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FTIR-PCA Approach on Raw and Thermally Processed Chicken Lipids Stabilized by Nano-Encapsulation in β-Cyclodextrin. Foods 2022; 11:foods11223632. [PMID: 36429225 PMCID: PMC9689604 DOI: 10.3390/foods11223632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated similarities/dissimilarities of raw and processed chicken breast and thigh lipids that were complexed by β-cyclodextrin, using a combined FTIR-PCA technique. Lipid fractions were analyzed as non-complexed and β-cyclodextrin-complexed samples via thermogravimetry, differential scanning calorimetry and ATR-FTIR. The lipid complexation reduced the water content to 7.67-8.33%, in comparison with the β-cyclodextrin hydrate (~14%). The stabilities of the complexes and β-cyclodextrin were almost the same. ATR-FTIR analysis revealed the presence of important bands that corresponded to the C=O groups (1743-1744 cm-1) in both the non-complexed and nano-encapsulated lipids. Furthermore, the bands that corresponded to the vibrations of double bonds corresponding to the natural/degraded (cis/trans) fatty acids in lipids appeared at 3008-3011 and 938-946 cm-1, respectively. The main FTIR bands that were involved in the discrimination of raw and processed chicken lipids, and of non-complexed and complexed lipids, were evaluated with PCA. The shifting of specific FTIR band wavenumbers had the highest influence, especially vibrations of the α(1→4) glucosidic bond in β-cyclodextrin for PC1, and CH2/3 groups from lipids for PC2. This first approach on β-cyclodextrin nano-encapsulation of chicken lipids revealed the possibility to stabilize poultry fatty components for further applications in various ingredients for the food industry.
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The Effect of the Housing System, Season and the Linseed Oil Ethyl Esters Additive on Selected Blood Parameters in Rabbits. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12202773. [PMID: 36290158 PMCID: PMC9597805 DOI: 10.3390/ani12202773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The composition of the diet, including the amount and type of lipid supplements, influences the products formed in the digestive tract, their levels in the blood and their deposition in the tissues. One example of a plant rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids is flax (Linum usitatissimum). The aim of the presented work was to evaluate the effect of the linseed oil ethyl esters additive and environmental conditions on the selected rabbit blood parameters. The study included two types of animal maintenance (laboratory conditions and external conditions) and two seasons (summer and winter), a total of four study stages. At each stage, a control group and an experimental group were specified. The feed supplement in the form of esterified linseed oil was administered to the experimental animals for two months. The blood samples were collected at the beginning of the experiment, as well as at the end of treatment. Moreover, blood samples were collected also after two months from the end of the experiment. During the experiment, morphological and biochemical parameters of the rabbits’ blood were examined. The results of the content of fatty acids were determined in the erythrocytes and serum blood samples and grouped into saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, especially omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids. In an internal study, the influence of housing conditions and season on selected morphological and biochemical parameters of rabbit blood was confirmed. Furthermore, expected beneficial changes in the fatty acid profile in erythrocytes and blood serum were observed as a result of supplementation. A significant increase in omega-3 fatty acids was noted as well as a substantial decrease in the ratio of omega-6 to omega-3 fatty acids (p < 0.01). Most importantly, the linseed oil ethyl ester supplement used did not adversely affect the health of the rabbits, as evidenced by biochemical and blood morphological indices remaining within, known so far, reference limits or showing only slight fluctuations (p > 0.05). However, the obtained results extend the database of hematological blood parameters in rabbits, thus, contributing to improvements in laboratory diagnostics for fur animals.
