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Mohanta TK, Mohanta YK, Kaushik P, Kumar J. Physiology, genomics, and evolutionary aspects of desert plants. J Adv Res 2024; 58:63-78. [PMID: 37160225 PMCID: PMC10982872 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2023.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the exposure to arid environmental conditions across the globe ultimately hampering the sustainability of the living organism, few plant species are equipped with several unique genotypic, biochemical, and physiological features to counter such harsh conditions. Physiologically, they have evolved with reduced leaf size, spines, waxy cuticles, thick leaves, succulent hydrenchyma, sclerophyll, chloroembryo, and photosynthesis in nonfoliar and other parts. At the biochemical level, they are evolved to perform efficient photosynthesis through Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) and C4 pathways with the formation of oxaloacetic acid (Hatch-Slack pathway) instead of the C3 pathway. Additionally, comparative genomics with existing data provides ample evidence of the xerophytic plants' positive selection to adapt to the arid environment. However, adding more high-throughput sequencing of xerophyte plant species is further required for a comparative genomic study toward trait discovery related to survival. Learning from the mechanism to survive in harsh conditions could pave the way to engineer crops for future sustainable agriculture. AIM OF THE REVIEW The distinct physiology of desert plants allows them to survive in harsh environments. However, the genomic composition also contributes significantly to this and requires great attention. This review emphasizes the physiological and genomic adaptation of desert plants. Other important parameters, such as desert biodiversity and photosynthetic strategy, are also discussed with recent progress in the field. Overall, this review discusses the different features of desert plants, which prepares them for harsh conditions intending to translate knowledge to engineer plant species for sustainable agriculture. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW This review comprehensively presents the physiology, molecular mechanism, and genomics of desert plants aimed towards engineering a sustainable crop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapan Kumar Mohanta
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa 611, Oman.
| | - Yugal Kishore Mohanta
- Dept. of Applied Biology, University of Science and Technology Meghalaya, Baridua, Meghalaya 793101, India
| | - Prashant Kaushik
- Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana, 125004, India
| | - Jitesh Kumar
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108, United States
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Sydow P, Murren CJ. Above and belowground phenotypic response to exogenous auxin across Arabidopsis thaliana mutants and natural accessions varies from seedling to reproductive maturity. PeerJ 2024; 12:e16873. [PMID: 38348101 PMCID: PMC10860551 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Plant hormones influence phenology, development, and function of above and belowground plant structures. In seedlings, auxin influences the initiation and development of lateral roots and root systems. How auxin-related genes influence root initiation at early life stages has been investigated from numerous perspectives. There is a gap in our understanding of how these genes influence root size through the life cycle and in mature plants. Across development, the influence of a particular gene on plant phenotypes is partly regulated by the addition of a poly-A tail to mRNA transcripts via alternative polyadenylation (APA). Auxin related genes have documented variation in APA, with auxin itself contributing to APA site switches. Studies of the influence of exogenous auxin on natural plant accessions and mutants of auxin pathway gene families exhibiting variation in APA are required for a more complete understanding of genotype by development by hormone interactions in whole plant and fitness traits. Methods We studied Arabidopsis thaliana homozygous mutant lines with inserts in auxin-related genes previously identified to exhibit variation in number of APA sites. Our growth chamber experiment included wildtype Col-0 controls, mutant lines, and natural accession phytometers. We applied exogenous auxin through the life cycle. We quantified belowground and aboveground phenotypes in 14 day old, 21 day old seedlings and plants at reproductive maturity. We contrasted root, rosette and flowering phenotypes across wildtype, auxin mutant, and natural accession lines, APA groups, hormone treatments, and life stages using general linear models. Results The root systems and rosettes of mutant lines in auxin related genes varied in response to auxin applications across life stages and varied between genotypes within life stages. In seedlings, exposure to auxin decreased size, but increased lateral root density, whereas at reproductive maturity, plants displayed greater aboveground mass and total root length. These differences may in part be due to a shift which delayed the reproductive stage when plants were treated with auxin. Root traits of auxin related mutants depended on the number of APA sites of mutant genes and the plant's developmental stage. Mutants with inserts in genes with many APA sites exhibited lower early seedling belowground biomass than those with few APA sites but only when exposed to exogenous auxin. As we observed different responses to exogenous auxin across the life cycle, we advocate for further studies of belowground traits and hormones at reproductive maturity. Studying phenotypic variation of genotypes across life stages and hormone environments will uncover additional shared patterns across traits, assisting efforts to potentially reach breeding targets and enhance our understanding of variation of genotypes in natural systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Sydow
- Department of Biology, College of Charleston, Charleston, SC, United States
- Department of Plant Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Courtney J. Murren
- Department of Biology, College of Charleston, Charleston, SC, United States
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Deng M, Li B, Pan Y, Chen W, He T, Rong J, Chen L, Zheng Y. Effects of Different Heterogeneous Nutrient Environments on the Growth and Activities of Enzymes in the Roots of Fokienia hodginsii Families. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:4152. [PMID: 38140477 PMCID: PMC10747902 DOI: 10.3390/plants12244152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Currently, research on the F. hodginsii asexual lineage primarily focuses on the screening of growth traits and the control of single fertilizer applications. The effects of the heterogeneity of soil nutrients on root growth and activity have not been studied in detail. Therefore, we propose forest management measures to improve the foraging ability of forest trees in conjunction with stand productivity. In this experiment, annual containerized seedlings of 10 free-pollinated F. hodginsii lines from a primary asexual seed orchard were used as test subjects, and three heterogeneous nutrient environments of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) were constructed. In contrast, homogeneous nutrient environments were used as the control to carry out potting experiments, to study the growth of F. hodginsii lines and the differences in the activities of root enzymes under the three heterogeneous nutrient environments, and to carry out the comprehensive evaluation using the principal component and cluster analysis method. The results were as follows: (1) The seedling height of F. hodginsii family lines under a homogeneous nutrient environment was significantly higher than that of all heterogeneous nutrient environments; the diameter of the ground was the highest under N heterogeneous nutrient environment and significantly higher than that of all the other nutrient environments; the biomass of the root system was the highest under P heterogeneous nutrient environment, which was significantly higher than that of homogeneous nutrient environment and K heterogeneous nutrient environment. The catalase (CAT) activity of F. hodginsii roots was higher than that of homogeneous nutrients in all heterogeneous nutrient environments but not significant, and the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was slightly higher than that of K heterogeneous and homogeneous nutrient environments in N and P heterogeneous nutrient environments. SOD activity was slightly higher than that of K heterogeneous and homogeneous nutrient environments under N, and P. peroxidase (POD) activity in the F. hodginsii root system was the highest under the P heterogeneous nutrient environment, which was significantly higher than that of the other nutrient environments. Unlike the activities of the enzymes, the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) in the roots of F. hodginsii was higher in the heterogeneous environment than in all the other nutrient environments. (2) Under N and P heterogeneous nutrient environments, lines 552 and 590 had higher seedling height, ground diameter, and root enzyme activity, while root biomass was highest in line 544; and under K heterogeneous nutrient environments, line 591 had higher seedling height, ground diameter, and root enzyme activity while root biomass was highest in line 551. In contrast to the patterns of seedling height, accumulation of root biomass and activities of root enzymes, family No. 590 had the highest ground diameter of all the F. hodginsii families under the heterogeneous nutrient environments. Family No. 547 had the highest MDA content. In conclusion, it can be seen that N heterogeneous and homogeneous nutrient environments can significantly increase the seedling height and diameter of F. hodginsii compared with P and K heterogeneous nutrient environments, and N and P heterogeneous nutrient environments can also increase the root biomass, root enzyme activities and significantly reduce the MDA content of F. hodginsii. According to the principal component analysis and cluster analysis, it can be seen that among the 10 F. hodginsii family lines, family lines 590 and 552 have higher evaluation in growth, root biomass accumulation, and enzyme activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yushan Zheng
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (M.D.); (B.L.); (Y.P.); (W.C.); (T.H.); (J.R.); (L.C.)
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Speißer B, van Kleunen M. Plants forage for soil patches free of plastic pollution but cannot bag the profits. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18506. [PMID: 37898611 PMCID: PMC10613303 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45662-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Microplastics can affect their surroundings physically and chemically, resulting in diverse effects on plant-soil systems. Similar to other substances (e.g. nutrients and water), microplastics in the environment occur in patches. Such heterogeneous distributions could affect plant responses to plastic pollution. Yet, this has remained untested. We conducted a multispecies experiment including 29 herbaceous plant species and three different microplastic treatments (a control without microplastics, a homogeneous and a heterogeneous microplastic distribution). Based on biomass and root-morphological traits, we assessed how different plastic distributions affect the performance and root-foraging behavior of plants, and whether stronger root foraging is beneficial when microplastics are distributed patchily. Next to general effects on plant productivity and root morphology, we found very strong evidence for root-foraging responses to patchy plastic distributions, with a clear preference for plastic-free patches, resulting in 25% longer roots and 20% more root biomass in the plastic-free patches. Interestingly, however, these foraging responses were correlated with a reduced plant performance, indicating that the benefits of plastic avoidance did not compensate for the associated investments. Our results provide new insights in plant-microplastic interactions and suggest that plants might not just be passively affected by but could also actively respond to environmental plastic pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt Speißer
- Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78464, Constance, Germany.
| | - Mark van Kleunen
- Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78464, Constance, Germany
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou University, Taizhou, 318000, China
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Wang HQ, Zhao XY, Xuan W, Wang P, Zhao FJ. Rice roots avoid asymmetric heavy metal and salinity stress via an RBOH-ROS-auxin signaling cascade. MOLECULAR PLANT 2023; 16:1678-1694. [PMID: 37735869 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2023.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Root developmental plasticity is crucial for plants to adapt to a changing soil environment, where nutrients and abiotic stress factors are distributed heterogeneously. How plant roots sense and avoid heterogeneous abiotic stress in soil remains unclear. Here, we show that, in response to asymmetric stress of heavy metals (cadmium, copper, or lead) and salt, rice roots rapidly proliferate lateral roots (LRs) in the stress-free area, thereby remodeling root architecture to avoid localized stress. Imaging and quantitative analyses of reactive oxygen species (ROS) showed that asymmetric stress induces a ROS burst in the tips of the exposed roots and simultaneously triggers rapid systemic ROS signaling to the unexposed roots. Addition of a ROS scavenger to either the stressed or stress-free area abolished systemic ROS signaling and LR proliferation induced by asymmetric stress. Asymmetric stress also enhanced cytosolic calcium (Ca2+) signaling; blocking Ca2+signaling inhibited systemic ROS propagation and LR branching in the stress-free area. We identified two plasma-membrane-localized respiratory burst oxidase homologs, OsRBOHA and OsRBOHI, as key players in systemic ROS signaling under asymmetric stress. Expression of OsRBOHA and OsRBOHI in roots was upregulated by Cd stress, and knockout of either gene reduced systemic ROS signaling and LR proliferation under asymmetric stress. Furthermore, we demonstrated that auxin signaling and cell wall remodeling act downstream of the systemic ROS signaling to promote LR development. Collectively, our study reveals an RBOH-ROS-auxin signaling cascade that enables rice roots to avoid localized stress of heavy metals and salt and provides new insight into root system plasticity in heterogenous soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Qing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xing-Yu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Wei Xuan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Peng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Fang-Jie Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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Potential Roles of Soil Microorganisms in Regulating the Effect of Soil Nutrient Heterogeneity on Plant Performance. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10122399. [PMID: 36557652 PMCID: PMC9786772 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10122399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The spatially heterogeneous distribution of soil nutrients is ubiquitous in terrestrial ecosystems and has been shown to promote the performance of plant communities, influence species coexistence, and alter ecosystem nutrient dynamics. Plants interact with diverse soil microbial communities that lead to an interdependent relationship (e.g., symbioses), driving plant community productivity, belowground biodiversity, and soil functioning. However, the potential role of the soil microbial communities in regulating the effect of soil nutrient heterogeneity on plant growth has been little studied. Here, we highlight the ecological importance of soil nutrient heterogeneity and microorganisms and discuss plant nutrient acquisition mechanisms in heterogeneous soil. We also examine the evolutionary advantages of nutrient acquisition via the soil microorganisms in a heterogeneous environment. Lastly, we highlight a three-way interaction among the plants, soil nutrient heterogeneity, and soil microorganisms and propose areas for future research priorities. By clarifying the role of soil microorganisms in shaping the effect of soil nutrient heterogeneity on plant performance, the present study enhances the current understanding of ecosystem nutrient dynamics in the context of patchily distributed soil nutrients.
