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Gilliard G, Demortier T, Boubsi F, Jijakli MH, Ongena M, De Clerck C, Deleu M. Deciphering the distinct biocontrol activities of lipopeptides fengycin and surfactin through their differential impact on lipid membranes. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2024; 239:113933. [PMID: 38729019 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2024.113933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Lipopeptides produced by beneficial bacilli present promising alternatives to chemical pesticides for plant biocontrol purposes. Our research explores the distinct plant biocontrol activities of lipopeptides surfactin (SRF) and fengycin (FGC) by examining their interactions with lipid membranes. Our study shows that FGC exhibits a direct antagonistic activity against Botrytis cinerea and no marked immune-eliciting activity in Arabidopsis thaliana while SRF only demonstrates an ability to stimulate plant immunity. It also reveals that SRF and FGC exhibit diverse effects on membrane integrity and lipid packing. SRF primarily influences membrane physical state without significant membrane permeabilization, while FGC permeabilizes membranes without significantly affecting lipid packing. From our results, we can suggest that the direct antagonistic activity of lipopeptides is linked to their capacity to permeabilize lipid membrane while the stimulation of plant immunity is more likely the result of their ability to alter the mechanical properties of the membrane. Our work also explores how membrane lipid composition modulates the activities of SRF and FGC. Sterols negatively impact both lipopeptides' activities while sphingolipids mitigate the effects on membrane lipid packing but enhance membrane leakage. In conclusion, our findings emphasize the importance of considering both membrane lipid packing and leakage mechanisms in predicting the biological effects of lipopeptides. It also sheds light on the intricate interplay between the membrane composition and the effectiveness of the lipopeptides, providing insights for targeted biocontrol agent design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Gilliard
- Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics at Interfaces, UMRt BioEcoAgro 1158 INRAE, TERRA teaching and research centre, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Gembloux 5030, Belgium
| | - Thomas Demortier
- Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics at Interfaces, UMRt BioEcoAgro 1158 INRAE, TERRA teaching and research centre, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Gembloux 5030, Belgium
| | - Farah Boubsi
- Microbial Processes and Interactions laboratory, UMRt BioEcoAgro 1158 INRAE, TERRA teaching and research centre, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Gembloux 5030, Belgium
| | - M Haissam Jijakli
- Integrated and Urban Plant Pathology Laboratory, UMRt BioEcoAgro 1158 INRAE, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Gembloux 5030, Belgium
| | - Marc Ongena
- Microbial Processes and Interactions laboratory, UMRt BioEcoAgro 1158 INRAE, TERRA teaching and research centre, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Gembloux 5030, Belgium
| | - Caroline De Clerck
- AgricultureIsLife, UMRt BioEcoAgro 1158 INRAE, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Gembloux 5030, Belgium
| | - Magali Deleu
- Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics at Interfaces, UMRt BioEcoAgro 1158 INRAE, TERRA teaching and research centre, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Gembloux 5030, Belgium.
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2
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Zhang X, Tubergen PJ, Agorsor IDK, Khadka P, Tembe C, Denbow C, Collakova E, Pilot G, Danna CH. Elicitor-induced plant immunity relies on amino acids accumulation to delay the onset of bacterial virulence. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 192:601-615. [PMID: 36715647 PMCID: PMC10152640 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Plant immunity relies on the perception of microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) from invading microbes to induce defense responses that suppress attempted infections. It has been proposed that MAMP-triggered immunity (MTI) suppresses bacterial infections by suppressing the onset of bacterial virulence. However, the mechanisms by which plants exert this action are poorly understood. Here, we showed that MAMP perception in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) induces the accumulation of free amino acids in a salicylic acid (SA)-dependent manner. When co-infiltrated with Glutamine and Serine, two of the MAMP-induced highly accumulating amino acids, Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 expressed low levels of virulence genes and failed to produce robust infections in otherwise susceptible plants. When applied exogenously, Glutamine and Serine directly suppressed bacterial virulence and growth, bypassing MAMP perception and SA signaling. In addition, an increased level of endogenous Glutamine in the leaf apoplast of a gain-of-function mutant of Glutamine Dumper-1 rescued the partially compromised bacterial virulence- and growth-suppressing phenotype of the SA-induced deficient-2 (sid2) mutant. Our data suggest that MTI suppresses bacterial infections by delaying the onset of virulence with an excess of amino acids at the early stages of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomu Zhang
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
| | - Philip J Tubergen
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
| | - Israel D K Agorsor
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, College of Agriculture & Natural Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Pramod Khadka
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
| | - Connor Tembe
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
| | - Cynthia Denbow
- School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA
| | - Eva Collakova
- School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA
| | - Guillaume Pilot
- School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA
| | - Cristian H Danna
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
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3