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Ekpo KJ, Akakpo DAA, Edikou KUS, Atchouke GDL, Osseyi GE, Dossou J. Comparative Study of Organoleptic Quality and Use Test of Pasteurized, Freeze-dried and Hot Air-dried Quail Eggs Produced in Benin. JOURNAL OF CULINARY SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/15428052.2022.2068170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kotchikpa Justin Ekpo
- Regional Centre of Excellence in Poultry Sciences (CERSA), University of Lome, Lome, Togo
- Laboratory of Bioengineering of Food Process (LABIOPA), Faculty of Agronomic Sciences (FSA), University of Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou, Benin
| | - Da-Afi Akpénè Akakpo
- Regional Centre of Excellence in Poultry Sciences (CERSA), University of Lome, Lome, Togo
| | - Koba Ulrich Spéro Edikou
- Regional Centre of Excellence in Poultry Sciences (CERSA), University of Lome, Lome, Togo
- Laboratory of Bioengineering of Food Process (LABIOPA), Faculty of Agronomic Sciences (FSA), University of Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou, Benin
| | - Gbênankpon Donald Laurent Atchouke
- Laboratory of Bioengineering of Food Process (LABIOPA), Faculty of Agronomic Sciences (FSA), University of Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou, Benin
| | - Germais Elolo Osseyi
- School of Biological and Food Techniques (ESTBA), University of Lome, Lome, Togo
| | - Joseph Dossou
- Laboratory of Bioengineering of Food Process (LABIOPA), Faculty of Agronomic Sciences (FSA), University of Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou, Benin
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Ali Tavakkoli A, Mirakzehi MT, Saleh H, Yousefi M. The effects of supplementation of Withania coagulans and α-tocopherol acetate in diets containing oxidised oil on growth performance, immune response and antioxidant indices in broiler chickens. Arch Anim Nutr 2021; 75:278-293. [PMID: 34325577 DOI: 10.1080/1745039x.2021.1942765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
This experiment was designed to study the effects of a hydroalcoholic fruit extract from Withania coagulans (WC) and α-tocopherol acetate (α-Toc) in diets containing oxidised oil on growth performance, immune response and antioxidant indices of broiler chickens. The experiment was arranged 2 × 3 × 2 factorial comprising the oxidised oil (0% and 2% diet), WC (0, 100 and 200 mg/kg diet) and α-Toc (0 and 200 mg/kg diet). A total of 600 1-day-old male broiler chickens of the Ross strain were randomly allocated to 12 treatments with 5 replicates of 10 birds each. On day 42, one bird from each replicate was sacrified to measure the lymphoid organ weights, intestinal morphometric characteristics, and malondialdehyde content in the thigh meat. Dietary inclusion of oxidised oil significantly reduced the body weight gain in birds receiving no dietary WC (p < 0.05). In contrast, dietary supplementation of WC at 100 mg/kg diet in birds fed with the diets lacking in WC and oxidised oil resulted in significant increase in body weight gain (p < 0.05). Dietary supplementation of WC significantly increased the total anti-sheep red blood cell titre (p < 0.01). The birds fed with the dietary oxidised oil revealed significantly higher values of malondialdehyde and lower glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activities (p < 0.05). Feeding diets containing WC resulted in a significant decrease in malondialdehyde content in thigh meat while conversely, increased the glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activities (p < 0.05). The findings indicated that the dietary inclusion of WC could be recommended as a potent alternative to synthetic compounds in order to improve broilers performance, immunity and meat quality under oxidative stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma Ali Tavakkoli
- Department of Animal Science, Higher Education Complex of Saravan, Saravan, Iran
| | | | - Hassan Saleh
- Department of Animal Science, Higher Education Complex of Saravan, Saravan, Iran
| | - Manouchehr Yousefi
- Department of Animal Science, Higher Education Complex of Saravan, Saravan, Iran
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Azimi V, Mirakzehi MT, Saleh H. Hydroalcoholic extract of Withania somnifera leaf and α-tocopherol acetate in diets containing oxidised oil: effects on growth performance, immune response, and oxidative status in broiler chickens. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2020.1808537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Vahid Azimi
- Department of Animal Science, Higher Educational Complex of Saravan, Saravan, Iran
| | | | - Hassan Saleh
- Department of Animal Science, Higher Educational Complex of Saravan, Saravan, Iran
