results indicated that individuals with high levels of ON display low levels of self-compassion, and high levels of restrained eating. Moreover, the findings indicated that self-compassion, but not mindful eating, partially mediated the relationship between restrained eating and orthorexia nervosa. The present results contribute to a better understanding of orthorexic eating behaviours in a vegan population, and identifies the mediating capacity of self-compassion. Further implications and future directions are discussed.Level of evidence: Level V, cross-sectional descriptive study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliza Kalika
- Department of Psychology, Birmingham City University, Curzon Building, Office C325, Birmingham, B4 7DE, UK.
| | - Helen Egan
- Department of Psychology, Birmingham City University, Curzon Building, Office C325, Birmingham, B4 7DE, UK
| | - Michail Mantzios
- Department of Psychology, Birmingham City University, Curzon Building, Office C325, Birmingham, B4 7DE, UK
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Examination of Individual Differences in Susceptibility to Food Addiction using Alcohol and Addiction Research Domain Criteria (AARDoC): Recent Findings and Directions for the Future. CURRENT ADDICTION REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s40429-022-00433-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Purpose of Review
Alcohol and Addiction Research Domain Criteria (AARDoC) is a transdiagnostic, circuits-based framework for studying addictive behaviors. We examined parallels in individual differences that might increase susceptibility to FA and other addictive disorders using the following units of analysis in AARDoC domains: craving, relative reinforcing value of food and attention bias in the incentive salience domain; decisional impulsivity (delay discounting) and inhibitory control (Go-No-Go, Conner’s Continuous Performance Test, and the flanker task) in the executive function domain; and emotion dysregulation and negative urgency in the negative emotionality domain.
Recent Findings
There are a number of parallels between FA and other addictions in the incentive salience and negative emotionality domains, but somewhat divergent findings in the executive function domain. Trauma appears to be an important environmental stressor in maintenance of FA.
Summary
AARDoC may be a useful organizing framework for studying addictions, including FA. Future studies should incorporate other units of analysis to better characterize FA.
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Breton E, Fotso Soh J, Booij L. Immunoinflammatory processes: Overlapping mechanisms between obesity and eating disorders? Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 138:104688. [PMID: 35594735 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Obesity and eating disorders are conditions that involve eating behaviors and are sometimes comorbid. Current evidence supports alterations in immunoinflammatory processes in both obesity and eating disorders. A plausible hypothesis is that immunoinflammatory processes may be involved in the pathophysiology of obesity and eating disorders. The aim of this review is to highlight the link between obesity and eating disorders, with a particular focus on immunoinflammatory processes. First, the relation between obesity and eating disorders will be presented, followed by a brief review of the literature on their association with immunoinflammatory processes. Second, developmental factors will be discussed to clarify the link between obesity, eating disorders, and immunoinflammatory processes. Genetic and epigenetic risk factors as well as the potential roles of stress pathways and early life development will be presented. Finally, implications of these findings for future research are discussed. This review highlighted biological and developmental aspects that overlap between obesity and EDs, emphasizing the need for biopsychosocial research approaches to advance current knowledge and practice in these fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Breton
- Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Centre, Montreal, Canada; Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | - J Fotso Soh
- Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Centre, Montreal, Canada; Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montreal, Canada
| | - L Booij
- Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Centre, Montreal, Canada; Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada; Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montreal, Canada.
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13
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Shell AL, Oglesby LT, Um M, Stewart JC, Cyders MA. Negative urgency and central adiposity in a community sample: Moderated mediation by depressive symptoms and eating behaviors. Eat Behav 2021; 43:101576. [PMID: 34689078 PMCID: PMC8629961 DOI: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2021.101576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Negative urgency - acting rashly in response to negative emotions - is a risk factor for central adiposity. We examine whether the relationship between negative urgency and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) is mediated by eating behaviors (emotional eating, external eating, and cognitive restraint) and moderated by depressive symptom severity, factors that could be targeted to reduce risk associated with negative urgency. Using baseline data from the Nathan Kline Institute-Rockland Sample (N = 872; mean age = 42.4 years, SD = 15.3; 65% female; 27% non-White; mean body mass index = 27.9 kg/m2, SD = 5.9), we conducted a series of mediation and moderated mediation analyses controlling for age, sex, race, and socioeconomic status. Overall, there was a positive association between negative urgency and WHtR. Emotional eating (ab = 0.02, SE = 0.003, 95% CI [0.02, 0.03]) and uncontrolled eating (ab = 0.008, SE = 0.002, 95% CI [0.004, 0.01]) were partial mediators of the relationship between negative urgency and WHtR, while cognitive restraint was not. In a parallel mediation model, emotional eating remained significant, while uncontrolled eating did not. Depressive symptom severity moderated the indirect effect of negative urgency on WHtR through emotional eating (bint = -0.08, p < .001) but not the direct effect of negative urgency on WHtR. Our results indicate that emotional eating is a viable potential mechanism explaining the relationship between negative urgency and WHtR, and the indirect effect of negative urgency on WHtR through emotional eating becomes stronger as depressive symptom severity decreases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aubrey L. Shell
- Department of Psychology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)
| | - Larissa T. Oglesby
- Indiana University-Purdue University Post-Baccaleureate Research Education Program
