1
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Shang T, Jiang T, Cui X, Pan Y, Feng X, Dong L, Wang H. Diverse functions of SOX9 in liver development and homeostasis and hepatobiliary diseases. Genes Dis 2024; 11:100996. [PMID: 38523677 PMCID: PMC10958229 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2023.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The liver is the central organ for digestion and detoxification and has unique metabolic and regenerative capacities. The hepatobiliary system originates from the foregut endoderm, in which cells undergo multiple events of cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation to form the liver parenchyma and ductal system under the hierarchical regulation of transcription factors. Studies on liver development and diseases have revealed that SRY-related high-mobility group box 9 (SOX9) plays an important role in liver embryogenesis and the progression of hepatobiliary diseases. SOX9 is not only a master regulator of cell fate determination and tissue morphogenesis, but also regulates various biological features of cancer, including cancer stemness, invasion, and drug resistance, making SOX9 a potential biomarker for tumor prognosis and progression. This review systematically summarizes the latest findings of SOX9 in hepatobiliary development, homeostasis, and disease. We also highlight the value of SOX9 as a novel biomarker and potential target for the clinical treatment of major liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiyu Shang
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Tianyi Jiang
- National Center for Liver Cancer, The Naval Medical University, Shanghai 201805, China
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Institute, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Xiaowen Cui
- National Center for Liver Cancer, The Naval Medical University, Shanghai 201805, China
| | - Yufei Pan
- National Center for Liver Cancer, The Naval Medical University, Shanghai 201805, China
| | - Xiaofan Feng
- National Center for Liver Cancer, The Naval Medical University, Shanghai 201805, China
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Institute, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Liwei Dong
- National Center for Liver Cancer, The Naval Medical University, Shanghai 201805, China
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Institute, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Hongyang Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
- National Center for Liver Cancer, The Naval Medical University, Shanghai 201805, China
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Institute, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China
- Laboratory of Signaling Regulation and Targeting Therapy of Liver Cancer, Second Military Medical University & Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200438, China
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2
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Xue JD, Xiang WF, Cai MQ, Lv XY. Biological functions and therapeutic potential of SRY related high mobility group box 5 in human cancer. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1332148. [PMID: 38835366 PMCID: PMC11148273 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1332148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a heavy human burden worldwide, with high morbidity and mortality. Identification of novel cancer diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers is important for developing cancer treatment strategies and reducing mortality. Transcription factors, including SRY associated high mobility group box (SOX) proteins, are thought to be involved in the regulation of specific biological processes. There is growing evidence that SOX transcription factors play an important role in cancer progression, including tumorigenesis, changes in the tumor microenvironment, and metastasis. SOX5 is a member of SOX Group D of Sox family. SOX5 is expressed in various tissues of human body and participates in various physiological and pathological processes and various cellular processes. However, the abnormal expression of SOX5 is associated with cancer of various systems, and the abnormal expression of SOX5 acts as a tumor promoter to promote cancer cell viability, proliferation, invasion, migration and EMT through multiple mechanisms. In addition, the expression pattern of SOX5 is closely related to cancer type, stage and adverse clinical outcome. Therefore, SOX5 is considered as a potential biomarker for cancer diagnosis and prognosis. In this review, the expression of SOX5 in various human cancers, the mechanism of action and potential clinical significance of SOX5 in tumor, and the therapeutic significance of Sox5 targeting in cancer were reviewed. In order to provide a new theoretical basis for cancer clinical molecular diagnosis, molecular targeted therapy and scientific research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan-di Xue
- The School of Basic Medicine Sciences of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Wan-Fang Xiang
- School/Hospital of Stomatology of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ming-Qin Cai
- School/Hospital of Stomatology of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Yun Lv
- The School of Basic Medicine Sciences of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
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3
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Sakamoto M, Ito D, Inoue R, Wakayama S, Kikuchi Y, Yang L, Hayashi E, Emura R, Shiura H, Kohda T, Namekawa SH, Ishiuchi T, Wakayama T, Ooga M. Paternally inherited H3K27me3 affects chromatin accessibility in mouse embryos produced by round spermatid injection. Development 2022; 149:276384. [DOI: 10.1242/dev.200696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Round spermatid injection (ROSI) results in a lower birth rate than intracytoplasmic sperm injection, which has hampered its clinical application. Inefficient development of ROSI embryos has been attributed to epigenetic abnormalities. However, the chromatin-based mechanism that underpins the low birth rate in ROSI remains to be determined. Here, we show that a repressive histone mark, H3K27me3, persists from mouse round spermatids into zygotes in ROSI and that round spermatid-derived H3K27me3 is associated with less accessible chromatin and impaired gene expression in ROSI embryos. These loci are initially marked by H3K27me3 but undergo histone modification remodelling in spermiogenesis, resulting in reduced H3K27me3 in normal spermatozoa. Therefore, the absence of epigenetic remodelling, presumably mediated by histone turnover during spermiogenesis, leads to dysregulation of chromatin accessibility and transcription in ROSI embryos. Thus, our results unveil a molecular logic, in which chromatin states in round spermatids impinge on chromatin accessibility and transcription in ROSI embryos, highlighting the importance of epigenetic remodelling during spermiogenesis in successful reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mizuki Sakamoto
- University of Yamanashi 1 Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences , , Yamanashi, 400-8510 , Japan
| | - Daiyu Ito
- University of Yamanashi 1 Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences , , Yamanashi, 400-8510 , Japan
| | - Rei Inoue
- University of Yamanashi 1 Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences , , Yamanashi, 400-8510 , Japan
| | - Sayaka Wakayama
- Advanced Biotechnology Center, University of Yamanashi 2 , Yamanashi, 400-8510 , Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Kikuchi
- University of Yamanashi 1 Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences , , Yamanashi, 400-8510 , Japan
| | - Li Yang
- University of Yamanashi 1 Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences , , Yamanashi, 400-8510 , Japan
| | - Erika Hayashi
- University of Yamanashi 1 Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences , , Yamanashi, 400-8510 , Japan
| | - Rina Emura
- University of Yamanashi 1 Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences , , Yamanashi, 400-8510 , Japan
| | - Hirosuke Shiura
- University of Yamanashi 1 Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences , , Yamanashi, 400-8510 , Japan
| | - Takashi Kohda
- University of Yamanashi 1 Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences , , Yamanashi, 400-8510 , Japan
| | - Satoshi H. Namekawa
- University of California Davis 3 Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics , , Davis, CA 95616 , USA
| | - Takashi Ishiuchi
- University of Yamanashi 1 Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences , , Yamanashi, 400-8510 , Japan
| | - Teruhiko Wakayama
- Advanced Biotechnology Center, University of Yamanashi 2 , Yamanashi, 400-8510 , Japan
| | - Masatoshi Ooga
- University of Yamanashi 1 Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences , , Yamanashi, 400-8510 , Japan
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Pouremamali F, Vahedian V, Hassani N, Mirzaei S, Pouremamali A, Kazemzadeh H, Faridvand Y, Jafari-gharabaghlou D, Nouri M, Maroufi NF. The role of SOX family in cancer stem cell maintenance: With a focus on SOX2. Pathol Res Pract 2022; 231:153783. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2022.153783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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5
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Wei L, Tang Y, Zeng X, Li Y, Zhang S, Deng L, Wang L, Wang D. The transcription factor Sox30 is involved in Nile tilapia spermatogenesis. J Genet Genomics 2021; 49:666-676. [PMID: 34801758 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2021.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Spermatogenesis is a complex process in which spermatogonial stem cells differentiate and develop into mature spermatozoa. The transcriptional regulatory network involved in fish spermatogenesis remains poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate in Nile tilapia that the Sox transcription factor family member Sox30 is specifically expressed in the testes and mainly localizes to spermatocytes and spermatids. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated sox30 mutation results in abnormal spermiogenesis, reduction of sperm motility, and male subfertility. Comparative transcriptome analysis shows that sox30 mutation alters the expression of genes involved in spermatogenesis. Further chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by high-throughput sequencing (ChIP-seq), ChIP-PCR, and luciferase reporter assays reveal that Sox30 positively regulates the transcription of ift140 and ptprb, two genes involved in spermiogenesis, by directly binding to their promoters. Taken together, our data indicate that Sox30 plays essential roles in Nile tilapia spermatogenesis by directly regulating the transcription of the spermiogenesis-related genes ift140 and ptprb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Wei
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Yaohao Tang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Xianhai Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yueqin Li
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Song Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Li Deng
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Lingsong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Deshou Wang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
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6
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Yin H, Kang Z, Zhang Y, Gong Y, Liu M, Xue Y, He W, Wang Y, Zhang S, Xu Q, Fu K, Zheng B, Xie J, Zhang J, Wang Y, Lin M, Zhang Y, Feng H, Xin C, Guan Y, Huang C, Guo X, Wang P, Baur JA, Zheng K, Sun Z, Ye L. HDAC3 controls male fertility through enzyme-independent transcriptional regulation at the meiotic exit of spermatogenesis. Nucleic Acids Res 2021; 49:5106-5123. [PMID: 33939832 PMCID: PMC8136829 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkab313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The transition from meiotic spermatocytes to postmeiotic haploid germ cells constitutes an essential step in spermatogenesis. The epigenomic regulatory mechanisms underlying this transition remain unclear. Here, we find a prominent transcriptomic switch from the late spermatocytes to the early round spermatids during the meiotic-to-postmeiotic transition, which is associated with robust histone acetylation changes across the genome. Among histone deacetylases (HDACs) and acetyltransferases, we find that HDAC3 is selectively expressed in the late meiotic and early haploid stages. Three independent mouse lines with the testis-specific knockout of HDAC3 show infertility and defects in meiotic exit with an arrest at the late stage of meiosis or early stage of round spermatids. Stage-specific RNA-seq and histone acetylation ChIP-seq analyses reveal that HDAC3 represses meiotic/spermatogonial genes and activates postmeiotic haploid gene programs during meiotic exit, with associated histone acetylation alterations. Unexpectedly, abolishing HDAC3 catalytic activity by missense mutations in the nuclear receptor corepressor (NCOR or SMRT) does not cause infertility, despite causing histone hyperacetylation as HDAC3 knockout, demonstrating that HDAC3 enzyme activity is not required for spermatogenesis. Motif analysis of the HDAC3 cistrome in the testes identified SOX30, which has a similar spatiotemporal expression pattern as HDAC3 during spermatogenesis. Depletion of SOX30 in the testes abolishes the genomic recruitment of the HDAC3 to the binding sites. Collectively, these results establish the SOX30/HDAC3 signaling as a key regulator of the transcriptional program in a deacetylase-independent manner during the meiotic-to-postmeiotic transition in spermatogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiqi Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenlong Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingwen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingyun Gong
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengrou Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanfeng Xue
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Wenxiu He
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanfeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuya Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiushi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaiqiang Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, People's Republic of China
| | - Bangjin Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinwen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingyan Lin
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, People's Republic of China
| | - Yihan Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Hua Feng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Changpeng Xin
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Peoples' Republic of China
| | - Yichun Guan
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Peoples' Republic of China
| | - Chaoyang Huang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuejiang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, People's Republic of China
| | - P Jeremy Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Joseph A Baur