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Hang T, Molee W, Khempaka S. Linseed oil or tuna oil supplementation in slow-growing chicken diets: Can their meat reach the threshold of a “high in n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids” product? J APPL POULTRY RES 2018. [DOI: 10.3382/japr/pfy010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
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Irandoust H, Ahn DU. Influence of soy oil source and dietary supplementation of vitamins E and C on the oxidation status of serum and egg yolk, and the lipid profile of egg yolk. Poult Sci 2015; 94:2763-71. [PMID: 26500276 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pev290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
An experiment was conducted to determine the effects of adding vitamins E and C to diets containing 3.5% refined soy oil (SO), recycled soy oil (RSO), or acidulated soy oil soapstocks (ASS) on 1) fatty acid (FA) profile, and cholesterol, triglyceride (TG) and α-tocopherol (α-T) concentrations of yolk, and 2) the oxidation status of serum and yolk. Twelve dietary treatments, using 3 oil sources, 2 levels of vitamin E (0 vs. 250 mg/kg), and 2 levels of vitamin C (0 vs. 250 mg/kg), were prepared. A total of 300 W36 Hy-line laying hens, from 44 to 56 weeks of age, were placed in 60 cages (5 birds/cage) and 5 cages were randomly assigned to one of the 12 diets. Blood samples and eggs were collected after 84 d on trial. No interactions among main effects were found for any of the traits studied. Oil sources had little effects on the FA profile of the yolk, except for C18:3 that was higher (P-value of < 0.01) in the hens fed SO than those fed RSO or ASS. Vitamin E supplementation significantly (P-value of < 0.05) increased the concentration of C16:0, C18:0, and C16:1 but decreased that of C18:2 and C22:6n3 in the yolk. Vitamin C supplementation significantly (P-value of < 0.05) increased C18:0 and C18:3 concentrations in the yolk but decreased the n6 to n3 FA ratio. The concentrations of cholesterol and triglyceride in serum and yolk were not affected by dietary treatment but α-tocopherol concentration increased (P-value of < 0.01) by the dietary vitamin E. Compared with the hens fed the SO diets, malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration in serum was higher with RSO diet but lower with ASS diet. Vitamin E and vitamin C supplementation decreased (P-value of < 0.05) serum MDA. Yolk FA profile was affected not only by the FA profile of the oil source used in diet, but also by the supplementation of vitamin E and C. The results showed that triglyceride profile, but not cholesterol content, of egg was affected by fatty acid profile of the supplemental oil and the vitamin C and E supplementations.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Irandoust
- Department of Animal Sciences, Institute of Technical and Vocational Higher Education, Agriculture Jihad, 8168116676, Isfahan, Iran
| | - D U Ahn
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University Ames, Iowa 50011-3150, USA
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Laika M, Jahanian R. Dietary supplementation of organic selenium could improve performance, antibody response, and yolk oxidative stability in laying hens fed on diets containing oxidized fat. Biol Trace Elem Res 2015; 165:195-205. [PMID: 25653003 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-015-0251-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The present study was carried out to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation of organic selenium (Se) on performance, egg quality indices, and yolk oxidative stability in laying hens fed diets with different fat sources. A total of 270 Hy-line W-36 Leghorn hens of 47 weeks of age were randomly distributed into the 5 replicate cages of 9 dietary treatments. Experimental diets consisted of a 3 × 3 factorial arrangement of treatments with three different fat sources (soybean oil, SO; yellow grease, YG; and palm fat powder, PFP) and three different levels of supplemental Se (0, 0.2, and 0.4 mg/kg of diet) as supplied by zinc-L-selenomethionine (ZnSeMet) complex, which fed during a 77-day feeding trial including 7 days for adaptation and 70 days as the main recording period. Results showed that the highest (P < 0.05) egg weights assigned to the hens fed on SO-supplemented diets. Hen-day egg production was affected by both dietary fat source (P < 0.01) and Se level (P < 0.05) throughout the trial period. Regardless of dietary fat source, dietary supplementation of ZnSeMet improved (P < 0.05) egg mass during all trial periods. Moreover, the significant (P < 0.05) fat source× Se interactions were observed for egg mass, so that dietary supplementation with 0.4 mg/kg Se was more effective in diets supplemented with YG. Although feed intake was not affected by experimental