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Enomoto T, Tanaka N, Fujiwara T, Nishida S. Role of Potassium-Dependent Alternative Splicing of MYB59 in the Maintenance of Potassium Concentration in Shoots of Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 64:1159-1166. [PMID: 37494427 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcad080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Potassium (K) is a major plant nutrient. K+ is taken up by channel and transporter proteins in roots and translocated from roots to shoots via the xylem. In Arabidopsis thaliana, the K+ transporter NPF7.3 mediates K+ loading into the xylem and the transcription factor MYB59 is responsible for NPF7.3 expression. Here, we demonstrate that MYB59 is regulated by alternative splicing in response to K availability. Three splicing isoforms of MYB59 are detected in roots: an isoform with the first intron spliced out encodes a protein with the full DNA-binding motif (MYB59α), and two isoforms with the first intron retained partially or completely encode a protein missing part of the DNA-binding motif (MYB59β). Functional analysis showed that only MYB59α is capable of inducing the expression of NPF7.3. The abundance of the MYB59α isoform increased under low K, but the total abundance of MYB59 transcripts did not change, indicating that MYB59α is increased by modification of the splicing pattern in response to low K. Although MYB59α is increased by low K, NPF7.3 expression remained constant independent of K. In addition, there was no significant difference in NPF7.3 expression between an MYB59 knockout mutant and the wild type under normal K. These results suggest that an unknown mechanism is involved in NPF7.3 expression under normal K and switches roles with MYB59 under low K. We propose that the regulation of MYB59 by alternative splicing is required for the maintenance of shoot K concentration in adaptation to low K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuo Enomoto
- Faculty of Agriculture, Saga University, 1 Honjo-machi, Saga, 840-8502 Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Tanaka
- Institute of Crop Science, NARO, 2-1-2 Kannondai, Tsukuba, 305-8518 Japan
| | - Toru Fujiwara
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, 113-8657 Japan
| | - Sho Nishida
- Faculty of Agriculture, Saga University, 1 Honjo-machi, Saga, 840-8502 Japan
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Karimoto, Kagoshima, 890-0065 Japan
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Lyčka M, Barták M, Helia O, Kopriva S, Moravcová D, Hájek J, Fojt L, Čmelík R, Fajkus J, Fojtová M. Sulfate supplementation affects nutrient and photosynthetic status of Arabidopsis thaliana and Nicotiana tabacum differently under prolonged exposure to cadmium. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 445:130527. [PMID: 36495640 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.130527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Hydroponic experiments were performed to examine the effect of prolonged sulfate limitation combined with cadmium (Cd) exposure in Arabidopsis thaliana and a potential Cd hyperaccumulator, Nicotiana tabacum. Low sulfate treatments (20 and 40 µM MgSO4) and Cd stress (4 µM CdCl2) showed adverse effects on morphology, photosynthetic and biochemical parameters and the nutritional status of both species. For example, Cd stress decreased NO3- root content under 20 µM MgSO4 to approximately 50% compared with respective controls. Interestingly, changes in many measured parameters, such as chlorophyll and carotenoid contents, the concentrations of anions, nutrients and Cd, induced by low sulfate supply, Cd exposure or a combination of both factors, were species-specific. Our data showed opposing effects of Cd exposure on Ca, Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn levels in roots of the studied plants. In A. thaliana, levels of glutathione, phytochelatins and glucosinolates demonstrated their distinct involvement in response to sub-optimal growth conditions and Cd stress. In shoot, the levels of phytochelatins and glucosinolates in the organic sulfur fraction were not dependent on sulfate supply under Cd stress. Altogether, our data showed both common and species-specific features of the complex plant response to prolonged sulfate deprivation and/or Cd exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Lyčka
- Mendel Centre for Plant Genomics and Proteomics, Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Miloš Barták
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Helia
- Mendel Centre for Plant Genomics and Proteomics, Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Stanislav Kopriva
- Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Cologne, 50674 Cologne, Germany; Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, University of Cologne, 50674 Cologne, Germany
| | - Dana Moravcová
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 602 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Hájek
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lukáš Fojt
- Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Richard Čmelík
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 602 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Fajkus
- Mendel Centre for Plant Genomics and Proteomics, Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Miloslava Fojtová
- Mendel Centre for Plant Genomics and Proteomics, Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
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Huo L, Guo Z, Wang Q, Jia X, Sun X, Ma F. The protective role of MdATG10-mediated autophagy in apple plant under cadmium stress. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 234:113398. [PMID: 35278992 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is a conserved degradation pathway in plants, which plays an important role in plant cellular homeostasis during abiotic stress. Although various abiotic stressors have been reported to induce autophagic activity in plants, the specific role of autophagy in plant cadmium (Cd) tolerance remains undiscovered. In this study, we treated three MdATG10-overexpressing apple lines with hydroponic Cd stress and found the enhanced Cd tolerance in transgenic plants. Transgenic apple plants exhibited less growth limitation and reduced Cd damage on the photosynthetic system. That was accompanied by higher antioxidant enzymes activity and lower harmful ROS accumulation in apple leaves under Cd stress. The higher autophagic activity led to a more active metabolic system of Pro, His, and Arg in transgenic plants under Cd stress, which was closely related to the plant Cd tolerance. In addition, the transcriptional activities of several Cd transport and detoxification-related genes were regulated by MdATG10-overexpression in response to Cd stress. This study is the first to demonstrate the protective role of autophagy in the Cd tolerance of plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuqing Huo
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Zijian Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Qi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xin Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xuepeng Sun
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fengwang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
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Quadros IPS, Madeira NN, Loriato VAP, Saia TFF, Silva JC, Soares FAF, Carvalho JR, Reis PAB, Fontes EPB, Clarindo WR, Fontes RLF. Cadmium-mediated toxicity in plant cells is associated with the DCD/NRP-mediated cell death response. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2022; 45:556-571. [PMID: 34719793 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd2+ ) is highly harmful to plant growth. Although Cd2+ induces programmed cell death (PCD) in plant cells, Cd2+ stress in whole plants during later developmental stages and the mechanism underlying Cd2+ -mediated toxicity are poorly understood. Here, we showed that Cd2+ limits plant growth, causes intense redness in leaf vein, leaf yellowing, and chlorosis during the R1 reproductive stage of soybean (Glycine max). These symptoms were associated with Cd2+ -induced PCD, as Cd2+ -stressed soybean leaves displayed decreased number of nuclei, enhanced cell death, DNA damage, and caspase 1 activity compared to unstressed leaves. Accordingly, Cd2+ -induced NRPs, GmNAC81, GmNAC30 and VPE, the DCD/NRP-mediated cell death signalling components, which execute PCD via caspase 1-like VPE activity. Furthermore, overexpression of the positive regulator of this cell death signalling GmNAC81 enhanced sensitivity to Cd2+ stress and intensified the hallmarks of Cd2+ -mediated PCD. GmNAC81 overexpression enhanced Cd2+ -induced H2 O2 production, cell death, DNA damage, and caspase-1-like VPE expression. Conversely, BiP overexpression negatively regulated the NRPs/GmNACs/VPE signalling module, conferred tolerance to Cd2+ stress and reduced Cd2+ -mediated cell death. Collectively, our data indicate that Cd2+ induces PCD in plants via activation of the NRP/GmNAC/VPE regulatory circuit that links developmentally and stress-induced cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iana Pedro Silva Quadros