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism and Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ke Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng Sun
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Lan Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, People's Republic of China
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7
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Han F, Yin L, Jiang X, Zhang X, Zhang N, Yang J, Ouyang W, Hao X, Liu W, Huang Y, Chen H, Gao F, Li Z, Guo Q, Cao J, Liu J. Identification of SRY-box 30 as an age-related essential gatekeeper for male germ-cell meiosis and differentiation. Aging Cell 2021; 20:e13343. [PMID: 33721419 PMCID: PMC8135013 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Although important factors governing the meiosis have been reported in the embryonic ovary, meiosis in postnatal testis remains poorly understood. Herein, we first report that SRY‐box 30 (Sox30) is an age‐related and essential regulator of meiosis in the postnatal testis. Sox30‐null mice exhibited uniquely impaired testis, presenting the abnormal arrest of germ‐cell differentiation and irregular Leydig cell proliferation. In aged Sox30‐null mice, the observed testicular impairments were more severe. Furthermore, the germ‐cell arrest occurred at the stage of meiotic zygotene spermatocytes, which is strongly associated with critical regulators of meiosis (such as Cyp26b1, Stra8 and Rec8) and sex differentiation (such as Rspo1, Foxl2, Sox9, Wnt4 and Ctnnb1). Mechanistically, Sox30 can activate Stra8 and Rec8, and inhibit Cyp26b1 and Ctnnb1 by direct binding to their promoters. A different Sox30 domain required for regulating the activity of these gene promoters, providing a “fail‐safe” mechanism for Sox30 to facilitate germ‐cell differentiation. Indeed, retinoic acid levels were reduced owing to increased degradation following the elevation of Cyp26b1 in Sox30‐null testes. Re‐expression of Sox30 in Sox30‐null mice successfully restored germ‐cell meiosis, differentiation and Leydig cell proliferation. Moreover, the restoration of actual fertility appeared to improve over time. Consistently, Rec8 and Stra8 were reactivated, and Cyp26b1 and Ctnnb1 were reinhibited in the restored testes. In summary, Sox30 is necessary, sufficient and age‐associated for germ‐cell meiosis and differentiation in testes by direct regulating critical regulators. This study advances our understanding of the regulation of germ‐cell meiosis and differentiation in the postnatal testis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Han
- Institute of Toxicology College of Preventive Medicine Army Medical University Chongqing China
| | - Li Yin
- Institute of Toxicology College of Preventive Medicine Army Medical University Chongqing China
- College of Pharmacy and Bioengineering Chongqing University of Technology Chongqing China
| | - Xiao Jiang
- Institute of Toxicology College of Preventive Medicine Army Medical University Chongqing China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Institute of Toxicology College of Preventive Medicine Army Medical University Chongqing China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Institute of Toxicology College of Preventive Medicine Army Medical University Chongqing China
| | - Jun‐tang Yang
- Institute of Toxicology College of Preventive Medicine Army Medical University Chongqing China
- College of Life Science Henan Normal University Henan China
| | - Wei‐ming Ouyang
- Office of Biotechnology Products Center for Drug Evaluation and Research U.S. Food and Drug Administration Pittsburgh PA USA
| | - Xiang‐lin Hao
- Department of Pathology Xinqiao HospitalArmy Medical University Chongqing China
| | - Wen‐bin Liu
- Institute of Toxicology College of Preventive Medicine Army Medical University Chongqing China
| | - Yong‐sheng Huang
- Institute of Toxicology College of Preventive Medicine Army Medical University Chongqing China
| | - Hong‐qiang Chen
- Institute of Toxicology College of Preventive Medicine Army Medical University Chongqing China
| | - Fei Gao
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen Frederiksberg DK Denmark
| | - Zhong‐tai Li
- Department of Urology Daping HospitalArmy Medical University Chongqing China
| | - Qiao‐nan Guo
- Department of Pathology Xinqiao HospitalArmy Medical University Chongqing China
| | - Jia Cao
- Institute of Toxicology College of Preventive Medicine Army Medical University Chongqing China
| | - Jin‐yi Liu
- Institute of Toxicology College of Preventive Medicine Army Medical University Chongqing China
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Stevanovic M, Drakulic D, Lazic A, Ninkovic DS, Schwirtlich M, Mojsin M. SOX Transcription Factors as Important Regulators of Neuronal and Glial Differentiation During Nervous System Development and Adult Neurogenesis. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 14:654031. [PMID: 33867936 PMCID: PMC8044450 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.654031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The SOX proteins belong to the superfamily of transcription factors (TFs) that display properties of both classical TFs and architectural components of chromatin. Since the cloning of the Sox/SOX genes, remarkable progress has been made in illuminating their roles as key players in the regulation of multiple developmental and physiological processes. SOX TFs govern diverse cellular processes during development, such as maintaining the pluripotency of stem cells, cell proliferation, cell fate decisions/germ layer formation as well as terminal cell differentiation into tissues and organs. However, their roles are not limited to development since SOX proteins influence survival, regeneration, cell death and control homeostasis in adult tissues. This review summarized current knowledge of the roles of SOX proteins in control of central nervous system development. Some SOX TFs suspend neural progenitors in proliferative, stem-like state and prevent their differentiation. SOX proteins function as pioneer factors that occupy silenced target genes and keep them in a poised state for activation at subsequent stages of differentiation. At appropriate stage of development, SOX members that maintain stemness are down-regulated in cells that are competent to differentiate, while other SOX members take over their functions and govern the process of differentiation. Distinct SOX members determine down-stream processes of neuronal and glial differentiation. Thus, sequentially acting SOX TFs orchestrate neural lineage development defining neuronal and glial phenotypes. In line with their crucial roles in the nervous system development, deregulation of specific SOX proteins activities is associated with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs). The overview of the current knowledge about the link between SOX gene variants and NDDs is presented. We outline the roles of SOX TFs in adult neurogenesis and brain homeostasis and discuss whether impaired adult neurogenesis, detected in neurodegenerative diseases, could be associated with deregulation of SOX proteins activities. We present the current data regarding the interaction between SOX proteins and signaling pathways and microRNAs that play roles in nervous system development. Finally, future research directions that will improve the knowledge about distinct and various roles of SOX TFs in health and diseases are presented and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Stevanovic
- Laboratory for Human Molecular Genetics, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.,Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.,Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Danijela Drakulic
- Laboratory for Human Molecular Genetics, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Andrijana Lazic
- Laboratory for Human Molecular Genetics, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Danijela Stanisavljevic Ninkovic
- Laboratory for Human Molecular Genetics, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marija Schwirtlich
- Laboratory for Human Molecular Genetics, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marija Mojsin
- Laboratory for Human Molecular Genetics, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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9
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Williams CAC, Soufi A, Pollard SM. Post-translational modification of SOX family proteins: Key biochemical targets in cancer? Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 67:30-38. [PMID: 31539559 PMCID: PMC7703692 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Sox proteins are a family of lineage-associated transcription factors. They regulate expression of genes involved in control of self-renewal and multipotency in both developmental and adult stem cells. Overexpression of Sox proteins is frequently observed in many different human cancers. Despite their importance as therapeutic targets, Sox proteins are difficult to 'drug' using structure-based design. However, Sox protein localisation, activity and interaction partners are regulated by a plethora of post-translational modifications (PTMs), such as: phosphorylation, acetylation, sumoylation, methylation, and ubiquitylation. Here we review the various reported post-translational modifications of Sox proteins and their potential functional importance in guiding cell fate processes. The enzymes that regulate these PTMs could be useful targets for anti-cancer drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles A C Williams
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, 5 Little France Drive, EH16 4UU, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Abdenour Soufi
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, 5 Little France Drive, EH16 4UU, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Steven M Pollard
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, 5 Little France Drive, EH16 4UU, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
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10
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Olbromski M, Podhorska-Okołów M, Dzięgiel P. Role of SOX Protein Groups F and H in Lung Cancer Progression. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12113235. [PMID: 33152990 PMCID: PMC7692225 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The expression of SOX proteins has been demonstrated in many tissues at various stages of embryogenesis, where they play the role of transcription factors. The SOX18 protein (along with SOX7 and SOX17) belongs to the SOXF group and is mainly involved in the development of the cardiovascular system, where its expression was found in the endothelium. SOX18 expression was also demonstrated in neoplastic lines of gastric, pancreatic and colon adenocarcinomas. The prognostic role of SOX30 expression has only been studied in lung adenocarcinomas, where a low expression of this factor in the stromal tumor was associated with a worse prognosis for patients. Because of the complexity of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) development, the role of the SOX proteins in this malignancy is still not fully understood. Many recently published papers show that SOX family protein members play a crucial role in the progression of NSCLC. Abstract The SOX family proteins are proved to play a crucial role in the development of the lymphatic ducts and the cardiovascular system. Moreover, an increased expression level of the SOX18 protein has been found in many malignances, such as melanoma, stomach, pancreatic breast and lung cancers. Another SOX family protein, the SOX30 transcription factor, is responsible for the development of male germ cells. Additionally, recent studies have shown its proapoptotic character in non-small cell lung cancer cells. Our preliminary studies showed a disparity in the amount of mRNA of the SOX18 gene relative to the amount of protein. This is why our attention has been focused on microRNA (miRNA) molecules, which could regulate the SOX18 gene transcript level. Recent data point to the fact that, in practically all types of cancer, hundreds of genes exhibit an abnormal methylation, covering around 5–10% of the thousands of CpG islands present in the promoter sequences, which in normal cells should not be methylated from the moment the embryo finishes its development. It has been demonstrated that in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cases there is a large heterogeneity of the methylation process. The role of the SOX18 and SOX30 expression in non-small-cell lung cancers (NSCLCs) is not yet fully understood. However, if we take into account previous reports, these proteins may be important factors in the development and progression of these malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Olbromski
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-717-841-354; Fax: +48-717-840-082
| | - Marzenna Podhorska-Okołów
- Department of Ultrastructural Research, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Piotr Dzięgiel
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland;
- Department of Physiotherapy, University School of Physical Education, 51-612 Wroclaw, Poland
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11
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Anitha A, Senthilkumaran B. Role of sox30 in regulating testicular steroidogenesis of common carp. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2020; 204:105769. [PMID: 33065277 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2020.105769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Expression of transcription factors is crucial for the regulation of steroidogenesis and gonadal development in fish. SRY-related box (SOX) proteins regulate gene expression of various events related to vertebrate reproduction. This study reports the role of sox30 and its influence on sox9a/b in regulating testicular steroidogenesis of the common carp, Cyprinus carpio. Tissue distribution showed predominant expression of sox30 in gonads, while gonadal ontogeny indicated significant dimorphic expression of sox30 from 120 days post hatch. Higher sox30 transcripts during the spawning season, an elevation of sox30 after human chorionic gonadotropin induction, and 11-ketotestosterone (11-KT) treatment authenticate gonadotropin dependency. Treatment of 17α-methyl-di-hydroxy-testosterone to juvenile common carp for mono-sex induction, vis-à-vis elevated sox30 expression. Sox30 protein was detected abundantly in spermatocytes and spermatid/sperm of carp testis. Transient silencing of sox30 using small interfering RNAs decreased sox9a/b expression, lead to downregulation of certain molecule/factor, transcription factor, germ/stem cell marker, and steroidogenesis-related enzyme genes. Serum testosterone and 11-KT decreased significantly upon transient silencing of sox30, in vivo. Concomitantly, a reduction in testicular microsomal 11-β hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity was observed. These results demonstrate the influence of sox30 as well as sox9a/b in the regulation of testicular steroidogenesis in common carp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arumugam Anitha
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, P.O. Central University, Hyderabad 500046, Telangana, India
| | - Balasubramanian Senthilkumaran
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, P.O. Central University, Hyderabad 500046, Telangana, India.
