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Coenen A, Marti VG, Müller K, Sheremetiev M, Finamore L, Schörken U. Synthesis of Polymer Precursor 12-Oxododecenoic Acid Utilizing Recombinant Papaya Hydroperoxide Lyase in an Enzyme Cascade. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2022; 194:6194-6212. [PMID: 35904676 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-022-04095-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Hydroperoxide lyases (HPLs) catalyze the splitting of 13S-hydroperoxyoctadecadienoic acid (13S-HPODE) into the green note flavor hexanal and 12-oxo-9(Z)-dodecenoic acid, which is not yet used industrially. Here, HPL from Carica papaya (HPLCP) was cloned and functionally expressed in Escherichia coli to investigate synthesis of 12-oxo-9(Z)-dodecenoic acid in detail. To improve the low catalytic activity of full-length HPLCP, the hydrophobic, non-conserved N-terminal sequence was deleted. This enhanced enzyme activity from initial 10 to 40 U/l. With optimization of solubilization buffer, expression media enzyme activity was increased to 2700 U/l. The tetrameric enzyme was produced in a 1.5 l fermenter and enriched by affinity chromatography. The enzyme preparation possesses a slightly acidic pH optimum and a catalytic efficiency (kcat/KM) of 2.73 × 106 s-1·M-1 towards 13S-HPODE. Interestingly, HPLCP-N could be applied for the synthesis of 12-oxo-9(Z)-dodecenoic acid, and 1 mM of 13S-HPODE was transformed in just 10 s with a yield of 90%. At protein concentrations of 10 mg/ml, the slow formation of the 10(E)-isomer traumatin was observed, pointing to a non-enzymatic isomerization process. Bearing this in mind, a one-pot enzyme cascade starting from safflower oil was developed with consecutive addition of Pseudomonas fluorescens lipase, Glycine max lipoxygenase (LOX-1), and HPLCP-N. A yield of 43% was obtained upon fast extraction of the reaction mixtures after 1 min of HPLCP-N reaction. This work provides first insights into an enzyme cascade synthesis of 12-oxo-9(Z)-dodecenoic acid, which may serve as a bifunctional precursor for bio-based polymer synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Coenen
- TH Köln - Campus Leverkusen, Campusplatz 1, 51379, Leverkusen, Germany
| | | | - Kira Müller
- TH Köln - Campus Leverkusen, Campusplatz 1, 51379, Leverkusen, Germany
| | - Maria Sheremetiev
- TH Köln - Campus Leverkusen, Campusplatz 1, 51379, Leverkusen, Germany
| | - Lorenzo Finamore
- TH Köln - Campus Leverkusen, Campusplatz 1, 51379, Leverkusen, Germany
| | - Ulrich Schörken
- TH Köln - Campus Leverkusen, Campusplatz 1, 51379, Leverkusen, Germany.
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Gorina SS, Iljina TM, Mukhtarova LS, Toporkova YY, Grechkin AN. Detection of Unprecedented CYP74 Enzyme in Mammal: Hydroperoxide Lyase CYP74C44 of the Bat Sturnira hondurensis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23148009. [PMID: 35887355 PMCID: PMC9320521 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23148009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The genome of the neotropical fruit bat Sturnira hondurensis was recently sequenced, revealing an unexpected gene encoding a plant-like protein, CYP74C44, which shares ca. 90% sequence identity with the putative CYP74C of Populus trichocarpa. The preparation and properties of the recombinant CYP74C44 are described in the present work. The CYP74C44 enzyme was found to be active against the 13- and 9-hydroperoxides of linoleic and α-linolenic acids (13-HPOD, 13-HPOT, 9-HPOD, and 9-HPOT, respectively), as well as the 15-hydroperoxide of eicosapentaenoic acid (15-HPEPE). All substrates studied were specifically transformed into chain cleavage products that are typical for hydroperoxide lyases (HPLs). The HPL chain cleavage reaction was validated by the identification of NaBH4-reduced products (Me/TMS) of 15-HPEPE and 13- and 9-hydroperoxides as (all-Z)-14-hydroxy-5,8,11-tetradecatrienoic, (9Z)-12-hydroxy-9-dodecenoic, and 9-hydroxynonanoic acids (Me/TMS), respectively. Thus, CYP74C44 possessed the HPL activity that is typical for the CYP74C subfamily proteins.
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Optimizing the Production of Recombinant Hydroperoxide Lyase in Escherichia coli Using Statistical Design. Catalysts 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/catal11020176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydroperoxide lyase (HPL) catalyzes the synthesis of volatiles C6 or C9 aldehydes from fatty acid hydroperoxides. These short carbon chain aldehydes, known as green leaf volatiles (GLV), are widely used in cosmetic industries and as food additives because of their “fresh green” aroma. To meet the growing demand for natural GLVs, the use of recombinant HPL as a biocatalyst in enzyme-catalyzed processes appears to be an interesting application. Previously, we cloned and expressed a 13-HPL from olive fruit in Escherichia coli and showed high conversion rates (up to 94%) during the synthesis of C6 aldehydes. To consider a scale-up of this process, optimization of the recombinant enzyme production is necessary. In this study, four host-vector combinations were tested. Experimental design and response surface methodology (RSM) were used to optimize the expression conditions. Three factors were considered, i.e., temperature, inducer concentration and induction duration. The Box–Behnken design consisted of 45 assays for each expression system performed in deep-well microplates. The regression models were built and fitted well to the experimental data (R2 coefficient > 97%). The best response (production level of the soluble enzyme) was obtained with E. coli BL21 DE3 cells. Using the optimal conditions, 2277 U L−1of culture of the soluble enzyme was produced in microliter plates and 21,920 U L−1of culture in an Erlenmeyer flask, which represents a 79-fold increase compared to the production levels previously reported.