- National Institute of Science and Technology in Plant-Pest Interactions, Bioagro, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | | | - Virgílio Adriano Pereira Loriato
- National Institute of Science and Technology in Plant-Pest Interactions, Bioagro, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department/BIOAGRO, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | - Thaina Fernanda Fillietaz Saia
- National Institute of Science and Technology in Plant-Pest Interactions, Bioagro, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | - Jéssica Coutinho Silva
- Cytogenetics and Cytometry Laboratory, Department of General Biology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | | | | | - Pedro Augusto Braga Reis
- National Institute of Science and Technology in Plant-Pest Interactions, Bioagro, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department/BIOAGRO, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | - Elizabeth P B Fontes
- National Institute of Science and Technology in Plant-Pest Interactions, Bioagro, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department/BIOAGRO, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | - Wellington Ronildo Clarindo
- Cytogenetics and Cytometry Laboratory, Department of General Biology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
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Nogueira ML, Carvalho MEA, Ferreira JMM, Bressanin LA, Piotto KDB, Piotto FA, Marques DN, Barbosa S, Azevedo RA. Cadmium-induced transgenerational effects on tomato plants: A gift from parents to progenies. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 789:147885. [PMID: 34323842 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the Cd-induced transgenerational effects on plants. Grafted tomato plants, which exhibited the same cultivar as scion and distinct cultivars with contrasting Cd-tolerance as rootstocks, were grown in soil without and with artificial addition of Cd (less than 2.0, and 6.9 mg kg-1 of Cd, respectively) in a pot experiment carried out in a greenhouse. Their fruits were harvested to extract seeds (i.e., the progenies), which were sown over either Cd-free (control) or Cd-containing germitest paper (germination testing paper with 0 and 35 μM of CdCl2, respectively) and grown in a growth chamber. The immediate progeny of all grafting combinations from stressed plants presented an elevated germinability, despite high internal Cd concentration. When sown in Cd-containing germitest paper, the immediate progeny of plants grown in soil with no Cd addition was generally able to maintain or even increase the content of carotenoids and chlorophylls a and b (up to 93.3, 62.8 and 76.1%, respectively), indicating a Cd-induced hormetic effect on photosynthetic pigments. Two of the grafting combinations from stressed plants yielded seeds that generated seedlings with enhanced dry mass when they were sown in Cd-free media (~41%), suggesting a Cd-induced transgenerational enhancement of biomass production. Because only one tomato cultivar was used as scion, data indicated that type and degree of Cd-induced transgenerational effects depend strongly on signals generated and/or processed in roots of the parental plants. When sown in Cd-contaminated germitest paper, the immediate progeny of Cd-treated plants presented major reductions in the leaf area (35-69%) and content of photosynthetic pigments (57-93%) in comparison to the progeny from control plants. However, one of the grafting combinations exhibited satisfactory performance after "double" exposure to Cd, showing 91% of the biomass that was produced in the seedlings of control seeds from control plants. Further investigation indicated that adjustments in the chlorophyll fluorescence behavior might counterbalance losses in leaf pigments and area. Taken together, our data provide new insights on the origin, outcomes and mode of action of the Cd-induced transgenerational effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Lima Nogueira
- Departamento de Genética, Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz"/Universidade de São Paulo (ESALQ/USP), Avenida Pádua Dias, 11, 13418-900, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcia Eugenia Amaral Carvalho
- Departamento de Genética, Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz"/Universidade de São Paulo (ESALQ/USP), Avenida Pádua Dias, 11, 13418-900, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - João Marcos Martins Ferreira
- Instituto de Ciências da Natureza, Universidade Federal de Alfenas (UNIFAL), Rua Gabriel Monteiro da Silva, 700, Centro, 37130-000, Alfenas, MG, Brazil
| | - Leticia Aparecida Bressanin
- Instituto de Ciências da Natureza, Universidade Federal de Alfenas (UNIFAL), Rua Gabriel Monteiro da Silva, 700, Centro, 37130-000, Alfenas, MG, Brazil
| | - Katherine Derlene Batagin Piotto
- Departamento de Genética, Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz"/Universidade de São Paulo (ESALQ/USP), Avenida Pádua Dias, 11, 13418-900, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernando Angelo Piotto
- Departamento de Produção Vegetal, Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz"/Universidade de São Paulo (ESALQ/USP), Avenida Pádua Dias, 11, 13418-900, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Deyvid Novaes Marques
- Departamento de Genética, Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz"/Universidade de São Paulo (ESALQ/USP), Avenida Pádua Dias, 11, 13418-900, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Sandro Barbosa
- Instituto de Ciências da Natureza, Universidade Federal de Alfenas (UNIFAL), Rua Gabriel Monteiro da Silva, 700, Centro, 37130-000, Alfenas, MG, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Antunes Azevedo
- Departamento de Genética, Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz"/Universidade de São Paulo (ESALQ/USP), Avenida Pádua Dias, 11, 13418-900, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
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Soil Sulfur Sources Differentially Enhance Cadmium Tolerance in Indian Mustard (Brassica juncea L.). SOIL SYSTEMS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/soilsystems5020029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The effect of four soil-applied sulfur (100 mg S kg−1 soil (100S) and 200 mg S kg−1 soil (200S)) in different sources (elemental S, ammonium sulfate, gypsum or magnesium sulfate) in protecting mustard (Brassica juncea L. (Czern & Coss.)) from cadmium effects was studied. Based on the observed reduction in growth and photosynthesis in plants subjected to 100 and 200 mg Cd kg−1 soil, B. juncea cv. Giriraj was selected as the most Cd-tolerant among five cultivars (namely, Giriraj, RH-0749, Pusa Agrani, RH-406, and Pusa Tarak). Sulfur applied to soil mitigated the negative impact of Cd on sulfur assimilation, cell viability, and photosynthetic functions, with a lower lipid peroxidation, electrolyte leakage, and contents of reactive oxygen species (ROS: hydrogen peroxide, H2O2, and superoxide anion, O2•−). Generally, added S caused higher activity of antioxidant enzymes (ascorbate peroxidase, catalase and superoxide dismutase), contents of ascorbate (AsA) and reduced glutathione (GSH); increases in the activities of their regenerating enzymes (dehydroascorbate reductase and glutathione reductase); as well as rises in S assimilation, biosynthesis of non-protein thiols (NPTs), and phytochelatins (PCs). Compared to the other S-sources tested, elemental S more prominently protected B. juncea cv. Giriraj against Cd-impacts by minimizing Cd-accumulation and its root-to-shoot translocation; decreasing cellular ROS and membrane damage, and improving Cd-chelation (NPTs and PCs), so strengthening the defense machinery against Cd. The results suggest the use of elemental S for favoring the growth and development of cultivated plants also in Cd-contaminated agricultural soils.