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12
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Liu C, Liu Y, Tian J, Zhang S, Li X, Zhai X, Feng Q. High expression of SRY-box transcription factor 30 associates with well differentiation, absent lymph node metastasis and predicts longer survival in nonsmall-cell lung cancer patients. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e20122. [PMID: 32443323 PMCID: PMC7254043 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000020122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate SRY-box transcription factor 30 (SOX30) expression in nonsmall-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tumor tissues and adjacent noncancerous tissues, and further explore the correlation of tumor SOX30 expression with clinical characteristics and survival profiles in patients with NSCLC.Totally, 365 patients with NSCLC who underwent resection were screened, and SOX30 expression was detected in their tumor tissues and adjacent noncancerous tissues via immunohistochemistry (IHC) assay, which was assessed by a semiquantitative method considering the multiplying staining intensity score and staining density score. According to the tumor SOX30 expression, patients were categorized as tumor SOX30 low (IHC score ≤3) and high (IHC score 4-12) patients, the latter were further divided into tumor SOX30 high+ (IHC score 4-6), high++ (IHC score 7-9), and high+++ (IHC score 10-12) patients.SOX30 was downregulated in NSCLC tumor tissues compared with adjacent noncancerous tissues. Meanwhile, tumor SOX30 high expression associated with well differentiation, absent lymph node metastasis, decreased TNM stage, but did not associated with age, gender, history of smoke and drink, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, tumor size, or carcinoembryonic antigen level. Both accumulating disease-free survival and overall survival were the longest in tumor SOX30 high+++ patients, followed by tumor SOX30 high++ patients, and tumor SOX30 high+ patients, and the shortest in tumor SOX30 low patients. Besides, tumor SOX30 high expression was an independent predictor for longer disease-free survival and overall survival.Tumor SOX30 exhibits the potential to be a novel biomarker for survival prediction of patients with NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine
| | | | - Jun Tian
- Department of Respiratory Medicine
| | | | | | - Xiemin Zhai
- Quality Control Office, Cangzhou People's Hosptial, Cangzhou
| | - Qiang Feng
- Department of Cardiology, HanDan Central Hospital, Han Dan, China
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Lin J, Yuan Y, Shi X, Fang S, Zhang Y, Guan M, Xie Z, Ma H, Lin F. Molecular cloning, characterization and expression profiles of a SoxB2 gene related to gonadal development in mud crab (Scylla paramamosain). INVERTEBR REPROD DEV 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/07924259.2020.1726515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Lin
- Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Yuying Yuan
- Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Xi Shi
- Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Shaobin Fang
- Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Yin Zhang
- Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Mengyun Guan
- Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Zhuofang Xie
- Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Hongyu Ma
- Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Fan Lin
- Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, China
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14
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Yang J, Hu Y, Han J, Xiao K, Liu X, Tan C, Zeng Q, Du H. Genome-wide analysis of the Chinese sturgeon sox gene family: identification, characterisation and expression profiles of different tissues. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2020; 96:175-184. [PMID: 31713865 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.14199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The sox family is assumed to be responsible for a number of developmental systems. Genome sequencing technology makes it possible to scan sox genes and conduct characteristic analyses of different species. In fish, full characterisation of sox genes at the genome-wide level has been reported for pufferfish Takifugu rubripes, medaka Oryzias latipes, tilapia Oreochromis niloticus and channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus. However, no systematic investigation of the sox family in sturgeons (Acipenseridae) has been reported to date. This study conducted genome-wide identification of the sox genes in the Chinese sturgeon Acipenser sinensis and profiled their tissue distribution between male and female individuals. In total, 19 sox genes were identified, including soxb1, b2, c, d, e, f and h, in the Chinese sturgeon. Genomic structure analysis indicated relatively conserved exon-intron structures in each sox group and phylogenetic analysis supported the previous classification of the sox family. Most of the sox genes showed a tissue-specific expression pattern, indicating the possible involvement of Chinese sturgeon sox genes at different developmental processes such as cardiac and gonadal development. This study provides a comprehensive resource of Chinese sturgeon sox genes and enables a better understanding of the evolution and function of the sox family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yang
- Chinese Sturgeon Research Institute, China Three Gorges Corporation, Yichang, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Project for Conservation of Fishes, Chinese Sturgeon Research Institute, China Three Gorges Corporation, Yichang, China
| | - Yacheng Hu
- Chinese Sturgeon Research Institute, China Three Gorges Corporation, Yichang, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Project for Conservation of Fishes, Chinese Sturgeon Research Institute, China Three Gorges Corporation, Yichang, China
| | - Jilu Han
- China Three Gorges Corporation, Yichang, China
| | - Kan Xiao
- Chinese Sturgeon Research Institute, China Three Gorges Corporation, Yichang, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Project for Conservation of Fishes, Chinese Sturgeon Research Institute, China Three Gorges Corporation, Yichang, China
| | - Xueqing Liu
- Chinese Sturgeon Research Institute, China Three Gorges Corporation, Yichang, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Project for Conservation of Fishes, Chinese Sturgeon Research Institute, China Three Gorges Corporation, Yichang, China
| | - Chun Tan
- Chinese Sturgeon Research Institute, China Three Gorges Corporation, Yichang, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Project for Conservation of Fishes, Chinese Sturgeon Research Institute, China Three Gorges Corporation, Yichang, China
| | - Qingkai Zeng
- Chinese Sturgeon Research Institute, China Three Gorges Corporation, Yichang, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Project for Conservation of Fishes, Chinese Sturgeon Research Institute, China Three Gorges Corporation, Yichang, China
| | - Hejun Du
- Chinese Sturgeon Research Institute, China Three Gorges Corporation, Yichang, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Project for Conservation of Fishes, Chinese Sturgeon Research Institute, China Three Gorges Corporation, Yichang, China
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Transcription of the Sox30 Gene Is Positively Regulated by Dmrt1 in Nile Tilapia. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20215487. [PMID: 31690021 PMCID: PMC6862701 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20215487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The Sox family member Sox30 is highly expressed in the testis of several vertebrate species and has been shown to play key roles in spermiogenesis. However, its transcription regulation remains unclear. Here, we analyzed the Sox30 promoter from the teleost fish Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and predicted a putative cis-regulatory element (CRE) for doublesex and mab-3 related transcription factor 1 (Dmrt1), a male-specific transcription factor involved in male sex differentiation. Transcriptional profiling revealed that Sox30 and Dmrt1 similarly exhibited a high expression in tilapia testes from 90 days after hatching (dah) to 300 dah, and the transcription of the Sox30 gene was reduced about one-fold in the testes of male tilapia with Dmrt1 knockdown. Further dual-luciferase reporter assay confirmed that Dmrt1 overexpression significantly promoted transcriptional activity of the Sox30 promoter and this promotion was decreased following the mutation of putative CRE for Dmrt1 within the Sox30 promoter. Chromatin immunoprecipitation-based PCR (ChIP-PCR) and electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) demonstrated that Dmrt1 directly binds to putative CRE within the Sox30 promoter. These results together indicate that Dmrt1 positively regulates the transcription of the tilapia Sox30 gene by directly binding to specific CRE within the Sox30 promoter.
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16
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Zhang TJ, Wen XM, Zhou JD, Gu Y, Xu ZJ, Guo H, Ma JC, Yuan Q, Chen Q, Lin J, Qian J. SOX30 methylation correlates with disease progression in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:4789-4794. [PMID: 31417278 PMCID: PMC6592060 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s210168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Our previous study has reported that aberrant SOX30 methylation was associated with poor prognosis in AML, and it correlated with disease progression in MDS. Herein, we further determined SOX30 methylation and its clinical significance in the other myeloid malignance - chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Methods SOX30 methylation was examined by real-time quantitative methylation-specific PCR and bisulfite sequencing PCR, whereas SOX30 expression was detected by real-time quantitative PCR. Results SOX30 methylation was identified in 11% (10/95) CML patients. SOX30 methylation was associated with lower hemoglobin and platelets (P=0.006 and 0.032, respectively). Importantly, significant differences were observed in the distributions of clinical stages and cytogenetics (P=0.006 and 0.002, respectively). The frequency of SOX30 methylation in chronic phase (CP) stage occurred with lowest frequency (4/74, 5%), higher in accelerated phase (AP) stage (1/7, 14%), and the highest in blast crisis (BC) stage (12/31, 39%). In addition, SOX30 methylated patients tended to have a higher level of BCR-ABL transcript than SOX30 non-methylated patients (P=0.063). In two paired CML patients, SOX30 methylation showed lower density in CP stage (19% and 17%, respectively), and was significantly increased in BC stage (89% and 69%, respectively) during disease progression. Additionally, SOX30 methylated CML patients presented a lower SOX30 transcript level than SOX30 non-methylated CML patients (P=0.046). Conclusion Our study revealed that SOX30 methylation correlated with disease progression in chronic myeloid leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Juan Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,Zhenjiang Clinical Research Center of Hematology , Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,The Key Lab of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Zhenjiang City , Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang-Mei Wen
- Zhenjiang Clinical Research Center of Hematology , Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,The Key Lab of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Zhenjiang City , Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,Laboratory Center, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing-Dong Zhou
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,Zhenjiang Clinical Research Center of Hematology , Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,The Key Lab of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Zhenjiang City , Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Gu
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,Zhenjiang Clinical Research Center of Hematology , Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,The Key Lab of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Zhenjiang City , Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zi-Jun Xu
- Zhenjiang Clinical Research Center of Hematology , Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,The Key Lab of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Zhenjiang City , Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,Laboratory Center, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Guo
- Zhenjiang Clinical Research Center of Hematology , Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,The Key Lab of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Zhenjiang City , Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,Laboratory Center, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Ji-Chun Ma
- Zhenjiang Clinical Research Center of Hematology , Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,The Key Lab of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Zhenjiang City , Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,Laboratory Center, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Yuan
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,Zhenjiang Clinical Research Center of Hematology , Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,The Key Lab of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Zhenjiang City , Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Qin Chen
- Zhenjiang Clinical Research Center of Hematology , Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,The Key Lab of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Zhenjiang City , Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,Laboratory Center, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiang Lin
- Zhenjiang Clinical Research Center of Hematology , Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,The Key Lab of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Zhenjiang City , Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,Laboratory Center, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Qian
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,Zhenjiang Clinical Research Center of Hematology , Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,The Key Lab of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Zhenjiang City , Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
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The role of SOX family members in solid tumours and metastasis. Semin Cancer Biol 2019; 67:122-153. [PMID: 30914279 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is a heavy burden for humans across the world with high morbidity and mortality. Transcription factors including sex determining region Y (SRY)-related high-mobility group (HMG) box (SOX) proteins are thought to be involved in the regulation of specific biological processes. The deregulation of gene expression programs can lead to cancer development. Here, we review the role of the SOX family in breast cancer, prostate cancer, renal cell carcinoma, thyroid cancer, brain tumours, gastrointestinal and lung tumours as well as the entailing therapeutic implications. The SOX family consists of more than 20 members that mediate DNA binding by the HMG domain and have regulatory functions in development, cell-fate decision, and differentiation. SOX2, SOX4, SOX5, SOX8, SOX9, and SOX18 are up-regulated in different cancer types and have been found to be associated with poor prognosis, while the up-regulation of SOX11 and SOX30 appears to be favourable for the outcome in other cancer types. SOX2, SOX4, SOX5 and other SOX members are involved in tumorigenesis, e.g. SOX2 is markedly up-regulated in chemotherapy resistant cells. The SoxF family (SOX7, SOX17, SOX18) plays an important role in angio- and lymphangiogenesis, with SOX18 seemingly being an attractive target for anti-angiogenic therapy and the treatment of metastatic disease in cancer. In summary, SOX transcription factors play an important role in cancer progression, including tumorigenesis, changes in the tumour microenvironment, and metastasis. Certain SOX proteins are potential molecular markers for cancer prognosis and putative potential therapeutic targets, but further investigations are required to understand their physiological functions.