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Mobley ML, Kruse AS, McNickle GG. Pisum sativum has no competitive responses to neighbors: A case study in (non)reproducible plant biology. PLANT DIRECT 2022; 6:e411. [PMID: 36284734 PMCID: PMC9587407 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Plant-plant competition is ubiquitous in nature. However, studying below ground behavior of roots has always posed certain difficulties. Pea (Pisum sativum L.) has become a common study species for questions about how plant roots respond to neighboring plant roots and barriers in soil. However, published results point in several different directions. This has sometimes been interpreted as pea having sophisticated context dependent responses that can change in complex ways depending on its surroundings, but it could also just point to small statistical power resulting in type I or II statistical errors. To explore this further, here, we combine the result of five new experiments with published results to examine 18 unique experiments from 10 different studies and 6 cultivars of pea for a total of 254 replicate plants. We used a Bayesian hierarchical meta-analysis approach to estimating the likely effect size from the available data, as well as quantify heterogeneity among different experiments, studies and cultivars. The posterior distributions show that, at the coarsest possible scale of total root production, it is unlikely that P. sativum root growth is influenced by either neighbors or pot volume that varies primarily by depth. We find no evidence of publication bias and conclude that this is simply due to statistical sampling error and the scientific method combined with frequentist statistics operating as intended. We suggest that further work on pea should consider repeating experiments that reported finer scale root plasticity at the rhizosphere scale or consider exploring different pot geometries such as volume that varies by depth or width. We also suggest that more diversity in study species are needed to better understand the neighbor-volume response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariah L. Mobley
- Department of Botany and Plant PathologyPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIndianaUSA
- Purdue Center for Plant BiologyPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIndianaUSA
| | - Audrey S. Kruse
- Department of AgronomyPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIndianaUSA
| | - Gordon G. McNickle
- Department of Botany and Plant PathologyPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIndianaUSA
- Purdue Center for Plant BiologyPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIndianaUSA
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8
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Wang ZJ, Thomson M. Localization of signaling receptors maximizes cellular information acquisition in spatially structured natural environments. Cell Syst 2022; 13:530-546.e12. [PMID: 35679857 DOI: 10.1016/j.cels.2022.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Cells in natural environments, such as tissue or soil, sense and respond to extracellular ligands with intricately structured and non-monotonic spatial distributions, sculpted by processes such as fluid flow and substrate adhesion. In this work, we show that spatial sensing and navigation can be optimized by adapting the spatial organization of signaling pathways to the spatial structure of the environment. We develop an information-theoretic framework for computing the optimal spatial organization of a sensing system for a given signaling environment. We find that receptor localization previously observed in cells maximizes information acquisition in simulated natural contexts, including tissue and soil. Specifically, information acquisition is maximized when receptors form localized patches at regions of maximal ligand concentration. Receptor localization extends naturally to produce a dynamic protocol for continuously redistributing signaling receptors, which when implemented using simple feedback, boosts cell navigation efficiency by 30-fold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zitong Jerry Wang
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.
| | - Matt Thomson
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.
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Zheng X, Gao Y, Wang Y, Xing F, Zhao M, Gao Y. Optimal foraging strategies in varying nutrient heterogeneity: responses of a stoloniferous clonal plant to patch pattern, size and quality. ECOSCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/11956860.2022.2048533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaona Zheng
- Institute of Grassland Science, Northeast Normal University, Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yang Gao
- Anshan High-Tech Zone Experimental School, Department of Biology Science, Anshan, Liaoning, China
| | - Yanan Wang
- Institute of Grassland Science, Northeast Normal University, Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Fu Xing
- Institute of Grassland Science, Northeast Normal University, Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Meixuan Zhao
- Institute of Grassland Science, Northeast Normal University, Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Ying Gao
- Institute of Grassland Science, Northeast Normal University, Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Changchun, Jilin, China
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Temporal dynamics of fine root production, mortality and turnover deviate across branch orders in a larch stand. Oecologia 2022; 199:699-709. [PMID: 35776205 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-022-05206-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Fine roots play a key role in carbon, nutrient, and water biogeochemical cycles in forest ecosystems. However, inter-annual dynamics of fine root production, mortality, and turnover on the basis of long-term measurement have been less studied. Here, field scanning rhizotrons were employed for tracking fine root by branch order over a 6 years period in a larch plantation. For total fine roots, from the first- to the fifth-order roots, annual root length production, length mortality, standing crops, and turnover rate varied up to 3.4, 2.3, 1.5, and 2.3-folds during the study period, respectively. The inter-annual variability of those roots indices in the first-order and the second-order roots were greater than that of the higher order (third- to fifth-order) roots. The turnover rate was markedly larger for the first-order roots than for the higher order roots, showing the greatest variability up to 20 times. Seasonal dynamics of root length production followed a general concentrated pattern with peak typically occurring in June or July, whereas root length mortality followed a general bimodal mortality pattern with the dominant peak in May and the secondary peak in August or October. Furthermore, the seasonal patterns of root length production and mortality were similar across years, especially for the first-order and the second-order roots. These results from long-term observation were beneficial for reducing uncertainty of characterizing fine root demography in consideration of large variation among years. Our findings highlight it is important for better understanding of fine root dynamics and determining root demography through distinguishing observation years and root branch orders.
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Heckenroth A, Prudent P, Folzer H, Rabier J, Criquet S, Saatkamp A, Salducci MD, Vassalo L, Laffont-Schwob I. Coronilla juncea, a native candidate for phytostabilization of potentially toxic elements and restoration of Mediterranean soils. Sci Rep 2022; 12:10033. [PMID: 35705609 PMCID: PMC9200755 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-14139-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Soil contamination pattern due to industrial activities often leads to high concentrations of potentially toxic elements (PTE) decreasing with depth. This spatial heterogeneity of the soil contamination may have significant consequences on the soil properties and soil living communities. We evaluated the effects of both surface and solum soil contamination heterogeneity on Coronilla juncea L. (Fabaceae) functional traits in field conditions and the phytostabilization potential of this species. Plant and soil samples were collected on 3 sites along a PTE contamination gradient. The correlations between PTE concentration in plant and soil samples at 2 depths, physico-chemical properties of soil, plant biomass and soil microbial activity were tested. Field measurements highlight a decreasing PTE concentration with soil depth in addition to an important surface heterogeneity of As, Cu, Pb, Sb and Zn soil concentrations. Root PTE concentrations in C. juncea did not follow soil PTE concentrations. Concentrations of PTE in the root parts were higher than those of the aerial parts. Low PTE translocation and root symbioses with microorganisms suggest that this native plant species may play a role as engineer species with positive implications for the phytostabilization of Mediterranean PTE contaminated soils and their ecological restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alma Heckenroth
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, LPED, Marseille, France.,Fédération de Recherche ECCOREV N° 3098, Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Aix-en-Provence, France.,Aix Marseille Univ, Avignon Université, CNRS, IRD, IMBE, Marseille, France
| | | | - Hélène Folzer
- Fédération de Recherche ECCOREV N° 3098, Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Aix-en-Provence, France.,Aix Marseille Univ, Avignon Université, CNRS, IRD, IMBE, Marseille, France
| | - Jacques Rabier
- Aix Marseille Univ, Avignon Université, CNRS, IRD, IMBE, Marseille, France
| | - Stéven Criquet
- Aix Marseille Univ, Avignon Université, CNRS, IRD, IMBE, Marseille, France
| | - Arne Saatkamp
- Aix Marseille Univ, Avignon Université, CNRS, IRD, IMBE, Marseille, France
| | | | | | - Isabelle Laffont-Schwob
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, LPED, Marseille, France. .,Fédération de Recherche ECCOREV N° 3098, Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Aix-en-Provence, France.