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Wang Y, Liu M, Ge D, Akhter Bhat J, Li Y, Kong J, Liu K, Zhao T. Hydroperoxide lyase modulates defense response and confers lesion-mimic leaf phenotype in soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.). THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 104:1315-1333. [PMID: 32996255 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Allene oxide synthase (AOS) and hydroperoxide lyase (HPL) are two important members of P450 enzymes metabolizing hydroperoxy fatty acid to produce jasmonates and aldehydes respectively, which function in response to diverse environmental and developmental stimuli. However, their exact roles in soybean have not been clarified. In present study, we identified a lesion-mimic mutant in soybean named NT302, which exhibits etiolated phenotype together with chlorotic and spontaneous lesions on leaves at R3 podding stage. The underlying gene was identified as GmHPL encoding hydroperoxide lyase by map-based cloning strategy. Sequence analysis demonstrated that a single nucleotide mutation created a premature termination codon (Gln20-Ter), which resulted in a truncated GmHPL protein in NT302. GmHPL RNA was significantly reduced in NT302 mutant, while genes in AOS branch of the 13-LOX pathway were up-regulated in NT302. The mutant exhibited higher susceptibility to bacterial leaf pustule (BLP) disease, but increased resistance against common cutworm (CCW) pest. GmHPL was significantly induced in response to MeJA, wounding, and CCW in wild type soybean. Virus induced gene silencing (VIGS) of GhHPL genes gave rise to similar lesion-mimic leaf phenotypes in upland cotton, coupled with upregulation of the expression of JA biosynthesis and JA-induced genes. Our study provides evidence that competition exist between HPL and AOS branches in 13-LOX pathway of the oxylipin metabolism in soybean, thereby plays essential roles in modulation of plant development and defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqi Wang
- Soybean Research Institute, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean, National Center for Soybean Improvement (Ministry of Agriculture), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Meifeng Liu
- Soybean Research Institute, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean, National Center for Soybean Improvement (Ministry of Agriculture), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Dongdong Ge
- National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Javaid Akhter Bhat
- Soybean Research Institute, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean, National Center for Soybean Improvement (Ministry of Agriculture), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yawei Li
- Soybean Research Institute, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean, National Center for Soybean Improvement (Ministry of Agriculture), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jiejie Kong
- Soybean Research Institute, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean, National Center for Soybean Improvement (Ministry of Agriculture), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Kang Liu
- National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Tuanjie Zhao
- Soybean Research Institute, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean, National Center for Soybean Improvement (Ministry of Agriculture), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
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Mushtaq R, Shahzad K, Shah ZH, Alsamadany H, Alzahrani HAS, Alzahrani Y, Mujtaba T, Ahmed Z, Mansoor S, Bashir A. Isolation of biotic stress resistance genes from cotton (Gossypium arboreum) and their analysis in model plant tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) for resistance against cotton leaf curl disease complex. J Virol Methods 2020; 276:113760. [PMID: 31712092 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2019.113760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cotton production is widely effected by Cotton Leaf Curl Virus (CLCuV) in world posing serious losses to cotton yield.The CRT genes from CLCuV resistant G. arboreum and CLCuV susceptible G. hirsutum were cloned and sequenced to know the differences of protein composition in both species. Molecular techniques were used to isolate full length putative biotic stress resistance genes from G. arboreum besides the analysis of identified novel genes in model plant tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) for resistance to cotton leaf curl disease complex. It was found that transgenic plants over expressing Hydroperoxidelyase (HPL) genes exhibited higher enzyme activity than wild type. In addition the genome sequence information was used for the purpose of gene isolation. Even for the enhanced expression of Calreticulin (CRT), AOS and HPL in G. hirsutum, it still showed susceptibility against CLCuV suggesting alternative genes and pathways involved for the expression of resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakhshanda Mushtaq
- Department of Biotechnology, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nilore, Islamabad, Pakistan; National Institute for Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, Pakistan.
| | - Khurram Shahzad
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, The University of Haripur, Pakistan.
| | - Zahid Hussain Shah
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, PirMehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Pakistan.
| | - Hameed Alsamadany
- Department of Biological Sciences, King Abdulaziz University Jeddah Saudi Arabia.
| | - Hind A S Alzahrani
- College of Science, Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Yahya Alzahrani
- Department of Biological Sciences, King Abdulaziz University Jeddah Saudi Arabia.
| | - Tahir Mujtaba
- Plant and Forest Biotechnology Umeå, Plant Science Centre, Swedish University of Agriculture Sciences, Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Zaheer Ahmed
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture Faisalabad Pakistan.
| | - Shahid Mansoor
- National Institute for Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, Pakistan.
| | - Aftab Bashir
- National Institute for Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, Pakistan; School of Life Sciences, Forman Christian College University, Lahore, Pakistan.
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6
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Chaudhari MB, Jayan K, Gnanaprakasam B. Sn-Catalyzed Criegee-Type Rearrangement of Peroxyoxindoles Enabled by Catalytic Dual Activation of Esters and Peroxides. J Org Chem 2020; 85:3374-3382. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b03160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Moreshwar B. Chaudhari
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune 411008, India
| | - Krishna Jayan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune 411008, India
| | - Boopathy Gnanaprakasam
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune 411008, India
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Stolterfoht H, Rinnofner C, Winkler M, Pichler H. Recombinant Lipoxygenases and Hydroperoxide Lyases for the Synthesis of Green Leaf Volatiles. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:13367-13392. [PMID: 31591878 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b02690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Green leaf volatiles (GLVs) are mainly C6- and in rare cases also C9-aldehydes, -alcohols, and -esters, which are released by plants in response to biotic or abiotic stresses. These compounds are named for their characteristic smell reminiscent of freshly mowed grass. This review focuses on GLVs and the two major pathway enzymes responsible for their formation: lipoxygenases (LOXs) and fatty acid hydroperoxide lyases (HPLs). LOXs catalyze the peroxidation of unsaturated fatty acids, such as linoleic and α-linolenic acids. Hydroperoxy fatty acids are further converted by HPLs into aldehydes and oxo-acids. In many industrial applications, plant extracts have been used as LOX and HPL sources. However, these processes are limited by low enzyme concentration, stability, and specificity. Alternatively, recombinant enzymes can be used as biocatalysts for GLV synthesis. The increasing number of well-characterized enzymes efficiently expressed by microbial hosts will foster the development of innovative biocatalytic processes for GLV production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly Stolterfoht
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology , Petersgasse 14 , 8010 Graz , Austria
| | - Claudia Rinnofner
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology , Petersgasse 14 , 8010 Graz , Austria
- bisy e.U. , Wetzawinkel 20 , 8200 Hofstaetten , Austria
| | - Margit Winkler
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology , Petersgasse 14 , 8010 Graz , Austria
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology , TU Graz, NAWI Graz, BioTechMed Graz , Petersgasse 14 , 8010 Graz , Austria
| | - Harald Pichler
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology , Petersgasse 14 , 8010 Graz , Austria
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology , TU Graz, NAWI Graz, BioTechMed Graz , Petersgasse 14 , 8010 Graz , Austria
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8
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Biocatalytic Synthesis of Natural Green Leaf Volatiles Using the Lipoxygenase Metabolic Pathway. Catalysts 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/catal9100873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In higher plants, the lipoxygenase enzymatic pathway combined actions of several enzymes to convert lipid substrates into signaling and defense molecules called phytooxylipins including short chain volatile aldehydes, alcohols, and esters, known as green leaf volatiles (GLVs). GLVs are synthesized from C18:2 and C18:3 fatty acids that are oxygenated by lipoxygenase (LOX) to form corresponding hydroperoxides, then the action of hydroperoxide lyase (HPL) produces C6 or C9 aldehydes that can undergo isomerization, dehydrogenation, and esterification. GLVs are commonly used as flavors to confer a fresh green odor of vegetable to perfumes, cosmetics, and food products. Given the increasing demand in these natural flavors, biocatalytic processes using the LOX pathway reactions constitute an interesting application. Vegetable oils, chosen for their lipid profile are converted in natural GLVs with high added value. This review describes the enzymatic reactions of GLVs biosynthesis in the plant, as well as the structural and functional properties of the enzymes involved. The various stages of the biocatalytic production processes are approached from the lipid substrate to the corresponding aldehyde or alcoholic aromas, as well as the biotechnological improvements to enhance the production potential of the enzymatic catalysts.