| | - Miji Um
- Department of Psychology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)
| | - Jesse C. Stewart
- Department of Psychology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)
| | - Melissa A. Cyders
- Department of Psychology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)
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14
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Sönmez Güngör E, Çelebi C, Akvardar Y. The Relationship of Food Addiction With Other Eating Pathologies and Impulsivity: A Case-Control Study. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:747474. [PMID: 34899418 PMCID: PMC8661135 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.747474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The concept of food addiction (FA) has become central in recent years in understanding the psychological etiology of obesity. In this matched case-control study from Turkey, it was aimed to examine the prevalence of FA and related risk factors in four consecutive body mass index (BMI) categories. The case group consisted of pre-operative bariatric surgery patients with BMI over 35.0 kg/m2 (n = 40) and the control group was composed of age- and gender- matching individuals from the other categories, namely obese (n = 35), overweight (n = 40), and normal weight (n = 40). The Yale Food Addiction Scale (YFAS) and a standardized clinical interview using the DSM-5 substance use disorders criteria adopted for FA, the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDEQ) and the Barratt Impulsivity Scale (BIS-11) were used as assessment instruments. It was found that FA was significantly associated with more serious eating pathologies, more frequent weight-cycling and earlier onset of dieting, higher impulsivity, and higher BMI. Motor and total impulsivity scores showed a positive albeit week correlation with the severity of FA but no significant correlation with BMI, indicating a relationship between impulsivity and weight gain in some but not all individuals. The severity of FA predicted the increase in BMI. Our findings suggest that FA is associated with weight gain in a group of individuals, plausibly through impulsive overeating. Emphasis on FA and its clinical implications such as addiction-based treatments may improve outcomes in obesity and facilitate health promotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekin Sönmez Güngör
- Department of Psychiatry, Erenköy Mental Health and Neurological Diseases Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Cengiz Çelebi
- Department of Psychiatry, Büyükçekmece Mimar Sinan State Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yildiz Akvardar
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
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15
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Do S, Coumans JMJ, Börnhorst C, Pohlabeln H, Reisch LA, Danner UN, Russo P, Veidebaum T, Tornaritis M, Molnár D, Hunsberger M, De Henauw S, Moreno LA, Ahrens W, Hebestreit A. Associations Between Psychosocial Well-Being, Stressful Life Events and Emotion-Driven Impulsiveness in European Adolescents. J Youth Adolesc 2021; 51:1106-1117. [PMID: 34751911 PMCID: PMC9090687 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-021-01533-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Knowing the extent to which mental well-being and stressful life events during adolescence contribute to personality characteristics related to risk-taking behaviors, such as emotion-driven impulsiveness, is highly relevant for the development of health promotion measures. This study examined whether psychosocial well-being and different stressful life events are associated with emotion-driven impulsiveness. In total, 3,031 adolescents (52% girls; Mage = 13.6 years) were included from the I. Family Study, a cross-sectional examination on lifestyle-related behaviors conducted across eight European countries in 2013/14. Linear mixed-effects regression models showed that higher psychosocial well-being was associated with lower emotion-driven impulsiveness independent of socio-demographic, health-related, and parental variables. A higher number of stressful life events was associated with higher emotion-driven impulsiveness. Psychosocial well-being and stressful life events need to be further considered in the development and tailoring of health promotion strategies that aim to reduce emotion-driven impulsiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Do
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology, Achterstrasse 30, 28359, Bremen, Germany.,Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Bremen, Bibliothekstrasse 5, 28359, Bremen, Germany
| | - Juul M J Coumans
- Department of Health Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Open University of the Netherlands, Valkenburgerweg 177, 6419 AT, Heerlen, The Netherlands
| | - Claudia Börnhorst
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology, Achterstrasse 30, 28359, Bremen, Germany
| | - Hermann Pohlabeln
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology, Achterstrasse 30, 28359, Bremen, Germany
| | - Lucia A Reisch
- Copenhagen Business School, Dalgas Have 15, 2000, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Unna N Danner
- Altrecht Eating Disorders Rintveld, Wenshoek 4, 3705 WE, Zeist, The Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Paola Russo
- Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council, Via Roma 64, 83100, Avellino, Italy
| | - Toomas Veidebaum
- Department of Chronic Diseases, National Institute for Health Development, Hiiu 42, 11619, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Michael Tornaritis
- Research and Education Institute of Child health, REF, 138, Limassol Avenue, 2015, Strovolos, Cyprus
| | - Dénes Molnár
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, University of Pécs, József A. u. 7, 7623, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Monica Hunsberger
- University of Gothenburg, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Box 453, SE-405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Stefaan De Henauw
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, C. Heymanslaan 10, ingang 42 - verdieping 5, 9000, Gent, Belgium
| | - Luis A Moreno
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development) Research Group, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Universidad de Zaragoza (UNIZAR), Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Domingo Miral s/n, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Wolfgang Ahrens
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology, Achterstrasse 30, 28359, Bremen, Germany.,Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Bremen, Bibliothekstrasse 5, 28359, Bremen, Germany
| | - Antje Hebestreit
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology, Achterstrasse 30, 28359, Bremen, Germany.