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Han F, Liu WB, Li JJ, Zhang MQ, Yang JT, Zhang X, Hao XL, Yin L, Mao CY, Jiang X, Cao J, Liu JY. SOX30 is a prognostic biomarker and chemotherapeutic indicator for advanced-stage ovarian cancer. Endocr Relat Cancer 2019; 26:303-319. [PMID: 30608899 DOI: 10.1530/erc-18-0529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
New potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for ovarian cancer should be identified. The amplification in chromosomal region 5q31-5q35.3 exhibits the strongest correlation with overall survival (OS) of ovarian cancer. SOX30 coincidentally located at this chromosomal region has been determined as a new important tumor suppressor. However, the prognostic value, role and mechanism of SOX30 in ovarian cancer are unexplored. Here, we reveal that SOX30 is frequently overexpressed in ovarian cancer tissues and is associated with clinical stage and metastasis of ovarian cancer patients. High SOX30 expression predicts better OS and acts as an independent prognostic factor in advanced-stage patients, but is not associated with OS in early-stage patients. Based on the survival analyses, the advanced-stage patients with high SOX30 expression can receive platin- and/or taxol-based chemotherapy, whereas they should not receive chemotherapy containing gemcitabine or topotecan. Functionally, SOX30 strongly inhibits tumor cell migration and invasion in intro and suppresses tumor metastasis in vivo. SOX30 regulates some markers (E-CADHERIN, FIBRONECTIN, N-CADHERIN and VIMENTIN) and prevents the characteristics of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). SOX30 transcriptionally regulates the expression of E-CADHERIN, FIBRONECTIN and N-CADHERIN by binding to their promoters. Restoration of E-CADHERIN and/or N-CADHERIN when overexpressing SOX30 significantly reduces the anti-metastatic role of SOX30. Indeed, chemotherapy treatment containing platin or gemcitabine combined with SOX30 expression influences tumor cell metastasis and the survival of nude mice differently, which is closely associated with EMT. In conclusion, SOX30 antagonizes tumor metastasis by preventing EMT process that can be used to predict survival and incorporated into chemotherapeutics of advanced-stage ovarian cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Han
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wen-Bin Liu
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jian-Jun Li
- Department of Oncology, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ming-Qian Zhang
- Department of Emergency, Yan'an Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Jun-Tang Yang
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiang-Lin Hao
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Yin
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Cheng-Yi Mao
- Department of Pathology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiao Jiang
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jia Cao
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jin-Yi Liu
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Han F, Zhang MQ, Liu WB, Sun L, Hao XL, Yin L, Jiang X, Cao J, Liu JY. SOX30 specially prevents Wnt-signaling to suppress metastasis and improve prognosis of lung adenocarcinoma patients. Respir Res 2018; 19:241. [PMID: 30514297 PMCID: PMC6280504 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-018-0952-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Different histological subtypes of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) show different molecular characteristics and responses to therapeutic strategy. Identification of specific gene, clarification of its special roles and molecular mechanisms are crucial for developing new therapeutic approach for particular subtype patients. METHODS Surgical specimens of 540 NSCLC patients were recruited. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect SOX30 expression, and correlations with clinical parameters were analyzed. Functional experiments and gene ontology analysis were performed to investigate roles of SOX30. Network analysis, TOP/FOP-Flash assays, luciferase reporter assays and ChIP-PCR assays were performed to determine the mechanism. Survival analyses were calculated by Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression. Recovery experiment was investigated the importance of the target of SOX30. RESULTS SOX30 expression is closely associated with histological types of NSCLC, and metastasis of adenocarcinoma (ADC) patients but not of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) patients. SOX30 strongly inhibits cancer cell migration and invasion in ADC cell lines, whrereas not affects cell migration and invasion in SCC cell lines. The genes associated with SOX30 preferentially enrich in metastasis process and Wnt-signaling in only ADC patients. Consistently, SOX30 is negatively associated with the expression of Wnt-signaling and metastasis-related gene CTNNB1 (β-catenin) in ADC, but not in SCC. At the molecular level, SOX30 represses Wnt-signaling by directly transcriptional inhibition of CTNNB1 in ADC, and also not in SCC. In the clinical, SOX30 is a favorable and independent prognostic factor in ADC patients, whereas is an unfavorable and independent prognostic factor in SCC patients. Moreover, SOX30 expression is a double face early-stage prognostic biomarker in ADC and SCC patients. In addition, forcible restoration of CTNNB1 indeed can inhibit the anti-metastatic role of SOX30 in ADC patients. CONCLUSIONS In early-stage ADC patients, elevated SOX30 expression inhibits tumor-metastasis by directly binding to CTNNB1 promoter resulting in a favorable prognosis of these patients. However, in early-stage SCC patients, SOX30 has no inhibitory role on tumor-metastasis due to not binding to CTNNB1 promoter leading to an unfavorable prognosis of the patients. This study highlights a special role and prognostic value of SOX30 in ADC, providing a novel therapeutic target for particular subtype NSCLC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Han
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming-Qian Zhang
- Department of Emergency, Yan'an Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Wen-Bin Liu
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Sun
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang-Lin Hao
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Yin
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Jiang
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Cao
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Yi Liu
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China.
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20
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Zhang K, Xu J, Zhang Z, Huang Y, Ruan Z, Chen S, Zhu F, You X, Jia C, Meng Q, Gu R, Lin X, Xu J, Xu P, Zhang Z, Shi Q. A comparative transcriptomic study on developmental gonads provides novel insights into sex change in the protandrous black porgy (Acanthopagrus schlegelii). Genomics 2018; 111:277-283. [PMID: 30439483 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2018.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Protandrous black porgy (Acanthopagrus schlegelii) is a popular and valuable commercial marine fish in China and East Asian countries. Controlling and managing its breeding has been an imperative step towards obtaining a sustainable supply of this fish in aquaculture production systems. Therefore, study on the molecular mechanisms of sex change in black porgy has both scientific and commercial importance. Previously, we identified some candidate genes related to sex determination and differentiation from a high-quality genome assembly of the black porgy. In the present study, transcriptome sequencing of developmental gonads (including testis, ovotestis and ovary) of black porgy was performed to further investigate the sex-change mechanisms. Our results showed that the highly expressed male-related genes (dmrt1, piwi1, piwi2, sox9, sox30 and amh) at the male phase were significantly down-regulated to a substantial degree at the intersexual stage, and the female-related genes (jnk1, vasa, wnt4, figla and foxl2) were distinctly up-regulated when the fish grows into a female adult, suggesting the potential roles of these genes in sex change of the black porgy. These data also support a previous hypothesis that the femaleness will be switched on when the testis is entering the degenerated stage through the diminished dmrt1 expression. Our transcriptome data provide a very useful genomic resource for future studies on sex change and practical aquaculture in the black porgy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhang
- School of Animal and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China; Shenzhen Key Lab of Marine Genomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Molecular Breeding in Marine Economic Animals, BGI Academy of Marine Sciences, BGI Marine, BGI, Shenzhen 518083, China.
| | - Jin Xu
- Jiangsu Marine Fishery Research Institute, Nantong, Jiangsu 226007, China
| | - Zhiwei Zhang
- Jiangsu Marine Fishery Research Institute, Nantong, Jiangsu 226007, China
| | - Yu Huang
- Shenzhen Key Lab of Marine Genomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Molecular Breeding in Marine Economic Animals, BGI Academy of Marine Sciences, BGI Marine, BGI, Shenzhen 518083, China.
| | - Zhiqiang Ruan
- Shenzhen Key Lab of Marine Genomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Molecular Breeding in Marine Economic Animals, BGI Academy of Marine Sciences, BGI Marine, BGI, Shenzhen 518083, China.
| | - Shuyin Chen
- Jiangsu Marine Fishery Research Institute, Nantong, Jiangsu 226007, China
| | - Fei Zhu
- Jiangsu Marine Fishery Research Institute, Nantong, Jiangsu 226007, China
| | - Xinxin You
- Shenzhen Key Lab of Marine Genomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Molecular Breeding in Marine Economic Animals, BGI Academy of Marine Sciences, BGI Marine, BGI, Shenzhen 518083, China.
| | - Chaofeng Jia
- Jiangsu Marine Fishery Research Institute, Nantong, Jiangsu 226007, China
| | - Qian Meng
- Jiangsu Marine Fishery Research Institute, Nantong, Jiangsu 226007, China
| | - Ruobo Gu
- BGI-Zhenjiang Institute of Hydrobiology, BGI Marine, Zhenjiang 212000, China.
| | - Xueqiang Lin
- Shenzhen Key Lab of Marine Genomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Molecular Breeding in Marine Economic Animals, BGI Academy of Marine Sciences, BGI Marine, BGI, Shenzhen 518083, China; Hainan BGI Marine Science and Technology Co. Ltd., BGI Marine, Wenchang 571327, China.
| | - Junmin Xu
- BGI-Zhenjiang Institute of Hydrobiology, BGI Marine, Zhenjiang 212000, China; School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu 069-8501, Japan.
| | - Pao Xu
- Freshwater Fishery Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214081, China.
| | - Zhiyong Zhang
- Jiangsu Marine Fishery Research Institute, Nantong, Jiangsu 226007, China.
| | - Qiong Shi
- Shenzhen Key Lab of Marine Genomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Molecular Breeding in Marine Economic Animals, BGI Academy of Marine Sciences, BGI Marine, BGI, Shenzhen 518083, China; BGI-Zhenjiang Institute of Hydrobiology, BGI Marine, Zhenjiang 212000, China.
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21
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Láruson ÁJ, Coppard SE, Pespeni MH, Reed FA. Gene expression across tissues, sex, and life stages in the sea urchin Tripneustes gratilla [Toxopneustidae, Odontophora, Camarodonta]. Mar Genomics 2018; 41:12-18. [PMID: 30064945 DOI: 10.1016/j.margen.2018.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The pan-tropical sea urchin Tripneustes gratilla is an ecologically and economically important shallow water algal grazer. The aquaculture of T. gratilla has spurred growing interest in the population biology of the species, and by extension the generation of more molecular resources. To this purpose, de novo transcriptomes of T. gratilla were generated for two adults, a male and a female, as well as for a cohort of approximately 1000 plutei larvae. Gene expression profiles of three adult tissue samples were quantified and compared. These samples were of gonadal tissue, the neural ring, and pooled tube feet and pedicellariae. Levels of shared and different gene expression between sexes, as well as across functional categories of interest, including the immune system, toxins, genes involved in fertilization, and sensory genes are highlighted. Differences in expression of isoforms between the sexes and Sex determining Region Y-related High Mobility Group box groups is observed. Additionally an expansion of the tumor suppressor DMBT1 is observed in T. gratilla when compared to the annotated genome of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus. The draft transcriptome of T. gratilla is presented here in order to facilitate more genomic level analysis of emerging model sea urchin systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Áki Jarl Láruson
- University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Department of Biology, Honolulu, HI 96822, United States.