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Chaudhari MB, Chaudhary A, Kumar V, Gnanaprakasam B. The Rearrangement of Peroxides for the Construction of Fluorophoric 1,4-Benzoxazin-3-one Derivatives. Org Lett 2019; 21:1617-1621. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b00155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Moreshwar B. Chaudhari
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune-411008, Maharashtra, India
| | - Atul Chaudhary
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune-411008, Maharashtra, India
| | - Vishnupriya Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune-411008, Maharashtra, India
| | - Boopathy Gnanaprakasam
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune-411008, Maharashtra, India
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10
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Koeduka T. Functional evolution of biosynthetic enzymes that produce plant volatiles. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2018; 82:192-199. [PMID: 29338642 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2017.1422968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Plants synthesize volatile compounds to attract pollinators. The volatiles emitted by flowers are often complex mixtures of organic compounds; pollinators are capable of distinctly recognizing different volatile compounds. Plants also produce volatile compounds to protect themselves against herbivores and pathogens. Some of the volatile compounds produced in floral and vegetative tissues are toxic to insects and microbes. To adapt changes in the environment, plants have evolved the ability to synthesize a unique set of volatiles. Intensive studies have identified and characterized the enzymes responsible for the formation of plant volatiles. In particular, many biosynthetic genes have been isolated and their enzymatic functions have been proposed. This review describes how plants have evolved the biosynthetic pathways leading to the formation of green leaf volatiles and phenylpropene volatiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takao Koeduka
- a Graduate School of Sciences and Technology for Innovation (Agriculture), Department of Biological Chemistry , Yamaguchi University , Yamaguchi , Japan
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Toporkova YY, Gorina SS, Bessolitsyna EK, Smirnova EO, Fatykhova VS, Brühlmann F, Ilyina TM, Mukhtarova LS, Grechkin AN. Double function hydroperoxide lyases/epoxyalcohol synthases (CYP74C) of higher plants: identification and conversion into allene oxide synthases by site-directed mutagenesis. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2018; 1863:369-378. [PMID: 29325723 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2018.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/06/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The CYP74C subfamily of fatty acid hydroperoxide transforming enzymes includes hydroperoxide lyases (HPLs) and allene oxide synthases (AOSs). This work reports a new facet of the putative CYP74C HPLs. Initially, we found that the recombinant CYP74C13_MT (Medicago truncatula) behaved predominantly as the epoxyalcohol synthase (EAS) towards the 9(S)-hydroperoxide of linoleic acid. At the same time, the CYP74C13_MT mostly possessed the HPL activity towards the 13(S)-hydroperoxides of linoleic and α-linolenic acids. To verify whether this dualistic behaviour of CYP74C13_MT is occasional or typical, we also examined five similar putative HPLs (CYP74C). These were CYP74C4_ST (Solanum tuberosum), CYP74C2 (Cucumis melo), CYP74C1_CS and CYP74C31 (both of Cucumis sativus), and CYP74C13_GM (Glycine max). All tested enzymes behaved predominantly as EAS toward 9-hydroperoxide of linoleic acid. Oxiranyl carbinols such as (9S,10S,11S,12Z)-9,10-epoxy-11-hydroxy-12-octadecenoic acids were the major EAS products. Besides, the CYP74C31 possessed an additional minor 9-AOS activity. The mutant forms of CYP74C13_MT, CYP74C1_CS, and CYP74C31 with substitutions at the catalytically essential domains, namely the "hydroperoxide-binding domain" (I-helix), or the SRS-1 domain near the N-terminus, showed strong AOS activity. These HPLs to AOSs conversions were observed for the first time. Until now a large part of CYP74C enzymes has been considered as 9/13-HPLs. Notwithstanding, these results show that all studied putative CYP74C HPLs are in fact the versatile HPL/EASs that can be effortlessly mutated into specific AOSs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yana Y Toporkova
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 30, Kazan 420111, Russia.
| | - Svetlana S Gorina
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 30, Kazan 420111, Russia
| | - Elena K Bessolitsyna
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 30, Kazan 420111, Russia
| | - Elena O Smirnova
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 30, Kazan 420111, Russia
| | - Valeria S Fatykhova
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 30, Kazan 420111, Russia
| | - Fredi Brühlmann
- Firmenich SA, Corporate R&D, Route des Jeunes 1, CH-1211, Geneva 8, Switzerland
| | - Tatiana M Ilyina
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 30, Kazan 420111, Russia
| | - Lucia S Mukhtarova
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 30, Kazan 420111, Russia
| | - Alexander N Grechkin
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 30, Kazan 420111, Russia.
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12
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Savchenko T, Yanykin D, Khorobrykh A, Terentyev V, Klimov V, Dehesh K. The hydroperoxide lyase branch of the oxylipin pathway protects against photoinhibition of photosynthesis. PLANTA 2017; 245:1179-1192. [PMID: 28303390 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-017-2674-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This study describes a new role for hydroperoxide lyase branch of oxylipin biosynthesis pathway in protecting photosynthetic apparatus under high light conditions. Lipid-derived signaling molecules, oxylipins, produced by a multi-branch pathway are central in regulation of a wide range of functions. The two most known branches, allene oxide synthase (AOS) and 13-hydroperoxide lyase (HPL) pathways, are best recognized as producers of defense compounds against biotic challenges. In the present work, we examine the role of these two oxylipin branches in plant tolerance to the abiotic stress, namely excessive light. Towards this goal, we have analyzed variable chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of intact leaves of Arabidopsis thaliana genotypes with altered oxylipin profile, followed by examining the impact of exogenous application of selected oxylipins on functional activity of photosynthetic apparatus in intact leaves and isolated thylakoid membranes. Our findings unequivocally bridge the function of oxylipins to photosynthetic processes. Specifically, HPL overexpressing lines display enhanced adaptability in response to high light treatment as evidenced by lower rate constant of photosystem 2 (PS2) photoinhibition and higher rate constant of PS2 recovery after photoinhibition. In addition, exogenous application of linolenic acid, 13-hydroperoxy linolenic acid, 12-oxophytodienoic acid, and methyl jasmonate individually, suppresses photochemical activity of PS2 in intact plants and isolated thylakoid membranes, while application of HPL-branch metabolites-does not. Collectively these data implicate function of HPL branch of oxylipin biosynthesis pathway in guarding PS2 under high light conditions, potentially exerted through tight regulation of free linolenic acid and 13-hydroperoxy linolenic acid levels, as well as competition with production of metabolites by AOS-branch of the oxylipin pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatyana Savchenko
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, RAS, Institutskaya st., 2, Pushchino, 142290, Moscow Region, Russia.