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Maldonado JE, Gaete A, Mandakovic D, Aguado-Norese C, Aguilar M, Gutiérrez RA, González M. Partners to survive: Hoffmannseggia doellii root-associated microbiome at the Atacama Desert. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 234:2126-2139. [PMID: 35274744 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The discovery and characterization of plant species adapted to extreme environmental conditions have become increasingly important. Hoffmannseggia doellii is a perennial herb endemic to the Chilean Atacama Desert that grows in the western Andes between 2800 and 3600 m above sea level. Its growing habitat is characterized by high radiation and low water and nutrient availability. Under these conditions, H. doellii can grow, reproduce, and develop an edible tuberous root. We characterized the H. doellii soil-associated microbiomes to understand the biotic factors that could influence their surprising ability to survive. We found an increased number of observed species and higher phylogenetic diversity of bacteria and fungi on H. doellii root soils compared with bare soil (BS) along different sites and to soil microbiomes of other plant species. Also, the H. doellii-associated microbiome had a higher incidence of overall positive interactions and fungal within-kingdom interactions than their corresponding BS network. These findings suggest a microbial diversity soil modulation mechanism that may be a characteristic of highly tolerant plants to diverse and extreme environments. Furthermore, since H. doellii is related to important cultivated crops, our results create an opportunity for future studies on climate change adaptation of crop plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan E Maldonado
- FONDAP Center for Genome Regulation, Santiago, 8370415, Chile
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, ANID-Millennium Science Initiative Program-Millennium Institute for Integrative Biology (iBio), Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, 7500565, Chile
- Laboratorio de Multiómica Vegetal y Bioinformática, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, 9170022, Chile
| | - Alexis Gaete
- FONDAP Center for Genome Regulation, Santiago, 8370415, Chile
- Laboratorio de Bioinformática y Expresión Génica, INTA, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, 7830490, Chile
| | - Dinka Mandakovic
- GEMA Center for Genomics, Ecology and Environment, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, 8580745, Chile
| | - Constanza Aguado-Norese
- FONDAP Center for Genome Regulation, Santiago, 8370415, Chile
- Laboratorio de Bioinformática y Expresión Génica, INTA, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, 7830490, Chile
| | - Melissa Aguilar
- FONDAP Center for Genome Regulation, Santiago, 8370415, Chile
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, ANID-Millennium Science Initiative Program-Millennium Institute for Integrative Biology (iBio), Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, 7500565, Chile
| | - Rodrigo A Gutiérrez
- FONDAP Center for Genome Regulation, Santiago, 8370415, Chile
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, ANID-Millennium Science Initiative Program-Millennium Institute for Integrative Biology (iBio), Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, 7500565, Chile
| | - Mauricio González
- FONDAP Center for Genome Regulation, Santiago, 8370415, Chile
- Laboratorio de Bioinformática y Expresión Génica, INTA, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, 7830490, Chile
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Valenzuela FJ, Reineke D, Leventini D, Chen CCL, Barrett-Lennard EG, Colmer TD, Dodd IC, Shabala S, Brown P, Bazihizina N. Plant responses to heterogeneous salinity: agronomic relevance and research priorities. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2022; 129:499-518. [PMID: 35171228 PMCID: PMC9007098 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcac022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Soil salinity, in both natural and managed environments, is highly heterogeneous, and understanding how plants respond to this spatiotemporal heterogeneity is increasingly important for sustainable agriculture in the era of global climate change. While the vast majority of research on crop response to salinity utilizes homogeneous saline conditions, a much smaller, but important, effort has been made in the past decade to understand plant molecular and physiological responses to heterogeneous salinity mainly by using split-root studies. These studies have begun to unravel how plants compensate for water/nutrient deprivation and limit salt stress by optimizing root-foraging in the most favourable parts of the soil. SCOPE This paper provides an overview of the patterns of salinity heterogeneity in rain-fed and irrigated systems. We then discuss results from split-root studies and the recent progress in understanding the physiological and molecular mechanisms regulating plant responses to heterogeneous root-zone salinity and nutrient conditions. We focus on mechanisms by which plants (salt/nutrient sensing, root-shoot signalling and water uptake) could optimize the use of less-saline patches within the root-zone, thereby enhancing growth under heterogeneous soil salinity conditions. Finally, we place these findings in the context of defining future research priorities, possible irrigation management and crop breeding opportunities to improve productivity from salt-affected lands.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniela Reineke
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Dante Leventini
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | | | - Edward G Barrett-Lennard
- Land Management Group, Agriculture Discipline, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, WA, Australia
- Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, South Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Timothy D Colmer
- UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
- Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Ian C Dodd
- The Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Sergey Shabala
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia
- International Research Centre for Environmental Membrane Biology, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China
| | - Patrick Brown
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Nadia Bazihizina
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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Tariq A, Sardans J, Peñuelas J, Zhang Z, Graciano C, Zeng F, Olatunji OA, Ullah A, Pan K. Intercropping of Leguminous and Non-Leguminous Desert Plant Species Does Not Facilitate Phosphorus Mineralization and Plant Nutrition. Cells 2022; 11:cells11060998. [PMID: 35326448 PMCID: PMC8946938 DOI: 10.3390/cells11060998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
More efficient use of soil resources, such as nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P), can improve plant community resistance and resilience against drought in arid and semi-arid lands. Intercropping of legume and non-legumes can be an effective practice for enhancing P mineralization uptake, and plant nutrient status. However, it remains unclear how intercropping systems using desert plant species impact soil-plant P fractions and how they affect N and water uptake capacity. Alhagi sparsifolia (a legume) and Karelinia caspia (a non-legume) are dominant plant species in the Taklamakan Desert in Xinjiang Province, China. However, there is a lack of knowledge of whether these species, when intercropped, can trigger synergistic processes and mechanisms that drive more efficient use of soil resources. Thus, in a field experiment over two years, we investigated the impact of monoculture and intercropping of these plant species on soil-plant P fractions and soil-plant nutrients. Both plant species’ foliar nutrient (N, P, and K) concentrations were higher under monoculture than intercropping (except K in K. caspia). Nucleic acid P was higher in the monoculture plots of A. sparsifolia, consistent with higher soil labile P, while metabolic P was higher in monoculture K. caspia, associated with higher soil moderately labile Pi. However, both species had a higher residual P percentage in the intercropping system. Soils from monoculture and intercropped plots contained similar microbial biomass carbon (MBC), but lower microbial biomass N:microbial biomass phosphorus (MBN:MBP) ratio associated with reduced N-acetylglucosaminidase (NAG) activity in the intercropped soils. This, together with the high MBC:MBN ratio in intercropping and the lack of apparent general effects of intercropping on MBC:MBP, strongly suggest that intercropping improved microbe N- but not P-use efficiency. Interestingly, while EC and SWC were higher in the soil of the K. caspia monoculture plots, EC was significantly lower in the intercropped plots. Plants obtained better foliar nutrition and soil P mineralization in monocultures than in intercropping systems. The possible positive implications of intercropping for reducing soil salinization and improving soil water uptake and microbial N-use efficiency could have advantages in the long term and its utilization should be explored further in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akash Tariq
- Xinjiang Key Desert Plant Roots Ecology and Vegetation Restoration Laboratory, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China; (Z.Z.); (A.U.)
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
- Cele National Station of Observation and Research for Desert-Grassland Ecosystems, Cele 848300, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
- Correspondence: (A.T.); (F.Z.)
| | - Jordi Sardans
- Global Ecology Unit, CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; (J.S.); (J.P.)
- Centre de Recerca Ecològica i Aplicacions Forestals (CREAF), 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- Global Ecology Unit, CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; (J.S.); (J.P.)
- Centre de Recerca Ecològica i Aplicacions Forestals (CREAF), 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Zhihao Zhang
- Xinjiang Key Desert Plant Roots Ecology and Vegetation Restoration Laboratory, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China; (Z.Z.); (A.U.)
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
- Cele National Station of Observation and Research for Desert-Grassland Ecosystems, Cele 848300, China
| | - Corina Graciano
- Instituto de Fisiología Vegetal, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata B1900, Buenos Aires, Argentina;
| | - Fanjiang Zeng
- Xinjiang Key Desert Plant Roots Ecology and Vegetation Restoration Laboratory, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China; (Z.Z.); (A.U.)
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
- Cele National Station of Observation and Research for Desert-Grassland Ecosystems, Cele 848300, China
- Correspondence: (A.T.); (F.Z.)
| | - Olusanya Abiodun Olatunji
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China; (O.A.O.); (K.P.)
| | - Abd Ullah
- Xinjiang Key Desert Plant Roots Ecology and Vegetation Restoration Laboratory, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China; (Z.Z.); (A.U.)
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
- Cele National Station of Observation and Research for Desert-Grassland Ecosystems, Cele 848300, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
| | - Kaiwen Pan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China; (O.A.O.); (K.P.)
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15
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Li H, Wang N, Ding J, Liu Y, Ding X, Wei Y, Li J, Ding GC. Spatial Distribution of the Pepper Blight ( Phytophthora capsici) Suppressive Microbiome in the Rhizosphere. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 12:748542. [PMID: 35126404 PMCID: PMC8813743 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.748542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The properties of plant rhizosphere are dynamic and heterogeneous, serving as different habitat filters for or against certain microorganisms. Herein, we studied the spatial distribution of bacterial communities in the rhizosphere of pepper plants treated with a disease-suppressive or non-suppressive soil. The bacterial richness was significantly (p < 0.05) higher in plants treated with the disease-suppressive soil than in those treated with the non-suppressive soil. Bacterial richness and evenness greatly differed between root parts, with decrease from the upper taproot to the upper fibrous root, the lower taproot, and the lower fibrous root. As expected, the bacterial community in the rhizosphere differed between suppressive and non-suppressive soil. However, the spatial variation (36%) of the bacterial community in the rhizosphere was much greater than that explained by soils (10%). Taxa such as subgroups of Acidobacteria, Nitrosospira, and Nitrospira were known to be selectively enriched in the upper taproot. In vitro Bacillus antagonists against Phytophthora capsici were also preferentially colonized in the taproot, while the genera such as Clostridium, Rhizobium, Azotobacter, Hydrogenophaga, and Magnetospirillum were enriched in the lower taproot or fibrous root. In conclusion, the spatial distribution of bacterial taxa and antagonists in the rhizosphere of pepper sheds light on our understanding of microbial ecology in the rhizosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huixiu Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Organic Farming, College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Tangshan Normal University, Tangshan, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Organic Farming, College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Organic Recycling Institute (Suzhou) of China Agricultural University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jia Ding
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Organic Farming, College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yingjie Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Organic Farming, College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyan Ding
- Organic Recycling Institute (Suzhou) of China Agricultural University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yuquan Wei
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Organic Farming, College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Organic Recycling Institute (Suzhou) of China Agricultural University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ji Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Organic Farming, College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Organic Recycling Institute (Suzhou) of China Agricultural University, Suzhou, China
| | - Guo-chun Ding
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Organic Farming, College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Organic Recycling Institute (Suzhou) of China Agricultural University, Suzhou, China
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16
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Liu B, Han F, Xing K, Zhang A, Rengel Z. The Response of Plants and Mycorrhizal Fungi to Nutritionally-Heterogeneous Environments Are Regulated by Nutrient Types and Plant Functional Groups. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:734641. [PMID: 34868118 PMCID: PMC8634332 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.734641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Nutrient type and plant functional group are both important in influencing proliferation of roots or hyphae and their benefit to plant growth in nutritionally heterogeneous environments. However, the studies quantifying relative importance of roots vs. hyphae affecting the plant response to nutrient heterogeneity are lacking. Here, we used meta-analysis based on 879 observations from 66 published studies to evaluate response patterns of seven variables related to growth and morphological traits of plants and mycorrhizal fungi in nutritionally heterogeneous environments. We found that phosphorus [P] and organic fertilizer [OF] supply significantly increased shoot (+18.1 and +25.9%, respectively) and root biomass (+31.1 and +23.0%, respectively) and root foraging precision (+11.8 and +20.4%, respectively). However, there was no significant difference among functional groups of herbs (grasses, forbs, and legumes), between herbs and woody species, and between arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) and ectomycorrhizal (ECM) tree species in the shoot, root and mycorrhizal fungi responses to nutrient heterogeneity, except for root biomass and root foraging precision among grasses, forbs, and legumes, and mycorrhizal hyphal foraging precision between AM and ECM tree species. Root diameter was uncorrelated with neither root foraging precision nor mycorrhizal hyphal foraging precision, regardless of mycorrhizal type or nutrient type. These results suggest that plant growth and foraging strategies are mainly influenced by nutrient type, among other factors including plant functional type and mycorrhizal type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bitao Liu
- College of Forestry, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
| | - Fei Han
- College of Forestry, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
| | - Kaixiong Xing
- Center for Forest Ecosystem Studies and Qianyanzhou Ecological Station, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Aiping Zhang
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zed Rengel
- Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- Institute for Adriatic Crops and Karst Reclamation, Split, Croatia
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Xu J, Wang X, Zhu H, Yu F. Maize Genotypes With Different Zinc Efficiency in Response to Low Zinc Stress and Heterogeneous Zinc Supply. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:736658. [PMID: 34691112 PMCID: PMC8531504 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.736658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
All over the world, a common problem in the soil is the low content of available zinc (Zn), which is unevenly distributed and difficult to move. However, information on the foraging strategies of roots in response to heterogeneous Zn supply is still very limited. Few studies have analyzed the adaptability of maize inbred lines with different Zn efficiencies to different low Zn stress time lengths in maize. This study analyzed the effects of different time lengths of low Zn stress on various related traits in different inbred lines. In addition, morphological plasticity of roots and the response of Zn-related important gene iron-regulated transporter-like proteins (ZIPs) were studied via simulating the heterogeneity of Zn nutrition in the soil. In this report, when Zn deficiency stress duration was extended (from 14 to 21 days), under Zn-deficient supply (0.5 μM), Zn efficiency (ZE) based on shoot dry weight of Wu312 displayed no significant difference, and ZE for Ye478 was increased by 92.9%. Under longer-term Zn deficiency, shoot, and root dry weights of Ye478 were 6.5 and 2.1-fold higher than those of Wu312, respectively. Uneven Zn supply strongly inhibited the development of some root traits in the -Zn region. Difference in shoot dry weights between Wu312 and Ye478 was larger in T1 (1.97 times) than in T2 (1.53 times). Under heterogeneous condition of Zn supply, both the -Zn region and the +Zn region upregulated the expressions of ZmZIP3, ZmZIP4, ZmZIP5, ZmZIP7, and ZmZIP8 in the roots of two inbred lines. These results indicate that extended time length of low-Zn stress will enlarge the difference of multiple physiological traits, especially biomass, between Zn-sensitive and Zn-tolerant inbred lines. There were significant genotypic differences of root morphology in response to heterogeneous Zn supply. Compared with split-supply with +Zn/+Zn, the difference of above-ground biomass between Zn-sensitive and Zn-tolerant inbred lines under split-supply with -Zn/+Zn was higher. Under the condition of heterogeneous Zn supply, several ZmZIP genes may play important roles in tolerance to low Zn stress, which can provide a basis for further functional characterization.