| | - Simon E Coppard
- Hamilton College, Department of Biology, Clinton, NY 13323, United States
| | - Melissa H Pespeni
- University of Vermont, Department of Biology, Burlington, VT 05405, United States
| | - Floyd A Reed
- University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Department of Biology, Honolulu, HI 96822, United States
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22
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Zhou JD, Wang YX, Zhang TJ, Li XX, Gu Y, Zhang W, Ma JC, Lin J, Qian J. Identification and validation of SRY-box containing gene family member SOX30 methylation as a prognostic and predictive biomarker in myeloid malignancies. Clin Epigenetics 2018; 10:92. [PMID: 30002740 PMCID: PMC6034269 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-018-0523-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Methylation-associated SOX family genes have been proved to be involved in multiple essential processes during carcinogenesis and act as potential biomarkers for cancer diagnosis, staging, prediction of prognosis, and monitoring of response to therapy. Herein, we revealed SOX30 methylation and its clinical implication in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). Results In the discovery stage, we identified that SOX30 methylation, a frequent event in AML, was negatively associated with SOX30 expression and correlated with overall survival (OS) and leukemia-free survival (LFS) in cytogenetically normal AML among SOX family members from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) datasets. In the validation stage, we verified that SOX30 methylation level was significantly higher in AML even in MDS-derived AML compared to controls, whereas SOX30 hypermethylation was not a frequent event in MDS. SOX30 methylation was inversely correlated with SOX30 expression in AML patients. Survival analysis showed that SOX30 hypermethylation was negatively associated with complete remission (CR), OS, and LFS in AML, where it only affected LFS in MDS. Notably, among MDS/AML paired patients, SOX30 methylation level was significantly increased in AML stage than in MDS stage. In addition, SOX30 methylation was found to be significantly decreased in AML achieved CR when compared to diagnosis time and markedly increased in relapsed AML when compared to the CR population. Conclusions Our findings revealed that SOX30 methylation was associated with disease progression in MDS and acted as an independent prognostic and predictive biomarker in AML. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13148-018-0523-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Dong Zhou
- 1Department of Hematology, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, 8 Dianli Rd, 212002 Zhenjiang, People's Republic of China.,The Key Lab of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Zhenjiang City, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Xin Wang
- 3Department of Nephrology and Endocrinology, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Kunshan City, Kunshan, Jiangsu People's Republic of China
| | - Ting-Juan Zhang
- 1Department of Hematology, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, 8 Dianli Rd, 212002 Zhenjiang, People's Republic of China.,The Key Lab of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Zhenjiang City, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu People's Republic of China
| | - Xi-Xi Li
- 1Department of Hematology, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, 8 Dianli Rd, 212002 Zhenjiang, People's Republic of China.,The Key Lab of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Zhenjiang City, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Gu
- 1Department of Hematology, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, 8 Dianli Rd, 212002 Zhenjiang, People's Republic of China.,The Key Lab of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Zhenjiang City, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhang
- 1Department of Hematology, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, 8 Dianli Rd, 212002 Zhenjiang, People's Republic of China.,The Key Lab of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Zhenjiang City, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu People's Republic of China
| | - Ji-Chun Ma
- The Key Lab of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Zhenjiang City, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu People's Republic of China.,4Laboratory Center, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, 8 Dianli Rd., 212002 Zhenjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiang Lin
- The Key Lab of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Zhenjiang City, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu People's Republic of China.,4Laboratory Center, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, 8 Dianli Rd., 212002 Zhenjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Qian
- 1Department of Hematology, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, 8 Dianli Rd, 212002 Zhenjiang, People's Republic of China.,The Key Lab of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Zhenjiang City, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu People's Republic of China
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23
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Bai S, Fu K, Yin H, Cui Y, Yue Q, Li W, Cheng L, Tan H, Liu X, Guo Y, Zhang Y, Xie J, He W, Wang Y, Feng H, Xin C, Zhang J, Lin M, Shen B, Sun Z, Guo X, Zheng K, Ye L. Sox30 initiates transcription of haploid genes during late meiosis and spermiogenesis in mouse testes. Development 2018; 145:dev.164855. [PMID: 29866902 DOI: 10.1242/dev.164855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Transcription factors of the Sox protein family contain a DNA-binding HMG box and are key regulators of progenitor cell fate. Here, we report that expression of Sox30 is restricted to meiotic spermatocytes and postmeiotic haploids. Sox30 mutant males are sterile owing to spermiogenic arrest at the early round spermatid stage. Specifically, in the absence of Sox30, proacrosomic vesicles fail to form a single acrosomal organelle, and spermatids arrest at step 2-3. Although most Sox30 mutant spermatocytes progress through meiosis, accumulation of diplotene spermatocytes indicates a delayed or impaired transition from meiotic to postmeiotic stages. Transcriptome analysis of isolated stage-specific spermatogenic cells reveals that Sox30 controls a core postmeiotic gene expression program that initiates as early as the late meiotic cell stage. ChIP-seq analysis shows that Sox30 binds to specific DNA sequences in mouse testes, and its genomic occupancy correlates positively with expression of many postmeiotic genes including Tnp1, Hils1, Ccdc54 and Tsks These results define Sox30 as a crucial transcription factor that controls the transition from a late meiotic to a postmeiotic gene expression program and subsequent round spermatid development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaiqiang Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiqi Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiqiang Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiuling Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenbo Li
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Le Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, People's Republic of China
| | - Huanhuan Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, People's Republic of China
| | - Yueshuai Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingwen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenxiu He
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Feng
- Omics Core of Bio-Med Big Data Center, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, People's Republic of China
| | - Changpeng Xin
- Omics Core of Bio-Med Big Data Center, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinwen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingyan Lin
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng Sun
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Xuejiang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, People's Republic of China
| | - Lan Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, People's Republic of China
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24
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Liu Y, Wang H, Zhong J, Wu C, Yang G, Zhong Y, Zhang J, Tang A. Decreased expression of SRY-box containing gene 30 is related to malignant phenotypes of human bladder cancer and correlates with poor prognosis. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:642. [PMID: 29880037 PMCID: PMC5992861 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4560-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In human pulmonary malignancies, the SRY-box containing gene 30 (SOX30) is a known cancer-suppressing gene. Nevertheless, its molecular role and clinical effects remains unknown in bladder cancer. Methods SOX30 mRNA expression was quantified in bladder cancer tissue, paired adjacent normal tissue, and cell lines with qRT-PCR. SOX30 protein expression in BC tissue and cell lines was evaluated via western blotting and immunohistochemistry. In addition, the clinical and prognostic significance of SOX30 in BC were assessed using Kaplan-Meier analysis. Furthermore, we measured cell migration and invasion, cell proliferation and cell apoptosis by means of a Transwell assay, cell counting kit-8 along with flow cytometry, respectively. Results Expression levels of SOX30 were markedly lower in BC cells and tumor tissues than in adjacent noncancerous tissues. Moreover, clinicopathological analyses showed that low SOX30 expression was positively related to an advanced tumor, node, and metastasis (TNM) stage. Furthermore, low SOX30 expression conferred reduced survival rates (P < 0.05). Functional analyses revealed that SOX30 overexpression attenuated cell proliferation, invasion, and migration, while promoting apoptosis in BC cells. Conclusions SOX30 displays tumor suppressive behavior, warranting future investigations into its therapeutic potential in the treatment of BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- The Central Laboratory, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Graduate School of Guangzhou Medical University, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Urinary Surgery, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Han Wang
- Department of Urinary Surgery, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jianhua Zhong
- Department of Urinary Surgery, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chenglong Wu
- Department of Urinary Surgery, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Gang Yang
- Department of Urinary Surgery, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yuantang Zhong
- Department of Urinary Surgery, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jinghua Zhang
- Department of Urinary Surgery, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Aifa Tang
- Department of Urinary Surgery, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.
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25
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Hao X, Han F, Ma B, Zhang N, Chen H, Jiang X, Yin L, Liu W, Ao L, Cao J, Liu J. SOX30 is a key regulator of desmosomal gene suppressing tumor growth and metastasis in lung adenocarcinoma. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2018; 37:111. [PMID: 29855376 PMCID: PMC5984358 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-018-0778-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Background The expression of desmosomal genes in lung adenocarcinoma and lung squamous carcinoma is different. However, the regulatory mechanism of desmosomal gene expression in lung adenocarcinoma and lung squamous carcinoma remains unknown. Methods The correlation between expression of desmosomal gene expression and SOX30 expression were analyzed by bioinformatics. The expression of SOX30, DSP, JUP and DSC3 were detected in lung cancer cell lines, lung tissues of mice and patients’ tissues by qPCR, WB, Immunofluorescence and Immunohistochemistry. A chromatin Immunoprecipitation assay was used to investigate the mechanisms of the SOX30 regulation on desmosomal gene expression. In vitro proliferation, migration and invasion assays, and an in vivo nude mice model were utilized to assess the important role of desmosomal genes on SOX30-induced tumor suppression. A WB assay and TOP/FOP flash reporter assay was used to investigate the downstream pathway regulated by the SOX30-desmosomal gene axis. A chemical carcinogenic model of SOX30-knockout mice was generated to confirm the role of the SOX30-desmosomal gene axis in tumorigenesis. Results The expression of desmosomal genes were upregulated by SOX30 in lung adenocarcinoma but not in lung squamous carcinoma. Further mechanism studies showed that SOX30 acts as a key transcriptional regulator of desmosomal genes by directly binding to the ACAAT motif of desmosomal genes promoter region and activating their transcription in lung adenocarcinoma. Knockdown of the expression of related desmosomal genes by miRNA significantly attenuated the inhibitory effect of SOX30 on cell proliferation, migration and invasion in vitro and on tumor growth and metastasis in vivo. In addition, knockout of SOX30 promotes lung tumor development and loss the inhibition of desmosomal genes on downstream Wnt and ERK signal in urethane-induced lung carcinogenesis in SOX30-knockout mice. Conclusions Overall, these findings demonstrate for the first time that SOX30 acts as a master switch of desmosomal genes, inhibits lung adenocarcinoma cell proliferation, migration and invasion by activating the transcription of desmosomal genes. This study provides novel insights on the regulatory mechanism of desmosomal genes in lung adenocarcinoma. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13046-018-0778-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianglin Hao
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Han
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Bangjin Ma
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongqiang Chen
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Jiang
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Yin
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenbin Liu
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Ao
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Cao
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinyi Liu
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China.
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26
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Zhang D, Xie D, Lin X, Ma L, Chen J, Zhang D, Wang Y, Duo S, Feng Y, Zheng C, Jiang B, Ning Y, Han C. The transcription factor SOX30 is a key regulator of mouse spermiogenesis. Development 2018; 145:145/11/dev164723. [PMID: 29848638 DOI: 10.1242/dev.164723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The postmeiotic development of male germ cells, also known as spermiogenesis, features the coordinated expression of a large number of spermatid-specific genes. However, only a limited number of key transcription factors have been identified and the underlying regulatory mechanisms remain largely unknown. Here, we report that SOX30, the most-divergent member of the Sry-related high-motility group box (SOX) family of transcription factors, is essential for mouse spermiogenesis. The SOX30 protein was predominantly expressed in spermatids, while its transcription was regulated by retinoic acid and by MYBL1 before and during meiosis. Sox30 knockout mice arrested spermiogenesis at step 3 round spermatids, which underwent apoptosis and abnormal chromocenter formation. We also determined that SOX30 regulated the expression of hundreds of spermatid-specific protein-coding and long non-coding RNA genes. SOX30 bound to the proximal promoter of its own gene and activated its transcription. These results reveal SOX30 as a novel key regulator of spermiogenesis that regulates its own transcription to enforce and activate this meiotic regulatory pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daoqin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Dan Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiwen Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Longfei Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Daoqi Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Yang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Shuguang Duo
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yanmin Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Chunwei Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Binjie Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yan Ning
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Chunsheng Han
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
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SOX30 Inhibits Tumor Metastasis through Attenuating Wnt-Signaling via Transcriptional and Posttranslational Regulation of β-Catenin in Lung Cancer. EBioMedicine 2018; 31:253-266. [PMID: 29739711 PMCID: PMC6014586 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2018.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2017] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Although high mortality of lung cancer is greatly due to distant metastasis, the mechanism of this metastasis remains unclear. Here, we investigate in lung cancer that SOX30 is sharply under-expressed in metastatic tumors compared with non-metastatic tumors, and suppresses plenty of metastasis related processes or pathways. SOX30 strongly inhibits tumor cell metastasis in vitro and in vivo. Sox30 deficiency promotes lung metastasis in Sox30−/− mice and this uncontrollable lung-metastasis is re-inhibited upon Sox30 re-expression. Mechanistically, SOX30 diminishes Wnt-signaling via directly transcriptional repressing β-catenin or interacting with β-catenin to compete with TCF for binding to β-catenin. The carboxyl-terminus of SOX30 is required for attenuating β-catenin transcriptional activity, whereas the amino-terminus of SOX30 is required for its interaction with β-catenin protein. Enhance of β-catenin attenuates the anti-metastatic role of SOX30. Moreover, Sox30 deficiency promotes tumor metastasis and reduces survival of mice. In addition, nuclear SOX30 expression is closely associated with metastasis and represents a favorable independent prognostic biomarker of lung cancer patients. Altogether, these results highlight an important role and mechanism of SOX30 in lung cancer metastasis, providing a potential therapeutic target for anti-metastasis. SOX30 is closely associated with lung cancer metastasis, and strongly inhibits cancer cell metastasis in vitro and in vivo. SOX30 suppresses cancer metastasis via transcriptional repressing β-catenin or competing with TCF for β-catenin binding. SOX30 deficiency promotes tumor long-distance metastasis and reduces overall survival of mice and lung cancer patients.