- All-Russian Research Institute of Phytopathology, Institute st., 5, Odintsovo District, B. Vyazyomy, 143050, Moscow Region, Russia.
| | - Denis Yanykin
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, RAS, Institutskaya st., 2, Pushchino, 142290, Moscow Region, Russia
- All-Russian Research Institute of Phytopathology, Institute st., 5, Odintsovo District, B. Vyazyomy, 143050, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Andrew Khorobrykh
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, RAS, Institutskaya st., 2, Pushchino, 142290, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Vasily Terentyev
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, RAS, Institutskaya st., 2, Pushchino, 142290, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Vyacheslav Klimov
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, RAS, Institutskaya st., 2, Pushchino, 142290, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Katayoon Dehesh
- Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, and Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
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Jacopini S, Vincenti S, Mariani M, Brunini-Bronzini de Caraffa V, Gambotti C, Desjobert JM, Muselli A, Costa J, Tomi F, Berti L, Maury J. Activation and Stabilization of Olive Recombinant 13-Hydroperoxide Lyase Using Selected Additives. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2016; 182:1000-1013. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-016-2377-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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14
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Deng WW, Wu YL, Li YY, Tan Z, Wei CL. Molecular Cloning and Characterization of Hydroperoxide Lyase Gene in the Leaves of Tea Plant (Camellia sinensis). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:1770-1776. [PMID: 26886573 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b05748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Hydroperoxide lyase (HPL, E.C. 4.1.2.) is the major enzyme in the biosynthesis of natural volatile aldehydes and alcohols in plants, however, little was known about HPL in tea plants (Camellia sinensis). A unique cDNA fragment was isolated by suppressive subtractive hybridization (SSH) from a tea plant subjected to herbivory by tea geometrid Ectropis obliqua. This full length cDNA acquired by RACE was 1476 bp and encoded 491 amino acids. DNA and protein BLAST searches showed high homology to HPL sequences from other plants. The His-tag expression vector pET-32a(+)/CsHPL was constructed and transferred into Escherichia coli Rosetta (DE3). The expression product of recombinant CsHPL in E. coli was about 60 kDa. The enzyme activity of CsHPL was 0.20 μmol·min(-1)·mg(-1). Quantitative RT-PCR analysis indicated CsHPL was strongly up-regulated in tea plants after Ectropis obliqua attack, suggesting that it may be an important candidate for defense against insects in tea plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Wei Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University , 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China
| | - Yi-Lin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University , 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China
| | - Ye-Yun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University , 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China
| | - Zhen Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University , 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China
| | - Chao-Ling Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University , 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China
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Schuman MC, Valim HA, Joo Y. Temporal Dynamics of Plant Volatiles: Mechanistic Bases and Functional Consequences. SIGNALING AND COMMUNICATION IN PLANTS 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-33498-1_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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16
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Abstract
Most 'green' plants form green leaf volatiles (GLVs). GLVs are a familiar plant secondary metabolite, but knowledge of their physiological and ecological functions is limited. GLV formation is tightly suppressed when plant tissues are intact, but upon mechanical wounding, herbivore attack, or abiotic stresses, GLVs are formed rapidly, within seconds or minutes. Thus, this may be an important system for defense responses, allowing plants to protect themselves from damage as soon as possible. Because GLV formation in the natural environment is roughly related to the degree of stress in the plant life, sensing the amount of GLVs in the atmosphere might allow plants to recognize their surroundings. Because some plants respond to GLVs, they may communicate with GLVs. GLVs that contain α,β-unsaturated carbonyl groups might activate signaling systems regulated under the redox state of plant cells. Plasma membranes would also be targets of interactions with GLVs. Additionally, the metabolism of GLVs in plant cells after absorption from the atmosphere could also be classified as a plant-plant interaction.
