1
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Chen X, van de Sande JW, Ritmejeris J, Wen C, Brinkerhoff H, Laszlo AH, Albada B, Dekker C. Resolving sulfation PTMs on a plant peptide hormone using nanopore sequencing. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.08.593138. [PMID: 38765996 PMCID: PMC11100766 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.08.593138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Peptide phytohormones are decorated with post-translational modifications (PTMs) that are crucial for receptor recognition. Tyrosine sulfation on these hormones is essential for plant growth and development1. Measuring the occurrence and position of sulfotyrosine is, however, compromised by major technical challenges during isolation and detection2. We recently introduced a nanopore peptide sequencing method that sensitively detects PTMs at the single-molecule level3. By translocating PTM variants of the plant pentapeptide hormone phytosulfokine (PSK) through a nanopore, we here demonstrate accurate identification of sulfation and phosphorylation on the two tyrosine residues of PSK. Sulfation can be clearly detected and distinguished (>90%) from phosphorylation on the same residue. Moreover, the presence or absence of PTMs on the two close-by tyrosine residues can be accurately determined (>96% accuracy). Our findings demonstrate the extraordinary sensitivity of nanopore protein measurements, providing a new tool for identifying sulfation on peptide phytohormones and promising wider applications to identify protein PTMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuqi Chen
- Department of Bionanoscience, Kavli Institute of Nanoscience Delft, Delft University of Technology, Delft, the Netherlands
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Jasper W. van de Sande
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Justas Ritmejeris
- Department of Bionanoscience, Kavli Institute of Nanoscience Delft, Delft University of Technology, Delft, the Netherlands
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Chenyu Wen
- Department of Bionanoscience, Kavli Institute of Nanoscience Delft, Delft University of Technology, Delft, the Netherlands
| | | | - Andrew H. Laszlo
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Bauke Albada
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Cees Dekker
- Department of Bionanoscience, Kavli Institute of Nanoscience Delft, Delft University of Technology, Delft, the Netherlands
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2
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Del Corpo D, Coculo D, Greco M, De Lorenzo G, Lionetti V. Pull the fuzes: Processing protein precursors to generate apoplastic danger signals for triggering plant immunity. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2024:100931. [PMID: 38689495 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2024.100931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
The apoplast is one of the first cellular compartments outside the plasma membrane encountered by phytopathogenic microbes in the early stages of plant tissue invasion. Plants have developed sophisticated surveillance mechanisms to sense danger events at the cell surface and promptly activate immunity. However, a fine tuning of the activation of immune pathways is necessary to mount a robust and effective defense response. Several endogenous proteins and enzymes are synthesized as inactive precursors, and their post-translational processing has emerged as a critical mechanism for triggering alarms in the apoplast. In this review, we focus on the precursors of phytocytokines, cell wall remodeling enzymes, and proteases. The physiological events that convert inactive precursors into immunomodulatory active peptides or enzymes are described. This review also explores the functional synergies among phytocytokines, cell wall damage-associated molecular patterns, and remodeling, highlighting their roles in boosting extracellular immunity and reinforcing defenses against pests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Del Corpo
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Charles Darwin," Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniele Coculo
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Charles Darwin," Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Greco
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Charles Darwin," Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia De Lorenzo
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Charles Darwin," Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Lionetti
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Charles Darwin," Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
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3
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He L, Wu L, Li J. Sulfated peptides and their receptors: Key regulators of plant development and stress adaptation. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2024:100918. [PMID: 38600699 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2024.100918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Four distinct types of sulfated peptides have been identified in Arabidopsis thaliana. These peptides play crucial roles in regulating plant development and stress adaptation. Recent studies have revealed that Xanthomonas and Meloidogyne can secrete plant-like sulfated peptides, exploiting the plant sulfated peptide signaling pathway to suppress plant immunity. Over the past three decades, receptors for these four types of sulfated peptides have been identified, all of which belong to the leucine-rich repeat receptor-like protein kinase subfamily. A number of regulatory proteins have been demonstrated to play important roles in their corresponding signal transduction pathways. In this review, we comprehensively summarize the discoveries of sulfated peptides and their receptors, mainly in Arabidopsis thaliana. We also discuss their known biological functions in plant development and stress adaptation. Finally, we put forward a number of questions for reference in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liming He
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Liangfan Wu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jia Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Adaptation and Molecular Design, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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4
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Chekan JR, Mydy LS, Pasquale MA, Kersten RD. Plant peptides - redefining an area of ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptides. Nat Prod Rep 2024. [PMID: 38411572 DOI: 10.1039/d3np00042g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Covering 1965 to February 2024Plants are prolific peptide chemists and are known to make thousands of different peptidic molecules. These peptides vary dramatically in their size, chemistry, and bioactivity. Despite their differences, all plant peptides to date are biosynthesized as ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptides (RiPPs). Decades of research in plant RiPP biosynthesis have extended the definition and scope of RiPPs from microbial sources, establishing paradigms and discovering new families of biosynthetic enzymes. The discovery and elucidation of plant peptide pathways is challenging due to repurposing and evolution of housekeeping genes as both precursor peptides and biosynthetic enzymes and due to the low rates of gene clustering in plants. In this review, we highlight the chemistry, biosynthesis, and function of the known RiPP classes from plants and recommend a nomenclature for the recent addition of BURP-domain-derived RiPPs termed burpitides. Burpitides are an emerging family of cyclic plant RiPPs characterized by macrocyclic crosslinks between tyrosine or tryptophan side chains and other amino acid side chains or their peptide backbone that are formed by copper-dependent BURP-domain-containing proteins termed burpitide cyclases. Finally, we review the discovery of plant RiPPs through bioactivity-guided, structure-guided, and gene-guided approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan R Chekan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA.
| | - Lisa S Mydy
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Michael A Pasquale
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA.
| | - Roland D Kersten
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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5
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Ercoli MF, Shigenaga AM, de Araujo AT, Jain R, Ronald PC. Tyrosine-sulfated peptide hormone induces flavonol biosynthesis to control elongation and differentiation in Arabidopsis primary root. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.02.578681. [PMID: 38352507 PMCID: PMC10862922 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.02.578681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
In Arabidopsis roots, growth initiation and cessation are organized into distinct zones. How regulatory mechanisms are integrated to coordinate these processes and maintain proper growth progression over time is not well understood. Here, we demonstrate that the peptide hormone PLANT PEPTIDE CONTAINING SULFATED TYROSINE 1 (PSY1) promotes root growth by controlling cell elongation. Higher levels of PSY1 lead to longer differentiated cells with a shootward displacement of characteristics common to mature cells. PSY1 activates genes involved in the biosynthesis of flavonols, a group of plant-specific secondary metabolites. Using genetic and chemical approaches, we show that flavonols are required for PSY1 function. Flavonol accumulation downstream of PSY1 occurs in the differentiation zone, where PSY1 also reduces auxin and reactive oxygen species (ROS) activity. These findings support a model where PSY1 signals the developmental-specific accumulation of secondary metabolites to regulate the extent of cell elongation and the overall progression to maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Florencia Ercoli
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
- The Genome Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
- The Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley 94720
| | - Alexandra M Shigenaga
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
- The Genome Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Artur Teixeira de Araujo
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
- The Genome Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
- The Joint Bioenergy Institute, Emeryville, California
| | - Rashmi Jain
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
- The Genome Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Pamela C Ronald
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
- The Genome Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
- The Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley 94720
- The Joint Bioenergy Institute, Emeryville, California
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6
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Liu M, Zhang Y, Shaw RK, Zhang X, Li J, Li L, Li S, Adnan M, Jiang F, Bi Y, Yin X, Fan X. Genome-Wide Association Study and Prediction of Tassel Weight of Tropical Maize Germplasm in Multi-Parent Population. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1756. [PMID: 38339032 PMCID: PMC10855296 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Tassel weight (TW) is a crucial agronomic trait that significantly affects pollen supply and grain yield development in maize breeding. To improve maize yield and develop new varieties, a comprehensive understanding of the genetic mechanisms underlying tassel weight is essential. In this study, tropical maize inbred lines, namely CML312, CML373, CML444, and YML46, were selected as female parents and crossed with the elite maize inbred line Ye107, which served as the common male parent, to develop a multi-parent population comprising four F8 recombinant inbred line (RIL) subpopulations. Using 6616 high-quality single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers, we conducted genome-wide association analysis (GWAS) and genomic selection (GS) on 642 F8 RILs in four subpopulations across three different environments. Through GWAS, we identified 16 SNPs that were significantly associated with TW, encompassing two stable loci expressed across multiple environments. Furthermore, within the candidate regions of these SNPs, we discovered four novel candidate genes related to TW, namely Zm00001d044362, Zm00001d011048, Zm00001d011049, and Zm00001d031173 distributed on chromosomes 1, 3, and 8, which have not been previously reported. These genes are involved in processes such as signal transduction, growth and development, protein splicing, and pollen development, all of which play crucial roles in inflorescence meristem development, directly affecting TW. The co-localized SNP, S8_137379725, on chromosome 8 was situated within a 16.569 kb long terminal repeat retrotransposon (LTR-RT), located 22.819 kb upstream and 26.428 kb downstream of the candidate genes (Zm00001d011048 and Zm00001d011049). When comparing three distinct GS models, the BayesB model demonstrated the highest accuracy in predicting TW. This study establishes the theoretical foundation for future research into the genetic mechanisms underlying maize TW and the efficient breeding of high-yielding varieties with desired tassel weight through GS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meichen Liu
- School of Agriculture, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China; (M.L.); (X.Z.); (J.L.); (L.L.); (S.L.)
| | - Yudong Zhang
- Institute of Food Crops, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650205, China; (Y.Z.); (R.K.S.); (M.A.); (F.J.); (Y.B.); (X.Y.)
| | - Ranjan K. Shaw
- Institute of Food Crops, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650205, China; (Y.Z.); (R.K.S.); (M.A.); (F.J.); (Y.B.); (X.Y.)
| | - Xingjie Zhang
- School of Agriculture, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China; (M.L.); (X.Z.); (J.L.); (L.L.); (S.L.)
| | - Jinfeng Li
- School of Agriculture, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China; (M.L.); (X.Z.); (J.L.); (L.L.); (S.L.)
| | - Linzhuo Li
- School of Agriculture, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China; (M.L.); (X.Z.); (J.L.); (L.L.); (S.L.)
| | - Shaoxiong Li
- School of Agriculture, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China; (M.L.); (X.Z.); (J.L.); (L.L.); (S.L.)
| | - Muhammad Adnan
- Institute of Food Crops, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650205, China; (Y.Z.); (R.K.S.); (M.A.); (F.J.); (Y.B.); (X.Y.)
| | - Fuyan Jiang
- Institute of Food Crops, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650205, China; (Y.Z.); (R.K.S.); (M.A.); (F.J.); (Y.B.); (X.Y.)
| | - Yaqi Bi
- Institute of Food Crops, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650205, China; (Y.Z.); (R.K.S.); (M.A.); (F.J.); (Y.B.); (X.Y.)
| | - Xingfu Yin
- Institute of Food Crops, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650205, China; (Y.Z.); (R.K.S.); (M.A.); (F.J.); (Y.B.); (X.Y.)
| | - Xingming Fan
- Institute of Food Crops, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650205, China; (Y.Z.); (R.K.S.); (M.A.); (F.J.); (Y.B.); (X.Y.)