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Astolfi S, Celletti S, Vigani G, Mimmo T, Cesco S. Interaction Between Sulfur and Iron in Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:670308. [PMID: 34354720 PMCID: PMC8329491 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.670308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
It is well known that S interacts with some macronutrients, such as N, P, and K, as well as with some micronutrients, such as Fe, Mo, Cu, Zn, and B. From our current understanding, such interactions could be related to the fact that: (i) S shares similar chemical properties with other elements (e.g., Mo and Se) determining competition for the acquisition/transport process (SULTR transporter family proteins); (ii) S-requiring metabolic processes need the presence of other nutrients or regulate plant responses to other nutritional deficiencies (S-containing metabolites are the precursor for the synthesis of ethylene and phytosiderophores); (iii) S directly interacts with other elements (e.g., Fe) by forming complexes and chemical bonds, such as Fe-S clusters; and (iv) S is a constituent of organic molecules, which play crucial roles in plants (glutathione, transporters, etc.). This review summarizes the current state of knowledge of the interplay between Fe and S in plants. It has been demonstrated that plant capability to take up and accumulate Fe strongly depends on S availability in the growth medium in both monocots and dicot plants. Moreover, providing S above the average nutritional need enhances the Fe content in wheat grains, this beneficial effect being particularly pronounced under severe Fe limitation. On the other hand, Fe shortage induces a significant increase in the demand for S, resulting in enhanced S uptake and assimilation rate, similar to what happens under S deficiency. The critical evaluation of the recent studies on the modulation of Fe/S interaction by integrating old and new insights gained on this topic will help to identify the main knowledge gaps. Indeed, it remains a challenge to determine how the interplay between S and Fe is regulated and how plants are able to sense environmental nutrient fluctuations and then to adapt their uptake, translocation, assimilation, and signaling. A better knowledge of the mechanisms of Fe/S interaction might considerably help in improving crop performance within a context of limited nutrient resources and a more sustainable agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Astolfi
- Department of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
- *Correspondence: Stefania Astolfi,
| | - Silvia Celletti
- Department of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Gianpiero Vigani
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, Università degli Studi di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Tanja Mimmo
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy
- Competence Centre for Plant Health, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy
- Tanja Mimmo,
| | - Stefano Cesco
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy
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Keyster M, Niekerk LA, Basson G, Carelse M, Bakare O, Ludidi N, Klein A, Mekuto L, Gokul A. Decoding Heavy Metal Stress Signalling in Plants: Towards Improved Food Security and Safety. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:E1781. [PMID: 33339160 PMCID: PMC7765602 DOI: 10.3390/plants9121781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The mining of heavy metals from the environment leads to an increase in soil pollution, leading to the uptake of heavy metals into plant tissue. The build-up of toxic metals in plant cells often leads to cellular damage and senescence. Therefore, it is of utmost importance to produce plants with improved tolerance to heavy metals for food security, as well as to limit heavy metal uptake for improved food safety purposes. To achieve this goal, our understanding of the signaling mechanisms which regulate toxic heavy metal uptake and tolerance in plants requires extensive improvement. In this review, we summarize recent literature and data on heavy metal toxicity (oral reference doses) and the impact of the metals on food safety and food security. Furthermore, we discuss some of the key events (reception, transduction, and response) in the heavy metal signaling cascades in the cell wall, plasma membrane, and cytoplasm. Our future perspectives provide an outlook of the exciting advances that will shape the plant heavy metal signaling field in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marshall Keyster
- Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Bellville 7535, South Africa; (L.-A.N.); (M.C.); (O.B.)
- DST-NRF Centre of Excellence in Food Security, University of the Western Cape, Bellville 7530, South Africa;
| | - Lee-Ann Niekerk
- Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Bellville 7535, South Africa; (L.-A.N.); (M.C.); (O.B.)
| | - Gerhard Basson
- Plant Biotechnology Research Group, Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Bellville 7535, South Africa;
| | - Mogamat Carelse
- Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Bellville 7535, South Africa; (L.-A.N.); (M.C.); (O.B.)
| | - Olalekan Bakare
- Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Bellville 7535, South Africa; (L.-A.N.); (M.C.); (O.B.)
| | - Ndiko Ludidi
- DST-NRF Centre of Excellence in Food Security, University of the Western Cape, Bellville 7530, South Africa;
- Plant Biotechnology Research Group, Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Bellville 7535, South Africa;
| | - Ashwil Klein
- Plant Omics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Bellville 7535, South Africa;
| | - Lukhanyo Mekuto
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg 2028, South Africa;
| | - Arun Gokul
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg 2028, South Africa;
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Shi W, Liu W, Ma C, Zhang Y, Ding S, Yu W, Deng S, Zhou J, Li H, Luo ZB. Dissecting MicroRNA-mRNA Regulatory Networks Underlying Sulfur Assimilation and Cadmium Accumulation in Poplar Leaves. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 61:1614-1630. [PMID: 32678905 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcaa084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The process of cadmium (Cd) accumulation and detoxification under different sulfur levels remains largely unknown in woody plants. To investigate the physiological and transcriptomic regulation mechanisms of poplars in response to different sulfate (S) supply levels and Cd exposure, we exposed Populus deltoides saplings to one of the low, moderate and high S levels together with either 0 or 50 µM Cd. Cd accumulation was decreased in low S-treated poplar leaves, and it tended to be increased in high S-supplied leaves under the Cd exposure condition. Sulfur nutrition was deficient in low S-supplied poplars, and it was improved in high S-treated leaves. Cd exposure resulted in lower sulfur level in the leaves supplied with moderate S, it exacerbated a Cd-induced sulfur decrease in low S-treated leaves and it caused a higher sulfur concentration in high S-supplied leaves. In line with the physiological changes, a number of mRNAs and microRNAs (miRNAs) involved in Cd accumulation and sulfur assimilation were identified and the miRNA-mRNA networks were dissected. In the networks, miR395 and miR399 members were identified as hub miRNAs and their targets were ATP sulfurylase 3 (ATPS3) and phosphate 2 (PHO2), respectively. These results suggest that Cd accumulation and sulfur assimilation are constrained by low and enhanced by high S supply, and Cd toxicity is aggravated by low and relieved by high S in poplar leaves, and that miRNA-mRNA regulatory networks play pivotal roles in sulfur-mediated Cd accumulation and detoxification in Cd-exposed poplars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenguang Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Silviculture of the State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Wenzhe Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Silviculture of the State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Chaofeng Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Silviculture of the State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yuhong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Silviculture of the State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
- Annoroad Gene Technology Co., Ltd, 6 Kechuang Road, Beijing 100176, China
| | - Shen Ding
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Wenjian Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Silviculture of the State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Shurong Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Silviculture of the State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Silviculture of the State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Hong Li
- Postgraduate School, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Zhi-Bin Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Silviculture of the State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
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Alves LR, Prado ER, de Oliveira R, Santos EF, Lemos de Souza I, Dos Reis AR, Azevedo RA, Gratão PL. Mechanisms of cadmium-stress avoidance by selenium in tomato plants. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2020; 29:594-606. [PMID: 32333252 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-020-02208-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is probably the most damaging metal to plant species; with a long biological half-life, it can be taken up by plants, disrupting the cell homeostasis and triggering several metabolic pathways. Selenium (Se) improves plant defence systems against stressful conditions, but the biochemical antioxidant responses to Cd stress in tomato plants is poorly understood. To further address the relationship of Cd-stress responses with Se mineral uptake, Cd and Se concentration, proline content, MDA and H2O2 production, and the activity of SOD, APX, CAT and GR enzymes were analyzed in Micro-Tom (MT) plants submitted to 0.5 mM Cd. The results revealed different responses according to Se combination and Cd application. For instance, roots and leaves of MT plants treated with Se exhibited an increase in dry mass and nutritional status, exhibited lower proline content and higher APX and GR activities when compared with plants with no Se application. Plants submitted to 0.5 mM Cd, irrespective of Se exposure, exhibited lower proline, MDA and H2O2 content and higher SOD, CAT and GR activities. Selenium may improve tolerance against Cd, which allowed MT plants exhibited less oxidative damage to the cell, even under elevated Cd accumulation in their tissues. The results suggest that Se application is an efficient management technique to alleviate the deleterious effects of Cd-stress, enhancing the nutritional value and activity of ROS-scavenging enzymes in tomato plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia Rodrigues Alves
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias (FCAV), Departamento de Biologia Aplicada à Agropecuária, Jaboticabal, SP, CEP 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Emilaine Rocha Prado
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias (FCAV), Departamento de Biologia Aplicada à Agropecuária, Jaboticabal, SP, CEP 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Reginaldo de Oliveira
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias (FCAV), Departamento de Biologia Aplicada à Agropecuária, Jaboticabal, SP, CEP 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Elcio Ferreira Santos
- Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura (CENA), Laboratório de Nutrição Mineral de Plantas, Piracicaba, SP, CEP 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Ivana Lemos de Souza
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias (FCAV), Departamento de Fitossanidade, Jaboticabal, SP, CEP 14884-900, Brazil
| | - André Rodrigues Dos Reis
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Ciências e Engenharia, Laboratório de Biologia, Tupã, SP, CEP 17602-496, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Antunes Azevedo
- Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz (ESALQ), Depto. de Genética, Piracicaba, SP, 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Priscila Lupino Gratão
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias (FCAV), Departamento de Biologia Aplicada à Agropecuária, Jaboticabal, SP, CEP 14884-900, Brazil.