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ul Hassan MN, Zainal Z, Ismail I. Green leaf volatiles: biosynthesis, biological functions and their applications in biotechnology. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2015; 13:727-39. [PMID: 25865366 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2014] [Revised: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Plants have evolved numerous constitutive and inducible defence mechanisms to cope with biotic and abiotic stresses. These stresses induce the expression of various genes to activate defence-related pathways that result in the release of defence chemicals. One of these defence mechanisms is the oxylipin pathway, which produces jasmonates, divinylethers and green leaf volatiles (GLVs) through the peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). GLVs have recently emerged as key players in plant defence, plant-plant interactions and plant-insect interactions. Some GLVs inhibit the growth and propagation of plant pathogens, including bacteria, viruses and fungi. In certain cases, GLVs released from plants under herbivore attack can serve as aerial messengers to neighbouring plants and to attract parasitic or parasitoid enemies of the herbivores. The plants that perceive these volatile signals are primed and can then adapt in preparation for the upcoming challenges. Due to their 'green note' odour, GLVs impart aromas and flavours to many natural foods, such as vegetables and fruits, and therefore, they can be exploited in industrial biotechnology. The aim of this study was to review the progress and recent developments in research on the oxylipin pathway, with a specific focus on the biosynthesis and biological functions of GLVs and their applications in industrial biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Naeem ul Hassan
- Faculty of Science and Technology, School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, University Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Zamri Zainal
- Faculty of Science and Technology, School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, University Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia
- Institute of Systems Biology (INBIOSIS), University Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia
| | - Ismanizan Ismail
- Faculty of Science and Technology, School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, University Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia
- Institute of Systems Biology (INBIOSIS), University Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia
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18
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Tang X, Lee J, Chen WN. Engineering the fatty acid metabolic pathway in Saccharomyces cerevisiae for advanced biofuel production. Metab Eng Commun 2015; 2:58-66. [PMID: 34150509 PMCID: PMC8193251 DOI: 10.1016/j.meteno.2015.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Revised: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatty acid-derived fuels and chemicals have attracted a great deal of attention in recent decades, due to their following properties of high compatibility to gasoline-based fuels and existing infrastructure for their direct utilization, storage and distribution. The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is the ideal biofuel producing candidate, based on the wealth of available genetic information and versatile tools designed to manipulate its metabolic pathways. Engineering the fatty acid metabolic pathways in S. cerevisiae is an effective strategy to increase its fatty acid biosynthesis and provide more pathway precursors for production of targeted products. This review summarizes the recent progress in metabolic engineering of yeast cells for fatty acids and fatty acid derivatives production, including the regulation of acetyl-CoA biosynthesis, NADPH production, fatty acid elongation, and the accumulation of activated precursors of fatty acids for converting enzymes. By introducing specific enzymes in the engineered strains, a powerful platform with a scalable, controllable and economic route for advanced biofuel production has been established. Recent progress in metabolic engineering for enhanced fatty acid production. Regulation of acetyl-CoA, NADPH pathway for fatty acid synthesis. Regulation of elongation and catabolic pathway to strength fatty acid synthesis. Enhanced production of activated precursors for fatty acid derivatives production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Tang
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637459, Singapore
| | - Jaslyn Lee
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637459, Singapore
| | - Wei Ning Chen
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637459, Singapore
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Savchenko TV, Zastrijnaja OM, Klimov VV. Oxylipins and plant abiotic stress resistance. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2015; 79:362-75. [PMID: 24910209 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297914040051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Oxylipins are signaling molecules formed enzymatically or spontaneously from unsaturated fatty acids in all aerobic organisms. Oxylipins regulate growth, development, and responses to environmental stimuli of organisms. The oxylipin biosynthesis pathway in plants includes a few parallel branches named after first enzyme of the corresponding branch as allene oxide synthase, hydroperoxide lyase, divinyl ether synthase, peroxygenase, epoxy alcohol synthase, and others in which various biologically active metabolites are produced. Oxylipins can be formed non-enzymatically as a result of oxygenation of fatty acids by free radicals and reactive oxygen species. Spontaneously formed oxylipins are called phytoprostanes. The role of oxylipins in biotic stress responses has been described in many published works. The role of oxylipins in plant adaptation to abiotic stress conditions is less studied; there is also obvious lack of available data compilation and analysis in this area of research. In this work we analyze data on oxylipins functions in plant adaptation to abiotic stress conditions, such as wounding, suboptimal light and temperature, dehydration and osmotic stress, and effects of ozone and heavy metals. Modern research articles elucidating the molecular mechanisms of oxylipins action by the methods of biochemistry, molecular biology, and genetics are reviewed here. Data on the role of oxylipins in stress signal transduction, stress-inducible gene expression regulation, and interaction of these metabolites with other signal transduction pathways in cells are described. In this review the general oxylipin-mediated mechanisms that help plants to adjust to a broad spectrum of stress factors are considered, followed by analysis of more specific responses regulated by oxylipins only under certain stress conditions. New approaches to improvement of plant resistance to abiotic stresses based on the induction of oxylipin-mediated processes are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- T V Savchenko
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290, Russia.
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20
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Li X, Chen WN. Proteomics analysis of metabolically engineered yeast cells and medium-chained hydrocarbon biofuel precursors synthesis. AMB Express 2014; 4:61. [PMID: 26054626 PMCID: PMC4884031 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-014-0061-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Accepted: 07/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, various biofuels have been synthesized through metabolic engineering approaches to meet the exploding energy demands. Hydrocarbon biofuels, energy-equivalent to petroleum-based fuels, are identified as promising replacements for petroleum. Metabolically engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae capable of synthesize precursors of medium-chained hydrocarbons is proposed in this study. The hydroperoxide pathway introduced in S. cerevisiae consisted of lipoxygenase (LOX) and hydroperoxide lyase (HPL) from almond, which catalyzes linoleic acid to 3(Z)-nonenal, the precursor for medium-chained hydrocarbon biofuels. Proteomics study showed that 31 proteins displayed different expression levels among four functional strains and most of them were related to carbohydrate metabolism and protein synthesis, suggested prospective capabilities of energy generation and exogenous protein synthesis. Biotransformation efficiency studies carried out by GC-FID were in accordance with the expectations. The highest yield of 3(Z)-nonenal was up to 1.21 ± 0.05 mg/L with the carbon recovery of up to 12.4%.
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21
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Rambla JL, Tikunov YM, Monforte AJ, Bovy AG, Granell A. The expanded tomato fruit volatile landscape. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2014; 65:4613-23. [PMID: 24692651 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eru128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The present review aims to synthesize our present knowledge about the mechanisms implied in the biosynthesis of volatile compounds in the ripe tomato fruit, which have a key role in tomato flavour. The difficulties in identifiying not only genes or genomic regions but also individual target compounds for plant breeding are addressed. Ample variability in the levels of almost any volatile compound exists, not only in the populations derived from interspecific crosses but also in heirloom varieties and even in commercial hybrids. Quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for all tomato aroma volatiles have been identified in collections derived from both intraspecific and interspecific crosses with different wild tomato species and they (i) fail to co-localize with structural genes in the volatile biosynthetic pathways and (ii) reveal very little coincidence in the genomic regions characterized, indicating that there is ample opportunity to reinforce the levels of the volatiles of interest. Some of the identified genes may be useful as markers or as biotechnological tools to enhance tomato aroma. Current knowledge about the major volatile biosynthetic pathways in the fruit is summarized. Finally, and based on recent reports, it is stressed that conjugation to other metabolites such as sugars seems to play a key role in the modulation of volatile release, at least in some metabolic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- José L Rambla
