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Liang Z, Xu H, Qi H, Fei Y, Cui J. Genome-wide identification and analysis of ascorbate peroxidase (APX) gene family in hemp ( Cannabis sativa L.) under various abiotic stresses. PeerJ 2024; 12:e17249. [PMID: 38685943 PMCID: PMC11057428 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Ascorbate peroxidase (APX) plays a critical role in molecular mechanisms such as plant development and defense against abiotic stresses. As an important economic crop, hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) is vulnerable to adverse environmental conditions, such as drought, cold, salt, and oxidative stress, which lead to a decline in yield and quality. Although APX genes have been characterized in a variety of plants, members of the APX gene family in hemp have not been completely identified. In this study, we (1) identified eight members of the CsAPX gene family in hemp and mapped their locations on the chromosomes using bioinformatics analysis; (2) examined the physicochemical characteristics of the proteins encoded by these CsAPX gene family members; (3) investigated their intraspecific collinearity, gene structure, conserved domains, conserved motifs, and cis-acting elements; (4) constructed a phylogenetic tree and analyzed interspecific collinearity; and (5) ascertained expression differences in leaf tissue subjected to cold, drought, salt, and oxidative stresses using quantitative real-time-PCR (qRT-PCR). Under all four stresses, CsAPX6, CsAPX7, and CsAPX8 consistently exhibited significant upregulation, whereas CsAPX2 displayed notably higher expression levels under drought stress than under the other stresses. Taken together, the results of this study provide basic genomic information on the expression of the APX gene family and pave the way for studying the role of APX genes in abiotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixiao Liang
- College of Life Sciences and Agroforestry, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar City, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Hongguo Xu
- College of Life Sciences and Agroforestry, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar City, Heilongjiang Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Resistance Genetic Engineering and Cold Biodiversity Conservation, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar City, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Hongying Qi
- College of Life Sciences and Agroforestry, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar City, Heilongjiang Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Resistance Genetic Engineering and Cold Biodiversity Conservation, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar City, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Yiying Fei
- College of Life Sciences and Agroforestry, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar City, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Jiaying Cui
- College of Life Sciences and Agroforestry, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar City, Heilongjiang Province, China
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Mao K, Yang J, Sun Y, Guo X, Qiu L, Mei Q, Li N, Ma F. MdbHLH160 is stabilized via reduced MdBT2-mediated degradation to promote MdSOD1 and MdDREB2A-like expression for apple drought tolerance. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 194:1181-1203. [PMID: 37930306 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Drought stress is a key environmental factor limiting the productivity, quality, and geographic distribution of crops worldwide. Abscisic acid (ABA) plays an important role in plant drought stress responses, but the molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we report an ABA-responsive bHLH transcription factor, MdbHLH160, which promotes drought tolerance in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) and apple (Malus domestica). Under drought conditions, MdbHLH160 is directly bound to the MdSOD1 (superoxide dismutase 1) promoter and activated its transcription, thereby triggering reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging and enhancing apple drought tolerance. MdbHLH160 also promoted MdSOD1 enzyme activity and accumulation in the nucleus through direct protein interactions, thus inhibiting excessive nuclear ROS levels. Moreover, MdbHLH160 directly upregulated the expression of MdDREB2A-like, a DREB (dehydration-responsive element binding factor) family gene that promotes apple drought tolerance. Protein degradation and ubiquitination assays showed that drought and ABA treatment stabilized MdbHLH160. The BTB protein MdBT2 was identified as an MdbHLH160-interacting protein that promoted MdbHLH160 ubiquitination and degradation, and ABA treatment substantially inhibited this process. Overall, our findings provide insights into the molecular mechanisms of ABA-modulated drought tolerance at both the transcriptional and post-translational levels via the ABA-MdBT2-MdbHLH160-MdSOD1/MdDREB2A-like cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jie Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yunxia Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xin Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lina Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Quanlin Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Na Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fengwang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
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Mishra N, Jiang C, Chen L, Paul A, Chatterjee A, Shen G. Achieving abiotic stress tolerance in plants through antioxidative defense mechanisms. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1110622. [PMID: 37332720 PMCID: PMC10272748 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1110622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Climate change has increased the overall impact of abiotic stress conditions such as drought, salinity, and extreme temperatures on plants. Abiotic stress adversely affects the growth, development, crop yield, and productivity of plants. When plants are subjected to various environmental stress conditions, the balance between the production of reactive oxygen species and its detoxification through antioxidant mechanisms is disturbed. The extent of disturbance depends on the severity, intensity, and duration of abiotic stress. The equilibrium between the production and elimination of reactive oxygen species is maintained due to both enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidative defense mechanisms. Non-enzymatic antioxidants include both lipid-soluble (α-tocopherol and β-carotene) and water-soluble (glutathione, ascorbate, etc.) antioxidants. Ascorbate peroxidase (APX), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione reductase (GR) are major enzymatic antioxidants that are essential for ROS homeostasis. In this review, we intend to discuss various antioxidative defense approaches used to improve abiotic stress tolerance in plants and the mechanism of action of the genes or enzymes involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neelam Mishra
- Department of Botany, St. Joseph’s University, Bangalore, KA, India
| | - Chenkai Jiang
- Institute of Sericulture and Tea, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Institute of Sericulture and Tea, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | | | | | - Guoxin Shen
- Institute of Sericulture and Tea, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Pang X, Chen J, Xu Y, Liu J, Zhong Y, Wang L, Zheng J, Wan H. Genome-wide characterization of ascorbate peroxidase gene family in pepper ( Capsicum annuum L.) in response to multiple abiotic stresses. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1189020. [PMID: 37251751 PMCID: PMC10210635 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1189020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Pepper is widely grown all over the world, so it faces many abiotic stresses, such as drought, high temperature, low temperature, salt damage, and so on. Stresses causing the accumulation of reactive oxidative species (ROS) in plants are removed by antioxidant defense systems, and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) is an important antioxidant enzyme. Therefore, the present study performed genome-wide identification of the APX gene family in pepper. We identified nine members of the APX gene family in the pepper genome according to the APX proteins' conserved domain in Arabidopsis thaliana. The physicochemical property analysis showed that CaAPX3 had the longest protein sequence and the largest molecular weight of all genes, while CaAPX9 had the shortest protein sequence and the smallest MW. The gene structure analysis showed that CaAPXs were composed of seven to 10 introns. The CaAPX genes were divided into four groups. The APX genes of groups I and IV were localized in the peroxisomes and chloroplasts, respectively; the group II genes were localized in the chloroplasts and mitochondria; and the group III genes were located in the cytoplasm and extracell. The conservative motif analysis showed that all APX genes in the pepper had motif 2, motif 3, and motif 5. The APX gene family members were distributed on five chromosomes (Chr. 2, 4, 6, 8, and 9). The cis-acting element analysis showed that most CaAPX genes contain a variety of cis-elements related to plant hormones and abiotic stress. RNA-seq expression analysis showed that the expression patterns of nine APXs were different in vegetative and reproductive organs at different growth and development stages. In addition, the qRT-PCR analysis of the CaAPX genes revealed significant differential expression in response to high temperature, low temperature, and salinity stresses in leaf tissue. In conclusion, our study identified the APX gene family members in the pepper and predicted the functions of this gene family, which would provide resources for further functional characterization of CaAPX genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Pang
- Suzhou Polytechnic Institute of Agriculture, Suzhou, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Suzhou Polytechnic Institute of Agriculture, Suzhou, China
| | - Yang Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Vegetables, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Wulanchabu Academy of Agricultural and Husbandry Sciences, Wulanchabu, China
| | - Yangmin Zhong
- Institute of Crops, Lishui Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Lishui, China
| | - Linlin Wang
- Institute of Crops, Lishui Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Lishui, China
| | - Jiaqiu Zheng
- Jiangsu Coastal Area Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Yancheng, China
| | - Hongjian Wan
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Vegetables, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
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Negi S, Bhakta S, Ganapathi TR, Tak H. MusaNAC29-like transcription factor improves stress tolerance through modulation of phytohormone content and expression of stress responsive genes. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 326:111507. [PMID: 36332768 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the molecular mechanisms governed by genes and cross-talks among stress signaling pathways is vital for generating a broad view on stress responses in plants. Here, we analysed the effects of MusaNAC29-like transcription factor of banana on stress responses and report the quantitative modulation of phytohormone and flavonoid content and analysed the growth parameters and yield trait in transgenic banana plants. Expression of MusaNAC29-like transcription factor was strongly altered in responses to stress conditions and application of signaling molecules. Under control conditions, PMusaNAC29-like-GUS is activated in cells bordering xylem vessel elements and is strongly triggered in other cells types after influence of salicylic acid and abscisic acid. Transgenic banana plants of cultivar Rasthali and Grand Naine overexpressing MusaNAC29-like transcription factor displayed superior tolerance towards drought and salinity stress. LC-MS analysis indicated elevated levels of jasmonic acid and salicylic acid while content of zeatin was significantly reduced in leaves of transgenic banana lines. Transgenic banana lines displayed increased levels of gallic acid, coumaric acid, naringenin, chlorogenic acid while levels of vanillic acid and piperine were significantly reduced. Expression of stress related genes coding for antioxidants, thiol peptidase proteins, cold-regulated proteins, late embryogenesis abundant proteins, ethylene-responsive transcription factors, bHLH proteins, jasmonate-zim-domain proteins and WRKY transcription factors were significantly induced in transgenic banana lines. Though MusaNAC29-like transcription factor improved stress tolerance, its overexpression resulted in retarded growth of transgenic lines resulting in reduced yield of banana fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjana Negi
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Mumbai, Mumbai 400098, India.
| | - Subham Bhakta
- Plant Cell Culture Technology Section, Nuclear Agriculture and Biotechnology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - T R Ganapathi
- Plant Cell Culture Technology Section, Nuclear Agriculture and Biotechnology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Himanshu Tak
- Plant Cell Culture Technology Section, Nuclear Agriculture and Biotechnology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400094, India.
