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du Prel JB, Koscec Bjelajac A, Franić Z, Henftling L, Brborović H, Schernhammer E, McElvenny DM, Merisalu E, Pranjic N, Guseva Canu I, Godderis L. The Relationship Between Work-Related Stress and Depression: A Scoping Review. Public Health Rev 2024; 45:1606968. [PMID: 38751606 PMCID: PMC11094281 DOI: 10.3389/phrs.2024.1606968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives Work-related stress is highly prevalent. Recent systematic reviews concluded on a significant association between common work-related stress measures and depression. Our scoping review aims to explore whether work-related psychosocial stress is generally associated with depression or depressiveness, the extent and methodology of the primary research undertaken on this topic and to elucidate inconsistencies or gaps in knowledge. Methods We searched for literature in Pubmed, PsycInfo and Web of Science including full reports in seven languages published between 1999 and 2022 and applied the PRISMA statement for scoping reviews criteria. Results Of 463 primarily identified articles, 125 were retained after abstract and full-text screening. The majority report significant associations between work-related stress and depression. Cross-sectional studies are most prevalent. Sufficient evidence exists only for job strain and effort-reward imbalance. Most studies are from Asia, North America and Europe. The health sector is the most studied. Several research gaps such as the lack of interventional studies were identified. Conclusion The consistency of most studies on the significant association between work-related stress and depression is remarkable. More studies are needed to improve evidence and to close research gaps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Baptist du Prel
- Department of Occupational Health Science, University of Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | | | - Zrinka Franić
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Lorena Henftling
- Department of Occupational Health Science, University of Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Hana Brborović
- University of Zagreb, School of Medicine, Andrija Štampar School of Public Health, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Eva Schernhammer
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Damien M. McElvenny
- Research Group, Institute of Occupational Medicine, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Centre for Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Eda Merisalu
- Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Nurka Pranjic
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tuzla, Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Irina Guseva Canu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Unisanté, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lode Godderis
- Department of Primary Care and Public Health, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- IDEWE, External Service for Prevention and Protection at Work, Heverlee, Belgium
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Surawattanasakul V, Kiratipaisarl W, Siviroj P. Burnout and Quality of Work Life among Physicians during Internships in Public Hospitals in Thailand. Behav Sci (Basel) 2024; 14:361. [PMID: 38785852 PMCID: PMC11117651 DOI: 10.3390/bs14050361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Physicians are exposed to occupational stress and burnout, which have been identified as contributing to a decrease in the quality of work life (QWL). Thailand's medical education program, consisting of a six-year curriculum with government tuition support followed by three years of internships, provides the context for this investigation. This study aimed to assess the QWL among intern physicians (IPs) in public hospitals and investigated the association between burnout and QWL. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 241 IPs in public hospitals in Thailand utilizing an online self-administered questionnaire. The questionnaire included a Thai version of a 25-item QWL scale and the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Services Survey for Medical Personnel. Data analysis was performed using multivariable logistic regression. A significant proportion of IPs experienced low to moderate QWL (72.6%), with low levels of home-work interface (39.4%) and employee engagement (38.6%). In the exploratory model, after adjusting for sex and age, IPs with high depersonalization and low personal accomplishment demonstrated an association with low QWL (adjusted OR, aOR 2.08, 95% CI 1.01 to 4.31; aOR 2.74, 95% CI 1.40 to 5.39). Healthcare organizations should regularly assess intern physicians' QWL and burnout, prioritizing interventions; ensure reasonable work hours, schedule adjustments, and open communication; and develop support systems for cost-effective interventions. Further research on the dynamic relationship between burnout and QWL is crucial for targeted and culturally sensitive interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vithawat Surawattanasakul
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (V.S.); (W.K.)
- Environmental and Occupational Medicine Excellence Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Wuttipat Kiratipaisarl
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (V.S.); (W.K.)
| | - Penprapa Siviroj
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (V.S.); (W.K.)
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Petrie K, Gayed A, Spittal MJ, Glozier N, Shand F, Harvey SB. Work-related factors and the risk of common mental disorder 1 year later: A prospective cohort study among junior doctors. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 2024; 58:227-237. [PMID: 37933864 DOI: 10.1177/00048674231209843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigated the relationship between work-related factors at baseline and the risk of common mental disorder at 12 month follow-up among a cohort of junior doctors. METHOD The data comprised the junior doctor respondents from two annual waves of the 'Medicine in Australia: Balancing Employment and Life' (MABEL) survey, a national longitudinal cohort of Australian doctors. Individual and work-related risk factors were assessed at baseline and the mental health outcome of caseness of common mental disorder (CMD) was assessed using the 6-item Kessler Psychological Distress Scale at 12-month follow-up. Unadjusted and adjusted logistic regressions were conducted to estimate the association between each baseline variable and the likelihood of CMD caseness at follow-up 1 year later. RESULTS Among 383 junior doctors, 24 (6%) had CMD 1 year later. Five work-related baseline variables were significantly associated with a higher likelihood of CMD 1 year later in adjusted models; lack of social support in work location (odds ratios (OR) = 6.11; 95% confidence intervals (CI) = [2.52, 14.81]), work-life imbalance (OR = 4.50; 95% CI = [1.31, 15.46]), poor peer support network in the workplace (OR = 2.61; 95% CI = [1.08, 6.27]), perceptions of patient expectations (OR = 2.46; 95% CI = [1.06, 5.71]) and total weekly work hours (OR 1.04; 95% CI = [1.01, 1.07]; p = 0.002)in models adjusting for gender. CONCLUSION These results identify key modifiable work-related factors that are associated with junior doctors' future mental health. Our findings suggest the need for a greater focus upon interpersonal factors and work-life balance in multi-level interventions while continuing to address workplace and system-level factors to prevent future mental disorder in junior doctors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Petrie
- Discipline of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Black Dog Institute, University of New South Wales, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Aimee Gayed
- Black Dog Institute, University of New South Wales, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Matthew J Spittal
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Nicholas Glozier
- Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Australian Research Council (ARC) Centre of Excellence for Children and Families over the Life Course, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Fiona Shand
- Black Dog Institute, University of New South Wales, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Samuel B Harvey
- Black Dog Institute, University of New South Wales, Randwick, NSW, Australia
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Núñez-Elvira A. Association between hours of work and subjective well-being. How do physicians compare to lawyers and accountants? PLoS One 2023; 18:e0295797. [PMID: 38100435 PMCID: PMC10723739 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0295797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Analyses of physician well-being typically rely on small and unrepresentative samples. In April 2011, the UK Office for National Statistics incorporated subjective well-being metrics (SWB) into the Annual Population Survey (APS), a well-established survey. This survey includes variables from the labor market, making APS an ideal source for measuring the association between work hours and SWB metrics and comparing among different professionals. Using APS data from 2011/12 to 2014/15, this study examined the association between SWB levels and work hours using multiple linear models for physicians (primary care physicians and hospital doctors), lawyers, and accountants. Of the 11,810 observations, physicians were more satisfied, happier, and less anxious; females were more stressed (10.7%); and age was negatively associated with happiness and satisfaction. Incorporating information on preferences to work more hours (underemployment) did not affect physicians' but worsened the well-being of other professionals (lawyers and accountants). Surveyed physicians were less anxious, happier, and more satisfied than lawyers or accountants before Covid. Although the total work hours did not alter the SWB metrics, overtime hours for other professionals did. Increasing the working hours of underemployed physicians (with appropriate compensation) could be a relatively inexpensive solution to tackle the shortage of health workers in the short run.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Núñez-Elvira
- Institute of Global Health Innovation (IGHI), Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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Wang L, Chen F, Zhang Y, Ye M. Association Between Social Support, and Depressive Symptoms Among Firefighters: The Mediating Role of Negative Coping. Saf Health Work 2023; 14:431-437. [PMID: 38187206 PMCID: PMC10770279 DOI: 10.1016/j.shaw.2023.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Depressive symptoms (DS) can erode physical and mental health; social support (SS) is considered a buffer for DS and a promoter for improving coping and recovery abilities. However, there is almost no research on the mediating role of negative coping (NC) in SS and DS, especially among firefighters. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted among firefighters in Chongqing, China, and the valid data of 407 firefighters were collected through questionnaires distributed on the WeChat platform in 2020. Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS) 26.0 is used for descriptive statistics and correlation analysis. Structural equation modeling was adopted to analyze the association among SS, NC, and DS. The mediation effect is also evaluated. Results Firefighters' detection rate of DS is 23.3%, and when they receive more SS were less likely to develop DS. NC was positively correlated with DS (β = 0.54, p < 0.001) after controlling for SS. Besides, the results of structural equation modeling showed that NC partially mediates the relationship between SS and DS (standard error = 0.039, indirect effects = 0.109, 95% confidence interval: 0.047-0.200 p < 0.001). Conclusion NC has a partial indirect effect between SS and DS among firefighters. SS could not only affect DS directly but also indirect work on it by affecting NC. This discovery will be a novel and meaningful part of the research on the firefighter population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Wang
- College of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, China
| | - Fengqiong Chen
- Chongqing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, China
| | - Yulu Zhang
- College of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, China
| | - Mengliang Ye
- College of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, China
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Eken M, Runciman P, Badenhorst M, Blauwet C, Gouttebarge V, Swartz L, Derman W. Evaluating workforce well-being: an investigation of healthcare professionals' mental health and burnout symptoms at the Tokyo 2020 and Beijing 2022 Paralympic Games. Br J Sports Med 2023; 57:1382-1387. [PMID: 37258063 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2022-106582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the prevalence of symptoms of mental health conditions and burnout of healthcare professionals (HCPs) working during the Tokyo 2020 Paralympic Games and the Beijing 2022 Paralympic Winter Games. METHODS In this cross-sectional, observational study, HCPs working during the Tokyo 2020 and Beijing 2022 Paralympic Games were asked to complete an online, anonymous survey, which included demographic questions and questions regarding mental health symptoms including depression (Patient Health Questionnaire 9-item depression scale) and anxiety (Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item scale) as well as burnout (Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Services Survey: depersonalisation, emotional exhaustion, personal accomplishment). Correlation coefficients (r) were calculated between demographic characteristics and mental health symptoms. RESULTS In total, 256 HCPs (of 857 HCPs; 30%) completed the surveys. Twelve and eight per cent of HCP scores fell within the moderate to severe depression and moderate to severe anxiety categories, respectively. More than 30% reported moderate to high burnout (depersonalisation: 36%; emotional exhaustion: 36%; personal accomplishment: 58%). In addition, thoughts of self-harm and/or suicidality were reported by some HCPs (8%). Weak correlations were observed between age and depression (r=-0.13, p=0.046), anxiety (r=-0.16, p=0.010) and burnout (emotional exhaustion: r=-0.14, p=0.032; personal accomplishment: r=0.27, p<0.001). CONCLUSION Although most HCPs reported good mental health, this study suggests that a subset of HCPs experienced symptoms of depression, anxiety, burnout or thoughts of self-harm during the Tokyo 2020 and Beijing 2022 Paralympic Games. While the generalisability of these findings outside of COVID-19 restrictions should be tested, appropriate guidance and mental health support of HCPs leading up to the Paralympic Games should be prioritised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maaike Eken
- Institute of Sport and Exercise Medicine, Department of Exercise, Sport and Lifestyle Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Phoebe Runciman
- Institute of Sport and Exercise Medicine, Department of Exercise, Sport and Lifestyle Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Marelise Badenhorst
- Sports Performance Research Institute New Zealand (SPRINZ), Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Cheri Blauwet
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital/Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Vincent Gouttebarge
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Section Sports Medicine, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- Amsterdam Collaboration on Health & Safety in Sports (ACHSS), IOC Research Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Musculoskeletal Health, Sports, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Leslie Swartz
- Department of Psychology, Alan Flisher Centre for Public Mental Health, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, Western Cape, South Africa
| | - Wayne Derman
- Institute of Sport and Exercise Medicine, Department of Exercise, Sport and Lifestyle Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
- IOC Research Center, Pretoria, South Africa
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Abd-Elsayed A, Rupp A, D 'Souza RS, Hussain N, Milam AJ, Strand N, Viswanath O, Falowski S, Sayed D, Deer T. Interventional Pain Physician Burnout During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Survey from the American Society of Pain and Neuroscience. Curr Pain Headache Rep 2023:10.1007/s11916-023-01121-6. [PMID: 37395899 DOI: 10.1007/s11916-023-01121-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The study sought to assess the prevalence of physician burnout among interventional pain physicians in 2022. RECENT FINDINGS Physician burnout is major psychosocial and occupational health issue. Prior to the coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, over 60% of physicians reported emotional exhaustion and burnout. Physician burnout was reported to become more prevalent in multiple medical specialties during the COVID-19 pandemic. An 18-question survey was distributed electronically to all ASPN members (n = 7809) in the summer of 2022 to assess demographics, burnout characteristics (e.g., Have you felt burned out due to COVID?), and strategies to cope with burnout and stress (e.g., reached out for mental health assistance). Members were able to complete the survey once and were unable to make changes to their responses once submitted. Descriptive statistics were used to assess the prevalence and severity of physician burnout within the ASPN community. Chi-square tests were used to examine differences in burnout by provider characteristics (age, gender, years practicing, and practice type) with p-values less than 0.05 indicating statistical significance. There were 7809 ASPN members that received the survey email, 164 of those members completed the survey, a response rate of 2.1%. The majority of respondents were male (74.1%, n = 120), 94% were attending physicians (n = 152), and 26% (n = 43) have been in practice for twenty years or longer. Most respondents expressed having experienced burnout during the COVID pandemic (73.5%, n = 119), 21.6% of the sample reported reduced hours and responsibilities during the pandemic, and 6.2% of surveyed physicians quit or retired due to burnout. Nearly half of responders reported negative impacts to their family and social lives as well as personal physical and mental health. A variety of negative (e.g., changes in diet, smoking/vaping) and positive coping strategies (e.g., exercise and training, spiritual enrichment) were employed in response to stress and burnout; 33.5% felt they should or had reached out for mental health assistance and suicidal ideations were expressed in 6.2% due to burnout. A high percentage of interventional pain physicians continue to experience mental symptoms that may lead to risk for significant issues going forward. Our findings should be interpreted with caution based on the low response rate. Evaluation of burnout should be incorporated into annual assessments given issues of survey fatigue and low survey response rates. Interventions and strategies to address burnout are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa Abd-Elsayed
- Department of Anesthesia, Division of Pain Medicine, School of Medicine & Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.
