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Nishijima H, Nozaki K, Mizuno M, Arai T, Amano Y. Extra tyrosine in the carbohydrate-binding module of Irpex lacteus Xyn10B enhances its cellulose-binding ability. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2015; 79:738-46. [PMID: 25560084 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2014.996203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The xylanase (Xyn10B) that strongly adsorbs on microcrystalline cellulose was isolated from Driselase. The Xyn10B contains a Carbohydrate-binding module family 1 (CBM1) (IrpCBMXyn10B) at N-terminus. The canonical essential aromatic residues required for cellulose binding were conserved in IrpCBMXyn10B; however, its adsorption ability was markedly higher than that typically observed for the CBM1 of an endoglucanase from Trametes hirsuta (ThCBMEG1). An analysis of the CBM-GFP fusion proteins revealed that the binding capacity to cellulose (7.8 μmol/g) and distribution coefficient (2.0 L/μmol) of IrpCBMXyn10B-GFP were twofold higher than those of ThCBMEG1-GFP (3.4 μmol/g and 1.2 L/μmol, respectively), used as a reference structure. Besides the canonical aromatic residues (W24-Y50-Y51) of typical CBM1-containing proteins, IrpCBMXyn10B had an additional aromatic residue (Y52). The mutation of Y52 to Ser (IrpCBMY52S-GFP) reduced these adsorption parameters to 4.4 μmol/g and 1.5 L/μmol, which were similar to those of ThCBMEG1-GFP. These results indicate that Y52 plays a crucial role in strong cellulose binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroto Nishijima
- a Department of Bioscience & Textile Technology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Technology , Shinshu University , Nagano , Japan
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2
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Rytioja J, Hildén K, Yuzon J, Hatakka A, de Vries RP, Mäkelä MR. Plant-polysaccharide-degrading enzymes from Basidiomycetes. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2014; 78:614-49. [PMID: 25428937 PMCID: PMC4248655 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00035-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 220] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
SUMMARY Basidiomycete fungi subsist on various types of plant material in diverse environments, from living and dead trees and forest litter to crops and grasses and to decaying plant matter in soils. Due to the variation in their natural carbon sources, basidiomycetes have highly varied plant-polysaccharide-degrading capabilities. This topic is not as well studied for basidiomycetes as for ascomycete fungi, which are the main sources of knowledge on fungal plant polysaccharide degradation. Research on plant-biomass-decaying fungi has focused on isolating enzymes for current and future applications, such as for the production of fuels, the food industry, and waste treatment. More recently, genomic studies of basidiomycete fungi have provided a profound view of the plant-biomass-degrading potential of wood-rotting, litter-decomposing, plant-pathogenic, and ectomycorrhizal (ECM) basidiomycetes. This review summarizes the current knowledge on plant polysaccharide depolymerization by basidiomycete species from diverse habitats. In addition, these data are compared to those for the most broadly studied ascomycete genus, Aspergillus, to provide insight into specific features of basidiomycetes with respect to plant polysaccharide degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Rytioja
- Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, Division of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kristiina Hildén
- Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, Division of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jennifer Yuzon
- Fungal Physiology, CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Annele Hatakka
- Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, Division of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ronald P de Vries
- Fungal Physiology, CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands Fungal Molecular Physiology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Miia R Mäkelä
- Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, Division of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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3
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Irpex lacteus, a white-rot fungus with biotechnological potential — review. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2009; 54:375-90. [DOI: 10.1007/s12223-009-0053-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2009] [Revised: 04/29/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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4