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18
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Wang L, Li X, Mang M, Ludewig U, Shen J. Heterogeneous nutrient supply promotes maize growth and phosphorus acquisition: additive and compensatory effects of lateral roots and root hairs. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2021; 128:431-440. [PMID: 34309655 PMCID: PMC8414595 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcab097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Root proliferation is a response to a heterogeneous nutrient distribution. However, the growth of root hairs in response to heterogeneous nutrients and the relationship between root hairs and lateral roots remain unclear. This study aims to understand the effects of heterogeneous nutrients on root hair growth and the trade-off between root hairs and lateral roots in phosphorus (P) acquisition. METHODS Near-isogenic maize lines, the B73 wild type (WT) and the rth3 root hairless mutant, were grown in rhizoboxes with uniform or localized supply of 40 (low) or 140 (high) mg P kg-1 soil. RESULTS Both WT and rth3 had nearly two-fold greater shoot biomass and P content under local than uniform treatment at low P. Significant root proliferation was observed in both WT and rth3 in the nutrient patch, with the WT accompanied by an obvious increase (from 0.7 to 1.2 mm) in root hair length. The root response ratio of rth3 was greater than that of WT at low P, but could not completely compensate for the loss of root hairs. This suggests that plants enhanced P acquisition through complementarity between lateral roots and root hairs, and thus regulated nutrient foraging and shoot growth. The disappearance of WT and rth3 root response differences at high P indicated that the P application reduced the dependence of the plants on specific root traits to obtain nutrients. CONCLUSIONS In addition to root proliferation, the root response to a nutrient-rich patch was also accompanied by root hair elongation. The genotypes without root hairs increased their investment in lateral roots in a nutrient-rich patch to compensate for the absence of root hairs, suggesting that plants enhanced nutrient acquisition by regulating the trade-off of complementary root traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyang Wang
- Department of Plant Nutrition, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Center for Resources, Environment and Food Security, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
- Department of Nutritional Crop Physiology, Institute of Crop Sciences (340h), University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart 70593, Germany
| | - Xuelian Li
- Department of Nutritional Crop Physiology, Institute of Crop Sciences (340h), University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart 70593, Germany
| | - Melissa Mang
- Department of Nutritional Crop Physiology, Institute of Crop Sciences (340h), University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart 70593, Germany
| | - Uwe Ludewig
- Department of Nutritional Crop Physiology, Institute of Crop Sciences (340h), University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart 70593, Germany
| | - Jianbo Shen
- Department of Plant Nutrition, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Center for Resources, Environment and Food Security, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
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Tan L, Fan R, Sun H, Guo S. Root foraging of birch and larch in heterogeneous soil nutrient patches under water deficit. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0255848. [PMID: 34375353 PMCID: PMC8354452 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0255848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Water and nutrient are two critical factors that limit plant growth to spatial-temporal extents. Tree root foraging behavior has not received adequate attention in heterogeneous soil environments in temperate forest under drought pressure. In this study, birch (Betula platyphylla) and larch (Larix olgensis) seedlings were raised in pots in a split-root system with artificially heterogeneous soil environments to study the root foraging response to drought. Potted space was split into two halves where substrates were mixed with fertilizers in 67.5 mg nitrogen (N) plant-1 (N-P2O5-K2O, 14-13-13) to both halves as to create a homogeneous condition. Otherwise, a rate of 135 mg N plant-1 of fertilizers was delivered to a random half to create a heterogeneous condition. Half of seedlings were fully sub-irrigated every three days with the other half received the drought treatment by being watered every six days. Both birch and larch seedlings showed greater net shoot growth and biomass increment in well-watered condition, while root morphology was promoted by drought. Both species placed more fine roots with higher root N concentration in nutrient-enriched patches. In the heterogeneous pattern, birch showed a higher foraging precision assessed by biomass and greater foraging plasticity assessed in morphology and physiology. In contrast, larch seedlings had higher root N concentration in the well-watered condition. Neither species showed a significant response of N utilization to the heterogeneous pattern, but both used more N when water supply was improved. Overall, birch is better at acclimating to heterogeneous soil conditions, but its ability to seize N was lower than larch when drought was alleviated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Tan
- College of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Ruifeng Fan
- College of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
- Harbin Gloria Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Harbin, China
| | - Huifeng Sun
- College of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Shenglei Guo
- College of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
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Xiong R, Liu S, Considine MJ, Siddique KHM, Lam HM, Chen Y. Root system architecture, physiological and transcriptional traits of soybean (Glycine max L.) in response to water deficit: A review. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 172:405-418. [PMID: 32880966 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Drought stress is the main limiting factor for global soybean growth and production. Genetic improvement for water and nutrient uptake efficiency is critical to advance tolerance and enable more sustainable and resilient production, underpinning yield growth. The identification of quantitative traits and genes related to water and nutrient uptake will enhance our understanding of the mechanisms of drought tolerance in soybean. This review summarizes drought stress in the context of the physiological traits that enable effective acclimation, with a particular focus on roots. Genes controlling root system architecture play an important role in water and nutrient availability, and therefore important targets for breeding strategies to improve drought tolerance. This review highlights the candidate genes that have been identified as regulators of important root traits and responses to water stress. Progress in our understanding of the function of particular genes, including GmACX1, GmMS and GmPEPCK are discussed in the context of developing a system-based platform for genetic improvement of drought tolerance in soybean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rentao Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shuo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Michael J Considine
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, LB 5005, Perth, Western Australia, 6001, Australia
| | - Kadambot H M Siddique
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, and UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, LB 5005, Perth, Western Australia, 6001, Australia
| | - Hon-Ming Lam
- Center for Soybean Research of the State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, and School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Yinglong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, and UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, LB 5005, Perth, Western Australia, 6001, Australia
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Balbín-Suárez A, Jacquiod S, Rohr AD, Liu B, Flachowsky H, Winkelmann T, Beerhues L, Nesme J, J Sørensen S, Vetterlein D, Smalla K. Root exposure to apple replant disease soil triggers local defense response and rhizoplane microbiome dysbiosis. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2021; 97:6136273. [PMID: 33587112 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiab031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
A soil column split-root experiment was designed to investigate the ability of apple replant disease (ARD)-causing agents to spread in soil. 'M26' apple rootstocks grew into a top layer of Control soil, followed by a barrier-free split-soil layer (Control soil/ARD soil). We observed a severely reduced root growth, concomitant with enhanced gene expression of phytoalexin biosynthetic genes and phytoalexin content in roots from ARD soil, indicating a pronounced local plant defense response. Amplicon sequencing (bacteria, archaea, fungi) revealed local shifts in diversity and composition of microorganisms in the rhizoplane of roots from ARD soil. An enrichment of operational taxonomic units affiliated to potential ARD fungal pathogens (Ilyonectria and Nectria sp.) and bacteria frequently associated with ARD (Streptomyces, Variovorax) was noted. In conclusion, our integrated study supports the idea of ARD being local and not spreading into surrounding soil, as only the roots in ARD soil were affected in terms of growth, phytoalexin biosynthetic gene expression, phytoalexin production and altered microbiome structure. This study further reinforces the microbiological nature of ARD, being likely triggered by a disturbed soil microbiome enriched with low mobility of the ARD-causing agents that induce a strong plant defense and rhizoplane microbiome dysbiosis, concurring with root damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Balbín-Suárez
- Julius Kühn-Institute (JKI)-Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Epidemiology and Pathogen Diagnostics, Messeweg 11/12, 38104 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Samuel Jacquiod
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, INRAE, Univ. Bourgogne, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000 Dijon, France
| | - Annmarie-Deetja Rohr
- Woody Plant and Propagation Physiology Section, Institute of Horticultural Production Systems, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Herrenhäuser Str. 2, 30419 Hannover, Germany
| | - Benye Liu
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Mendelssohnstr. 1, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Henryk Flachowsky
- Julius Kühn-Institute (JKI)-Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Breeding Research on Fruit Crops, Pillnitzer Platz 3a, 01326 Dresden, Germany
| | - Traud Winkelmann
- Woody Plant and Propagation Physiology Section, Institute of Horticultural Production Systems, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Herrenhäuser Str. 2, 30419 Hannover, Germany
| | - Ludger Beerhues
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Mendelssohnstr. 1, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Joseph Nesme
- Section of Microbiology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, Bygning 1, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Søren J Sørensen
- Section of Microbiology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, Bygning 1, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Doris Vetterlein
- Department of Soil System Science, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Theodor-Lieser-Str. 4, 06120 Halle/Saale, Germany.,Soil Science, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Von-Seckendorff-Platz 3, 06120 Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Kornelia Smalla
- Julius Kühn-Institute (JKI)-Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Epidemiology and Pathogen Diagnostics, Messeweg 11/12, 38104 Braunschweig, Germany
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22
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Zhang Y, Luo J, Peng F, Xiao Y, Du A. Application of Bag-Controlled Release Fertilizer Facilitated New Root Formation, Delayed Leaf, and Root Senescence in Peach Trees and Improved Nitrogen Utilization Efficiency. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:627313. [PMID: 33868330 PMCID: PMC8044461 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.627313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
It is very important to promote root growth and delay root and leaf senescence, to improve nitrogen absorption and utilization efficiency, and to improve the storage nutrition level of the tree, so as to improve the fruit quality and yield of peach. In this experiment, we compared and analyzed the effects of traditional fertilization and bag-controlled release fertilizer (BCRF) on the growth of shoots and roots, senescence of leaves and roots, and fruit yield and quality. Moreover, the impacts of BCRF on ammonia volatilization, nitrogen utilization rate, fine root turnover, and plant storage nutrients were also investigated. Compared with conventional fertilizer use, the application of BCRF significantly promoted the shoot growth of young peach trees. Additionally, BCRF delayed leaf senescence and increased root activity in autumn. This increased the storage nutrients of the peach tree. Compared with traditional fertilizer, ammonia volatilization reduced to 54.36% under BCRF application situation. BCRF also promoted the occurrence of fine roots and decreased the annual turnover rate. A 15N tracer test showed that, compared with traditional fertilizer, BCRF nitrogen utilization efficiency increased by 37.73% in peach trees under BCRF treatment significantly. The results from 3 consecutive years showed that the application of BCRF increased the yield of individual plants by 21.35% on average compared to the yield from plants receiving equal amounts of fertilizer applied by spreading (FSA). Thus, BCRF can promote the occurrence of fine roots and decrease the root annual turnover rate in peach trees, and it also improves the utilization efficiency of fertilizer, reduces ammonia volatilization, delays leaf senescence, and enhances storage nutrition, fruit yield, and fruit quality in peach trees.