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, CSIC-Universidad Politécnica Valencia, Ingeniero Fausto Elio s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Yury M Tikunov
- Wageningen UR Plant Breeding, PO Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Antonio J Monforte
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, CSIC-Universidad Politécnica Valencia, Ingeniero Fausto Elio s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Arnaud G Bovy
- Wageningen UR Plant Breeding, PO Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Antonio Granell
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, CSIC-Universidad Politécnica Valencia, Ingeniero Fausto Elio s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
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22
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Savchenko T, Kolla VA, Wang CQ, Nasafi Z, Hicks DR, Phadungchob B, Chehab WE, Brandizzi F, Froehlich J, Dehesh K. Functional convergence of oxylipin and abscisic acid pathways controls stomatal closure in response to drought. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 164:1151-60. [PMID: 24429214 PMCID: PMC3938610 DOI: 10.1104/pp.113.234310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Membranes are primary sites of perception of environmental stimuli. Polyunsaturated fatty acids are major structural constituents of membranes that also function as modulators of a multitude of signal transduction pathways evoked by environmental stimuli. Different stresses induce production of a distinct blend of oxygenated polyunsaturated fatty acids, "oxylipins." We employed three Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) ecotypes to examine the oxylipin signature in response to specific stresses and determined that wounding and drought differentially alter oxylipin profiles, particularly the allene oxide synthase branch of the oxylipin pathway, responsible for production of jasmonic acid (JA) and its precursor 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid (12-OPDA). Specifically, wounding induced both 12-OPDA and JA levels, whereas drought induced only the precursor 12-OPDA. Levels of the classical stress phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) were also mainly enhanced by drought and little by wounding. To explore the role of 12-OPDA in plant drought responses, we generated a range of transgenic lines and exploited the existing mutant plants that differ in their levels of stress-inducible 12-OPDA but display similar ABA levels. The plants producing higher 12-OPDA levels exhibited enhanced drought tolerance and reduced stomatal aperture. Furthermore, exogenously applied ABA and 12-OPDA, individually or combined, promote stomatal closure of ABA and allene oxide synthase biosynthetic mutants, albeit most effectively when combined. Using tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and Brassica napus verified the potency of this combination in inducing stomatal closure in plants other than Arabidopsis. These data have identified drought as a stress signal that uncouples the conversion of 12-OPDA to JA and have revealed 12-OPDA as a drought-responsive regulator of stomatal closure functioning most effectively together with ABA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatyana Savchenko
- Department of Plant Biology , University of California, Davis, California 95616
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23
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Wan XH, Chen SX, Wang CY, Zhang RR, Cheng SQ, Meng HW, Shen XQ. Isolation, expression, and characterization of a hydroperoxide lyase gene from cucumber. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:22082-101. [PMID: 24213607 PMCID: PMC3856053 DOI: 10.3390/ijms141122082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Revised: 10/11/2013] [Accepted: 10/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A full-length cDNA coding for hydroperoxide lyase (CsHPL) was isolated from cucumber fruits of No. 26 (Southern China type) and No.14-1 (Northern China type), which differed significantly in fruit flavor. The deduced amino acid sequences of CsHPL from both lines show the same and significant similarity to known plant HPLs and contain typical conserved domains of HPLs. The recombinant CsHPL was confirmed to have 9/13-HPL enzymatic activity. Gene expression levels of CsHPL were measured in different organs, especially in fruits of different development stages of both lines. The HPL activities of fruit were identified basing on the catalytic action of crude enzyme extracts incubating with 13-HPOD (13-hydroperoxy-(9Z,12E)-octadecadienoic acid) and 13-HPOD + 9-HPOD (9-hydroperoxy-(10E,12Z)-octadecadienoic acid), and volatile reaction products were analyzed by GC-MS (gas chromatography-mass spectrometry). CsHPL gene expression in No. 26 fruit occurred earlier than that of total HPL enzyme activity and 13-HPL enzyme activity, and that in No. 14-1 fruit was consistent with total HPL enzyme activity and 9-HPL enzyme activity. 13-HPL enzyme activities decreased significantly and the 9-HPL enzyme activities increased significantly with fruit ripening in both lines, which accounted for the higher content of C6 aldehydes at 0–6 day post-anthesis (dpa) and higher content of C9 aldehydes at 9–12 dpa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Hua Wan
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Germplasm Resources Utilization in Northwest China, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
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24
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Scala A, Allmann S, Mirabella R, Haring MA, Schuurink RC. Green leaf volatiles: a plant's multifunctional weapon against herbivores and pathogens. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:17781-811. [PMID: 23999587 PMCID: PMC3794753 DOI: 10.3390/ijms140917781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 233] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2013] [Revised: 08/06/2013] [Accepted: 08/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants cannot avoid being attacked by an almost infinite number of microorganisms and insects. Consequently, they arm themselves with molecular weapons against their attackers. Plant defense responses are the result of a complex signaling network, in which the hormones jasmonic acid (JA), salicylic acid (SA) and ethylene (ET) are the usual suspects under the magnifying glass when researchers investigate host-pest interactions. However, Green Leaf Volatiles (GLVs), C6 molecules, which are very quickly produced and/or emitted upon herbivory or pathogen infection by almost every green plant, also play an important role in plant defenses. GLVs are semiochemicals used by insects to find their food or their conspecifics. They have also been reported to be fundamental in indirect defenses and to have a direct effect on pests, but these are not the only roles of GLVs. These volatiles, being probably one of the fastest weapons exploited, are also able to directly elicit or prime plant defense responses. Moreover, GLVs, via crosstalk with phytohormones, mostly JA, can influence the outcome of the plant’s defense response against pathogens. For all these reasons GLVs should be considered as co-protagonists in the play between plants and their attackers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Robert C. Schuurink
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +31-20-5257-933; Fax: +31-20-5257-934
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25
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Isolation and characterization of two hydroperoxide lyase genes from grape berries : HPL isogenes in Vitis vinifera grapes. Mol Biol Rep 2012; 39:7443-55. [PMID: 22318551 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-012-1577-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2010] [Accepted: 01/30/2012] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
C6 compounds are the major fraction of the volatile profiles of grape berries, contributing the typical 'green' aroma to the grape and wine. Hydroperoxide lyase (HPL) catalyzes the cleavage of fatty acid hydroperoxides to produce C6 compounds. Two hypothetical genes, VvHPL1 and VvHPL2 were cloned from grape berries (Vitis vinifera L. Cabernet Sauvignon). Bioinformatics analysis revealed that the proteins encoded by these two genes both belong to subfamily of cytochrome P450 and contain typical conserved domains of HPLs, and have high identity with HPLs from other plants. Prokaryotically-expressed VvHPL1 and VvHPL2 with thioredoxin-6xHis-fusion partner were confirmed to have enzymatic activity. VvHPL1 is specific for 13-HPOD (T) producing C6 aldehydes with relatively higher activity and VvHPL2 catalyzes the cleavage of both 9- and 13-hydroperoxides producing C6 aldehydes and C9 aldehydes respectively. Analysis of real time-PCR showed that VvHPL2 was highly expressed in the leaves and the flowers of the grapes, while relatively low transcript abundance was detected in the berries, tendril and stems; VvHPL1 had high expression in all detected tissues. During grape berry development, the expression of these two isogenes presented similar trends with a rapid increase after veraison and a decrease at full-ripen stage, which roughly corresponded to the accumulation of their volatile products. These data lay an essential foundation for further study on the accumulation and control of C6 volatiles in grape berries.