The high mortality of lung cancer is largely due to distant-metastases. However, the mechanism of this metastasis remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate that SOX30 strongly inhibits lung cancer metastasis in vitro and in vivo. As an important metastatic suppressor, SOX30 prevents long-distant metastases and causes fine prognosis inhibiting Wnt-signaling via transcriptional repressing β-catenin or competing with TCF for interaction with β-catenin. This study provides useful information for effective therapies against tumor-metastasis. Considering key role of β-catenin in tumor-metastasis and ineffective treatment using inhibitors against β-catenin, it is a potential choice to suppress Wnt/β-catenin activity via targeting the upstream SOX30.
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Roumaud P, Haché J, Martin LJ. Expression profiles of Sox transcription factors within the postnatal rodent testes. Mol Cell Biochem 2018; 447:175-187. [PMID: 29383560 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-018-3302-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
SRY-related box (Sox) transcription factors are conserved among vertebrate species. These proteins regulate multiple processes including sex determination and testis differentiation of the male embryo. Members of the Sox family have been identified in pre- and postnatal testis and are known to play an important role in sex determination (Sry, Sox9), male gonadal development, and fertility (Sox4, Sox8, Sox30). However, their expression profiles per cell types remain elusive. The objectives of this research were to characterize the expression profiles of Sox family members within adult testes using publically available datasets and to determine whether these findings are consistent with literature as well as immunofluorescence and in situ hybridization results. We have found that Sox4, Sox8, Sox9, and Sox12 are highly expressed in Sertoli cells, whereas Sox5, Sox6, and Sox30 were typically expressed in spermatocytes and spermatids. Spermatogonia were characterized by the expressions of Sox3, Sox4, Sox12, Sox13, and Sox18. Hence, these results suggest that Sox transcription factors may play different roles according to cell types of the adult mammalian testis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Roumaud
- Biology Department, Université de Moncton, 18, avenue Antonine Maillet, Moncton, NB, E1A 3E9, Canada
| | - Josée Haché
- Biology Department, Université de Moncton, 18, avenue Antonine Maillet, Moncton, NB, E1A 3E9, Canada
| | - Luc J Martin
- Biology Department, Université de Moncton, 18, avenue Antonine Maillet, Moncton, NB, E1A 3E9, Canada.
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Abstract
Male infertility is a major and growing problem and, in most cases, the specific root cause is unknown. Here we show that the transcription factor SOX30 plays a critical role in mouse spermatogenesis. Sox30-null mice are healthy and females are fertile, but males are sterile. In the absence of Sox30 meiosis initiates normally in both sexes but, in males, germ cell development arrests during the post-meiotic round spermatid period. In the mutant testis, acrosome and axoneme development are aberrant, multinucleated germ cells (symplasts) form and round spermatids unable to process beyond step 3 of spermiogenesis. No elongated spermatids nor spermatozoa are produced. Thus, Sox30 represents a rare example of a gene for which loss of function results in a complete arrest of spermatogenesis at the onset of spermiogenesis. Our results suggest that SOX30 mutations may underlie some instances of unexplained non-obstructive azoospermia in humans.
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30
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Clark EL, Bush SJ, McCulloch MEB, Farquhar IL, Young R, Lefevre L, Pridans C, Tsang HG, Wu C, Afrasiabi C, Watson M, Whitelaw CB, Freeman TC, Summers KM, Archibald AL, Hume DA. A high resolution atlas of gene expression in the domestic sheep (Ovis aries). PLoS Genet 2017; 13:e1006997. [PMID: 28915238 PMCID: PMC5626511 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Revised: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Sheep are a key source of meat, milk and fibre for the global livestock sector, and an important biomedical model. Global analysis of gene expression across multiple tissues has aided genome annotation and supported functional annotation of mammalian genes. We present a large-scale RNA-Seq dataset representing all the major organ systems from adult sheep and from several juvenile, neonatal and prenatal developmental time points. The Ovis aries reference genome (Oar v3.1) includes 27,504 genes (20,921 protein coding), of which 25,350 (19,921 protein coding) had detectable expression in at least one tissue in the sheep gene expression atlas dataset. Network-based cluster analysis of this dataset grouped genes according to their expression pattern. The principle of 'guilt by association' was used to infer the function of uncharacterised genes from their co-expression with genes of known function. We describe the overall transcriptional signatures present in the sheep gene expression atlas and assign those signatures, where possible, to specific cell populations or pathways. The findings are related to innate immunity by focusing on clusters with an immune signature, and to the advantages of cross-breeding by examining the patterns of genes exhibiting the greatest expression differences between purebred and crossbred animals. This high-resolution gene expression atlas for sheep is, to our knowledge, the largest transcriptomic dataset from any livestock species to date. It provides a resource to improve the annotation of the current reference genome for sheep, presenting a model transcriptome for ruminants and insight into gene, cell and tissue function at multiple developmental stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily L. Clark
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen J. Bush
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Mary E. B. McCulloch
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Iseabail L. Farquhar
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel Young
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Lucas Lefevre
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Clare Pridans
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Hiu G. Tsang
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Chunlei Wu
- Department of Integrative and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | - Cyrus Afrasiabi
- Department of Integrative and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | - Mick Watson
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - C. Bruce Whitelaw
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Tom C. Freeman
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Kim M. Summers
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
- Mater Research Institute and University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Alan L. Archibald
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - David A. Hume
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
- Mater Research Institute and University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
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MicroRNA-645 is an oncogenic regulator in colon cancer. Oncogenesis 2017; 6:e335. [PMID: 28504690 PMCID: PMC5523070 DOI: 10.1038/oncsis.2017.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Revised: 01/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite advances in early diagnosis and the development of molecularly targeted therapy, curative treatment of colon cancer once it has metastasized is yet to be accomplished. This is closely associated with deregulated CRC cell proliferation and resistance to apoptosis. Here we reveal that upregulation of microRNA-645 (miR-645) through DNA copy number gain is responsible for enhanced proliferation and resistance to apoptosis in colon cancer. MiR-645 was upregulated in most colon cancer tissues related to adjacent normal mucosa. This appeared to be associated with amplification of a section of chromosome 20q13.13, where miR-645 is located. Inhibition of miR-645 reduced proliferation and enhanced sensitivity to apoptosis triggered by the chemotherapeutic drugs 5-fluorouracil and cisplatin in CRC cells, and retarded colon cancer xenograft growth. Conversely, overexpression of miR-645 in normal colon epithelial cells enhanced proliferation and triggered anchorage-independent cell growth. Although SRY-related HMG-box 30 (SOX30) was identified as a miR-645 target, its expression was only partially affected by miR-645, suggesting that miR-645 is a fine-tuning mechanism of SOX30 expression. Moreover, overexpression of SOX30 only moderately inhibited promotion of CRC cell proliferation by miR-645, indicating that miR-645 may have more targets that contribute to its pro-proliferation effect in colon cancer. Together, this study reveals that miR-645 can regulate oncogenesis in colon cancer with SOX30 being one of its targets.
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Sex Change in Clownfish: Molecular Insights from Transcriptome Analysis. Sci Rep 2016; 6:35461. [PMID: 27748421 PMCID: PMC5066260 DOI: 10.1038/srep35461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sequential hermaphroditism is a unique reproductive strategy among teleosts that is displayed mainly in fish species living in the coral reef environment. The reproductive biology of hermaphrodites has long been intriguing; however, very little is known about the molecular pathways underlying their sex change. Here, we provide the first de novo transcriptome analyses of a hermaphrodite teleost´s undergoing sex change in its natural environment. Our study has examined relative gene expression across multiple groups-rather than just two contrasting conditions- and has allowed us to explore the differential expression patterns throughout the whole process. Our analysis has highlighted the rapid and complex genomic response of the brain associated with sex change, which is subsequently transmitted to the gonads, identifying a large number of candidate genes, some well-known and some novel, involved in the process. The present study provides strong evidence of the importance of the sex steroidogenic machinery during sex change in clownfish, with the aromatase gene playing a central role, both in the brain and the gonad. This work constitutes the first genome-wide study in a social sex-changing species and provides insights into the genetic mechanism governing social sex change and gonadal restructuring in protandrous hermaphrodites.
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33
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Liu ZQ, Jiang XH, Qi HY, Xiong LW, Qiu GF. A novel SoxB2 gene is required for maturation of sperm nucleus during spermiogenesis in the Chinese mitten crab, Eriocheir sinensis. Sci Rep 2016; 6:32139. [PMID: 27561408 PMCID: PMC4999818 DOI: 10.1038/srep32139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
SRY-related HMG box (Sox) genes are characterized by the presence of a DNA-binding HMG domain and involved in a diverse range of developmental processes. In this study, we identified a novel Sox gene, designated as EsSoxB2-1, from the Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis. The EsSoxB2-1 encodes a protein of 259 amino acids, sharing the highest identity with the beetle Tribolium castaneum SOX21b. Unlike insect Sox21b, however, EsSoxB2-1 is intronless and exhibits a gonad-specific expression pattern at both mRNA and protein level. Two core promoters in 5′ flanking region were demonstrated to be essential for inducing transcriptional regulatory activity. The transcription of EsSoxB2-1 mRNA begins in spermatogonia stage, while the translation of EsSOXB2-1 protein initiates at spermiogenesis stage. Interestingly, EsSOXB2-1 protein was exclusively localized in the nucleus of spermatid and spermatozoa even at the end of acrosome reaction, and was bound to the uncondensed chromatin in nucleoplasm of mature spermatozoa. Knockdown of EsSoxB2-1 by RNAi leads to abnormal transformation of the nucleus during spermiogenesis. Together, these findings demonstrated the requirement of EsSoxB2-1 for the spermatozoa nucleus maturation and also suggested that EsSoxB2-1 would be delivered into fertilized eggs along with chromatins as a paternal transcription factor for regulating early embryonic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Qiang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources Certificated by Ministry of Education, College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, 999 Hucheng Huan Road, Shanghai, 201306, P. R. China
| | - Xue-Hui Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources Certificated by Ministry of Education, College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, 999 Hucheng Huan Road, Shanghai, 201306, P. R. China
| | - Hai-Yan Qi
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources Certificated by Ministry of Education, College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, 999 Hucheng Huan Road, Shanghai, 201306, P. R. China
| | - Liang-Wei Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources Certificated by Ministry of Education, College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, 999 Hucheng Huan Road, Shanghai, 201306, P. R. China
| | - Gao-Feng Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources Certificated by Ministry of Education, College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, 999 Hucheng Huan Road, Shanghai, 201306, P. R. China
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34
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Genome-Wide Identification and Transcriptome-Based Expression Profiling of the Sox Gene Family in the Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:270. [PMID: 26907269 PMCID: PMC4813134 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17030270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Revised: 02/06/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The Sox transcription factor family is characterized with the presence of a Sry-related high-mobility group (HMG) box and plays important roles in various biological processes in animals, including sex determination and differentiation, and the development of multiple organs. In this study, 27 Sox genes were identified in the genome of the Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), and were classified into seven groups. The members of each group of the tilapia Sox genes exhibited a relatively conserved exon-intron structure. Comparative analysis showed that the Sox gene family has undergone an expansion in tilapia and other teleost fishes following their whole genome duplication, and group K only exists in teleosts. Transcriptome-based analysis demonstrated that most of the tilapia Sox genes presented stage-specific and/or sex-dimorphic expressions during gonadal development, and six of the group B Sox genes were specifically expressed in the adult brain. Our results provide a better understanding of gene structure and spatio-temporal expression of the Sox gene family in tilapia, and will be useful for further deciphering the roles of the Sox genes during sex determination and gonadal development in teleosts.