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董 宁. Research Progress of Forest Fine Root Dynamics and Morphology Respond to Increased Nitrogen Availability. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.12677/ije.2021.101010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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24
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McLachlan JW, Becquer A, Haling RE, Simpson RJ, Flavel RJ, Guppy CN. Intrinsic root morphology determines the phosphorus acquisition efficiency of five annual pasture legumes irrespective of mycorrhizal colonisation. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2021; 48:156-170. [PMID: 32910884 DOI: 10.1071/fp20007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Mycorrhizal fungi are ubiquitous in agroecosystems and form symbiotic associations that contribute to the phosphorus (P) acquisition of many plants. The impact of mycorrhizas is most pronounced in P-deficient soil and commonly involves modifications to the root morphology of colonised plants. However, the consequences of mycorrhizal colonisation on root acclimation responses to P stress are not well described. Five annual pasture legumes, with differing root morphologies, were grown to determine the effect of mycorrhizal colonisation on shoot yield, root morphology and P uptake. Micro-swards of each legume were established in pots filled with a topsoil layer that had been amended with five rates of P fertiliser. The topsoil overlaid a low-P subsoil that mimicked the stratification of P that occurs under pasture. Mycorrhizal colonisation improved P acquisition and shoot yield in the low-P soil treatments, but did not reduce the critical external P requirement of the legumes for near-maximum yield. The yield responses of the mycorrhizal plants were associated with reduced dry matter allocation to topsoil roots, which meant that the P acquisition benefit associated with mycorrhizal colonisation was not additive in the P-deficient soil. The contribution of the mycorrhizal association to P acquisition was consistent among the legumes when they were compared at an equivalent level of plant P stress, and was most pronounced below a P stress index of ~0.5. The intrinsic root morphology of the legumes determined their differences in P-acquisition efficiency irrespective of mycorrhizal colonisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan W McLachlan
- University of New England, School of Environmental and Rural Science, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia; and CSIRO Agriculture and Food, GPO Box 1700, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia; and Corresponding author.
| | - Adeline Becquer
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, GPO Box 1700, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia; and INRA, UMR EcoandSols, 2 Place Pierre Viala, 34060 Montpellier, Cedex 1, France
| | - Rebecca E Haling
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, GPO Box 1700, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Richard J Simpson
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, GPO Box 1700, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Richard J Flavel
- University of New England, School of Environmental and Rural Science, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia
| | - Chris N Guppy
- University of New England, School of Environmental and Rural Science, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia
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Xia T, Wang Y, He Y, Wu C, Shen K, Tan Q, Kang L, Guo Y, Wu B, Han X. An invasive plant experiences greater benefits of root morphology from enhancing nutrient competition associated with arbuscular mycorrhizae in karst soil than a native plant. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0234410. [PMID: 32516341 PMCID: PMC7282705 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0234410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The Eupatorium adenophorum have widespread invaded the karst ecosystem of southwest China and threatened the regional native community stability. Arbuscular mycorrhizae (AM) plays an important role in promoting growth for host plants via root external mycelia. However, whether AM regulates plant root traits underlying competition between invasive and native species via mycorrhizal networks in karst habitats, remains unclear. An experiment was conducted in a microcosm composed of two planting compartments flanking a competition compartment. The invasive E. adenophorum and native Artemisia annua were each placed in one of the two planting compartments with or without Glomus etunicatum fungus. The nutrient access treatments included the competitive utilization (Cu), single utilization (Su) and non-utilization (Nu) by using different nylon meshes allowed or prevented mycelium passing to acquire nutrients from the competition compartment. Root traits and nutrients of the two species were analyzed. The results showed that AM fungi had differential effects on root traits and nutrients of E. adenophorum and A. annua seedlings, which increased dry weight, length, surface area, volume, tips and branching points in roots, specific root length and volume, root nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) contents under Cu, Su and Nu treatments. AM fungus was also associated with decreases in the average diameter for both species. Under the Cu treatment, E. adenophorum had significantly greater length, surface area, volume, tips and branching points of roots, specific root traits, and root N and P than A. annua. AM fungi changed root phenotypes and nutrient uptake for both invasive and native plant species via interconnected mycorrhizal networks. Overall, our results suggest that through mycorrhizal networks, the invasive plant experiences greater benefits than the native plant in the nutrient competition, which fosters root morphological developments in karst soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Xia
- Forestry College, Research Center of Forest Ecology, Institue for Forest
Resources & Environment of Guizhou, Guizhou University, Guiyang,
China
| | - Yongjian Wang
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences / Hubei Engineering
Technology Research Center for Forestry Information, Huazhong Agricultural
University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuejun He
- Forestry College, Research Center of Forest Ecology, Institue for Forest
Resources & Environment of Guizhou, Guizhou University, Guiyang,
China
| | - Changbang Wu
- Forestry College, Research Center of Forest Ecology, Institue for Forest
Resources & Environment of Guizhou, Guizhou University, Guiyang,
China
| | - Kaiping Shen
- Forestry College, Research Center of Forest Ecology, Institue for Forest
Resources & Environment of Guizhou, Guizhou University, Guiyang,
China
| | - Qiyu Tan
- Forestry College, Research Center of Forest Ecology, Institue for Forest
Resources & Environment of Guizhou, Guizhou University, Guiyang,
China
| | - Liling Kang
- Forestry College, Research Center of Forest Ecology, Institue for Forest
Resources & Environment of Guizhou, Guizhou University, Guiyang,
China
| | - Yun Guo
- Forestry College, Research Center of Forest Ecology, Institue for Forest
Resources & Environment of Guizhou, Guizhou University, Guiyang,
China
| | - Bangli Wu
- Forestry College, Research Center of Forest Ecology, Institue for Forest
Resources & Environment of Guizhou, Guizhou University, Guiyang,
China
| | - Xu Han
- Forestry College, Research Center of Forest Ecology, Institue for Forest
Resources & Environment of Guizhou, Guizhou University, Guiyang,
China
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Barrera-Rojas CH, Rocha GHB, Polverari L, Pinheiro Brito DA, Batista DS, Notini MM, da Cruz ACF, Morea EGO, Sabatini S, Otoni WC, Nogueira FTS. miR156-targeted SPL10 controls Arabidopsis root meristem activity and root-derived de novo shoot regeneration via cytokinin responses. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:934-950. [PMID: 31642910 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Root growth is modulated by different factors, including phytohormones, transcription factors, and microRNAs (miRNAs). MicroRNA156 and its targets, the SQUAMOSA PROMOTER BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE (SPL) genes, define an age-dependent pathway that controls several developmental processes, including lateral root emergence. However, it remains unclear whether miR156-regulated SPLs control root meristem activity and root-derived de novo shoot regeneration. Here, we show that MIR156 and SPL genes have opposing expression patterns during the progression of primary root (PR) growth in Arabidopsis, suggesting that age cues may modulate root development. Plants with high miR156 levels display reduced meristem size, resulting in shorter primary root (PRs). Conversely, plants with reduced miR156 levels show higher meristem activity. Importantly, loss of function of SPL10 decreases meristem activity, while SPL10 de-repression increases it. Meristem activity is regulated by SPL10 probably through the reduction of cytokinin responses, via the modulation of type-B ARABIDOPSIS RESPONSE REGULATOR1(ARR1) expression. We also show that SPL10 de-repression in the PRs abolishes de novo shoot regenerative capacity by attenuating cytokinin responses. Our results reveal a cooperative regulation of root meristem activity and root-derived de novo shoot regeneration by integrating age cues with cytokinin responses via miR156-targeted SPL10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Hernán Barrera-Rojas
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Plant Development, Department of Biological Sciences, Escola Superior de Agricultura 'Luiz de Queiroz', University of Sao Paulo, Piracicaba, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Bioscience Institute, State University of Sao Paulo, Botucatu, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Henrique Braga Rocha
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Plant Development, Department of Biological Sciences, Escola Superior de Agricultura 'Luiz de Queiroz', University of Sao Paulo, Piracicaba, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Laura Polverari
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Proteomics of Model Systems, Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Diego Armando Pinheiro Brito
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Plant Development, Department of Biological Sciences, Escola Superior de Agricultura 'Luiz de Queiroz', University of Sao Paulo, Piracicaba, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Diego Silva Batista
- Department of Plant Biology, Plant Tissue Culture Laboratory-BIOAGRO, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Marcela M Notini
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Plant Development, Department of Biological Sciences, Escola Superior de Agricultura 'Luiz de Queiroz', University of Sao Paulo, Piracicaba, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Claudia Ferreira da Cruz
- Department of Plant Biology, Plant Tissue Culture Laboratory-BIOAGRO, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Edna Gicela Ortiz Morea
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Plant Development, Department of Biological Sciences, Escola Superior de Agricultura 'Luiz de Queiroz', University of Sao Paulo, Piracicaba, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Bioscience Institute, State University of Sao Paulo, Botucatu, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sabrina Sabatini
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Proteomics of Model Systems, Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Wagner Campos Otoni
- Department of Plant Biology, Plant Tissue Culture Laboratory-BIOAGRO, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Fabio Tebaldi Silveira Nogueira
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Plant Development, Department of Biological Sciences, Escola Superior de Agricultura 'Luiz de Queiroz', University of Sao Paulo, Piracicaba, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Xia Z, He Y, Yu L, Lv R, Korpelainen H, Li C. Sex-specific strategies of phosphorus (P) acquisition in Populus cathayana as affected by soil P availability and distribution. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 225:782-792. [PMID: 31487045 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Soil phosphorus (P) availability and its distribution influence plant growth and productivity, but how they affect the growth dynamics and sex-specific P acquisition strategies of dioecious plant species is poorly understood. In this study, the impact of soil P availability and its distribution on dioecious Populus cathayana was characterized. P. cathayana males and females were grown under three levels of P supply, and with homogeneous or heterogeneous P distribution. Females had a greater total root length, specific root length (SRL), biomass and foliar P concentration under high P supply. Under P deficiency, males had a smaller root system than females but a greater exudation of soil acid phosphatase, and a higher colonization rate and arbuscular mycorrhizal hyphal biomass, suggesting a better capacity to mine P and a stronger association with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi to forage P. Heterogeneous P distribution enhanced growth and root length density (RLD) in females. Female root proliferation in P-rich patches was related to increased foliar P assimilation. Localized P application for increasing P availability did not enhance the biomass accumulation and the morphological plasticity of roots in males, but it raised hyphal biomass. The findings herein indicate that sex-specific strategies in P acquisition relate to root morphology, root exudation and mycorrhizal symbioses, and they may contribute to sex-specific resource utilization patterns and niche segregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhichao Xia
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yue He
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lei Yu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, Zhejiang, China
| | - Rubing Lv
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, Zhejiang, China
| | - Helena Korpelainen
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, PO Box 27, Helsinki, FI-00014, Finland
| | - Chunyang Li
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, Zhejiang, China
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28
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Zwetsloot MJ, Goebel M, Paya A, Grams TEE, Bauerle TL. Specific spatio-temporal dynamics of absorptive fine roots in response to neighbor species identity in a mixed beech-spruce forest. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 39:1867-1879. [PMID: 31504991 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpz086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Absorptive fine roots are an important driver of soil biogeochemical cycles. Yet, the spatio-temporal dynamics of those roots in the presence of neighboring species remain poorly understood. The aim of this study was to analyze shifts in absorptive fine-root traits in monoculture or mixtures of Fagus sylvatica [L.] and Picea abies [L.] Karst. We hypothesized that root competition would be higher under single-species than mixed-species interactions, leading to changes in (i) root survivorship, diameter and respiration and (ii) spatio-temporal patterns of root growth and death. Using minirhizotron methods, we monitored the timing and location of absorptive fine-root growth and death at an experimental forest in southern Germany from 2011 to 2013. We also measured root respiration in the spring and fall seasons of 2012 and 2013. Our findings show that the absorptive fine roots of F. sylvatica had a 50% higher risk of root mortality and higher respiration rates in the single-species compared to mixed-species zones. These results support our hypothesis that root competition is less intense for F. sylvatica in mixture versus monoculture. We were unable to find confirmation for the same hypothesis for P. abies. To analyze spatio-temporal patterns of absorptive fine-root production and mortality, we used a mixed-effects model considering root depth (space) and seasons (time) simultaneously. This analysis showed that F. sylvatica shifts root production towards shallower soil layers in mixed-species stands, besides significant seasonal fluctuations in root production depths for both species. Ultimately, the impact of neighbor species identity on root traits observed in this study has important implications for where, when and how fast root-facilitated carbon cycling takes place in single-species versus mixed-species forests. In addition, our study highlights the need for inclusion of absorptive fine-root spatio-temporal dynamics when examining belowground plant interactions and biogeochemical cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie J Zwetsloot
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, 236 Tower Road, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Soil Biology Group, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 3, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Marc Goebel
- Department of Natural Resources, Cornell University, 111 Fernow Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Alex Paya
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, 236 Tower Road, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Thorsten E E Grams
- Ecophysiology of Plants, Technical University of Munich, Am Hochanger 13, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Taryn L Bauerle
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, 236 Tower Road, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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29
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Ure D, Awada A, Frowley N, Munk N, Stanger A, Mutus B. Greenhouse tomato plant roots/carboxymethyl cellulose method for the efficient removal and recovery of inorganic phosphate from agricultural wastewater. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2019; 233:258-263. [PMID: 30580121 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.12.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Phosphate (P) is a biologically important compound that is commonly incorporated into fertilizers. Wastewater from agricultural processes results in excessive accumulation of P and eutrophication of lakes. We have developed a system for the remediation, recovery, and potential reuse of P from agricultural wastewater using tomato plant roots (roots) as a capture matrix and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) as an eluent and enhancer of P precipitation. Untreated roots can bind up to 55.2 ± 15.2 grams of P per kilogram (g/kg) of roots in comparison to the maximum 8.2 ± 1.5 g/kg bound by the previously used iron-chitosan (Fe-chito). The addition of CMC enhances the precipitation of P with a clearance of 97.2% as opposed to 33.3% without CMC. On site tests show an average removal of 226.5 μg/L per day or a total of ∼28 g of P removed after 23 days. This corresponds to a 71% P removal rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Ure
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Ontario, Canada
| | - Angela Awada
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nicole Frowley
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Ontario, Canada
| | - Neils Munk
- Bruce Peninsula Biosphere Association (BPBA), Tobermory, Ontario, Canada
| | - Amanda Stanger
- Bruce Peninsula Biosphere Association (BPBA), Tobermory, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bulent Mutus
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Ontario, Canada.
