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Mahmood S, Younus A, Nathaniel S, Younas H. MTHFR A1298C polymorphism: a predictor of reduced risk of preeclampsia in Punjab, Pakistan. Hypertens Pregnancy 2023; 42:2187621. [PMID: 36922394 DOI: 10.1080/10641955.2023.2187621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate the genetic association between MTHFR (A1298C) SNP and preeclampsia (PE) in Punjab, Pakistan. METHODS A sample of 80 pregnant women (40 healthy pregnant women and 40 with PE) was pooled for genotyping MTHFR A1298C polymorphism by using the tetra-primer amplification refractory mutation system (ARMS) PCR. The Genotypic and allelic assessments were performed using various statistical techniques. RESULTS The AC genotype and C allele of MTHFR A1298C were found to be associated with decreased risk of PE (odds ratio [OR]: 0.31, risk ratio [RR]: 0.58, p = 0.01), and (odds ratio [OR]: 0.49, risk ratio [RR]: 0.61, p = 0.04), respectively. CONCLUSION In conclusion, genetic polymorphism A1298C in MTHFR may pose a protective effect in the studied population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadia Mahmood
- Department of Biochemistry, Kinnaird College for Women, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Amna Younus
- Department of Biochemistry, Kinnaird College for Women, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sammar Nathaniel
- Department of Biochemistry, Kinnaird College for Women, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Hooria Younas
- Department of Biochemistry, Kinnaird College for Women, Lahore, Pakistan
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2
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Pavlik R, Hecht S, Noss U, Soldin OP, Mendu RD, Soldin SJ, Lohse P, Thaler CJ. Reduced Steroid Synthesis in the Follicular Fluid of MTHFR 677TT Mutation Carriers: Effects of Increased Folic Acid Administration. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 2022; 82:1074-1081. [PMID: 36186148 PMCID: PMC9525144 DOI: 10.1055/a-1791-9358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To compare steroid profiles in the follicular fluid (FF) from women homozygous for the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) 677C>T mutation and wildtype controls and to correlate it with the folic acid administration scheme applied at the time of oocyte retrieval. Design Retrospective single center study. Subjects and Methods Infertile patients treated by using assisted reproductive techniques were genotyped routinely for the MTHFR 677C>T mutation. In 2006 they had received folic acid supplementation doses of 400 µg daily per os. This group was designated Group-400 (n = 10). From 2008 onwards, all of our infertility patients received a daily dose of 800 µg folic acid per os. Women from this group were designated Group-800 (n = 28). FF were collected and a panel of steroid hormones (estradiol, estrone, estriol, cortisol, progesterone, 17-OH progesterone, testosterone, androstenedione, aldosterone, DHEA, and DHEA-S) was measured by isotope dilution liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry employing atmospheric pressure photo ionization (APPI). Results In Group-400, the FF hormone profile confirmed a significant reduction of estradiol in homozygous 677TT carriers (0.52 ± 0.08-fold, exact p = 0.032) and for the first time also revealed significantly reduced estriol concentrations in these individuals (0.54 ± 0.05-fold, p = 0.016), as compared to wildtype controls. In Group-800, no significant differences were found for concentrations of any of the steroid hormones between homozygous 677TT carriers and wildtype controls. Conclusions The current findings support and extend previous reports on reduced concentrations of specific steroid hormones in follicular fluids of homozygous MTHFR 677C>T mutation carriers. The restoration of the FF hormone profile by elevated-dose folic acid supplementation might impact performing ART in infertile women with the MTHFR 677TT-genotype. Further adequately powered studies are necessary to verify our finding and to demonstrate the clinical effect of enhanced folic supplementation on ovarian function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Pavlik
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Center for Gynecological Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich,
Germany,TFP Fertility Wels, Wels, Austria
| | - Stephanie Hecht
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Center for Gynecological Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich,
Germany,Practice for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Erfurt, Germany