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Lin XY, Zhang NN, Yao BH, Zhang X, Liu WY, Zhang WQ, Zhang JH, Wei GH, Chen J. Interactions between hydrogen sulphide and rhizobia modulate the physiological and metabolism process during water deficiency-induced oxidative defense in soybean. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2022; 45:3249-3274. [PMID: 36043459 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulphide (H2 S), a new gas signal molecule, participates in the regulation of various abiotic stresses in plants. However, how the tandem working of H2 S and rhizobia affects the adaptation of soybean to water deficiency is still unclear. In this study, we investigated the adaptation mechanism of H2 S and rhizobia in soybean to water deficiency. Our results revealed that H2 S and rhizobia jointly enhanced the leaf chlorophyll content and relative water content in plants, and caused an increase in the biomass of soybean seedlings under water deficiency. Besides, in the absence of water, H2 S enhanced the biomass by affecting the number of nodules and nitrogenase activity during vegetative growth. The expression of nodulation marker genes including early nodulin 40 (GmENOD40), ERF required for nodulation (GmERN) and nodulation inception genes (GmNIN1a, GmNIN2a and GmNIN2b) were upregulated by H2 S and rhizobia in the nodules. Moreover, the combined effect of H2 S and rhizobia was proved to affect the enzyme activities and gene expression level of antioxidants, as well as osmotic protective substance content and related gene expression levels under water deficiency in soybean seedlings. In addition, the metabolomic results suggested that the combined effect of H2 S and rhizobia remarkably promoted the contents of lipids and lipid-like molecules. Our results indicated that H2 S and rhizobia synergistically reduced the oxidative damage caused by water deficiency through increasing the accumulation of metabolites and strengthening the plant antioxidant capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Yuan Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Ni-Na Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Bai-Hui Yao
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Wu-Yu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Qin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Hua Zhang
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Ge-Hong Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
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Raza A, Sharif Y, Chen K, Wang L, Fu H, Zhuang Y, Chitikineni A, Chen H, Zhang C, Varshney RK, Zhuang W. Genome-Wide Characterization of Ascorbate Peroxidase Gene Family in Peanut ( Arachis hypogea L.) Revealed Their Crucial Role in Growth and Multiple Stress Tolerance. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:962182. [PMID: 36186077 PMCID: PMC9524023 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.962182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Ascorbate peroxidase (APX), an important antioxidant enzyme, plays a significant role in ROS scavenging by catalyzing the decrease of hydrogen peroxide under various environmental stresses. Nevertheless, information about the APX gene family and their evolutionary and functional attributes in peanut (Arachis hypogea L.) was not reported. Therefore, a comprehensive genome-wide study was performed to discover the APX genes in cultivated peanut genome. This study identified 166 AhAPX genes in the peanut genome, classified into 11 main groups. The gene duplication analysis showed that AhAPX genes had experienced segmental duplications and purifying selection pressure. Gene structure and motif investigation indicated that most of the AhAPX genes exhibited a comparatively well-preserved exon-intron pattern and motif configuration contained by the identical group. We discovered five phytohormones-, six abiotic stress-, and five growth and development-related cis-elements in the promoter regions of AhAPX. Fourteen putative ah-miRNAs from 12 families were identified, targeting 33 AhAPX genes. Furthermore, we identified 3,257 transcription factors from 38 families (including AP2, ARF, B3, bHLH, bZIP, ERF, MYB, NAC, WRKY, etc.) in 162 AhAPX genes. Gene ontology and KEGG enrichment analysis confirm the role of AhAPX genes in oxidoreductase activity, catalytic activity, cell junction, cellular response to stimulus and detoxification, biosynthesis of metabolites, and phenylpropanoid metabolism. Based on transcriptome datasets, some genes such as AhAPX4/7/17/77/82/86/130/133 and AhAPX160 showed significantly higher expression in diverse tissues/organs, i.e., flower, leaf, stem, roots, peg, testa, and cotyledon. Likewise, only a few genes, including AhAPX4/17/19/55/59/82/101/102/137 and AhAPX140, were significantly upregulated under abiotic (drought and cold), and phytohormones (ethylene, abscisic acid, paclobutrazol, brassinolide, and salicylic acid) treatments. qRT-PCR-based expression profiling presented the parallel expression trends as generated from transcriptome datasets. Our discoveries gave new visions into the evolution of APX genes and provided a base for further functional examinations of the AhAPX genes in peanut breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Raza
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Center of Legume Plant Genetics and Systems Biology, College of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (FAFU), Fuzhou, China
| | - Yasir Sharif
- College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (FAFU), Fuzhou, China
| | - Kun Chen
- College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (FAFU), Fuzhou, China
| | - Lihui Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (FAFU), Fuzhou, China
| | - Huiwen Fu
- College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (FAFU), Fuzhou, China
| | - Yuhui Zhuang
- College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (FAFU), Fuzhou, China
| | - Annapurna Chitikineni
- Murdoch’s Centre for Crop and Food Innovation, State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, Food Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Hua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Center of Legume Plant Genetics and Systems Biology, College of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (FAFU), Fuzhou, China
- College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (FAFU), Fuzhou, China
| | - Chong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Center of Legume Plant Genetics and Systems Biology, College of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (FAFU), Fuzhou, China
- College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (FAFU), Fuzhou, China
| | - Rajeev K. Varshney
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Center of Legume Plant Genetics and Systems Biology, College of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (FAFU), Fuzhou, China
- Murdoch’s Centre for Crop and Food Innovation, State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, Food Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Weijian Zhuang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Center of Legume Plant Genetics and Systems Biology, College of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (FAFU), Fuzhou, China
- College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (FAFU), Fuzhou, China
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Fuentes-Merlos MI, Bamba M, Sato S, Higashitani A. Comparative Transcriptome Analysis of Grafted Tomato with Drought Tolerance. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11151947. [PMID: 35893651 PMCID: PMC9332811 DOI: 10.3390/plants11151947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Grafting is a method used in agriculture to improve crop production and tolerance to biotic and abiotic stress. This technique is widely used in tomato, Solanum lycopersicum L.; however, the effects of grafting on changes in gene expression associated with stress tolerance in shoot apical meristem cells are still under-discovered. To clarify the effect of grafting, we performed a transcriptomic analysis between non-grafted and grafted tomatoes using the tomato variety Momotaro-scion and rootstock varieties, TD1, GS, and GF. Drought tolerance was significantly improved not only by a combination of compatible resistant rootstock TD1 but also by self-grafted compared to non-grafted lines. Next, we found the differences in gene expression between grafted and non-grafted plants before and during drought stress treatment. These altered genes are involved in the regulation of plant hormones, stress response, and cell proliferation. Furthermore, when comparing compatible (Momo/TD1 and Momo/Momo) and incompatible (Momo/GF) grafted lines, the incompatible line reduced gene expression associated with phytohormones but increased in wounding and starvation stress-response genes. These results conclude that grafting generates drought stress tolerance through several gene expression changes in the apical meristem.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Atsushi Higashitani
- Correspondence: (M.I.F.-M.); (A.H.); Tel.: +81-22-217-5715 (A.H.); Fax: +81-22-217-5691 (A.H.)
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9
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Mallikarjuna MG, Sharma R, Veeraya P, Tyagi A, Rao AR, Hirenallur Chandappa L, Chinnusamy V. Evolutionary and functional characterisation of glutathione peroxidases showed splicing mediated stress responses in Maize. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2022; 178:40-54. [PMID: 35276595 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Maize (Zea mays L) is an important cereal with extensive adaptability and multifaceted usages. However, various abiotic and biotic stresses limit the productivity of maize across the globe. Exposure of plant to stresses disturb the balance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and scavenging, which subsequently increases cellular damage and death of plants. Tolerant genotypes have evolved higher output of scavenging antioxidative defence compounds (ADCs) during stresses as one of the protective mechanisms. The glutathione peroxidases (GPXs) are the broad class of ADCs family. The plant GPXs catalyse the reduction of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), lipid hydroperoxides and organic hydroperoxides to the corresponding alcohol, and facilitate the regulation of stress tolerance mechanisms. The present investigation was framed to study the maize GPXs using evolutionary and functional analyses. Seven GPX genes with thirteen splice-variants and sixty-three types of cis-acting elements were identified through whole-genome scanning in maize. Evolutionary analysis of GPXs in monocots and dicots revealed mixed and lineage-specific grouping patterns in phylogeny. The expression of ZmGPX splice variants was studied in drought and waterlogging tolerant (L1621701) and sensitive (PML10) genotypes in root and shoot tissues. Further, the differential expression of splice variants of ZmGPX1, ZmGPX3, ZmGPX6 and ZmGPX7 and regulatory network analysis suggested the splicing and regulatory elements mediated stress responses. The present investigation suggests targeting the splicing machinery of GPXs as an approach to enhance the stress tolerance in maize.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rinku Sharma
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Palanisamy Veeraya
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Akshita Tyagi
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | | | | | - Viswanathan Chinnusamy
- Division of Plant Physiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
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10
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Kumari A, Goyal M, Mittal A, Kumar R. Defensive capabilities of contrasting sorghum genotypes against Atherigona soccata (Rondani) infestation. PROTOPLASMA 2022; 259:809-822. [PMID: 34553239 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-021-01703-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Plants are equipped with a wide range of defensive mechanisms such as morphophysiological, biochemical, molecular, and hormonal signaling for protecting against insect-pest infestation. The infestation of a devastating pest shoot fly [Atherigona soccata (Rodani)] at seedling stage causes huge loss of sorghum crop productivity. In morphophysiological screening ICSV700, ICSV705, and IS18551 have been categorized as resistant, PSC-4 moderately resistant, SL-44 and SWARNA as susceptible. The present study focused on the role of defensive gene expression and its products viz: superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), glutathione reductase (GR), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), phenyl alanine ammonia lyase (PAL), responsive enzymes, and metabolites restoring redox status in sorghum plants against shoot fly infestation. In both leaf and stem tissue of sorghum genotypes, shoot fly infestation induced SOD, APX, DHAR, GR, PAL, and PPO activities while CAT activity was significantly declined at 15 and 21 days after emergence (DAE). IS18551 with resistant behavior showed upregulation of SOD, GR, APX, and DHAR along with accumulation of ascorbate, glutathione enhancing redox status of the plant during shoot fly infestation at later stage of infestation. While SWARNA with susceptible response exhibited enhanced activity of phenylpropanoid pathway enzymes PAL and PPO which in turn increased the levels of secondary metabolites like o-dihydroxyphenol and other phenols deterring the insect to attack the plant. The qRT-PCR data predicted that stress-responsive genes were initially unregulated in SWARNA; however, at 21 DAE, multifold higher expression of SOD, CAT, APX, and PPO (24.8-, 37.2-, 21.7-, and 17.9-fold respectively) in 1S18551 indicates the resistance behavior of this genotype against insect infestation owing to sustainable development capability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana Kumari
- Department of Biochemistry, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 141004, India.