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Hamada N, Kodaira R, Nogawa M, Shinji K, Ito R, Amano Y, Shimosaka M, Kanda T, Okazaki M. Role of cellulose-binding domain of exocellulase I from white rot basidiomycete Irpex lacteus. J Biosci Bioeng 2005; 91:359-62. [PMID: 16233004 DOI: 10.1263/jbb.91.359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2000] [Accepted: 01/08/2001] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The core fragment (designated P-42), devoid of the cellulose-binding domain (CBD) in the C-terminus and prepared from Irpex lacteus exocellulase I (Ex-1), was isolated by limited proteolysis using papain. Both the hydrolytic activity and binding ability of the isolated P-42 toward insoluble cellulose were lower than those of the native Ex-1, whereas Ex-1 and P-42 showed similar hydrolytic activities toward soluble substrates. These results indicate that the CBD of I. lacteus Ex-1 is the important domain which could enhance hydrolytic activity and binding ability of the enzyme toward insoluble cellulose. In addition, the isolated P-42 was different from the native Ex-1 in terms of enzymatic properties such as pH and temperature stabilities. These differences in stability, with regard to pH and temperature, between P-42 and the native Ex-1 are probably due to the O-linked sugar chains existing in the linker region.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Hamada
- Department of Applied Biology, Faculty of Textile Science and Technology, Shinshu University, 3-15-1 Tokida, Ueda 386-8567, Japan
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5
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Toda H, Takada S, Amano Y, Kanda T, Okazaki M, Shimosaka M. Expression of a Cellobiohydrolase cDNA from the White Rot Fungus Irpex lacteus in Aspergillus oryzae. J Appl Glycosci (1999) 2005. [DOI: 10.5458/jag.52.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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6
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Sul OJ, Kim JH, Park SJ, Son YJ, Park BR, Chung DK, Jeong CS, Han IS. Characterization and molecular cloning of a novel endoglucanase from Trichoderma sp. C-4. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2004; 66:63-70. [PMID: 15322773 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-004-1713-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2004] [Revised: 06/24/2004] [Accepted: 07/09/2004] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A fungal strain, C-4, was isolated from etiolated leaves. Based on taxonomic studies, the fungus C-4 can be classified as a strain of Trichoderma species. When strain C-4 was cultured in Mandels' medium at 28 degrees C for 6 days, the enzyme activities detected in the broth corresponded to 8.2 U/ml (28.1 U/mg) carboxymethylcellulase activity. An endoglucanase (EG; F-I-II) was purified from the culture filtrate of the strain through a four-step procedure-chromatography on Sephacryl S-200, DEAE-Sephadex A-50, Con A-Sepharose, and Chromatofocusing on Mono-P (HPLC). The molecular weight of this EG, which was called C4endoII, was determined to be about 51 kDa. The optimum temperature and pH of C4endoII were 50 degrees C and 5.0, respectively. Incubation at 50 degrees C for 24 h did not destroy the cellulose degradation activity. Amino acid sequence analysis revealed the N-terminal sequence of an internal peptide of C4endoII to be Phe-Ala-Gly-Ile-Asn-Ile-Ala-Gly-Phe-Asp-Phe, which is homologous to EGII from Trichoderma reesei. A C4endoII cDNA (C4endoII) was cloned from a cDNA library constructed using the mRNA of the strain cultivated in a cellulase-induction medium. The deduced protein sequence of C4endoII was 417 amino acids long and had a putative signal sequence of 21 amino acids with a predicted cleavage site after Ala-21. A single potential N-glycosylation site was present in the amino acid sequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ok-Ju Sul
- Department of Biological Science, University of Ulsan, 680-749 Ulsan, South Korea
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7
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Nozaki K, Kano A, Amano Y, Murata T, Usui T, Ito K, Kanda T. Transglycosylation Reaction and Acceptor Specificity of Exo- and Endo-type Cellulases. J Appl Glycosci (1999) 2004. [DOI: 10.5458/jag.51.87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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8
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Ito F, Amano Y, Nozaki K, Inder M. Saxena, R.Brown Jr. M, Kanda T. Hydrolysis of Water-Soluble and Water-Insoluble Cellulosic Substrates by Endo-.BETA.-1,4-Glucanase from Acetobacter xylinum. J Appl Glycosci (1999) 2004. [DOI: 10.5458/jag.51.297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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9
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Kasinath A, Novotný Č, Svobodová K, Patel KC, Šašek V. Decolorization of synthetic dyes by Irpex lacteus in liquid cultures and packed-bed bioreactor. Enzyme Microb Technol 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0141-0229(02)00279-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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10