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Kidd C, Loxton NJ. A narrative review of reward sensitivity, rash impulsivity, and food addiction in adolescents. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2021; 109:110265. [PMID: 33545225 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2021.110265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Adolescence represents a neurodevelopmental period characterised by heightened reward drive and weaker inhibitory control that may increase vulnerability to compulsive overconsumption of highly-palatable foods and food addiction. This narrative review aimed to summarise research investigating the presence of food addiction in adolescents and establish the role that impulsivity traits (i.e., reward sensitivity and rash impulsivity), previously linked to substance and behavioural addictions, play in contributing to food addiction in this cohort. It was found that the prevalence of food addiction was typically higher in studies that recruited adolescents who were overweight/obese or from clinical populations. Overall, impulsivity was found to be more consistently associated with food addiction, while the relationships between measures of reward sensitivity and food addiction were mixed. Findings of this review suggest trait impulsivity may contribute to food addiction in adolescents, however, further longitudinal and prospective research is recommended to confirm these findings and to investigate the potential interactive effects of reward sensitivity and rash impulsivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloe Kidd
- School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Mt Gravatt Campus, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Natalie J Loxton
- School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Mt Gravatt Campus, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
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17
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Skinner J, Jebeile H, Burrows T. Food addiction and mental health in adolescents: a systematic review. THE LANCET CHILD & ADOLESCENT HEALTH 2021; 5:751-766. [PMID: 34174201 DOI: 10.1016/s2352-4642(21)00126-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The intersection between eating behaviours and mental health has garnered substantial attention in recent years. For this Review, we systematically reviewed the available research to find out the prevalence of food addiction as measured by the Yale Food Addiction Scale, and to investigate its association with mental health-related outcomes in adolescents. Eight databases were searched using keywords from Jan 1, 2009, to Aug 5, 2020, to identify studies reporting a Yale Food Addiction Scale diagnosis or symptom score, or both. In total, 27 studies were included. The prevalence of a food addiction diagnosis ranged from 2·6% to 49·9% in non-clinical and clinical populations, and prevalence was higher in women and adolescents with a higher weight status. Food addiction was associated with disordered eating, depressive and anxiety symptoms, and a poorer quality of life and self-esteem. These associations have important implications for the assessment and management of eating behaviours and mental health in adolescents. Transdiagnostic prevention and management intervention strategies could be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janelle Skinner
- Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Medicine, and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia; Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Hiba Jebeile
- Children's Hospital Westmead Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia; Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The Children's Hospital Westmead, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Tracy Burrows
- Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Medicine, and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia; Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.
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18
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Moderating Effects of Parental Feeding Practices and Emotional Eating on Dietary Intake among Overweight African American Adolescents. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13061920. [PMID: 34204927 PMCID: PMC8229013 DOI: 10.3390/nu13061920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examined the effects of parental feeding practices and adolescent emotional eating (EE) on dietary outcomes among overweight African American adolescents. Based on Family Systems Theory, it was hypothesized that parental feeding practices, such as parental monitoring and responsibility, would buffer the effects of EE on poor dietary quality, whereas practices such as concern about a child’s weight, restriction, and pressure-to-eat would exacerbate this relationship. Adolescents (N = 127; Mage = 12.83 ± 1.74; MBMI% = 96.61 ± 4.14) provided baseline data from the Families Improving Together (FIT) for Weight Loss trial and an ancillary study. Dietary outcomes (fruit and vegetables (F&Vs), energy intake, sweetened beverage, total fat, and saturated fat) were assessed using random 24-h dietary recalls. Validated surveys were used to assess adolescent-reported EE and parental feeding practices. Results demonstrated a significant interaction between EE and parental monitoring (adjusted analyses; B = 0.524, SE = 0.176, p = 0.004), restriction (B = −0.331, SE = 0.162, p = 0.043), and concern (B = −0.602, SE = 0.171, p = 0.001) on F&V intake; under high monitoring, low restriction, and low concern, EE was positively associated with F&V intake. There were no significant effects for the other dietary outcomes. These findings indicate that parental feeding practices and EE may be important factors to consider for dietary interventions, specifically for F&V intake, among overweight African American adolescents.