| | - Meenakshi Goyal
- Department of Plant Breeding, and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 141004, India
| | - Amandeep Mittal
- School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 141004, India
| | - Ravinder Kumar
- Department of Vegetable Crops, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 141004, India
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11
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Yadav C, Bahuguna RN, Dhankher OP, Singla-Pareek SL, Pareek A. Physiological and molecular signatures reveal differential response of rice genotypes to drought and drought combination with heat and salinity stress. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 28:899-910. [PMID: 35592483 PMCID: PMC9110620 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-022-01162-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Rice is the staple food for more than 3.5 billion people worldwide. The sensitivity of rice to heat, drought, and salinity is well documented. However, rice response to combinations of these stresses is not well understood. A contrasting set of rice genotypes for heat (N22, Gharib), drought (Moroberekan, Pusa 1121) and salinity (Pokkali, IR64) were selected to characterize their response under drought, and combination of drought with heat and salinity at the sensitive seedling stage. Sensitive genotypes (IR64, Pusa 1121, Gharib) recorded higher reactive oxygen species accumulation (20-40%), membrane damage (8-65%) and reduction in photosynthetic efficiency (10-23%) across the stress and stress combinations as compared to stress tolerant checks. On the contrary, N22 and Pokkali performed best under drought + heat, and drought + salinity combination, respectively. Moreover, gene expression pattern revealed the highest expression of catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and GATA28a in N22 under heat + drought, whereas the highest expression of CAT, APX, superoxide dismutase (SOD), DEHYDRIN, GATA28a and GATA28b in Pokkali under drought + salinity. Interestingly, the phenotypic variation and expression level of genes highlighted the role of different set of physiological traits and genes under drought and drought combination with heat and salinity stress. This study reveals that rice response to stress combinations was unique with rapid readjustment at physiological and molecular levels. Moreover, phenotypic changes under stress combinations showed substantial adaptive plasticity in rice, which warrant further investigations at molecular level. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12298-022-01162-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chhaya Yadav
- Stress Physiology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067 India
| | - Rajeev Nayan Bahuguna
- Stress Physiology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067 India
| | - Om Parkash Dhankher
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA
| | - Sneh L. Singla-Pareek
- Plant Stress Biology, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067 India
| | - Ashwani Pareek
- Stress Physiology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067 India
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, Punjab 140306 India
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12
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Li W, Gao S, Lei T, Jiang L, Duan Y, Zhao Z, Li J, Shi L, Yang L. Transcriptome Analysis Revealed a Cold Stress-Responsive Transcription Factor, PaDREB1A, in Plumbago auriculata That Can Confer Cold Tolerance in Transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:760460. [PMID: 35310656 PMCID: PMC8931719 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.760460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The tropical plant Plumbago auriculata can tolerate subzero temperatures without induction of apoptosis after cold acclimation in autumn, making it more cold tolerant than conventional tropical plants. In this study, we found that low temperatures significantly affected the photosynthetic system of P. auriculata. Using transcriptome sequencing, PaDREB1A was identified as a key transcription factor involved in the response to cold stress in P. auriculata. This transcription factor may be regulated by upstream JA signaling and regulates downstream ERD4 and ERD7 expression to resist cold stress. Overexpression of PaDREB1A significantly enhanced freezing resistance, protected the photosynthetic system, and enhanced the ROS scavenging mechanism under cold stress in Arabidopsis thaliana. Additionally, PaDREB1A significantly enhanced the expression of CORs and CAT1 in A. thaliana, which further activated the downstream pathway to enhance plant cold tolerance. This study explored the possible different regulatory modes of CBFs in tropical plants and can serve as an important reference for the introduction of tropical plants to low-temperature regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenji Li
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Suping Gao
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ting Lei
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Liqiong Jiang
- Chengdu Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Yifan Duan
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zian Zhao
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiani Li
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lisha Shi
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lijuan Yang
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
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13
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Xie N, Li B, Yu J, Shi R, Zeng Q, Jiang Y, Zhao D. Transcriptomic and proteomic analyses uncover the drought adaption landscape of Phoebe zhennan. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:95. [PMID: 35240986 PMCID: PMC8892755 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03474-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phoebe zhennan S.Lee (nanmu) is listed as a threatened tree species in China, whose growth and development, especially during the seedling stage, can be severely limited by drought. Previous studies on nanmu responses to drought stress involved physiological and biochemical analyses, while the molecular mechanisms remained unclear. Therefore, it is of great significance to carry out molecular biology research on the drought resistance of nanmu and reveal the genetic background and molecular regulation mechanism of nanmu drought resistance. RESULTS Drought stress enhanced the soluble sugar (SS), free proline(PRO), superoxide anion (O2·-), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) contents as well as the peroxidase (POD) and monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR) activities of nanmu. However, glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity was sensitive to drought stress. Further transcriptomic and proteomic analyses revealed the abundant members of the differentially expressed genes(DEGs) and differentially expressed proteins(DEPs) that were related to phenylpropanoid and flavonoid biosynthesis, hormone biosynthesis and signal transduction, chlorophyll metabolism, photosynthesis, and oxidation-reduction reaction, which suggested their involvement in the drought response of nanmu. These enhanced the osmotic regulation, detoxification, and enzyme-induced and non-enzyme-induced antioxidant ability of nanmu. Moreover, 52% (447/867) of proteins that were up-regulated and 34% (307/892) down-regulated ones were attributed to the increase and decrease of transcription abundance. Transcript up (TU) and protein up (PU) groups had 447 overlaps, while transcript down (TD) and protein down (PD) groups had 307 overlaps, accounting for 54% of up and 35% of down-regulated proteins. The lack of overlap between DEGs and DEPs also suggested that post-transcriptional regulation has a critical role in nanmu response to drought. CONCLUSIONS Our research results provide significant insights into the regulatory mechanisms of drought stress in nanmu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Xie
- Institute of Agro-Bioengineering and College of Life Sciences, The Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China
- Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guizhou Plant Conservation Technology Center, Guiyang, 550006, Guizhou, China
| | - Bo Li
- Institute of Agro-Bioengineering and College of Life Sciences, The Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China
- Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guizhou Plant Conservation Technology Center, Guiyang, 550006, Guizhou, China
| | - Jing Yu
- Tobacco Molecular Genetics Key Laboratory of China Tobacco, Guizhou Academy of Tobacco Science, Guiyang, 550081, China
| | - Ruxia Shi
- Institute of Agro-Bioengineering and College of Life Sciences, The Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China
- Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guizhou Plant Conservation Technology Center, Guiyang, 550006, Guizhou, China
| | - Qin Zeng
- Institute of Agro-Bioengineering and College of Life Sciences, The Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China
- Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guizhou Plant Conservation Technology Center, Guiyang, 550006, Guizhou, China
| | - Yunli Jiang
- Guizhou Academy of Forestry, Guiyang, 550005, Guizhou, China.
| | - Dan Zhao
- Institute of Agro-Bioengineering and College of Life Sciences, The Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China.
- Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guizhou Plant Conservation Technology Center, Guiyang, 550006, Guizhou, China.
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14
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Aleem M, Riaz A, Raza Q, Aleem M, Aslam M, Kong K, Atif RM, Kashif M, Bhat JA, Zhao T. Genome-wide characterization and functional analysis of class III peroxidase gene family in soybean reveal regulatory roles of GsPOD40 in drought tolerance. Genomics 2022; 114:45-60. [PMID: 34813918 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2021.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Class III peroxidases (PODs) are plant-specific glycoproteins, that play essential roles in various plant physiological processes and defence responses. To date, scarce information is available about the POD gene family in soybean. Hence, the present study is the first comprehensive report about the genome-wide characterization of GmPOD gene family in soybean (Glycine max L.). Here, we identified a total of 124 GmPOD genes in soybean, that are unevenly distributed across the genome. Phylogenetic analysis classified them into six distinct sub-groups (A-F), with one soybean specific subgroup. Exon-intron and motif analysis suggested the existence of structural and functional diversity among the sub-groups. Duplication analysis identified 58 paralogous gene pairs; segmental duplication and positive/Darwinian selection were observed as the major factors involved in the evolution of GmPODs. Furthermore, RNA-seq analysis revealed that 23 out of a total 124 GmPODs showed differential expression between drought-tolerant and drought-sensitive genotypes under stress conditions; however, two of them (GmPOD40 and GmPOD42) revealed the maximum deregulation in all contrasting genotypes. Overexpression (OE) lines of GsPOD40 showed considerably higher drought tolerance compared to wild type (WT) plants under stress treatment. Moreover, the OE lines showed enhanced photosynthesis and enzymatic antioxidant activities under drought stress, resulting in alleviation of ROS induced oxidative damage. Hence, the GsPOD40 enhanced drought tolerance in soybean by regulating the key physiological and biochemical pathways involved in the defence response. Lastly, the results of our study will greatly assist in further functional characterization of GsPODs in plant growth and stress tolerance in soybean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muqadas Aleem
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics and Breeding for Soybean, Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Awais Riaz
- Molecular Breeding Laboratory, Rice Research Institute, Kala Shah Kaku, Sheikhupura, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Qasim Raza
- Molecular Breeding Laboratory, Rice Research Institute, Kala Shah Kaku, Sheikhupura, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Maida Aleem
- Government Post Graduate College Samanabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Aslam
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics and Breeding for Soybean, Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Keke Kong
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics and Breeding for Soybean, Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Rana Muhammad Atif
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Kashif
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Javaid Akhtar Bhat
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics and Breeding for Soybean, Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Tuanjie Zhao
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics and Breeding for Soybean, Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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15
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Luo Q, Ma Y, Chen Z, Xie H, Wang Y, Zhou L, Ma Y. Biochemical responses of hairgrass ( Deschampsia caespitosa) to hydrological change. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:987845. [PMID: 36226294 PMCID: PMC9549154 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.987845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Plant growth and development are closely related to water availability. Water deficit and water excess are detrimental to plants, causing a series of damage to plant morphology, physiological and biochemical processes. In the long evolutionary process, plants have evolved an array of complex mechanisms to combat against stressful conditions. In the present study, the duration-dependent changes in ascorbate (AsA) and glutathione (GSH) contents and activities of enzymes involved in the AsA-GSH cycle in hairgrass (Deschampsia caespitosa) in response to water stress was investigated in a pot trial using a complete random block design. The treatments were as follows: (1) heavily waterlogging, (2) moderate waterlogging, (3) light waterlogging, (4) light drought, (5) moderate drought, (6) heavily drought, and (7) a control (CK) with plant be maintained at optimum water availability. The hairgrass plants were subjected to waterlogging or drought for 7, 14, 21 and 28 days and data were measured following treatment. Results revealed that hairgrass subjected to water stress can stimulate enzymatic activities of ascorbate peroxidase (APX), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), glutathione reductase (GR), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR), monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR) and L-galactono-1, 4-lactone dehydrogenase (GalLDH), switched on the ascorbate-glutathione (AsA-GSH) cycle and the L-galactose synthesis, up-regulated the contents of AsA and GSH, and maintained higher ratios of ascorbate to dehydroascorbate (AsA/DHA) and reduced glutathione to oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) to alleviate potential oxidative damage. However, the light waterlogging did not induce hairgrass under stress to switch on the AsA-GSH pathway. In general, the critic substances and enzyme activities in AsA-GSH metabolic pathway increased as the increase of water stress intensity. As the increase of exposure duration, the critic antioxidant substances content and enzyme activities increased first and then maintained a relatively stable higher level. Our findings provide comprehensive information on biochemical responses of hairgrass to hydrological change, which would be a major step for accelerating ecological restoration of degradation alpine marshes in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoyu Luo
- School of Life Sciences, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, China
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant and Animal Resources of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, China
- Academy of Plateau Science and Sustainability, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, China
- College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Yonggui Ma
- School of Life Sciences, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, China
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant and Animal Resources of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, China
- Academy of Plateau Science and Sustainability, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, China
| | - Zhi Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, China
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant and Animal Resources of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, China
- Academy of Plateau Science and Sustainability, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, China
| | - Huichun Xie