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Role of cellulose-binding domain of exocellulase I from White rot basidiomycete Irpex lacteus. J Biosci Bioeng 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s1389-1723(01)80151-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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11
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Ohmiya Y, Samejima M, Shiroishi M, Amano Y, Kanda T, Sakai F, Hayashi T. Evidence that endo-1,4-beta-glucanases act on cellulose in suspension-cultured poplar cells. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2000; 24:147-58. [PMID: 11069690 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-313x.2000.00860.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Suspension-cultured poplar (Populus alba) cells produce two distinct endo-1,4-beta-glucanases, one of which is released in the extracellular culture medium and the other localized in their walls. Two cDNA clones, PopCel1 and PopCel2, isolated from a poplar cDNA library, encode the extracellular and the wall-bound endo-1, 4-beta-glucanases, respectively, based upon deduced amino acid sequences. The products of these two genes contained domains conserved in endo-1,4-beta-glucanase (family 9) and showed 91.5% amino acid identity. The levels of both PopCel1 and PopCel2 mRNAs increased during the lag phase of growth and decreased rapidly during the linear phase. After the levels had decreased, they were again increased by addition of sucrose to the culture medium and further enhanced by the addition of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) in the presence of sucrose. The accumulation of the mRNAs was correlated with the solubilization of cello-oligosaccharides. Cello-oligosaccharides and xyloglucan were also solubilized from the wall preparations of poplar cells incubated with enzyme preparations from the extracellular culture medium and walls. An antibody against both PopCel proteins reduced the production of cello-oligosaccharides by the extracellular enzyme by 90% and that by the wall-bound enzyme by 55%, and also prevented xyloglucan solubilization. The results show that the accumulation of poplar endo-1,4-beta-glucanases is regulated indirectly by auxin in the presence of sucrose and can act on cellulose in suspension-cultured poplar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Ohmiya
- Wood Research Institute, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
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12
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Hamada N, Okumura R, Fuse N, Kodaira R, Shimosaka M, Kanda T, Okazaki M. Isolation and transcriptional analysis of a cellulase gene (cell) from the basidiomycete Irpex lacteus. J Biosci Bioeng 1999; 87:97-102. [PMID: 16232432 DOI: 10.1016/s1389-1723(99)80015-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/1998] [Accepted: 10/15/1998] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
A gene (named cell) homologous to the cellobiohydrolase I gene (cbhl) of Trichoderma reesei was isolated and sequenced from the white rot basidiomycete Irpex lacteus MC-2. The cell open reading frame consists of 1551 bp, which is interrupted by two introns, encoding a polypeptide of 517 amino acid residues with a calculated molecular mass of 54,522 Da. The deduced amino acid sequence showed that CEL1 (the protein encoded by cell) has a modular structure consisting of a catalytic domain of 449 amino acids and a C-terminal cellulose-binding domain (CBD) of 36 amino acids separated by a proline-, serine-, threonine-rich linker region of 32 amino acids. The CEL1 catalytic domain is homologous with fungal cellobiohydrolases (CBHs) belonging to family 7 of the glycosyl hydrolases. The transcription of cell was induced in the presence of various cellulosic substrates and repressed by glucose. It was therefore concluded that the reported sequence represents the first cellulase gene isolated from the basidiomycete Irpex.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Hamada
- Department of Applied Biology, Faculty of Textile Science and Technology, Shinshu University, 3-15-1 Tokida, Ueda, Nagano 386-8567, Japan
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13