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19
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Yekaninejad MS, Badrooj N, Vosoughi F, Lin C, Potenza MN, Pakpour AH. Prevalence of food addiction in children and adolescents: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Obes Rev 2021; 22:e13183. [PMID: 33403795 PMCID: PMC8244111 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Food addiction (FA) has been as a construct that is associated with childhood obesity. However, relatively little is known regarding the prevalence of FA among children and adolescents. An instrument designed to assess FA among youth, the Yale Food Addiction Scale for Children and Adolescents (YFAS-C), has been developed and used to estimate FA prevalence among pediatric populations. The present systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to synthesize the results of FA prevalence among youth. Using keywords related to FA and children to search PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science, we identified and analyzed 22 cross-sectional studies. No longitudinal studies were identified in the search. Meta-analysis with Freeman-Tukey Double Arcsine transformation was conducted to estimate FA prevalence. Meta-regression was applied to understand whether weight status (i.e., data from community samples vs. overweight/obese samples) is associated with FA. Eligible studies (N = 22) were analyzed using 6,996 participants. The estimated FA prevalence was 15% (95% CI 11-19%) for all samples, 12% (95% CI 8-17%) for community samples, and 19% (95% CI 14-26%) for overweight/obese samples. Meta-regression indicated that weight status was associated with FA severity (p = 0.002) and marginally with FA prevalence (p = 0.056). Healthcare providers should consider and address the high FA prevalence among pediatric population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mir Saeed Yekaninejad
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public HealthTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Negin Badrooj
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and DieteticsTehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS)TehranIran
| | - Fardis Vosoughi
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Shariati Hospital and School of MedicineTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Chung‐Ying Lin
- Institute of Allied Health Sciences, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of MedicineNational Cheng Kung UniversityTainanTaiwan
| | - Mac N. Potenza
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience and the Child Study Center, School of MedicineYale UniversityNew HavenConnecticutUSA
- Connecticut Council on Problem GamblingWethersfieldConnecticutUSA
| | - Amir H. Pakpour
- Social Determinants of Health Research CenterResearch Institute for Prevention of Non‐Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical SciencesQazvinIran
- Department of Nursing, School of Health and WelfareJönköping UniversityJönköpingSweden
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20
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Piccinni A, Bucchi R, Fini C, Vanelli F, Mauri M, Stallone T, Cavallo ED, Claudio C. Food addiction and psychiatric comorbidities: a review of current evidence. Eat Weight Disord 2021; 26:1049-1056. [PMID: 32968944 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-020-01021-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Food addiction (FA) is characterised by the consumption of appetible foods and by addictive psychological and behavioural symptoms such as cravings, tolerance, limited control of substance intake and withdrawal symptoms. Despite previous research on FA has been hindered by the lack of a formal definition for this condition, recent global trends have stirred the interest of the scientific community towards a proper classification and construct of FA. More specifically, recent studies have pointed towards shared defective neurobiological mechanisms as well as frequent comorbidities between FA, eating disorders, mood disorders, anxiety disorders and substance-related and addictive disorders. OBJECTIVE In this review, we will provide an overview of the complex symptomatology of food addiction evaluating its relationship with mood disorders, anxiety disorders, eating disorders and substance-related and addictive disorders. METHODS We wrote a systematic review and followed a PRISMA methods. RESULTS Patients with FA and substance use disorders show similar risk factors, neurobiological and hormonal correlates, personality traits and symptom profiles. The presence of FA appears to be directly proportional to the burden of symptoms of affective disorder. The comorbidity between FA and other eating disorders is associated with worse clinical conditions and symptoms. CONCLUSION FA should be considered a sort of transnosological construct existing in different psychopathological domains that have similarities with substance-related, affective, and eating disorders. Furthermore, FA seems to be likely an important factor related to several psychopathological dimensions, but further studies are needed to clarify this view. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level V, review article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armando Piccinni
- Unicamillus, Saint Camillus International University of Health Sciences, Rome, Italy.
- Brain Research Foundation (BRF), Via Berlinghieri 15, 55100, Lucca, Italy.
| | - Rachele Bucchi
- Brain Research Foundation (BRF), Via Berlinghieri 15, 55100, Lucca, Italy
| | - Claudia Fini
- Brain Research Foundation (BRF), Via Berlinghieri 15, 55100, Lucca, Italy
| | - Federica Vanelli
- Brain Research Foundation (BRF), Via Berlinghieri 15, 55100, Lucca, Italy
| | - Mauro Mauri
- Department of Psychiatry, Neurobiology, Pharmacology and Biotechnologies, UNIPI, Pisa, Italy
| | - Tiziana Stallone
- Ente Nazionale di Previdenza e Assistenza a Favore Dei Biologi (ENPAB), Rome, Italy
| | | | - Cargioli Claudio
- Department of Psychiatry, North-Western Tuscany Region Local Health Unit, Collesalvetti, Italy
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21