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Toyota M, Betsuyaku S. In vivo Imaging Enables Understanding of Seamless Plant Defense Responses to Wounding and Pathogen Attack. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 63:1391-1404. [PMID: 36165346 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcac135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Plants are exposed to varied biotic stresses, including sequential or simultaneous attack by insects and pathogens. To overcome these complex stresses, plants must perceive each of the stresses, then integrate and relay the information throughout the plant body and eventually activate local and systemic resistance responses. Previous molecular genetic studies identified jasmonic acid and salicylic acid as key plant hormones of wound and immune responses. These hormones, combined with their antagonistic interaction, play critical roles in the initiation and regulation of defense responses against insects and pathogens. Aside from molecular and genetic information, the latest in vivo imaging technology has revealed that plant defense responses are regulated spatially and temporally. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of local and systemic defense responses against wounding and diseases with a focus on past and recent advances in imaging technologies. We discuss how imaging-based multiparametric analysis has improved our understanding of the spatiotemporal regulation of dynamic plant stress responses. We also emphasize the importance of compiling the knowledge generated from individual studies on plant wounding and immune responses for a more seamless understanding of plant defense responses in the natural environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masatsugu Toyota
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-Okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama, 338-8570 Japan
- Suntory Rising Stars Encouragement Program in Life Sciences (SunRiSE), Suntory Foundation for Life Sciences, 8-1-1 Seikadai, Seika-cho, Soraku-gun, Kyoto, 619-0284 Japan
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin, 430 Lincoln Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Shigeyuki Betsuyaku
- Department of Plant Life Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ryukoku University, 1-5 Yokotani, Seta Oe-cho, Otsu, Shiga, 520-2194 Japan
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4
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Köster P, DeFalco TA, Zipfel C. Ca 2+ signals in plant immunity. EMBO J 2022; 41:e110741. [PMID: 35560235 PMCID: PMC9194748 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2022110741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium ions function as a key second messenger ion in eukaryotes. Spatially and temporally defined cytoplasmic Ca2+ signals are shaped through the concerted activity of ion channels, exchangers, and pumps in response to diverse stimuli; these signals are then decoded through the activity of Ca2+ -binding sensor proteins. In plants, Ca2+ signaling is central to both pattern- and effector-triggered immunity, with the generation of characteristic cytoplasmic Ca2+ elevations in response to potential pathogens being common to both. However, despite their importance, and a long history of scientific interest, the transport proteins that shape Ca2+ signals and their integration remain poorly characterized. Here, we discuss recent work that has both shed light on and deepened the mysteries of Ca2+ signaling in plant immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Köster
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology and Zürich-Basel Plant Science Center, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas A DeFalco
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology and Zürich-Basel Plant Science Center, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Cyril Zipfel
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology and Zürich-Basel Plant Science Center, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.,The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
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5
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Khatri R, Pant SR, Sharma K, Niraula PM, Lawaju BR, Lawrence KS, Alkharouf NW, Klink VP. Glycine max Homologs of DOESN'T MAKE INFECTIONS 1, 2, and 3 Function to Impair Heterodera glycines Parasitism While Also Regulating Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase Expression. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:842597. [PMID: 35599880 PMCID: PMC9114929 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.842597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Glycine max root cells developing into syncytia through the parasitic activities of the pathogenic nematode Heterodera glycines underwent isolation by laser microdissection (LM). Microarray analyses have identified the expression of a G. max DOESN'T MAKE INFECTIONS3 (DMI3) homolog in syncytia undergoing parasitism but during a defense response. DMI3 encodes part of the common symbiosis pathway (CSP) involving DMI1, DMI2, and other CSP genes. The identified DMI gene expression, and symbiosis role, suggests the possible existence of commonalities between symbiosis and defense. G. max has 3 DMI1, 12 DMI2, and 2 DMI3 paralogs. LM-assisted gene expression experiments of isolated syncytia under further examination here show G. max DMI1-3, DMI2-7, and DMI3-2 expression occurring during the defense response in the H. glycines-resistant genotypes G.max [Peking/PI548402] and G.max [PI88788] indicating a broad and consistent level of expression of the genes. Transgenic overexpression (OE) of G. max DMI1-3, DMI2-7, and DMI3-2 impairs H. glycines parasitism. RNA interference (RNAi) of G. max DMI1-3, DMI2-7, and DMI3-2 increases H. glycines parasitism. The combined opposite outcomes reveal a defense function for these genes. Prior functional transgenic analyses of the 32-member G. max mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) gene family has determined that 9 of them act in the defense response to H. glycines parasitism, referred to as defense MAPKs. RNA-seq analyses of root RNA isolated from the 9 G. max defense MAPKs undergoing OE or RNAi reveal they alter the relative transcript abundances (RTAs) of specific DMI1, DMI2, and DMI3 paralogs. In contrast, transgenically-manipulated DMI1-3, DMI2-7, and DMI3-2 expression influences MAPK3-1 and MAPK3-2 RTAs under certain circumstances. The results show G. max homologs of the CSP, and defense pathway are linked, apparently involving co-regulated gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishi Khatri
- Department of Biological Sciences, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, United States