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11
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Uraguchi S, Ohshiro Y, Otsuka Y, Tsukioka H, Yoneyama N, Sato H, Hirakawa M, Nakamura R, Takanezawa Y, Kiyono M. Selection of Agar Reagents for Medium Solidification Is a Critical Factor for Metal(loid) Sensitivity and Ionomic Profiles of Arabidopsis thaliana. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:503. [PMID: 32499794 PMCID: PMC7243937 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
For researchers in the plant metal field, the agar reagent used for the solid plate medium is a problematic factor because application of different agar types and even a different lot of the same agar type can mask the plant metal-related phenotypes and impair the reproducibility. In this study, we systematically assessed effects of different agar reagents on metal(loid) sensitivity and element accumulation of the Arabidopsis metal sensitive mutants. Three established mutants (cad1-3, cad1-6, and abcc1/2), and three different types of purified agar reagents (Type A, Type E, and Nacalai) with two independent batches for each reagent were subjected to the analyses. First, we found that element concentrations in the agar reagents largely varied among the agar types. Then the effects of agar reagents on the mutant metal(loid)-sensitivity were examined under As(III), Hg(II), Cd(II), and excess Zn(II) conditions. A significant variation of the mutant metal(loid)-sensitivity was observed among the different agar plates but the variation depended on the combination of metal(loid) stress and agar reagents. Briefly, the type-dependent variation was more evident under As(III) and Hg(II) than Cd(II) or excess Zn(II) conditions. A lot-dependent variation was also observed for Type A and Type E but not for Nacalai: hypersensitive phenotypes of cad1-3, cad1-6, and abcc1/2 under As(III) or Hg(II) treatments were diminished when different batches of the Type A or Type E agar types were used. We also found a significant variation of As and Hg accumulation in the wild-type and cad1-3. Plant As and Hg concentrations were remarkably higher and the difference between the genotypes was more evident when grown with Type A agar plates. We finally analyzed ionomic profiles in the plants exposed to As(III) stress. Agar-type specific ionomic changes in cad1-3 were more observed with the Type A plates than with the Nacalai plates. The presented results overall suggest that suitability of agar reagents for metal(loid)-related phenotyping depends on the experimental design, and an inappropriate selection of agar reagents can mask even very clear phenotypes of the established mutant like cad1-3. We also discuss perspectives on the agar problem in the plant metal study.
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12
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Allahham A, Kanno S, Zhang L, Maruyama-Nakashita A. Sulfur Deficiency Increases Phosphate Accumulation, Uptake, and Transport in Arabidopsis thaliana. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21082971. [PMID: 32340187 PMCID: PMC7215917 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21082971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have shown various metabolic and transcriptomic interactions between sulfur (S) and phosphorus (P) in plants. However, most studies have focused on the effects of phosphate (Pi) availability and P signaling pathways on S homeostasis, whereas the effects of S availability on P homeostasis remain largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the interactions between S and P from the perspective of S availability. We investigated the effects of S availability on Pi uptake, transport, and accumulation in Arabidopsis thaliana grown under sulfur sufficiency (+S) and deficiency (-S). Total P in shoots was significantly increased under -S owing to higher Pi accumulation. This accumulation was facilitated by increased Pi uptake under -S. In addition, -S increased root-to-shoot Pi transport, which was indicated by the increased Pi levels in xylem sap under -S. The -S-increased Pi level in the xylem sap was diminished in the disruption lines of PHT1;9 and PHO1, which are involved in root-to-shoot Pi transport. Our findings indicate a new aspect of the interaction between S and P by listing the increased Pi accumulation as part of -S responses and by highlighting the effects of -S on Pi uptake, transport, and homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa Allahham
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 744, Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan; (A.A.); (L.Z.)
| | - Satomi Kanno
- Institute for Advanced Research, NAIAS, Nagoya University, Frocho, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan;
| | - Liu Zhang
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 744, Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan; (A.A.); (L.Z.)
| | - Akiko Maruyama-Nakashita
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 744, Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan; (A.A.); (L.Z.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-92-802-4712
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13
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Zhang L, Kawaguchi R, Morikawa-Ichinose T, Allahham A, Kim SJ, Maruyama-Nakashita A. Sulfur Deficiency-Induced Glucosinolate Catabolism Attributed to Two β-Glucosidases, BGLU28 and BGLU30, is Required for Plant Growth Maintenance under Sulfur Deficiency. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 61:803-813. [PMID: 32049325 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcaa006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Sulfur (S) is an essential element for plants, and S deficiency causes severe growth retardation. Although the catabolic process of glucosinolates (GSLs), the major S-containing metabolites specific to Brassicales including Arabidopsis, has been recognized as one of the S deficiency (-S) responses in plants, the physiological function of this metabolic process is not clear. Two β-glucosidases (BGLUs), BGLU28 and BGLU30, are assumed to be responsible for this catabolic process as their transcript levels were highly upregulated by -S. To clarify the physiological function of BGLU28 and BGLU30 and their roles in GSL catabolism, we analyzed the accumulation of GSLs and other S-containing compounds in the single and double mutant lines of BGLU28 and BGLU30 and in wild-type plants under different S conditions. GSL levels were highly increased, while the levels of sulfate, cysteine, glutathione and protein were decreased in the double mutant line of BGLU28 and BGLU30 (bglu28/30) under -S. Furthermore, transcript level of Sulfate Transporter1;2, the main contributor of sulfate uptake from the environment, was increased in bglu28/30 mutants under -S. With these metabolic and transcriptional changes, bglu28/30 mutants displayed obvious growth retardation under -S. Overall, our results indicate that BGLU28 and BGLU30 are required for -S-induced GSL catabolism and contribute to sustained plant growth under -S by recycling sulfate to primary S metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Zhang
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395 Japan
| | - Ryota Kawaguchi
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395 Japan
| | - Tomomi Morikawa-Ichinose
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395 Japan
| | - Alaa Allahham
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395 Japan
| | - Sun-Ju Kim
- Department of Bio-Environmental Chemistry, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, South Korea
| | - Akiko Maruyama-Nakashita
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395 Japan
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14