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De Domenico S, Bonsegna S, Lenucci MS, Poltronieri P, Di Sansebastiano GP, Santino A. Localization of seed oil body proteins in tobacco protoplasts reveals specific mechanisms of protein targeting to leaf lipid droplets. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2011; 53:858-68. [PMID: 21951961 DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-7909.2011.01077.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Oleosin, caleosin and steroleosin are normally expressed in developing seed cells and are targeted to oil bodies. In the present work, the cDNA of each gene tagged with fluorescent proteins was transiently expressed into tobacco protoplasts and the fluorescent patterns observed by confocal laser scanning microscopy. Our results indicated clear differences in the endocellular localization of the three proteins. Oleosin and caleosin both share a common structure consisting of a central hydrophobic domain flanked by two hydrophilic domains and were correctly targeted to lipid droplets (LD), whereas steroleosin, characterized by an N-terminal oil body anchoring domain, was mainly retained in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Protoplast fractionation on sucrose gradients indicated that both oleosin and caleosin-green fluorescent protein (GFP) peaked at different fractions than where steroleosin-GFP or the ER marker binding immunoglobulin protein (BiP), were recovered. Chemical analysis confirmed the presence of triacylglycerols in one of the fractions where oleosin-GFP was recovered. Finally, only oleosin- and caleosin-GFP were able to reconstitute artificial oil bodies in the presence of triacylglycerols and phospholipids. Taken together, our results pointed out for the first time that leaf LDs can be separated by the ER and both oleosin or caleosin are selectively targeted due to the existence of selective mechanisms controlling protein association with these organelles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania De Domenico
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production C.N.R. Unit of Lecce, via Monteroni, Lecce 73100, Italy
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27
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Hughes RK, De Domenico S, Santino A. Plant cytochrome CYP74 family: biochemical features, endocellular localisation, activation mechanism in plant defence and improvements for industrial applications. Chembiochem 2009; 10:1122-33. [PMID: 19322850 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.200800633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Not just another P450: Shown here is a model of the overall structure of CYP74C3 with the putative membrane-binding region that is required for enzyme activation. Members of the CYP74 family of cytochrome P450 enzymes are specialised in the metabolism of hydroperoxides and play an important role in oxylipin metabolism, which is one of the main defence mechanisms employed by plants. In order to respond to their rapidly changing environments, plants have evolved complex signalling pathways, which enable tight control over stress responses. Recent work has shed new light on one of these pathways that involves the different classes of plant oxylipins that are produced through the CYP74 pathway. These phytochemicals play an important role in plant defence, and can act as direct antimicrobials or as signalling molecules that inducing the expression of defence genes. The fine-tuning regulation of defence responses, which depends on the precise cross-talk among different signalling pathways, has important consequences for plant fitness and is a new, challenging area of research. In this review we focus on new data relating to the physiological significance of different phyto-oxylipins and related enzymes. Moreover, recent advances in the biotechnological production of oxylipins are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard K Hughes
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk NR4 7UH, UK.
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Mosblech A, Feussner I, Heilmann I. Oxylipins: structurally diverse metabolites from fatty acid oxidation. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2009; 47:511-7. [PMID: 19167233 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2008.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 255] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2008] [Revised: 11/13/2008] [Accepted: 12/08/2008] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Oxylipins are lipophilic signaling molecules derived from the oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Initial fatty acid oxidation occurs mainly by the enzymatic or chemical formation of fatty acid hydroperoxides. An array of alternative reactions further converting fatty acid hydroperoxides gives rise to a multitude of oxylipin classes, many with reported signaling functions in plants. Oxylipins include the phytohormone, jasmonic acid, and a number of other molecules including hydroxy-, oxo- or keto-fatty acids or volatile aldehydes that may perform various biological roles as second messengers, messengers in inter-organismic signaling, or even as bactericidal agents. The structural diversity of oxylipins is further increased by esterification of the compounds in plastidial glycolipids, for instance the Arabidopsides, or by conjugation of oxylipins to amino acids or other metabolites. The enzymes involved in oxylipin metabolism are diverse and comprise a multitude of examples with interesting and unusual catalytic properties. In addition, the interplay of different subcellular compartments during oxylipin biosynthesis suggests complex mechanisms of regulation that are not well understood. This review aims at giving an overview of plant oxylipins and the multitude of enzymes responsible for their biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Mosblech
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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Dhandhukia PC, Thakkar VR. Response surface methodology to optimize the nutritional parameters for enhanced production of jasmonic acid by Lasiodiplodia theobromae. J Appl Microbiol 2008; 105:636-43. [PMID: 18397253 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2008.03803.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To find out the cumulative effect of the nutritional parameters and to enhance the production of jasmonic acid (JA) in static fermentation by Lasiodiplodia theobromae using response surface methodology (RSM). METHOD AND RESULTS Malt extract, sucrose, NaNO(3) and MgSO(4).7H(2)O were analysed by a 30-trial central composite design using RSM for optimizing their concentrations in the medium and the effect of their mutual interaction on JA production. Sucrose and NaNO(3) were found highly significant in influencing the JA production. Malt extract and MgSO(4).7H(2)O showed an effect on the JA production in interaction with other variables. When the optimum values of the parameters obtained through RSM (19.95 g l(-1) malt extract, 50 g l(-1) sucrose, 7.5 g l(-1) NaNO(3) and 3.51 g l(-1) MgSO(4).7H(2)O) were applied, 32% increase in JA production (299 mg l(-1)) was observed in comparison with 225 mg l(-1) of JA produced with same media components not analysed by RSM and subsequently validated the statistical model. CONCLUSIONS Increase in JA production was achieved by optimizing the nutritional parameters. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This is the first report of using RSM for optimizing a medium for JA production. It resulted in an increase in JA production without augmentation of costly additives.
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Affiliation(s)
- P C Dhandhukia
- Lab#302B, BRD School of Biosciences, Sardar Patel University, Gujarat, India.