| | - Shankar R. Pant
- Department of Biological Sciences, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, United States
| | - Keshav Sharma
- Department of Biological Sciences, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, United States
| | - Prakash M. Niraula
- Department of Biological Sciences, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, United States
| | - Bisho R. Lawaju
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, United States
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Kathy S. Lawrence
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Nadim W. Alkharouf
- Department of Computer and Information Sciences, Towson University, Towson, MD, United States
| | - Vincent P. Klink
- Department of Biological Sciences, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, United States
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, United States
- USDA ARS NEA BARC Molecular Plant Pathology Laboratory, Beltsville, MD, United States
- Center for Computational Sciences High Performance Computing Collaboratory, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, United States
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6
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Liu Z, Hou S, Rodrigues O, Wang P, Luo D, Munemasa S, Lei J, Liu J, Ortiz-Morea FA, Wang X, Nomura K, Yin C, Wang H, Zhang W, Zhu-Salzman K, He SY, He P, Shan L. Phytocytokine signalling reopens stomata in plant immunity and water loss. Nature 2022; 605:332-339. [PMID: 35508659 PMCID: PMC9710542 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04684-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Stomata exert considerable effects on global carbon and water cycles by mediating gas exchange and water vapour1,2. Stomatal closure prevents water loss in response to dehydration and limits pathogen entry3,4. However, prolonged stomatal closure reduces photosynthesis and transpiration and creates aqueous apoplasts that promote colonization by pathogens. How plants dynamically regulate stomatal reopening in a changing climate is unclear. Here we show that the secreted peptides SMALL PHYTOCYTOKINES REGULATING DEFENSE AND WATER LOSS (SCREWs) and the cognate receptor kinase PLANT SCREW UNRESPONSIVE RECEPTOR (NUT) counter-regulate phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA)- and microbe-associated molecular pattern (MAMP)-induced stomatal closure. SCREWs sensed by NUT function as immunomodulatory phytocytokines and recruit SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS RECEPTOR-LIKE KINASE (SERK) co-receptors to relay immune signalling. SCREWs trigger the NUT-dependent phosphorylation of ABA INSENSITIVE 1 (ABI1) and ABI2, which leads to an increase in the activity of ABI phosphatases towards OPEN STOMATA 1 (OST1)-a key kinase that mediates ABA- and MAMP-induced stomatal closure5,6-and a reduction in the activity of S-type anion channels. After induction by dehydration and pathogen infection, SCREW-NUT signalling promotes apoplastic water loss and disrupts microorganism-rich aqueous habitats to limit pathogen colonization. The SCREW-NUT system is widely distributed across land plants, which suggests that it has an important role in preventing uncontrolled stomatal closure caused by abiotic and biotic stresses to optimize plant fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zunyong Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Shuguo Hou
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan, China.
| | - Olivier Rodrigues
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
- Unité de Recherche Physiologie, Pathologie et Génétique Végétales, Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, INP-PURPAN, Toulouse, France
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Dexian Luo
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Shintaro Munemasa
- Graduate School of Environmental & Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Jiaxin Lei
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | | | - Xin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaption Biology, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Kinya Nomura
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Chuanchun Yin
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Hongbo Wang
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaption Biology, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Keyan Zhu-Salzman
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Sheng Yang He
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Ping He
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
| | - Libo Shan
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
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7
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Interplay between Ca 2+/Calmodulin-Mediated Signaling and AtSR1/CAMTA3 during Increased Temperature Resulting in Compromised Immune Response in Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042175. [PMID: 35216293 PMCID: PMC8880272 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Changing temperatures are known to affect plant–microbe interactions; however, the molecular mechanism involved in plant disease resistance is not well understood. Here, we report the effects of a moderate change in temperature on plant immune response through Ca2+/calmodulin-mediated signaling. At 30 °C, Pst DC3000 triggered significantly weak and relatively slow Ca2+ influx in plant cells, as compared to that at 18 °C. Increased temperature contributed to an enhanced disease susceptibility in plants; the enhanced disease susceptibility is the result of the compromised stomatal closure induced by pathogens at high temperature. A Ca2+ receptor, AtSR1, contributes to the decreased plant immunity at high temperatures and the calmodulin-binding domain (CaMBD) is required for its function. Furthermore, both salicylic acid biosynthesis (ICS) and salicylic acid receptor (NPR1) are involved in this process. In addition to stomatal control, AtSR1 is involved in high temperature-compromised apoplastic immune response through the salicylic acid signaling pathway. The qRT-PCR data revealed that AtSR1 contributed to increased temperatures-mediated susceptible immune response by regulating SA-related genes in atsr1, such as PR1, ICS1, NPR1, as well as EDS1. Our results indicate that Ca2+ signaling has broad effects on the molecular interplay between changing temperatures as well as plant defense during plant–pathogen interactions.
