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Watanabe K, Hikichi H, Imamura K, Sakuraya A, Yoshikawa T, Izawa S, Eguchi H, Inoue A, Yoshida K, Orihashi Y, Tsutsumi A. Multifaceted ORganizational InterventiONs (M-ORION) project for prevention of depression and anxiety among workers: study protocol for a five-arm cluster randomized controlled trial. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:601. [PMID: 38402156 PMCID: PMC10894478 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18112-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression and anxiety are the most common mental health issues experienced by workers. Although organizational intervention has been extensively evaluated as a primary prevention of depression and anxiety, the corresponding scientific evidence remains limited because of the lack of cluster randomized controlled trials (cRCT) and failure to detect organizational-level effects. Therefore, the present study aims to assess the preventive effects of four types of interventions on depression and anxiety among workers in an open, five-arm, parallel-group cRCT. METHODS Overall, 140 worksites and 18,200 nested employees will be recruited from September 2023. The eligible worksites will be randomly assigned to each of the five arms, and programs will be offered for 6-12 months. The five arms are 1) psychoeducation for workers, 2) psychoeducation for supervisors, 3) work environment improvement, 4) physical activity promotion, and 5) active control. The primary outcomes of interest are depression and anxiety. We will also assess psychosocial factors at work, work engagement, health-related quality of life, well-being, economic outcomes, physiological outcomes of health checkups, cortisol levels extracted from fingernails, and indices representing the process and implementation outcomes, including program completion rates. Follow-up surveys will be conducted at 6, 12, and 18 months from baseline, and the primary endpoint is set at the 6-month follow-up. Repeated-measures multi-level mixed modeling will be used to evaluate the effect of each intervention compared with the control. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The study protocol was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Kitasato University Medical Ethics Organization (C22-082). The results and findings of this study will be published in a scientific journal and disseminated to companies that participate in the study. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER UMIN000050949.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Watanabe
- Department of Public Health, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitazato, Minami-Ku, Sagamihara, 252-0374, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Hikichi
- Department of Public Health, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitazato, Minami-Ku, Sagamihara, 252-0374, Japan
| | - Kotaro Imamura
- Department of Digital Mental Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Asuka Sakuraya
- Department of Digital Mental Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Toru Yoshikawa
- Research Center for Overwork-Related Disorders (RECORDs), National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, Japan, 6-21-1 Nagao, Tama-Ku, Kawasaki, 214-8585, Japan
| | - Shuhei Izawa
- Occupational Stress and Health Management Research Group, National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, Japan, 6-21-1 Nagao, Tama-Ku, Kawasaki, 214-8585, Japan
| | - Hisashi Eguchi
- Department of Mental Health, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-Ku, Kitakyushu, 807-8555, Japan
| | - Akiomi Inoue
- Institutional Research Center, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-Ku, Kitakyushu, 807-8555, Japan
| | - Kengo Yoshida
- IID Co. Ltd, 4-1-11 Yushima, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-0034, Japan
| | - Yasushi Orihashi
- Clinical Research Center in Hiroshima, Hiroshima University Hospital, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-Ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Akizumi Tsutsumi
- Department of Public Health, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitazato, Minami-Ku, Sagamihara, 252-0374, Japan.
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Volpi L, Giusino D, Pietrantoni L, De Angelis M. Does Organizational Commitment to Mental Health Affect Team Processes? A Longitudinal Study. J Healthc Leadersh 2023; 15:339-353. [PMID: 38020722 PMCID: PMC10680482 DOI: 10.2147/jhl.s429232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Team processes, such as reflexivity and participation, are critical for organizational sustainability, especially in high-reliability professions such as healthcare. However, little is known about health-related predictors of team processes. Basing our hypotheses on the Input-Process-Output (IPO) model, this study investigates the influence of perceived organizational commitment to mental health (OCMH) on healthcare workers' team reflexivity and participation via mental health-specific leadership (MHsL) and team autonomy. Patients and Methods The study involved 82 participants (ie, physicians, nurses, healthcare assistants, healthcare technicians, and physiotherapists) working in the Medicine, Emergency, and Neurological Departments at a large public healthcare organization in Italy. Data was gathered at 2-time points, 14 months apart. Results The results suggest that healthcare workers' perception of their organization's support for mental health at T1 significantly impacts team participation at T2 through MHsL and team autonomy. Likewise, the indirect effect of OCMH through MHsL and team autonomy was also significant in the model predicting team reflexivity. However, in both models, no direct relationship of OCMH on the dependent variables was found. Conclusion The findings highlight the importance of a mental health-supportive environment and leadership to foster team autonomy and, subsequentially, team processes, which are fundamental for performance and patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Volpi
- Department of Psychology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Davide Giusino
- Department of Psychology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Vogt KS, Simms-Ellis R, Grange A, Griffiths ME, Coleman R, Harrison R, Shearman N, Horsfield C, Budworth L, Marran J, Johnson J. Critical care nursing workforce in crisis: A discussion paper examining contributing factors, the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and potential solutions. J Clin Nurs 2023; 32:7125-7134. [PMID: 36823696 DOI: 10.1111/jocn.16642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES The critical care nursing workforce is in crisis, with one-third of critical care nurses worldwide intending to leave their roles. This paper aimed to examine the problem from a wellbeing perspective, offering implications for research, and potential solutions for organisations. DESIGN Discursive/Position paper. METHOD The discussion is based on the nursing and wellbeing literature. It is guided by the authors' collaborative expertise as both clinicians and researchers. Data were drawn from nursing and wellbeing peer-reviewed literature, such as reviews and empirical studies, national surveys and government and thinktank publications/reports. RESULTS Critical care nurses have been disproportionately affected by the COVID-19 pandemic with studies consistently showing critical care nurses to have the worst psychological outcomes on wellbeing measures, including depression, burnout and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). These findings are not only concerning for the mental wellbeing of critical care nurses, they also raise significant issues for healthcare systems/organisations: poor wellbeing, increased burnout and PTSD are directly linked with critical care nurses intending to leave the profession. Thus, the wellbeing of critical care nurses must urgently be supported. Resilience has been identified as a protective mechanism against the development of PTSD and burnout, thus offering evidence-based interventions that address resilience and turnover have much to offer in tackling the workforce crisis. However, turnover data must be collected by studies evaluating resilience interventions, to further support their evidence base. Organisations cannot solely rely on the efficacy of these interventions to address their workforce crisis but must concomitantly engage in organisational change. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that critical care nurses are in urgent need of preventative, evidence-based wellbeing interventions, and make suggestions for research and practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Sophie Vogt
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Bradford, UK
- School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Ruth Simms-Ellis
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Bradford, UK
- School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Angela Grange
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Bradford, UK
| | | | - Rebecca Coleman
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Bradford, UK
- School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Reema Harrison
- Centre for Health Systems and Safety Research, Australian Institute of Health Innovation, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | | | - Luke Budworth
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Bradford, UK
- School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Jayne Marran
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Bradford, UK
| | - Judith Johnson
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Bradford, UK
- School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Blanco-Donoso LM, Hodzic S, Garrosa E, Carmona-Cobo I, Kubicek B. Work Intensification and Its Effects on Mental Health: The Role of Workplace Curiosity. THE JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2023; 157:423-450. [PMID: 37531138 DOI: 10.1080/00223980.2023.2235069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Work intensification is a psychosocial risk that has been increasing in recent decades and may have been accentuated after the COVID-19 pandemic. Its effects on health are negative, but they can be moderated by contextual and personal factors. The aim of this study was twofold: to analyze the effect of work intensification on workers' stress, anxiety, and depression and to explore the role of workplace curiosity in these relationships. The study design was cross-sectional, and a total of 766 Spanish workers (58.9% female) with different occupations completed the survey. The results showed that work intensification was associated with the symptomatology of stress, anxiety, and depression, with a medium effect size. Women workers showed higher work intensification, but its association with mental health was equally strong for both genders. Workers with higher levels of the workplace curiosity dimension "stress tolerance" showed less impaired mental health in the presence of work intensification. However, workers with higher levels of the workplace curiosity dimension "deprivation sensitivity" showed more symptoms of stress, anxiety, and depression when faced with high work intensification. The results were discussed in terms of their contributions to the field of study of work intensification, the future research they could inspire, and the prevention and intervention measures they could motivate.