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Cui W, Yao P, Pan J, Dai C, Cao H, Chen Z, Zhang S, Xu S, Shen W. Transcriptome analysis reveals insight into molecular hydrogen-induced cadmium tolerance in alfalfa: the prominent role of sulfur and (homo)glutathione metabolism. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 20:58. [PMID: 32019510 PMCID: PMC7001311 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-2272-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hydrogen gas (H2) is hypothesised to play a role in plants that are coping with stresses by regulating signal transduction and gene expression. Although the beneficial role of H2 in plant tolerance to cadmium (Cd) has been investigated previously, the corresponding mechanism has not been elucidated. In this report, the transcriptomes of alfalfa seedling roots under Cd and/or hydrogen-rich water (HRW) treatment were first analysed. Then, the sulfur metabolism pathways were focused on and further investigated by pharmacological and genetic approaches. RESULTS A total of 1968 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in alfalfa seedling roots under Cd and/or HRW treatment were identified by RNA-Seq. The DEGs were classified into many clusters, including glutathione (GSH) metabolism, oxidative stress, and ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters. The results validated by RT-qPCR showed that the levels of relevant genes involved in sulfur metabolism were enhanced by HRW under Cd treatment, especially the genes involved in (homo)glutathione metabolism. Additional experiments carried out with a glutathione synthesis inhibitor and Arabidopsis thaliana cad2-1 mutant plants suggested the prominent role of glutathione in HRW-induced Cd tolerance. These results were in accordance with the effects of HRW on the contents of (homo)glutathione and (homo)phytochelatins and in alleviating oxidative stress under Cd stress. In addition, the HRW-induced alleviation of Cd toxicity might also be caused by a decrease in available Cd in seedling roots, achieved through ABC transporter-mediated secretion. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, the results of our study indicate that H2 regulated the expression of genes relevant to sulfur and glutathione metabolism and enhanced glutathione metabolism which resulted in Cd tolerance by activating antioxidation and Cd chelation. These results may help to elucidate the mechanism governing H2-induced Cd tolerance in alfalfa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiti Cui
- College of Life Sciences, Laboratory Center of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Ping Yao
- College of Life Sciences, Laboratory Center of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Jincheng Pan
- College of Life Sciences, Laboratory Center of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Chen Dai
- College of Life Sciences, Laboratory Center of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Hong Cao
- College of Life Sciences, Laboratory Center of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Zhiyu Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Laboratory Center of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Shiting Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Laboratory Center of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Sheng Xu
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210014 China
| | - Wenbiao Shen
- College of Life Sciences, Laboratory Center of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
- Center of Hydrogen Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240 China
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15
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Yamaguchi C, Khamsalath S, Takimoto Y, Suyama A, Mori Y, Ohkama-Ohtsu N, Maruyama-Nakashita A. SLIM1 Transcription Factor Promotes Sulfate Uptake and Distribution to Shoot, Along with Phytochelatin Accumulation, Under Cadmium Stress in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:plants9020163. [PMID: 32013219 PMCID: PMC7076661 DOI: 10.3390/plants9020163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Sulfur (S) assimilation, which is initiated by sulfate uptake, generates cysteine, the substrate for glutathione (GSH) and phytochelatin (PC) synthesis. GSH and PC contribute to cadmium (Cd) detoxification by capturing it for sequestration. Although Cd exposure is known to induce the expression of S-assimilating enzyme genes, including sulfate transporters (SULTRs), mechanisms of their transcriptional regulation are not well understood. Transcription factor SLIM1 controls transcriptional changes during S deficiency (-S) in Arabidopsis thaliana. We examined the potential involvement of SLIM1 in inducing the S assimilation pathway and PC accumulation. Cd treatment reduced the shoot fresh weight in the sulfur limitation1 (slim1) mutant but not in the parental line (1;2PGN). Cd-induced increases of sulfate uptake and SULTR1;2 expressions were diminished in the slim1 mutant, suggesting that SLIM1 is involved in inducing sulfate uptake during Cd exposure. The GSH and PC levels were lower in slim1 than in the parental line, indicating that SLIM1 was required for increasing PC during Cd treatment. Hence, SLIM1 indirectly contributes to Cd tolerance of plants by inducing -S responses in the cell caused by depleting the GSH pool, which is consumed by enhanced PC synthesis and sequestration to the vacuole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chisato Yamaguchi
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan; (C.Y.); (S.K.); (A.S.); (Y.M.)
- NARO Tohoku Agricultural Research Center, 4 Akahira, Shimo-Kuriyagawa, Morioka 020-0198, Japan
| | - Soudthedlath Khamsalath
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan; (C.Y.); (S.K.); (A.S.); (Y.M.)
- Ministry of Science and Technology, Biotechnology and Ecology Institute, Genetic Resources Division, Don Teaw village, KM 14 office, Tha Ngon Road, Xaythany district, Vientiane 01170, Laos
| | - Yuki Takimoto
- Faculty of Bioscience, Fukui Prefectural University, 4-1-1 Kenjojima, Matsuoka, Eiheiji-town, Fukui 910-1195, Japan;
| | - Akiko Suyama
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan; (C.Y.); (S.K.); (A.S.); (Y.M.)
- Department of Food and Fermentation Sciences, Faculty of Food and Nutrition Sciences, Beppu University, 82 Kita-Ishigaki, Beppu, Oita 874-8501, Japan
| | - Yuki Mori
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan; (C.Y.); (S.K.); (A.S.); (Y.M.)
| | - Naoko Ohkama-Ohtsu
- Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan;
- Institute of Global Innovation Research, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Akiko Maruyama-Nakashita
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan; (C.Y.); (S.K.); (A.S.); (Y.M.)
- Faculty of Bioscience, Fukui Prefectural University, 4-1-1 Kenjojima, Matsuoka, Eiheiji-town, Fukui 910-1195, Japan;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-92-802-4712
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16
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Zhang W, Yue S, Song J, Xun M, Han M, Yang H. MhNRAMP1 From Malus hupehensis Exacerbates Cell Death by Accelerating Cd Uptake in Tobacco and Apple Calli. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:957. [PMID: 32733509 PMCID: PMC7358555 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Excessive cadmium (Cd) damages plants by causing cell death. The present study discusses the function of natural resistance-associated macrophage protein (NRAMP) on cell death caused by Cd in Malus hupehensis. MhNRAMP1 was isolated from M. hupehensis roots, and its protein was located in the cell membrane as a transmembrane protein characterized by hydrophobicity. MhNRAMP1 expression in the roots was induced by Cd stress and calcium (Ca) deficiency. MhNRAMP1 overexpression increased Cd concentration in yeasts and enhanced their sensitivity to Cd. Phenotypic comparisons of plants under Cd stress revealed that the growth of transgenic tobacco and apple calli overexpressing MhNRAMP1 was worse than that of the wild type (WT). The Cd2+ influx of transgenic tobacco roots and apple calli was higher, and the recovery time of the Cd2+ influx to a stable state in transgenic apple calli was longer than that of the WT. Cd accumulation and the percentage of apoptotic cells in transgenic lines were higher. Correspondingly, the caspase-1-like and vacuolar processing enzyme (VPE) activities and MdVPEγ expression were higher in transgenic apple calli, but the expression levels of genes that inhibit cell death were lower than those in the WT under Cd stress. Moreover, the Cd translocation from the roots to leaves was increased after MhNRAMP1 overexpression, but the Cd translocation from the leaves to seeds was not affected. These results suggest that MhNRMAP1 exacerbated Cd-induced cell death, which was accomplished by mediating Cd2+ uptake and accumulation, as well as stimulating VPE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Zhang
- *Correspondence: Weiwei Zhang, ; Hongqiang Yang,
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17