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7
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van Wijk KJ, Leppert T, Sun Z, Kearly A, Li M, Mendoza L, Guzchenko I, Debley E, Sauermann G, Routray P, Malhotra S, Nelson A, Sun Q, Deutsch EW. Detection of the Arabidopsis Proteome and Its Post-translational Modifications and the Nature of the Unobserved (Dark) Proteome in PeptideAtlas. J Proteome Res 2024; 23:185-214. [PMID: 38104260 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.3c00536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
This study describes a new release of the Arabidopsis thaliana PeptideAtlas proteomics resource (build 2023-10) providing protein sequence coverage, matched mass spectrometry (MS) spectra, selected post-translational modifications (PTMs), and metadata. 70 million MS/MS spectra were matched to the Araport11 annotation, identifying ∼0.6 million unique peptides and 18,267 proteins at the highest confidence level and 3396 lower confidence proteins, together representing 78.6% of the predicted proteome. Additional identified proteins not predicted in Araport11 should be considered for the next Arabidopsis genome annotation. This release identified 5198 phosphorylated proteins, 668 ubiquitinated proteins, 3050 N-terminally acetylated proteins, and 864 lysine-acetylated proteins and mapped their PTM sites. MS support was lacking for 21.4% (5896 proteins) of the predicted Araport11 proteome: the "dark" proteome. This dark proteome is highly enriched for E3 ligases, transcription factors, and for certain (e.g., CLE, IDA, PSY) but not other (e.g., THIONIN, CAP) signaling peptides families. A machine learning model trained on RNA expression data and protein properties predicts the probability that proteins will be detected. The model aids in discovery of proteins with short half-life (e.g., SIG1,3 and ERF-VII TFs) and for developing strategies to identify the missing proteins. PeptideAtlas is linked to TAIR, tracks in JBrowse, and several other community proteomics resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaas J van Wijk
- Section of Plant Biology, School of Integrative Plant Sciences (SIPS), Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Tami Leppert
- Institute for Systems Biology (ISB), Seattle, Washington 98109, United States
| | - Zhi Sun
- Institute for Systems Biology (ISB), Seattle, Washington 98109, United States
| | - Alyssa Kearly
- Boyce Thompson Institute, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Margaret Li
- Institute for Systems Biology (ISB), Seattle, Washington 98109, United States
| | - Luis Mendoza
- Institute for Systems Biology (ISB), Seattle, Washington 98109, United States
| | - Isabell Guzchenko
- Section of Plant Biology, School of Integrative Plant Sciences (SIPS), Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Erica Debley
- Section of Plant Biology, School of Integrative Plant Sciences (SIPS), Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Georgia Sauermann
- Section of Plant Biology, School of Integrative Plant Sciences (SIPS), Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Pratyush Routray
- Section of Plant Biology, School of Integrative Plant Sciences (SIPS), Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Sagunya Malhotra
- Institute for Systems Biology (ISB), Seattle, Washington 98109, United States
| | - Andrew Nelson
- Boyce Thompson Institute, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Qi Sun
- Computational Biology Service Unit, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Eric W Deutsch
- Institute for Systems Biology (ISB), Seattle, Washington 98109, United States
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8
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Klapper FA, Kiel C, Bellstedt P, Vyverman W, Pohnert G. Structure Elucidation of the First Sex-Inducing Pheromone of a Diatom. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202307165. [PMID: 37607131 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202307165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Diatoms are abundant unicellular microalgae, responsible for ≈20 % of global photosynthetic CO2 fixation. Nevertheless, we know little about fundamental aspects of their biology, such as their sexual reproduction. Pheromone-mediated chemical communication is crucial for successful mating. An attraction pheromone was identified in the diatom Seminavis robusta, but metabolites priming cells for sex and synchronizing search and mating behavior remained elusive. These sex-inducing pheromones (SIP) induce cell cycle arrest and trigger the production of the attraction pheromone. Here we describe the challenging structure elucidation of an S. robusta SIP. Guided by metabolomics, a candidate metabolite was identified and elucidated by labeling experiments, NMR, ESI MSn analyses, and chemical transformations. The use of negative ion mode MS was essential to decipher the unprecedented hydroxyproline and β-sulfated aspartate-containing cyclic heptapeptide that acts in femtomolar concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska A Klapper
- Institute for Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Bioorganic Analytics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Lessingstrasse 8, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Christine Kiel
- Institute for Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Bioorganic Analytics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Lessingstrasse 8, 07743, Jena, Germany
- Department of Plankton and Microbial Ecology, Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Zur alten Fischerhütte 2, 16775, Stechlin, Germany
| | - Peter Bellstedt
- Institute of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 10, 07743, Jena, Germany
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University of Zurich & University Hospital, Rämistrasse 100, 8091, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Wim Vyverman
- Laboratory of Protistology and Aquatic Ecology, Department of Biology, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S8, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Georg Pohnert
- Institute for Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Bioorganic Analytics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Lessingstrasse 8, 07743, Jena, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Straße 8, 07745, Jena, Germany
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9
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Bühler E, Fahrbach E, Schaller A, Stührwohldt N. Sulfopeptide CLEL6 inhibits anthocyanin biosynthesis in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 193:809-820. [PMID: 37254811 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Posttranslationally modified peptides are now recognized as important regulators of plant stress responses. Here, we identified the small sulfated CLE-LIKE6 (CLEL6) peptide as a negative regulator of anthocyanin biosynthesis in etiolated and in light-stressed Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) seedlings. CLEL6 function depends on proteolytic processing of the CLEL6 precursor by subtilisin-like serine proteinase 6.1 (SBT6.1) and on tyrosine sulfation by tyrosylprotein sulfotransferase (TPST). Loss-of-function mutants of either sbt6.1 or tpst showed significantly higher anthocyanin accumulation than the wild type upon light stress. The anthocyanin overaccumulation phenotype of sbt6.1 and tpst was suppressed by application of mature CLEL6. Overexpression and external application of CLEL6 inhibited the expression of anthocyanin biosynthesis genes in etiolated and light-stressed seedlings, confirming the role of CLEL6 as an inhibitor of anthocyanin biosynthesis. Small posttranslationally modified peptides are perceived by leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinases. Using a quintuple mutant of ROOT MERISTEM GROWTH FACTOR 1 INSENSITIVE (RGI) receptors, we showed the essential function of the RGI receptor family in CLEL6 signaling. Our data indicate that overexpression or application of CLEL6 inhibits anthocyanin biosynthesis through RGI receptors. We propose that CLEL6 inhibits anthocyanin biosynthesis in etiolated seedlings, and that anthocyanin biosynthesis is derepressed when CLEL6 expression is downregulated upon light exposure. Hyperaccumulation of anthocyanins in light-stressed tpst and sbt6.1 mutant seedlings suggests that CLEL6, or related sulfopeptides, continues to act as negative regulators to limit pigment accumulation in the light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Bühler
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Institute of Biology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart 70593, Germany
| | - Elisa Fahrbach
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Institute of Biology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart 70593, Germany
| | - Andreas Schaller
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Institute of Biology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart 70593, Germany
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10
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Chao J, Wu S, Shi M, Xu X, Gao Q, Du H, Gao B, Guo D, Yang S, Zhang S, Li Y, Fan X, Hai C, Kou L, Zhang J, Wang Z, Li Y, Xue W, Xu J, Deng X, Huang X, Gao X, Zhang X, Hu Y, Zeng X, Li W, Zhang L, Peng S, Wu J, Hao B, Wang X, Yu H, Li J, Liang C, Tian WM. Genomic insight into domestication of rubber tree. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4651. [PMID: 37532727 PMCID: PMC10397287 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40304-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the genetic basis of rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis) domestication is crucial for further improving natural rubber production to meet its increasing demand worldwide. Here we provide a high-quality H. brasiliensis genome assembly (1.58 Gb, contig N50 of 11.21 megabases), present a map of genome variations by resequencing 335 accessions and reveal domestication-related molecular signals and a major domestication trait, the higher number of laticifer rings. We further show that HbPSK5, encoding the small-peptide hormone phytosulfokine (PSK), is a key domestication gene and closely correlated with the major domestication trait. The transcriptional activation of HbPSK5 by myelocytomatosis (MYC) members links PSK signaling to jasmonates in regulating the laticifer differentiation in rubber tree. Heterologous overexpression of HbPSK5 in Russian dandelion (Taraxacum kok-saghyz) can increase rubber content by promoting laticifer formation. Our results provide an insight into target genes for improving rubber tree and accelerating the domestication of other rubber-producing plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinquan Chao
- National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Sanya, 572024, China
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber Tree, Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, China
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Cultivation and Physiology for Tropical Crops, Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, China
| | - Shaohua Wu
- National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Sanya, 572024, China
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber Tree, Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, China
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Cultivation and Physiology for Tropical Crops, Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, China
| | - Minjing Shi
- National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Sanya, 572024, China
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber Tree, Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, China
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Cultivation and Physiology for Tropical Crops, Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, China
| | - Xia Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Qiang Gao
- Genomics and Genetic Engineering Laboratory of Ornamental Plants, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Qi Biodesign, Life Science Park, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Huilong Du
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Bin Gao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Dong Guo
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Tropical Crop Biotechnology, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, China
| | - Shuguang Yang
- National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Sanya, 572024, China
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber Tree, Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, China
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Cultivation and Physiology for Tropical Crops, Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, China
| | - Shixin Zhang
- National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Sanya, 572024, China
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber Tree, Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, China
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Cultivation and Physiology for Tropical Crops, Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, China
| | - Yan Li
- National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Sanya, 572024, China
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber Tree, Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, China
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Cultivation and Physiology for Tropical Crops, Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, China
| | - Xiuli Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Chunyan Hai
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Liquan Kou
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Jiao Zhang
- BGI Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China
| | - Zhiwei Wang
- BGI Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China
| | - Yan Li
- BGI Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China
| | - Wenbo Xue
- BGI Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China
| | - Jiang Xu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Xiaomin Deng
- National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Sanya, 572024, China
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber Tree, Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, China
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Cultivation and Physiology for Tropical Crops, Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, China
| | - Xiao Huang
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber Tree, Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, China
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Cultivation and Physiology for Tropical Crops, Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, China
| | - Xinsheng Gao
- National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Sanya, 572024, China
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber Tree, Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, China
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Cultivation and Physiology for Tropical Crops, Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, China
| | - Xiaofei Zhang
- National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Sanya, 572024, China
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber Tree, Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, China
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Cultivation and Physiology for Tropical Crops, Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, China
| | - Yanshi Hu
- National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Sanya, 572024, China
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber Tree, Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, China
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Cultivation and Physiology for Tropical Crops, Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, China
| | - Xia Zeng
- National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Sanya, 572024, China
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber Tree, Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, China
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Cultivation and Physiology for Tropical Crops, Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, China
| | - Weiguo Li
- National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Sanya, 572024, China
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber Tree, Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, China
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Cultivation and Physiology for Tropical Crops, Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, China
| | - Liangsheng Zhang
- Genomics and Genetic Engineering Laboratory of Ornamental Plants, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Shiqing Peng
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Tropical Crop Biotechnology, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, China
| | - Jilin Wu
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber Tree, Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, China
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Cultivation and Physiology for Tropical Crops, Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, China
| | - Bingzhong Hao
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber Tree, Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, China
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Cultivation and Physiology for Tropical Crops, Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, China
| | - Xuchu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Institute of Agro-Bioengineering, College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Hong Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Jiayang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya, 572024, China.