| | - Adam Rupp
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Medical Center, University of Kansas, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Ryan S D 'Souza
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Nasir Hussain
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Ohio State University, Wexner Medical Center, Colombus, OH, USA
| | - Adam J Milam
- Division of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ, 85054, USA
| | - Natalie Strand
- Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Pain Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Omar Viswanath
- Department of Anesthesiology, Creighton University School of Medicine, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Steven Falowski
- Neurosurgical Associates of Lancaster, Lancaster, PA, 17601, USA
| | - Dawood Sayed
- Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Pain Medicine, Medical Center, University of Kansas, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Timothy Deer
- The Spine & Nerve Centers of the Virginias, Charleston, WV, USA
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Rosta J, Rø KI. Changes in weekly working hours, proportion of doctors with hours above the limitations of European Working Time Directive (EWTD) and time spent on direct patient care for doctors in Norway from 2016 to 2019: a study based on repeated surveys. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e069331. [PMID: 37349097 PMCID: PMC10314479 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-069331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To compare the total weekly working hours, proportions with work hours above the limitations of European working time directive (EWTD) and time spent on direct patient care in 2016 and 2019 for doctors working in different job positions in Norway. DESIGN Repeated postal surveys in 2016 and 2019. SETTING Norway. PARTICIPANTS Representative samples of doctors; the response rates were 73.1% (1604/2195) in 2016 and 72.5% (1511/2084) in 2019. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Self-reported weekly working hours, proportions with hours above the limitations of EWTD defined as >48 hours/week and time spent on direct patient care. ANALYSES Linear mixed models with estimated marginal means and proportions. RESULTS From 2016 to 2019, the weekly working hours increased significantly for male general practitioners (GPs) (48.7 hours to 50.9 hours) and male hospital doctors in leading positions (48.2 hours to 50.5 hours), and significantly decreased for female specialists in private practice (48.6 hours to 44.9 hours). The proportion of time spent on direct patient care was noted to be similar between genders and over time. In 2019, it was higher for specialists in private practice (66.4%) and GPs (65.5%) than for doctors in other positions, such as senior hospital consultants (43.5%), specialty registrars (39.8%) and hospital doctors in leading positions (34.3%). Working >48 hours/week increased significantly for both male and female GPs (m: 45.2% to 57.7%; f: 27.8% to 47.0%) and hospital doctors in leading positions (m: 34.4% to 57.1%; f: 17.4% to 46.4%), while it significantly decreased for female specialty registrars (13.2% to 6.9%). CONCLUSIONS Working hours increased significantly for GPs and hospital doctors in leading positions from 2016 to 2019, resulting in increased proportions of doctors with work hours above the EWTD. As work hours above the EWTD can be harmful for health personnel and for safety at work, initiatives to reduce long working weeks are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Rosta
- Institute for Studies of the Medical Profession, Oslo, Norway
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Lu Y, Li Z, Chen Q, Fan Y, Wang J, Ye Y, Chen Y, Zhong T, Wang L, Xiao Y, Zhang D, Yu X. Association of working hours and cumulative fatigue among Chinese primary health care professionals. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1193942. [PMID: 37304083 PMCID: PMC10247995 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1193942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The association between long working hours and cumulative fatigue is widely acknowledged in the literature. However, there are few studies on the mediating effect of working hours on cumulative fatigue using occupational stress as a mediating variable. The present study aimed at investigating the mediating role of occupational stress in the relationship between working hours and cumulative fatigue in a sample of 1,327 primary health care professionals. Methods The Core Occupational Stress Scale and the Workers' Fatigue Accumulation Self-Diagnosis Scale were utilized in this study. The mediating effect of occupational stress was examined using hierarchical regression analysis and the Bootstrap test. Results Working hours were positively associated with cumulative fatigue via occupational stress (p < 0.01). Occupational stress was found to partially mediate the relationship between working hours and cumulative fatigue, with a mediating effect of 0.078 (95% CI: 0.043-0.115, p < 0.01), and the percentage of occupational stress mediating effect was 28.3%. Discussion Working hours can be associated with cumulative fatigue either directly or indirectly via occupational stress. As a result, by reducing occupational stress, primary health care professionals may reduce the cumulative fatigue symptoms caused by long hours of work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yushi Lu
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, Macao SAR, China
| | - Zhi Li
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, Macao SAR, China
| | - Qingsong Chen
- School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuting Fan
- School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute of Occupational Health and Poison Control, Beijing, China
| | - Yonghao Ye
- Resproly Pharmaceutical Technology Co. Ltd, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Yongqi Chen
- Resproly Pharmaceutical Technology Co. Ltd, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Tian Zhong
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, Macao SAR, China
| | - Ling Wang
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, Macao SAR, China
| | - Ying Xiao
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, Macao SAR, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Dongmei Zhang
- School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xi Yu
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, Macao SAR, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Jung FU, Luppa M, Riedel-Heller SG. [Physician working hours and effects on health, satisfaction and healthcare]. ZENTRALBLATT FUR ARBEITSMEDIZIN, ARBEITSSCHUTZ UND ERGONOMIE 2023; 73:1-7. [PMID: 37361962 PMCID: PMC10141868 DOI: 10.1007/s40664-023-00503-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Changes in the working environment with respect to innovative working time models are also increasingly affecting patient care. The number of physicians working part-time, for example, is continuously rising. At the same time, a general increase in chronic diseases and multimorbid conditions as well as the growing shortage of medical staff, leads to more workload and dissatisfaction among this profession. This short overview summarizes the current study situation and associated consequences regarding working hours of physicians and gives a first explorative overview of possible solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. U. Jung
- Institut für Sozialmedizin, Arbeitsmedizin und Public Health (ISAP), Medizinische Fakultät, Universität Leipzig, Ph.-Rosenthal-Str. 55, 04103 Leipzig, Deutschland
| | - M. Luppa
- Institut für Sozialmedizin, Arbeitsmedizin und Public Health (ISAP), Medizinische Fakultät, Universität Leipzig, Ph.-Rosenthal-Str. 55, 04103 Leipzig, Deutschland
| | - S. G. Riedel-Heller
- Institut für Sozialmedizin, Arbeitsmedizin und Public Health (ISAP), Medizinische Fakultät, Universität Leipzig, Ph.-Rosenthal-Str. 55, 04103 Leipzig, Deutschland
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11
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Campbell M, Hagen BNM, Gohar B, Wichtel J, Jones-Bitton A. A qualitative study exploring the perceived effects of veterinarians' mental health on provision of care. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1064932. [PMID: 36825229 PMCID: PMC9941564 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1064932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Veterinary medicine is a rewarding, yet demanding profession with a myriad of occupational stressors that can impact the mental health of veterinarians. Stress, mental health outcomes, and associated risk factors amongst veterinarians have been well-researched. Much less research has investigated how high stress and/or poor mental health can impact veterinarians' provision of care. Methods One-on-one research interviews were conducted with 25 veterinarians at a Canadian veterinary conference in July 2016 and verbatim transcripts were produced from the audio recordings. The research team collaboratively analyzed the interviews using thematic analysis. Results Five themes described the perceived impacts of high stress and/or poor mental health: perceived negative impacts on interactions with (1) co-workers and (2) clients; (3) reduced concentration; (4) difficulty in decision making; and (5) reduced quality of care. Discussion These results highlight the perceived impacts of self-reported high stress and/or poor mental health on veterinary team dynamics, the potential to impact case outcomes, and possibly endanger patient safety. Interventions to help mitigate the impacts of high stress and poor mental health are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Campbell
- Department of Population Medicine, The University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada,*Correspondence: Megan Campbell ✉
| | - Briana N. M. Hagen
- Department of Population Medicine, The University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Basem Gohar
- Department of Population Medicine, The University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada,Centre for Research in Occupational Safety and Health, Sudbury, ON, Canada
| | - Jeffrey Wichtel
- Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Andria Jones-Bitton
- Department of Population Medicine, The University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
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Monsey LM, Beckman KL, Baker MG. How does gender and work location impact perceived worker stress during COVID-19? Findings from King County, WA. JOURNAL OF WORKPLACE BEHAVIORAL HEALTH 2023; 38:75-101. [PMID: 37425094 PMCID: PMC10328059 DOI: 10.1080/15555240.2023.2166057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Using an online survey, we explored workplace determinants of perceived stress during COVID-19 in n=2910 county government workers, and differences in perceived stress by gender and work arrangement (work from home v. do not work from home). We explored relationships with descriptive statistics and linear regression. Access to health and safety resources, increased workplace safety climate, support for work-life balance, and increased access to sick leave were related to lower stress; dependent care stress and female gender were related to higher stress. Among those working from home, higher stress related to an increase in workload and erosion of work/life boundaries. Findings show how the workplace impacts stress, differential determinants by gender/work arrangement, and areas to intervene to improve employee health and well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lily M. Monsey
- Department of Environmental & Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kerry L. Beckman
- Department of Health Systems and Population Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Marissa G. Baker
- Department of Environmental & Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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Yu TH, Hou YH, Hsu HY, Chang RE. Exploring Factors Associated With the Work Hours of Attending Physicians Working in Hospitals. Int J Health Policy Manag 2022; 11:2907-2916. [PMID: 35490261 PMCID: PMC10105180 DOI: 10.34172/ijhpm.2022.6242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long work hours for physicians not only harm the health of physicians, but also endanger patient safety. Compared with resident physicians, attending physicians-especially hospital-employed attending physicians-assume more responsibilities but has not gotten enough attention. The purpose of this study was to explore whether a hospital's geographic location and emergency care responsibility might influence the number of hours worked. METHODS The respondents of 2365 attending physicians from 152 hospitals in the 2018 survey of Taiwan physician work hours were used as the data source. The total work hour per week and its components, the regular scheduled shift and three types of on-call shifts, were used as outcome variables. Hospital geographic location and emergency care responsibility were the independent variables. The multilevel random effect model was employed to examine the study objective after adjusting for clinical specialty, hospital teaching status, and ownership. RESULTS The average number of total working hours was 69.09 hours per week; the regular scheduled shift was account for 75% of total work hours. The results showed the total work hours were only varied by the level of hospital's emergency care responsibility. However, the results also demonstrated the hours of duty shifts were varied by hospital's geographic location and emergency care responsibility. The results of the multilevel random effect model revealed that the hospital's emergency care responsibility was the factor consistently associated with attending physician's work hour, no matter the total work hours or its composition. CONCLUSION In this study, we explored how a hospital's location and its level of emergency care responsibility were associated with physicians' work hours for each type of shift. Our findings offer an opportunity to review the rationality of physician workforce allocation, and financial incentives and administrative measures could be the next steps for balancing the work hours of attending physicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-Hsien Yu
- Department of Health Care Management, National Taipei University of Nursing and Science, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Hui Hou
- Department of Health Industry Management, School of Healthcare Management, Kainan University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Yi Hsu
- Department of Operations Management, Ten-Chan General Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ray-E Chang
- Institute of Health Policy and Management, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Prepandemic Mental Health and Well-being: Differences Within the Health Care Workforce and the Need for Targeted Resources. J Occup Environ Med 2022; 64:1025-1035. [PMID: 36472564 PMCID: PMC9722331 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000002630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Occupational stress and diminished well-being among health care workers were concerning even before the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic exacerbated existing stressors and created new challenges for this workforce. Research on the mental health of health care workers has focused on physicians and nurses, with less attention to other occupations. METHODS To assess pre-coronavirus disease mental health and well-being among workers in multiple health care occupations, we used 2017 to 2019 data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. RESULTS Across the health care workforce, insufficient sleep (41.0%) and diagnosed depression (18.9%) were the most common conditions reported. Counselors had the highest prevalence of diagnosed depression. Health care support workers had elevated prevalences for most adverse health conditions. CONCLUSIONS Ensuring a robust health care workforce necessitates identifying and implementing effective occupation-specific prevention, intervention, and mitigation strategies that address organizational and personal conditions adversely affecting mental health.