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8
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Gilliard G, Huby E, Cordelier S, Ongena M, Dhondt-Cordelier S, Deleu M. Protoplast: A Valuable Toolbox to Investigate Plant Stress Perception and Response. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:749581. [PMID: 34675954 PMCID: PMC8523952 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.749581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Plants are constantly facing abiotic and biotic stresses. To continue to thrive in their environment, they have developed many sophisticated mechanisms to perceive these stresses and provide an appropriate response. There are many ways to study these stress signals in plant, and among them, protoplasts appear to provide a unique experimental system. As plant cells devoid of cell wall, protoplasts allow observations at the individual cell level. They also offer a prime access to the plasma membrane and an original view on the inside of the cell. In this regard, protoplasts are particularly useful to address essential biological questions regarding stress response, such as protein signaling, ion fluxes, ROS production, and plasma membrane dynamics. Here, the tools associated with protoplasts to comprehend plant stress signaling are overviewed and their potential to decipher plant defense mechanisms is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Gilliard
- Laboratoire de Biophysique Moléculaire aux Interfaces, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Université de Liège, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Eloïse Huby
- Laboratoire de Biophysique Moléculaire aux Interfaces, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Université de Liège, Gembloux, Belgium
- RIBP EA 4707, USC INRAE 1488, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, Reims, France
| | - Sylvain Cordelier
- RIBP EA 4707, USC INRAE 1488, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, Reims, France
| | - Marc Ongena
- Microbial Processes and Interactions Laboratory, Terra Teaching and Research Center, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Université de Liège, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Sandrine Dhondt-Cordelier
- RIBP EA 4707, USC INRAE 1488, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, Reims, France
| | - Magali Deleu
- Laboratoire de Biophysique Moléculaire aux Interfaces, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Université de Liège, Gembloux, Belgium
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9
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Yuan P, Tanaka K, Poovaiah BW. Calmodulin-binding transcription activator AtSR1/CAMTA3 fine-tunes plant immune response by transcriptional regulation of the salicylate receptor NPR1. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2021; 44:3140-3154. [PMID: 34096631 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Calcium (Ca2+ ) signalling regulates salicylic acid (SA)-mediated immune response through calmodulin-meditated transcriptional activators, AtSRs/CAMTAs, but its mechanism is not fully understood. Here, we report an AtSR1/CAMTA3-mediated regulatory mechanism involving the expression of the SA receptor, NPR1. Results indicate that the transcriptional expression of NPR1 was regulated by AtSR1 binding to a CGCG box in the NPR1 promotor. The atsr1 mutant exhibited resistance to the virulent strain of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pst), however, was susceptible to an avirulent Pst strain carrying avrRpt2, due to the failure of the induction of hypersensitive responses. These resistant/susceptible phenotypes in the atsr1 mutant were reversed in the npr1 mutant background, suggesting that AtSR1 regulates NPR1 as a downstream target during plant immune response. The virulent Pst strain triggered a transient elevation in intracellular Ca2+ concentration, whereas the avirulent Pst strain triggered a prolonged change. The distinct Ca2+ signatures were decoded into the regulation of NPR1 expression through AtSR1's IQ motif binding with Ca2+ -free-CaM2, while AtSR1's calmodulin-binding domain with Ca2+ -bound-CaM2. These observations reveal a role for AtSR1 as a Ca2+ -mediated transcription regulator in controlling the NPR1-mediated plant immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiguo Yuan
- Department of Horticulture, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Kiwamu Tanaka
- Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - B W Poovaiah
- Department of Horticulture, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
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10
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Alves HLS, Matiolli CC, Soares RC, Almadanim MC, Oliveira MM, Abreu IA. Carbon/nitrogen metabolism and stress response networks - calcium-dependent protein kinases as the missing link? JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:4190-4201. [PMID: 33787877 PMCID: PMC8162629 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Calcium-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs) play essential roles in plant development and stress responses. CDPKs have a conserved kinase domain, followed by an auto-inhibitory junction connected to the calmodulin-like domain that binds Ca2+. These structural features allow CDPKs to decode the dynamic changes in cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentrations triggered by hormones and by biotic and abiotic stresses. In response to these signals, CDPKs phosphorylate downstream protein targets to regulate growth and stress responses according to the environmental and developmental circumstances. The latest advances in our understanding of the metabolic, transcriptional, and protein-protein interaction networks involving CDPKs suggest that they have a direct influence on plant carbon/nitrogen (C/N) balance. In this review, we discuss how CDPKs could be key signaling nodes connecting stress responses with metabolic homeostasis, and acting together with the sugar and nutrient signaling hubs SnRK1, HXK1, and TOR to improve plant fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo L S Alves