- School of Life Sciences, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, China
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant and Animal Resources of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, China
- Academy of Plateau Science and Sustainability, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, China
| | - Yanlong Wang
- College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Lianyu Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, China
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant and Animal Resources of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, China
- Academy of Plateau Science and Sustainability, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, China
| | - Yushou Ma
- College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining, China
- *Correspondence: Yushou Ma,
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Ahmad HM, Wang X, Mahmood-Ur-Rahman, Fiaz S, Azeem F, Shaheen T. Morphological and Physiological Response of Helianthus annuus L. to Drought Stress and Correlation of Wax Contents for Drought Tolerance Traits. ARABIAN JOURNAL FOR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13369-021-06098-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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17
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Bamagoos A, Alharby H, Fahad S. Biochar coupling with phosphorus fertilization modifies antioxidant activity, osmolyte accumulation and reactive oxygen species synthesis in the leaves and xylem sap of rice cultivars under high-temperature stress. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 27:2083-2100. [PMID: 34629780 PMCID: PMC8484400 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-021-01062-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Increasing temperature poses a serious threat to rice productivity. This study investigated the impact of various biochar treatments and phosphorous (P) fertilization on osmolyte accumulation, ROS development, and antioxidant activity in two rice cultivars (IR-64 and Huanghuazhan) under high-temperature stress. All plants of both cultivars were grown in a controlled environment under ambient temperatures (AT), high day temperatures (HDT) or high night temperatures (HNT). The different fertilization treatments were biochar alone, P alone and biochar + P with control. In the leaves and xylem sap of both rice cultivars, particularly in the susceptible cv. IR-64, high-temperature stress increased the production of MDA and H2O2. HDT and HNT decreased total soluble sugars, protein, and proline levels in both rice cultivars. HNT was observed as more harmful compared to HDT during most of the studied characteristics. The response of antioxidant enzyme activities, viz, SOD, POD, CAT, APX, ASC, GSH, GR, and GSSC activities, to the temperature treatments varied between the two cultivars. Antioxidant activities decreased in the leaves and xylem sap of IR-64 but increased in those of Huanghuazhan upon exposure to high-temperature stress. Huanghuazhan exhibited better heat tolerance compared to IR-64, which was linked to its increased antioxidant enzyme activation and metabolite synthesis. As compared to the control, all soil fertilization treatments considerably reduced the adverse impacts of high temperature on the rice cultivars. The combination of biochar and P resulted in better performance compared to the other treatments in terms of all studied attributes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atif Bamagoos
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589 Saudi Arabia
| | - Hesham Alharby
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589 Saudi Arabia
| | - Shah Fahad
- Department of Agronomy, the University of Haripur, Haripur, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 22620 Pakistan
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18
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Hosseini Tafreshi SA, Aghaie P, Momayez HR, Hejaziyan SA. Response of in vitro-regenerated Myrtus communis L. shoots to PEG-induced water stress. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2021.102033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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19
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Shehab AESAE, Guo Y. Effects of nitrogen fertilization and drought on hydrocyanic acid accumulation and morpho-physiological parameters of sorghums. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2021; 101:3355-3365. [PMID: 33227149 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nitrogen fertilization can increase sorghum yield and quality and the hydrocyanic acid (HCN) accumulation in plants, increasing the risk of animal toxicity, particularly under drought conditions. In this study, plants of three sorghum genotypes (sweet sorghum, sudangrass and hybrid sorghum) were supplemented with nitrogen (0, 60, 90 and 120 kg N ha-1 ) under well-watered and drought-stressed conditions, aiming to investigate the responses of morpho-physiological parameters and HCN accumulation to drought and nitrogen fertilization. RESULTS Drought caused a decline in growth and photosynthesis. Average HCN content increased by 27.85% in drought-stressed plants when compared with those in well-watered plants. Drought increased the proline and soluble protein content, the content of O2 - , H2 O2 and malondialdehyde (MDA), and the activities of antioxidant enzymes in leaves of all three genotypes. Maximum plant growth and higher plant nutrient content (nitrogen and phosphorus) were observed at 120 kg N ha-1 , followed by 90 and 60 kg N ha-1 . However, a sharp increase in HCN content and a decrease in antioxidant enzyme activities were observed when nitrogen rates increased from 90 to 120 kg N ha-1 , suggesting that 90 kg N ha-1 might be better for sorghums under drought conditions. CONCLUSION These results suggest that optimum nitrogen application on sorghum under drought conditions could achieve a balance between plant defense and food safety, attributed to the reduced MDA, O2 - and H2 O2 accumulation, the improvement in photosynthesis parameters, the increase in soluble protein and proline content, and the increase in antioxidant enzyme activities. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abd El Salam Abd El Shehab
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, AL-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Yanjun Guo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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20
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Bano H, Athar HUR, Zafar ZU, Ogbaga CC, Ashraf M. Peroxidase activity and operation of photo-protective component of NPQ play key roles in drought tolerance of mung bean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilcziek]. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 172:603-614. [PMID: 33491210 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Developing drought-tolerant cultivars is mainly restricted due to poor knowledge of the mechanism behind drought tolerance. In the present work, available germplasm of Vigna radiata (mung bean) was screened for drought tolerance using multiple agronomic and physiological parameters and used to selected one drought-tolerant (NM-13-1) and one drought-sensitive (NM-54) cultivar for further studies. Plant water status and PSII activity were found to be potential physiological discriminating traits. Changes in PSII and PSI activity, accumulation of proline, oxidative damage, and antioxidants were further assessed in selected drought-sensitive and drought-tolerant cultivars. Drought stress reduced PSII efficiency and electron transport in both mung bean cultivars. Drought increased NPQ and Y(NPQ), a greater increase in NPQ and Y(NPQ) was found in the drought-tolerant cv NM-13-1, indicating that the drought-tolerant cultivar managed over-excitation of PSII by safe heat dissipation via photo-protective component of NPQ. A decrease in PSI efficiency with an increase in donor end limitation of PSI in both mung bean cultivars further confirmed that the electron transport through PSII became down-regulated. However, the drought-sensitive cv. NM-54 had poor ability to manage over-excitation of PSII through buildup of Y(NPQ) thereby causing greater oxidative stress. Mung bean cultivars counteracted oxidative stress by accumulation of proline and increasing POD activities. Drought-tolerant cv. NM-13-1 had higher proline accumulation and antioxidant potential than in the drought-sensitive cultivar. Overall, drought tolerance in the mung bean cultivars can be related to plant water status, PSII activity, Y(NPQ), and POD activity, which can be effectively used for selecting mung bean cultivars for drought tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussan Bano
- Institute of Pure and Applied Biology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
- Department of Botany, The Women University Multan, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Habib-Ur-Rehman Athar
- Institute of Pure and Applied Biology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Zafar Ullah Zafar
- Institute of Pure and Applied Biology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Chukwuma C Ogbaga
- Department of Biological Sciences, Nile University of Nigeria, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Muhammad Ashraf
- Department of Botany, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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21
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Martínez-Arias C, Sobrino-Plata J, Medel D, Gil L, Martín JA, Rodríguez-Calcerrada J. Stem endophytes increase root development, photosynthesis, and survival of elm plantlets (Ulmus minor Mill.). JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 261:153420. [PMID: 33906025 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2021.153420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Long-lived trees benefit from fungal symbiotic interactions in the adaptation to constantly changing environments. Previous studies revealed a core fungal endobiome in Ulmus minor which has been suggested to play a critical role in plant functioning. Here, we hypothesized that these core endophytes are involved in abiotic stress tolerance. To test this hypothesis, two core endophytes (Cystobasidiales and Chaetothyriales) were inoculated into in vitro U. minor plantlets, which were further subjected to drought. Given that elm genotypes resistant to Dutch elm disease (DED) tend to show higher abiotic stress tolerance than susceptible ones, we tested the endophyte effect on two DED-resistant and two DED-susceptible genotypes. Drought stress was moderate; endophyte presence attenuated stomata closure in response to drought in one genotype but this stress did not affect plant survival. In comparison, long-term in-vitro culture proved stressful to mock-inoculated plants, especially in DED-susceptible genotypes. Interestingly, no endophyte-inoculated plant died during the experiment, as compared to high mortality in mock-inoculated plants. In surviving plants, endophyte presence stimulated root and shoot growth, photosynthetic rates, antioxidant activity and molecular changes involving auxin-signaling. These changes and the observed endophyte stability in elm tissues throughout the experiment suggest endophytes are potential tools to improve survival and stress tolerance of DED-resistant elms in elm restoration programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Martínez-Arias
- Departamento de Sistemas y Recursos Naturales, ETSI Montes, Forestal y del Medio Natural, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, 28040, Spain.
| | - Juan Sobrino-Plata
- Departamento de Sistemas y Recursos Naturales, ETSI Montes, Forestal y del Medio Natural, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - David Medel
- Departamento de Sistemas y Recursos Naturales, ETSI Montes, Forestal y del Medio Natural, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - Luis Gil
- Departamento de Sistemas y Recursos Naturales, ETSI Montes, Forestal y del Medio Natural, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - Juan Antonio Martín
- Departamento de Sistemas y Recursos Naturales, ETSI Montes, Forestal y del Medio Natural, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - Jesús Rodríguez-Calcerrada
- Departamento de Sistemas y Recursos Naturales, ETSI Montes, Forestal y del Medio Natural, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, 28040, Spain
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22
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Mihaljević I, Viljevac Vuletić M, Šimić D, Tomaš V, Horvat D, Josipović M, Zdunić Z, Dugalić K, Vuković D. Comparative Study of Drought Stress Effects on Traditional and Modern Apple Cultivars. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:561. [PMID: 33809688 PMCID: PMC8002316 DOI: 10.3390/plants10030561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Genotype-dependent responses of apples to drought stress were evaluated between commercial and traditional apple cultivars. The results indicate different mechanisms of tolerance to investigated drought stress conditions. Chlorophyll fluorescence induction (OJIP) parameters, chlorophyll and carotenoid content, malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), proline, phenols and leaf water content (WC) were measured. The traditional cultivar "Crvenka" confirmed the best tolerance to a drought stress condition, presenting higher photosynthetic efficiency, higher leaf water content, higher levels of chlorophyll content and lower lipid peroxidation with greater membrane stability. The commercial cultivar "Golden Delicious Reinders" showed decreased water content in leaves, increased lipid peroxidation levels and photoinhibition. Considering all results, the commercial cultivar "Golden Delicious Reinders" was adversely affected by drought, while traditional cultivars exhibited better tolerance to drought stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Mihaljević
- Agricultural Institute Osijek, Južno predgrađe 17, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia; (M.V.V.); (D.Š.); (V.T.); (D.H.); (M.J.); (Z.Z.); (K.D.); (D.V.)
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23
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Molecular characterization using SSR markers and biochemical analysis of Moroccan and Spanish argan [Argania spinosa (L.) Skeels] ecotypes under water stress and rewatering. Biologia (Bratisl) 2020. [DOI: 10.2478/s11756-020-00626-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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24
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Duan W, Zhu G, Zhu D, Yan Y. Dynamic proteome changes of wheat developing grains in response to water deficit and high-nitrogen fertilizer conditions. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2020; 156:471-483. [PMID: 33038690 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated grain proteomic profiles in response to water deficit, high nitrogen (N) fertilizer, and their combined treatments in elite Chinese bread wheat cultivar Jingdong 17, using a two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE)-based approach. Water deficit negatively affected the main agronomic traits of wheat and grain yield, while high-N fertilizer had the opposite effects. The application of a high-N fertilizer under water deficit conditions moderately improved kernel development and grain yield. 2D-DIGE led to the identification of 124 differentially accumulated protein (DAP) spots during five different grain developmental stages, corresponding to 97 unique proteins. The more significant changes of DAPs occurred at 10-20 days after flowering. DAPs were involved in carbohydrate metabolism, protein turnover, protein folding, cell cycle control, stress response, nitrogen metabolism, photosynthesis, and energy metabolism. In particular, water deficit caused a significant downregulation of proteins involved in starch biosynthesis, whereas high-N fertilizer led to a significant upregulation of proteins involved in nitrogen metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, and starch biosynthesis. The combined treatment resulted in a moderate upregulation of DAPs related to carbohydrate metabolism, starch biosynthesis, and nitrogen metabolism. Our results indicated that high-N fertilization could alleviate yield loss caused by water deficit by promoting the accumulation of proteins involved in nitrogen and carbohydrate metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Duan
- College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, 100048, Beijing, China.
| | - Gengrui Zhu
- College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, 100048, Beijing, China.
| | - Dong Zhu
- College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, 100048, Beijing, China
| | - Yueming Yan
- College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, 100048, Beijing, China; Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry (HCICGI), Yangtze University, 434025, Jingzhou, China.