diets during the first 35-day period, dietary inclusion of PFP reduced feed intake during both second 35-day (P < 0.01) and entire trial period (P < 0.05). The best (P < 0.01) feed conversion ratio during the first 35-day period was assigned to the birds fed on SO-diets, followed by those fed YG-diets. Dietary supplementation of ZnSeMet improved (P < 0.05) feed efficiency during the first 35-day period. Supplementation of ZnSeMet into the diets increased yolk index, with more impact in hens fed on YG-diets. The highest concentration of yolk malondialdehyde was observed in YG-fed groups, and ZnSeMet supplementation of diets decreased (P < 0.05) yolk malondialdehyde. The highest (P<0.01) glutathione peroxidase activity was observed for hens fed on diets supplemented by YG, followed by those on SO-diets. Although different fat sources had no effect on antibody titer against Newcastle disease virus, supplemental ZnSeMet improved (P < 0.05) antibody response. The present findings indicate that dietary supplementation of ZnSeMet could improve performance parameters and egg oxidative stability in laying hens, with the highest impact in diets containing oxidized (high peroxide values) fat sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Laika
- Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111, Iran
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Prévéraud DP, Devillard E, Borel P. Dietary fat modulates dl-α-tocopheryl acetate (vitamin E) bioavailability in adult cockerels. Br Poult Sci 2015; 56:94-102. [PMID: 25354175 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2014.982074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
1. A trial was designed to assess the effect of fat supplementation (amount and type of fatty acids) on vitamin E bioavailability in adult cockerels. 2. A total of 60 birds were force-fed three different diets: a semi-purified diet without added fat (Control diet) or supplemented with 3% fat as linseed (Linseed diet) or hydrogenated coconut oil (Coconut diet). The three experimental diets were also supplemented with dl-α-tocopheryl acetate to provide 40 mg vitamin E per bird. 3. After one week of depletion, blood was collected from the wing vein before (baseline) and 6, 12, 24 and 96 h after the gavage. Plasma samples were analysed for their α-tocopherol, cholesterol and triglycerides concentrations. 4. Results showed that the addition of 3% fat in the experimental diet increased post-gavage plasma α-tocopherol response by 153% for Linseed diet and by 75% for Coconut diet (P < 0.0001) compared to the Control group. Furthermore, the plasma α-tocopherol response observed with the Linseed diet was 44% greater than that observed with the Coconut diet (P < 0.0001). There was no effect of treatments on either plasma triglycerides (P = 0.91) or cholesterol (P = 0.45) responses. 5. In conclusion, this study shows that the addition of 3% fat to the diet significantly increases dl-α-tocopheryl acetate bioavailability in adult cockerels. Supplementation of fat rich in unsaturated fatty acids also leads to a higher dl-α-tocopheryl acetate bioavailability than fat rich in saturated fatty acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- D P Prévéraud
- a Centre of Expertise and Research in Nutrition , Adisseo France SAS , Commentry , France
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Single-pipetting microfluidic assay device for rapid detection of Salmonella from poultry package. Biosens Bioelectron 2013; 40:342-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2012.07.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2012] [Revised: 07/03/2012] [Accepted: 07/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Vossen E, Doolaege EH, Moges HD, De Meulenaer B, Szczepaniak S, Raes K, De Smet S. Effect of sodium ascorbate dose on the shelf life stability of reduced nitrite liver pâtés. Meat Sci 2012; 91:29-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2011.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2011] [Revised: 11/22/2011] [Accepted: 12/02/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Narciso-Gaytán C, Shin D, Sams AR, Bailey CA, Miller RK, Smith SB, Leyva-Ovalle OR, Sánchez-Plata MX. Soybean, palm kernel, and animal-vegetable oils and vitamin E supplementation effect on lipid oxidation stability of sous vide chicken meat. Poult Sci 2010; 89:721-8. [PMID: 20308404 DOI: 10.3382/ps.2009-00241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2023] Open
Abstract