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30
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Melo Júnior JCFD, Amorim MW, Soffiatti P. Comparative wood anatomy of Ficus cestrifolia (Moraceae) in two distinct soil conditions. RODRIGUÉSIA 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/2175-7860201869440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Wood anatomical traits respond to environmental variables and among them, soil has a direct impact on secondary xylem. This study compares the wood anatomy of two populations of Ficus cestrifolia occurring in two lowland formations of Southern Brazil (MAQ and SJS) with similar climate but different soil conditions. Wood samples were collected at breast height and prepared according to standard wood anatomy techniques. Soil samples were collected and subjected to a nutrient analysis. Wood was described quali and quantitatively. The qualitative wood anatomical features of both populations were similar. Some quantitative differences were observed. In MAQ area, the levels of macro- and micronutrients were higher than in SJS. Its population presented higher vessel frequency, thicker-walled fibers, and lower vulnerability index. SJS's population had longer fibers, wider rays and a higher ray frequency, and higher vulnerability index. This suite of characters indicates that the MAQ population has a safer and more efficient xylem structure for water conduction. Under the influence of similar climate and soil type, differences regarding wood anatomical traits found between the two populations of Ficus cestrifolia can thus be regarded as an ecological response to the micro-environmental soils nutrients composition.
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31
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Li Y, Li J, Gao L, Tian Y. Irrigation has more influence than fertilization on leaching water quality and the potential environmental risk in excessively fertilized vegetable soils. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0204570. [PMID: 30261079 PMCID: PMC6160137 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0204570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive fertilization is a common agricultural practice that often negatively influence soil and environmental quality in intensive vegetable production systems in China. To reduce negative effects of excessive fertilization, current studies generally focused on fertilizer management but not irrigation. In this study, we investigated the effects of fertilization and irrigation on soil properties, leaching water characteristics, plant growth, cucumber yield, irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) and partial factor productivity of nitrogen (PFPN) in a double cropping system. The treatments included (i) conventional irrigation with conventional N fertilization (IcNc), (ii) optimal irrigation with conventional N fertilization (IoNc), (iii) conventional irrigation with optimal N fertilization (IcNo), and (iv) optimal irrigation with optimal N fertilization (IoNo). In general, fertilization merely influenced concentrations of nitrate (NO3-), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K), but did not affect most leaching water characteristics. In contrast, irrigation influenced pH, EC and concentrations of P, K, Ca, Mg, Na and Cu. Cumulative leached amounts of NO3-, P, K, Ca, Mg, Na, Fe, Cu and Zn were significantly decreased by optimal irrigation as compared to conventional irrigation under same fertilization conditions, but not by optimal fertilization as compared to conventional fertilization under same irrigation conditions. The leachate volume was strongly positively correlated with cumulative leached amounts of all tested elements, and these relationships were obviously influenced by irrigation but not fertilization. The IoNo treatment significantly increased both IWUE and PFPN as compared to the IcNc treatment. However, the IcNo treatment only enhanced PFPN, while the IoNc treatment improved IWUE, when compared to the IcNc treatment. Our results suggested that irrigation has more influence than fertilization on leaching water quality and that the optimal irrigation combined with optimal fertilization was efficient in reducing the potential environmental risk caused by excessive fertilization in intensive vegetable production systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Juanqi Li
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lihong Gao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (YT); (LG)
| | - Yongqiang Tian
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (YT); (LG)
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32
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Effects of Field Inoculation with VAM and Bacteria Consortia on Root Growth and Nutrients Uptake in Common Wheat. SUSTAINABILITY 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/su10093286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of a commercial biofertilizer containing the mycorrhizal fungus Rhizophagus irregularis and the diazotrophic N-fixing bacterium Azotobacter vinelandii on root and shoot growth, yield, and nutrient uptake in common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in order to improve the sustainable cultivation of this widespread crop. The trials were carried out in controlled conditions (rhizoboxes) and in open fields over two years to investigate the interaction between inoculation and three doses of nitrogen fertilization (160, 120 and 80 kg ha−1) in a silty-loam soil of the Po Plain (NE Italy). In rhizoboxes, efficient root colonization by R. irregularis was observed at 50 days after sowing with seed inoculation, together with improved root tip density and branching (+~30% vs. controls), while the effects of post-emergence inoculation by soil and foliar spraying were not observable at plant sampling. In the open, field spraying at end tillering significantly increased the volumetric root length density (RLD, +22% vs. controls) and root area density (+18%) after about two months (flowering stage) in both years under medium and high N fertilization doses, but not at the lowest N dose. In absence of inoculation, RLD progressively decreased with increased N doses. Inoculation had a negligible effect on grain yield and N uptake, which followed a typical N dose-response model, while straw Zn, P, and K concentrations were seldom improved. It is concluded that medium-high N fertilization doses are required to achieve the target yield and standards of quality (protein contents) in wheat cultivation, while the use of this mixed VAM-PGPR biofertilizer appears to be a sustainable mean for minimizing the adverse effects of chemical N fertilizers on root expansion and for improving the uptake of low-mobility nutrients, which has potentially relevant environmental benefits.
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Krasowski MJ, Lavigne MB, Szuter MA, Olesinski J, Kershaw JA, McGarrigle E. Age-related changes in survival and turnover rates of balsam fir (Abies balsamea (L.) Mill.) fine roots. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 38:865-876. [PMID: 29452424 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpy010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Fine-root (≤2 mm) demographics change as forests age, but the direction and extent of change are unknown. Knowledge of the change and understanding of causes will improve predictions of climate change impacts. We used minirhizotrons at three young and three mature balsam fir (Abies balsamea (L.) Mill.) sites to measure median lifespan (MLS) for each site and for annual cohorts. We computed turnover rate from the inverse of MLS (Tinv) and calculated a second turnover rate (T) from annual mortality, annual production and previous year-end standing crop. Median lifespan at mature sites (436 days) was half that at young sites (872 days). Median lifespan of annual cohorts varied widely at all sites. Age-class distributions of fine roots seen by minirhizotrons changed with increasing years of observation, with older age classes accumulating more slowly at mature sites. Our findings highlight the need to determine whether the proportional contributions of absorbing and transporting fine roots to annual production and their median lifespans change during stand development. Due to its variation among annual cohorts, we believe robust estimates of MLS at our sites require 5-7 years of observation, and reliable estimates of Tinv are reached earlier than T.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek J Krasowski
- Faculty of Forestry and Environmental Management, University of New Brunswick, PO Box 4400, 28 Dineen Drive, Fredericton, NB E3B 5A6, Canada
| | - Michael B Lavigne
- Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service - Atlantic Forestry Centre, PO Box 4000, Fredericton, NB E3B 5P7, Canada
| | - Michael A Szuter
- Faculty of Forestry and Environmental Management, University of New Brunswick, PO Box 4400, 28 Dineen Drive, Fredericton, NB E3B 5A6, Canada
- Applied Ecological Services, Inc., 80 Franklin St., Dublin, OH 43017, USA
| | - Jakub Olesinski
- Faculty of Forestry and Environmental Management, University of New Brunswick, PO Box 4400, 28 Dineen Drive, Fredericton, NB E3B 5A6, Canada
- Environment and Natural Resources, PO Box 4354, 173 Hay River Dene Reserve, Hay River, NT X0E 0R7, Canada
| | - John A Kershaw
- Faculty of Forestry and Environmental Management, University of New Brunswick, PO Box 4400, 28 Dineen Drive, Fredericton, NB E3B 5A6, Canada
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Wu Q, Wu J, Zheng B, Guo Y. Optimizing soil-coring strategies to quantify root-length-density distribution in field-grown maize: virtual coring trials using 3-D root architecture models. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2018; 121:809-819. [PMID: 29155915 PMCID: PMC5906962 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcx117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Root distribution has a major influence on soil exploration and nutrient and water acquisition by plants. Soil coring is a well-known way to estimate root distribution. However, identifying an optimal core-sampling strategy is important if one is to strike the right balance between the high cost of making field estimates of root length density (RLD) vs. the need for accurate estimates. Virtual assessment of competing soil-coring strategies, based on three-dimensional (3-D) models of root system architecture (RSA), is a highly effective way to find that balance. METHODS The trajectories of the axile roots of two maize cultivars having contrasting axile root angles were measured in the field using in situ 3-D digitization. Lateral roots were also measured by recording topological and geometrical parameters. Based on the measurement dataset obtained, contrasting 3-D RSA models of individual maize plants were constructed in which the different lateral rooting angles were represented. Using these RSA models the accuracies of various core-sampling strategies for estimating RLD were assessed in a series of virtual experiments. KEY RESULTS Substantial biases occur if a one-core sampling strategy is used to estimate RLD. The biases largely remain for two-core sampling, although a weighting method can reduce these. However, given that identification of an optimal weighting method is difficult in practice, a new sampling strategy is proposed based on an area-weighting algorithm. In this way low deviations in RLD estimation can be achieved by sampling between rows and also by using larger-diameter (7.5 or 10 cm) cores. CONCLUSIONS A 3-D root architecture model based on a detailed measurement dataset provides an ideal platform for assessing a range of soil-coring strategies. The improved two-core sampling strategy, based on an area-weighting algorithm, shows considerable promise as a cost-efficient way of obtaining good quality RLD estimates for maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wu
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (North China), Ministry of Agriculture, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Farming System, Center of Crop Chemical Control, College of Agronomy, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Wu
- Plant Phenomics Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enchancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bangyou Zheng
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Queensland Biosciences Precinct, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Yan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (North China), Ministry of Agriculture, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- For correspondence. E-mail
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Wang P, Shu M, Mou P, Weiner J. Fine root responses to temporal nutrient heterogeneity and competition in seedlings of two tree species with different rooting strategies. Ecol Evol 2018; 8:3367-3375. [PMID: 29607031 PMCID: PMC5869361 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.3794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
There is little direct evidence for effects of soil heterogeneity and root plasticity on the competitive interactions among plants. In this study, we experimentally examined the impacts of temporal nutrient heterogeneity on root growth and interactions between two plant species with very different rooting strategies: Liquidambar styraciflua (sweet gum), which shows high root plasticity in response to soil nutrient heterogeneity, and Pinus taeda (loblolly pine), a species with less plastic roots. Seedlings of the two species were grown in sandboxes in inter‐ and intraspecific combinations. Nutrients were applied in a patch either in a stable (slow‐release) or in a variable (pulse) manner. Plant aboveground biomass, fine root mass, root allocation between nutrient patch and outside the patch, and root vertical distribution were measured. L. styraciflua grew more aboveground (40% and 27% in stable and variable nutrient treatment, respectively) and fine roots (41% and 8% in stable and variable nutrient treatment, respectively) when competing with P. taeda than when competing with a conspecific individual, but the growth of P. taeda was not changed by competition from L. styraciflua. Temporal variation in patch nutrient level had little effect on the species’ competitive interactions. The more flexible L. styraciflua changed its vertical distribution of fine roots in response to competition from P. taeda, growing more roots in deeper soil layers compared to its roots in conspecific competition, leading to niche differentiation between the species, while the fine root distribution of P. taeda remained unchanged across all treatments. Synthesis. L. styraciflua showed greater flexibility in root growth by changing its root vertical distribution and occupying space of not occupied by P. taeda. This flexibility gave L. styraciflua an advantage in interspecific competition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing China
| | - Meng Shu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing China
| | - Pu Mou
- College of Life Sciences Beijing Normal University Beijing China
| | - Jacob Weiner
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences University of Copenhagen Frederiksberg Denmark