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Hamada N, Ishikawa K, Fuse N, Kodaira R, Shimosaka M, Amano Y, Kanda T, Okazaki M. Purification, characterization and gene analysis of exo-cellulase II (Ex-2) from the white rot basidiomycete Irpex lacteus. J Biosci Bioeng 1999; 87:442-51. [PMID: 16232497 DOI: 10.1016/s1389-1723(99)80092-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/1998] [Accepted: 12/07/1998] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A new exo-type cellulase, named exo-cellulase II (Ex-2), was purified from the crude enzyme preparation of Irpex lacteus. Ex-2 was very similar to the previously characterized exo-cellulase I (Ex-1) with respect to enzymatic features such as optimal pH, temperature, heat stability, and catalytic activity. However, Ex-2 exhibited greater pH stability than Ex-1. The molecular mass and carbohydrate content of Ex-2 (56,000, 4.0%) were different from those of Ex-1 (53,000, 2.0%). A cellulase gene (named cel2) encoding both Ex-2 and Ex-1 was isolated from an I. lacteus genomic library. The cel2 gene was found to consist of 1569 bp with an open reading frame encoding 523 amino acids, interrupted by two introns. The deduced amino acid sequences revealed that cel2 ORF has a modular structure consisting of a catalytic domain and a fungal-type cellulose-binding domain (CBD) separated by a serine-rich linker region. The catalytic domain was homologous to those of fungal cellobiohydrolases belonging to family 7 of the glycosyl hydrolases. Northern blot analysis showed that expression of the cel2 gene was induced by various cellulosic substrates and repressed by glucose, fructose, and lactose.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Hamada
- Department of Applied Biology, Faculty of Textile Science and Technology, Shinshu University, 3-15-1 Tokida, Ueda, Nagano 386-8567, Japan
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14
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Synergistic actions of exo-type cellulases in the hydrolysis of cellulose with different crystallinities. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0922-338x(97)89248-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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15
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Hoshino E, Nomura M, Takai M, Okazaki M, Nisizawa K, Kanda T. Action of exo- and endo-type cellulases from Irpex lacteus on Valonia cellulose. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/0922-338x(94)90117-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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16
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D�sterh�ft EM, Bonte AW, Venekamp JC, Voragen AGJ. The role of fungal polysaccharidases in the hydrolysis of cell wall materials from sunflower and palm-kernel meals. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 1993; 9:544-54. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00386291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 03/30/1993] [Accepted: 03/31/1993] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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17
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Enokibara S, Mori N, Kitamoto Y. Purification and some properties of a carboxymethyl cellulase from Favolus arcularius. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/0922-338x(92)90167-s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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18
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19
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21
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Viebrock A, Zumft WG. Physical mapping of transposon Tn5 insertions defines a gene cluster functional in nitrous oxide respiration by Pseudomonas stutzeri. J Bacteriol 1987; 169:4577-80. [PMID: 2820935 PMCID: PMC213824 DOI: 10.1128/jb.169.10.4577-4580.1987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
By transposon Tn5 mutagenesis, 19 strains of Pseudomonas stutzeri were acquired that had defects in nitrous oxide respiration (Nos- phenotype). A physical map of the mutants showed nearly random Tn5 insertions into genomic DNA within a single region ca. 8 kilobases long. Mutants were characterized immunochemically, enzymatically, and chemically. Several functions related to the synthesis and regulation of nitrous oxide reductase were associated with this DNA region, indicating that in P. stutzeri part of the genetic information necessary to respire nitrous oxide is clustered.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Viebrock
- Lehrstuhl für Mikrobiologie, Universität Karlsruhe, Federal Republic of Germany
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22
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Gardner RM, Doerner KC, White BA. Purification and characterization of an exo-beta-1,4-glucanase from Ruminococcus flavefaciens FD-1. J Bacteriol 1987; 169:4581-8. [PMID: 3115960 PMCID: PMC213825 DOI: 10.1128/jb.169.10.4581-4588.1987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