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Kekkonen M, Korkiakangas E, Laitinen J, Oinas-Kukkonen H. Factors Reducing the Use of a Persuasive mHealth App and How to Mitigate Them: Thematic Analysis. JMIR Hum Factors 2023; 10:e40579. [PMID: 37358883 DOI: 10.2196/40579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies on which persuasive features may work for different users in health contexts are rare. The participants in this study were microentrepreneurs. We built a persuasive mobile app to help them to recover from work. Representatives of this target group tend to be very busy due to work, which was reflected in their use of the app during the randomized controlled trial intervention. Microentrepreneurs also often have dual roles; they are professionals in their line of work as well as entrepreneurs managing their own business, which may add to their workload. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to present users' views on the factors that hinder their use of the mobile health app that we developed and how these factors could be mitigated. METHODS We interviewed 59 users and conducted both data-driven and theory-driven analyses on the interviews. RESULTS Factors reducing app use could be divided into 3 categories: use context (problem domain-related issues, eg, the lack of time due to work), user context (user-related issues, eg, concurrent use of other apps), and technology context (technology-related issues, eg, bugs and usability). Due to the nature of the participants' entrepreneurship, which often interferes with personal life, it became clear that designs targeting similar target groups should avoid steep learning curves and should be easy (quick) to use. CONCLUSIONS Personalized tunneling-guiding the user through a system via personalized solutions-could help similar target groups with similar issues better engage with and keep using health apps because of the easy learning curve. When developing health apps for interventions, background theories should not be interpreted too strictly. Applying theory in practice may require rethinking approaches for adaptation as technology has evolved rapidly and continues to evolve. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03648593; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03648593.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markku Kekkonen
- Oulu Advanced Research on Service and Information Systems, Faculty of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | | | | | - Harri Oinas-Kukkonen
- Oulu Advanced Research on Service and Information Systems, Faculty of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
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Selander K, Korkiakangas E, Toivanen M, Yli-Kaitala K, Kangas H, Nevanperä N, Laitinen J. Engaging Leadership and Psychological Safety as Moderators of the Relationship between Strain and Work Recovery: A Cross-Sectional Study of HSS Employees. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11071045. [PMID: 37046972 PMCID: PMC10093905 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11071045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Work in the health and social sector (HSS) is highly straining and therefore recovery from work needs to be promoted. Less is known on how job resources can be used to alleviate job strain and increase recovery from work. Thus, we analyzed the following: the association between job demands and work recovery; the connections of engaging leadership and psychological safety to recovery from work; and the moderating effects of engaging leadership and psychological safety on the relationship between strain and recovery from work. This cross-sectional study of 18,155 HSS and 4347 eldercare employees in 2020 using linear regression analysis showed that job strain (p < 0.001) and moral distress (p < 0.001) were associated with decreased recovery from work. Engaging leadership (p < 0.001) and psychologically safe work community (p < 0.001) enhanced recovery from work independently. Engaging leadership mitigated the harmful effect of job strain (p < 0.01) and moral distress (p < 0.05), and psychological safety mitigated the effect of job strain (p < 0.001), but not moral distress (p > 0.05). Thus, it is important to reduce job strain so that employees recover from work. Further job resources such as engaging leadership and psychological safety are important in themselves as they support recovery from work and employees' well-being, but also as they alleviate job demands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsikka Selander
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Työterveyslaitos, 70032 Kuopio, Finland
| | | | - Minna Toivanen
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Työterveyslaitos, 00032 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kirsi Yli-Kaitala
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Työterveyslaitos, 00032 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hilpi Kangas
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Työterveyslaitos, 00032 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nina Nevanperä
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Työterveyslaitos, 90032 Oulu, Finland
| | - Jaana Laitinen
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Työterveyslaitos, 90032 Oulu, Finland
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Selander K, Nikunlaakso R, Korkiakangas E, Sinervo T, Laitinen J. Association of poor perceived work ability and psychosocial work-related factors in health and social service worker age groups: a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e066506. [PMID: 36878661 PMCID: PMC9990690 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-066506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Previous work ability studies have primarily focused on old workers and physical health. This study investigated how poor perceived work ability (PPWA) is associated with work-related factors in different health and social service (HSS) worker age groups. DESIGN Cross-sectional survey in 2020. SETTING HSS employees (general HSS and eldercare) in nine Finnish public sector organisations. PARTICIPANTS All employees who were employed in the organisation completed self-reported questionnaires. Of the original sample (N=24 459, response rate 67%), 22 528 gave consent for research use. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES Participants evaluated their psychosocial work environment and work ability. Lowest decile of work ability was categorised as poor. The association between psychosocial work-related factors and PPWA in different age-groups of HSS workers, adjusting for perceived health, was analysed with logistic regression. RESULTS The proportion of PPWA was highest in shift workers, eldercare employees, practical nurses and registered nurses. Considerable variation between age groups exists in the work-related psychosocial factors associated with PPWA. Among young employees engaging leadership and working time and work task autonomy were statistically significant, whereas in middle-aged and old employees procedural justice and ethical strain were highlighted. The strength of the association with perceived health also differs in age groups (young: OR=3.77, 95% CI 3.30 to 4.30; middle-aged: OR=4.66, 95% CI 4.22 to 5.14; old: OR=6.16, 95% CI 5.20 to 7.18). CONCLUSIONS Young employees would benefit from engaging leadership and mentoring, and from more working time and work task autonomy. As employees get older they would benefit more from job modification and from ethical and just organisation culture.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Timo Sinervo
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
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Yan W, Zhou X, Song C, Luo X, Wang H, Yin P, Wu H, Ye J. Emotional exhaustion and unhealthy eating among COVID-19 front-line healthcare workers during recuperation: A cross-sectional study. Front Public Health 2022; 10:926395. [PMID: 36091496 PMCID: PMC9453554 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.926395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Thousands of healthcare workers on the frontlines who have been battling the COVID-19 pandemic could face emotional and mental health risks even after their critical pandemic work. This study examined the impact of affective rumination on emotional exhaustion and the spillover effect of affective rumination on unhealthy food consumption among healthcare workers during recuperation. Methods A total of 418 frontline healthcare workers from 10 Chinese medical institutions were recruited through random cluster sampling. A linear mixed model in SPSS25.0 was performed for hierarchical regression to analyze the effect of affective rumination on unhealthy food consumption via emotional exhaustion. A conditional process analysis was employed to investigate the moderating role of family support in the mediating effect of emotional exhaustion. Results Front-line healthcare workers scored at a medium level on an emotional exhaustion scale (2.45 ± 0.88). Affective rumination mediated by emotional exhaustion had a significant positive predictive effect on unhealthy food consumption. The indirect effect accounted for ~43.9% of the total effect. Family support amplified the effect of emotional exhaustion on unhealthy food consumption (β = 0.092, p < 0.05). Conclusion Affective rumination could be a cause of emotional exhaustion and unhealthy food consumption. First-line healthcare workers could be screened for possible emotional exhaustion through the evaluation of affective rumination in order to provide them with targeted interventions. Family support did not prove to be beneficial in all cases as it enhanced the positive effect of emotional exhaustion on unhealthy eating in the current study. Therefore, family support should be carefully integrated in future interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yan
- School of Economics and Business Administration, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xinyao Zhou
- Economics and Management School, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Caiping Song
- Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xu Luo
- Department of Medical Administration, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Huan Wang
- Development and Planning Department, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Pengpeng Yin