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Nakajima T, Kawano Y, Ohtsu I, Maruyuama-Nakashita A, Allahham A, Sato M, Sawada Y, Hirai MY, Yokoyama T, Ohkama-Ohtsu N. Effects of Thiosulfate as a Sulfur Source on Plant Growth, Metabolites Accumulation and Gene Expression in Arabidopsis and Rice. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 60:1683-1701. [PMID: 31077319 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcz082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Plants are considered to absorb sulfur from their roots in the form of sulfate. In bacteria like Escherichia coli, thiosulfate is a preferred sulfur source. It is converted into cysteine (Cys). This transformation consumes less NADPH and ATP than sulfate assimilation into Cys. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, thiosulfate promoted growth more than sulfate. In the present study, the availability of thiosulfate, the metabolite transformations and gene expressions it induces were investigated in Arabidopsis and rice as model dicots and monocots, respectively. In Arabidopsis, the thiosulfate-amended plants had lower biomass than those receiving sulfate when sulfur concentrations in the hydroponic medium were above 300 μM. In contrast, rice biomass was similar for plants raised on thiosulfate and sulfate at 300 μM sulfur. Therefore, both plants can use thiosulfate but it is a better sulfur source for rice. In both plants, thiosulfate levels significantly increased in roots following thiosulfate application, indicating that the plants absorbed thiosulfate into their root cells. Thiosulfate is metabolized in plants by a different pathway from that used for sulfate metabolism. Thiosulfate increases plant sulfide and cysteine persulfide levels which means that plants are in a more reduced state with thiosulfate than with sulfate. The microarray analysis of Arabidopsis roots revealed that 13 genes encoding Cys-rich proteins were upregulated more with thiosulfate than with sulfate. These results together with those of the widely targeted metabolomics analysis were used to proposes a thiosulfate assimilation pathway in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takatsugu Nakajima
- Graduate school of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kawano
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Iwao Ohtsu
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | | | - Alaa Allahham
- Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Muneo Sato
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yuji Sawada
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | | | - Tadashi Yokoyama
- Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoko Ohkama-Ohtsu
- Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
- Institute of Global Innovation research, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
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18
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Carvalho MEA, Piotto FA, Franco MR, Rossi ML, Martinelli AP, Cuypers A, Azevedo RA. Relationship between Mg, B and Mn status and tomato tolerance against Cd toxicity. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2019; 240:84-92. [PMID: 30928798 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Distinct tomato genotypes possess different tolerance degree to cadmium (Cd), but the mechanisms behind this phenomenon are scarcely understood. To this end, the physiological, biochemical, anatomical, nutritional and molecular mechanisms associated to the plant tolerance against Cd toxicity were investigated in five tomato accessions with contrasting sensitivity to Cd exposure. Firstly, the data revealed that larger biomass loss was not always coupled to higher Cd concentration, indicating that other events, in addition to the internal Cd accumulation, impact tomato performance at early stages of Cd exposure. Secondly, the results indicated that the fine regulation of nutrient status, particularly magnesium (Mg), boron (B) and manganese (Mn), is associated to the mitigation of Cd toxicity. Magnesium status was coupled to the modulation of root development, resulting in changes in root hair formation and biomass allocation. Boron accumulation in leaves was linked to Cd toxicity, suggesting that tolerance mechanisms involved strategies to decrease or even avoid B excess in photosynthetic tissues. Disturbances in Mn status, i.e. Mn excess in leaves and Mn deficiency in roots, were also related to tomato sensitivity to Cd exposure. Thirdly, plant capacity to maintain leaf blade expansion is a relevant strategy for a better tomato development after short-term Cd exposure. Fourthly, tomato tolerance to Cd-induced stress does not depend on CAT activity enhancements in such conditions. In conclusion, tomato ability to quickly manage its nutritional status is necessary for alleviation of the Cd effects at early stages of exposure to this metal. The better understanding about tolerance mechanisms and mode of action of Cd toxicity in plants can help in the establishment of strategies to mitigate its impacts on crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcia Eugenia Amaral Carvalho
- Departamento de Genética, Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz"/Universidade de São Paulo (Esalq/USP), 13418-900, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernando Angelo Piotto
- Departamento de Produção Vegetal, Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz"/Universidade de São Paulo (Esalq/USP), 13418-900, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Mônica Regina Franco
- Departamento de Genética, Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz"/Universidade de São Paulo (Esalq/USP), 13418-900, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Mônica Lanzoni Rossi
- Divisão Produtividade Agroindustrial e Alimentos, Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura/Universidade de São Paulo (Cena/USP), Av. Centenário, 303, São Dimas, 13416-000, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Adriana Pinheiro Martinelli
- Divisão Produtividade Agroindustrial e Alimentos, Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura/Universidade de São Paulo (Cena/USP), Av. Centenário, 303, São Dimas, 13416-000, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Ann Cuypers
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Building D, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Ricardo Antunes Azevedo
- Departamento de Genética, Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz"/Universidade de São Paulo (Esalq/USP), 13418-900, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
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19
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Morikawa-Ichinose T, Kim SJ, Allahham A, Kawaguchi R, Maruyama-Nakashita A. Glucosinolate Distribution in the Aerial Parts of sel1-10, a Disruption Mutant of the Sulfate Transporter SULTR1;2, in Mature Arabidopsis thaliana Plants. PLANTS 2019; 8:plants8040095. [PMID: 30974830 PMCID: PMC6524378 DOI: 10.3390/plants8040095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Plants take up sulfur (S), an essential element for all organisms, as sulfate, which is mainly attributed to the function of SULTR1;2 in Arabidopsis. A disruption mutant of SULTR1;2, sel1-10, has been characterized with phenotypes similar to plants grown under sulfur deficiency (−S). Although the effects of −S on S metabolism were well investigated in seedlings, no studies have been performed on mature Arabidopsis plants. To study further the effects of −S on S metabolism, we analyzed the accumulation and distribution of S-containing compounds in different parts of mature sel1-10 and of the wild-type (WT) plants grown under long-day conditions. While the levels of sulfate, cysteine, and glutathione were almost similar between sel1-10 and WT, levels of glucosinolates (GSLs) differed between them depending on the parts of the plant. GSLs levels in the leaves and stems were generally lower in sel1-10 than those in WT. However, sel1-10 seeds maintained similar levels of aliphatic GSLs to those in WT plants. GSL accumulation in reproductive tissues is likely to be prioritized even when sulfate supply is limited in sel1-10 for its role in S storage and plant defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomomi Morikawa-Ichinose
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.
| | - Sun-Ju Kim
- Department of Bio-Environmental Chemistry, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea.
| | - Alaa Allahham
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.
| | - Ryota Kawaguchi
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.
| | - Akiko Maruyama-Nakashita
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.