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De Domenico S, Tsesmetzis N, Di Sansebastiano GP, Hughes RK, Casey R, Santino A. Subcellular localisation of Medicago truncatula 9/13-hydroperoxide lyase reveals a new localisation pattern and activation mechanism for CYP74C enzymes. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2007; 7:58. [PMID: 17983471 PMCID: PMC2180173 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2229-7-58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2007] [Accepted: 11/05/2007] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hydroperoxide lyase (HPL) is a key enzyme in plant oxylipin metabolism that catalyses the cleavage of polyunsaturated fatty acid hydroperoxides produced by the action of lipoxygenase (LOX) to volatile aldehydes and oxo acids. The synthesis of these volatile aldehydes is rapidly induced in plant tissues upon mechanical wounding and insect or pathogen attack. Together with their direct defence role towards different pathogens, these compounds are believed to play an important role in signalling within and between plants, and in the molecular cross-talk between plants and other organisms surrounding them. We have recently described the targeting of a seed 9-HPL to microsomes and putative lipid bodies and were interested to compare the localisation patterns of both a 13-HPL and a 9/13-HPL from Medicago truncatula, which were known to be expressed in leaves and roots, respectively. RESULTS To study the subcellular localisation of plant 9/13-HPLs, a set of YFP-tagged chimeric constructs were prepared using two M. truncatula HPL cDNAs and the localisation of the corresponding chimeras were verified by confocal microscopy in tobacco protoplasts and leaves. Results reported here indicated a distribution of M.truncatula 9/13-HPL (HPLF) between cytosol and lipid droplets (LD) whereas, as expected, M.truncatula 13-HPL (HPLE) was targeted to plastids. Notably, such endocellular localisation has not yet been reported previously for any 9/13-HPL. To verify a possible physiological significance of such association, purified recombinant HPLF was used in activation experiments with purified seed lipid bodies. Our results showed that lipid bodies can fully activate HPLF. CONCLUSION We provide evidence for the first CYP74C enzyme, to be targeted to cytosol and LD. We also showed by sedimentation and kinetic analyses that the association with LD or lipid bodies can result in the protein conformational changes required for full activation of the enzyme. This activation mechanism, which supports previous in vitro work with synthetic detergent micelle, fits well with a mechanism for regulating the rate of release of volatile aldehydes that is observed soon after wounding or tissue disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania De Domenico
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production C.N.R. Section of Lecce, via Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | | | - Gian Pietro Di Sansebastiano
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche ed Ambientali, Università del Salento, via Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | | | - Rod Casey
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Angelo Santino
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production C.N.R. Section of Lecce, via Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy
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Matsui K, Ishii M, Sasaki M, Rabinowitch HD, Ben-Oliel G. Identification of an allele attributable to formation of cucumber-like flavor in wild tomato species (Solanum pennellii) that was inactivated during domestication. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2007; 55:4080-6. [PMID: 17439147 DOI: 10.1021/jf063756b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Carbon 6 (C6)-aldehydes formed by fatty acid 13-hydroperoxide lyase (13HPL) specific to fatty acid 13-hydroperoxides (13-HPO) are important flavor constituents in fresh tomato fruits. C9-aldehydes are usually formed by 9/13HPL showing dual specificity to 9- and 13-HPOs and are scarcely found in tomato fruits. Mature red fruits of one of the introgression lines, IL1-4, generated by hybridization of a cultivated tomato (Solanum lycopersicon) to its wild relative Solanum pennellii, form high amounts of C9-aldehydes upon homogenization. The IL1-4 fruits showed high 9/13HPL activity. One of the genes isolated from IL1-4 showed a high similarity to plant 9/13HPLs. Recombinant proteins expressed in Escherichia coli showed 9/13HPL activity. Cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence analyses indicated that the gene was specific to IL1-4 and S. pennellii. S. lycopersicon had a gene having high similarity to the S. pennellii gene. It was absent in IL1-4. Among the differences of amino acid residues found between the two genes, a Cys to Ser exchange may be responsible for the inactivation of resultant protein product of S. lycopersicon gene because the Cys is an essential amino acid residue for HPL activity. From these observations, it could be assumed that a tomato gene corresponding to S. pennellii 9/13HPL gene had been inactivated through domestication of tomatoes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Matsui
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, and Applied Molecular Bioscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yoshida 1677-1, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan.
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Matsui K. Green leaf volatiles: hydroperoxide lyase pathway of oxylipin metabolism. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2006; 9:274-80. [PMID: 16595187 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2006.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 396] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2005] [Accepted: 03/21/2006] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Green leaf volatiles (GLVs) are C(6) aldehydes, alcohols, and their esters formed through the hydroperoxide lyase pathway of oxylipin metabolism. Plants start to form GLVs after disruption of their tissues and after suffering biotic or abiotic stresses. GLV formation is thought to be regulated at the step of lipid-hydrolysis, which provides free fatty acids to the pathway. Recently, studies dissecting the physiological significance of GLVs in plants have emerged, and it has been postulated that GLVs are important molecules both for signaling within and between plants and for allowing plants and other organisms surrounding them to recognize or compete with each other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Matsui
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan.
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Chehab EW, Raman G, Walley JW, Perea JV, Banu G, Theg S, Dehesh K. Rice HYDROPEROXIDE LYASES with unique expression patterns generate distinct aldehyde signatures in Arabidopsis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2006; 141:121-34. [PMID: 16531481 PMCID: PMC1459319 DOI: 10.1104/pp.106.078592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2006] [Revised: 03/01/2006] [Accepted: 03/02/2006] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
HYDROPEROXIDE LYASE (HPL) genes encode enzymes that catalyze the cleavage of fatty acid hydroperoxides into aldehydes and oxoacids. There are three HPLs in rice (Oryza sativa), designated OsHPL1 through OsHPL3. To explore the possibility of differential functional activities among these genes, we have examined their expression patterns and biochemical properties of their encoded products. Transcript analysis indicates that these genes have distinct patterns and levels of expression. OsHPL1 is ubiquitously expressed, OsHPL2 is expressed in the leaves and leaf sheaths, whereas OsHPL3 is wound inducible and expressed exclusively in leaves. OsHPLs also differ in their substrate preference as determined by in vitro enzyme assays using 9-/13-hydroperoxy linolenic and 9-/13-hydroperoxy linoleic acids as substrates. OsHPL1 and OsHPL2 metabolize 9-/13-hydroperoxides, whereas OsHPL3 metabolizes 13-hydroperoxy linolenic acid exclusively. Sequence alignments of the HPL enzymes have identified signature residues potentially responsible for the substrate specificity/preference of these enzymes. All three OsHPLs are chloroplast localized as determined by chloroplast import assays and green fluorescent protein (GFP) fusion studies. Aldehyde measurements in transgenic Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) plants overexpressing individual OsHPL-GFP fusions indicate that all rice HPLs are functional in a heterologous system, and each of them generates a distinct signature of the metabolites. Interestingly, these aldehydes were only detectable in leaves, but not in roots, despite similar levels of OsHPL-GFP proteins in both tissues. Similarly, there were undetectable levels of aldehydes in rice roots, in spite of the presence of OsHPL1 transcripts. Together, these data suggest that additional tissue-specific mechanism(s) beyond transcript and HPL enzyme abundance, regulate the levels of HPL-derived metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- E W Chehab
- Section of Plant Biology, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
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