- Department of Scientific Research and Education, Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children, Women and Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China,*Correspondence: Hao Wu
| | - Junying Ye
- Department of Scientific Research and Education, Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children, Women and Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China,Junying Ye
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Public health emergency and psychological distress among healthcare workers: a scoping review. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:1396. [PMID: 35858867 PMCID: PMC9299961 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-13761-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pandemics and natural disasters are immensely stressful events for frontline healthcare workers, as they provide patient care to a population undergoing the impacts of the disaster while experiencing such impacts to their personal lives themselves. With increased stressors to an already demanding job, frontline healthcare workers are at a higher risk of adverse effects to their mental health. The current COVID-19 pandemic has already shown to have had significant impact on the mental health of healthcare workers with increased rates of burnout, anxiety and depression. There is already literature showing the utility of individual programs at improving mental health, however, interventions at the organizational level are not well explored. This scoping review aims to provide an overview and determine the utility of a systematic review of the current body of literature assessing the effectiveness of mental health interventions at the organizational level for healthcare workers during or after a public health emergency. Methods Electronic databases such as Medline on OVID, CENTRAL, PsycINFO on OVID and Embase on OVID were searched. A targeted search of the grey literature was conducted to identify any non-indexed studies. The population, concept and context approach was used to develop the eligibility criteria. Articles were included if (1) they assessed the impact of interventions to improve wellbeing or reduce the distress on healthcare personnel, first responders or military actively providing medical care; (2) provided quantitative or qualitative data with clearly defined outcomes that focused on established mental health indicators or qualitative descriptions on distress and wellbeing, validated scales and workplace indicators; (3) focused on organizational level interventions that occurred in a public health crisis. Results The literature search resulted in 4007 citations and 115 potentially relevant full-text papers. All except 5 were excluded. There were four review articles and one experimental study. There were no other unpublished reports that warranted inclusion. Conclusions There is a distinct lack of research examining organizational interventions addressing mental resilience and well-being in healthcare workers in disaster settings. A systematic review in this area would be low yield. There is a clear need for further research in this area.
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-022-13761-1.
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Mattila TEA, Perkiö-Mäkelä M, Hirvonen M, Kinnunen B, Väre M, Rautiainen RH. Work exposures and mental and musculoskeletal symptoms in organic farming. ERGONOMICS 2022; 65:242-252. [PMID: 34554049 DOI: 10.1080/00140139.2021.1974102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study focussed on harmful exposures and mental and musculoskeletal symptoms in organic and conventional farming using interview data of Finnish farmers over the winter of 2014-2015. The data consisted of 2,169 full-time farmers, out of whom 231 (11%) practiced organic farming and 1,938 (89%) conventional farming. Exposure to poisonous and irritating substances was less frequent while exposures to vibration and mould ('smell of root cellar') were more frequent on organic farms. Mental and musculoskeletal symptoms were slightly more common among organic farmers, but the associations were not statistically significant in regression modelling. Risk factors for mental symptoms included animal production, hired labour, female gender, constant hurry, working alone, economic uncertainty, and inadequate recovery from workdays. Risk factors for musculoskeletal symptoms included older age, female gender, constant hurry, economic uncertainty, difficult working postures, heavy lifting and carrying, and inadequate recovery. Workload and recovery, managing the transition period and better follow-up of the occupational well-being were identified as concerns among organic farmers. Practitioner summary: Converting from conventional to organic farming has become increasingly common. Farmer interviews indicated that exposure to poisonous and irritating substances was less frequent while exposures to vibration and mould were more frequent on organic farms. Mental and musculoskeletal symptoms and risk factors were similar in both types of farming.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Maria Hirvonen
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Kuopio Regional Office, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Birgitta Kinnunen
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Kuopio Regional Office, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Minna Väre
- Natural Resources Institute, Helsinki, Finland
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Sonnentag S, Cheng BH, Parker SL. Recovery from Work: Advancing the Field Toward the Future. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ORGANIZATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY AND ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR 2022. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-012420-091355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Unwinding and recovering from everyday work is important for sustaining employees’ well-being, motivation, and job performance. Accordingly, research on work recovery has grown tremendously in the past few decades. This article summarizes research on recovery during work breaks, leisure-time evenings, weekends, and vacations. Focusing on day-level and longitudinal field studies, the article describes predictors as well as outcomes of recovery in different recovery settings and addresses potential between-group and cross-cultural differences. It presents findings from intervention research demonstrating that recovery processes can be improved by deliberate training programs. The article then discusses how future recovery research can address emerging themes relevant to the future of work—changing boundaries between work and nonwork life, increased reliance on teams and technology, and changes in employment arrangements. We conclude with an overall summary, open research questions, directions for methodological improvements, and practical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Sonnentag
- Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Bonnie Hayden Cheng
- Department of Management and Strategy, Faculty of Business and Economics, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | - Stacey L. Parker
- Centre for Business and Organisational Psychology, School of Psychology, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
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Park JH, Jung YS, Kim JY, Bae SH. Mobile web-based self-management program for breast cancer patients with chemotherapy-induced amenorrhoea: A quasi-experimental study. Nurs Open 2021; 9:655-665. [PMID: 34719131 PMCID: PMC8685845 DOI: 10.1002/nop2.1113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim The aim of this study was to examine the effects of a mobile web‐based self‐management program on menopausal symptoms, self‐efficacy and quality of life in breast cancer patients with chemotherapy‐induced amenorrhoea. Design A quasi‐experimental pretest–posttest design with repeated measures. Methods The study was carried out at a university medical centre between October 2017 and September 2018. The intervention group received a 12‐week mobile web‐based self‐management program including education and coaching/support. Multiple instruments were used to measure menopausal symptoms, self‐efficacy, and quality of life at pre‐test, after the intervention (post‐test), and 3 months post‐intervention (follow‐up test). Repeated measure ANOVA was used to analyse the data. Results In the intervention group, menopausal symptoms were significantly improved compared to the control group at the follow‐up test. In the follow‐up test, the intervention group's self‐efficacy and quality of life were significantly improved, whereas that of the control group was decreased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Hee Park
- College of Nursing, Research Institute of Nursing Science, Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Yong Sik Jung
- Department of Breast Surgery, School of Medicine, Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Ji Young Kim
- Department of Breast Surgery, School of Medicine, Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Sun Hyoung Bae
- College of Nursing, Research Institute of Nursing Science, Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea
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13
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Virtanen A, Van Laethem M, de Bloom J, Kinnunen U. Drammatic breaks: Break recovery experiences as mediators between job demands and affect in the afternoon and evening. Stress Health 2021; 37:801-818. [PMID: 33665896 DOI: 10.1002/smi.3041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The present study focused on within-workday recovery, which has received less scholarly attention than has recovery outside work. We examined six break recovery experiences (detachment, relaxation, autonomy, mastery, meaning and affiliation) as possible mediators between daily emotional job demands, positive and negative affect both in the afternoon and in the evening. We conducted a one-work week diary study (N = 107) among Finnish schoolteachers with three daily measurements per workday. Most participants (88%) were women, and the average age was 50 years. The data were analysed with multilevel path modelling. Regarding daily afternoon affect, both low break detachment and low break meaning mediated the relationship between high daily emotional demands and low afternoon positive affect and high afternoon negative affect. Regarding daily evening affect, only low break meaning mediated the relationship between high daily emotional demands and low evening positive affect. In addition, afternoon positive and negative affect did mediate the relationships between break detachment and meaning and positive and negative evening affect. Our findings offer new insights into the interplay of daily job demands, break recovery experiences and affective well-being. Despite detachment, meaning, which has received limited research attention as a recovery experience, seems to play an important role in within-workday recovery. Our study also suggests that successful break recovery can benefit employees' affective well-being in the evening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anniina Virtanen