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Chen Y, Wang P, He Y, Jiang F, Liu H, Liu Y, Liu T, Tang YL, Zhu J. Gender differences in the association between lifestyle behaviors and mental health among psychiatrists in China. J Affect Disord 2022; 318:196-203. [PMID: 36041580 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.08.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mental health symptoms are common among health professionals and the influence of lifestyle behaviors on psychiatrists' mental health is insufficiently understood. Based on a nationwide sample, we aimed to survey the lifestyle behaviors and mental health status among psychiatrists, and to identify the co-occurrence and gender differences in lifestyle behaviors. METHODS Data were collected through an anonymous questionnaire among psychiatrists in China. Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale - 21 (DASS-21) was used to evaluate mental health symptoms. Latent class analysis (LCA) was used to explore the co-occurrence of lifestyle behaviors. The multivariate logistic regression model was used to examine the effects of demographic and lifestyle factors. RESULTS 4520 psychiatrists were included in the analysis with 11.5 % of them reporting smoking, 10 % reporting alcohol misuse, 35.2 % reporting physical inactivity, and 23.1 % reporting insomnia. The prevalence of depression, anxiety and stress symptoms were 29.2 %, 34.5 %, and 12.2 %, respectively. Significant gender differences were found in smoking (P < 0.001), alcohol misuse (P < 0.001), and physical inactivity (P < 0.001), but not in insomnia. Based on these four high-risk health behaviors above, three lifestyle behavior clusters with huge gender differences were identified through the LCA. Accordingly, the unhealthy lifestyle classes, though defined differently for males and females, were significantly associated with depression, anxiety, and stress. CONCLUSIONS The co-occurrence and significant gender differences in multiple lifestyle behaviors exist in this group, highlighting the need for gender-specific comprehensive interventions against mental health symptoms and the urgency of promoting their well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhua Chen
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Peicheng Wang
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanrong He
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Jiang
- Institute of Healthy Yangtze River Delta, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Huanzhong Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Anhui Psychiatric Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yuanli Liu
- School of Health Policy and Management, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Tingfang Liu
- Institute for Hospital Management, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yi-Lang Tang
- Mental Health Service Line, Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, USA; Addiction Psychiatry Fellowship Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, USA.
| | - Jiming Zhu
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
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Zhou S, Chen H, Liu M, Wang T, Xu H, Li R, Su S. The relationship between occupational stress and job burnout among female manufacturing workers in Guangdong, China: a cross-sectional study. Sci Rep 2022; 12:20208. [PMID: 36418336 PMCID: PMC9684426 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24491-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the relationship between occupational stress and job burnout in female manufacturing workers. A random sample of 1081 female workers in electronic manufacturing in Guangdong Province participated in the present study. An anonymous self-administered questionnaire that covered social-demographic characteristics, the Chinese version of the Job Content Questionnaire, the Chinese version of the Effort-reward Imbalance Questionnaire, and the Maslach Burnout Inventory for the General Survey, was used to assess occupational stress and job burnout. Independent sample t-test, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), correlation analysis, hierarchical multiple regression analysis and logistic regression analysis were used in data analysis. Occupational stress was positively correlated with emotional exhaustion and depersonalization and negatively correlated with personal accomplishment. After adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics, job strain was a risk factor for emotional exhaustion (OR = 2.27, 95% CI: 1.61-3.20) and depersonalization (OR = 1.96 95% CI: 1.45-2.64). Female workers with high effort-reward imbalance had an increased risk of depersonalization (OR = 1.96, 95% CI: 1.33-2.90). Furthermore, female workers with high overcommitment had an increased risk of emotional exhaustion (OR = 3.07, 95% CI: 2.06-4.58) and depersonalization (OR = 2.83, 95% CI: 1.92-4.17), while higher social support reduced the risk of emotional exhaustion (OR = 0.37, 95% CI: 0.26-0.53). The job burnout of female manufacturing workers is significantly correlated with their occupational stress. Higher job strain and overcommitment might be important contributors to job burnout. Increased worker social support can reduce job burnout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanyu Zhou
- grid.484195.5Guangdong Province Hospital for Occupational Diseases Prevention and Treatment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment, No.68 Haikang Street Xingang Road West, Guangzhou, 510300 China
| | - Huiqing Chen
- grid.484195.5Guangdong Province Hospital for Occupational Diseases Prevention and Treatment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment, No.68 Haikang Street Xingang Road West, Guangzhou, 510300 China
| | - Ming Liu
- grid.484195.5Guangdong Province Hospital for Occupational Diseases Prevention and Treatment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment, No.68 Haikang Street Xingang Road West, Guangzhou, 510300 China
| | - Tianjian Wang
- grid.484195.5Guangdong Province Hospital for Occupational Diseases Prevention and Treatment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment, No.68 Haikang Street Xingang Road West, Guangzhou, 510300 China
| | - Haijuan Xu
- grid.484195.5Guangdong Province Hospital for Occupational Diseases Prevention and Treatment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment, No.68 Haikang Street Xingang Road West, Guangzhou, 510300 China
| | - Rongzong Li
- grid.484195.5Guangdong Province Hospital for Occupational Diseases Prevention and Treatment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment, No.68 Haikang Street Xingang Road West, Guangzhou, 510300 China
| | - Shibiao Su
- grid.484195.5Guangdong Province Hospital for Occupational Diseases Prevention and Treatment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment, No.68 Haikang Street Xingang Road West, Guangzhou, 510300 China
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Parajuli DR, Ullah S, McGrail M, McLachlan CS, Isaac V. Work-related, socio-cultural, and personal factors associated with locus of control among Australian general practitioners. J Psychiatr Res 2022; 155:589-595. [PMID: 36206603 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2022.09.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Locus of control (LoC) is a social cognition, that relates to the level of self-control that people have over their personal environment that influences their life. In this context, LoC is frequently associated with work-related behavioral outcomes, ranging from job attitudes, career behaviors, stress, and burnout. OBJECTIVE To investigate the association between LoC, and work-related behavioral factors, socio-cultural factors, and personal factors among Australian General Practitioners (GPs). METHODS This study utilized data from the 2010 Medicine in Australia: Balancing Employment and Life (MABEL) survey of doctors. Locus of control (LoC) was measured by a 7-point Likert scale based on Pearlin-Schooler Mastery/Self-efficacy 7-item Scale. Higher score indicated lower internal LoC. Multivariate linear regression model was performed to determine the independent predictors of LoC. RESULTS Of 3,664 GP participants, LoC did not differ by gender. Poor/fair self-rated health, working in urban location, running a stressful practice, poor balance of professional and personal commitments, poor support network, financial circumstances after retirement, and perception of unrealistic expectation by patients were significant predictors for a lower Internal LoC in a multivariate linear regression model. Adjusted R2 explained 22.4% of variation in predicting the LoC in our models. CONCLUSIONS LoC of Australian GPs is negatively affected by poor work-life balance, inadequate support, and unrealistic patient expectation. These work-place specific factors could be targeted by interventions to improve GPs wellbeing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daya Ram Parajuli
- Flinders Rural and Remote Health, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Ral Ral Avenue, Renmark, Australia
| | - Shahid Ullah
- Flinders Rural and Remote Health, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Ral Ral Avenue, Renmark, Australia
| | - Matthew McGrail
- Rural Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Australia
| | - Craig S McLachlan
- Health Vertical, Centre for Healthy Futures, Torrens University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Vivian Isaac
- Flinders Rural and Remote Health, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Ral Ral Avenue, Renmark, Australia.
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[egePan-VOICE study on the psychosocial burden of the Covid-19 pandemic among - medical technical assistants]. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR PSYCHOSOMATISCHE MEDIZIN UND PSYCHOTHERAPIE 2022; 68:250-268. [PMID: 34889716 DOI: 10.13109/zptm.2021.67.oa15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
egePan-VOICE study on the psychosocial burden of the Covid-19 pandemic among - medical technical assistants Objectives: The Covid-19 pandemic is associated with increased demands on healthcare workers. A previously neglected occupational group is medical technical assistants (MTA). The aim is therefore to identify stress factors among MTA in Germany during the pandemic. Methods: A cross-sectional online survey of medical staff was conducted in spring 2020 (N = 8088). Results: N = 1483 records of MTA were analyzed. Retrospectively, the stress increased under the pandemic, and 60.1 % of MTA suffered from work stress (ERI). Staff shortages and extra work were associated with an increase in work stress. Problems of work-life balance and contact with contaminated material/infected persons favored stressful experiences. Conclusions: Some working conditions in the pandemic pose a potential health risk to MTA. It seems necessary to create improvements in the general conditions that enable healthily and effective work.