| | - Chengzhi Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Wei-Min Tian
- National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Sanya, 572024, China.
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber Tree, Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, China.
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Cultivation and Physiology for Tropical Crops, Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, China.
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11
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Hu Z, Fang H, Zhu C, Gu S, Ding S, Yu J, Shi K. Ubiquitylation of PHYTOSULFOKINE RECEPTOR 1 modulates the defense response in tomato. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 192:2507-2522. [PMID: 36946197 PMCID: PMC10315268 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Phytosulfokine (PSK) is a danger-associated molecular pattern recognized by PHYTOSULFOKINE RECEPTOR 1 (PSKR1) and initiates intercellular signaling to coordinate different physiological processes, especially in the defense response to the necrotrophic fungus Botrytis cinerea. The activity of peptide receptors is largely influenced by different posttranslational modifications, which determine intercellular peptide signal outputs. To date, the posttranslational modification to PHYTOSULFOKINE RECEPTOR 1 (PSKR1) remains largely unknown. Here, we show that tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) PSKR1 is regulated by the ubiquitin/proteasome degradation pathway. Using multiple protein-protein interactions and ubiquitylation analyses, we identified that plant U-box E3 ligases PUB12 and PUB13 interacted with PSKR1, among which PUB13 caused PSKR1 ubiquitylation at Lys-748 and Lys-905 sites to control PSKR1 abundance. However, this posttranslational modification was attenuated upon addition of PSK. Moreover, the disease symptoms observed in PUB13 knock-down and overexpression lines demonstrated that PUB13 significantly suppressed the PSK-initiated defense response. This highlights an important regulatory function for the turnover of a peptide receptor by E3 ligase-mediated ubiquitylation in the plant defense response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhangjian Hu
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Hainan Institute, Zhejiang University, Yazhou Bay Science and Technology City, Sanya 572025, China
| | - Hanmo Fang
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Changan Zhu
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Shaohan Gu
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Shuting Ding
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jingquan Yu
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Hainan Institute, Zhejiang University, Yazhou Bay Science and Technology City, Sanya 572025, China
| | - Kai Shi
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Hainan Institute, Zhejiang University, Yazhou Bay Science and Technology City, Sanya 572025, China
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12
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van Wijk KJ, Leppert T, Sun Z, Kearly A, Li M, Mendoza L, Guzchenko I, Debley E, Sauermann G, Routray P, Malhotra S, Nelson A, Sun Q, Deutsch EW. Mapping the Arabidopsis thaliana proteome in PeptideAtlas and the nature of the unobserved (dark) proteome; strategies towards a complete proteome. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.01.543322. [PMID: 37333403 PMCID: PMC10274743 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.01.543322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
This study describes a new release of the Arabidopsis thaliana PeptideAtlas proteomics resource providing protein sequence coverage, matched mass spectrometry (MS) spectra, selected PTMs, and metadata. 70 million MS/MS spectra were matched to the Araport11 annotation, identifying ∼0.6 million unique peptides and 18267 proteins at the highest confidence level and 3396 lower confidence proteins, together representing 78.6% of the predicted proteome. Additional identified proteins not predicted in Araport11 should be considered for building the next Arabidopsis genome annotation. This release identified 5198 phosphorylated proteins, 668 ubiquitinated proteins, 3050 N-terminally acetylated proteins and 864 lysine-acetylated proteins and mapped their PTM sites. MS support was lacking for 21.4% (5896 proteins) of the predicted Araport11 proteome - the 'dark' proteome. This dark proteome is highly enriched for certain ( e.g. CLE, CEP, IDA, PSY) but not other ( e.g. THIONIN, CAP,) signaling peptides families, E3 ligases, TFs, and other proteins with unfavorable physicochemical properties. A machine learning model trained on RNA expression data and protein properties predicts the probability for proteins to be detected. The model aids in discovery of proteins with short-half life ( e.g. SIG1,3 and ERF-VII TFs) and completing the proteome. PeptideAtlas is linked to TAIR, JBrowse, PPDB, SUBA, UniProtKB and Plant PTM Viewer.
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Xu K, Jourquin J, Xu X, De Smet I, Fernandez AI, Beeckman T. Dynamic GOLVEN-ROOT GROWTH FACTOR 1 INSENSITIVE signaling in the root cap mediates root gravitropism. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 192:256-273. [PMID: 36747317 PMCID: PMC10152645 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Throughout the exploration of the soil, roots interact with their environment and adapt to different conditions. Directional root growth is guided by asymmetric molecular patterns but how these become established or are dynamically regulated is poorly understood. Asymmetric gradients of the phytohormone auxin are established during root gravitropism, mainly through directional transport mediated by polarized auxin transporters. Upon gravistimulation, PIN-FORMED2 (PIN2) is differentially distributed and accumulates at the lower root side to facilitate asymmetric auxin transport up to the elongation zone where it inhibits cell elongation. GOLVEN (GLV) peptides function in gravitropism by affecting PIN2 abundance in epidermal cells. In addition, GLV signaling through ROOT GROWTH FACTOR 1 INSENSITIVE (RGI) receptors regulates root apical meristem maintenance. Here, we show that GLV-RGI signaling in these 2 processes in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) can be mapped to different cells in the root tip and that, in the case of gravitropism, it operates mainly in the lateral root cap (LRC) to maintain PIN2 levels at the plasma membrane (PM). Furthermore, we found that GLV signaling upregulates the phosphorylation level of PIN2 in an RGI-dependent manner. In addition, we demonstrated that the RGI5 receptor is asymmetrically distributed in the LRC and accumulates in the lower side of the LRC after gravistimulation. Asymmetric GLV-RGI signaling in the root cap likely accounts for differential PIN2 abundance at the PM to temporarily support auxin transport up to the elongation zone, thereby representing an additional level of control on the asymmetrical auxin flux to mediate differential growth of the root.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Xu
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB-UGent Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Joris Jourquin
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB-UGent Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Xiangyu Xu
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB-UGent Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ive De Smet
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB-UGent Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ana I Fernandez
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB-UGent Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tom Beeckman
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB-UGent Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
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Fu B, Xu Z, Lei Y, Dong R, Wang Y, Guo X, Zhu H, Cao Y, Yan Z. A novel secreted protein, NISP1, is phosphorylated by soybean Nodulation Receptor Kinase to promote nodule symbiosis. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 65:1297-1311. [PMID: 36534458 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Nodulation Receptor Kinase (NORK) functions as a co-receptor of Nod factor receptors to mediate rhizobial symbiosis in legumes, but its direct phosphorylation substrates that positively mediate root nodulation remain to be fully identified. Here, we identified a GmNORK-Interacting Small Protein (GmNISP1) that functions as a phosphorylation target of GmNORK to promote soybean nodulation. GmNORKα directly interacted with and phosphorylated GmNISP1. Transcription of GmNISP1 was strongly induced after rhizobial infection in soybean roots and nodules. GmNISP1 encodes a peptide containing 90 amino acids with a "DY" consensus motif at its N-terminus. GmNISP1 protein was detected to be present in the apoplastic space. Phosphorylation of GmNISP1 by GmNORKα could enhance its secretion into the apoplast. Pretreatment with either purified GmNISP1 or phosphorylation-mimic GmNISP112D on the roots could significantly increase nodule numbers compared with the treatment with phosphorylation-inactive GmNISP112A . The data suggested a model that soybean GmNORK phosphorylates GmNISP1 to promote its secretion into the apoplast, which might function as a potential peptide hormone to promote root nodulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baolan Fu
- State Key Lab of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zhipeng Xu
- State Key Lab of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yutao Lei
- State Key Lab of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Ru Dong
- State Key Lab of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yanan Wang
- State Key Lab of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xiaoli Guo
- State Key Lab of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Hui Zhu
- State Key Lab of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yangrong Cao
- State Key Lab of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zhe Yan
- National Key Facility for Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
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15
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Wang P, Wu T, Jiang C, Huang B, Li Z. Brt9SIDA/IDALs as peptide signals mediate diverse biological pathways in plants. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 330:111642. [PMID: 36804389 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2023.111642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
As signal molecules, plant peptides play key roles in intercellular communication during growth and development, as well as stress responses. The 14-amino-acid (aa) INFLORESCENCE DEFICIENT IN ABSCISSION (IDA) peptide was originally identified to play an essential role in the floral organ abscission of Arabidopsis. It is synthesized from its precursor, a small protein containing 77-aa residues with an N-terminal signal peptide sequence. Recently, the IDA/IDA-like (IDLs) genes are isolated in several angiosperms and are highly conserved in land plants. In addition, IDA/IDLs are not only involved in organ abscission but also function in multiple biological processes, including biotic and abiotic stress responses. Here, we summarize the post-translational modification and proteolytic processing, the evolutionary conservation, and the potential regulatory function of IDA/IDLs, and also present future perspectives to investigate the IDA/IDLs signaling pathway. We anticipate that this detailed knowledge will help to improve the understanding of the molecular mechanism of plant peptide signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China.