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35
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Han F, Liu W, Xiao H, Dong Y, Sun L, Mao C, Yin L, Jiang X, Ao L, Cui Z, Cao J, Liu J. High expression of SOX30 is associated with favorable survival in human lung adenocarcinoma. Sci Rep 2015; 5:13630. [PMID: 26330328 PMCID: PMC4557060 DOI: 10.1038/srep13630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In our previous study, we had identified SOX30 as a novel tumor suppressor that acts through direct regulation of p53 transcription in human lung cancer. Here, we sought to determine the clinical relevance of SOX30 expression in a series of surgically-resected non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Analysis of SOX30 expression and clinico-pathologic features reveal a significant correlation of SOX30 expression with histological type (n = 220, P = 0.008) and clinical stage (n = 220, P = 0.024). Kaplan-Meier analysis indicates an association of high SOX30 expression with better prognosis in NSCLC patients (n = 220, P = 0.007). Via multivariate Cox-regression analysis, SOX30 expression is revealed to be an independent prognostic factor for overall survival (OS) of NSCLC patients (n = 220, P = 0.014, hazard ratio (HR) = 0.816). In particular, SOX30 is a favorable and independent prognostic factor in one main subtype of NSCLC, lung adenocarcinoma (ADC) patients (n = 150, P = 0.000, HR = 0.405), but not in another main subtype of NSCLC, squamous cell carcinoma patients. Furthermore, high expression of SOX30 represents a favorable and independent factor for the prognosis of ADC patients at clinical stage II (P = 0.013), with positive lymph node (P = 0.003), at histological grade 2 (P = 0.000) or grade 3 (P = 0.025). In summary, SOX30 expression represents an important prognostic factor for survival time in ADC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Han
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University.,Key Laboratory of Medical Protection for Electromagnetic Radiation, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing 400038, PR China
| | - Wenbin Liu
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University.,Key Laboratory of Medical Protection for Electromagnetic Radiation, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing 400038, PR China
| | - Hualiang Xiao
- Department of Pathology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yan Dong
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University.,Key Laboratory of Medical Protection for Electromagnetic Radiation, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing 400038, PR China
| | - Lei Sun
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University.,Key Laboratory of Medical Protection for Electromagnetic Radiation, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing 400038, PR China
| | - Chengyi Mao
- Department of Pathology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Yin
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University.,Key Laboratory of Medical Protection for Electromagnetic Radiation, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing 400038, PR China
| | - Xiao Jiang
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University.,Key Laboratory of Medical Protection for Electromagnetic Radiation, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing 400038, PR China
| | - Lin Ao
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University.,Key Laboratory of Medical Protection for Electromagnetic Radiation, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing 400038, PR China
| | - Zhihong Cui
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University.,Key Laboratory of Medical Protection for Electromagnetic Radiation, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing 400038, PR China
| | - Jia Cao
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University.,Key Laboratory of Medical Protection for Electromagnetic Radiation, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing 400038, PR China
| | - Jinyi Liu
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University.,Key Laboratory of Medical Protection for Electromagnetic Radiation, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing 400038, PR China
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36
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She ZY, Yang WX. SOX family transcription factors involved in diverse cellular events during development. Eur J Cell Biol 2015; 94:547-63. [PMID: 26340821 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2015.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2015] [Revised: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In metazoa, SOX family transcription factors play many diverse roles. In vertebrate, they are well-known regulators of numerous developmental processes. Wide-ranging studies have demonstrated the co-expression of SOX proteins in various developing tissues and that they occur in an overlapping manner and show functional redundancy. In particular, studies focusing on the HMG box of SOX proteins have revealed that the HMG box regulates DNA-binding properties, and mediates both the nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of SOX proteins and their physical interactions with partner proteins. Posttranslational modifications are further implicated in the regulation of the transcriptional activities of SOX proteins. In this review, we discuss the underlying molecular mechanisms involved in the SOX-partner factor interactions and the functional modes of SOX-partner complexes during development. We particularly emphasize the representative roles of the SOX group proteins in major tissues during developmental and physiological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Yu She
- The Sperm Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yu Hang Tang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Wan-Xi Yang
- The Sperm Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yu Hang Tang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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37
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Petit FG, Kervarrec C, Jamin SP, Smagulova F, Hao C, Becker E, Jégou B, Chalmel F, Primig M. Combining RNA and protein profiling data with network interactions identifies genes associated with spermatogenesis in mouse and human. Biol Reprod 2015; 92:71. [PMID: 25609838 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.114.126250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide RNA profiling studies have identified hundreds of transcripts that are highly expressed in mammalian male germ cells, including many that are undetectable in somatic control tissues. Among them, genes important for spermatogenesis are significantly enriched. Information about mRNAs and their cognate proteins facilitates the identification of novel conserved target genes for functional studies in the mouse. By inspecting genome-wide RNA profiling data, we manually selected 81 genes for which RNA is detected almost exclusively in the human male germline and, in most cases, in rodent testicular germ cells. We observed corresponding mRNA/protein patterns in 43 cases using immunohistochemical data from the Human Protein Atlas and large-scale human protein profiling data obtained via mass spectroscopy. Protein network information enabled us to establish an interaction map of 38 proteins that points to potentially important testicular roles for some of them. We further characterized six candidate genes at the protein level in the mouse. We conclude that conserved genes induced in testis tend to show similar mRNA/protein expression patterns across species. Specifically, our results suggest roles during embryogenesis and adult spermatogenesis for Foxr1 and Sox30 and during spermiogenesis and fertility for Fam71b, 1700019N19Rik, Hmgb4, and Zfp597.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Soazik P Jamin
- Inserm U1085-IRSET, Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France
| | | | - Chunxiang Hao
- Inserm U1085-IRSET, Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France
| | | | - Bernard Jégou
- Inserm U1085-IRSET, Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France EHESP-School of Public Health, Rennes, France
| | | | - Michael Primig
- Inserm U1085-IRSET, Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France EHESP-School of Public Health, Rennes, France
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38
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SOX30, a novel epigenetic silenced tumor suppressor, promotes tumor cell apoptosis by transcriptional activating p53 in lung cancer. Oncogene 2014; 34:4391-402. [PMID: 25435374 PMCID: PMC4541146 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2014.370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Revised: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 10/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Although members of SOX family have been well documented for their essential roles in embryonic development, cell proliferation and disease, the functional role and molecular mechanism of SOX30 in cancer are largely unexplored. Here, we first identified SRY-box containing gene 30 (SOX30) as a novel preferentially methylated gene using genome-wide methylation screening. SOX30 hypermethylation was detected in 100% of lung cancer cell lines (9/9) and 70.83% (85/120) of primary lung tumor tissues compared with none (0/20) of normal and 8.0% (2/25) of peri-tumoral lung tissues (P<0.01). SOX30 was expressed in normal and peri-tumoral lung tissues in which SOX30 was unmethylated, but was silenced or downregulated in lung cancer cell lines and primary lung tumor tissues harboring a hypermethylated SOX30. De-methylation experiments further confirmed that silence of SOX30 was regulated by its hypermethylation. Ectopic expression of SOX30 induces cancer cell apoptosis with inhibiting proliferation in vitro and represses tumor formation in vivo, whereas knockdown of SOX30 demonstrates a reversed effect both in vitro and in vivo. At the molecular level, the antitumorigenic effect of SOX30 is mediated by directly binding to CACTTTG (+115 to +121) of p53 promoter region and activating p53 transcription, suggesting that SOX30 is a novel transcriptional activating factor of p53. Indeed, blockade of p53 attenuates the tumor inhibition of SOX30. Overall, these findings demonstrate that SOX30 is a novel epigenetic silenced tumor suppressor acting through direct regulation of p53 transcription and expression. This study provides novel insights on the mechanism of tumorigenesis in lung cancer.
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39
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Abdelalim EM, Emara MM, Kolatkar PR. The SOX Transcription Factors as Key Players in Pluripotent Stem Cells. Stem Cells Dev 2014; 23:2687-99. [DOI: 10.1089/scd.2014.0297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Essam M. Abdelalim
- Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Qatar Foundation, Education City, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mohamed M. Emara
- Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Qatar Foundation, Education City, Doha, Qatar
| | - Prasanna R. Kolatkar
- Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Qatar Foundation, Education City, Doha, Qatar
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40
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Genomic analysis of the Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) reveals possible conservation of vertebrate sex determination in a mollusc. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2014; 4:2207-17. [PMID: 25213692 PMCID: PMC4232546 DOI: 10.1534/g3.114.013904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Despite the prevalence of sex in animal kingdom, we have only limited understanding of how sex is determined and evolved in many taxa. The mollusc Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas exhibits complex modes of sexual reproduction that consists of protandric dioecy, sex change, and occasional hermaphroditism. This complex system is controlled by both environmental and genetic factors through unknown molecular mechanisms. In this study, we investigated genes related to sex-determining pathways in C. gigas through transcriptome sequencing and analysis of female and male gonads. Our analysis identified or confirmed novel homologs in the oyster of key sex-determining genes (SoxH or Sry-like and FoxL2) that were thought to be vertebrate-specific. Their expression profile in C. gigas is consistent with conserved roles in sex determination, under a proposed model where a novel testis-determining CgSoxH may serve as a primary regulator, directly or indirectly interacting with a testis-promoting CgDsx and an ovary-promoting CgFoxL2. Our findings plus previous results suggest that key vertebrate sex-determining genes such as Sry and FoxL2 may not be inventions of vertebrates. The presence of such genes in a mollusc with expression profiles consistent with expected roles in sex determination suggest that sex determination may be deeply conserved in animals, despite rapid evolution of the regulatory pathways that in C. gigas may involve both genetic and environmental factors.
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Epigenetic regulation of sox30 is associated with testis development in mice. PLoS One 2014; 9:e97203. [PMID: 24810894 PMCID: PMC4014610 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0097203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2014] [Accepted: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation is involved in tissue-specific and developmentally regulated gene expression. Here, we screened a novel methylation gene Sox30, whose methylation might contribute to its regulation and testis development in mice. Sox30 is a member of Sox transcription factors, and is considered to be involved in spermatogonial differentiation and spermatogenesis. However, the precise function and regulatory expression pattern remain unclear. In the present study, we found that Sox30 is highly expressed in adult testes but not in ovaries. Sox30 expression begins in early development, and in the testes, it is specifically increased coincidentally with development until adulthood. Moreover, Sox30 is expressed not only in testis germ cells, but also in sertoli cells. Sox30 is hypo-methylated in testis, epididymis and lung of adult mice, in which Sox30 is expressed. By contrast, Sox30 is hypermethylated in ovary, heart, brain, liver, kidney, spleen, pancreas, muscle, intestine, pituitary gland, blood and hippocampus of adult mice, in which the Sox30 is absent. Importantly, decreased methylation at CpG islands of Sox30 is observed in mouse developmental testes after birth, which is associated with enhanced Sox30 expression. However, the hypermethylated status of Sox30 is maintained in ovaries that does not express Sox30 during this period. Further, following demethylation treatment using 5-aza-dC, Sox30 expression is restored in GC2, TM3 and TM4 cell lines. This observation convincingly confirms that methylation really contributes to Sox30 silencing. In summary, we show that Sox30 expression is under the control of DNA methylation status, and this expression pattern is associated with testis development in mice.