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25
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Zafar S, Akhtar M, Perveen S, Hasnain Z, Khalil A. Attenuating the adverse aspects of water stress on wheat genotypes by foliar spray of melatonin and indole-3-acetic acid. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 26:1751-1762. [PMID: 32943813 PMCID: PMC7468015 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-020-00855-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin is important due to its involvement in regulation of diverse mechanisms in plants. Its presence in plants is universal and provides primary defense against environmental stresses. In this study the effect of foliarly applied indole-3-Acetic Acid (IAA) and melatonin (control, 100, 150 µg/g each) on wheat seedling growth under water deficit condition was examined. The mitigation of stress was seen in melatonin treated wheat plants facing abiotic stress, with less accumulation of the H2O2, MDA and anthocyanin. A marked decrease in chlorophyll, total soluble proteins, total soluble sugars, ascorbic acid, phenolic contents and yield- related attributes was noticed in stressed condition. Treatment with melatonin and IAA alleviated stress induced decrease in biochemical attributes, and growth of wheat plants in a dose-dependent manner. A significant increase in yield was achieved by melatonin treatments in Ujala-2016 under limited water supply. It is worthy to mention that melatonin spray at 150 µg/g followed by IAA proved to be the most pronounced treatment in the buildup of osmolytes and regulation of antioxidant defense system with increase in yield under water limited environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Zafar
- Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Akhtar
- Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology (NIAB), Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Zuhair Hasnain
- PMAS, Arid Agriculture University, Attock Campus, Attock, Pakistan
| | - Aansa Khalil
- Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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26
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Banik N, Bhattacharjee S. Complementation of ROS scavenging secondary metabolites with enzymatic antioxidant defense system augments redox-regulation property under salinity stress in rice. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 26:1623-1633. [PMID: 32801491 PMCID: PMC7415070 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-020-00844-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The RP-HPLC based comparative quantification of some important redox sensitive phenolic acids and flavonoids revealed overall greater elicitation of chalcone synthase related flavonoid biosynthetic pathway, concomitant with the greater utilization of cinnamic acid for the seedlings of the salinity resistant rice cultivar Patnai as compared to susceptible cultivar IR29 grown under post imbibitional salinity stress (PISS). When compared, the cultivar Patnai further exhibited significantly better antioxidant-coupled redox-regulation by up regulating ascorbate-glutathione pathway and reducing the expression of oxidative deterioration under PISS as compared to its counterpart, the cultivar IR29. A model for redox homeostasis in which complementation of action of ROS scavenging secondary metabolites with enzymatic antioxidant defense at metabolic interface necessary for maintenance of the redox homeostasis to combat salinity stress has been proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabanita Banik
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Research Laboratory, UGC Centre for Advanced Study, Department of Botany, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan, West Bengal India
| | - Soumen Bhattacharjee
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Research Laboratory, UGC Centre for Advanced Study, Department of Botany, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan, West Bengal India
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27
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Kazemitabar SK, Faraji S, Najafi-Zarrini H. Identification and in silico evaluation of bHLH genes in the Sesamum indicum genome: Growth regulation and stress dealing specially through the metal ions homeostasis and flavonoid biosynthesis. GENE REPORTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2020.100639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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28
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Li S, Zhou L, Addo-Danso SD, Ding G, Sun M, Wu S, Lin S. Nitrogen supply enhances the physiological resistance of Chinese fir plantlets under polyethylene glycol (PEG)-induced drought stress. Sci Rep 2020; 10:7509. [PMID: 32372028 PMCID: PMC7200756 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64161-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Water and nitrogen stresses are major constraints for agricultural and forest productivity. Although the effects of water scarcity or nitrogen stress on plant growth, physiology, and yield have been widely studied, few studies have assessed the combined effects of both stresses. In the present study, we investigated the effects of different nitrogen forms (NO3-N, NH4+-N, and a combination of NO3-N + NH4+-N) on antioxidant enzyme activity, osmotic regulatory substances, and nitrogen assimilation in Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) plantlets under drought stress (induced by 10% polyethylene glycol). We found that different N ionic forms had different effects on drought-stressed plantlets. Nitrogen supply greatly increased the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) when plantlets were exposed to water stress. The malondialdehyde (MDA) contents significantly decreased under the NH4+ + water stress treatment. The proline (Pr) contents significantly increased in both the NO3-N and NH4+-N + water stress treatment. The nitrate reductase (NR) increased by 7.1% in the NO3- + water stress treatment, and the glutamine synthetase (GS), and the glutamate synthase (GOGAT) activity increased in all the nitrogen + water stress treatments. These results suggested that nitrogen supply could alleviate the adverse effects of drought stress on plants by enhancing antioxidant defense and improving nitrogen assimilation, while the effects on plant tolerance to drought stress varied with nitrogen ionic forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubin Li
- Forestry College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, P.R. China
- Chinese Fir Engineering Technology Research Center of the State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Fuzhou, 350002, P.R. China
| | - Lili Zhou
- Institute of Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, 350108, P.R. China
| | - Shalom Daniel Addo-Danso
- Forest and Climate Change Division, CSIR-Forestry Research Institute of Ghana, P.O. Box UP 63, KNUST, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Guochang Ding
- College of Arts College of Landscape Architecture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, P.R. China
- Forest Park Engineering Research Center of State Forestry Administration, Fuzhou, 350002, P.R. China
| | - Min Sun
- Polaris Education Agency, Linyi, 276000, P.R. China
| | - Sipan Wu
- Forestry College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, P.R. China
| | - Sizu Lin
- Forestry College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, P.R. China.
- Chinese Fir Engineering Technology Research Center of the State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Fuzhou, 350002, P.R. China.
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29
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Silva SAF, Silva FLB, Ribas AF, de Souza SGH, dos Santos TB. Genome-wide in silico analysis of SOD genes in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12892-020-00030-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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30
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Panda D, Mohanty B, Behera PK, Barik J, Mishra SS. Harnessing leaf photosynthetic traits and antioxidant defence for multiple stress tolerance in three premium indigenous rice landraces of Jeypore tract of Odisha, India. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2020; 47:99-111. [PMID: 31856943 DOI: 10.1071/fp19126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present research was to compare the effects of different abiotic stresses (drought, salinity and submergence) on growth, photosynthesis and PSII activity along with antioxidant defence of three premium rice landraces, namely Kalajeera, Machhakanta and Haladichudi from Jeypore tract of Odisha, India to evaluate their performance under multiple stresses and possibility of using in the pre-breeding programs. Results showed that drought, salinity and submergence significantly reduced plant growth, leaf photosynthesis, water use efficiency (WUE), carboxylation efficiency (CE), PSII activity and SPAD chlorophyll index, and the highest effect was observed in susceptible check variety (IR64). In addition, the indigenous rice lines showed better stomatal traits such as stomatal density (SD), stomatal size (SS) and stomatal number per leaf area (S/LA). Notably, higher activities of antioxidative enzymes and proline accumulation was observed in studied indigenous rice landraces and were found comparable with the drought and salinity tolerant (N22) and submergence tolerant (FR13A) check varieties. Based on our findings it was revealed that these landraces can be expected to possess an adequate level of tolerance to drought, salinity and submergence and showed adaptive fitness to multiple stresses during seedling stage. These landraces can be considered as potential donor for future rice pre-breeding program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debabrata Panda
- Department of Biodiversity and Conservation of Natural Resources, Central University of Orissa,Koraput-764 021, Odisha, India; and Corresponding author.
| | - Biswajeet Mohanty
- Department of Biodiversity and Conservation of Natural Resources, Central University of Orissa,Koraput-764 021, Odisha, India
| | - Prafulla K Behera
- Department of Biodiversity and Conservation of Natural Resources, Central University of Orissa,Koraput-764 021, Odisha, India
| | - Jijnasa Barik
- Department of Biodiversity and Conservation of Natural Resources, Central University of Orissa,Koraput-764 021, Odisha, India
| | - Swati S Mishra
- Department of Biodiversity and Conservation of Natural Resources, Central University of Orissa,Koraput-764 021, Odisha, India
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31
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Xiaochuang C, Chu Z, Chunquan Z, Junhua Z, Lianfeng Z, Lianghuan W, Qianyu J. Variability of leaf photosynthetic characteristics in rice and its relationship with resistance to water stress under different nitrogen nutrition regimes. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2019; 167:613-627. [PMID: 30561023 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The negative effects of water stress on rice can be alleviated by NH4 + nutrition. However, the effects of mixed nitrogen (N) nutrition (NO3 - + NH4 + ) on resistance to water stress are still not well known. To investigate the response of rice growth to water stress and its relationship with photosynthetic characteristics, a hydroponic experiment supplying different N forms was conducted. Compared with NO3 - nutrition, mixed-N and NH4 + nutrition greatly alleviated the reduction of leaf area, chlorophyll content, and photosynthesis under water stress, whilst subsequently maintaining higher biomass. In contrast, water stress inhibited the root-shoot ratios in NH4 + - and mixed-N-supplied plants, indicating reduced root growth and higher photosynthate availability to shoots. The following key observations were made: (1) a similar stomatal limitation and low proportion of activated Rubisco were observed among the three different N nutrition regimes; (2) increased mesophyll conductance in NH4 + - and mixed-N-supplied plants simultaneously stimulated leaf photosynthesis and improved the water use efficiency and (3), the maximum carboxylation rate and actual photochemical efficiency of photosystem II in NH4 + - and mixed-N-supplied plants were significantly higher than that in NO3 - -supplied plants, thus resulting in higher photochemical efficiency under water stress. In conclusion, mixed-N and NH4 + nutrition may be used to develop strategies for improved water stress resistance and stimulated biomass production under conditions of osmotic stress and possibly drought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cao Xiaochuang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Zhong Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Zhu Chunquan
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Zhang Junhua
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Zhu Lianfeng
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Wu Lianghuan
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jin Qianyu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
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32
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Liu JX, Feng K, Duan AQ, Li H, Yang QQ, Xu ZS, Xiong AS. Isolation, purification and characterization of an ascorbate peroxidase from celery and overexpression of the AgAPX1 gene enhanced ascorbate content and drought tolerance in Arabidopsis. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 19:488. [PMID: 31711410 PMCID: PMC6849298 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-2095-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Celery is a widely cultivated vegetable abundant in ascorbate (AsA), a natural plant antioxidant capable of scavenging free radicals generated by abiotic stress in plants. Ascorbate peroxidase (APX) is a plant antioxidant enzyme that is important in the synthesis of AsA and scavenging of excess hydrogen peroxide. However, the characteristics and functions of APX in celery remain unclear to date. RESULTS In this study, a gene encoding APX was cloned from celery and named AgAPX1. The transcription level of the AgAPX1 gene was significantly upregulated under drought stress. AgAPX1 was expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) and purified. The predicted molecular mass of rAgAPX1 was 33.16 kDa, which was verified by SDS-PAGE assay. The optimum pH and temperature for rAgAPX1 were 7.0 and 55 °C, respectively. Transgenic Arabidopsis hosting the AgAPX1 gene showed elevated AsA content, antioxidant capacity and drought resistance. Less decrease in net photosynthetic rate, chlorophyll content, and relative water content contributed to the high survival rate of transgenic Arabidopsis lines after drought. CONCLUSIONS The characteristics of APX in celery were different from that in other species. The enhanced drought resistance of overexpressing AgAPX1 in Arabidopsis may be achieved by increasing the accumulation of AsA, enhancing the activities of various antioxidant enzymes, and promoting stomatal closure. Our work provides new evidence to understand APX and its response mechanisms to drought stress in celery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie-Xia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Kai Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Ao-Qi Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Hui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Qing-Qing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Zhi-Sheng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Ai-Sheng Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095 China
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33