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Mallorquí-Bagué N, Lozano-Madrid M, Vintró-Alcaraz C, Forcano L, Díaz-López A, Galera A, Fernández-Carrión R, Granero R, Jiménez-Murcia S, Corella D, Pintó X, Cuenca-Royo A, Bulló M, Salas-Salvadó J, de la Torre R, Fernández-Aranda F. Effects of a psychosocial intervention at one-year follow-up in a PREDIMED-plus sample with obesity and metabolic syndrome. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9144. [PMID: 33911087 PMCID: PMC8080657 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-88298-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examines if overweight/obesity are related to higher impulsivity, food addiction and depressive symptoms, and if these variables could be modified after 1 year of a multimodal intervention (diet, physical activity, psychosocial support). 342 adults (55-75 years) with overweight/obesity and metabolic syndrome (MetS) from the PREDIMED-Plus Cognition study were randomized to the intervention or to the control group (lifestyle recommendations). Cognitive and psychopathological assessments were performed at baseline and after 1-year follow-up. At baseline, higher impulsivity was linked to higher food addiction and depressive symptoms, but not to body mass index (BMI). Food addiction not only predicted higher BMI and depressive symptoms, but also achieved a mediational role between impulsivity and BMI/depressive symptoms. After 1 year, patients in both groups reported significant decreases in BMI, food addiction and impulsivity. BMI reduction and impulsivity improvements were higher in the intervention group. Higher BMI decrease was achieved in individuals with lower impulsivity. Higher scores in food addiction were also related to greater post-treatment impulsivity. To conclude, overweight/obesity are related to higher impulsivity, food addiction and depressive symptoms in mid/old age individuals with MetS. Our results also highlight the modifiable nature of the studied variables and the interest of promoting multimodal interventions within this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Núria Mallorquí-Bagué
- Addictive Behaviours Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Feixa Llarga S/N, L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, 08907, Barcelona, Spain
- Consorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - María Lozano-Madrid
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Feixa Llarga S/N, L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, 08907, Barcelona, Spain
- Consorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Vintró-Alcaraz
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Feixa Llarga S/N, L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, 08907, Barcelona, Spain
- Consorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Forcano
- Consorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Integrative Pharmacology and Neurosciences Systems, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), Dr. Aiguder 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andrés Díaz-López
- Consorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Unitat de Nutrició Humana, Reus, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Reus, Spain
- Serra Hunter Fellow, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Reus, Spain
| | - Ana Galera
- Consorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Lipids and Vascular Risk Unit, Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Bellvitge, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rebeca Fernández-Carrión
- Consorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Roser Granero
- Consorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Departament de Psicobiologia i Metodologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Susana Jiménez-Murcia
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Feixa Llarga S/N, L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, 08907, Barcelona, Spain
- Consorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Dolores Corella
- Consorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Xavier Pintó
- Consorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Lipids and Vascular Risk Unit, Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Bellvitge, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aida Cuenca-Royo
- Consorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Integrative Pharmacology and Neurosciences Systems, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), Dr. Aiguder 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mònica Bulló
- Consorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Unitat de Nutrició Humana, Reus, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Reus, Spain
| | - Jordi Salas-Salvadó
- Consorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Unitat de Nutrició Humana, Reus, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Reus, Spain
- Nutrition Unit, University Hospital of Sant Joan de Reus, Reus, Spain
| | - Rafael de la Torre
- Consorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.
- Integrative Pharmacology and Neurosciences Systems, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), Dr. Aiguder 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain.
- Departament de Ciències, Experimentals i de la Salut Universitat Pompeu Fabra (CEXS-UPF), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Fernando Fernández-Aranda
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Feixa Llarga S/N, L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, 08907, Barcelona, Spain.
- Consorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
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Converging vulnerability factors for compulsive food and drug use. Neuropharmacology 2021; 196:108556. [PMID: 33862029 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Highly palatable foods and substance of abuse have intersecting neurobiological, metabolic and behavioral effects relevant for understanding vulnerability to conditions related to food (e.g., obesity, binge eating disorder) and drug (e.g., substance use disorder) misuse. Here, we review data from animal models, clinical populations and epidemiological evidence in behavioral, genetic, pathophysiologic and therapeutic domains. Results suggest that consumption of highly palatable food and drugs of abuse both impact and conversely are regulated by metabolic hormones and metabolic status. Palatable foods high in fat and/or sugar can elicit adaptation in brain reward and withdrawal circuitry akin to substances of abuse. Intake of or withdrawal from palatable food can impact behavioral sensitivity to drugs of abuse and vice versa. A robust literature suggests common substrates and roles for negative reinforcement, negative affect, negative urgency, and impulse control deficits, with both highly palatable foods and substances of abuse. Candidate genetic risk loci shared by obesity and alcohol use disorders have been identified in molecules classically associated with both metabolic and motivational functions. Finally, certain drugs may have overlapping therapeutic potential to treat obesity, diabetes, binge-related eating disorders and substance use disorders. Taken together, data are consistent with the hypotheses that compulsive food and substance use share overlapping, interacting substrates at neurobiological and metabolic levels and that motivated behavior associated with feeding or substance use might constitute vulnerability factors for one another. This article is part of the special issue on 'Vulnerabilities to Substance Abuse'.