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB NOVA), Avenida da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Cleverson C Matiolli
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB NOVA), Avenida da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Rafael C Soares
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB NOVA), Avenida da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - M Cecília Almadanim
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB NOVA), Avenida da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - M Margarida Oliveira
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB NOVA), Avenida da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Isabel A Abreu
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB NOVA), Avenida da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
- Correspondence:
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11
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Eichstädt B, Lederer S, Trempel F, Jiang X, Guerra T, Waadt R, Lee J, Liese A, Romeis T. Plant Immune Memory in Systemic Tissue Does Not Involve Changes in Rapid Calcium Signaling. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:798230. [PMID: 34970294 PMCID: PMC8712724 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.798230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Upon pathogen recognition, a transient rise in cytoplasmic calcium levels is one of the earliest events in plants and a prerequisite for defense initiation and signal propagation from a local site to systemic plant tissues. However, it is unclear if calcium signaling differs in the context of priming: Do plants exposed to a first pathogen stimulus and have consequently established systemic acquired resistance (SAR) display altered calcium responses to a second pathogen stimulus? Several calcium indicator systems including aequorin, YC3.6 or R-GECO1 have been used to document local calcium responses to the bacterial flg22 peptide but systemic calcium imaging within a single plant remains a technical challenge. Here, we report on an experimental approach to monitor flg22-induced calcium responses in systemic leaves of primed plants. The calcium-dependent protein kinase CPK5 is a key calcium sensor and regulator of the NADPH oxidase RBOHD and plays a role in the systemic calcium-ROS signal propagation. We therefore compared flg22-induced cytoplasmic calcium changes in Arabidopsis wild-type, cpk5 mutant and CPK5-overexpressing plants (exhibiting constitutive priming) by introgressing the calcium indicator R-GECO1-mTurquoise that allows internal normalization through mTurquoise fluorescence. Aequorin-based analyses were included for comparison. Based on the R-GECO1-mTurquoise data, CPK5-OE appears to reinforce an "oscillatory-like" Ca2+ signature in flg22-treated local tissues. However, no change was observed in the flg22-induced calcium response in the systemic tissues of plants that had been pre-challenged by a priming stimulus - neither in wild-type nor in cpk5 or CPK5-OE-lines. These data indicate that the mechanistic manifestation of a plant immune memory in distal plant parts required for enhanced pathogen resistance does not include changes in rapid calcium signaling upstream of CPK5 but rather relies on downstream defense responses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sarah Lederer
- Department for Biochemistry of Plant Interactions, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Fabian Trempel
- Department for Biochemistry of Plant Interactions, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Xiyuan Jiang
- Department for Biochemistry of Plant Interactions, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Tiziana Guerra
- Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops, Großbeeren, Germany
| | - Rainer Waadt
- Entwicklungsbiologie der Pflanzen, Centre for Organismal Studies, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Justin Lee
- Department for Biochemistry of Plant Interactions, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Anja Liese
- Department for Biochemistry of Plant Interactions, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Tina Romeis
- Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department for Biochemistry of Plant Interactions, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Halle (Saale), Germany
- *Correspondence: Tina Romeis,
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12
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Distinct Molecular Pattern-Induced Calcium Signatures Lead to Different Downstream Transcriptional Regulations via AtSR1/CAMTA3. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21218163. [PMID: 33142885 PMCID: PMC7662696 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants encrypt the perception of different pathogenic stimuli into specific intracellular calcium (Ca2+) signatures and subsequently decrypt the signatures into appropriate downstream responses through various Ca2+ sensors. Two microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs), bacterial flg22 and fungal chitin, and one damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP), AtPep1, were used to study the differential Ca2+ signatures in Arabidopsis leaves. The results revealed that flg22, chitin, and AtPep1 induced distinct changes in Ca2+ dynamics in both the cytosol and nucleus. In addition, Flg22 and chitin upregulated the expression of salicylic acid-related genes, ICS1 and EDS1, whereas AtPep1 upregulated the expression of jasmonic acid-related genes, JAZ1 and PDF1.2, in addition to ICS1 and EDS1. These data demonstrated that distinct Ca2+ signatures caused by different molecular patterns in leaf cells lead to specific downstream events. Furthermore, these changes in the expression of defense-related genes were disrupted in a knockout mutant of the AtSR1/CAMTA3 gene, encoding a calmodulin-binding transcription factor, in which a calmodulin-binding domain on AtSR1 was required for deciphering the Ca2+ signatures into downstream transcription events. These observations extend our knowledge regarding unique and intrinsic roles for Ca2+ signaling in launching and fine-tuning plant immune response, which are mediated by the AtSR1/CAMTA3 transcription factor.