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Zhou C, Zhu C, Fu H, Li X, Chen L, Lin Y, Lai Z, Guo Y. Genome-wide investigation of superoxide dismutase (SOD) gene family and their regulatory miRNAs reveal the involvement in abiotic stress and hormone response in tea plant (Camellia sinensis). PLoS One 2019; 14:e0223609. [PMID: 31600284 PMCID: PMC6786557 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0223609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Superoxide dismutases (SODs), as a family of metalloenzymes related to the removal of reactive oxygen species (ROS), have not previously been investigated at genome-wide level in tea plant. In this study, 10 CsSOD genes were identified in tea plant genome, including 7 Cu/Zn-SODs (CSDs), 2 Fe-SODs (FSDs) and one Mn-SOD (MSD), and phylogenetically classified in three subgroups, respectively. Physico-chemical characteristic, conserved motifs and potential protein interaction analyses about CsSOD proteins were carried out. Exon-intron structures and codon usage bias about CsSOD genes were also examined. Exon-intron structures analysis revealed that different CsSOD genes contained various number of introns. On the basis of the prediction of regulatory miRNAs of CsSODs, a modification 5’ RNA ligase-mediated (RLM)-RACE was performed and validated that csn-miR398a-3p-1 directly cleaves CsCSD4. By prediction of cis-acting elements, the expression patterns of 10 CsSOD genes and their regulatory miRNAs were detected under cold, drought, exogenous methyl jasmonate (MeJA) and gibberellin (GA3) treatments. The results showed that most of CsSODs except for CsFSD2 were induced under cold stress and CsCSDs may play primary roles under drought stress; exogenous GA3 and MeJA could also stimulated/inhibited distinct CsSODs at different stages. In addition, we found that csn-miR398a-3p-1 negatively regulated the expression of CsCSD4 may be a crucial regulatory mechanism under cold stress. This study provides a certain basis for the studies about stress resistance in tea plants, even provide insight into comprehending the classification, evolution, diverse functions and influencing factors of expression patterns for CsSOD genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengzhe Zhou
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Chen Zhu
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Haifeng Fu
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Xiaozhen Li
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Lan Chen
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yuling Lin
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Zhongxiong Lai
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yuqiong Guo
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- * E-mail:
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Clemente-Moreno MJ, Gago J, Díaz-Vivancos P, Bernal A, Miedes E, Bresta P, Liakopoulos G, Fernie AR, Hernández JA, Flexas J. The apoplastic antioxidant system and altered cell wall dynamics influence mesophyll conductance and the rate of photosynthesis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 99:1031-1046. [PMID: 31215089 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Mesophyll conductance (gm ), the diffusion of CO2 from substomatal cavities to the carboxylation sites in the chloroplasts, is a highly complex trait driving photosynthesis (net CO2 assimilation, AN ). However, little is known concerning the mechanisms by which it is dynamically regulated. The apoplast is considered as a 'key information bridge' between the environment and cells. Interestingly, most of the environmental constraints affecting gm also cause apoplastic responses, cell wall (CW) alterations and metabolic rearrangements. Since CW thickness is a key determinant of gm , we hypothesize that other changes in this cellular compartiment should also influence gm . We study the relationship between the antioxidant apoplastic system and CW metabolism and the gm responses in tobacco plants (Nicotiana sylvestris L.) under two abiotic stresses (drought and salinity), combining in vivo gas-exchange measurements with analyses of antioxidant activities, CW composition and primary metabolism. Stress treatments imposed substantial reductions in AN (58-54%) and gm (59%), accompanied by a strong antioxidant enzymatic response at the apoplastic and symplastic levels. Interestingly, apoplastic but not symplastic peroxidases were positively related to gm . Leaf anatomy remained mostly stable; however, the stress treatments significantly affected the CW composition, specifically pectins, which showed significant relationships with AN and gm . The treatments additionally promoted a differential primary metabolic response, and specific CW-related metabolites including galactose, glucosamine and hydroxycinnamate showed exclusive relationships with gm independent of the stress. These results suggest that gm responses can be attributed to specific changes in the apoplastic antioxidant system and CW metabolism, opening up more possibilities for improving photosynthesis using breeding/biotechnological strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- María José Clemente-Moreno
- Research Group on Plant Biology under Mediterranean Conditions, Universitat de les Illes Balears (UIB)-Instituto de Agroecología y Economía del Agua (INAGEA), ctra. Valldemossa km 7,5, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Jorge Gago
- Research Group on Plant Biology under Mediterranean Conditions, Universitat de les Illes Balears (UIB)-Instituto de Agroecología y Economía del Agua (INAGEA), ctra. Valldemossa km 7,5, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Pedro Díaz-Vivancos
- Fruit Tree Biotechnology Group, Department of Plant Breeding, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus Universitario de Espinardo, PO Box 164, E-30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Agustina Bernal
- Fruit Tree Biotechnology Group, Department of Plant Breeding, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus Universitario de Espinardo, PO Box 164, E-30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Eva Miedes
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM)-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Campus de Montegancedo, 28223, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Campus Ciudad Universitaria, 28040, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Panagiota Bresta
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, Votanikos, 11855, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgios Liakopoulos
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, Votanikos, 11855, Athens, Greece
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Central Metabolism Group, Molecular Physiology Department, Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, 14476 Golm, Germany
| | - José Antonio Hernández
- Fruit Tree Biotechnology Group, Department of Plant Breeding, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus Universitario de Espinardo, PO Box 164, E-30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Jaume Flexas
- Research Group on Plant Biology under Mediterranean Conditions, Universitat de les Illes Balears (UIB)-Instituto de Agroecología y Economía del Agua (INAGEA), ctra. Valldemossa km 7,5, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
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Wongkaew A, Nakamura SI, Sekimoto H, Yokoyama T, Ohkama-Ohtsu N. Phloem-specific overexpression of AtOPT6 in Arabidopsis enhances Zn transport into shoots. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 285:91-98. [PMID: 31203897 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2019.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The Arabidopsis oligopeptide transporter AtOPT6 is membrane transport protein that mediated transport of glutathione in both the reduced (GSH) and oxidized (GSSG) forms. In this study, the role of AtOPT6 in glutathione distribution throughout the plant was investigated. We found that transgenic Arabidopsis overexpressing AtOPT6 under the control of a phloem-specific promoter of sucrose-proton symporter 2 (pSUC2), remarkably increased AtOPT6 transcript levels, ranging from 30- to 40-fold in shoots and 6- to 10-fold in roots, relative to the wild type. AtOPT6-overexpressing lines could elevate the foliar glutathione content; however, glutathione content in the phloem did not change. We observed that the ratio of shoot glutathione content to total glutathione content increased in AtOPT6-overexpressing lines, but not in transgenic Arabidopsis with elevated foliar GSH synthesis. These results indicate the possibility that loading and unloading of glutathione in phloem tissues are enhanced in AtOPT6-overexpressing lines under the control of pSUC2. The results of heavy metal analysis revealed that transgenic Arabidopsis overexpressing AtOPT6 under the control of pSUC2 could promote the transport of Zn into shoots as effectively as transgenic Arabidopsis with elevated foliar GSH synthesis, or wild-type plants with exogenous foliar application of GSH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arunee Wongkaew
- United Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Nakamura
- Department of Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, 156-8502, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Sekimoto
- Faculty of Agriculture, Utsunomiya University, Utsunomiya, 321-8505, Japan
| | - Tadashi Yokoyama
- Institute of Global Innovation Research, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Naoko Ohkama-Ohtsu
- Institute of Global Innovation Research, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan; Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan.
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Farooq MA, Niazi AK, Akhtar J, Farooq M, Souri Z, Karimi N, Rengel Z. Acquiring control: The evolution of ROS-Induced oxidative stress and redox signaling pathways in plant stress responses. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2019; 141:353-369. [PMID: 31207496 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.04.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) - the byproducts of aerobic metabolism - influence numerous aspects of the plant life cycle and environmental response mechanisms. In plants, ROS act like a double-edged sword; they play multiple beneficial roles at low concentrations, whereas at high concentrations ROS and related redox-active compounds cause cellular damage through oxidative stress. To examine the dual role of ROS as harmful oxidants and/or crucial cellular signals, this review elaborates that (i) how plants sense and respond to ROS in various subcellular organelles and (ii) the dynamics of subsequent ROS-induced signaling processes. The recent understanding of crosstalk between various cellular compartments in mediating their redox state spatially and temporally is discussed. Emphasis on the beneficial effects of ROS in maintaining cellular energy homeostasis, regulating diverse cellular functions, and activating acclimation responses in plants exposed to abiotic and biotic stresses are described. The comprehensive view of cellular ROS dynamics covering the breadth and versatility of ROS will contribute to understanding the complexity of apparently contradictory ROS roles in plant physiological responses in less than optimum environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ansar Farooq
- Institute of Soil & Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
| | - Adnan Khan Niazi
- Center of Agricultural Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Javaid Akhtar
- Institute of Soil & Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Farooq
- Department of Crop Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Oman
| | - Zahra Souri
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Naser Karimi
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Zed Rengel
- School of Agriculture and Environment, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
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Hsu CH, Hsu YT. Biochemical responses of rice roots to cold stress. BOTANICAL STUDIES 2019; 60:14. [PMID: 31300921 PMCID: PMC6626088 DOI: 10.1186/s40529-019-0262-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/06/2019] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cold stress is the main factor that reduces rice yield in subtropical areas, especially at the seedling stage. Most of the current studies on cold stress focus the responses of rice shoots to cold stress. Limited studies are available on that of rice roots to cold stress. This study aimed to illustrate the biochemical responses of rice root under cold treatment, and subject to the establishment of cold stress-related biochemical traits for rice breeding or cropping-adjustment. RESULTS Our results showed that the growth of rice seedling diminished under cold stress with difference extents among eight rice cultivars of most productive in Taiwan. Under cold treatments, the tested cultivars with higher growth rate had a higher level of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in the shoots but had a lower level in the roots. In contrast, the tested cultivates with low growth rate had higher levels of H2O2 in the roots but a lower level in the shoots. Meanwhile, higher MDA contents and higher cell-damage related electrolyte leakage were also found in the roots not in the shoots, suggesting that cold stress might induce oxidative stress in the roots, not in the shoots. Furthermore, the activity analysis of four antioxidant enzymes, namely superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbic peroxidase (APX), and glutathione reductase (GR), revealed that cold stress could increase SOD and CAT activities in the roots. CONCLUSIONS In summary, low H2O2 and low MDA contents along with lower SOD and CAT activities in rice root could be the biochemical traits of cold responses in rice seedlings. The results are hoping to have a contribution to the rice breeding or cropping-adjustment on cold tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching Hsin Hsu
- Department of Agronomy, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yi Ting Hsu
- Department of Agronomy, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
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Chin DC, Senthil Kumar R, Suen CS, Chien CY, Hwang MJ, Hsu CH, Xuhan X, Lai ZX, Yeh KW. Plant Cytosolic Ascorbate Peroxidase with Dual Catalytic Activity Modulates Abiotic Stress Tolerances. iScience 2019; 16:31-49. [PMID: 31146130 PMCID: PMC6542772 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2019.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ascorbic acid-glutathione (AsA-GSH) cycle represents important antioxidant defense system in planta. Here we utilized Oncidium cytosolic ascorbate peroxidase (OgCytAPX) as a model to demonstrate that CytAPX of several plants possess dual catalytic activity of both AsA and GSH, compared with the monocatalytic activity of Arabidopsis APX (AtCytAPX). Structural modeling and site-directed mutagenesis identified that three amino acid residues, Pro63, Asp75, and Tyr97, are required for oxidization of GSH in dual substrate catalytic type. Enzyme kinetic study suggested that AsA and GSH active sites are distinctly located in cytosolic APX structure. Isothermal titration calorimetric and UV-visible analysis confirmed that cytosolic APX is a heme-containing protein, which catalyzes glutathione in addition to ascorbate. Biochemical and physiological evidences of transgenic Arabidopsis overexpressing OgCytAPX1 exhibits efficient reactive oxygen species-scavenging activity, salt and heat tolerances, and early flowering, compared with Arabidopsis overexpressing AtCytAPX. Thus results on dual activity CytAPX impose significant advantage on evolutionary adaptive mechanism in planta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Chu Chin
- Institute of Plant Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | | | - Ching-Shu Suen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yu Chien
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Jing Hwang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hua Hsu
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Xu Xuhan
- Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhong Xiong Lai
- Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Kai-Wun Yeh
- Institute of Plant Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan; Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.