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Zhan J, Chen C, Yan X, Wei X, Zhan L, Chen H, Lu L. Relationship between social support, anxiety, and depression among frontline healthcare workers in China during COVID-19 pandemic. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:947945. [PMID: 36186880 PMCID: PMC9516096 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.947945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Social support is an important factor affecting individual mental health. However, the relationship between social support and mental health in frontline healthcare workers (FHW) during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has garnered less attention. In this study, we aimed to investigate the level of social support and the prevalence of depression and anxiety in FHW during the COVID-19 pandemic and determine the factors affecting the relationship between social support, depression, and anxiety. Methods A cross-sectional study using an online survey was conducted to collect data from FHW between 15 February and 31 March 2020 in China. The data included demographic factors, Self-rated Depression Scale (SDS), Self-rated Anxiety Scale (SAS), and Social Support Rate Scale (SSRS). Spearman correlation test was performed to determine the correlation among SAS, SDS, and SSRS scores. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to determine the relationship among demographic factors, social support, depression, and anxiety in FHW. Results Of all 201 participants, 44 (21.9%) had depressive symptoms and 32 (15.9%) had anxiety symptoms. The average total SSRS scores among FHW were lower than that of the norms of the Chinese general population (37.17 ± 7.54 versus 44.38 ± 8.38, P < 0.001). Marital status positively affected the SSRS score (β = 7.395, P < 0.01). Age over 40 years old negatively affected the SSRS score (β = -5.349, P = 0.017). The total SSRS score, subjective social support score, objective social support score, and support utilization score among FHW negatively correlated with the SAS score and SDS score (P < 0.05). A lower support utilization score was significantly associated with high anxiety and depressive symptoms (β = -0.869, P = 0.024; β = -1.088, P = 0.035, respectively). Conclusion During the COVID-19 pandemic, FHW experienced depression, anxiety, and inadequate social support. The marital status and age had a major impact on social support. Social support was inversely associated with depression and anxiety. Improving the mental health of FHW by strengthening social support is crucial. Future studies are needed to investigate how to improve the level of social support and mental health condition of FHW facing public health emergencies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhan
- Postdoctoral Research Station, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Clinical Research and Data Center, South China Research Center for Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Medical College of Acu-Moxi and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Rehabilitation, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Clinical Research and Data Center, South China Research Center for Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Medical College of Acu-Moxi and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoting Yan
- Clinical Research and Data Center, South China Research Center for Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Medical College of Acu-Moxi and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaojing Wei
- Clinical Research and Data Center, South China Research Center for Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Medical College of Acu-Moxi and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lechang Zhan
- Department of Rehabilitation, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongxia Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liming Lu
- Clinical Research and Data Center, South China Research Center for Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Medical College of Acu-Moxi and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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Bondagji D, Fakeerh M, Alwafi H, Khan AA. The Effects of Long Working Hours on Mental Health Among Resident Physicians in Saudi Arabia. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2022; 15:1545-1557. [PMID: 35757011 PMCID: PMC9231535 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s370642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To examine the effect of long working hours on anxiety and depression among resident physicians working in Makkah, Saudi Arabia. Methods This is a cross-sectional study using an anonymous and confidential self-administered electronic questionnaire. Mental health status (depression and anxiety) is measured using hospital anxiety and depression scale. A multi-stage stratified sampling technique was used. Data were analyzed using the SPSS version 24.0. The Chi-square test and ordinal logistic regression (OLR) were used to test the association. Results A total of 258 medical residents participated in the study. The prevalence of anxiety was 39.5% (n=102) and depression was 20.9% (n=54). In multivariate OLR against anxiety, working more than 64 hours per week was significantly associated (p=0.013) with an increase in the odds of observing a higher level of anxiety (odds ratio=2.91, 95% confidence interval (CI):1.25–6.77) compared with working up to 40 hours per week after adjusting for age, amount of sleep and exposure to injustice. For the depression multivariate OLR, it would increase the odds of observing a higher level of depression for working 41–48, 49–64 and more than 64 hours per week by 2.21 (95% CI:1.07–4.58, P=0.033), 2.07 (95% CI:1.01–4.27, P=0.049) and 2.37 (95% CI:1.03–5.50, P=0.044) respectively, compared with working up to 40 hours per week and adjusting for the amount of sleep and exposure to injustice. Conclusion Resident physicians are at increased risk of developing anxiety and depression which is influenced by long working hours and a variety of other factors. Therefore, attention needs to be paid to this association. The implementation of interventions for the prevention and screening of physicians’ mental health disorders is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniah Bondagji
- Saudi Board of Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Health, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mutaz Fakeerh
- Saudi Board of Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Health, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hassan Alwafi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Medicine, Umm Alqura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adeel Ahmed Khan
- Saudi Board of Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Health, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
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Nagasaki K, Nishizaki Y, Shinozaki T, Shimizu T, Yamamoto Y, Shikino K, Fukui S, Nishiguchi S, Kurihara M, Kataoka K, Tokuda Y, Kobayashi H. Association between mental health and duty hours of postgraduate residents in Japan: a nationwide cross-sectional study. Sci Rep 2022; 12:10626. [PMID: 35739229 PMCID: PMC9218701 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-14952-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The new duty hour (DH) limit for doctors in Japan will begin in 2024, setting the maximum DHs for postgraduate residents at approximately 80 h weekly. To set appropriate limits, understanding the association between DHs and psychological health is necessary. Thus, we assessed the relationship between residents' psychological health and DHs. We conducted a cross-sectional study involving examinees of the General Medicine In-training Examination 2020. Mental health outcomes were measured dichotomously using the Patient Health Questionnaire-2 for depression and Mini-Z 2.0, for burnout, stress, and satisfaction. Weekly DHs were measured in seven categories at 10-h intervals. The prevalence ratios (PRs) between the DH categories were estimated for each outcome. Of the 6045 residents who provided data on DHs and psychological outcomes, 37.3% showed signs of depression, 21.6% experienced burn out, and 39.2% were highly stressed. In contrast, 62.3% were highly satisfied with their training. Proportions of burnout were higher among residents in Category 6 (≥ 90 and < 100 h; PR 1.36; 95% CI 1.11-1.66) and Category 7 (≥ 100 h; PR 1.36; 95% CI 1.10-1.68) compared with residents in Category 3 (≥ 60 and < 70 h; reference). The results partially support the weekly 80-h DH limit in terms of resident well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuya Nagasaki
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mito Kyodo General Hospital, University of Tsukuba, 3-2-7, Miyamachi, Mito, Ibaraki, 310-0015, Japan
| | - Yuji Nishizaki
- Division of Medical Education, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Shinozaki
- Department of Information and Computer Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taro Shimizu
- Department of Diagnostic and Generalist Medicine, Dokkyo Medical University Hospital, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Yu Yamamoto
- Division of General Medicine, Center for Community Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Shikino
- Department of General Medicine, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Sho Fukui
- Immuno-Rheumatology Center, St. Luke's International Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sho Nishiguchi
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Shonan Kamakura General Hospital, Kamakura, Japan
| | - Masaru Kurihara
- Department of Patient Safety, Nagoya University Hospital, Aichi, Japan
| | - Koshi Kataoka
- Division of Medical Education, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Hiroyuki Kobayashi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mito Kyodo General Hospital, University of Tsukuba, 3-2-7, Miyamachi, Mito, Ibaraki, 310-0015, Japan.
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22
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Greco E, Graziano EA, Stella GP, Mastrodascio M, Cedrone F. The impact of leadership on perceived work-related stress in healthcare facilities organisations. JOURNAL OF ORGANIZATIONAL CHANGE MANAGEMENT 2022. [DOI: 10.1108/jocm-07-2021-0201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
PurposeEmployees in the private, public, and third sectors have experienced an increase in stress over the years. Amongst the sectors, people working in hospitals and other healthcare facilities were put under severe stress during the COVID-19 pandemic. Indeed, the World Health Organisation has clearly stated that defending people's mental health at this particular time of restless pandemic growth is an absolute necessity. The purpose of this article is to assess the perceived work-related stress (WRS) of healthcare workers (HCWs) as a result of the spread of COVID-19, as well as how a leadership role can help to reduce WRS.Design/methodology/approachBased on a multiple case study approach applied to two Italian health-care facilities, the questionnaire results were subjected to a regression analysis.FindingsThe results show an association in HCWs between the perception of supportive leadership and the perception of negative psychosocial risks whose exposure can lead to manifestation of WRS during COVID-19 pandemic.Originality/valueThe study addresses the role that the perception of supportive leadership can play in reducing exposure to occupational psychosocial risks in a sample of healthcare professionals.
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BURNOUT SYNDROME IN DENTISTS: WORK-RELATED FACTORS. J Dent 2022; 121:104143. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2022.104143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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The Effect of Worktime Control on Overtime Employees' Mental Health and Work-Family Conflict: The Mediating Role of Voluntary Overtime. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19073767. [PMID: 35409451 PMCID: PMC8997466 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19073767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Overtime has become a widespread phenomenon in the current information age that creates a high speed working pace and fierce competition in the high technology global economy. Based on the time-regulation mechanism and effort-recovery model, we examined the effect of worktime control (WTC) on mental health and work-family conflict (WFC) among overtime employees, and whether voluntary overtime mediated the relationships. We also examined two separate dimensions of WTC (control over time-off and control over daily hours). The results showed that control over time-off was related to decreased depression, anxiety, stress and WFC, while control over daily hours was related to decreased stress and WFC. Generally, control over time-off was beneficial to females and employees with dependents. Furthermore, mediation results showed that voluntary overtime was a complete mediator of relationships between WTC and depression and anxiety as well as a partial mediator of the relationship between WTC and stress. However, this study did not find a mediating effect of voluntary overtime on the WTC-WFC relationship. Limitations and practical implications are discussed.
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Meta-analysis of effort–reward imbalance prevalence among physicians. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2022; 95:559-571. [DOI: 10.1007/s00420-021-01784-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Schwartz RM, McCann-Pineo M, Bellehsen M, Singh V, Malhotra P, Rasul R, Corley SS, Jan S, Parashar N, George S, Yacht AC, Young JQ. The Impact of Physicians' COVID-19 Pandemic Occupational Experiences on Mental Health. J Occup Environ Med 2022; 64:151-157. [PMID: 35119424 PMCID: PMC8808755 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000002380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the association between a number of negative COVID-19 occupational experiences and probable anxiety, depression, and PTSD among physicians. METHODS Cross-sectional examination of longitudinal registry data consisting of physician personal and occupational well-being. Multivariable logistic regressions were performed to determine the association between negative COVID-19 experiences and outcomes. RESULTS Of the 620 eligible physicians, approximately half were female (49%), and 71% white with a mean age of 46.51 (SD = 13.28). A one-point increase in negative experience score was associated with a 23% increase in probable anxiety (OR = 1.23, 95% CI: 1.14-1.34), a 23% increase in probable depression (OR = 1.23, 95% CI: 1.13-1.33), and a 41% increase in probable PTSD (OR = 1.41, 95% CI: 1.30-1.52). CONCLUSIONS Negative pandemic experiences were strongly associated with adverse mental health outcomes while greater resilience was protective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca M Schwartz
- The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Great Neck, New York (Dr Schwartz, Dr McCann-Pineo, Rasul, Corley, Dr Jan); Department of Occupational Medicine Epidemiology and Prevention, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, New York (Dr Schwartz, Dr McCann-Pineo, Rasul, Corley); Center Traumatic Stress, Resilience and Recovery at Northwell Health, Great Neck, New York (Dr Schwartz, Dr McCann-Pineo, Dr Bellehsen, Rasul, Corley); Unified Behavioral Health Center for Military Veterans and their Families, Northwell Health, Great Neck, New York (Dr Bellehsen); Division of Infectious Disease, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, New York (Dr Singh, Dr Malhotra); Division of Pediatrics and Medicine, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, New York (Dr Jan); Division of Pediatrics, Steven and Alexandra Cohen Children's Medical Center, New Hyde Park, New York (Dr Jan); Department of Psychiatry and Resident Mental Health Program, Lenox Hill Hospital, New York, New York (Dr Parashar); Department of Psychiatry, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, New York (Dr Parashar, Dr Young); Division of Hospital Medicine, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, New York (Dr George); Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, New York (Dr Yacht); Department of Psychiatry, Zucker Hillside Hospital at Northwell Health, Glen Oaks, New York (Dr Young)
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Fukue N, Ishida M, Taniyama M, Mukai-Yatagai N, Sakamoto T, Tamada T, Nakano Y, Ito H, Uemura S. Current Diversity Issues in Cardiovascular Workplaces in the Chugoku District ― Results From 2 Questionnaire Surveys ―. Circ Rep 2022; 4:59-65. [PMID: 35083389 PMCID: PMC8710637 DOI: 10.1253/circrep.cr-21-0111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background:
Various issues, such as gender diversity and overwork, need to be considered in cardiovascular workplaces. Here, we report the results of 2 questionnaire surveys conducted among members of the Chugoku branch of the Japanese Circulation Society. Methods and Results:
The first questionnaire was posted to all 194 female members in 2018. Of the 73 respondents, 61.6% reported feeling that it would be difficult to continue in cardiovascular care. The second questionnaire was completed by participants of the Chugoku Regional Meeting in 2019. Of the 133 respondents, 42.4% reported difficulties continuing in cardiovascular care. Respondents reporting difficulties had a significantly lower mean age, a higher frequency of day and night shifts, and a higher rate of working >80 h/week than respondents who did not report such difficulties. In logistic regression analysis, working >80 h/week was the only independent factor associated with difficulties continuing in cardiovascular care (odds ratio 4.16; 95% confidence interval 1.46–11.9; P=0.008). Although 47.4% of respondents worked >960 h overtime per year (considered a risk factor for death from overwork), 59.6% of these respondents reported being satisfied with their current situation. Conclusions:
In the Chugoku region, the work-life balance of medical personnel engaged in cardiovascular care has not been sufficiently secured. In order to promote diverse human resources, we need to recognize the current situation and continue to take countermeasures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriko Fukue
- Department of Cardiology, Tokuyama Medical Association Hospital
| | - Mari Ishida
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology and Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University
| | - Makiko Taniyama
- Department of General Medicine, Tamano Division, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Okayama University