| | - Ting Wu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China.
| | - Chen Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China.
| | - Baowen Huang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China.
| | - Zhengguo Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China.
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16
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van de Sande JW, Albada B. Chemical Synthesis of Glycopeptides containing l-Arabinosylated Hydroxyproline and Sulfated Tyrosine. Org Lett 2023; 25:1907-1911. [PMID: 36917069 PMCID: PMC10043930 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c00411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
Post-translationally modified peptides are important regulating molecules for living organisms. Here, we report the stereoselective total synthesis of β-1,2-linked l-arabinosylated Fmoc-protected hydroxyproline building blocks and their incorporation, together with sulfated tyrosine and hydroxyproline, into the plant peptide hormone PSY1. Clean glycopeptides were obtained by performing acetyl removal from the l-arabinose groups prior to deprotection of the neopentyl-protected sulfated tyrosine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasper W van de Sande
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Bauke Albada
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
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17
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Ding S, Lv J, Hu Z, Wang J, Wang P, Yu J, Foyer CH, Shi K. Phytosulfokine peptide optimizes plant growth and defense via glutamine synthetase GS2 phosphorylation in tomato. EMBO J 2023; 42:e111858. [PMID: 36562188 PMCID: PMC10015362 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2022111858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytosulfokine (PSK) is a plant pentapeptide hormone that fulfills a wide range of functions. Although PSK has frequently been reported to function in the inverse regulation of growth and defense in response to (hemi)biotrophic pathogens, the mechanisms involved remain largely unknown. Using the tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pst) DC3000 pathogen system, we present compelling evidence that the PSK receptor PSKR1 interacts with the calcium-dependent protein kinase CPK28, which in turn phosphorylates the key enzyme of nitrogen assimilation glutamine synthetase GS2 at two sites (Serine-334 and Serine-360). GS2 phosphorylation at S334 specifically regulates plant defense, whereas S360 regulates growth, uncoupling the PSK-induced effects on defense responses and growth regulation. The discovery of these sites will inform breeding strategies designed to optimize the growth-defense balance in a compatible manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuting Ding
- Department of HorticultureZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Jianrong Lv
- Department of HorticultureZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Zhangjian Hu
- Department of HorticultureZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Jiao Wang
- Department of HorticultureZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of HorticultureZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Jingquan Yu
- Department of HorticultureZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Hainan Institute, Yazhou Bay Science and Technology CityZhejiang UniversitySanyaChina
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth and DevelopmentMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsHangzhouChina
| | - Christine H Foyer
- School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental SciencesUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK
| | - Kai Shi
- Department of HorticultureZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Hainan Institute, Yazhou Bay Science and Technology CityZhejiang UniversitySanyaChina
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth and DevelopmentMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsHangzhouChina
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18
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Coates RJ, Young MT, Scofield S. Optimising expression and extraction of recombinant proteins in plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1074531. [PMID: 36570881 PMCID: PMC9773421 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1074531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Recombinant proteins are of paramount importance for research, industrial and medical use. Numerous expression chassis are available for recombinant protein production, and while bacterial and mammalian cell cultures are the most widely used, recent developments have positioned transgenic plant chassis as viable and often preferential options. Plant chassis are easily maintained at low cost, are hugely scalable, and capable of producing large quantities of protein bearing complex post-translational modification. Several protein targets, including antibodies and vaccines against human disease, have been successfully produced in plants, highlighting the significant potential of plant chassis. The aim of this review is to act as a guide to producing recombinant protein in plants, discussing recent progress in the field and summarising the factors that must be considered when utilising plants as recombinant protein expression systems, with a focus on optimising recombinant protein expression at the genetic level, and the subsequent extraction and purification of target proteins, which can lead to substantial improvements in protein stability, yield and purity.
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19
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Sin WC, Lam HM, Ngai SM. Identification of Diverse Stress-Responsive Xylem Sap Peptides in Soybean. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158641. [PMID: 35955768 PMCID: PMC9369194 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence has revealed that plant secretory peptides are involved in the long-distance signaling pathways that help to regulate plant development and signal stress responses. In this study, we purified small peptides from soybean (Glycine max) xylem sap via o-chlorophenol extraction and conducted an in-depth peptidomic analysis using a mass spectrometry (MS) and bioinformatics approach. We successfully identified 14 post-translationally modified peptide groups belonging to the peptide families CEP (C-terminally encoded peptides), CLE (CLAVATA3/embryo surrounding region-related), PSY (plant peptides containing tyrosine sulfation), and XAP (xylem sap-associated peptides). Quantitative PCR (qPCR) analysis showed unique tissue expression patterns among the peptide-encoding genes. Further qPCR analysis of some of the peptide-encoding genes showed differential stress-response profiles toward various abiotic stress factors. Targeted MS-based quantification of the nitrogen deficiency-responsive peptides, GmXAP6a and GmCEP-XSP1, demonstrated upregulation of peptide translocation in xylem sap under nitrogen-deficiency stress. Quantitative proteomic analysis of GmCEP-XSP1 overexpression in hairy soybean roots revealed that GmCEP-XSP1 significantly impacts stress response-related proteins. This study provides new insights that root-to-shoot peptide signaling plays important roles in regulating plant stress-response mechanisms.
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20
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Rzemieniewski J, Stegmann M. Regulation of pattern-triggered immunity and growth by phytocytokines. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 68:102230. [PMID: 35588597 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2022.102230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Endogenous signalling peptides play diverse roles during plant growth, development and stress responses. Research in recent years has unravelled peptides with previously known growth-regulatory function as immune-modulatory agents that fine-tune pattern-triggered immunity (PTI). Moreover, peptides that are long known as endogenous danger signals were recently implicated in growth and development. In analogy to metazoan systems these peptides are referred to as phytocytokines. In this review we will highlight recent progress made on our understanding of phytocytokines simultaneously regulating growth and PTI which shows the complex interplay of peptide signalling pathways regulating multiple aspects of a plant's life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Rzemieniewski
- Phytopathology, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Martin Stegmann
- Phytopathology, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany.
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21
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Stewart V, Ronald PC. Sulfotyrosine residues: interaction specificity determinants for extracellular protein-protein interactions. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102232. [PMID: 35798140 PMCID: PMC9372746 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Tyrosine sulfation, a post-translational modification, can determine and often enhance protein–protein interaction specificity. Sulfotyrosyl residues (sTyrs) are formed by the enzyme tyrosyl-protein sulfotransferase during protein maturation in the Golgi apparatus and most often occur singly or as a cluster within a six-residue span. With both negative charge and aromatic character, sTyr facilitates numerous atomic contacts as visualized in binding interface structural models, thus there is no discernible binding site consensus. Found exclusively in secreted proteins, in this review, we discuss the four broad sequence contexts in which sTyr has been observed: first, a solitary sTyr has been shown to be critical for diverse high-affinity interactions, such as between peptide hormones and their receptors, in both plants and animals. Second, sTyr clusters within structurally flexible anionic segments are essential for a variety of cellular processes, including coreceptor binding to the HIV-1 envelope spike protein during virus entry, chemokine interactions with receptors, and leukocyte rolling cell adhesion. Third, a subcategory of sTyr clusters is found in conserved acidic sequences termed hirudin-like motifs that enable proteins to interact with thrombin; consequently, many proven and potential therapeutic proteins derived from blood-consuming invertebrates depend on sTyrs for their activity. Finally, several proteins that interact with collagen or similar proteins contain one or more sTyrs within an acidic residue array. Refined methods to direct sTyr incorporation in peptides synthesized both in vitro and in vivo, together with continued advances in mass spectrometry and affinity detection, promise to accelerate discoveries of sTyr occurrence and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valley Stewart
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Davis, USA.
| | - Pamela C Ronald
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, USA; Genome Center, University of California, Davis, USA.