- Faculty of Social Sciences (Psychology), Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Michelle Van Laethem
- Department of Work and Organizational Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jessica de Bloom
- Faculty of Social Sciences (Psychology), Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.,Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ulla Kinnunen
- Faculty of Social Sciences (Psychology), Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
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14
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Ross A, Geiger-Brown J, Yang L, Flynn S, Cox R, Wehrlen L, Lee LJ. Acute and chronic fatigue in nurses providing direct patient care and in non-direct care roles: A cross-sectional analysis. Nurs Health Sci 2021; 23:628-638. [PMID: 34145719 DOI: 10.1111/nhs.12862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Nurses are at risk for work-related fatigue, which can impact their health, well-being, and job readiness. The purpose of this study was to examine the levels, types, and factors associated with fatigue in registered nurses (RNs) in direct patient care (DCRNs) and in non-direct patient care (non-DCRNs) roles. A cross-sectional survey was administered to 313 RNs. Measures included: Multidimensional Fatigue Symptom Inventory, Occupational Fatigue Exhaustion Recovery, Brief COPE, PROMIS® Global Sleep Disturbance, and Job Content Questionnaire. Acute fatigue levels in RNs were similar to those in diseased populations, and nearly 50% reported moderate/high levels of chronic fatigue. DCRNs reported higher levels of acute and chronic fatigue than non-DCRNs, but the differences were small and disappeared when accounting for other factors associated with fatigue including sleep disturbance, job strain, workplace support, maladaptive coping, and especially intershift recovery, which accounted for 20%-41% of fatigue variability. This study suggests that it may not be only nurses providing direct patient care who are at risk for acute and chronic fatigue. Intershift recovery may be particularly important in alleviating acute and chronic fatigue in nurses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyson Ross
- Nursing Department, Research and Translational Science, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jeanne Geiger-Brown
- George Washington University School of Nursing, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Li Yang
- Nursing Department, Research and Translational Science, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Sharon Flynn
- Nursing Department, Research and Translational Science, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Robert Cox
- Nursing Department, Research and Translational Science, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Leslie Wehrlen
- Office of Research Support & Compliance (ORSC), NIH Clinical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Lena J Lee
- Nursing Department, Research and Translational Science, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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15
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Järvelä-Reijonen E, Järvinen S, Karhunen L, Föhr T, Myllymäki T, Sairanen E, Lindroos S, Peuhkuri K, Hallikainen M, Pihlajamäki J, Puttonen S, Korpela R, Ermes M, Lappalainen R, Kujala UM, Kolehmainen M, Laitinen J. Sleep-time physiological recovery is associated with eating habits in distressed working-age Finns with overweight: secondary analysis of a randomised controlled trial. J Occup Med Toxicol 2021; 16:23. [PMID: 34183032 PMCID: PMC8237494 DOI: 10.1186/s12995-021-00310-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Association of physiological recovery with nutrition has scarcely been studied. We investigated whether physiological recovery during sleep relates to eating habits, i.e., eating behaviour and diet quality. Methods Cross-sectional baseline analysis of psychologically distressed adults with overweight (N = 252) participating in a lifestyle intervention study in three Finnish cities. Recovery measures were based on sleep-time heart rate variability (HRV) measured for 3 consecutive nights. Measures derived from HRV were 1) RMSSD (Root Mean Square of the Successive Differences) indicating the parasympathetic activation of the autonomic nervous system and 2) Stress Balance (SB) indicating the temporal ratio of recovery to stress. Eating behaviour was measured with questionnaires (Intuitive Eating Scale, Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire, Health and Taste Attitude Scales, ecSatter Inventory™). Diet quality was quantified using questionnaires (Index of Diet Quality, Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test Consumption) and 48-h dietary recall. Results Participants with best RMSSD reported less intuitive eating (p = 0.019) and less eating for physical rather than emotional reasons (p = 0.010) compared to those with poorest RMSSD; participants with good SB reported less unconditional permission to eat (p = 0.008), higher fibre intake (p = 0.028), higher diet quality (p = 0.001), and lower alcohol consumption (p < 0.001) compared to those with poor SB, although effect sizes were small. In subgroup analyses among participants who reported working regular daytime hours (n = 216), only the associations of SB with diet quality and alcohol consumption remained significant. Conclusions Better nocturnal recovery showed associations with better diet quality, lower alcohol consumption and possibly lower intuitive eating. In future lifestyle interventions and clinical practice, it is important to acknowledge sleep-time recovery as one possible factor linked with eating habits. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT01738256, Registered 17 August 2012. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12995-021-00310-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elina Järvelä-Reijonen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Suvi Järvinen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Leila Karhunen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland.,Institute of Clinical Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Kuopio University Hospital, P.O. Box 100, FI-70029 KYS, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Tiina Föhr
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Tero Myllymäki
- Department of Psychology, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Essi Sairanen
- Department of Psychology, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014, Jyväskylä, Finland.,Department of Psychology, Karlstad University, SE-651 88, Karlstad, Sweden
| | - Sanni Lindroos
- Medical Faculty, Pharmacology, Medical Nutrition Physiology, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 63, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Katri Peuhkuri
- Medical Faculty, Pharmacology, Medical Nutrition Physiology, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 63, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland.,Social Services and Health Care, City of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Maarit Hallikainen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jussi Pihlajamäki
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland.,Institute of Clinical Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Kuopio University Hospital, P.O. Box 100, FI-70029 KYS, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Sampsa Puttonen
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, P.O. Box 40, FI-00251, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Riitta Korpela
- Medical Faculty, Pharmacology, Medical Nutrition Physiology, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 63, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland.,Medical Faculty, Human Microbe Research Program, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 63, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Miikka Ermes
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Raimo Lappalainen
- Department of Psychology, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Urho M Kujala
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Marjukka Kolehmainen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland.,Institute of Clinical Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Kuopio University Hospital, P.O. Box 100, FI-70029 KYS, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jaana Laitinen
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, P.O. Box 40, FI-00251, Helsinki, Finland
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16
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Wendsche J, de Bloom J, Syrek C, Vahle-Hinz T. Always on, never done? How the mind recovers after a stressful workday? GERMAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT-ZEITSCHRIFT FUR PERSONALFORSCHUNG 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/23970022211004598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Many workers experience their jobs as effortful or even stressful, which can result in strain. Although recovery from work would be an adaptive strategy to prevent the adverse effects of work-related strain, many workers face problems finding enough time to rest and to mentally disconnect from work during nonwork time. What goes on in workers’ minds after a stressful workday? What is it about their jobs that makes them think about their work? This special issue aims to bridge the gap between research on recovery processes mainly examined in Occupational Health Psychology, and research on work stress and working hours, often investigated in the field of Human Resource Management. We first summarize conceptual and theoretical streams from both fields of research. In the following, we discuss the contributions of the five special issue papers and conclude with key messages and directions for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jessica de Bloom