| | | | | | - Tomoko Tamada
- Cardiovascular Medicine, Kawasaki Medical University
| | | | - Hiroshi Ito
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences
| | - Shiro Uemura
- Cardiovascular Medicine, Kawasaki Medical University
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Saade S, Parent-Lamarche A, Bazarbachi Z, Ezzeddine R, Ariss R. Depressive symptoms in helping professions: a systematic review of prevalence rates and work-related risk factors. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2022; 95:67-116. [PMID: 34686912 PMCID: PMC8535108 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-021-01783-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is twofold. Our first aim is to provide an overview of the prevalence rate of depression in a wide array of helping professions. Our second aim is to identify work organization conditions that seem to be associated with this depression risk. METHODS Four databases were searched (CINAHL, PsycInfo, PubMed, and Web of Science) yielding 87,626 records in total. We were interested in identifying depression prevalence rates and work-related variables that have been found to contribute to depression in helping professions. RESULTS In total, this systematic review included 17,437 workers in more than 29 countries. Depression prevalence rate varied between 2.5% and 91.30%. The two most frequently reported professions were nurses and doctors with 73.83% and 30.84% of studies including nurses and doctors in their sample. Work factors contributing to depression included: skill utilization, decision authority, psychological demands, physical demands, number of hours worked, work schedule (irregular or regular), work schedule (daytime or night time), social support from coworkers, social support from supervisor and the family, job insecurity, recognition, job promotion, and bullying. CONCLUSION The results of this study highlight alarmingly high rates of depression in helping professions and should serve as a reminder to pay close attention to the mental health of those workers. Investing in employees' mental health by preventing and reducing depression risk could prove to be a valuable investment from an employer's point of view, as it is likely to increase productivity and reduce absenteeism among a host of other positive outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Saade
- Department of Psychology, American University of Beirut, P.O. Box 11-0236, Riad El-Solh, Beirut, 1107 2020 Lebanon
| | - Annick Parent-Lamarche
- Département de Gestion des Ressources Humaines, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 3351, boulevard des Forges, Trois-Rivières, QC G8Z 4M3 Canada
| | - Zeina Bazarbachi
- American University of Beirut, Riad El-Solh, P.O. Box 11-0236, Beirut, 1107 2020 Lebanon
| | - Ruba Ezzeddine
- American University of Beirut, Riad El-Solh, P.O. Box 11-0236, Beirut, 1107 2020 Lebanon
| | - Raya Ariss
- American University of Beirut, Riad El-Solh, P.O. Box 11-0236, Beirut, 1107 2020 Lebanon
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Al-Humadi S, Bronson B, Muhlrad S, Paulus M, Hong H, Cáceda R. Depression, Suicidal Thoughts, and Burnout Among Physicians During the COVID-19 Pandemic: a Survey-Based Cross-Sectional Study. ACADEMIC PSYCHIATRY : THE JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF DIRECTORS OF PSYCHIATRIC RESIDENCY TRAINING AND THE ASSOCIATION FOR ACADEMIC PSYCHIATRY 2021; 45:557-565. [PMID: 34128193 PMCID: PMC8202962 DOI: 10.1007/s40596-021-01490-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Frontline workers have been a bulwark in the fight against COVID-19, while being subject to major unexpected stressors. These include conflicting news, evolving guidelines, perceived inadequate personal protective equipment, overflow of patients with rising death counts, absence of disaster training, and limitations in the implementation of social distancing. This study investigates the incidence and associated factors of depression, suicidal thoughts, and burnout among physicians during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS In a cross-sectional survey-based study of resident, fellow, and attending physicians from a tertiary university hospital during the height of the COVID-19 pandemic in New York from April 24 to May 15, 2020, demographics and practice specialty, attending vs. resident/fellow status, call frequency, emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and depression severity were examined. RESULTS Two hundred twenty-five subjects completed the survey (response rate of 16.3%), with rates of 6.2% depression, 6.6% suicidal ideation, and 19.6% burnout. Depression, suicidal ideation, and burnout were all associated with history of prior depression/anxiety and frequency of on call. Suicidal ideation and burnout were also associated with younger age. There was no difference in rates of depression, suicidal ideation, or burnout between attending and resident physicians. Female physicians reported less work-life balance and more burnout. CONCLUSIONS These findings highlight the importance of considering physician mental health during times of peak stress, such as natural or man-made disasters. The prominence of premorbid depression/anxiety as a relevant factor underscores the need to further understand physician mental health and provide early screening and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Houlin Hong
- Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Ricardo Cáceda
- Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.
- Northport Veteran Administration Medical Center, Northport, NY, USA.
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Almarhapi SA, Khalil TA. Depression among healthcare workers in North West Armed Forces hospital-Tabuk, Saudi Arabia: Prevalence and associated factors. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2021; 68:102681. [PMID: 34401143 PMCID: PMC8355821 DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2021.102681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression among healthcare workers results in adverse effects which might include impairment of work performance, reduced productivity and increase in the employee turnover rate. Despite of that, few published studies have been cited concerning depression among hospital healthcare workers in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. This study aims to estimate the prevalence and identify the determinants of depression among health care workers working at North West Armed Forces hospital in Tabuk city, KSA. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study design that was adopted to include a representative sample of physicians and nurses working at North West Armed Forces hospital throughout the study period, provided that they worked at this hospital for at least 6 months. A self-administered questionnaire was applied including three parts; the socio-demographic characteristics of the participants, factors that could be associated with depression and the patient health-9 questionnaire to diagnose depression. RESULTS The study included 255 healthcare workers. Females represent 58.8 % of the participants. Their age ranged between 22 and 50 years (30.6 ± 5.3 years). About two-thirds of them were nurses (64.3 %) and the remaining 35.7 % were physicians; mainly registrars (22.8 %). The prevalence of depression was 43.9 %. being severe among 0.8 % of them. Results of multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that HCWs who lost beloved person in the last 6 months were at 3.67 higher risk for developing depression compared to those who didn't report such history (adjusted odds ratio = 3.67; 95 % confidence interval (CI) = 1.84-7.30, p < 0.001). Compared to HCWs of less than 5 years of experience, those with higher experience (5-10 and > 10 years) were at lower significant risk to develop depression (AOR = 0.16; 95 % CI = 0.07-0.037, p < 0.001 and AOR = 0.05; 95 % CI = 0.01-0.029, p = 0.001), respectively. CONCLUSION Depression is a relatively common health problem affecting healthcare workers in North West Armed forces hospital, Tabuk. However, in majority of cares, the depression was mild.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salha Ali Almarhapi
- Department of Family Medicine, North West Armed Forces Hospitals, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tahani Ahmed Khalil
- Department of Family Medicine, North West Armed Forces Hospitals, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
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Curran E, Rosato M, Ferry F, Leavey G. Mental ill-health among health and social care professionals: an analysis using administrative data. Int J Popul Data Sci 2021; 6:1649. [PMID: 34381877 PMCID: PMC8318063 DOI: 10.23889/ijpds.v6i1.1649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Health and Social Care (HSC) workers are at high risk of job-related stress, burnout and mental ill-health. This study examines differences in self-reported mental health and psychotropic medication uptake across HSC occupational groups. METHOD Northern Ireland (NI) data linkage study of people working in the Health and Care sector, aged between twenty and sixty-four years, enumerated at the 2011 Northern Ireland Census and living in private households, and their uptake of prescribed psychotropic medications during 2011-2012 (using data derived from routine electronically captured information on prescriptions issued within the NHS and linked at an individual level using a NI-specific Health and Care key identifier). Comparing HSC workers with all those professionals not involved in HSC occupations, we used multinomial logistic regression to examine (a) self-reported chronic mental illness and (b) uptake of psychotropic medication by occupational groups adjusting for age, sex and socio-demographic circumstance. RESULTS When compared against other professionals highest risks for mental health problems (associated with psychotropic prescription uptake) were associated with nursing/midwifery (OR = 1.25: 95%CI = 1.17-1.33; OR = 1.84: 1.58-2.15 for females and males respectively), welfare (OR = 1.34: 1.21-1.48; OR = 1.71: 1.44-2.03) and formal caregiving roles (OR = 1.42: 1.31-1.53; OR = 1.70: 1.50-1.91), again for females/males respectively). These higher risk professions record notable increases in psychotropic medication use. CONCLUSION Working in the Health and Social Care sector, irrespective of gender, may be more stressful than other jobs. Additionally, self-reported mental ill-health and psychotropic medication treatment both appear to be associated with social class inequity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Curran
- Bamford Centre for Mental Health and Wellbeing, Ulster University, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Rosato
- Bamford Centre for Mental Health and Wellbeing, Ulster University, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Finola Ferry
- Bamford Centre for Mental Health and Wellbeing, Ulster University, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Gerard Leavey
- Bamford Centre for Mental Health and Wellbeing, Ulster University, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
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Chalmers T, Maharaj S, Lal S. Associations Between Workplace Factors and Depression and Anxiety in Australian Heavy Vehicle Truck Drivers. Ann Work Expo Health 2021; 65:581-590. [PMID: 33889944 DOI: 10.1093/annweh/wxaa134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A number of health issues have been identified as prevalent within the Australian heavy vehicle driving population. Mental illnesses, such as depression and anxiety, are among those disorders that have been regularly reported, however, the contributing factors are yet to be elucidated. METHODS This study aimed to assess the associations between workplace factors such as years of employment, social interaction and shift length, with depressive and anxious symptomology in a cohort of 60 Australian heavy vehicle drivers. RESULTS Significant positive associations were identified between depression and alcohol use (P = 0.044), coffee consumption (P = 0.037), number of accidents during career (P = < 0.004), and number of hours driving per shift (P ≤ 0.001). Anxiety was found to be positively associated with a number of hours driving per week (P ≤ 0.001), and the number of accidents or near misses during a driving career (P = 0.039). CONCLUSION Several workplace factors were identified as being correlated to depression or anxiety within this cohort, suggesting potential changes to rostering systems and education regarding alcohol use may benefit the mental health of this driver population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taryn Chalmers
- Neuroscience Research Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Shamona Maharaj
- Neuroscience Research Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Sara Lal
- Neuroscience Research Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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Abstract
Objective We examined the prevalence of burnout among resident doctors and its relationship with specific stressors. Method We conducted a nationwide, online, cross-sectional survey in Japan with 604 resident doctors in 2018-2019. Materials Participants completed the Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey to evaluate burnout and provided details of their individual factors and working environmental factors. Chi-square tests and t-tests were conducted for categorical and continuous variables, respectively. The association between burnout and resident-reported causes of stress, ways of coping with stress, number of times patient-safety incidents were likely to occur, and individuals who provide support when in trouble was analyzed using logistic regression analyses after controlling for confounding variables. Results A total of 28% met the burnout criteria, 12.2% were exhausted, 2.8% were depressed, and 56.9% were healthy. After adjusting for sex, postgraduate years, type of residency program, marital status, number of inpatients under residents' care, number of working hours, number of night shifts, number of days off, and resident-reported causes of stress - excessive paperwork [odds ratio (OR): 2.24, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.32-3.80], excessive working hours (OR: 2.75, 95% CI: 1.24-6.04), low autonomy (OR: 3.92, 95% CI: 2.01-7.65), communication problems at the workplace (OR: 2.24, 95% CI: 1.05-4.76), complaints from patients (OR: 6.62, 95% CI: 1.21-36.1), peer competition (OR: 2.22, 95% CI: 1.25-3.93), and anxiety about the future (OR: 2.13, 95% CI: 1.28-3.56) - were independently associated with burnout. The burnout group had more reported patient-safety incidents that were likely to occur per year (>10) (OR: 2.65, 95% CI: 1.01-6.95) and a lack of individuals who could provide support when in trouble (OR: 1.83, 95% CI: 1.01-3.34) than the non-burnout group. Conclusion This study described the prevalence of burnout among residents who responded to our survey. We detected an association between burnout and resident-reported causes of stress, patient-safety incidents, and a lack of individuals who provide support when in trouble. Further interventional studies targeting ways to reduce these concerns are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Matsuo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Luke's International Hospital, Japan
| | - Osamu Takahashi
- Department of General Internal Medicine, St. Luke's International Hospital, Japan
- Graduate School of Public Health, St. Luke's International University, Japan
| | | | - Hiroko Arioka
- Department of General Internal Medicine, St. Luke's International Hospital, Japan
| | - Daiki Kobayashi
- Department of General Internal Medicine, St. Luke's International Hospital, Japan
- Graduate School of Public Health, St. Luke's International University, Japan
- Department of Community-Based Medicine, Fujita Health University, Japan
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Fu C, Wang G, Shi X, Cao F. Social support and depressive symptoms among physicians in tertiary hospitals in China: a cross-sectional study. BMC Psychiatry 2021; 21:217. [PMID: 33926402 PMCID: PMC8082214 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-021-03219-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social support is an important factor for individual's mental health. However, the association between social support and depressive symptoms among physicians in China' tertiary hospitals has not been explored. This study aimed to investigate its association among physicians stratifying by sex. METHODS Six hundred fifty-six physicians were enrolled from 12 tertiary hospitals of Shandong Province, China. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the 10-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. Social support was evaluated using the Social Support Rating Scale. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to examine the relationship between social support and depressive symptoms among physicians. RESULTS The prevalence of depressive symptoms was 42.3% and the average social support score was 38.82 ± 7.53 among physicians. Lower subjective social support scores (male: β = - 0.317, p < 0.001; female: β = - 0.241, p < 0.001) and lower objective social support scores (male: β = - 0.218, p = 0.038; female: β = - 0.277, p = 0.035) were associated with high depressive symptoms among physicians. Lower support utilization scores (β = - 0.472, p < 0.001) were associated with high depressive symptoms among male physicians. CONCLUSIONS Chinese physicians had a higher prevalence of depressive symptoms and lower social support than the Chinese general population. Objective and subjective social support were inversely associated with depressive symptoms among male and female physicians while support utilization was inversely associated with depressive symptoms among male rather than female physicians. It is critical to improve physicians' mental health through strengthening social support in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Fu
- grid.27255.370000 0004 1761 1174Department of Health Psychology, School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, No. 44 Wenhuaxilu Rd, Jinan, 250012 Shandong China
| | - Guowen Wang
- grid.460018.b0000 0004 1769 9639Department of Education, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, No. 324 Jingwuweiqilu Rd., Jinan, 250021 Shandong China
| | - Xiuxin Shi
- Office of Medical Quality Control, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, No. 107 Wenhuaxilu Rd, Jinan, 250012 Shandong China
| | - Fenglin Cao
- Department of Health Psychology, School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, No. 44 Wenhuaxilu Rd, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.