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13
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Tian W, Wang C, Gao Q, Li L, Luan S. Calcium spikes, waves and oscillations in plant development and biotic interactions. NATURE PLANTS 2020; 6:750-759. [PMID: 32601423 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-020-0667-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The calcium ion (Ca2+) is a universal signal in all eukaryotic cells. A fundamental question is how Ca2+, a simple cation, encodes complex information with high specificity. Extensive research has established a two-step process (encoding and decoding) that governs the specificity of Ca2+ signals. While the encoding mechanism entails a complex array of channels and transporters, the decoding process features a number of Ca2+ sensors and effectors that convert Ca2+ signals into cellular effects. Along this general paradigm, some signalling components may be highly conserved, but others are divergent among different organisms. In plant cells, Ca2+ participates in numerous signalling processes, and here we focus on the latest discoveries on Ca2+-encoding mechanisms in development and biotic interactions. In particular, we use examples such as polarized cell growth of pollen tube and root hair in which tip-focused Ca2+ oscillations specify the signalling events for rapid cell elongation. In plant-microbe interactions, Ca2+ spiking and oscillations hold the key to signalling specificity: while pathogens elicit cytoplasmic spiking, symbiotic microorganisms trigger nuclear Ca2+ oscillations. Herbivore attacks or mechanical wounding can trigger Ca2+ waves traveling a long distance to transmit and convert the local signal to a systemic defence program in the whole plant. What channels and transporters work together to carve out the spatial and temporal patterns of the Ca2+ fluctuations? This question has remained enigmatic for decades until recent studies uncovered Ca2+ channels that orchestrate specific Ca2+ signatures in each of these processes. Future work will further expand the toolkit for Ca2+-encoding mechanisms and place Ca2+ signalling steps into larger signalling networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Tian
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Qifei Gao
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Legong Li
- School of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Sheng Luan
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
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14
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Frank J, Happeck R, Meier B, Hoang MTT, Stribny J, Hause G, Ding H, Morsomme P, Baginsky S, Peiter E. Chloroplast-localized BICAT proteins shape stromal calcium signals and are required for efficient photosynthesis. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2019; 221:866-880. [PMID: 30169890 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The photosynthetic machinery of plants must be regulated to maximize the efficiency of light reactions and CO2 fixation. Changes in free Ca2+ in the stroma of chloroplasts have been observed at the transition between light and darkness, and also in response to stress stimuli. Such Ca2+ dynamics have been proposed to regulate photosynthetic capacity. However, the molecular mechanisms of Ca2+ fluxes in the chloroplasts have been unknown. By employing a Ca2+ reporter-based approach, we identified two chloroplast-localized Ca2+ transporters in Arabidopsis thaliana, BICAT1 and BICAT2, that determine the amplitude of the darkness-induced Ca2+ signal in the chloroplast stroma. BICAT2 mediated Ca2+ uptake across the chloroplast envelope, and its knockout mutation strongly dampened the dark-induced [Ca2+ ]stroma signal. Conversely, this Ca2+ transient was increased in knockout mutants of BICAT1, which transports Ca2+ into the thylakoid lumen. Knockout mutation of BICAT2 caused severe defects in chloroplast morphology, pigmentation and photosynthetic light reactions, rendering bicat2 mutants barely viable under autotrophic growth conditions, while bicat1 mutants were less affected. These results show that BICAT transporters play a role in chloroplast Ca2+ homeostasis. They are also involved in the regulation of photosynthesis and plant productivity. Further work will be required to reveal whether the effect on photosynthesis is a direct result of their role as Ca2+ transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Frank
- Institute for Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Sciences I, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, D-06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
- Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences III, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, D-06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Ricardo Happeck
- Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences III, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, D-06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Bastian Meier
- Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences III, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, D-06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Minh Thi Thanh Hoang
- Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences III, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, D-06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Jiri Stribny
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology (LIBST), Université Catholique de Louvain, B-1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Gerd Hause
- Biocenter, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, D-06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Haidong Ding
- Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences III, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, D-06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Pierre Morsomme
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology (LIBST), Université Catholique de Louvain, B-1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Sacha Baginsky
- Institute for Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Sciences I, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, D-06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Edgar Peiter
- Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences III, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, D-06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
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15