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Ectopic expression of SOD and APX genes in Arabidopsis alters metabolic pools and genes related to secondary cell wall cellulose biosynthesis and improve salt tolerance. Mol Biol Rep 2019; 46:1985-2002. [PMID: 30706357 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-019-04648-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is known to accumulate in plants during abiotic stress conditions and also acts as a signalling molecule. In this study, Arabidopsis thaliana transgenics overexpressing cytosolic CuZn-superoxide dismutase (PaSOD) from poly-extremophile high-altitude Himalayan plant Potentilla atrosanguinea, cytosolic ascorbate peroxidase (RaAPX) from Rheum australe and dual transgenics overexpressing both the genes were developed and analyzed under salt stress. In comparison to wild-type (WT) or single transgenics, the performance of dual transgenics under salt stress was better with higher biomass accumulation and cellulose content. We identified genes involved in cell wall biosynthesis, including nine cellulose synthases (CesA), seven cellulose synthase-like proteins together with other wall-related genes. RNA-seq analysis and qPCR revealed differential regulation of genes (CesA 4, 7 and 8) and transcription factors (MYB46 and 83) involved in secondary cell wall cellulose biosynthesis, amongst which most of the cellulose biosynthesis gene showed upregulation in single (PaSOD line) and dual transgenics at 100 mM salt stress. A positive correlation between cellulose content and H2O2 accumulation was observed in these transgenic lines. Further, cellulose content was 1.6-2 folds significantly higher in PaSOD and dual transgenic lines, 1.4 fold higher in RaAPX lines as compared to WT plants under stress conditions. Additionally, transgenics overexpressing PaSOD and RaAPX also displayed higher amounts of phenolics as compared to WT. The novelty of present study is that H2O2 apart from its role in signalling, it also provides mechanical strength to plants and aid in plant biomass production during salt stress by transcriptional activation of cellulose biosynthesis pathway. This modulation of the cellulose biosynthetic machinery in plants has the potential to provide insight into plant growth, morphogenesis and to create plants with enhanced cellulose content for biofuel use.
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40
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Li R, Liu C, Zhao R, Wang L, Chen L, Yu W, Zhang S, Sheng J, Shen L. CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated SlNPR1 mutagenesis reduces tomato plant drought tolerance. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 19:38. [PMID: 30669982 PMCID: PMC6341727 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-018-1627-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND NPR1, nonexpressor of pathogenesis-related gene 1, is a master regulator involved in plant defense response to pathogens, and its regulatory mechanism in the defense pathway has been relatively clear. However, information about the function of NPR1 in plant response to abiotic stress is still limited. Tomato is the fourth most economically crop worldwide and also one of the best-characterized model plants employed in genetic studies. Because of the lack of a stable tomato NPR1 (SlNPR1) mutant, little is known about the function of SlNPR1 in tomato response to biotic and abiotic stresses. RESULTS Here we isolated SlNPR1 from tomato 'Ailsa Craig' and generated slnpr1 mutants using the CRISPR/Cas9 system. Analysis of the cis-acting elements indicated that SlNPR1 might be involved in tomato plant response to drought stress. Expression pattern analysis showed that SlNPR1 was expressed in all plant tissues, and it was strongly induced by drought stress. Thus, we investigated the function of SlNPR1 in tomato-plant drought tolerance. Results showed that slnpr1 mutants exhibited reduced drought tolerance with increased stomatal aperture, higher electrolytic leakage, malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) levels, and lower activity levels of antioxidant enzymes, compared to wild type (WT) plants. The reduced drought tolerance of slnpr1 mutants was further reflected by the down-regulated expression of drought related key genes, including SlGST, SlDHN, and SlDREB. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, the data suggest that SlNPR1 is involved in regulating tomato plant drought response. These results aid in further understanding the molecular basis underlying SlNPR1 mediation of tomato drought sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Li
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083 China
| | - Chunxue Liu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083 China
| | - Ruirui Zhao
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083 China
| | - Liu Wang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083 China
| | - Lin Chen
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083 China
| | - Wenqing Yu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083 China
| | - Shujuan Zhang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083 China
| | - Jiping Sheng
- School of Agricultural Economics and Rural Development, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872 China
| | - Lin Shen
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083 China
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Deng X, Zhen S, Liu D, Liu Y, Li M, Liu N, Yan Y. Integrated proteome analyses of wheat glume and awn reveal central drought response proteins under water deficit conditions. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 232:270-283. [PMID: 30540969 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2018.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Integrated proteome analyses revealed differentially accumulated proteins in the non-leaf green organs in wheat glume and awn that play important roles in photosynthesis and drought resistance. Two non-leaf green organs in wheat, glume and awn, have photosynthetic potential, contribute to grain yield, and also play roles in resistance to adverse conditions. We performed the first integrated proteome analysis of wheat glume and awn in response to water deficit. Water deficit caused a significant decrease in important agronomic traits and grain yield. A total of 120 and 77 differentially accumulated protein (DAP) spots, representing 100 and 67 unique proteins responsive to water deficit, were identified by two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE) in glumes and awns, respectively, of the elite Chinese bread wheat cultivar Zhongmai 175. The DAPs of both organs showed similar functional classification and proportion and were mainly involved in photosynthesis, detoxification/defense, carbon/energy metabolism, and proteometabolism. Comparative proteome analyses revealed many more drought-responsive DAP spots in glumes than in awns, which indicate that glumes underwent more proteome changes in response to water deficit. The main DAPs involved in photosynthesis and carbon metabolism were significantly downregulated, whereas those related to detoxification/defense and energy metabolism were markedly upregulated under water deficit. The potential functions of the identified DAPs revealed an intricate interaction network that responds synergistically to drought stress during grain development. Our results from the proteome perspective illustrate the potential roles of wheat non-leaf green organs glume and awn in photosynthetic and defensive responses under drought stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiong Deng
- College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, 100048, Beijing, China.
| | - Shoumin Zhen
- College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, 100048, Beijing, China.
| | - Dongmiao Liu
- College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, 100048, Beijing, China.
| | - Yue Liu
- College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, 100048, Beijing, China.
| | - Mengfei Li
- College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, 100048, Beijing, China.
| | - Nannan Liu
- College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, 100048, Beijing, China.
| | - Yueming Yan
- College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, 100048, Beijing, China.
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Andrade FR, da Silva GN, Guimarães KC, Barreto HBF, de Souza KRD, Guilherme LRG, Faquin V, Reis ARD. Selenium protects rice plants from water deficit stress. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 164:562-570. [PMID: 30149355 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Selenium (Se) is essential to humans and animals due to its antioxidant properties. Although it is not considered an essential nutrient for higher plants. Many studies show that Se in low concentrations (up to 0.5 mg kg-1) provides beneficial effects to non-hyperaccumulating plants by participating in antioxidant defense systems and enhancing tolerance to abiotic stress. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of Se application rates on rice plants under different soil water conditions. The experiment was conducted on an Oxisol using four Se rates (0, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 mg kg-1) and two soil water conditions (irrigated and water deficit). Selenium application via soil up to 0.5 mg kg-1 increased the plant height, chlorophyll index, sulfur and copper accumulation in shoots, carbon dioxide assimilation, superoxide dismutase (EC 1.15.1.1) activity and decreased the hydrogen peroxide concentration in rice leaves. The accumulation of Se in shoot biomass and Se concentration in seeds increased linearly with the applied rates. Water deficit strongly decreased the plant growth and yield. However, rice plants treated with Se showed higher net photosynthesis, water use efficiency and antioxidant system. This study provides useful information about the roles of Se in protecting rice plants from water deficit stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrício Ribeiro Andrade
- Department of Soil Science, Federal University of Lavras, Postal Code 3037, 37200-000 Lavras, MG, Brazil
| | - Geanderson Nascimento da Silva
- Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Sertão of Pernambuco, Postal Code 56304-060, Petrolina, PE, Brazil
| | - Karina Carvalho Guimarães
- Department of Food Science, Federal University of Lavras, Postal Code 3037, 37200-000 Lavras, MG, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Valdemar Faquin
- Department of Soil Science, Federal University of Lavras, Postal Code 3037, 37200-000 Lavras, MG, Brazil
| | - André Rodrigues Dos Reis
- School of Science and Engineering, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Postal Code 17602-496, Tupã, SP, Brazil.
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Li R, Zhang L, Wang L, Chen L, Zhao R, Sheng J, Shen L. Reduction of Tomato-Plant Chilling Tolerance by CRISPR-Cas9-Mediated SlCBF1 Mutagenesis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:9042-9051. [PMID: 30096237 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b02177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Chilling stress is the main constraint in tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum) production, as this is a chilling-sensitive horticultural crop. The highly conserved C-repeat binding factors (CBFs) are cold-response-system components found in many species. In this study, we generated slcbf1 mutants using the CRISPR-Cas9 system and investigated the role of SlCBF1 in tomato-plant chilling tolerances. The slcbf1 mutants exhibited more severe chilling-injury symptoms with higher electrolyte leakage and malondialdehyde levels than wild-type (WT) plants. Additionally, slcbf1 mutants showed lower proline and protein contents and higher hydrogen peroxide contents and activities of antioxidant enzymes than WT plants. Knockout of SlCBF1 significantly increased indole acetic acid contents but decreased methyl jasmonate, abscisic acid, and zeatin riboside contents. The reduced chilling tolerance of the slcbf1 mutants was further reflected by the down-regulation of CBF-related genes. These results contribute to a better understanding of the molecular basis underlying SlCBF1 mediation of tomato chilling sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Li
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering , China Agricultural University , Beijing 100083 , China
| | - Lixing Zhang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering , China Agricultural University , Beijing 100083 , China
| | - Liu Wang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering , China Agricultural University , Beijing 100083 , China
| | - Lin Chen
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering , China Agricultural University , Beijing 100083 , China
| | - Ruirui Zhao
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering , China Agricultural University , Beijing 100083 , China
| | - Jiping Sheng
- School of Agricultural Economics and Rural Development , Renmin University of China , Beijing 100872 , China
| | - Lin Shen
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering , China Agricultural University , Beijing 100083 , China
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Sahebi M, Hanafi MM, Rafii MY, Mahmud TMM, Azizi P, Osman M, Abiri R, Taheri S, Kalhori N, Shabanimofrad M, Miah G, Atabaki N. Improvement of Drought Tolerance in Rice ( Oryza sativa L.): Genetics, Genomic Tools, and the WRKY Gene Family. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:3158474. [PMID: 30175125 PMCID: PMC6106855 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3158474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Drought tolerance is an important quantitative trait with multipart phenotypes that are often further complicated by plant phenology. Different types of environmental stresses, such as high irradiance, high temperatures, nutrient deficiencies, and toxicities, may challenge crops simultaneously; therefore, breeding for drought tolerance is very complicated. Interdisciplinary researchers have been attempting to dissect and comprehend the mechanisms of plant tolerance to drought stress using various methods; however, the limited success of molecular breeding and physiological approaches suggests that we rethink our strategies. Recent genetic techniques and genomics tools coupled with advances in breeding methodologies and precise phenotyping will likely reveal candidate genes and metabolic pathways underlying drought tolerance in crops. The WRKY transcription factors are involved in different biological processes in plant development. This zinc (Zn) finger protein family, particularly members that respond to and mediate stress responses, is exclusively found in plants. A total of 89 WRKY genes in japonica and 97 WRKY genes in O. nivara (OnWRKY) have been identified and mapped onto individual chromosomes. To increase the drought tolerance of rice (Oryza sativa L.), research programs should address the problem using a multidisciplinary strategy, including the interaction of plant phenology and multiple stresses, and the combination of drought tolerance traits with different genetic and genomics approaches, such as microarrays, quantitative trait loci (QTLs), WRKY gene family members with roles in drought tolerance, and transgenic crops. This review discusses the newest advances in plant physiology for the exact phenotyping of plant responses to drought to update methods of analysing drought tolerance in rice. Finally, based on the physiological/morphological and molecular mechanisms found in resistant parent lines, a strategy is suggested to select a particular environment and adapt suitable germplasm to that environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahbod Sahebi
- Laboratory of Climate-Smart Food Crop Production, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohamed M. Hanafi
- Laboratory of Climate-Smart Food Crop Production, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Laboratory of Plantation Science and Technology, Institute of Plantation Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Land Management, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - M. Y. Rafii
- Laboratory of Climate-Smart Food Crop Production, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - T. M. M. Mahmud
- Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Parisa Azizi
- Laboratory of Plantation Science and Technology, Institute of Plantation Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohamad Osman
- Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Rambod Abiri
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Sima Taheri
- Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nahid Kalhori
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - M. Shabanimofrad
- Laboratory of Climate-Smart Food Crop Production, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Gous Miah
- Laboratory of Climate-Smart Food Crop Production, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Narges Atabaki
- Iran Azad University of Tehran Science & Reserach Branch, Hesarak, Tehran 1477893855, Iran
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Küçükakyüz K, Yıldıztekin M, Civelek HS, Nadeem S, Tuna AL. Antioxidative Defence Mechanisms in Tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum L.) Plants Sprayed with Different Pesticides and Boron compounds. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SECONDARY METABOLITE 2018. [DOI: 10.21448/ijsm.450830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Zafra A, Castro AJ, Alché JDD. Identification of novel superoxide dismutase isoenzymes in the olive (Olea europaea L.) pollen. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 18:114. [PMID: 29884131 PMCID: PMC5994013 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-018-1328-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Among antioxidant enzymes, the superoxide dismutase (SOD) family is a major actor in catalysing the disproportionation of superoxide. Apart from its role as antioxidant, these enzymes have a role in cell signalling, and Cu,Zn-SOD proteins are also major pollen allergens. In order to deepen our understanding of the SOD isoenzymes present in olive pollen and to analyse the molecular variability of the pollen Cu,Zn-SOD family, we carried out biochemical, transcriptomic and localization studies of pollen grains from different olive cultivars and other allergenic species. RESULTS Olive pollen showed a high rate of total SOD activity in all cultivars assayed, which did not correlate with pollen viability. Mass spectrometry analysis together with activity assays and Western blotting experiments enabled us to identify new forms of Cu,Zn-SOD enzyme (including chloroplastidic and peroxisomal forms) as well as differentially expressed Mn-, Fe- and Cu,Zn-SOD isoenzymes among the pollen of different olive cultivars and allergenic species. Ultrastructural localization of Cu,Zn-SOD revealed its plastidial localization in the pollen grain. We also identified the occurrence of a shorter form of one of the cytosolic Cu,Zn-SOD enzymes, likely as the result of alternative splicing. This shorter enzyme showed lower SOD activity as compared to the full length form. CONCLUSIONS The presence of multiple SOD isoenzymes in the olive pollen could be related to the need of finely tuning the ROS metabolism during the transition from its quiescent condition at maturity to a highly metabolically active state at germination.