- Tampere University, Finland
- University of Groningen, The Netherlands
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17
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Cortés-Denia D, Lopez-Zafra E, Pulido-Martos M. Physical and psychological health relations to engagement and vigor at work: A PRISMA-compliant systematic review. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-021-01450-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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18
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Kondo K, de Almeida TB, Wada RS, de Sousa MDLR. Effectiveness of integrative medicine practices on workers' health within private companies. Rev Bras Med Trab 2021; 18:265-273. [PMID: 33597976 PMCID: PMC7879473 DOI: 10.47626/1679-4435-2020-569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The attention to workers’ health is fundamental not only considering economical aspects (reducing absenteeism) but also for guaranteeing their quality of life. Objectives: To verify whether integrative medicine practices are effective for workers in private companies. Methods: Data were obtained from medical records of the acupuncture service of Irmandade da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Piracicaba, in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. This is a descriptive study that evaluated the effectiveness of invasive and non-invasive integrative medicine practices in workers’ health through the use of the visual numeric scale for measuring pain, as well as independent variables (sex, age, types of physical and emotional complaints). Our sample consisted of 259 workers in 14 companies. Results were statistically evaluated using a Student’s t-test and a significance level of p = 0.05. Results: Most of the patients that sought integrative medicine services were women (73%), with a mean age of 38 years. The mean visual numeric scale value for workers that had physical pain complaints at the first session was 4.96, while that at the final session was 1.38; this reduction was significant (p < 0.0001). Emotional symptoms showed a visual numeric scale reduction of 5.18 to 1.90 (p < 0.0001). Regardless of the practice type (invasive or non-invasive), we observed a reduction in visual numeric scale values over integrative medicine sessions, although invasive therapies resulted in a stronger reduction than non-invasive ones (p < 0.0001). Conclusions: Overall, integrative medicine practices had a positive impact on workers’ health, reducing physical and emotional pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koitshi Kondo
- Departamento de Ciências da Saúde e Odontologia Infantil, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp) - Piracicaba (SP), Brazil
| | - Talita Bonato de Almeida
- Departamento de Ciências da Saúde e Odontologia Infantil, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp) - Piracicaba (SP), Brazil
| | - Ronaldo Seichi Wada
- Departamento de Ciências da Saúde e Odontologia Infantil, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp) - Piracicaba (SP), Brazil
| | - Maria da Luz Rosário de Sousa
- Departamento de Ciências da Saúde e Odontologia Infantil, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp) - Piracicaba (SP), Brazil
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19
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Pollock A, Campbell P, Cheyne J, Cowie J, Davis B, McCallum J, McGill K, Elders A, Hagen S, McClurg D, Torrens C, Maxwell M. Interventions to support the resilience and mental health of frontline health and social care professionals during and after a disease outbreak, epidemic or pandemic: a mixed methods systematic review. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2020; 11:CD013779. [PMID: 33150970 PMCID: PMC8226433 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd013779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence from disease epidemics shows that healthcare workers are at risk of developing short- and long-term mental health problems. The World Health Organization (WHO) has warned about the potential negative impact of the COVID-19 crisis on the mental well-being of health and social care professionals. Symptoms of mental health problems commonly include depression, anxiety, stress, and additional cognitive and social problems; these can impact on function in the workplace. The mental health and resilience (ability to cope with the negative effects of stress) of frontline health and social care professionals ('frontline workers' in this review) could be supported during disease epidemics by workplace interventions, interventions to support basic daily needs, psychological support interventions, pharmacological interventions, or a combination of any or all of these. OBJECTIVES Objective 1: to assess the effects of interventions aimed at supporting the resilience and mental health of frontline health and social care professionals during and after a disease outbreak, epidemic or pandemic. Objective 2: to identify barriers and facilitators that may impact on the implementation of interventions aimed at supporting the resilience and mental health of frontline health and social care professionals during and after a disease outbreak, epidemic or pandemic. SEARCH METHODS On 28 May 2020 we searched the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Global Index Medicus databases and WHO Institutional Repository for Information Sharing. We also searched ongoing trials registers and Google Scholar. We ran all searches from the year 2002 onwards, with no language restrictions. SELECTION CRITERIA We included studies in which participants were health and social care professionals working at the front line during infectious disease outbreaks, categorised as epidemics or pandemics by WHO, from 2002 onwards. For objective 1 we included quantitative evidence from randomised trials, non-randomised trials, controlled before-after studies and interrupted time series studies, which investigated the effect of any intervention to support mental health or resilience, compared to no intervention, standard care, placebo or attention control intervention, or other active interventions. For objective 2 we included qualitative evidence from studies that described barriers and facilitators to the implementation of interventions. Outcomes critical to this review were general mental health and resilience. Additional outcomes included psychological symptoms of anxiety, depression or stress; burnout; other mental health disorders; workplace staffing; and adverse events arising from interventions. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Pairs of review authors independently applied selection criteria to abstracts and full papers, with disagreements resolved through discussion. One review author systematically extracted data, cross-checked by a second review author. For objective 1, we assessed risk of bias of studies of effectiveness using the Cochrane 'Risk of bias' tool. For objective 2, we assessed methodological limitations using either the CASP (Critical Appraisal Skills Programme) qualitative study tool, for qualitative studies, or WEIRD (Ways of Evaluating Important and Relevant Data) tool, for descriptive studies. We planned meta-analyses of pairwise comparisons for outcomes if direct evidence were available. Two review authors extracted evidence relating to barriers and facilitators to implementation, organised these around the domains of the Consolidated Framework of Implementation Research, and used the GRADE-CERQual approach to assess confidence in each finding. We planned to produce an overarching synthesis, bringing quantitative and qualitative findings together. MAIN RESULTS We included 16 studies that reported implementation of an intervention aimed at supporting the resilience or mental health of frontline workers during disease outbreaks (severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS): 2; Ebola: 9; Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS): 1; COVID-19: 4). Interventions studied included workplace interventions, such as training, structure and communication (6 studies); psychological support interventions, such as counselling and psychology services (8 studies); and multifaceted interventions (2 studies). Objective 1: a mixed-methods study that incorporated a cluster-randomised trial, investigating the effect of a work-based intervention, provided very low-certainty evidence about the effect of training frontline healthcare workers to deliver psychological first aid on a measure of burnout. Objective 2: we included all 16 studies in our qualitative evidence synthesis; we classified seven as qualitative and nine as descriptive studies. We identified 17 key findings from multiple barriers and facilitators reported in studies. We did not have high confidence in any of the findings; we had moderate confidence in six findings and low to very low confidence in 11 findings. We are moderately confident that the following two factors were barriers to intervention implementation: frontline workers, or the organisations in which they worked, not being fully aware of what they needed to support their mental well-being; and a lack of equipment, staff time or skills needed for an intervention. We are moderately confident that the following three factors were facilitators of intervention implementation: interventions that could be adapted for local needs; having effective communication, both formally and socially; and having positive, safe and supportive learning environments for frontline workers. We are moderately confident that the knowledge or beliefs, or both, that people have about an intervention can act as either barriers or facilitators to implementation of the intervention. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS There is a lack of both quantitative and qualitative evidence from studies carried out during or after disease epidemics and pandemics that can inform the selection of interventions that are beneficial to the resilience and mental health of frontline workers. Alternative sources of evidence (e.g. from other healthcare crises, and general evidence about interventions that support mental well-being) could therefore be used to inform decision making. When selecting interventions aimed at supporting frontline workers' mental health, organisational, social, personal, and psychological factors may all be important. Research to determine the effectiveness of interventions is a high priority. The COVID-19 pandemic provides unique opportunities for robust evaluation of interventions. Future studies must be developed with appropriately rigorous planning, including development, peer review and transparent reporting of research protocols, following guidance and standards for best practice, and with appropriate length of follow-up. Factors that may act as barriers and facilitators to implementation of interventions should be considered during the planning of future research and when selecting interventions to deliver within local settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Pollock