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Byrne ME, Shank LM, Altman DR, Swanson TN, Ramirez E, Moore NA, Rubin SG, LeMay-Russell S, Parker MN, Kaufman RE, Yang SB, Torres SL, Brady SM, Kelly NR, Tanofsky-Kraff M, Yanovski JA. Inhibitory control and negative affect in relation to food intake among youth. Appetite 2021; 156:104858. [PMID: 32891676 PMCID: PMC7669609 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2020.104858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Negative affect and poor inhibitory control are related to disinhibited eating behaviors in youth and may contribute to the development and/or maintenance of obesity. Although few studies have jointly examined these constructs in youth, it has been theorized that poor inhibitory control may be driven by negative affect. If supported, impaired inhibitory control, driven by negative affect, could represent a modifiable neurocognitive treatment target for disinhibited eating. The current study examined whether inhibitory control mediates the relationship between negative affect and eating among youth. Youth (8-17 years) participated in a Food Go/No-Go neurocognitive task to measure inhibitory control as the percentage of commission errors. A composite negative affect score was created from self-report measures of anxiety and depression. A laboratory buffet meal modeled to simulate disinhibited eating was used to measure total and snack food intake. Cross-sectional mediation models with bias-corrected bootstrap confidence intervals (CI) were conducted using negative affect as the independent variable, inhibitory control as the mediator, and intake patterns as dependent variables. One-hundred-eighty-one youths (13.2 ± 2.7y; 55% female; BMIz 0.6 ± 1.0) were studied. Total Go/No-Go commission errors mediated the relationship between negative affect and total intake (95%CI = [0.3, 31.6]), but not snack intake (95%CI = [-2.5, 7.3]). Commission errors for Food-Go blocks significantly mediated the relationship between negative affect and total intake (95%CI = [7.7, 44.4]), but not snack intake (95%CI = [-3.4, 9.5]). Commission errors on Neutral-Go blocks did not significantly mediate any of these relationships. Negative affect may lead to poorer inhibitory control as well as a stronger approach tendency toward food, increasing the likelihood of engaging in disinhibited eating. Future research should determine if, in combination with approaches to reduce negative affect, improved inhibitory control could help prevent overeating in youths with depressive or anxiety symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan E Byrne
- Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USU), USA; Section on Growth and Obesity, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), USA
| | - Lisa M Shank
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), USA; Department of Medicine, USU, USA; Military Cardiovascular Outcomes Research (MiCOR), Metis Foundation, USA
| | - Deborah R Altman
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), USA
| | - Taylor N Swanson
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), USA; Military Cardiovascular Outcomes Research (MiCOR), Metis Foundation, USA
| | - Eliana Ramirez
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), USA
| | - Nia A Moore
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), USA
| | - Sarah G Rubin
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), USA
| | - Sarah LeMay-Russell
- Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USU), USA; Section on Growth and Obesity, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), USA
| | - Megan N Parker
- Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USU), USA; Section on Growth and Obesity, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), USA
| | - Rachel E Kaufman
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), USA
| | | | | | - Sheila M Brady
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), USA
| | - Nichole R Kelly
- Department of Counseling Psychology and Human Services, Prevention Science Institute, University of Oregon, USA
| | - Marian Tanofsky-Kraff
- Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USU), USA; Section on Growth and Obesity, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), USA; Department of Medicine, USU, USA; Military Cardiovascular Outcomes Research (MiCOR), Metis Foundation, USA.
| | - Jack A Yanovski
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), USA
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Overweight adolescents exhibit greater cortisol reactivity in response to acute stress and are more likely to eat in response to emotional cues, which suggest an increased susceptibility to stress-induced eating. The purpose of this study was to examine the biological (cortisol and α-amylase reactivity) and behavioral (caloric intake) responses to an acute stressor in overweight adolescents. METHODS Fifty-one adolescents ages 14 to 19 years (47% female, 55% white; body mass index, 31.2 ± 0.8 kg/m) were exposed to the Trier Social Stress Test and a control condition on separate days. Immediately after each condition, participants were provided with snacks to eat at their leisure. Reactivity was assessed via salivary cortisol and α-amylase area under the curve (AUC), and adolescents were categorized as high or low reactors. RESULTS Cortisol AUC was higher during the stress condition (19.6 ± 0.2 μg/dl · min) compared with the control condition (11.4 ± 0.9 μg/dl · min, p < .001). α-Amylase AUC was not different during the stress condition (9999 ± 987 U/ml · min) compared with the control condition (8762 ± 865 U/ml · min, p = .145). Overall, adolescents consumed fewer calories during the stress condition (488 ± 51 kcal) compared with the control condition (637 ± 42 kcal, p = .007). High cortisol reactors decreased their calorie consumption from the control condition (716 ± 52 kcal) to the stress condition (457 ± 53 kcal, p = .001), whereas low cortisol reactors did not change their consumption (stress: 518 ± 87 kcal versus control: 561 ± 62 kcal, p = .574). CONCLUSION High cortisol reactivity in overweight adolescents resulted in decreased calorie consumption after an acute stressor. Further research is needed to understand the mechanisms underlying stress-induced suppression of food intake in overweight adolescents.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The question whether food choice and eating behavior influence the mood or are influenced by the mood has been inquisitive to scientists and researchers. The purpose of this review is to support or refuse the argument that mood is affected by food or vice versa. RECENT FINDINGS The association between food and mood has been comprehensively elucidated in this review based on several studies that include participants from different ages, cultural backgrounds, and health status. The correlation among food, mood, and diseases such as diabetes mellitus, obesity, and depression was thoroughly investigated. The effect of different foods and nutrients on the mood was further explained. It is concluded that the mood significantly affects food intake and food choices. On the other hand, food also influences the mood, which affects the diseases either positively or negatively. Appropriate food choices play a significant role in mood enhancement. Advertisement is another crucial factor that negatively affects food choices and mood and contributes to many diseases. Understanding the interaction between food and mood can help to prevent or alleviate undesired health issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Welayah A AlAmmar
- Clinical Nutrition Department, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatima H Albeesh
- Clinical Nutrition Department, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rabie Y Khattab
- Clinical Nutrition Department, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.