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Chen BM, Su JQ, Liao HX, Peng SL. A greater foraging scale, not a higher foraging precision, may facilitate invasion by exotic plants in nutrient-heterogeneous conditions. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2018; 121:561-569. [PMID: 29309538 PMCID: PMC5838839 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcx172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Soil nutrient heterogeneity has been proposed to influence competitive outcomes among different plant species. Thus, it is crucial to understand the effects of environmental heterogeneity on competition between exotic invasive and native species. However, the effects of soil nutrient heterogeneity on the competition between invasive and native plants have rarely been linked to root foraging behaviour. METHODS In this study, a competition experiment was performed with two invasive-native species pairs (BP-VC, Bidens pilosa vs. Vernonia cinerea; MM-PS, Mikania micrantha vs. Paederia scandens) grown under homogeneous and heterogeneous conditions in a common greenhouse environment. Root activity was assessed by determining the amount of strontium (Sr) taken up by the shoot of each species. KEY RESULTS The invasive species exhibited a greater foraging scale, whereas the native species exhibited a higher foraging precision. A trade-off between foraging scale and precision was observed within each pair of invasive-native species. Compared with soil homogeneity, soil heterogeneity significantly increased the biomass of the two invasive species, B. pilosa and M. micrantha, under competitive conditions. Within each pair, the invasive species exhibited greater relative competitive ability with respect to shoot mass, and considerably more Sr taken up by the invasive species compared with the native species. The Sr acquisition results indicate that nutrient-poor conditions may facilitate the competitive ability of the native species V. cinerea, whereas M. micrantha may possess a stronger competitive ability regardless of soil nutrient conditions. CONCLUSION Soil nutrient heterogeneity has the potential to promote the invasion of these two exotic species due to their larger foraging scale, stronger competitive ability and greater root activity relative to their counterpart native species. The present work highlights the importance of soil heterogeneity in plant invasion, particularly with regards to root foraging traits and competition between invasive and native plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao-Ming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- For correspondence. E-mail or ;
| | - Jin-Quan Su
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui-Xuan Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shao-Lin Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- For correspondence. E-mail or ;
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Chen W, Koide RT, Eissenstat DM. Nutrient foraging by mycorrhizas: From species functional traits to ecosystem processes. Funct Ecol 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Weile Chen
- Intercollege Graduate Degree Program in Ecology The Pennsylvania State University University Park PA USA
- Department of Ecosystem Science and Management The Pennsylvania State University University Park PA USA
| | - Roger T. Koide
- Intercollege Graduate Degree Program in Ecology The Pennsylvania State University University Park PA USA
- Department of Biology Brigham Young University Provo UT USA
| | - David M. Eissenstat
- Intercollege Graduate Degree Program in Ecology The Pennsylvania State University University Park PA USA
- Department of Ecosystem Science and Management The Pennsylvania State University University Park PA USA
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Fan X, Xu J, Lavoie M, Peijnenburg WJGM, Zhu Y, Lu T, Fu Z, Zhu T, Qian H. Multiwall carbon nanotubes modulate paraquat toxicity in Arabidopsis thaliana. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 233:633-641. [PMID: 29107903 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.10.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/28/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes can be either toxic or beneficial to plant growth and can also modulate toxicity of organic contaminants through surface sorption. The complex interacting toxic effects of carbon nanotubes and organic contaminants in plants have received little attention in the literature to date. In this study, the toxicity of multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT, 50 mg/L) and paraquat (MV, 0.82 mg/L), separately or in combination, were evaluated at the physiological and the proteomic level in Arabidopsis thaliana for 7-14 days. The results revealed that the exposure to MWCNT had no inhibitory effect on the growth of shoots and leaves. Rather, MWCNT stimulated the relative electron transport rate and the effective photochemical quantum yield of PSII value as compared to the control by around 12% and lateral root production up to nearly 4-fold as compared to the control. The protective effect of MWCNT on MV toxicity on the root surface area could be quantitatively explained by the extent of MV adsorption on MWCNT and was related to stimulation of photosynthesis, antioxidant protection and number and area of lateral roots which in turn helped nutrient assimilation. The influence of MWCNT and MV on photosynthesis and oxidative stress at the physiological level was consistent with the proteomics analysis, with various over-expressed photosynthesis-related proteins (by more than 2 folds) and various under-expressed oxidative stress related proteins (by about 2-3 folds). This study brings new insights into the interactive effects of two xenobiotics (MWCNT and MV) on the physiology of a model plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoji Fan
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, PR China
| | - Jiahui Xu
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, PR China
| | - Michel Lavoie
- Quebec-Ocean and Takuvik Joint International Research Unit, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - W J G M Peijnenburg
- Institute of Environmental Sciences (CML), Leiden University, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands; National Institute of Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Center for Safety of Substances and Products, P.O. Box 1, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Youchao Zhu
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, PR China
| | - Tao Lu
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, PR China
| | - Zhengwei Fu
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, PR China
| | - Tingheng Zhu
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, PR China
| | - Haifeng Qian
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, PR China.
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Du Y, Scheres B. Lateral root formation and the multiple roles of auxin. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2018; 69:155-167. [PMID: 28992266 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Root systems can display variable architectures that contribute to survival strategies of plants. The model plant Arabidopsis thaliana possesses a tap root system, in which the primary root and lateral roots (LRs) are major architectural determinants. The phytohormone auxin fulfils multiple roles throughout LR development. In this review, we summarize recent advances in our understanding of four aspects of LR formation: (i) LR positioning, which determines the spatial distribution of lateral root primordia (LRP) and LRs along primary roots; (ii) LR initiation, encompassing the activation of nuclear migration in specified lateral root founder cells (LRFCs) up to the first asymmetric cell division; (iii) LR outgrowth, the 'primordium-intrinsic' patterning of de novo organ tissues and a meristem; and (iv) LR emergence, an interaction between LRP and overlaying tissues to allow passage through cell layers. We discuss how auxin signaling, embedded in a changing developmental context, plays important roles in all four phases. In addition, we discuss how rapid progress in gene network identification and analysis, modeling, and four-dimensional imaging techniques have led to an increasingly detailed understanding of the dynamic regulatory networks that control LR development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujuan Du
- Plant Developmental Biology Group, Wageningen University Research, the Netherlands
| | - Ben Scheres
- Plant Developmental Biology Group, Wageningen University Research, the Netherlands
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Pflugfelder D, Metzner R, van Dusschoten D, Reichel R, Jahnke S, Koller R. Non-invasive imaging of plant roots in different soils using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). PLANT METHODS 2017; 13:102. [PMID: 29177002 PMCID: PMC5693507 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-017-0252-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Root systems are highly plastic and adapt according to their soil environment. Studying the particular influence of soils on root development necessitates the adaptation and evaluation of imaging methods for multiple substrates. Non-invasive 3D root images in soil can be obtained using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Not all substrates, however, are suitable for MRI. Using barley as a model plant we investigated the achievable image quality and the suitability for root phenotyping of six commercially available natural soil substrates of commonly occurring soil textures. The results are compared with two artificially composed substrates previously documented for MRI root imaging. RESULTS In five out of the eight tested substrates, barley lateral roots with diameters below 300 µm could still be resolved. In two other soils, only the thicker barley seminal roots were detectable. For these two substrates the minimal detectable root diameter was between 400 and 500 µm. Only one soil did not allow imaging of the roots with MRI. In the artificially composed substrates, soil moisture above 70% of the maximal water holding capacity (WHCmax) impeded root imaging. For the natural soil substrates, soil moisture had no effect on MRI root image quality in the investigated range of 50-80% WHCmax. CONCLUSIONS Almost all tested natural soil substrates allowed for root imaging using MRI. Half of these substrates resulted in root images comparable to our current lab standard substrate, allowing root detection down to a diameter of 300 µm. These soils were used as supplied by the vendor and, in particular, removal of ferromagnetic particles was not necessary. With the characterization of different soils, investigations such as trait stability across substrates are now possible using noninvasive MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Pflugfelder
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, IBG-2: Plant Sciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Wilhelm-Johnen- Str., 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Ralf Metzner
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, IBG-2: Plant Sciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Wilhelm-Johnen- Str., 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Dagmar van Dusschoten
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, IBG-2: Plant Sciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Wilhelm-Johnen- Str., 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Reichel
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, IBG-3: Agrosphere, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Wilhelm-Johnen- Str., 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Siegfried Jahnke
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, IBG-2: Plant Sciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Wilhelm-Johnen- Str., 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Robert Koller
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, IBG-2: Plant Sciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Wilhelm-Johnen- Str., 52425 Jülich, Germany
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Saiz-Fernández I, De Diego N, Brzobohatý B, Muñoz-Rueda A, Lacuesta M. The imbalance between C and N metabolism during high nitrate supply inhibits photosynthesis and overall growth in maize (Zea mays L.). PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2017; 120:213-222. [PMID: 29059604 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2017.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Revised: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) is an important regulator of photosynthetic carbon (C) flow in plants, and an adequate balance between N and C metabolism is needed for correct plant development. However, an excessive N supply can alter this balance and cause changes in specific organic compounds associated with primary and secondary metabolism, including plant growth regulators. In previous work, we observed that high nitrate supply (15 mM) to maize plants led to a decrease in leaf expansion and overall biomass production, when compared with low nitrate supply (5 mM). Thus, the aim of this work is to study how overdoses of nitrate can affect photosynthesis and plant development. The results show that high nitrate doses greatly increased amino acid production, which led to a decrease in the concentration of 2-oxoglutarate, the main source of C skeletons for N assimilation. The concentration of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (and possibly its product, ethylene) also rose in high nitrate plants, leading to a decrease in leaf expansion, reducing the demand for photoassimilates by the growing tissues and causing the accumulation of sugars in source leaves. This accumulation of sugars, together with the decrease in 2-oxoglutarate levels and the reduction in chlorophyll concentration, decreased plant photosynthetic rates. This work provides new insights into how high nitrate concentration alters the balance between C and N metabolism, reducing photosynthetic rates and disrupting whole plant development. These findings are particularly relevant since negative effects of nitrate in contexts other than root growth have rarely been studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iñigo Saiz-Fernández
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, E-01006, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; Laboratory of Plant Molecular Biology, Institute of Biophysics AS CR, CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, Phytophthora Research Centre, Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, CZ-613 00, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Nuria De Diego
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, E-01006, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Břetislav Brzobohatý
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Biology, Institute of Biophysics AS CR, CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, Phytophthora Research Centre, Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, CZ-613 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Alberto Muñoz-Rueda
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, E-48080, Leioa, Spain
| | - Maite Lacuesta
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, E-01006, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