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Kamachi Y, Kondoh H. Sox proteins: regulators of cell fate specification and differentiation. Development 2013; 140:4129-44. [PMID: 24086078 DOI: 10.1242/dev.091793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 411] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Sox transcription factors play widespread roles during development; however, their versatile funtions have a relatively simple basis: the binding of a Sox protein alone to DNA does not elicit transcriptional activation or repression, but requires binding of a partner transcription factor to an adjacent site on the DNA. Thus, the activity of a Sox protein is dependent upon the identity of its partner factor and the context of the DNA sequence to which it binds. In this Primer, we provide an mechanistic overview of how Sox family proteins function, as a paradigm for transcriptional regulation of development involving multi-transcription factor complexes, and we discuss how Sox factors can thus regulate diverse processes during development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Kamachi
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, 1-3 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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Merker JD, Roskin KM, Ng D, Pan C, Fisk DG, King JJ, Hoh R, Stadler M, Okumoto LM, Abidi P, Hewitt R, Jones CD, Gojenola L, Clark MJ, Zhang B, Cherry AM, George TI, Snyder M, Boyd SD, Zehnder JL, Fire AZ, Gotlib J. Comprehensive whole-genome sequencing of an early-stage primary myelofibrosis patient defines low mutational burden and non-recurrent candidate genes. Haematologica 2013; 98:1689-96. [PMID: 23872309 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2013.092379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to identify novel somatic mutations associated with classic BCR/ABL1-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms, we performed high-coverage genome sequencing of DNA from peripheral blood granulocytes and cultured skin fibroblasts from a patient with MPL W515K-positive primary myelofibrosis. The primary myelofibrosis genome had a low somatic mutation rate, consistent with that observed in similar hematopoietic tumor genomes. Interfacing of whole-genome DNA sequence data with RNA expression data identified three somatic mutations of potential functional significance: i) a nonsense mutation in CARD6, implicated in modulation of NF-kappaB activation; ii) a 19-base pair deletion involving a potential regulatory region in the 5'-untranslated region of BRD2, implicated in transcriptional regulation and cell cycle control; and iii) a non-synonymous point mutation in KIAA0355, an uncharacterized protein. Additional mutations in three genes (CAP2, SOX30, and MFRP) were also evident, albeit with no support for expression at the RNA level. Re-sequencing of these six genes in 178 patients with polycythemia vera, essential thrombocythemia, and myelofibrosis did not identify recurrent somatic mutations in these genes. Finally, we describe methods for reducing false-positive variant calls in the analysis of hematologic malignancies with a low somatic mutation rate. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT01108159).
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Struckmann S, Esch D, Schöler H, Fuellen G. Visualization and exploration of conserved regulatory modules using ReXSpecies 2. BMC Evol Biol 2011; 11:267. [PMID: 21942985 PMCID: PMC3203875 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2148-11-267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2011] [Accepted: 09/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The prediction of transcription factor binding sites is difficult for many reasons. Thus, filtering methods are needed to enrich for biologically relevant (true positive) matches in the large amount of computational predictions that are frequently generated from promoter sequences. Results ReXSpecies 2 filters predictions of transcription factor binding sites and generates a set of figures displaying them in evolutionary context. More specifically, it uses position specific scoring matrices to search for motifs that specify transcription factor binding sites. It removes redundant matches and filters the remaining matches by the phylogenetic group that the matrices belong to. It then identifies potential transcriptional modules, and generates figures that highlight such modules, taking evolution into consideration. Module formation, scoring by evolutionary criteria and visual clues reduce the amount of predictions to a manageable scale. Identification of transcription factor binding sites of particular functional importance is left to expert filtering. ReXSpecies 2 interacts with genome browsers to enable scientists to filter predictions together with other sequence-related data. Conclusions Based on ReXSpecies 2, we derive plausible hypotheses about the regulation of pluripotency. Our tool is designed to analyze transcription factor binding site predictions considering their common pattern of occurrence, highlighting their evolutionary history.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Struckmann
- University of Rostock, Institute for Biostatistics and Informatics in Medicine and Ageing Research, Heydemannstrasse 8, 18057 Rostock, Germany.
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Cui J, Shen X, Zhao H, Nagahama Y. Genome-Wide Analysis of Sox Genes in Medaka (Oryzias latipes) and Their Expression Pattern in Embryonic Development. Cytogenet Genome Res 2011; 134:283-94. [DOI: 10.1159/000329480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/22/2011] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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Multiple Sox genes are expressed in stem cells or in differentiating neuro-sensory cells in the hydrozoan Clytia hemisphaerica. EvoDevo 2011; 2:12. [PMID: 21631916 PMCID: PMC3120710 DOI: 10.1186/2041-9139-2-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2011] [Accepted: 06/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Sox genes are important regulators of animal development belonging to the HMG domain-containing class of transcription factors. Studies in bilaterian models have notably highlighted their pivotal role in controlling progression along cell lineages, various Sox family members being involved at one side or the other of the critical balance between self-renewing stem cells/proliferating progenitors, and cells undergoing differentiation. Results We have investigated the expression of 10 Sox genes in the cnidarian Clytia hemisphaerica. Our phylogenetic analyses allocated most of these Clytia genes to previously-identified Sox groups: SoxB (CheSox2, CheSox3, CheSox10, CheSox13, CheSox14), SoxC (CheSox12), SoxE (CheSox1, CheSox5) and SoxF (CheSox11), one gene (CheSox15) remaining unclassified. In the planula larva and in the medusa, the SoxF orthologue was expressed throughout the endoderm. The other genes were expressed either in stem cells/undifferentiated progenitors, or in differentiating (-ed) cells with a neuro-sensory identity (nematocytes or neurons). In addition, most of them were expressed in the female germline, with their maternal transcripts either localised to the animal region of the egg, or homogeneously distributed. Conclusions Comparison with other cnidarians, ctenophores and bilaterians suggest ancient evolutionary conservation of some aspects of gene expression/function at the Sox family level: (i) many Sox genes are expressed in stem cells and/or undifferentiated progenitors; (ii) other genes, or the same under different contexts, are associated with neuro-sensory cell differentiation; (iii) Sox genes are commonly expressed in the germline; (iv) SoxF group genes are associated with endodermal derivatives. Strikingly, total lack of correlation between a given Sox orthology group and expression/function in stem cells/progenitors vs. in differentiating cells implies that Sox genes can easily switch from one side to the other of the balance between these fundamental cellular states in the course of evolution.
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Laronda MM, Jameson JL. Sox3 functions in a cell-autonomous manner to regulate spermatogonial differentiation in mice. Endocrinology 2011; 152:1606-15. [PMID: 21248142 PMCID: PMC3060639 DOI: 10.1210/en.2010-1249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The X-linked Sox3 gene encodes a member of the Sry high-mobility group box proteins, which play a role in many developmental processes including neurogenesis and testis development. This study further examined the role of Sox3 in spermatogenesis. Males without Sox3 expression exhibited a similar number of germ cell nuclear antigen-positive germ cells at 1, 5, and 10 d postpartum (dpp) compared to their wild-type littermates, but there was significant germ cell depletion by 20 dpp. However, spermatogenesis later resumed and postmeiotic germ cells were observed by 56 dpp. The VasaCre transgene was used to generate a germ cell-specific deletion of Sox3. The phenotype of the germ cell-specific Sox3 knockout was similar to the ubiquitous knockout, indicating an intrinsic role for Sox3 in germ cells. The residual germ cells in 20 dpp Sox3(-/Y) males were spermatogonia as indicated by their expression of neurogenin3 but not synaptonemal complex protein 3, which is expressed within cells undergoing meiosis. RNA expression analyses corroborated the histological analyses and revealed a gradual transition from relatively increased expression of spermatogonia genes at 20 dpp to near normal expression of genes characteristic of undifferentiated and meiotic germ cells by 84 dpp. Fluorescent-activated cell sorting of undifferentiated (ret tyrosine kinase receptor positive) and differentiated (kit receptor tyrosine kinase-positive) spermatogonia revealed depletion of differentiated spermatogonia in Sox3(-/Y) tubules. These results indicate that Sox3 functions in an intrinsic manner to promote differentiation of spermatogonia in prepubertal mice but it is not required for ongoing spermatogenesis in adults. The Sox3(-/Y) males provide a unique model for studying the mechanism of germ cell differentiation in prepubertal testes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica M Laronda
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, 420 East Superior Street, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
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Han F, Wang Z, Wu F, Liu Z, Huang B, Wang D. Characterization, phylogeny, alternative splicing and expression of Sox30 gene. BMC Mol Biol 2010; 11:98. [PMID: 21143990 PMCID: PMC3004900 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2199-11-98] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2010] [Accepted: 12/11/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Members of the Sox gene family isolated from both vertebrates and invertebrates have been proved to participate in a wide variety of developmental processes, including sex determination and differentiation. Among these members, Sox30 had been considered to exist only in mammals since its discovery, and its exact function remains unclear. RESULTS Sox30 cDNA was cloned from the Nile tilapia by RT-PCR and RACE. Screening of available genome and EST databases and phylogenetic analysis showed that Sox30 also exists in non-mammalian vertebrates and invertebrates, which was further supported by synteny analyses. Tissue expression in human, mouse and tilapia suggested that Sox30 was probably a gonad-specific gene, which was also supported by the fact that Sox30 EST sequences were obtained from gonads of the animal species. In addition, four alternatively spliced isoforms were isolated from tilapia gonad. Their temporal and spatial expression patterns during normal and sex reversed gonadal development were investigated by RT-PCR and in situ hybridization. Our data suggest that expressions of Sox30 isoforms are related to stage and phenotypic-sex, observed in the germ cells of male gonad and in somatic cells of the female gonad. CONCLUSIONS Sox30 is not a gene only existed in mammals, but exists widely throughout the animal kingdom as supported by our bioinformatic, phylogenetic and syntenic analyses. It is very likely that Sox30 is expressed exclusively in gonads. Expression analyses revealed that Sox30 may be involved in female and male gonadal development at different stages by alternative splicing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Han
- Southwest University, Chongqing, PR China
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Overexpression a novel zebra fish spermatogenesis-associated gene 17 (SPATA17) induces apoptosis in GC-1 cells. Mol Biol Rep 2010; 38:3945-52. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-010-0511-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2010] [Accepted: 11/13/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Hermo L, Pelletier RM, Cyr DG, Smith CE. Surfing the wave, cycle, life history, and genes/proteins expressed by testicular germ cells. Part 4: intercellular bridges, mitochondria, nuclear envelope, apoptosis, ubiquitination, membrane/voltage-gated channels, methylation/acetylation, and transcription factors. Microsc Res Tech 2010; 73:364-408. [PMID: 19941288 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.20785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
As germ cells divide and differentiate from spermatogonia to spermatozoa, they share a number of structural and functional features that are common to all generations of germ cells and these features are discussed herein. Germ cells are linked to one another by large intercellular bridges which serve to move molecules and even large organelles from the cytoplasm of one cell to another. Mitochondria take on different shapes and features and topographical arrangements to accommodate their specific needs during spermatogenesis. The nuclear envelope and pore complex also undergo extensive modifications concomitant with the development of germ cell generations. Apoptosis is an event that is normally triggered by germ cells and involves many proteins. It occurs to limit the germ cell pool and acts as a quality control mechanism. The ubiquitin pathway comprises enzymes that ubiquitinate as well as deubiquitinate target proteins and this pathway is present and functional in germ cells. Germ cells express many proteins involved in water balance and pH control as well as voltage-gated ion channel movement. In the nucleus, proteins undergo epigenetic modifications which include methylation, acetylation, and phosphorylation, with each of these modifications signaling changes in chromatin structure. Germ cells contain specialized transcription complexes that coordinate the differentiation program of spermatogenesis, and there are many male germ cell-specific differences in the components of this machinery. All of the above features of germ cells will be discussed along with the specific proteins/genes and abnormalities to fertility related to each topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Hermo
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, 3640 University Street, Montreal, QC Canada H3A 2B2.
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