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26
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Rose M, Streisand R, Tully C, Clary L, Monaghan M, Wang J, Mackey E. Risk of Disordered Eating Behaviors in Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes. J Pediatr Psychol 2020; 45:583-591. [PMID: 32388559 DOI: 10.1093/jpepsy/jsaa027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Management of type 1 diabetes (T1D) may be difficult for adolescents, who often fail to meet glycemic targets. Adolescents are also at an increased risk for negative affect (i.e., anxiety, depressive symptoms) and are prone to disordered eating behaviors (DEB). This study hypothesized that negative affect would be associated with DEB, self-management, and glycemic control, but that this would be moderated by negative urgency (the urge to engage in impulsive behaviors in response to negative affect), such that this relationship would be significant only for those with higher negative urgency. METHODS The Eating in Adolescents with T1D Study recruited 100 caregiver-adolescent dyads (55% male youth, 48% Caucasian) to complete questionnaires reporting on the adolescent's negative affect, negative urgency, DEB, and diabetes management. Glycemic control 3-4 months following survey completion was extracted from the medical record. RESULTS A total of 61% of adolescents reported elevated symptoms of anxiety or depression and 25% reported elevated disordered eating symptoms. A total of 81% of adolescents had an A1c level above recommended targets. Negative affect was associated with DEB, suboptimal T1D self-management, and suboptimal glycemic outcomes, moderated by higher levels of negative urgency. Negative affect was associated directly with suboptimal self-management and glycemic control, but not DEB, at all levels of negative urgency. CONCLUSIONS Adolescents reported high levels of negative affect, DEB, and suboptimal glycemic control. Interventions that target negative affect and negative urgency in adolescents with T1D are needed in order to reduce the risk for DEB and negative diabetes health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Randi Streisand
- Children's National Hospital.,George Washington University School of Medicine
| | - Carrie Tully
- Children's National Hospital.,George Washington University School of Medicine
| | - Lauren Clary
- Children's National Hospital.,George Washington University School of Medicine
| | - Maureen Monaghan
- Children's National Hospital.,George Washington University School of Medicine
| | - Jichuan Wang
- Children's National Hospital.,George Washington University School of Medicine
| | - Eleanor Mackey
- Children's National Hospital.,George Washington University School of Medicine
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Maxwell AL, Gardiner E, Loxton NJ. Investigating the relationship between reward sensitivity, impulsivity, and food addiction: A systematic review. EUROPEAN EATING DISORDERS REVIEW 2020; 28:368-384. [PMID: 32142199 DOI: 10.1002/erv.2732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the current research was to identify the extent to which reward sensitivity and impulsivity were related to food addiction. METHOD Forty-five studies, published from 2009 to June 2019, investigating reward sensitivity and/or impulsivity with food addiction as measured by the Yale Food Addiction Scale were reviewed. RESULTS Reward sensitivity, as measured by the Sensitivity to Reward (SR) scale, was positively associated with food addiction in two studies, but failed to yield consistent results in other studies when measured with the Behavioral Inhibition/Behavioral Activation Scales. Self-report impulsivity, as measured by the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11), was consistently associated with food addiction, with attentional impulsivity and motor impulsivity the most consistent subscales. Similarly, food addiction was also consistently associated with Negative Urgency, Positive Urgency, and Lack of Perseverance as measured by the UPPS-P Impulsive Behavior Scale. Food addiction was inconsistently associated with disinhibition, as measured by behavioral tasks, indicating food addiction appears more aligned with self-report measures of impulsivity. CONCLUSIONS Research in this field is dominated by university student, overweight and obese samples. Additional research is required to further tease out these relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimee L Maxwell
- School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Mt Gravatt Campus, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Elliroma Gardiner
- School of Management, QUT Gardens Point, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Natalie J Loxton
- School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Mt Gravatt Campus, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Centre for Youth Substance Abuse Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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28
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Wang Y, Zuo J, Hao W, Shen H, Zhang X, Deng Q, Liu M, Zhao Z, Zhang L, Zhou Y, Li M, Liu T, Zhang X. Quality of Life in Patients With Methamphetamine Use Disorder: Relationship to Impulsivity and Drug Use Characteristics. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:579302. [PMID: 33192720 PMCID: PMC7555609 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.579302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The quality of life (QOL) of patients with methamphetamine use disorder (MAUD) is increasingly recognized as an important outcome. Previous studies have found that impulsivity is negatively associated with QOL in mental disorders, but this relationship is rarely confirmed in patients with MAUD. We hypothesized that impulsivity is negatively correlated with QOL in patients with MAUD based on previous findings. In addition, a variety of drug use characteristics of patients that may potentially affect their QOL need to be further explored. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between impulsivity, multiple drug use characteristics, and QOL in patients with MAUD. METHODS A total of 379 patients with MAUD were recruited, and the majority of them were male (85.5%), with an average age of 33.93 ± 7.08 years. Two psychiatrists conducted semi-structured interviews with methamphetamine (MA) users in two compulsory drug rehabilitation centers to obtain their demographics and drug use characteristics. The Barratt Impulsiveness Scale-11 (BIS-11) and Brief WHO Quality of Life Assessment (WHOQOL-BREF) were used to assess patients' impulsivity and QOL, respectively. Correlation and univariate regression analysis were used to explore the relationships between impulsivity, a series of drug use characteristics and patients' QOL in different domains. Further multiple linear regression analysis was used to identify what extent the above clinical variables explained the variations in patients' QOL. RESULTS Age, marital status, employment, and various drug use characteristics were significantly associated with at least one QOL domain. Among them, married and full-time job were positively correlated with QOL, while others were negatively correlated with QOL. The total score of BIS-11 was significantly negatively correlated with all four domains of QOL. Impulsivity, a range of drug use characteristics and certain demographic characteristics collectively explained varying degrees of variation in different domains of QOL. CONCLUSIONS Impulsivity and various drug use characteristics can significantly predict QOL in all fields of MAUD patients. In addition, we have also found differences in the predictors of QOL in different domains. Overall, this study provides clinical guidance for the treatment of MAUD patients, that is, management of impulsivity in patients with MAUD may help improve their QOL and even sustain their drug rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Wang