An exo-beta-1,4-glucanase (Exo A) from Ruminococcus flavefaciens FD-1 was purified to homogeneity and characterized. Enzyme activity was monitored during purification by using the substrate p-nitrophenyl-beta-D-cellobioside (NPC). Over 85% of the NPC activity was found to be extracellular once the filter paper was degraded (7 days). Culture supernatant was harvested, and the protein was concentrated by ultrafiltration. The retentate (greater than or equal to 300,000 Mr), containing most of the activity against NPC, was then fractionated with a TSK DEAE-5PW column. This yielded a sharp major peak of NPC enzyme activity, followed by a broader, less active area that appeared to contain at least six minor peaks of lower enzymatic activity. Further purification was achieved by chromatography with a hydroxylapatite column. Finally, gel filtration chromatography yielded a homogeneous enzyme (Exo A) as determined by silver stains of both sodium dodecyl sulfate- and nondenaturing electrophoresis gels. Substrate specificity experiments and the products of cellulose digestion indicate that the enzyme was an exo-beta-1,4-glucanase. Exo A required Ca2+ for maximal activity and had an apparent Km of 3.08 mM for NPC, with a Vmax of 0.298 mumol/min per mg of protein. The enzyme had an Mr of 230,000, as determined by gel filtration chromatography, and was a dimer of 118,000-Mr subunits. The N-terminal amino acid sequence of the enzyme is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Gardner
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 61801
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23
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Mukherjee M, Sengupta S. Mutagenesis of Protoplasts and Regeneration of Mycelium in the Mushroom
Volvariella volvacea. Appl Environ Microbiol 1986; 52:1412-4. [PMID: 16347245 PMCID: PMC239244 DOI: 10.1128/aem.52.6.1412-1414.1986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Regenerating protoplasts were obtained from mycelial culture of the mushroom
Volvariella volvacea
by the action of the lytic enzyme Novozym 234 in the presence of 0.01 M phosphate buffer (pH 6.0) containing 0.6 M NaCl. Regeneration was found to be poor in liquid medium, but more than 50% regeneration was achieved on solid 2% agar medium overlaid with 0.5% agar. Protoplasts of
V. volvacea
were found to be highly sensitive to the killing action of both UV irradiation and
N
-methyl-
N
′-nitro-
N
-nitrosoguanidine. However, no morphological or auxotrophic mutants could be obtained from protoplasts by chemical mutagenesis. Four types of morphological mutants and one auxotrophic (adenine-negative) mutant were obtained from UV-irradiated protoplasts. The adenine-negative mutant of
V. volvacea
was found to be stable, not losing auxotrophy on repeated subculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mukherjee
- Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Calcutta-700032, India
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Withers SG, Dombroski D, Berven LA, Kilburn DG, Miller RC, Warren RA, Gilkes NR. Direct 1H n.m.r. determination of the stereochemical course of hydrolyses catalysed by glucanase components of the cellulase complex. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1986; 139:487-94. [PMID: 3094517 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-291x(86)80017-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The stereochemical courses of the hydrolyses catalysed by three glycosidases have been determined directly by 1H nmr. The anomeric configuration of the initially formed product was ascertained in each case by observation of the chemical shift and coupling constant of the anomeric proton at the new hemiacetal centre. Two of the enzymes investigated, an endo-glucanase and an exo-glucanase are components of the cellulase complex of Cellulomonas fimi. The third enzyme is the beta-glucosidase from almond emulsin. Two of these enzymes, the exo-glucanase and the almond beta-glucosidase catalysed hydrolysis with retention of anomeric configuration, in agreement with previous observations on the almond enzyme. The endo-glucanase catalysed hydrolysis with inversion of configuration, this result being confirmed by optical rotation measurements. This 1H nmr approach has several advantages over other techniques in that it is applicable to a wide variety of glycosidases and substrates and it is non-destructive, allowing recovery of the enzyme.
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Hoebler C, Brillouet JM. Purification and properties of an endo-(1→4)-β-d-xylanase from irpex lacteus (Polyporus tulipiferae). Carbohydr Res 1984. [DOI: 10.1016/0008-6215(84)85092-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Microbial Biomass from Renewables: A Second Review of Alternatives. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1984. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-040307-3.50013-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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27
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Hsu TA, Gong CS, Tsao GT. Kinetic studies of cellodextrins hydrolyses by exocellulase fromTrichoderma reesei. Biotechnol Bioeng 1980. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.260221108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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28
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