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22
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Oburger E, Schmidt H, Staudinger C. Harnessing belowground processes for sustainable intensification of agricultural systems. PLANT AND SOIL 2022; 478:177-209. [PMID: 36277079 PMCID: PMC9579094 DOI: 10.1007/s11104-022-05508-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Increasing food demand coupled with climate change pose a great challenge to agricultural systems. In this review we summarize recent advances in our knowledge of how plants, together with their associated microbiota, shape rhizosphere processes. We address (molecular) mechanisms operating at the plant-microbe-soil interface and aim to link this knowledge with actual and potential avenues for intensifying agricultural systems, while at the same time reducing irrigation water, fertilizer inputs and pesticide use. Combining in-depth knowledge about above and belowground plant traits will not only significantly advance our mechanistic understanding of involved processes but also allow for more informed decisions regarding agricultural practices and plant breeding. Including belowground plant-soil-microbe interactions in our breeding efforts will help to select crops resilient to abiotic and biotic environmental stresses and ultimately enable us to produce sufficient food in a more sustainable agriculture in the upcoming decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Oburger
- Department of Forest and Soil Science, Institute of Soil Research, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Konrad Lorenzstrasse 24, 3430 Tulln an der Donau, Austria
| | - Hannes Schmidt
- Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, University of Vienna, Djerassiplatz 1, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christiana Staudinger
- Department of Forest and Soil Science, Institute of Soil Research, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Konrad Lorenzstrasse 24, 3430 Tulln an der Donau, Austria
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Kagamiyama 1-7-1, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
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23
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Exogenous phytosulfokine α (PSKα) alleviates chilling injury of banana by modulating metabolisms of nitric oxide, polyamine, proline, and γ-aminobutyric acid. Food Chem 2022; 380:132179. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.132179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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24
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Stegmann M, Zecua-Ramirez P, Ludwig C, Lee HS, Peterson B, Nimchuk ZL, Belkhadir Y, Hückelhoven R. RGI-GOLVEN signaling promotes cell surface immune receptor abundance to regulate plant immunity. EMBO Rep 2022; 23:e53281. [PMID: 35229426 PMCID: PMC9066070 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202153281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant immune responses must be tightly controlled for proper allocation of resources for growth and development. In plants, endogenous signaling peptides regulate developmental and growth‐related processes. Recent research indicates that some of these peptides also have regulatory functions in the control of plant immune responses. This classifies these peptides as phytocytokines as they show analogies with metazoan cytokines. However, the mechanistic basis for phytocytokine‐mediated regulation of plant immunity remains largely elusive. Here, we identify GOLVEN2 (GLV2) peptides as phytocytokines in Arabidopsis thaliana. GLV2 signaling enhances sensitivity of plants to elicitation with immunogenic bacterial elicitors and contributes to resistance against virulent bacterial pathogens. GLV2 is perceived by ROOT MERISTEM GROWTH FACTOR 1 INSENSITIVE (RGI) receptors. RGI mutants show reduced elicitor sensitivity and enhanced susceptibility to bacterial infection. RGI3 forms ligand‐induced complexes with the pattern recognition receptor (PRR) FLAGELLIN SENSITIVE 2 (FLS2), suggesting that RGIs are part of PRR signaling platforms. GLV2‐RGI signaling promotes PRR abundance independent of transcriptional regulation and controls plant immunity via a previously undescribed mechanism of phytocytokine activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Stegmann
- Phytopathology, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Patricia Zecua-Ramirez
- Phytopathology, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Christina Ludwig
- Bavarian Center for Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry (BayBioMS), Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Ho-Seok Lee
- Gregor Mendel Institute (GMI), Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria
| | - Brenda Peterson
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Zachary L Nimchuk
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Youssef Belkhadir
- Gregor Mendel Institute (GMI), Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria
| | - Ralph Hückelhoven
- Phytopathology, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
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25
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Stegmann M, Zecua-Ramirez P, Ludwig C, Lee HS, Peterson B, Nimchuk ZL, Belkhadir Y, Hückelhoven R. RGI-GOLVEN signaling promotes cell surface immune receptor abundance to regulate plant immunity. EMBO Rep 2022; 23:e53281. [PMID: 35229426 DOI: 10.1101/2021.01.29.428839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant immune responses must be tightly controlled for proper allocation of resources for growth and development. In plants, endogenous signaling peptides regulate developmental and growth-related processes. Recent research indicates that some of these peptides also have regulatory functions in the control of plant immune responses. This classifies these peptides as phytocytokines as they show analogies with metazoan cytokines. However, the mechanistic basis for phytocytokine-mediated regulation of plant immunity remains largely elusive. Here, we identify GOLVEN2 (GLV2) peptides as phytocytokines in Arabidopsis thaliana. GLV2 signaling enhances sensitivity of plants to elicitation with immunogenic bacterial elicitors and contributes to resistance against virulent bacterial pathogens. GLV2 is perceived by ROOT MERISTEM GROWTH FACTOR 1 INSENSITIVE (RGI) receptors. RGI mutants show reduced elicitor sensitivity and enhanced susceptibility to bacterial infection. RGI3 forms ligand-induced complexes with the pattern recognition receptor (PRR) FLAGELLIN SENSITIVE 2 (FLS2), suggesting that RGIs are part of PRR signaling platforms. GLV2-RGI signaling promotes PRR abundance independent of transcriptional regulation and controls plant immunity via a previously undescribed mechanism of phytocytokine activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Stegmann
- Phytopathology, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Patricia Zecua-Ramirez
- Phytopathology, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Christina Ludwig
- Bavarian Center for Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry (BayBioMS), Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Ho-Seok Lee
- Gregor Mendel Institute (GMI), Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria
| | - Brenda Peterson
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Zachary L Nimchuk
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Youssef Belkhadir
- Gregor Mendel Institute (GMI), Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria
| | - Ralph Hückelhoven
- Phytopathology, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
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26
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Plant immunity: Rice XA21-mediated resistance to bacterial infection. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:2121568119. [PMID: 35131901 PMCID: PMC8872720 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2121568119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms plants employ to resist infection were unknown until just a few decades ago. We now understand that plants utilize diverse classes of immune receptors to recognize and respond to pathogenic microbes and pests. This paper describes the development of the plant immunity field, from early studies on the genetics of disease resistance to our increasing knowledge of how plant receptors interact with their microbial ligands, with an emphasis on the rice immune receptor XA21 and its bacterial ligand. In this article, we describe the development of the plant immunity field, starting with efforts to understand the genetic basis for disease resistance, which ∼30 y ago led to the discovery of diverse classes of immune receptors that recognize and respond to infectious microbes. We focus on knowledge gained from studies of the rice XA21 immune receptor that recognizes RaxX (required for activation of XA21 mediated immunity X), a sulfated microbial peptide secreted by the gram-negative bacterium Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. XA21 is representative of a large class of plant and animal immune receptors that recognize and respond to conserved microbial molecules. We highlight the complexity of this large class of receptors in plants, discuss a possible role for RaxX in Xanthomonas biology, and draw attention to the important role of sulfotyrosine in mediating receptor–ligand interactions.
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27
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Aghdam MS, Ebrahimi A, Sheikh-Assadi M. Phytosulfokine α (PSKα) delays senescence and reinforces SUMO1/SUMO E3 ligase SIZ1 signaling pathway in cut rose flowers (Rosa hybrida cv. Angelina). Sci Rep 2021; 11:23227. [PMID: 34853400 PMCID: PMC8636500 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-02712-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Roses are widely used as cut flowers worldwide. Petal senescence confines the decorative quality of cut rose flowers, an impressively considerable economic loss. Herein, we investigated the SUMO1/SUMO E3 ligase SIZ1 signaling pathway during bud opening, and petal senescence of cut rose flowers. Our results exhibited that the higher expression of SUMO1 and SUMO E3 ligase SIZ1 during bud opening was accompanied by lower endogenous H2O2 accumulation arising from higher expression and activities of SOD, CAT, APX, and GR, promoting proline accumulation by increasing P5CS expression and activity and enhancing GABA accumulation by increasing GAD expression and activity. In harvested flowers, lower expressions of SUMO1 and SUMO E3 ligase SIZ1 during petal senescence were associated with higher endogenous H2O2 accumulation due to lower expression and activities of SOD, CAT, APX, and GR. Therefore, promoting the activity of the GABA shunt pathway as realized by higher expression and activities of GABA-T and SSADH accompanied by increasing OAT expression and activity for sufficiently supply proline in rose flowers during petal senescence might serve as an endogenous antisenescence mechanism for slowing down petals senescence by avoiding endogenous H2O2 accumulation. Following phytosulfokine α (PSKα) application, postponing petal senescence in cut rose flowers could be ascribed to higher expression of SUMO1 and SUMO E3 ligase SIZ1 accompanied by higher expression and activities of SOD, CAT, APX, and GR, higher activity of GABA shunt pathway as realized by higher expression and activities of GAD, GABA-T, and SSADH, higher expression and activities of P5CS and OAT for supplying proline and higher expression of HSP70 and HSP90. Therefore, our results highlight the potential of the PSKα as a promising antisenescence signaling peptide in the floriculture industry for postponing senescence and extending the vase life of cut rose flowers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morteza Soleimani Aghdam
- Department of Horticultural Science, Imam Khomeini International University, 34148-96818, Qazvin, Iran.