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Liu C, Wu Q, Liu W, Gu Z, Wang W, Xu P, Ma H, Ge X. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases regulate cell division and development in Arabidopsis roots. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 59:459-474. [PMID: 28263025 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Root organogenesis involves cell division, differentiation and expansion. The molecular mechanisms regulating root development are not fully understood. In this study, we identified poly(adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-ribose) polymerases (PARPs) as new players in root development. PARP catalyzes poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation of proteins by repeatedly adding ADP-ribose units onto proteins using nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+ ) as the donor. We found that inhibition of PARP activities by 3-aminobenzomide (3-AB) increased the growth rates of both primary and lateral roots, leading to a more developed root system. The double mutant of Arabidopsis PARPs, parp1parp2, showed more rapid primary and lateral root growth. Cyclin genes regulating G1-to-S and G2-to-M transition were up-regulated upon treatment by 3-AB. The proportion of 2C cells increased while cells with higher DNA ploidy declined in the roots of treated plants, resulting in an enlarged root meristematic zone. The expression level of PARP2 was very low in the meristematic zone but high in the maturation zone, consistent with a role of PARP in inhibiting mitosis and promoting cell differentiation. Our results suggest that PARPs play an important role in root development by negatively regulating root cell division.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caifeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Qiao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Weiwei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Zongyin Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Wenjing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Ping Xu
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR47TJ, UK
| | - Hong Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Xiaochun Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
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Khare D, Mitsuda N, Lee S, Song W, Hwang D, Ohme‐Takagi M, Martinoia E, Lee Y, Hwang J. Root avoidance of toxic metals requires the GeBP-LIKE 4 transcription factor in Arabidopsis thaliana. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2017; 213:1257-1273. [PMID: 27768815 PMCID: PMC5248625 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Plants reorganize their root architecture to avoid growth into unfavorable regions of the rhizosphere. In a screen based on chimeric repressor gene-silencing technology, we identified the Arabidopsis thaliana GeBP-LIKE 4 (GPL4) transcription factor as an inhibitor of root growth that is induced rapidly in root tips in response to cadmium (Cd). We tested the hypothesis that GPL4 functions in the root avoidance of Cd by analyzing root proliferation in split medium, in which only half of the medium contained toxic concentrations of Cd. The wild-type (WT) plants exhibited root avoidance by inhibiting root growth in the Cd side but increasing root biomass in the control side. By contrast, GPL4-suppression lines exhibited nearly comparable root growth in the Cd and control sides and accumulated more Cd in the shoots than did the WT. GPL4 suppression also altered the root avoidance of toxic concentrations of other essential metals, modulated the expression of many genes related to oxidative stress, and consistently decreased reactive oxygen species concentrations. We suggest that GPL4 inhibits the growth of roots exposed to toxic metals by modulating reactive oxygen species concentrations, thereby allowing roots to colonize noncontaminated regions of the rhizosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepa Khare
- Department of Life SciencePohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH)Pohang37673Korea
| | - Nobukata Mitsuda
- Bioproduction Research InstituteNational Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and TechnologyTsukubaJapan
| | - Seungchul Lee
- School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and BioengineeringPOSTECHPohang37673Korea
| | - Won‐Yong Song
- Department of Life SciencePohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH)Pohang37673Korea
- Division of Integrative Bioscience and BiotechnologyPOSTECHPohang37673Korea
| | - Daehee Hwang
- School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and BioengineeringPOSTECHPohang37673Korea
- Department of New Biology and Center for Plant Aging ResearchDGISTDaegu42988Korea
| | - Masaru Ohme‐Takagi
- Bioproduction Research InstituteNational Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and TechnologyTsukubaJapan
- Division of Strategic Research and DevelopmentGraduate School of Science and EngineeringSaitama UniversitySaitamaJapan
| | - Enrico Martinoia
- Department of Plant and Microbial BiologyUniversity ZurichZollikerstrasse 107CH‐8008ZürichSwitzerland
| | - Youngsook Lee
- Department of Life SciencePohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH)Pohang37673Korea
- Division of Integrative Bioscience and BiotechnologyPOSTECHPohang37673Korea
| | - Jae‐Ung Hwang
- Department of Life SciencePohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH)Pohang37673Korea
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Gao R, Wang Y, Gruber MY, Hannoufa A. miR156/SPL10 Modulates Lateral Root Development, Branching and Leaf Morphology in Arabidopsis by Silencing AGAMOUS-LIKE 79. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:2226. [PMID: 29354153 PMCID: PMC5758603 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.02226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The developmental functions of miR156-SPL regulatory network have been extensively studied in Arabidopsis, but the downstream genes regulated by each SPL have not been well characterized. In this study, Next Generation Sequencing-based transcriptome analysis was performed on roots of wild type (WT) and miR156 overexpression (miR156OE) plants. One of the SPL genes, SPL10, which represses lateral root growth in Arabidopsis, was significantly downregulated in miR156OE plants. A transcription factor, AGAMOUS-like MADS box protein 79 (AGL79), was also significantly downregulated in the miR156OE plants, but was upregulated in the SPL10 overexpression (SPL10OE) Arabidopsis plants. In addition, SPL10 was found to bind to the core consensus SPL binding sequences in AGL79 gene. Moreover, analyses of complementation lines revealed a linear relationship between SPL10 and AGL79 in regulating Arabidopsis plant development. In addition, it was observed that plant phenotypes are AGL79 dose-dependent, with higher expression causing narrow leaf shape, less number of leaves and early flowering time, whereas relatively lower AGL79 overexpression produce plants with more rosette leaves and more lateral branches. Our findings revealed direct binding of SPL10 to AGL79 promoter, which further suggests a role for miR156/SPL10 module in plant lateral root growth by directly regulating AGL79.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruimin Gao
- London Research and Development Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, ON, Canada
| | - Ying Wang
- London Research and Development Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, ON, Canada
| | - Margaret Y. Gruber
- Saskatoon Research and Development Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Abdelali Hannoufa
- London Research and Development Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, ON, Canada
- *Correspondence: Abdelali Hannoufa
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Kowallik V, Greig D. A systematic forest survey showing an association of Saccharomyces paradoxus with oak leaf litter. ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2016; 8:833-841. [PMID: 27481438 DOI: 10.1111/1758-2229.12446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Although we understand the genetics of the laboratory model yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae very well, we know little about the natural ecology and environment that shaped its genome. Most isolates of Saccharomyces paradoxus, the wild relative of S. cerevisiae, come from oak trees, but it is not known whether this is because oak is their primary habitat. We surveyed leaf litter in a forest in Northern Germany and found a strong correlation between isolation success of wild Saccharomyces and the proximity of the nearest oak. We compared the four most common tree genera and found Saccharomyces most frequently in oak litter. Interestingly, we show that Saccharomyces is much more abundant in oak leaf litter than on oak bark, suggesting that it grows in litter or soil rather than on the surfaces of oaks themselves. The distribution and abundance of Saccharomyces over the course of a year shows that oak leaf litter provides a stable habitat for the yeast, although there was significant tree-to-tree variation. Taken together, our results suggest that leaf litter rather than tree surfaces provide the better habitat for wild Saccharomyces, with oak being the preferred tree genus. 99.5% of all strains (633/636) isolated were S. paradoxus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vienna Kowallik
- Experimental Evolution Group, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, 24306 Plön, Germany
| | - Duncan Greig
- Experimental Evolution Group, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, 24306 Plön, Germany
- Department of Genetics, Evolution, and Environment, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
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Willis A, Harris P, Rodrigues B, Sparks T. Primary sand-dune plant community and soil properties during the west-coast India monsoon. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1515/eje-2016-0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
A seven-station interrupted belt transect was established that followed a previously observed plant zonation pattern across an aggrading primary coastal dune system in the dry tropical region of west-coast India. The dominant weather pattern is monsoon from June to November, followed by hot and dry winter months when rainfall is scarce. Physical and chemical soil characteristics in each of the stations were analysed on five separate occasions, the first before the onset of monsoon, three during and the last post-monsoon. The plant community pattern was confirmed by quadrat survey. A pH gradient decreased with distance from the shoreline. Nutrient concentrations were deficient, increasing only in small amounts until the furthest station inland. At that location, there was a distinct and abrupt pedological transition zone from psammite to humic soils. There was a significant increase over previous stations in mean organic matter, ammonium nitrate and soil-water retention, although the increase in real terms was small. ANOVA showed significant variation in electrical conductivity, phosphorus, calcium, magnesium and sodium concentrations over time. There was no relationship between soil chemistry characteristics and plant community structure over the transect. Ipomoea pes-caprae and Spinifex littoreus were restricted to the foredunes, the leguminous forb Alysicarpus vaginalis and Perotis indica to the two stations furthest from the strand. Ischaemum indicum, a C4 perennial grass species adopting an ephemeral strategy was, in contrast, ubiquitous to all stations.
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48
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The effect of nitrogen level on rice growth, carbon-nitrogen metabolism and gene expression. Biologia (Bratisl) 2015. [DOI: 10.1515/biolog-2015-0148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Eissenstat DM, Kucharski JM, Zadworny M, Adams TS, Koide RT. Linking root traits to nutrient foraging in arbuscular mycorrhizal trees in a temperate forest. NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2015; 208:114-24. [PMID: 25970701 DOI: 10.1111/nph.13451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/05/2015] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- David M. Eissenstat
- Intercollege Graduate Degree Program in Plant Biology Penn State University University Park PA 16802 USA
- Department of Ecosystem Science and Management Penn State University University Park PA 16802 USA
| | - Joshua M. Kucharski
- Intercollege Graduate Degree Program in Plant Biology Penn State University University Park PA 16802 USA
| | - Marcin Zadworny
- Intercollege Graduate Degree Program in Plant Biology Penn State University University Park PA 16802 USA
- Institute of Dendrology Polish Academy of Sciences Parkowa 5 62‐035 Kórnik Poland
| | - Thomas S. Adams
- Department of Ecosystem Science and Management Penn State University University Park PA 16802 USA
| | - Roger T. Koide
- Intercollege Graduate Degree Program in Plant Biology Penn State University University Park PA 16802 USA
- Department of Biology Brigham Young University Provo UT 84602 USA
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Yu P, Hochholdinger F, Li C. Root-type-specific plasticity in response to localized high nitrate supply in maize (Zea mays). ANNALS OF BOTANY 2015; 116:751-62. [PMID: 26346717 PMCID: PMC4590331 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcv127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2015] [Revised: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Shoot-borne roots contribute to most of the nutrient uptake throughout the life cycle of maize (Zea mays). Compared with numerous studies with embryonic roots, detailed information on the phenotypic plasticity of shoot-borne roots in response to a heterogeneous nitrogen supply is scarce. The present study therefore provides a comprehensive profile of fine-scale plastic responses of distinct root types to localized high nitrate supply. METHODS Seedlings of the maize inbred line B73 were grown in split-root systems. The anatomy and morphological plasticity of the primary root and the roots initiated from the 2nd, 5th and 7th shoot nodes, and their lateral roots, were studied in response to local high nitrate supply to one side of the root system. KEY RESULTS In contrast to the insensitivity of axial roots, local high nitrate supply increased the length of 1st-order lateral roots on the primary root and the three whorls of shoot-borne roots at different growth stages, and increased the density of 1st-order lateral roots on the 7th shoot-borne root after silking. The length and density of 2nd-order lateral roots on the three whorls of shoot-borne roots displayed a more flexible response to local high nitrate than 1st-order lateral roots. Root diameter and number, and total area and diameter of metaxylem vessels increased from the primary root to early and then later developed shoot-borne roots, which showed a positive relationship with shoot growth and N accumulation. CONCLUSIONS Maize axial roots and lateral roots responded differently to local high nitrate, and this was related to their function. The extent of morphological plasticity of lateral roots in response to local high nitrate depended on the initiation time of the shoot-borne roots on which the lateral roots developed. Morphological plasticity was higher on 2nd-order than on 1st-order lateral roots. The results suggest that higher order lateral root branching might be a potential target for genetic improvement in future maize breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Yu
- Department of Plant Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2, Beijing 100193, PR China and Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, Division of Crop Functional Genomics, University of Bonn, D-53113 Bonn, Germany
| | - Frank Hochholdinger
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, Division of Crop Functional Genomics, University of Bonn, D-53113 Bonn, Germany
| | - Chunjian Li
- Department of Plant Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2, Beijing 100193, PR China and
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