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Beschoner P, von Wietersheim J, Jarczok MN, Braun M, Schönfeldt-Lecuona C, Viviani R, Jerg-Bretzke L, Kempf M, Brück A. Effort-Reward-Imbalance, Burnout, and Depression Among Psychiatrists 2006 and 2016-Changes After a Legislative Intervention. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:641912. [PMID: 33889101 PMCID: PMC8055815 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.641912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Physicians, especially psychiatrists, have a high risk of job-related stress, and mental impairment. In our study we examined changes in private and occupational stress factors and mental health within a decade. The legislative reduction of physicians' working hours in Germany during this period made it possible to investigate the impact of working hours in particular. Methods: Questionnaires were administered at two psychiatrist meetings (2006 and 2016) about job and family situation, depressiveness, burnout and effort-reward imbalance. A total of N = 1,797 datasets were analyzed. Results: Working hours and free weekends were associated with mental health indices. Correlation analyses showed that a reduction in weekly working hours and working days at weekends was related to reduced scores for effort-reward-imbalance, burnout and depression. Conclusions: Our data show changes in workplace stress and mental health in psychiatrists in a decade in which a reduction in working hours has been required by law. These results can provide indications of effective prevention strategies in the professional context of physicians working in psychiatry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Beschoner
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Jörn von Wietersheim
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Marc N. Jarczok
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Maxi Braun
- Clinic for Ophthalmology, Marienhospital Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
| | | | - Roberto Viviani
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy III, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
- Institute of Psychology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Lucia Jerg-Bretzke
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Maximilian Kempf
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Aniela Brück
- Institute of Psychology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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Shao Z, Cao A, Luo W, Zhou Y, Wang J, Gui Y, Gao B, Xu Z, Zhu B, Sheng Z. The Psychological Impact of the Tertiary Hospital Reappraisal on Resident Doctors in the Post-pandemic Era: A Cross-sectional Study in Ningbo. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:770851. [PMID: 35222102 PMCID: PMC8874269 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.770851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
PARTICIPANTS Competent resident doctor were expected to help the patients, advance medical knowledge, and promote public health. The time and effort necessary for residents to devote to standarized training is extensive. Anxiety and depression can negatively affect professional development and work efficacy. The study aimed to assess the psychosocial effects of the hospital reappraisal during the post-pandemic era of COVID-19 and analyze potential risk factors leading to their symptoms of anxiety and depression. METHOD In March 2021, the "Questionnaire Star" electronic questionnaire system was used to collect data. A total of 96 resident doctors from the affiliated hospital of the medical school of Ningbo University were invited to complete the questionnaires. RESULTS According to our study, the prevalence of symptoms of anxiety and depression in the resident doctors in the institution was 61.5 and 59.4%, respectively. The residents who were worried about clinical skills tend to have anxiety symptoms under online education (OR = 3.436, 95%CI: 1.122-10.526). Compared with participants who were assigned by other hospitals, social trainees (OR: 7.579, 95%CI: 1.747-32.885), and full-time masters (OR: 5.448, 95% CI: 1.586-18.722) were more likely to have anxiety symptoms. Participants without a labor contract (OR = 3.257, 95% CI: 1.052-10.101) had a high risk of depression symptoms. Participants who spent more time learning the details prepared for the tertiary hospital reappraisal were significantly more likely to develop anxiety and depressive symptoms. CONCLUSION This study suggested that the tertiary hospital reappraisal program has an impact on the high incidence of anxiety and depression of the young resident doctors during the post-pandemic era of the COVID-19 in Ningbo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonghao Shao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, Affilated Hospital of Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, China
| | - Angyang Cao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Wenjun Luo
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Yanling Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Jianhua Wang
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Yu Gui
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Bin Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Zhipeng Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Binbin Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Zhiren Sheng
- Department of Nursing, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
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Maladaptive Schemata und berufliche Gratifikationskrisen bei ÄrztInnen und PsychotherapeutInnen. PSYCHOTHERAPEUT 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00278-020-00468-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Laut Studienlage leiden ÄrztInnen häufig an Arbeitsstress und Burn-out. Gründe dafür liegen v. a. in den Arbeitsbedingungen. Daneben spielen „intrinsische“ Faktoren eine Rolle. Frühe maladaptive Schemata (MS) können als Marker für intrinsische Belastungen dienen. Ein Schema umfasst dauerhafte, ungünstige Muster von Gefühlen, Gedanken und Erinnerungen, die das Verhalten in einer konkreten Situation steuern. Der Beitrag soll eine systematische Übersicht über die internationale Studienlage zu Gratifikationskrisen und MS bei ÄrztInnen/PsychotherapeutInnen (PT) geben.
Material und Methoden
Systematische Literaturrecherche von 2000 bis 2020 in PubMed, Psyndex und Google Scholar. Eine Registrierung erfolgte bei OSF-Registries (osf.io/jxhga/). Suchbegriffe waren: „schema“, „maladaptive schema“, kombiniert mit „physician“, „psychiatrist“, „psychotherapist“, „psychologist“, als weitere Suche verknüpft mit „effort reward (imbalance)“ bzw. „effort-reward (imbalance)“.
Ergebnisse
In der ersten Suche wurden 906 Publikationen, in der zweiten 1088 Veröffentlichungen gefunden. Durch Filtern von Duplikaten, Screening von Abstracts und Inhalten dezimierte sich die Zahl auf 2 Publikationen. Mithilfe vor- und rückwärts gerichteter Suche wurden 5 weitere Arbeiten und damit insgesamt 7 relevante Publikationen identifiziert.
Schlussfolgerung
Bislang gibt es wenige Untersuchungen, die sich mit MS im Zusammenhang mit beruflichem Stress und mentaler Gesundheit bei ÄrztInnen/PT beschäftigen. Insbesondere das vielschichtige Konzept der Schemata erscheint aussagekräftiger als eher eindimensionale Persönlichkeitszüge. Intrinsische Faktoren haben eine große Bedeutung, wenn es um die Entwicklung von Präventions- und Hilfsmaßnahmen für belastete ÄrztInnen/PT geht.
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Rosta J, Bååthe F, Aasland OG, Isaksson Rø K. Changes in work stress among doctors in Norway from 2010 to 2019: a study based on repeated surveys. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e037474. [PMID: 33082185 PMCID: PMC7577039 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-037474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explore and discuss the changes in the levels of work stress for Norwegian doctors in different job positions (hospital doctors, general practitioners (GPs), private practice specialists, doctors in academia) from 2010 to 2019. DESIGN Repeated questionnaire surveys in 2010, 2016 and 2019, where samples were partly overlapping. SETTING Norway. PARTICIPANTS A representative sample of 1500-2200 doctors in different job positions. Response rates were 66.7% (1014/1520) in 2010, 73.1% (1604/2195) in 2016 and 72.5% (1511/2084) in 2019. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Validated 9-item short form of the 'Effort-Reward Imbalance' questionnaire. A risky level of work stress was defined as an effort/reward ratio above 1.0. ANALYSES Linear mixed models with estimated marginal means of job positions controlled for gender and age. Proportions with 95% CIs. RESULTS From 2010 to 2016 and further to 2019, GPs reported a significant increase in levels on the effort scale (ES: 2.96, 3.25, 3.51) and significant decrease in levels on the reward scale (RS: 4.27, 4.05, 3.67). No significant changes were reported by hospital doctors (ES: 3.13, 3.10, 3.14; RS: 4.09, 3.98, 4.04), private practice specialists (ES: 2.58, 2.61, 2.59; RS: 4.32, 4.32, 4.30) and doctors in academia (ES: 2.63, 2.51, 2.52; RS: 4.09, 4.11, 4.14). The proportion of doctors with risky levels of work stress increased significantly for GPs (10.3%, 27.7%, 40.1%), but did not significantly change for hospital doctors (23.0%, 27.3%, 26.9%), private practice specialists (8.2%, 12.7%, 9.4%) and doctors in academia (11.9%, 19.0%, 16.4%). CONCLUSION During a 9-year period, the proportion of risky levels of work stress increased significantly for GPs but did not significantly change for other job positions. This may be partly due to changes in expectations of younger GPs and several healthcare reforms and regulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Rosta
- Institute for Studies of the Medical Profession, Oslo, Norway
| | - Fredrik Bååthe
- Institute for Studies of the Medical Profession, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Stress Medicine, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Olaf G Aasland
- Institute for Studies of the Medical Profession, Oslo, Norway
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Weekly Working Hours and Mental Health Status in Different Occupations: Evidence From the 2015 to 2016 California Health Interview Survey. J Occup Environ Med 2020; 61:e452-e458. [PMID: 31567660 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000001718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this paper was to identify shapes of the curves between weekly working hours (WWH) and mental health status (MHS) and determine WWH for the best MHS in 13 occupations. METHODS This cross-sectional study applied public data of the 2015 to 2016 California Health Interview Survey. Restricted cubic spline regression was used to determine non-linear trends. RESULTS A statistically significant nearly V-shaped curve was demonstrated between WWH and MHS in total population, men and management, business and finance occupations. WWH for the best MHS were 42, 45, and 46 hours, respectively. CONCLUSION These results suggest MHS be susceptible to WWH in total population, men and management, business and finance occupations. WWH for the best MHS for relevant populations could provide evidence for better work hours regulations in California.