| | - Amin Ebrahimi
- Department of Agriculture and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrood University of Technology, Semnan, Iran
| | - Morteza Sheikh-Assadi
- Department of Horticultural Science, University College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
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28
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Song XF, Hou XL, Liu CM. CLE peptides: critical regulators for stem cell maintenance in plants. PLANTA 2021; 255:5. [PMID: 34841457 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-021-03791-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Plant CLE peptides, which regulate stem cell maintenance in shoot and root meristems and in vascular bundles through LRR family receptor kinases, are novel, complex, and to some extent conserved. Over the past two decades, peptide ligands of the CLAVATA3 (CLV3) /Embryo Surrounding Region (CLE) family have been recognized as critical short- and long-distance communication signals in plants, especially for stem cell homeostasis, cell fate determination and physiological responses. Stem cells located at the shoot apical meristem (SAM), the root apical meristem (RAM) and the procambium divide and differentiate into specialized cells that form a variety of tissues such as epidermis, ground tissues, xylem and phloem. In the SAM of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), the CLV3 peptide restricts the number of stem cells via leucine-rich repeat (LRR)-type receptor kinases. In the RAM, root-active CLE peptides are critical negative regulators, while ROOT GROWTH FACTOR (RGF) peptides are positive regulators in stem cell maintenance. Among those root-active CLE peptides, CLE25 promotes, while CLE45 inhibits phloem differentiation. In vascular bundles, TRACHEARY ELEMENT DIFFERENTIATION INHIBITORY FACTOR (TDIF)/CLE41/CLE44 promotes procambium cell division, and prevents xylem differentiation. Orthologs of CLV3 have been identified in liverwort (Marchantia polymorpha), tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), rice (Oryza sativa), maize (Zea mays) and lotus (Lotus japonicas), suggesting that CLV3 is an evolutionarily conserved signal in stem cell maintenance. However, functional characterization of endogenous CLE peptides and corresponding receptor kinases, and the downstream signal transduction has been challenging due to their genome-wide redundancies and rapid evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Fen Song
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiu-Li Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Chun-Ming Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
- School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
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29
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De Giorgi J, Fuchs C, Iwasaki M, Kim W, Piskurewicz U, Gully K, Utz-Pugin A, Mène-Saffrané L, Waridel P, Nawrath C, Longoni FP, Fujita S, Loubéry S, Lopez-Molina L. The Arabidopsis mature endosperm promotes seedling cuticle formation via release of sulfated peptides. Dev Cell 2021; 56:3066-3081.e5. [PMID: 34706263 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2021.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In Arabidopsis mature seeds, the onset of the embryo-to-seedling transition is nonautonomously controlled, being blocked by endospermic abscisic acid (ABA) release under unfavorable conditions. Whether the mature endosperm governs additional nonautonomous developmental processes during this transition is unknown. Mature embryos have a more permeable cuticle than seedlings, consistent with their endospermic ABA uptake capability. Seedlings acquire their well-sealing cuticles adapted to aerial lifestyle during germination. Endosperm removal prevents seedling cuticle formation, and seed reconstitution by endosperm grafting onto embryos shows that the endosperm promotes seedling cuticle development. Grafting different endosperm and embryo mutant combinations, together with biochemical, microscopy, and mass spectrometry approaches, reveal that the release of tyrosylprotein sulfotransferase (TPST)-sulfated CIF2 and PSY1 peptides from the endosperm promotes seedling cuticle development. Endosperm-deprived embryos produced nonviable seedlings bearing numerous developmental defects, not related to embryo malnutrition, all restored by exogenously provided endosperm. Hence, seedling establishment is nonautonomous, requiring the mature endosperm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien De Giorgi
- Department of Botany and Plant Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Christelle Fuchs
- Department of Botany and Plant Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Mayumi Iwasaki
- Department of Botany and Plant Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Woohyun Kim
- Department of Botany and Plant Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Urszula Piskurewicz
- Department of Botany and Plant Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Kay Gully
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Anne Utz-Pugin
- Department of Botany and Plant Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Patrice Waridel
- Protein Analysis Facility, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Christiane Nawrath
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Fiamma Paolo Longoni
- Department of Botany and Plant Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Satoshi Fujita
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sylvain Loubéry
- Department of Botany and Plant Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Luis Lopez-Molina
- Department of Botany and Plant Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Institute of Genetics and Genomics in Geneva (iGE3), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
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30
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Rebuffat S. Ribosomally synthesized peptides, foreground players in microbial interactions: recent developments and unanswered questions. Nat Prod Rep 2021; 39:273-310. [PMID: 34755755 DOI: 10.1039/d1np00052g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
It is currently well established that multicellular organisms live in tight association with complex communities of microorganisms including a large number of bacteria. These are immersed in complex interaction networks reflecting the relationships established between them and with host organisms; yet, little is known about the molecules and mechanisms involved in these mutual interactions. Ribosomally synthesized peptides, among which bacterial antimicrobial peptides called bacteriocins and microcins have been identified as contributing to host-microbe interplays, are either unmodified or post-translationally modified peptides. This review will unveil current knowledge on these ribosomal peptide-based natural products, their interplay with the host immune system, and their roles in microbial interactions and symbioses. It will include their major structural characteristics and post-translational modifications, the main rules of their maturation pathways, and the principal ecological functions they ensure (communication, signalization, competition), especially in symbiosis, taking select examples in various organisms. Finally, we address unanswered questions and provide a framework for deciphering big issues inspiring future directions in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Rebuffat
- Laboratory Molecules of Communication and Adaptation of Microorganisms (MCAM, UMR 7245 CNRS-MNHN), National Museum of Natural History (MNHN), National Centre of Scientific Research (CNRS), CP 54, 57 rue Cuvier 75005, Paris, France.
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31
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Furumizu C, Sawa S. Insight into early diversification of leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinases provided by the sequenced moss and hornwort genomes. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 107:337-353. [PMID: 33389562 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-020-01100-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Identification of the subfamily X leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinases in the recently sequenced moss and hornwort genomes points to their diversification into distinct groups during early evolution of land plants. Signal transduction mediated through receptor-ligand interactions plays key roles in controlling developmental and physiological processes of multicellular organisms, and plants employ diverse receptors in signaling. Leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinases (LRR-RLKs) represent one of the largest receptor classes in plants and are structurally classified into subfamilies. LRR-RLKs of the subfamily X are unique in the variety of their signaling roles; they include receptors for steroid or peptide hormones as well as negative regulators of signaling through binding to other LRR-RLKs, raising a question as to how they diversified. However, our understanding of diversification processes of LRR-RLKs has been hindered by the paucity of genomic data in non-seed plants and limited taxa sampling in previous phylogenetic analyses. Here we analyzed the phylogeny of LRR-RLK X sequences collected from all major land plant lineages and show that this subfamily diversified into six major clades before the divergence between bryophytes and vascular plants. Notably, we have identified homologues of the brassinosteroid receptor, BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE 1 (BRI1), in the genomes of Sphagnum mosses, hornworts, and ferns, contrary to earlier reports that postulate the origin of BRI1-like LRR-RLKs in the seed plant lineage. The phylogenetic distribution of major clades illustrates that the current receptor repertoire was shaped through lineage-specific gene family expansion and independent gene losses, highlighting dynamic changes in the evolution of LRR-RLKs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chihiro Furumizu
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan.
| | - Shinichiro Sawa
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan
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32
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Fujita S. CASPARIAN STRIP INTEGRITY FACTOR (CIF) family peptides - regulator of plant extracellular barriers. Peptides 2021; 143:170599. [PMID: 34174383 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2021.170599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
In multicellular organisms, water and most of the small molecules, such as nutrients, toxic substances, and signaling compounds, move freely through extracellular spaces, depending on their biochemical nature. To restrict the simple diffusion of small molecules, multicellular organisms have evolved extracellular barriers across specific tissue layers, such as tight junctions in the animal epithelium. Similar extracellular barriers are also generated in plants through the accumulation of hydrophobic chemicals, such as lignin or cutin, although the detailed molecular mechanisms underlying this process remain elusive. Here, I summarize recent advances in extracellular barrier formation in plants by focusing mainly on CASPARIAN STRIP INTEGRITY FACTOR (CIF) family peptides, which trigger the spatially precise deposition of designated cell wall components, enabling plants to establish transcellular barrier networks correctly. The genome of Arabidopsis thaliana, a model plant species, harbors five CIF genes, which encode propeptides which are processed into small secreted peptides of 21-24 amino acids. Sulfation of tyrosine residues in CIF peptides ensures their full bioactivity and high-affinity binding to their receptors SCHENGEN3/GASSHO1 (SGN3/GSO1) and GSO2 in vitro. Additionally, in vivo analysis shows that physical restriction of CIF peptide diffusion and the subcellular localization of a signaling module and expression patterns of a peptide processing enzyme specify the location of signal activation. Thus, the CIF peptide family provides fascinating models for understanding mature peptide biogenesis and spatially limited signal activation with small diffusive molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Fujita
- National Institute of Genetics, 1111 Yata, Mishima, Shizuoka, 411-8540, Japan.