- Nursing, Midwifery and Allied Health Professions Research Unit, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, UK
| | - Pauline Campbell
- Nursing, Midwifery and Allied Health Professions Research Unit, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, UK
| | - Joshua Cheyne
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences (CCBS), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Julie Cowie
- Nursing, Midwifery and Allied Health Professions Research Unit, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, UK
| | - Bridget Davis
- Nursing, Midwifery and Allied Health Professions Research Unit, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, UK
| | - Jacqueline McCallum
- Department of Nursing and Community Health, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, UK
| | - Kris McGill
- Nursing, Midwifery and Allied Health Professions Research Unit, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, UK
| | - Andrew Elders
- Nursing, Midwifery and Allied Health Professions Research Unit, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, UK
| | - Suzanne Hagen
- Nursing, Midwifery and Allied Health Professions Research Unit, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, UK
| | - Doreen McClurg
- Nursing, Midwifery and Allied Health Professions Research Unit, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, UK
| | - Claire Torrens
- Nursing, Midwifery and Allied Health Professions Research Unit, University of Stirling, Glasgow, UK
| | - Margaret Maxwell
- Nursing, Midwifery and Allied Health Professions Research Unit, University of Stirling, Glasgow, UK
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20
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Mänttäri S, Oksa J, Lusa S, Korkiakangas E, Punakallio A, Oksanen T, Laitinen J. Interventions to promote work ability by increasing physical activity among workers with physically strenuous jobs: A scoping review. Scand J Public Health 2020; 49:206-218. [PMID: 32515284 PMCID: PMC7917572 DOI: 10.1177/1403494820917532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Aims: The potential benefits of workplace physical activity (PA)
interventions are in improving both health and important workplace outcomes.
Despite the differences in PA level between physically strenuous and inactive
work, the literature reporting the effectiveness of the interventions does not
usually differentiate physically active and inactive jobs. The aim of the
current study was therefore to collect and synthesise research evidence on
workplace PA interventions to promote work ability specifically among workers in
physically strenuous jobs by means of a scoping review.
Methods: The databases Medline, Cochrane Central and Scopus
were used to identify interventions to promote work ability by increasing PA
among workers in physically strenuous jobs. An iterative method was used to
obtain an overview of the study elements and to extract details on the study
design, sample, intervention, outcomes and effectiveness.
Results: A total of 47 studies evaluating eight categories
of interventions were found. Out of these, 18 reported significant effects on
work ability. Positive results came from a range of different interventions,
including aerobic exercise, strength training, combined aerobic exercise and
strength training, stretching, yoga, consultation and tailored physical exercise
programmes. Conclusions: Few interventions were effective
in promoting work ability by increasing PA among workers in physically
strenuous jobs. In particular, trials based on the demands of work,
multimodal interventions and applying wearable technology are
needed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Juha Oksa
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Finland
| | - Sirpa Lusa
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Finland
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21
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Demou E, Hale H, Hunt K. Understanding the mental health and wellbeing needs of police officers and staff in Scotland. POLICE PRACTICE & RESEARCH : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL 2020; 21:702-716. [PMID: 33408592 PMCID: PMC7116541 DOI: 10.1080/15614263.2020.1772782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Police work can be stressful and demanding and can impact on employee wellbeing. This study aimed to understand mental health (MH) issues and risk factors for poor MH in officers and staff of the Police Service of Scotland (PSoS); and gather their ideas of workplace wellbeing interventions that are suitable for this workforce. Face-to-face/telephone interviews were conducted with 30 Superintendents and eight stakeholders, recruited throughout PSoS. Interview topics included: MH issues; health/health behaviours; employment; and potentially beneficial workplace interventions. A thematic analysis approach was adopted. High levels of occupational stress and anxiety, currently or in the past, were reported, as were experiences of PTSD, anxiety and depression. The main stressors reported were working hours, workload, culture, leadership and organisational change. Officers and staff recognised progress towards promoting and managing MH in the service but identified interventions, including training, counselling, and environmental workplace changes as needed to address mental health issues within police cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelia Demou
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Hannah Hale
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Kate Hunt
- Institute for Social Marketing, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK
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22
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Laitinen J, Korkiakangas E, Mäkiniemi JP, Tiitinen S, Tikka P, Oinas-Kukkonen H, Simunaniemi AM, Ahola S, Jaako J, Kekkonen M, Muhos M, Heikkilä-Tammi K, Hannonen H, Lusa S, Punakallio A, Oksa J, Mänttäri S, Ilomäki S, Logren A, Verbeek J, Ruotsalainen J, Remes J, Ruusuvuori J, Oksanen T. The effects of counseling via a smartphone application on microentrepreneurs' work ability and work recovery: a study protocol. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:438. [PMID: 32245379 PMCID: PMC7118938 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-8449-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J Laitinen
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - E Korkiakangas
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | - J P Mäkiniemi
- Faculty of Management and Business, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - S Tiitinen
- Faculty of Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - P Tikka
- Faculty of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, Oulu Advanced Research on Service and Information Systems (OASIS), University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - H Oinas-Kukkonen
- Faculty of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, Oulu Advanced Research on Service and Information Systems (OASIS), University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - A M Simunaniemi
- Kerttu Saalasti Institute, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - S Ahola
- Faculty of Management and Business, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - J Jaako
- Faculty of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, Oulu Advanced Research on Service and Information Systems (OASIS), University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - M Kekkonen
- Faculty of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, Oulu Advanced Research on Service and Information Systems (OASIS), University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - M Muhos
- Kerttu Saalasti Institute, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - K Heikkilä-Tammi
- Faculty of Management and Business, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - H Hannonen
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | - S Lusa
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | - A Punakallio
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | - J Oksa
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | - S Mänttäri
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | - S Ilomäki
- Faculty of Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - A Logren
- Faculty of Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - J Verbeek
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | - J Ruotsalainen
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | - J Remes
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | - J Ruusuvuori
- Faculty of Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - T Oksanen
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
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Fernández-Sánchez H, King K, Enríquez-Hernández C. Revisiones Sistemáticas Exploratorias como metodología para la síntesis del conocimiento científico. ENFERMERÍA UNIVERSITARIA 2020. [DOI: 10.22201/eneo.23958421e.2020.1.697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Introducción: En la actualidad los sistemas de salud alrededor del mundo apuestan por una toma decisiones clínicas basadas en la evidencia científica. Para ello, es necesario que los profesionales de la salud consulten los resultados de las investigaciones científicas. Sin embargo, dada la gran cantidad de literatura, los investigadores han desarrollado metodologías de revisión para compilar los estudios científicos dentro de un área específica. Aun cuando existen más de 10 tipos de metodologías para la revisión de la literatura, la Revisión Sistemática Exploratoria (RSE) ha recibido poca atención en la literatura sobre métodos de investigación científica de habla hispana.