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Amin F, Sharif S, Saeed R, Durrani N, Jilani D. COVID-19 pandemic- knowledge, perception, anxiety and depression among frontline doctors of Pakistan. BMC Psychiatry 2020; 20:459. [PMID: 32967647 PMCID: PMC7509498 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-020-02864-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 is a global pandemic and has become a major public health burden worldwide. With already fragile healthcare systems it can have long lasting effects in developing countries. Outbreaks especially a pandemic situation evokes fear related behaviors among healthcare professionals and there is always an increased risk of mental health disorders. Therefore, this study aims to determine knowledge and perception about this pandemic, prevalence and factors associated with anxiety/depression among frontline physicians of Pakistan. METHODS Data were collected through an online survey released in the last week of March-2020. 389 frontline physicians from all four provinces and 65 cities of Pakistan participated. Survey questionnaire consisted of 4 parts including informed consent section, demographic section, knowledge and perception about COVID-19 pandemic and assessment of depression through World Health Organization Self-reporting questionnaire (SRQ-20). A score of 8 or above on SRQ-20 was used as cut-off to label the participant as depressed. Data was analyzed using SPSS version22. RESULTS A 43% prevalence of anxiety/depression among frontline physicians of Pakistan was reported. Almost all the doctors had moderate to high knowledge score. Majority of participants marked N-95 mask as "essential" during aerosol generating procedures, assessing patients with respiratory symptoms, in COVID patient-care area, ER triage and direct care of COVID-19 patient. Only 12% of the doctors were fully satisfied with the provision of PPEs and almost 94% felt unprotected. In multivariable model, assessing more than five COVID suspects/day (aOR = 2.73, 95% CI: 1.65-4.52), working 20 h/week or less (aOR = 2.11, 1.27-3.49), having children among household members (aOR = 1.58, 95% CI: 1.00-2.50) and moderate to low knowledge of the infection (aOR = 2.69, 95% CI: 1.68-4.31) were found to be independent predictors of anxiety/depression among physicians. CONCLUSION Anxiety/depression among more than a third of frontline doctors of Pakistan warrants the need to address mental health of doctors caring for patients during this pandemic; control modifiable factors associated with it and explore the effectiveness of interventions to promote psychological well-being of physicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faridah Amin
- Liaquat National Hospital and Medical College, Karachi, Pakistan.
| | - Salman Sharif
- grid.415915.d0000 0004 0637 9066Liaquat National Hospital and Medical College, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Rabeeya Saeed
- grid.415915.d0000 0004 0637 9066Liaquat National Hospital and Medical College, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Noureen Durrani
- grid.415915.d0000 0004 0637 9066Liaquat National Hospital and Medical College, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Daniyal Jilani
- grid.415915.d0000 0004 0637 9066Liaquat National Hospital and Medical College, Karachi, Pakistan
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Chang RE, Yu TH, Shih CL. The number and composition of work hours for attending physicians in Taiwan. Sci Rep 2020; 10:14934. [PMID: 32913272 PMCID: PMC7483534 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71873-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Long work hours among physicians is a worldwide issue in the healthcare arena. Previous studies have largely focused on the work hours of resident physicians rather than those of attending physicians. The purpose of this study was to investigate total work hours and the composition of those work hours for attending physicians across different hospital settings and across different medical specialties through a nationwide survey. This included examining differences in physician workload and its composition with respect to different hospital characteristics, and grouping medical specialties according to the work similarities. A cross-sectional self-reported nationwide survey was conducted from June to September of 2018, and the two questionnaires were distributed to all accredited hospitals in Taiwan. The number of physician work hours in different types of duty shifts were answered by medical specialty in each surveyed hospital. Each medical specialty in a hospital filled only one response for its attending physicians. The findings reveal that the average total work hours per week of an attending physician is around 69.1 h, but the total work hours and their composition of different duty shifts varied among hospital accreditation levels, geographic locations, emergency care responsibilities, and medical specialties. Because of the variance in the number and composition of attending physicians' work hours, adjusting physician work hours to a reasonable level will be a major challenge for health authority and hospital managers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ray-E Chang
- Institute of Health Policy and Management, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Institute of Health Policy and Management, National Taiwan University, Room 639, No 17, Hsu-Chow Road, Taipei, 100, Taiwan.
| | - Tsung-Hsien Yu
- Department of Health Care Management, National Taipei University of Nursing and Science, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Liang Shih
- Department of Medical Affairs, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei, Taiwan
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Scheepstra KWF, Pauw HS, van Steijn ME, Stramrood CAI, Olff M, van Pampus MG. Potential traumatic events in the workplace and depression, anxiety and post-traumatic stress: a cross-sectional study among Dutch gynaecologists, paediatricians and orthopaedic surgeons. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e033816. [PMID: 32878750 PMCID: PMC7470507 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-033816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the prevalence of work-related potential traumatic events (PTEs), support protocols and mental health symptoms across Dutch gynaecologists, orthopaedic surgeons and paediatricians. DESIGN Cross-sectional study, supplementary analysis of combined data. SETTING Nationwide survey between 2014 and 2017. PARTICIPANTS An online questionnaire was sent to all Dutch gynaecologists, orthopaedic surgeons and paediatricians, including resident physicians (4959 physicians). 1374 questionnaires were eligible for analysis, corresponding with a response rate of 27.7%. OUTCOME MEASURES Primary outcome measures were the prevalence of work-related PTEs, depression, anxiety, psychological distress and traumatic stress, measured with validated screening instruments (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Trauma Screening Questionnaire). Secondary outcomes were the association of mental health and defensive practice to traumatic events and support protocols. RESULTS Of the respondents, 20.8% experienced a work-related PTE at least 4 weeks ago. Prevalence rates indicative of depression, anxiety or post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) were 6.4%, 13.6% and 1.5%, respectively. Depression (9.2% vs 5.2%, p=0.019), anxiety (18.2% vs 8.2%, p<0.001) and psychological distress (22.8% vs 12.5%, p<0.001) were significantly more prevalent in female compared with male attendings. The absence of a support protocol was significantly associated with more probable PTSD (p=0.022). Those who witnessed a PTE, reported more defensive work changes (28.0% vs 20.5%, p=0.007) and those with probable PTSD considered to quit medical work more often (60.0% vs 35.8%, p=0.032). CONCLUSION Physicians are frequently exposed to PTEs with high emotional impact over the course of their career. Lacking a support protocol after adverse events was associated with more post-traumatic stress. Adverse events were associated with considering to quit medical practice and a more defensive practice. More awareness must be created for the mental health of physicians as well as for the implementation of a well-organised support system after PTEs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hannah S Pauw
- Faculty of Medicine, Amsterdam UMC - Locatie AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Minouk Esmee van Steijn
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology, OLVG Locatie Oost, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Amsterdam UMC - Locatie AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Miranda Olff
- Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC - Locatie AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Psychotrauma Research, Arq National Psychotrauma Center, Diemen, North Holland, The Netherlands
| | - Maria G van Pampus
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology, OLVG Locatie Oost, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Burnout amongst members of the French-speaking Society of Pediatric and Adolescent Urology (SFUPA). Are there specific risk factors? J Pediatr Urol 2020; 16:482-486. [PMID: 32591316 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpurol.2020.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Burnout, which includes emotional fatigue, cynicism and low personal accomplishment is linked to poor job satisfaction, decreased empathy, job withdrawal, increased absenteeism and increased medical errors, and is present among pediatric urologists. OBJECTIVE We aimed to determine the incidence of burnout among the members of the French-speaking Society of Pediatric and Adolescent Urology (SFUPA) and determine which external factors, such as marital or familial status, gender, age, type of practice or religious belief, impacted burnout rates. MATERIAL AND METHOD We sent all members of the French-speaking Society for Pediatric and Adolescent Urology (SFUPA) an anonymous online questionnaire containing the validated French version of the 22-item Maslach Burnout Inventory - Human Services Survey (MBIHSS). The questionnaire comprised further questions on age, gender, marital status, presence of children at home, type of practice, professional status (trainee, consultant, or academic position), spirituality and whether responders believed they presented signs of burnout. RESULTS 70 out of 94 members of the SFUPA answered the questionnaire (response rate 74%). The number of responders who presented high scores in one, two or the three domains of the questionnaire were respectively 48.6% (IC 95%: 36-61%), 21.4% (IC 95%: 12.5-33%) and 8.6% (IC 95%: 3-18%). 34.6% of responders who believed they presented no signs of burnout actually did have a high burnout score in at least one domain. There was no significant association between age, gender, having children or being a trainee and the presence of burnout. However, marital status and workplace were significantly associated with presence of signs of burnout. DISCUSSION Burnout is a distinct type of work-related stress - a state of physical or emotional exhaustion that also involves a sense of reduced accomplishment and loss of personal identity. In our study the most significant factor was working in Academic hospitals which can be associated with administrative workload, long hours and a lack of institutional resources. Being in a couple was also associated with less burnout, thus showing the importance of healthy relationships and sharing on burnout rate. Age, however was not associated significantly with burnout nor was gender, which is in coherence with previous findings. CONCLUSION Amongst members of the French-speaking Society of Pediatric and Adolescent Urology, nearly half presented signs of burnout, especially those working in academic hospitals. Marital status also influenced burnout rates. Scientific societies should work on developing tools to identify and accompany affected individuals.
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Elder EG, Johnston A, Wallis M, Crilly J. Work-based strategies/interventions to ameliorate stressors and foster coping for clinical staff working in emergency departments: a scoping review of the literature. Australas Emerg Care 2020; 23:181-192. [PMID: 32680722 DOI: 10.1016/j.auec.2020.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to occupational stressors is an issue for staff working in emergency departments, managers and health services. The aim of this review was to identify, map, and synthesise the range and scope of current evidence for work-based strategies or interventions used in emergency departments to reduce occupational stressors and/or improve staff coping. METHODS The framework proposed by Arksey and O'Malley guided this review. A search of CINAHL, MEDLINE, Scopus, Cochrane and PsycINFO databases from January 2007 to June 2019 was applied. A total of thirty-one articles were included in this review. Quality appraisal was undertaken. RESULTS Exposure to or impact of occupational stress and workplace violence were common foci. A range of outcomes (such as burnout levels, stress levels and quality of life) were measured in the included studies. All studies demonstrated some improvement in outcomes measured although most were evaluated for relatively short duration. Quality of evidence varied. CONCLUSION Strategies ranging from mindfulness to organisational redesign have been trialed to diminish stress and enhance coping of emergency department staff. Understanding the effectiveness of strategies is an important early step in improving the working environment for emergency department clinicians in an evidence-informed manner. Such information may be of use to managers to inform decision making regarding the most appropriate strategy to implement in their emergency department.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amy Johnston
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Metro South, United Kingdom; Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Australia; School of Nursing Midwifery and Social Work, University of Queensland Woollongabba, Australia
| | - Marianne Wallis
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Australia; School of Nursing Midwifery and Paramedicine, University of the Sunshine Coast, Australia
| | - Julia Crilly
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Australia; Department of Emergency Medicine, Gold Coast Hospital and Health Service