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33
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Lawrie J, Waldrop S, Morozov A, Niu W, Guo J. Engineering of a Small Protein Scaffold To Recognize Sulfotyrosine with High Specificity. ACS Chem Biol 2021; 16:1508-1517. [PMID: 34251168 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.1c00382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Protein tyrosine O-sulfation is an essential post-translational modification required for effective biological processes such as hemostasis, inflammatory response, and visual phototransduction. Because of its unstable nature under mass spectrometry conditions and residing on low-abundance cell surface proteins, sulfated tyrosine (sulfotyrosine) residues are difficult to detect or analyze. Enrichment of sulfotyrosine-containing proteins (sulfoproteins) from complex biological samples are typically required before analysis. In this work, we seek to engineer the phosphotyrosine binding pocket of a Src Homology 2 (SH2) domain to act as an antisulfotyrosine antibody mimic. Using tailored selection schemes, several SH2 mutants are identified with high affinity and specificity to sulfotyrosine. Further molecular docking simulations highlight potential mechanisms supporting observed characteristics of these SH2 mutants. Utilities of the evolved SH2 mutants were demonstrated by the detection and enrichment of sulfoproteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Lawrie
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska−Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Sean Waldrop
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska−Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Anya Morozov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska−Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Wei Niu
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Nebraska−Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
- The Nebraska Center for Integrated Biomolecular Communication (NCIBC), University of Nebraska−Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Jiantao Guo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska−Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
- The Nebraska Center for Integrated Biomolecular Communication (NCIBC), University of Nebraska−Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
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Kaufmann C, Stührwohldt N, Sauter M. Tyrosylprotein sulfotransferase-dependent and -independent regulation of root development and signaling by PSK LRR receptor kinases in Arabidopsis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:5508-5521. [PMID: 34028532 PMCID: PMC8318253 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Tyrosine-sulfated peptides are key regulators of plant growth and development. The disulfated pentapeptide phytosulfokine (PSK) mediates growth via leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinases, PSKR1 and PSKR2. PSK receptors (PSKRs) are part of a response module at the plasma membrane that mediates short-term growth responses, but downstream signaling of transcriptional regulation remains unexplored. In Arabidopsis, tyrosine sulfation is catalyzed by a single-copy gene (TPST; encoding tyrosylprotein sulfotransferase). We performed a microarray-based transcriptome analysis in the tpst-1 mutant background that lacks sulfated peptides to identify PSK-regulated genes and genes that are regulated by other sulfated peptides. Of the 169 PSK-regulated genes, several had functions in root growth and development, in agreement with shorter roots and a higher lateral root density in tpst-1. Further, tpst-1 roots developed higher numbers of root hairs, and PSK induced expression of WEREWOLF (WER), its paralog MYB DOMAIN PROTEIN 23 (MYB23), and At1g66800 that maintain non-hair cell fate. The tpst-1 pskr1-3 pskr2-1 mutant showed even shorter roots, and higher lateral root and root hair density than tpst-1, revealing unexpected synergistic effects of ligand and PSKR deficiencies. While residual activities may exist, overexpression of PSKR1 in the tpst-1 background induced root growth, suggesting that PSKR1 may be active in the absence of sulfated ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Kaufmann
- Plant Developmental Biology and Physiology, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Nils Stührwohldt
- Plant Developmental Biology and Physiology, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Margret Sauter
- Plant Developmental Biology and Physiology, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
- Correspondence:
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Kim JS, Jeon BW, Kim J. Signaling Peptides Regulating Abiotic Stress Responses in Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:704490. [PMID: 34349774 PMCID: PMC8326967 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.704490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
As sessile organisms, plants are exposed to constantly changing environments that are often stressful for their growth and development. To cope with these stresses, plants have evolved complex and sophisticated stress-responsive signaling pathways regulating the expression of transcription factors and biosynthesis of osmolytes that confer tolerance to plants. Signaling peptides acting like phytohormones control various aspects of plant growth and development via cell-cell communication networks. These peptides are typically recognized by membrane-embedded receptor-like kinases, inducing activation of cellular signaling to control plant growth and development. Recent studies have revealed that several signaling peptides play important roles in plant responses to abiotic stress. In this mini review, we provide recent findings on the roles and signaling pathways of peptides that are involved in coordinating plant responses to abiotic stresses, such as dehydration, high salinity, reactive oxygen species, and heat. We also discuss recent developments in signaling peptides that play a role in plant adaptation responses to nutrient deficiency stress, focusing on nitrogen and phosphate deficiency responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Sun Kim
- Department of Bioenergy Science and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
- Department of Integrative Food, Bioscience and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Byeong Wook Jeon
- Kumho Life Science Laboratory, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Jungmook Kim
- Department of Bioenergy Science and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
- Department of Integrative Food, Bioscience and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
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Furumizu C, Krabberød AK, Hammerstad M, Alling RM, Wildhagen M, Sawa S, Aalen RB. The sequenced genomes of non-flowering land plants reveal the innovative evolutionary history of peptide signaling. THE PLANT CELL 2021; 33:2915-2934. [PMID: 34240188 PMCID: PMC8462819 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koab173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
An understanding of land plant evolution is a prerequisite for in-depth knowledge of plant biology. Here we extract and explore information hidden in the increasing number of sequenced plant genomes, from bryophytes to angiosperms, to elucidate a specific biological question - how peptide signaling evolved. To conquer land and cope with changing environmental conditions, plants have gone through transformations that must have required innovations in cell-to-cell communication. We discuss peptides mediating endogenous and exogenous changes by interaction with receptors activating intracellular molecular signaling. Signaling peptides were discovered in angiosperms and operate in tissues and organs such as flowers, seeds, vasculature, and 3D meristems that are not universally conserved across land plants. Nevertheless, orthologs of angiosperm peptides and receptors have been identified in non-angiosperms. These discoveries provoke questions regarding co-evolution of ligands and their receptors, and whether de novo interactions in peptide signaling pathways may have contributed to generate novel traits in land plants. The answers to such questions will have profound implications for the understanding of the evolution of cell-to-cell communication and the wealth of diversified terrestrial plants. Under this perspective we have generated, analyzed, and reviewed phylogenetic, genomic, structural, and functional data to elucidate the evolution of peptide signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chihiro Furumizu
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Anders K Krabberød
- Section for Evolutionary Biology and Genetics, Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Marta Hammerstad
- Section for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Renate M Alling
- Section for Evolutionary Biology and Genetics, Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Mari Wildhagen
- Section for Evolutionary Biology and Genetics, Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Shinichiro Sawa
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Reidunn B Aalen
- Section for Evolutionary Biology and Genetics, Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Norway
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Nobusawa T, Kamei M, Ueda H, Matsushima N, Yamatani H, Kusaba M. Highly pleiotropic functions of CYP78As and AMP1 are regulated in non-cell-autonomous/organ-specific manners. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 186:767-781. [PMID: 33620479 PMCID: PMC8154090 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The cytochrome P450 CYP78A5/KLUH in Arabidopsis thaliana is predicted to be involved in the synthesis of a mobile signal molecule that has a pleiotropic function that is distinct from classical phytohormones. CYP78A5 has five close relatives in Arabidopsis. We first investigated their functions, focusing on the plastochron, leaf size, and leaf senescence. Our analyses revealed that CYP78A5 and CYP78A7 are involved in the plastochron and leaf size, and CYP78A6 and CYP78A9 are involved in leaf senescence. Complementation analyses using heterologous promoters and expression analyses suggested that CYP78A isoforms have a common biochemical function and are functionally differentiated via organ-specific expression. The altered meristem program1 (amp1) carboxypeptidase mutant shows a phenotype very similar to that of the cyp78a5 mutant. Complementation analyses using boundary and organizing center-specific promoters suggested that both CYP78A5 and AMP1 act in a non-cell-autonomous manner. Analyses of multiple cyp78a mutants and crosses between cyp78a and amp1 mutants revealed that AMP1/LIKE AMP1 (LAMP1) and CYP78A isoforms regulate plastochron length and leaf senescence in the same genetic pathway, whereas leaf size is independently regulated. Furthermore, we detected feedback regulation between CYP78A6/CYP78A9 and AMP1 at the gene expression level. These observations raise the possibility that AMP1 and CYP78A isoforms are involved in the synthesis of the same mobile signal molecule, and suggest that AMP1 and CYP78A signaling pathways have a very close, albeit complex, functional relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Nobusawa
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-4-3, Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Misaki Kamei
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-4-3, Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Ueda
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-4-3, Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
- Present address: Fruit Tree Research Center, Ehime Research Institute of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Shimoidai 1618, Matsuyama 791-0112, Japan
| | - Naoya Matsushima
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-4-3, Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yamatani
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-4-3, Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
- Institute of Crop Science NARO, 2-1-2 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8518, Japan
| | - Makoto Kusaba
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-4-3, Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
- Author for communication:
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Stührwohldt N, Bühler E, Sauter M, Schaller A. Phytosulfokine (PSK) precursor processing by subtilase SBT3.8 and PSK signaling improve drought stress tolerance in Arabidopsis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:3427-3440. [PMID: 33471900 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Increasing drought stress poses a severe threat to agricultural productivity. Plants, however, have evolved numerous mechanisms to cope with such environmental stress. Here we report that the stress-induced production of a peptide signal contributes to stress tolerance. The expression of phytosulfokine (PSK) peptide precursor genes, and transcripts of three subtilisin-like serine proteases, SBT1.4, SBT3.7, and SBT3.8, were found to be up-regulated in response to osmotic stress. Stress symptoms were more pronounced in sbt3.8 loss-of-function mutants and could be alleviated by PSK treatment. Osmotic stress tolerance was improved in plants overexpressing the PSK1 precursor (proPSK1) or SBT3.8, resulting in higher fresh weight and improved lateral root development in transgenic plants compared with wild-type plants. We further showed that SBT3.8 is involved in the biogenesis of the bioactive PSK peptide. ProPSK1 was cleaved by SBT3.8 at the C-terminus of the PSK pentapeptide. Processing by SBT3.8 depended on the aspartic acid residue directly following the cleavage site. ProPSK1 processing was impaired in the sbt3.8 mutant. The data suggest that increased expression of proPSK1 in response to osmotic stress followed by the post-translational processing of proPSK1 by SBT3.8 leads to the production of PSK as a peptide signal for stress mitigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Stührwohldt
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Institute of Biology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Eric Bühler
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Institute of Biology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Margret Sauter
- Plant Developmental Biology and Physiology, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Andreas Schaller
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Institute of Biology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
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Jeon BW, Kim MJ, Pandey SK, Oh E, Seo PJ, Kim J. Recent advances in peptide signaling during Arabidopsis root development. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:2889-2902. [PMID: 33595615 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Roots provide the plant with water and nutrients and anchor it in a substrate. Root development is controlled by plant hormones and various sets of transcription factors. Recently, various small peptides and their cognate receptors have been identified as controlling root development. Small peptides bind to membrane-localized receptor-like kinases, inducing their dimerization with co-receptor proteins for signaling activation and giving rise to cellular signaling outputs. Small peptides function as local and long-distance signaling molecules involved in cell-to-cell communication networks, coordinating root development. In this review, we survey recent advances in the peptide ligand-mediated signaling pathways involved in the control of root development in Arabidopsis. We describe the interconnection between peptide signaling and conventional phytohormone signaling. Additionally, we discuss the diversity of identified peptide-receptor interactions during plant root development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byeong Wook Jeon