There is an increasing demand in precooked chicken meat products for restaurants and catering services. Because cooked chicken meat develops lipid oxidation relatively fast, sous vide chicken meat was studied to assess its shelf-life. Six hundred Cobb x Ross broilers were fed for 6 wk with a basal corn-soybean meal diet including soybean, palm kernel, or animal-vegetable oil, each supplemented with 33 or 200 mg/kg of dl-alpha-tocopheryl acetate. Broilers were randomly assigned into 6 treatments and 4 repetitions with 25 birds each. Boneless breast or thigh muscle pieces were dissected into 5 x 5 x 5 cm cubes, vacuum-packed, cooked in water bath (until 74 degrees C internal temperature), chilled, and stored at 4 degrees C for 1, 5, 10, 25, and 40 d. For each storage day, each pouch contained 3 pieces of meat, either breast or thigh. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances analysis, to quantify malonaldehyde (MDA) values, was conducted to estimate the lipid oxidation development. Nonheme iron values of cooked meat were analyzed. Fatty acid methyl esters analysis was performed in chicken muscle to determine its fatty acid composition. There was no interaction between dietary fat and vitamin E level in all of the variables studied except in nonheme iron. Dietary fat significantly influenced the fatty acid composition of the muscle (P < 0.01), but it did not affect the MDA values, regardless of differences in the muscle fatty acid composition between treatments. Supplementation of the high level of vitamin E significantly reduced the MDA values in both breast and thigh meat (P < 0.01). The maximum MDA values were observed at d 40 of storage in thigh and breast meat in animal-vegetable and soybean oil treatments with the low levels of vitamin E, 0.91 and 0.70 mg/kg, respectively. Nonheme iron values in thigh meat differed between treatments at 1 or 25 d of storage but not in breast meat. In conclusion, refrigerated sous vide chicken meat has a prolonged shelf-life, which is enhanced by dietary supranutritional supplementation of vitamin E.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Narciso-Gaytán
- Colegio de Postgraduados, Campus Córdoba, Km. 348 Carretera Federal Córdoba-Veracruz, Congregación Manuel León, Amatlán de los Reyes, Ver. Apartado Postal 143 Córdoba, Ver. C.P. 94946, Mexico.
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Gao J, Lin H, Wang X, Song Z, Jiao H. Vitamin E supplementation alleviates the oxidative stress induced by dexamethasone treatment and improves meat quality in broiler chickens. Poult Sci 2010; 89:318-27. [DOI: 10.3382/ps.2009-00216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Oxidized oils and dietary zinc and α-tocopheryl acetate supplementation: effects on rabbit plasma, liver and meat fatty acid composition and meat Zn, Cu, Fe and Se content. Animal 2010; 4:1929-39. [DOI: 10.1017/s1751731110000935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Dietary n-6- or n-3-rich vegetable fats and α-tocopheryl acetate: effects on fatty acid composition and stability of rabbit plasma, liver and meat. Animal 2009; 3:1408-19. [DOI: 10.1017/s1751731109990334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Tres A, Bou R, Codony R, Guardiola F. Influence of different dietary doses of n-3- or n-6-rich vegetable fats and alpha-tocopheryl acetate supplementation on raw and cooked rabbit meat composition and oxidative stability. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2008; 56:7243-7253. [PMID: 18627165 DOI: 10.1021/jf800736w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluates the effects of replacing beef tallow added to rabbit feeds (3% w/w) by different doses (0%, 1.5% and 3% w/w) of n-6- or n-3-rich vegetable fat sources (sunflower and linseed oil, respectively) and alpha-tocopheryl acetate supplementation (0 and 100 mg/kg) on the fatty acid composition, alpha-tocopherol content, and oxidation levels [assessed by analyzing thiobarbituric acid (TBA) and lipid hydroperoxide values] in rabbit meat. We also measured these parameters after cooking and refrigerated storage of cooked rabbit meat. Both dietary alpha-tocopheryl acetate supplementation and the dose and source of fat added to feeds influenced meat fatty acid composition, modifying the n-6/n-3 ratio, which was more nutritionally favorable when linseed oil was used. Furthermore, the addition of linseed oil and the supplementation with alpha-tocopheryl acetate enhanced long-chain PUFA biosynthesis. However, the addition of 3% linseed oil increased meat oxidation, and although it was reduced by dietary supplementation with alpha-tocopheryl acetate in raw meat, this reduction was not as effective after cooking. Therefore, dietary supplementation with 1.5% linseed oil plus 1.5% beef tallow and with alpha-tocopheryl acetate would be recommended to improve the nutritional quality of rabbit meat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Tres
- Nutrition and Food Science Department-XaRTA-INSA, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Avinguda Joan XXIII s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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