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Kunzler AM, Helmreich I, Chmitorz A, König J, Binder H, Wessa M, Lieb K. Psychological interventions to foster resilience in healthcare professionals. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2020; 7:CD012527. [PMID: 32627860 PMCID: PMC8121081 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd012527.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Resilience can be defined as the maintenance or quick recovery of mental health during or after periods of stressor exposure, which may result from a potentially traumatising event, challenging life circumstances, a critical life transition phase, or physical illness. Healthcare professionals, such as nurses, physicians, psychologists and social workers, are exposed to various work-related stressors (e.g. patient care, time pressure, administration) and are at increased risk of developing mental disorders. This population may benefit from resilience-promoting training programmes. OBJECTIVES To assess the effects of interventions to foster resilience in healthcare professionals, that is, healthcare staff delivering direct medical care (e.g. nurses, physicians, hospital personnel) and allied healthcare staff (e.g. social workers, psychologists). SEARCH METHODS We searched CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase, 11 other databases and three trial registries from 1990 to June 2019. We checked reference lists and contacted researchers in the field. We updated this search in four key databases in June 2020, but we have not yet incorporated these results. SELECTION CRITERIA Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) in adults aged 18 years and older who are employed as healthcare professionals, comparing any form of psychological intervention to foster resilience, hardiness or post-traumatic growth versus no intervention, wait-list, usual care, active or attention control. Primary outcomes were resilience, anxiety, depression, stress or stress perception and well-being or quality of life. Secondary outcomes were resilience factors. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors independently selected studies, extracted data, assessed risks of bias, and rated the certainty of the evidence using the GRADE approach (at post-test only). MAIN RESULTS We included 44 RCTs (high-income countries: 36). Thirty-nine studies solely focused on healthcare professionals (6892 participants), including both healthcare staff delivering direct medical care and allied healthcare staff. Four studies investigated mixed samples (1000 participants) with healthcare professionals and participants working outside of the healthcare sector, and one study evaluated training for emergency personnel in general population volunteers (82 participants). The included studies were mainly conducted in a hospital setting and included physicians, nurses and different hospital personnel (37/44 studies). Participants mainly included women (68%) from young to middle adulthood (mean age range: 27 to 52.4 years). Most studies investigated group interventions (30 studies) of high training intensity (18 studies; > 12 hours/sessions), that were delivered face-to-face (29 studies). Of the included studies, 19 compared a resilience training based on combined theoretical foundation (e.g. mindfulness and cognitive-behavioural therapy) versus unspecific comparators (e.g. wait-list). The studies were funded by different sources (e.g. hospitals, universities), or a combination of different sources. Fifteen studies did not specify the source of their funding, and one study received no funding support. Risk of bias was high or unclear for most studies in performance, detection, and attrition bias domains. At post-intervention, very-low certainty evidence indicated that, compared to controls, healthcare professionals receiving resilience training may report higher levels of resilience (standardised mean difference (SMD) 0.45, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.25 to 0.65; 12 studies, 690 participants), lower levels of depression (SMD -0.29, 95% CI -0.50 to -0.09; 14 studies, 788 participants), and lower levels of stress or stress perception (SMD -0.61, 95% CI -1.07 to -0.15; 17 studies, 997 participants). There was little or no evidence of any effect of resilience training on anxiety (SMD -0.06, 95% CI -0.35 to 0.23; 5 studies, 231 participants; very-low certainty evidence) or well-being or quality of life (SMD 0.14, 95% CI -0.01 to 0.30; 13 studies, 1494 participants; very-low certainty evidence). Effect sizes were small except for resilience and stress reduction (moderate). Data on adverse effects were available for three studies, with none reporting any adverse effects occurring during the study (very-low certainty evidence). AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS For healthcare professionals, there is very-low certainty evidence that, compared to control, resilience training may result in higher levels of resilience, lower levels of depression, stress or stress perception, and higher levels of certain resilience factors at post-intervention. The paucity of medium- or long-term data, heterogeneous interventions and restricted geographical distribution limit the generalisability of our results. Conclusions should therefore be drawn cautiously. The findings suggest positive effects of resilience training for healthcare professionals, but the evidence is very uncertain. There is a clear need for high-quality replications and improved study designs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Andrea Chmitorz
- Faculty of Social Work, Health Care and Nursing, Esslingen University of Applied Sciences, Esslingen, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Jochem König
- Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics (IMBEI), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Harald Binder
- Institute for Medical Biometry and Statistics, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Michèle Wessa
- Leibniz Institute for Resilience Research (LIR), Mainz, Germany
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Neuropsychology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Klaus Lieb
- Leibniz Institute for Resilience Research (LIR), Mainz, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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Longitudinal associations between occupational stress and depressive symptoms. Ann Occup Environ Med 2020; 32:e13. [PMID: 32528690 PMCID: PMC7272382 DOI: 10.35371/aoem.2020.32.e13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Most of the studies that have examined the association between the sub-factors of occupational stress and depressive symptoms have used cross-sectional data. However, our study has longitudinally measured the occupational stress and depressive symptoms of Korean workers of a semiconductor manufacturing company across six years to intending to investigate the associations between the sub-factors of occupational stress and depressive symptoms using longitudinal data. Methods Data collected from the workers of a semiconductor manufacturing company. Out of 1,013 recruited workers, 405 (40.0%) completed the survey questionnaires at 3 and 6-year follow-ups. Occupational stress was measured using a shorter version of the Korean Occupational Stress Scale (KOSS), whereas depressive symptoms were assessed using the Korean version of the Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depressive Symptoms Scale (CES-D). The data of male and female participants independently analyzed. Longitudinal associations were analyzed using panel data analysis with fixed effects. Results In panel data analysis with fixed effects, job insecurity (B = 0.048, p-value = 0.004) was associated with depressive symptoms among male workers. In female workers, inadequate social support (B = 0.080, p-value < 0.001), job insecurity (B = 0.039, p-value = 0.004), lack of reward (B = 0.059, p-value = 0.004) and discomfort in occupational climate (B = 0.074, p-value < 0.001) were associated with depressive symptoms among female workers. Conclusions Temporal changes in the sub-factors of occupational stress were associated with changes in depressive symptoms within the same period. There was a gender difference in occupational stress sub-factors related to depressive symptoms.
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Guerra PC, Santaella DF, D'Almeida V, Santos-Silva R, Tufik S, Len CA. Yogic meditation improves objective and subjective sleep quality of healthcare professionals. Complement Ther Clin Pract 2020; 40:101204. [PMID: 32891281 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2020.101204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our aim was to evaluate the impact of yogic meditation in sleep quality of healthy pediatric healthcare professionals. METHOD Subjects were randomized into a meditation group (MG, n = 32), who attended a yogic meditation class held for eight weeks, or a control group (CG, n = 32). Polysomnography (PSG) and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) scores were determined at baseline and after eight weeks. RESULTS The PSQI overall score was lower (p = 0.024) in the MG. Reported sleep latency (p = 0.046) and MG sleep latency (p = 0.028) were lower in the MG at eight weeks. PSG showed a time effect (p = 0.020) on decreasing minutes of wake after sleep onset in the MG. There were strong and significant correlations between PSG and PSQI variables. There was a significant time effect on heart rate (p = 0.001) in the MG. CONCLUSION Yogic meditation may be used as an integrative health tool to foster improvements in the health-related aspects of healthcare professionals' lives. TRIAL REGISTRATION CinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02947074; trial registry name: Meditation Practice in Pediatric Healthcare Professionals: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscilla Caetano Guerra
- Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, Department of Paediatrics, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Borges Lagoa 802, CEP 04038-001, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Danilo F Santaella
- Sports Center, University of São Paulo (CEPEUSP), Rua Rio Doce 27, CEP 06350-030, Brazil
| | - Vania D'Almeida
- Department of Psychobiology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Napoleão de Barros 925, 3rd, Floor, CEP 04024-002, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rogerio Santos-Silva
- Department of Psychobiology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Napoleão de Barros 925, 3rd, Floor, CEP 04024-002, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sergio Tufik
- Department of Psychobiology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Napoleão de Barros 925, 3rd, Floor, CEP 04024-002, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Claudio Arnaldo Len
- Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, Department of Paediatrics, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Borges Lagoa 802, CEP 04038-001, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Al-Bouwarthan M, Quinn MM, Kriebel D, Wegman DH. Risk of Kidney Injury among Construction Workers Exposed to Heat Stress: A Longitudinal Study from Saudi Arabia. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17113775. [PMID: 32466510 PMCID: PMC7312975 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17113775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Saudi Arabia (SA) is one of the hottest countries in the world. This study was conducted to assess the impact of summer heat stress in Southeastern SA on short-term kidney injury (KI) among building construction workers and to identify relevant risk factors. Measurements of urinary albumin-creatinine ratio (ACR), height, weight, hydration, symptoms, daily work and behavioral factors were collected in June and September of 2016 from a cohort of construction workers (n = 65) in Al-Ahsa Province, SA. KI was defined as ACR ≥ 30 mg/g. Multivariate linear regression analysis was used to assess factors related to cross-summer changes in ACR. A significant increase in ACR occurred among most workers over the study period; incidence of KI was 18%. Risk factors associated with an increased ACR included dehydration, short sleep, and obesity. The findings suggest that exposure to summer heat may lead to the development of KI among construction workers in this region. Adequate hydration and promotion of healthy habits among workers may help reduce the risk of KI. A reduction in work hours may be the most effective intervention because this action can reduce heat exposure and improve sleep quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Al-Bouwarthan
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell, 61 Wilder Street, Lowell, MA 01854, USA; (M.M.Q.); (D.K.); (D.H.W.)
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence:
| | - Margaret M. Quinn
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell, 61 Wilder Street, Lowell, MA 01854, USA; (M.M.Q.); (D.K.); (D.H.W.)
| | - David Kriebel
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell, 61 Wilder Street, Lowell, MA 01854, USA; (M.M.Q.); (D.K.); (D.H.W.)
| | - David H. Wegman
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell, 61 Wilder Street, Lowell, MA 01854, USA; (M.M.Q.); (D.K.); (D.H.W.)
- La Isla Network, P.O. Box 816, Ada, MI 49301, USA
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Kongsin T, Chaiear N, Thanomsieng N, Boonjaraspinyo S. Validation of the Brief Thai Version of the Work-Related Quality of Life Scale (Brief THWRQLS). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17051503. [PMID: 32110953 PMCID: PMC7084910 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17051503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The Work-Related Quality of Life Scale (WRQLS) was developed by Van Laar et al. The Thai version was developed and could be completed in 13.4 min on average with some items having a factor loading of less than 0.4. The aims of this study were (a) to develop a brief Thai version of the WRQLS (brief THWRQLS), and (b) to assess its validity and reliability. A descriptive correlation study was performed with the components of THWRQLS selected based on statistical and judgmental criteria. The statistical criteria were developed using secondary data from 320 physicians identifying discrimination, internal consistency and exploratory factor analysis (EFA). The judgmental criteria included content validity and agreement by five experts. The web-based brief THWRQLS was then used by 250 health personnel, and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted and internal consistency assessed. The brief THWRQLS consisted of seven dimensions, encompassing 25 of the original 32 items. The CFA revealed that most of the standardized factor loadings were greater than 0.5. The χ2goodness of fit was 268.772 (p < 0.01), the comparative fit index was 0.971, the root mean square error of approximation was 0.039, and the standardized root mean square residual was 0.049. The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of the scale was 0.94, and almost all dimensions were greater than 0.7 except for that of “stress at work,” which was 0.53. In conclusion, the brief THWRQLS appeared to be valid, and the reliability was acceptable, except in the dimension of “stress at work.”
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Affiliation(s)
- Teerayut Kongsin
- Division of Occupational Medicine, Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand (S.B.)
| | - Naesinee Chaiear
- Division of Occupational Medicine, Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand (S.B.)
- Occupational Health and Safety Office, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +66-4336-3588
| | - Nikom Thanomsieng
- Department of Biostatistics and Demography, Faculty of Public Health, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Sirintip Boonjaraspinyo
- Division of Occupational Medicine, Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand (S.B.)
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Beschoner P, von Wietersheim J, Jarczok MN, Braun M, Schönfeldt-Lecuona C, Jerg-Bretzke L, Steiner L. Changes in Working Conditions and Mental Health Among Intensive Care Physicians Across a Decade. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:145. [PMID: 32296349 PMCID: PMC7136524 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: International studies have shown that among physicians working in intensive care, a relatively high level of work load, an elevated risk of developing burnout and reduced mental health are frequent. The implementation of a legislative intervention in Germany with the goal to reduce the working hours of physicians, offered an opportunity to investigate the potential influence of occupational conditions on stress and mental health. The present study investigates working conditions, occupational stress and burnout risk in two samples of German Intensive Care Physicians in 2006 and 2016. The aim was to assess how occupational and private stress factors influenced burnout and Effort-Reward-Imbalance indices over this time-period. Methods: Intensive care physicians were surveyed during the annual conference of their profession in two cross-sectional studies (10-year gap). Data on demographic (occupational, family), medical history, and mental health (burnout and Effort-Reward-Imbalance) were assessed by paper pencil questionnaires. Results: In total, N = 2,085 physicians participated (2006: N = 1,403, 2016: N = 695), with N = 1,840 (2006 = 1,248; 2016 = 592) eligible for propensity score matching comparison. In general, more working hours per week and working days on weekends were associated with an increased effort/reward imbalance and higher burnout scores. From 2006 to 2016, reductions in working hours per week and days worked on weekends were accompanied by improvements in occupational stress (Effort-Reward-Imbalance) and by trend in mental health indices (burnout) after matching for differences in working conditions. Conclusions: The study presents the changes concerning occupational stress factors and mental wellbeing in physicians working in intensive care in 2016 as compared to 2006. These findings may promote the implementation of preventive strategies in the vocational context to protect health and productivity of physicians, especially intensive care physicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Beschoner
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Jörn von Wietersheim
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Marc N Jarczok
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Maxi Braun
- Clinic of Psychosomatics Kloster Dießen, Dießen am Ammersee, Germany
| | | | - Lucia Jerg-Bretzke
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Laurenz Steiner
- III. Medical Clinic, University Medical Center Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
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