- Kumho Life Science Laboratory, Chonnam National University, Buk-Gu, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Min-Jung Kim
- Department of Bioenergy Science and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
- Department of Integrative Food, Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Shashank K Pandey
- Department of Bioenergy Science and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Eunkyoo Oh
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Pil Joon Seo
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Jungmook Kim
- Kumho Life Science Laboratory, Chonnam National University, Buk-Gu, Gwangju 61186, Korea
- Department of Bioenergy Science and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
- Department of Integrative Food, Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
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40
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Mutuku JM, Cui S, Yoshida S, Shirasu K. Orobanchaceae parasite-host interactions. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 230:46-59. [PMID: 33202061 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Parasitic plants in the family Orobanchaceae, such as Striga, Orobanche and Phelipanche, often cause significant damage to agricultural crops. The Orobanchaceae family comprises more than 2000 species in about 100 genera, providing an excellent system for studying the molecular basis of parasitism and its evolution. Notably, the establishment of model Orobanchaceae parasites, such as Triphysaria versicolor and Phtheirospermum japonicum, that can infect the model host Arabidopsis, has greatly facilitated transgenic analyses of genes important for parasitism. In addition, recent genomic and transcriptomic analyses of several Orobanchaceae parasites have revealed fascinating molecular insights into the evolution of parasitism and strategies for adaptation in this family. This review highlights recent progress in understanding how Orobanchaceae parasites attack their hosts and how the hosts mount a defense against the threats.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Musembi Mutuku
- The Central and West African Virus Epidemiology (WAVE). Pôle Scientifique et d'Innovation de Bingerville, Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny, BP V34, Abidjan, 01, Côte d'Ivoire
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EA, UK
| | - Songkui Cui
- Institute for Research Initiatives, Division for Research Strategy, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara, 630-0192, Japan
- Division of Biological Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara, 630-0192, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Satoko Yoshida
- Institute for Research Initiatives, Division for Research Strategy, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara, 630-0192, Japan
- Division of Biological Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara, 630-0192, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Ken Shirasu
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
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41
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Aghdam MS, Alikhani-Koupaei M, Khademian R. Delaying Broccoli Floret Yellowing by Phytosulfokine α Application During Cold Storage. Front Nutr 2021; 8:609217. [PMID: 33869261 PMCID: PMC8047079 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.609217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
During postharvest life, broccoli suffers from floret yellowing confining its economic and nutritional value. The objective of the present study was to explore the mechanisms employed by phytosulfokine α (PSKα) at 150 nM for delaying floret yellowing in broccoli during storage at 4°C for 28 days. Our results showed that the higher endogenous accumulation of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) resulting from the higher gene expression and activities of l-cysteine desulfhydrase (LCD) and d-cysteine desulfhydrase (DCD) in broccoli floret treated with 150 nM PSKα may serve as an endogenous signaling molecule for delaying senescence. Moreover, the suppressed ethylene biosynthesis in broccoli floret treated with 150 nM PSKα might be ascribed to lower gene expression and activities of ACC synthase (ACS) and ACC oxidase (ACO). Furthermore, lower gene expression and activities of Mg2+ dechelatase (MDC), pheophytinase (PPH), and pheophorbide a oxygenase (PaO) might be the reasons for the higher accumulation of chlorophyll in broccoli floret treated with 150 nM PSKα. Based on our findings, exogenous PSKα application could be employed as signaling bioactive hormone for retarding floret yellowing of broccoli during storage at 4°C for 28 days.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Majid Alikhani-Koupaei
- Department of Production Engineering and Plant Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Higher Education Complex of Saravan, Saravan, Iran
| | - Raheleh Khademian
- Department of Genetic and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran
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de Souza JV, Kondal M, Zaborniak P, Cairns R, Bronowska AK. Controlling the Heterodimerisation of the Phytosulfokine Receptor 1 (PSKR1) via Island Loop Modulation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:1806. [PMID: 33670396 PMCID: PMC7918699 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Phytosulfokine (PSK) is a phytohormone responsible for cell-to-cell communication in plants, playing a pivotal role in plant development and growth. The binding of PSK to its cognate receptor, PSKR1, is modulated by the formation of a binding site located between a leucine-rich repeat (LRR) domain of PSKR1 and the loop located in the receptor's island domain (ID). The atomic resolution structure of the extracellular PSKR1 bound to PSK has been reported, however, the intrinsic dynamics of PSK binding and the architecture of the PSKR1 binding site remain to be understood. In this work, we used atomistic molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and free energy calculations to elucidate how the PSKR1 island domain (ID) loop forms and binds PSK. Moreover, we report a novel "druggable" binding site which could be exploited for the targeted modulation of the PSKR1-PSK binding by small molecules. We expect that our results will open new ways to modulate the PSK signalling cascade via small molecules, which can result in new crop control and agricultural applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- João V. de Souza
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK; (M.K.); (P.Z.)
| | - Matthew Kondal
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK; (M.K.); (P.Z.)
| | - Piotr Zaborniak
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK; (M.K.); (P.Z.)
| | - Ryland Cairns
- Fontus Environmental, High Garth, Thirsk YO7 3PX, UK;
| | - Agnieszka K. Bronowska
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK; (M.K.); (P.Z.)
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Tost AS, Kristensen A, Olsen LI, Axelsen KB, Fuglsang AT. The PSY Peptide Family-Expression, Modification and Physiological Implications. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12020218. [PMID: 33540946 PMCID: PMC7913133 DOI: 10.3390/genes12020218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Small post-translationally modified peptides are gaining increasing attention as important signaling molecules in plant development. In the family of plant peptides containing tyrosine sulfation (PSYs), only PSY1 has been characterized at the mature level as an 18-amino-acid peptide, carrying one sulfated tyrosine, and involved in cell elongation. This review presents seven additional homologs in Arabidopsis all sharing high conservation in the active peptide domain, and it shows that PSY peptides are found in all higher plants and mosses. It is proposed that all eight PSY homologs are post-translationally modified to carry a sulfated tyrosine and that subtilisin-like subtilases (SBTs) are involved in the processing of PSY propeptides. The PSY peptides show differential expression patterns indicating that they serve several distinct functions in plant development. PSY peptides seem to be at least partly regulated at the transcriptional level, as their expression is greatly influenced by developmental factors. Finally, a model including a receptor in addition to PSY1R is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amalie Scheel Tost
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark; (A.S.T.); (A.K.); (L.I.O.); or (K.B.A.)
| | - Astrid Kristensen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark; (A.S.T.); (A.K.); (L.I.O.); or (K.B.A.)
| | - Lene Irene Olsen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark; (A.S.T.); (A.K.); (L.I.O.); or (K.B.A.)
| | - Kristian Buhl Axelsen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark; (A.S.T.); (A.K.); (L.I.O.); or (K.B.A.)
- SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, CMU, 1 Rue Michel Servet, CH-1211 Geneve, Switzerland
| | - Anja Thoe Fuglsang
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark; (A.S.T.); (A.K.); (L.I.O.); or (K.B.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +45-35-33-25-86
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Li Q, Gao Y, Yang A. Sulfur Homeostasis in Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E8926. [PMID: 33255536 PMCID: PMC7727837 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21238926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Sulfur (S) is an essential macronutrient for plant growth and development. S is majorly absorbed as sulfate from soil, and is then translocated to plastids in leaves, where it is assimilated into organic products. Cysteine (Cys) is the first organic product generated from S, and it is used as a precursor to synthesize many S-containing metabolites with important biological functions, such as glutathione (GSH) and methionine (Met). The reduction of sulfate takes place in a two-step reaction involving a variety of enzymes. Sulfate transporters (SULTRs) are responsible for the absorption of SO42- from the soil and the transport of SO42- in plants. There are 12-16 members in the S transporter family, which is divided into five categories based on coding sequence homology and biochemical functions. When exposed to S deficiency, plants will alter a series of morphological and physiological processes. Adaptive strategies, including cis-acting elements, transcription factors, non-coding microRNAs, and phytohormones, have evolved in plants to respond to S deficiency. In addition, there is crosstalk between S and other nutrients in plants. In this review, we summarize the recent progress in understanding the mechanisms underlying S homeostasis in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - An Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; (Q.L.); (Y.G.)
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45
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Aghdam MS, Alikhani-Koupaei M. Exogenous phytosulfokine α (PSKα) applying delays senescence and relief decay in strawberry fruits during cold storage by sufficient intracellular ATP and NADPH availability. Food Chem 2020; 336:127685. [PMID: 32758803 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we employed exogenous phytosulfokine α (PSKα) for delaying senescence and lessening decay in strawberry fruits during storage at 4 °C for 18 days. Our results showed that the strawberry fruits treated with 150 nM PSKα exhibited lower expression of poly-ADP-ribose polymerase 1 (PARP1) gene, leading to a higher intracellular NAD+ availability, beneficial for a sufficient provision of intracellular NADP+ with the activity of NAD kinase (NADK). Moreover, higher activities of glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH), 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGDH), and methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase (MTHFD) may be the reason for the sufficient intracellular availability of NADPH in strawberry fruits treated with 150 nM PSKα. In addition, strawberry fruits treated with 150 nM PSKα exhibited a sufficient availability of ATP resulted from higher activities of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) and cytochrome c oxidase (CCO). Therefore, our results indicate that exogenous PSKα could be beneficial for delaying senescence and reducing decay in strawberry fruits during cold storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morteza Soleimani Aghdam
- Department of Horticultural Science, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin 34148-96818, Iran.
| | - Majid Alikhani-Koupaei
- Department of Production Engineering and Plant Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Higher Educational Complex of Saravan, Saravan, Iran.
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Aghdam MS, Sayyari M, Luo Z. Exogenous application of phytosulfokine α (PSKα) delays yellowing and preserves nutritional quality of broccoli florets during cold storage. Food Chem 2020; 333:127481. [PMID: 32663753 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we tested the exogenous application of phytosulfokine α (PSKα) for delaying the yellowing of broccoli florets during cold storage. Our results showed that the lower yellowing in broccoli florets treated with 150 nM PSKα was probably due to the higher endogenous accumulation of PSKα, leading to the endogenous accumulation of guanosine 3', 5'-cyclic monophosphate (cGMP). Besides, broccoli florets treated with 150 nM PSKα exhibited a higher accumulation of phenols and flavonoids by triggering gene expression and activities of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) and chalcone synthase (CHS). Moreover, the higher expression of L-galactotno-1,4-lactone dehydrogenase (GLDH) gene and the lower expression of ascorbic acid oxidase (AAO) gene in broccoli florets treated with 150 nM PSKα may be the reasons for the higher accumulation of ascorbic acid. In conclusion, the exogenous application of PSKα is a promising strategy in delaying the yellowing and preserving the nutritional quality of broccoli florets during cold storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morteza Soleimani Aghdam
- Department of Horticultural Science, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin 34148-96818, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Sayyari
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan 51664, Iran.
| | - Zisheng Luo
- Zhejiang University, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agri-Food Processing, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China; Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, People's Republic of China; Fuli Institute of Food Science, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China.
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47
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Kopriva S, Malagoli M, Takahashi H. Sulfur nutrition: impacts on plant development, metabolism, and stress responses. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:4069-4073. [PMID: 31423538 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav Kopriva
- Botanical Institute and Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Mario Malagoli
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padua, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Hideki Takahashi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
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