Objetivo: Detallar la metodología de la RSE, sus propósitos y las fases para su desarrollo.
Desarrollo: Este trabajo detalla las generalidades de la RSE basándose en la metodología propuesta por Arksey & O’Malley. Así mismo, se describen las áreas o ámbitos donde este tipo de revisión se puede emplear, las fases para desarrollar la revisión y ejemplos de las RSE.
Conclusiones: Las RSE tienen la fortaleza de hacer saber a los profesionales de la salud sobre un tema en específico que permita incidir en las políticas públicas. Al igual que las Revisiones Sistemáticas, las RSE utilizan una metodología clara y replicable, aportando datos confiables y científicos para los profesionales de la salud.
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Tiitinen S, Ilomäki S, Laitinen J, Korkiakangas EE, Hannonen H, Ruusuvuori J. Developing theory- and evidence-based counseling for a health promotion intervention: A discussion paper. PATIENT EDUCATION AND COUNSELING 2020; 103:234-239. [PMID: 31447199 DOI: 10.1016/j.pec.2019.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 08/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Although the use of theories and evidence is often stressed in the development of health promotion interventions, this does not guarantee the success of an intervention. Thus, we need to reflect on intervention development processes that use different types of theories and evidence. In this paper, we provide a reflective discussion on how we identified evidence-based behavior change techniques and counseling themes for a health promotion intervention. In addition, we discuss the challenges that we encountered and what we learned during the process: a) a lack of previous research and meta-analyses, b) inconsistencies in evidence, c) integrating evidence and theories that have different starting points, and d) collaborating with researchers who represent different evidence and theories. During the process, we benefitted from having the clear goal of conducting evidence- and theory-based work. We solved the challenges by, for example, utilizing different types of evidence and being reflective about the reasons behind any inconsistencies in the evidence. In retrospect, we would have benefitted from closer collaboration between the teams that worked separately with different evidence. These kinds of reflective descriptions of development processes and the challenges encountered during them may help other researchers and professionals avoid encountering the same challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanni Tiitinen
- Tampere University, FI-33014 Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Sakari Ilomäki
- Tampere University, FI-33014 Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Jaana Laitinen
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, 00032 Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, P.O. Box 18, Oulu, Finland
| | | | - Heli Hannonen
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, 00032 Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, P.O. Box 18, Oulu, Finland
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Relationships between recovery experiences and well-being among younger and older teachers. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2019; 93:213-227. [PMID: 31552505 PMCID: PMC7007884 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-019-01475-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Purpose The study had three aims. We investigated, first, how six recovery experiences (i.e., detachment, relaxation, control, mastery, meaning, and affiliation) during off-job time suggested by the DRAMMA model (Newman et al. in J Happiness Stud 15(3):555–578. 10.1007/s10902-013-9435-x, 2014) are related to well-being (i.e., vitality, life satisfaction, and work ability). Second, we examined how age related to these outcomes, and third, we investigated whether age moderated the relationships between recovery experiences and well-being outcomes. Methods A sample of 909 Finnish teachers responded to an electronic questionnaire (78% women, average age 51 years). The data were analyzed with moderated hierarchical regression analyses. Results Detachment from work, relaxation, control, and mastery were associated with higher vitality. Detachment, relaxation, meaning, and affiliation were related to higher life satisfaction. Older age was related to lower work ability, but not to vitality or life satisfaction. Older teachers benefited more from control and mastery during off-job time than did younger teachers in terms of vitality, whereas younger teachers benefited more from relaxation in terms of all well-being outcomes. Conclusions Detachment, relaxation, control, mastery, meaning, and affiliation during off-job time were related to higher well-being, supporting the DRAMMA model. Age moderated the relationships between control, mastery, and relaxation and vitality and life satisfaction. The role of aging in recovery from work needs further research.