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and Department of Psychiatry, China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Institute of Mental Health and Hunan Medical Center for Mental Health, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jinsong Zuo
- College of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou, China
| | - Wei Hao
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and Department of Psychiatry, China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Institute of Mental Health and Hunan Medical Center for Mental Health, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hongxian Shen
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and Department of Psychiatry, China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Institute of Mental Health and Hunan Medical Center for Mental Health, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaojie Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and Department of Psychiatry, China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Institute of Mental Health and Hunan Medical Center for Mental Health, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qijian Deng
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and Department of Psychiatry, China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Institute of Mental Health and Hunan Medical Center for Mental Health, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Mengqi Liu
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and Department of Psychiatry, China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Institute of Mental Health and Hunan Medical Center for Mental Health, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhao
- Department of Medicine Addiction, Xinjiang Mental Health Center and Urumqi Fourth People's Hospital, Urumqi, China
| | - Lina Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and Department of Psychiatry, China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Institute of Mental Health and Hunan Medical Center for Mental Health, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yanan Zhou
- Department of Psychiatry, Brains Hospital of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Manyun Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and Department of Psychiatry, China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Institute of Mental Health and Hunan Medical Center for Mental Health, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Tieqiao Liu
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and Department of Psychiatry, China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Institute of Mental Health and Hunan Medical Center for Mental Health, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiangyang Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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29
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Zorrilla EP, Koob GF. Impulsivity Derived From the Dark Side: Neurocircuits That Contribute to Negative Urgency. Front Behav Neurosci 2019; 13:136. [PMID: 31293401 PMCID: PMC6603097 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2019.00136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Negative urgency is a unique dimension of impulsivity that involves acting rashly when in extreme distress and impairments in inhibitory control. It has been hypothesized to derive from stress that is related to negative emotional states that are experienced during the withdrawal/negative affect stage of the addiction cycle. Classically, a transition to compulsive drug use prevents or relieves negative emotional states that result from abstinence or stressful environmental circumstances. Recent work suggests that this shift to the "dark side" is also implicated in impulsive use that derives from negative urgency. Stress and anxious, depressed, and irritable mood have high comorbidity with addiction. They may trigger bouts of drug seeking in humans via both negative reinforcement and negative urgency. The neurocircuitry that has been identified in the "dark side" of addiction involves key neuropeptides in the central extended amygdala, including corticotropin-releasing factor. The present review article summarizes empirical and conceptual advances in the field to understand the role of the "dark side" in driving the risky and detrimental substance use that is associated with negative urgency in addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric P. Zorrilla
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - George F. Koob
- Neurobiology of Addiction Section, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, MD, United States
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30
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Gaffka BJ, Hassink SG, Santos M, Eneli I. Provider Observations of Youth with Early Onset Severe Obesity in Tertiary Care Obesity Programs. Child Obes 2018; 14:477-483. [PMID: 30156432 DOI: 10.1089/chi.2018.0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Over 2% of children between the ages of 2 and 5 have severe obesity; however, little is known about the characteristics of this population to guide healthcare professionals in providing care. An initial step is to examine observations of practitioners who manage children with severe early onset obesity in the clinical setting. METHODS A total of 72 interdisciplinary healthcare providers with experience providing obesity treatment to children under age 5 with severe obesity completed a semistructured online questionnaire. Participants responded to 10 open-ended questions about provider observations on several topics, including nutrition, eating behavior, activity, family structure and history, medical history, psychological conditions, and household routines. Data analysis was conducted using grounded theory methods. Emerging themes and subthemes were analyzed based on topics and provider discipline (e.g., medical, nursing, and psychology). RESULTS The most commonly observed and reported characteristic of young children with severe obesity was a parent-described dysfunctional approach to food, including frequent complaints about hunger, food seeking, and lack of satiety. Other characteristics included the presence of externalizing behaviors in the child such as temper tantrums and ADHD, developmental delays, medical comorbidities (e.g., asthma and sleep apnea), and unstructured home environments. CONCLUSIONS Drawing on the experience of an interdisciplinary group of healthcare providers, this is the first study to describe provider observations of the young child with severe early onset obesity. If validated, these observations can serve to illuminate areas for further education and inform potential clinical subtyping, providing an opportunity to identify target areas for intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethany J Gaffka
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan C.S. Mott Children's and Von Voigtlander Women's Hospital , Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Sandra G Hassink
- 2 American Academy of Pediatrics Institute on Healthy Childhood Weight , Elk Grove Village, IL
| | | | - Ihuoma Eneli
- 4 Center for Healthy Weight and Nutrition, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Ohio State University , Columbus, OH
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31
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The Maturation of Research on Psychosocial Outcomes Among Adolescents Receiving Bariatric Surgery. J Adolesc Health 2018; 63:127-128. [PMID: 30149921 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2018.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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