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Grants
- BFU2016-77243-P Secretaría de Estado de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación
- RTC-2016-4824-2 Secretaría de Estado de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación
- RTC-2015-4181-2 Secretaría de Estado de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación
- BFU2011-22779 Secretaría de Estado de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación
- 201540E065 Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas
- 201840E055 Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas
- P2010-AGR6274 Consejería de Economía, Innovación, Ciencia y Empleo, Junta de Andalucía
- P2011-CVI-7487 Consejería de Economía, Innovación, Ciencia y Empleo, Junta de Andalucía
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Affiliation(s)
- Adoración Zafra
- Plant Reproductive Biology Research Laboratory, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology of Plants, Profesor Albareda 1, 18008 Granada, Spain
| | - Antonio Jesús Castro
- Plant Reproductive Biology Research Laboratory, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology of Plants, Profesor Albareda 1, 18008 Granada, Spain
| | - Juan de Dios Alché
- Plant Reproductive Biology Research Laboratory, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology of Plants, Profesor Albareda 1, 18008 Granada, Spain
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Sarker U, Oba S. Drought Stress Effects on Growth, ROS Markers, Compatible Solutes, Phenolics, Flavonoids, and Antioxidant Activity in Amaranthus tricolor. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2018; 186:999-1016. [PMID: 29804177 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-018-2784-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Four selected Amaranthus tricolor cultivars were grown under four irrigation regimes (25, 50, 80, and 100% field capacity) to evaluate the mechanisms of growth and physiological and biochemical responses against drought stress in randomized complete block design with three replications. Drought stress led to decrease in total biomass, specific leaf area, relative water content (RWC), photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, chlorophyll ab), and soluble protein and increase in MDA, H2O2, EL, proline, total carotenoid, ascorbic acid, polyphenols, flavonoids, and antioxidant activity. However, responses of these parameters were differential in respect to cultivars and the degree of drought stresses. No significant difference was observed in control and LDS for most of the traits. The cultivars VA14 and VA16 were identified as more tolerant to drought and could be used for further evaluations in future breeding programs and new cultivar release programs. Positively significant correlations among MDA, H2O2, compatible solutes, and non-enzymatic antioxidant (proline, TPC, TFC, and TAC) suggested that compatible solutes and non-enzymatic antioxidant played vital role in detoxifying of ROS in A. tricolor cultivar. The increased content of ascorbic acid indicated the crucial role of the ASC-GSH cycle for scavenging ROS in A. tricolor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umakanta Sarker
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Laboratory of Field Science, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan.,Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, 1706, Bangladesh
| | - Shinya Oba
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Laboratory of Field Science, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan.
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Identification of differentially accumulated proteins involved in regulating independent and combined osmosis and cadmium stress response in Brachypodium seedling roots. Sci Rep 2018; 8:7790. [PMID: 29773844 PMCID: PMC5958118 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-25959-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to identify differentially accumulated proteins (DAPs) involved in PEG mock osmotic stress, cadmium (Cd2+) stress, and their combined stress responses in Brachypodium distachyon seedling roots. The results showed that combined PEG and Cd2+ stresses had more significant effects on Brachypodium seedling root growth, physiological traits, and ultrastructures when compared with each individual stress. Totally, 106 DAPs were identified that are responsive to individual and combined stresses in roots. These DAPs were mainly involved in energy metabolism, detoxification and stress defense and protein metabolism. Principal component analysis revealed that DAPs from Cd2+ and combined stress treatments were grouped closer than those from osmotic stress treatment, indicating that Cd2+ and combined stresses had more severe influences on the root proteome than osmotic stress alone. Protein-protein interaction analyses highlighted a 14-3-3 centered sub-network that synergistically responded to osmotic and Cd2+ stresses and their combined stresses. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis of 14 key DAP genes revealed that most genes showed consistency between transcriptional and translational expression patterns. A putative pathway of proteome metabolic changes in Brachypodium seedling roots under different stresses was proposed, which revealed a complicated synergetic responsive network of plant roots to adverse environments.
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Fatma F, Verma S, Kamal A, Srivastava A. Phytotoxicity of pesticides mancozeb and chlorpyrifos: correlation with the antioxidative defence system in Allium cepa. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 24:115-123. [PMID: 29398843 PMCID: PMC5787121 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-017-0490-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides are a group of chemical substances which are widely used to improve agricultural production. However, these substances could be persistent in soil and water, accumulative in sediment or bio-accumulative in biota depending on their solubility, leading to different types of environmental pollution. The present study was done to assess the impact of pesticides-mancozeb and chlorpyrifos, via morphological and physiological parameters using Allium cepa test system. Phytotoxic effects of pesticides were examined via germination percentage, survival percentage, root and shoot length, root shoot length ratio, seedling vigor index, percentage of phytotoxicity and tolerance index. Oxidative stress on Allium seedlings caused by pesticides was also assessed by investigating the activity of antioxidative enzymes viz. catalase, peroxidase and superoxide dismutase. Correlation was worked out between morphological parameters and antioxidative enzymes to bring out the alliance between them. Mancozeb and chlorpyrifos concentrations were significantly and positively correlated with the activity of antioxidative enzymes and negatively correlated with morphological parameters. Significant positive correlation between various morphological parameters showed their interdependency. However, negative correlation was obtained between activity of antioxidative enzymes and morphological parameters. The enzymes however, showed positive correlation with each other. Based on our result we can conclude that all morphological parameters were adversely affected by the two pesticides as reflected by phytotoxicity in Allium. Their negative correlation with activity of antioxidative enzymes indicates that upregulation of antioxidative enzymes is not sufficient to overcome the toxic effect, thereby signifying the threat being caused by the regular use of these pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Firdos Fatma
- Department of Bioengineering, Integral University, Lucknow, India
| | - Sonam Verma
- In Vitro Culture and Plant Genetics Unit, Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, U.P. 226007 India
| | - Aisha Kamal
- Department of Bioengineering, Integral University, Lucknow, India
| | - Alka Srivastava
- In Vitro Culture and Plant Genetics Unit, Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, U.P. 226007 India
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Bhattacharjee S, Dey N. Redox metabolic and molecular parameters for screening drought tolerant indigenous aromatic rice cultivars. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 24:7-23. [PMID: 29398835 PMCID: PMC5787115 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-017-0484-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2016] [Revised: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The present work makes an effort to assess and standardize some redox metabolic and molecular parameters for screening drought tolerant indigenous aromatic rice cultivars of West Bengal, India. PEG-induced dehydration stress during early germination caused disruption of redox-homeostasis and oxidative damage in four IARVs (Jamainadu, Tulaipanji, Sitabhog and Badshabhog) by enhancing the accumulation of pro-oxidants [assessed in terms of oxidation of 2',7'-dichlorofluorescindiacetate (DCFDA), accumulation of [Formula: see text] and H2O2 and in situ staining of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in germinating tissue], significant reduction of antioxidative defence (total antioxidant and radical scavenging capacity, total thiol content and activities of antioxidative defence enzymes) and aggravating protein oxidation and lipid peroxidation (assessed in terms of free carbonyl content and accumulation of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances). When compared between the indigenous aromatic rice cultivars, a clear trend in differential redox regulatory properties in which ROS-antioxidant interaction acts at metabolic interface for redox homeostasis was observed in the order Badshabhog > Tulaipanji > Sitabhog > Jamainadu. Moreover, when the efficacy of ascorbate-glutathione cycle for scavenging H2O2 generated during dehydration stress was assessed and compared between the landraces exposed to PEG-induced dehydration stress in germinating tissue, it also exhibited almost the same trend with the landrace Tulaipanji and Badsabhog exhibiting maximum and Jamainadu the minimum efficiencies of the redox cycle. The indigenous aromatic rice cultivars Tulaipanji and Badsabhog resist dehydration stress better than the other two landraces due to its early preparedness to combat oxidative stress by up-regulating expression of genes of some enzymes of ascorbate-glutathione cycle along with some other antioxidative enzymes. A model of redox homeostasis in which ROS-antioxidant (ascorbate-glutathione system) acts at metabolic interface for up-regulation of antioxidative gene expression necessary for differential drought stress tolerance among the indigenous aromatic rice varieties is suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumen Bhattacharjee
- Centre for Advanced Study, Department of Botany, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan, West Bengal India
| | - Nivedita Dey
- Centre for Advanced Study, Department of Botany, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan, West Bengal India
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