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Joglekar S, Suliman M, Bartsch M, Halder V, Maintz J, Bautor J, Zeier J, Parker JE, Kombrink E. Chemical Activation of EDS1/PAD4 Signaling Leading to Pathogen Resistance in Arabidopsis. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 59:1592-1607. [PMID: 29931201 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcy106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
In a chemical screen we identified thaxtomin A (TXA), a phytotoxin from plant pathogenic Streptomyces scabies, as a selective and potent activator of FLAVIN-DEPENDENT MONOOXYGENASE1 (FMO1) expression in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). TXA induction of FMO1 was unrelated to the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), plant cell death or its known inhibition of cellulose synthesis. TXA-stimulated FMO1 expression was strictly dependent on ENHANCED DISEASE SUSCEPTIBILITY1 (EDS1) and PHYTOALEXIN DEFICIENT4 (PAD4) but independent of salicylic acid (SA) synthesis via ISOCHORISMATE SYNTHASE1 (ICS1). TXA induced the expression of several EDS1/PAD4-regulated genes, including EDS1, PAD4, SENESCENCE ASSOCIATED GENE101 (SAG101), ICS1, AGD2-LIKE DEFENSE RESPONSE PROTEIN1 (ALD1) and PATHOGENESIS-RELATED PROTEIN1 (PR1), and accumulation of SA. Notably, enhanced ALD1 expression did not result in accumulation of the product pipecolic acid (PIP), which promotes FMO1 expression during biologically induced systemic acquired resistance. TXA treatment preferentially stimulated expression of PAD4 compared with EDS1, which was mirrored by PAD4 protein accumulation, suggesting that TXA leads to increased PAD4 availability to form EDS1-PAD4 signaling complexes. Also, TXA treatment of Arabidopsis plants led to enhanced disease resistance to bacterial and oomycete infection, which was dependent on EDS1 and PAD4, as well as on FMO1 and ICS1. Collectively, the data identify TXA as a potentially useful chemical tool to conditionally activate and interrogate EDS1- and PAD4-controlled pathways in plant immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shachi Joglekar
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Köln, Germany
| | - Mohamed Suliman
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Köln, Germany
| | - Michael Bartsch
- Department of Plant-Microbe Interactions, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Köln, Germany
| | - Vivek Halder
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Köln, Germany
| | - Jens Maintz
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Köln, Germany
| | - Jaqueline Bautor
- Department of Plant-Microbe Interactions, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Köln, Germany
| | - Jürgen Zeier
- Department of Biology, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jane E Parker
- Department of Plant-Microbe Interactions, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Köln, Germany
| | - Erich Kombrink
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Köln, Germany
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16
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Nguyen HTH, Bouteau F, Mazars C, Kuse M, Kawano T. The involvement of calmodulin and protein kinases in the upstream of cytosolic and nucleic calcium signaling induced by hypoosmotic shock in tobacco cells. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2018; 13:e1494467. [PMID: 30067454 PMCID: PMC6149468 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2018.1494467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Changes in Ca2+ concentrations in cytosol ([Ca2+]C) or nucleus ([Ca2+]N) may play some vital roles in plants under hypoosmotic shock (Hypo-OS). Here, we observed that Hypo-OS induces biphasic increases in [Ca2+]C and [Ca2+]N in two tobacco cell lines (BY-2) expressing apoaequorin either in the cytosol or in the nucleus. Both [Ca2+]C and [Ca2+]N were sensitively modulated by the inhibitors of calmodulin and protein kinases, supporting the view that calmodulin suppresses the 1st peaks and and protein kinases enhance 2nd peaks in [Ca2+]C and [Ca2+]N. Data also suggested that the 1st and 2nd events depend on the internal and extracellular Ca2+ sources, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. T. H. Nguyen
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Bioengineering, Faculty and Graduate School of Environmental Engineering, The University of Kitakyushu, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - F. Bouteau
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Energies de Demain, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
- University of Florence LINV Kitakyushu Research Center (LINV@Kitakyushu), Kitakyushu, Japan
- International Photosynthesis Industrialization Research Center, The University of Kitakyushu, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - C. Mazars
- Laboratoire de Recherches en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse UPS, CNRS UMR, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - M. Kuse
- Laboratory of Natural Products Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - T. Kawano
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Bioengineering, Faculty and Graduate School of Environmental Engineering, The University of Kitakyushu, Kitakyushu, Japan
- University of Florence LINV Kitakyushu Research Center (LINV@Kitakyushu), Kitakyushu, Japan
- International Photosynthesis Industrialization Research Center, The University of Kitakyushu, Kitakyushu, Japan
- Univ. Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris Interdisciplinary Energy Research Institute (PIERI), Paris, France
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17