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20
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Adams E, Miyazaki T, Watanabe S, Ohkama-Ohtsu N, Seo M, Shin R. Glutathione and Its Biosynthetic Intermediates Alleviate Cesium Stress in Arabidopsis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1711. [PMID: 32038683 PMCID: PMC6985154 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Phytoremediation is optimized when plants grow vigorously while accumulating the contaminant of interest. Here we show that sulphur supply alleviates aerial chlorosis and growth retardation caused by cesium stress without reducing cesium accumulation in Arabidopsis thaliana. This alleviation was not due to recovery of cesium-induced potassium decrease in plant tissues. Sulphur supply also alleviated sodium stress but not potassium deficiency stress. Cesium-induced root growth inhibition has previously been demonstrated as being mediated through jasmonate biosynthesis and signalling but it was found that sulphur supply did not decrease the levels of jasmonate accumulation or jasmonate-responsive transcripts. Instead, induction of a glutathione synthetase gene GSH2 and reduction of a phytochelatin synthase gene PCS1 as well as increased accumulation of glutathione and cysteine were observed in response to cesium. Exogenous application of glutathione or concomitant treatments of its biosynthetic intermediates indeed alleviated cesium stress. Interestingly, concomitant treatments of glutathione biosynthetic intermediates together with a glutathione biosynthesis inhibitor did not cancel the alleviatory effects against cesium suggesting the existence of a glutathione-independent pathway. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that plants exposed to cesium increase glutathione accumulation to alleviate the deleterious effects of cesium and that exogenous application of sulphur-containing compounds promotes this innate process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eri Adams
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
- *Correspondence: Eri Adams, ; Ryoung Shin,
| | - Takae Miyazaki
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
| | | | - Naoko Ohkama-Ohtsu
- Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology (TUAT), Fuchu, Japan
- Institute of Global Innovation Research, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology (TUAT), Fuchu, Japan
| | - Mitsunori Seo
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Ryoung Shin
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
- *Correspondence: Eri Adams, ; Ryoung Shin,
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21
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Wu J, Sagervanshi A, Mühling KH. Sulfate facilitates cadmium accumulation in leaves of Vicia faba L. at flowering stage. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 156:375-382. [PMID: 29574320 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.03.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic element, and is prevalent all over the world because of industrialization, mining, sewage sludge, or pesticide supply. Sulfur deficiency is also a frequent problem faced in agriculture. To date, information relating to effects of sulfate on Cd toxicity is still limited. To elucidate how sulfate affects Cd accumulation in faba bean, subcellular accumulation of Cd in leaves consisting of apoplastic washing fluid, symplastic fluid and the cell wall under deficient, sufficient and excess sulfate treatments were investigated in the present study. By using stable isotope of Cd (106Cd), we also traced Cd accumulation in young leaves at flowering stage from early and newly uptake of Cd in the same plants as affected by sulfate. We found that excess sulfate supply significantly increased newly uptake of Cd without affecting early uptake of Cd when compared with sufficient sulfate treatment, which resulted in enhanced total Cd in leaves by excess sulfate. Since newly uptake of Cd in leaves was from root uptake directly, we conclude that excess sulfate supply enhanced Cd originated from root uptake directly rather than re-translocation from old leaves, which is related to increased Cd accumulation in young leaves of faba bean. Subcellular analysis showed that the enhanced Cd by excess sulfate addition was a consequence of enhanced Cd in cell walls, while Cd accumulation in the apoplastic washing fluid and symplastic fluid were unchanged. The increased Cd by excess sulfate supply might be related to increased proportion of Cd speciation CdSO40 in the growth medium because of faster diffusion of CdSO40 than Cd2+. To test whether macronutrients, micronutrients, sulfate and non-protein thiol involved in cell wall-Cd accumulation as affected by sulfate, correlations of subcellular Cd with subcellular macronutrients, micronutrients, sulfate, and non-protein thiol were analyzed. We found that cell wall-Cd was negatively correlated with K and Ca concentrations, whereas cell wall-Cd was positively correlated with Cu and symplastic non-protein thiol concentrations. However, when compared with sufficient sulfate, excess sulfate decreased K concentration and increased symplastic non-protein thiol concentration without changing Ca and Cu concentrations. Based on those results, reduction of K concentration and enhancement of symplastic non-protein thiol concentration by sulfate supply might be a reason for increase of cell wall-Cd concentration. Taken together, increased Cd in cell walls of leaves by sulfate supply contributes to enhance Cd accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawen Wu
- Institute of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, Kiel University, Hermann-Rodewald-Str. 2, 24118 Kiel, Germany.
| | - Amit Sagervanshi
- Institute of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, Kiel University, Hermann-Rodewald-Str. 2, 24118 Kiel, Germany.
| | - Karl Hermann Mühling
- Institute of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, Kiel University, Hermann-Rodewald-Str. 2, 24118 Kiel, Germany.
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Jan S, Alyemeni MN, Wijaya L, Alam P, Siddique KH, Ahmad P. Interactive effect of 24-epibrassinolide and silicon alleviates cadmium stress via the modulation of antioxidant defense and glyoxalase systems and macronutrient content in Pisum sativum L. seedlings. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 18:146. [PMID: 30012086 PMCID: PMC6048797 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-018-1359-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study assessed the effects of 24-epibrassinolide (EBL, 10-7M) and silicon (2 mM) on the alleviation of cadmium (Cd, 150 mg L-1) toxicity in Pisum sativum L. seedlings via the modulation of growth, antioxidant defense, glyoxalase system, and nutrient uptake. RESULTS Shoot and root lengths declined by 46.43% and 52.78%, respectively, following Cd stress. Shoot and root dry weights also declined with Cd toxicity. Biochemical and physiological aspects exhibit significant decline including total chlorophyll (33.09%), carotenoid (51.51%), photosynthetic efficiency (32.60%), photochemical quenching (19.04%), leaf relative water content (40.18%), and gas exchange parameters (80.65%). However, EBL or Si supplementation alone or in combination modulates the previously mentioned parameters. Cadmium stress increased proline and glycine betaine (GB) contents by 4.37 and 2.41-fold, respectively. Exposure of plants to Cd stress increased the accumulation of H2O2, malondialdehyde content, electrolyte leakage, and methylglyoxal, which declined significantly with EBL and Si supplementation, both individually and in combination. Similarly, Cd stress adversely affected enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants, but EBL and/or Si supplementation maintained antioxidant levels. Glyoxalase I (GlyI) accumulated after Cd stress and increased further with the application of EBL and Si. However, GlyII content declined after Cd stress but increased with supplementation of EBL and Si. Cadmium accumulation occurred in the following order: roots > shoots>leaves. Supplementation with EBL and Si, individually and in combination reduced Cd accumulation and enhanced the uptake of macronutrients and micronutrients in shoots and roots, which declined with Cd toxicity. CONCLUSION The application of 24-EBL and Si, individually and in combination, alleviated the adverse effects of Cd by improving growth, biochemical parameters, nutrient uptake, osmolyte accumulation, and the anti-oxidative defense and glyoxalase systems in Pisum sativum seedlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumira Jan
- ICAR- Central Institute of Temperate Horticulture, Rangreth, Air Field, Srinagar, Jammu, Kashmir, India
| | - Mohammed Nasser Alyemeni
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Leonard Wijaya
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Pravej Alam
- Biology Department, College of Science and Humanities, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Kadambot H Siddique
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture and School of Agriculture & Environment, The University of Western Australia, LB 5005, Perth, WA, 6001, Australia
| | - Parvaiz Ahmad
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Botany, S.P. College, Srinagar, Jammu, Kashmir, 190001, India.