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Lu L, Chou CY. Protecting Job Performance and Well‐Being in the Demanding Work Context: The Moderating Effect of Psychological Detachment for Chinese Employees. APPLIED PSYCHOLOGY-AN INTERNATIONAL REVIEW-PSYCHOLOGIE APPLIQUEE-REVUE INTERNATIONALE 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/apps.12216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luo Lu
- National Taiwan University Republic of China
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Halonen JI, Shiri R, Mänty M, Sumanen H, Solovieva S, Viikari-Juntura E, Kähönen M, Lehtimäki T, Raitakari OT, Lallukka T. Exposure to heavy physical work from early to later adulthood and primary healthcare visits due to musculoskeletal diseases in midlife: a register linked study. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e031564. [PMID: 31462488 PMCID: PMC6720465 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-031564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine whether exposure to heavy physical work from early to later adulthood is associated with primary healthcare visits due to cause-specific musculoskeletal diseases in midlife. DESIGN Prospective cohort study. SETTING Nationally representative Young Finns Study cohort, Finland. PARTICIPANTS 1056 participants of the Young Finns Study cohort. EXPOSURE MEASURE Physical work exposure was surveyed in early (18-24 years old, 1986 or 1989) and later adulthood (2007 and 2011), and it was categorised as: 'no exposure', 'early exposure only', 'later exposure only' and 'early and later exposure'. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES Visits due to any musculoskeletal disease and separately due to spine disorders, and upper extremity disorders were followed up from national primary healthcare register from the date of the third survey in 2011 until 2014. RESULTS Prevalence of any musculoskeletal disease during the follow-up was 20%, that for spine disorders 10% and that for upper extremity disorders 5%. Those with physically heavy work in early adulthood only had an increased risk of any musculoskeletal disease (risk ratio (RR) 1.55, 95% CI 1.05 to 2.28) after adjustment for age, sex, smoking, body mass index, physical activity and parental occupational class. Later exposure only was associated with visits due to any musculoskeletal disease (RR 1.46, 95% CI 1.01 to 2.12) and spine disorders (RR 2.40, 95% CI 1.41 to 4.06). Early and later exposure was associated with all three outcomes: RR 1.99 (95% CI 1.44 to 2.77) for any musculoskeletal disease, RR 2.43 (95% CI 1.42 to 4.14) for spine disorders and RR 3.97 (95% CI 1.86 to 8.46) for upper extremity disorders. CONCLUSIONS To reduce burden of musculoskeletal diseases, preventive actions to reduce exposure to or mitigate the consequences of physically heavy work throughout the work career are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaana I Halonen
- Centre of Expertise for Health and Work Ability, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Rahman Shiri
- Centre of Expertise for Health and Work Ability, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Minna Mänty
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hilla Sumanen
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Health Care and Emergency Care, South-Eastern Finland University of Applied Sciences, Kotka, Finland
| | - Svetlana Solovieva
- Centre of Expertise for Health and Work Ability, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eira Viikari-Juntura
- Centre of Expertise for Health and Work Ability, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mika Kähönen
- Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Olli T Raitakari
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Tea Lallukka
- Centre of Expertise for Health and Work Ability, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Luger T, Maher CG, Rieger MA, Steinhilber B. Work-break schedules for preventing musculoskeletal symptoms and disorders in healthy workers. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2019; 7:CD012886. [PMID: 31334564 PMCID: PMC6646952 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd012886.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Work-related musculoskeletal disorders are a group of musculoskeletal disorders that comprise one of the most common disorders related to occupational sick leave worldwide. Musculoskeletal disorders accounted for 21% to 28% of work absenteeism days in 2017/2018 in the Netherlands, Germany and the UK. There are several interventions that may be effective in tackling the high prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders among workers, such as physical, cognitive and organisational interventions. In this review, we will focus on work breaks as a measure of primary prevention, which are a type of organisational intervention. OBJECTIVES To compare the effectiveness of different work-break schedules for preventing work-related musculoskeletal symptoms and disorders in healthy workers, when compared to conventional or alternate work-break schedules. SEARCH METHODS We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, SCOPUS, Web of Science, ClinicalTrials.gov and the World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform, to April/May 2019. In addition, we searched references of the included studies and of relevant literature reviews. SELECTION CRITERIA We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of work-break interventions for preventing work-related musculoskeletal symptoms and disorders among workers. The studies were eligible for inclusion when intervening on work-break frequency, duration and/or type, compared to conventional or an alternate work-break intervention. We included only those studies in which the investigated population included healthy, adult workers, who were free of musculoskeletal complaints during study enrolment, without restrictions to sex or occupation. The primary outcomes were newly diagnosed musculoskeletal disorders, self-reported musculoskeletal pain, discomfort or fatigue, and productivity or work performance. We considered workload changes as secondary outcomes. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors independently screened titles, abstracts and full texts for study eligibility, extracted data and assessed risk of bias. We contacted authors for additional study data where required. We performed meta-analyses, where possible, and we assessed the overall quality of the evidence for each outcome of each comparison using the five GRADE considerations. MAIN RESULTS We included six studies (373 workers), four parallel RCTs, one cross-over RCT, and one combined parallel plus cross-over RCT. At least 295 of the employees were female and at least 39 male; for the remaining 39 employees, the sex was not specified in the study trial. The studies investigated different work-break frequencies (five studies) and different work-break types (two studies). None of the studies investigated different work-break durations. We judged all studies to have a high risk of bias. The quality of the evidence for the primary outcomes of self-reported musculoskeletal pain, discomfort and fatigue was low; the quality of the evidence for the primary outcomes of productivity and work performance was very low. The studies were executed in Europe or Northern America, with none from low- to middle-income countries. One study could not be included in the data analyses, because no detailed results have been reported.Changes in the frequency of work breaksThere is low-quality evidence that additional work breaks may not have a considerable effect on musculoskeletal pain, discomfort or fatigue, when compared with no additional work breaks (standardised mean difference (SMD) -0.08; 95% CI -0.35 to 0.18; three studies; 225 participants). Additional breaks may not have a positive effect on productivity or work performance, when compared with no additional work breaks (SMD -0.07; 95% CI -0.33 to 0.19; three studies; 225 participants; very low-quality evidence).We found low-quality evidence that additional work breaks may not have a considerable effect on participant-reported musculoskeletal pain, discomfort or fatigue (MD 1.80 on a 100-mm VAS scale; 95% CI -41.07 to 64.37; one study; 15 participants), when compared to work breaks as needed (i.e. microbreaks taken at own discretion). There is very low-quality evidence that additional work breaks may have a positive effect on productivity or work performance, when compared to work breaks as needed (MD 542.5 number of words typed per 3-hour recording session; 95% CI 177.22 to 907.78; one study; 15 participants).Additional higher frequency work breaks may not have a considerable effect on participant-reported musculoskeletal pain, discomfort or fatigue (MD 11.65 on a 100-mm VAS scale; 95% CI -41.07 to 64.37; one study; 10 participants; low-quality evidence), when compared to additional lower frequency work breaks. We found very low-quality evidence that additional higher frequency work breaks may not have a considerable effect on productivity or work performance (MD -83.00 number of words typed per 3-hour recording session; 95% CI -305.27 to 139.27; one study; 10 participants), when compared to additional lower frequency work breaks.Changes in the duration of work breaksNo trials were identified that assessed the effect of different durations of work breaks.Changes in the type of work breakWe found low-quality evidence that active breaks may not have a considerable positive effect on participant-reported musculoskeletal pain, discomfort and fatigue (MD -0.17 on a 1-7 NRS scale; 95% CI -0.71 to 0.37; one study; 153 participants), when compared to passive work breaks.Relaxation work breaks may not have a considerable effect on participant-reported musculoskeletal pain, discomfort or fatigue, when compared to physical work breaks (MD 0.20 on a 1-7 NRS scale; 95% CI -0.43 to 0.82; one study; 97 participants; low-quality evidence). AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS We found low-quality evidence that different work-break frequencies may have no effect on participant-reported musculoskeletal pain, discomfort and fatigue. For productivity and work performance, evidence was of very low-quality that different work-break frequencies may have a positive effect. For different types of break, there may be no effect on participant-reported musculoskeletal pain, discomfort and fatigue according to low-quality evidence. Further high-quality studies are needed to determine the effectiveness of frequency, duration and type of work-break interventions among workers, if possible, with much higher sample sizes than the studies included in the current review. Furthermore, work-break interventions should be reconsidered, taking into account worker populations other than office workers, and taking into account the possibility of combining work-break intervention with other interventions such as ergonomic training or counselling, which may may possibly have an effect on musculoskeletal outcomes and work performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tessy Luger
- University of TübingenInstitute of Occupational and Social Medicine and Health Services ResearchWilhelmstrasse 27TübingenGermany72074
| | - Christopher G Maher
- University of SydneySydney School of Public HealthLevel 10 North, King George V Building, Missenden Road, CamperdownSydneyNSWAustralia2050
| | - Monika A Rieger
- University of TübingenInstitute of Occupational and Social Medicine and Health Services ResearchWilhelmstrasse 27TübingenGermany72074
| | - Benjamin Steinhilber
- University of TübingenInstitute of Occupational and Social Medicine and Health Services ResearchWilhelmstrasse 27TübingenGermany72074
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Patel D. In this special issue of Occupational Medicine. Occup Med (Lond) 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/occmed/kqz002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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