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Wang X, Komatsu S. Proteomic Analysis of Calcium Effects on Soybean Root Tip under Flooding and Drought Stresses. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 58:1405-1420. [PMID: 28586431 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcx078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Flooding and drought are disadvantageous environmental conditions that induce cytosolic calcium in soybean. To explore the effects of flooding- and drought-induced increases in calcium, a gel-free/label-free proteomic analysis was performed. Cytosolic calcium was decreased by blocking calcium channels in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and plasma membrane under both stresses. Calnexin, protein disulfide isomerase, heat shock proteins and thioredoxin were predominantly affected as the ER proteins in response to calcium, and ER-associated degradation-related proteins of HCP-like superfamily protein were up-regulated under stress exposure and then down-regulated. Glycolysis, fermentation, the tricarboxylic acid cycle and amino acid metabolism were mainly induced as the types of cellular metabolism in response to calcium under both stresses. Pyruvate decarboxylase was increased and decreased under flooding and drought, respectively, and was further decreased by the reduction of cytosolic calcium; however, it was recovered by exogenous calcium under both stresses. Furthermore, pyruvate decarboxylase activity was increased under flooding, but decreased under drought. These results suggest that calcium is involved in protein folding in the ER, and ER-associated degradation might alleviate ER stress during the early stage of both stresses. Furthermore, calcium appears to modify energy metabolism, and pyruvate decarboxylase may be a key enzyme in this process under flooding and drought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8572, Japan
- National Institute of Crop Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba 305-8518, Japan
| | - Setsuko Komatsu
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8572, Japan
- National Institute of Crop Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba 305-8518, Japan
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18
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Schapire AL, Lois LM. A Simplified and Rapid Method for the Isolation and Transfection of Arabidopsis Leaf Mesophyll Protoplasts for Large-Scale Applications. Methods Mol Biol 2016; 1363:79-88. [PMID: 26577783 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-3115-6_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Arabidopsis leaf mesophyll protoplasts constitute an important and versatile tool for conducting cell-based experiments to analyze the functions of distinct signaling pathways and cellular machineries using proteomic, biochemical, cellular, genetic, and genomic approaches. Thus, the methods for protoplast isolation and transfection have been gradually improved to achieve efficient expression of genes of interest. Although many well-established protocols have been extensively tested, their successful application is sometimes limited to researchers with a high degree of skill and experience in protoplasts handling. Here we present a detailed method for the isolation and transfection of Arabidopsis mesophyll protoplasts, in which many of the time-consuming and critical steps present in the current protocols have been simplified. The method described is fast, simple, and leads to high yields of competent protoplasts allowing large-scale applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaldo L Schapire
- Center for Research in Agricultural Genomics CRAG (CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB), Edifici CRAG-Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallés, 08193, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - L Maria Lois
- Center for Research in Agricultural Genomics CRAG (CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB), Edifici CRAG-Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallés, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
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19
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Keinath NF, Waadt R, Brugman R, Schroeder JI, Grossmann G, Schumacher K, Krebs M. Live Cell Imaging with R-GECO1 Sheds Light on flg22- and Chitin-Induced Transient [Ca(2+)]cyt Patterns in Arabidopsis. MOLECULAR PLANT 2015; 8:1188-200. [PMID: 26002145 PMCID: PMC5134422 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2015.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Revised: 05/03/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Intracellular Ca(2+) transients are an integral part of the signaling cascade during pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP)-triggered immunity in plants. Yet, our knowledge about the spatial distribution of PAMP-induced Ca(2+) signals is limited. Investigation of cell- and tissue-specific properties of Ca(2+)-dependent signaling processes requires versatile Ca(2+) reporters that are able to extract spatial information from cellular and subcellular structures, as well as from whole tissues over time periods from seconds to hours. Fluorescence-based reporters cover both a broad spatial and temporal range, which makes them ideally suited to study Ca(2+) signaling in living cells. In this study, we compared two fluorescence-based Ca(2+) sensors: the Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based reporter yellow cameleon NES-YC3.6 and the intensity-based sensor R-GECO1. We demonstrate that R-GECO1 exhibits a significantly increased signal change compared with ratiometric NES-YC3.6 in response to several stimuli. Due to its superior sensitivity, R-GECO1 is able to report flg22- and chitin-induced Ca(2+) signals on a cellular scale, which allowed identification of defined [Ca(2+)]cyt oscillations in epidermal and guard cells in response to the fungal elicitor chitin. Moreover, we discovered that flg22- and chitin-induced Ca(2+) signals in the root initiate from the elongation zone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nana F Keinath
- Centre for Organismal Studies, Plant Developmental Biology, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 230, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rainer Waadt
- Centre for Organismal Studies, Plant Developmental Biology, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 230, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Division of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology Section, University of California San Diego, 92093 La Jolla, USA
| | - Rik Brugman
- Centre for Organismal Studies, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Julian I Schroeder
- Division of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology Section, University of California San Diego, 92093 La Jolla, USA
| | - Guido Grossmann
- Centre for Organismal Studies, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Karin Schumacher
- Centre for Organismal Studies, Plant Developmental Biology, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 230, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Melanie Krebs
- Centre for Organismal Studies, Plant Developmental Biology, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 230, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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