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23
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Wongkaew A, Asayama K, Kitaiwa T, Nakamura SI, Kojima K, Stacey G, Sekimoto H, Yokoyama T, Ohkama-Ohtsu N. AtOPT6 Protein Functions in Long-Distance Transport of Glutathione in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 59:1443-1451. [PMID: 29669129 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcy074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The involvement of the Arabidopsis oligopeptide transporter AtOPT6, which was previously shown to take up glutathione (GSH) when expressed in yeast cells or in Xenopus laevis oocytes, in GSH transport was analyzed using opt6 knockout mutant lines. The concentration of GSH in flowers or siliques was lower in opt6 mutants relative to wild-type plants, suggesting involvement of AtOPT6 in long-distance transport of GSH. The GSH concentration in phloem sap was similar between opt6 mutants and wild-type plants. These results, combined with earlier reports showing expression of AtOPT6 in the vascular bundle, especially in the cambial zone, suggest that AtOPT6 functions to transport GSH into cells surrounding the phloem in sink organs. The opt6 mutant plants showed delayed bolting, implying the importance of AtOPT6 for regulation of the transition from vegetative to reproductive growth. After cadmium (Cd) treatment, the concentration of the major phytochelatin PC2 was lower in flowers in the opt6 mutants and Cd was accumulated in roots of opt6 mutant plants compared with wild-type plants. These results suggest that AtOPT6 is likely to be involved in transporting GSH, PCs and Cd complexed with these thiols into sink organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arunee Wongkaew
- United Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koki Asayama
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taisuke Kitaiwa
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Nakamura
- Department of Biological Production, Faculty of Bioresource Sciences, Akita Prefectural University, 241-438 Kaidobata-Nishi, Shimoshinjo-Nakano, Akita-shi, Akita, Japan
- Department of Bioscience, Faculty of Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1 Sakuragaoka, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Kojima
- Institute of Global Innovation Research, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Gary Stacey
- Divisions of Plant Science and Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Hitoshi Sekimoto
- Faculty of Agriculture, Utsunomiya University, 350 Mine-machi, Utsunomiya, Japan
| | - Tadashi Yokoyama
- Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoko Ohkama-Ohtsu
- Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, Japan
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24
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Akbudak MA, Filiz E, Kontbay K. Genome-wide identification and cadmium induced expression profiling of sulfate transporter (SULTR) genes in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.). Biometals 2017; 31:91-105. [PMID: 29236185 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-017-0071-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Sulfur is an essential element for all living organisms. Plants can convert inorganic sulfur into organic sulfur compounds by complex enzymatic steps. In this study, we conducted a genome-wide analysis of sulfate transporter genes (SULTRs) in the sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) genome and examined expression profiles of SbSULTR genes under 200 µM cadmium (Cd) exposure. As a result of sorghum genome analysis, 11 SULTR genes were identified, including SbSULTR1;1, SbSULTR1;2, SbSULTR1;3, SbSULTR2;1, SbSULTR2;2, SbSULTR3;1, SbSULTR3;2, SbSULTR3;3, SbSULTR3;4, SbSULTR3;5, and SbSULTR4. Given names are based on phylogeny and chromosomal locations. Except SbSULTR4, all SbSULTR proteins contained Sulfate_transp (PF00916), STAS (PF01740) domains and 12 trans-membrane domains. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that four major groups were identified such as SULTR1, 2, 3, and 4 groups and SULTR4 group was separated to other SULTR groups. In promotor sequences of SbSULTR genes, many diverse cis-acting elements were found mainly related with physiological processes such as light, stress and hormone responsiveness. The expression profiles of SbSULTR genes showed that SULTR1;2, 1;3, 3;3, and 3;5 genes up-regulated in root, while expression level of SULTR4 decreased under 200 µM Cd exposure. The predicted 3D structures of SULTR proteins showed some conformational changes, suggesting functional diversities of SbSULTRs. Finally, results of this study may contribute towards understanding SbSULTR genes and their regulations and roles in Cd stress in sorghum.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Aydın Akbudak
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey.
| | - Ertugrul Filiz
- Department of Crop and Animal Production, Cilimli Vocational School, Duzce University, Cilimli, Duzce, Turkey.
| | - Kubra Kontbay
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
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25
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Ferri A, Lancilli C, Maghrebi M, Lucchini G, Sacchi GA, Nocito FF. The Sulfate Supply Maximizing Arabidopsis Shoot Growth Is Higher under Long- than Short-Term Exposure to Cadmium. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:854. [PMID: 28588602 PMCID: PMC5439006 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The processes involved in cadmium detoxification in plants deeply affect sulfate uptake and thiol homeostasis and generate increases in the plant nutritional request for sulfur. Here, we present an analysis of the dependence of Arabidopsis growth on the concentration of sulfate in the growing medium with the aim of providing evidence on how plants optimize growth at a given sulfate availability. Results revealed that short-term (72 h) exposure to a broad range of Cd concentrations (0.1, 1, and 10 μM) inhibited plant growth but did not produce any significant effects on the growth pattern of both shoots and roots in relation to the external sulfate. Conversely, long-term (22 days) exposure to 0.1 μM Cd significantly changed the pattern of fresh weight accumulation of the shoots in relation to the external sulfate, without affecting that of the roots, although their growth was severely inhibited by Cd. Moreover, under long-term exposure to Cd, increasing the sulfate external concentration up to the critical value progressively reduced the inhibitory effects exerted by Cd on shoot growth, indicating the existence of sulfate-dependent adaptive responses protecting the shoot tissues against Cd injury. Transcriptional induction of the high-affinity sulfate transporter genes (SULTR1; 1 and SULTR1; 2) involved in sulfate uptake by roots was a common adaptive response to both short- and long-term exposure to Cd. Such a response was closely related to the total amount of non-protein thiols accumulated by a single plant under short-term exposure to Cd, but did not showed any clear relation with thiols under long-term exposure to Cd. In this last condition, Cd exposure did not change the level of non-protein thiols per plant and thus did not alter the nutritional need for sulfur. In conclusion, our results indicate that long term-exposure to Cd, although it induces sulfate uptake, decreases the capacity of the Arabidopsis roots to efficiently absorb the sulfate ions available in the growing medium making the adaptive response of SULTR1; 1 and SULTR1; 2 "per se" not enough to optimize the growth at sulfate external concentrations lower than the critical value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Ferri
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali – Produzione, Territorio, Agroenergia, Università degli Studi di MilanoMilano, Italy
| | - Clarissa Lancilli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali – Produzione, Territorio, Agroenergia, Università degli Studi di MilanoMilano, Italy
- Istituto d’Istruzione Superiore di CodognoCodogno, Italy
| | - Moez Maghrebi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali – Produzione, Territorio, Agroenergia, Università degli Studi di MilanoMilano, Italy
| | - Giorgio Lucchini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali – Produzione, Territorio, Agroenergia, Università degli Studi di MilanoMilano, Italy
| | - Gian Attilio Sacchi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali – Produzione, Territorio, Agroenergia, Università degli Studi di MilanoMilano, Italy
| | - Fabio F. Nocito
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali – Produzione, Territorio, Agroenergia, Università degli Studi di MilanoMilano, Italy
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26
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Yamaguchi C, Ohkama-Ohtsu N, Shinano T, Maruyama-Nakashita A. Plants prioritize phytochelatin synthesis during cadmium exposure even under reduced sulfate uptake caused by the disruption of SULTR1;2. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2017; 12:e1325053. [PMID: 28486013 PMCID: PMC5501232 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2017.1325053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Revised: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Glutathione and phytochelatins are sulfur containing compounds playing an important role in cadmium (Cd) detoxification. We examined the Cd-induced changes in the percentage of sulfur containing compounds to total sulfur in wild-type and sulfate transporter 1;2 knockout mutant, sel1-10. Cd treatment increased the proportion of sulfate and thiols in the total sulfur content. Among the thiols analyzed, the proportion of cysteine and glutathione were decreased by the Cd treatment and that of the phytochelatins were increased. Although the total sulfur content in sel1-10 was decreased compared with that in wild-type, the percentages of individual thiol in the total thiol content were similarly maintained between sel1-10 and wild-type, suggesting that plants tightly controlled the balance of each thiol under Cd treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chisato Yamaguchi
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kyushu University, Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Naoko Ohkama-Ohtsu
- Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takuro Shinano
- NARO Hokkaido Agricultural Research Center, Toyohira-ku, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Akiko Maruyama-Nakashita
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kyushu University, Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
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27
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Tamaoki M, Maruyama-Nakashita A. Molecular Mechanisms of Selenium Responses and Resistance in Plants. PLANT ECOPHYSIOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-56249-0_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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