| | - Ulrich Noss
- Centre for Reproductive Medicine, Munich, Germany
| | - Offie P. Soldin
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, D.C., USA
| | - Rao D. Mendu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, D.C., USA
| | - Steven J. Soldin
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, D.C., USA
| | - Peter Lohse
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian J. Thaler
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Center for Gynecological Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich,
Germany,Korrespondenzadresse Univ.-Prof. Dr. med. Christian J. Thaler, M.I.A.C., F.C.R.I. University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Department of Obstetrics and
Gynecology and Center for Gynecological Endocrinology and Reproductive MedicineMarchioninistraße 1581377
MunichGermany
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Marques M, Alves F, Leitão M, Rodrigues C, Ferreira JT. Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase polymorphisms as risk factors for retinal venous occlusive disease: A literature review. Eur J Ophthalmol 2021; 31:884-891. [PMID: 33715478 DOI: 10.1177/11206721211000647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The role of polymorphisms of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene in retinal vein occlusion (RVO) is a theme of discussion since the first reports of RVO in patients with MTHFR C677T mutation and without classic acquired risk factors for retinal vascular disease. The association between MTHFR polymorphisms and RVO has been studied over the last 20 years producing conflicting results. This review aims to summarize the literature concerning the role MTHFR polymorphisms as risk factors for RVO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Marques
- Instituto Oftalmológico Doutor Gama Pinto, Lisboa, Portugal
| | | | - Miguel Leitão
- Instituto Oftalmológico Doutor Gama Pinto, Lisboa, Portugal
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Peng X, Zhou Y, Wu X, Wang X, Bai H, Li Y, Wang Z, Chen X, Wang Y. Association of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) variant C677T and risk of carotid atherosclerosis: a cross-sectional analysis of 730 Chinese Han adults in Chongqing. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2020; 20:222. [PMID: 32404177 PMCID: PMC7222312 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-020-01505-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Uncertainty still remains on the correlation of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) variant C677T with risk of carotid atherosclerosis (CAS), and there is a lack of reports on C677T/MTHFR in the Asian population. The association of C677T/MTHFR polymorphisms with CAS in the Chinese Han population in Chongqing was investigated in the present study. METHODS Subjects (n = 730, 214 females and 516 males, Han ethnicity) who provided an informed consent were randomly selected from the general population of Chongqing, China. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism and Sanger sequencing genotyping assays were used to determine the MTHFR genotypes. The atherosclerosis index of the intima-media thickness (IMT) was measured by high-resolution ultrasound to evaluate the CAS. Less than 1.0 mm was considered as normal for IMT, 1.0-1.5 mm was considered as thickening, and ≥ 1.5 mm and a local bulge thickened in the lumen was considered as CAS. According to the carotid ultrasonography results, these subjects were divided into two groups: CAS-group (IMT ≥ 1.0 mm) and control group (IMT < 1.0 mm). RESULTS The frequency of C/T heterozygotes, T/T homozygotes genotype was significantly higher in the subjects with CAS (62% vs. 36.9%; 16.2% vs. 9.5%; 47.2% vs. 27.9%, P < 0.05), while the frequency of C/C homozygotes and C allele was significantly lower (21.8% vs. 53.7%; 52.8% vs. 72.1%, P < 0.05), when compared to the control group. The risk of CAS was higher for subjects with C/T heterozygotes and T/T homozygotes (OR = 4.06, 95% CI: 2.76-5.98, P < 0.001 and OR = 3.14, 95% CI: 1.73-5.69, P < 0.001, respectively), when compared to the subjects with the C/C genotype. In the model 1 (CT + TT versus CC), C677T/MTHFR was significantly associated with the prevalence of CAS, and the all adjusted OR values for CAS were 3.87 (95% CI, 2.67 to 5.62) in all, 17.18 (95% CI, 7.27 to 40.49) in women and 2.57 (95% CI, 1.65 to 3.99) in men after adjusting for potential confounding factors. CONCLUSIONS The present study suggests that a mutation in the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene is a risk factor of CAS in the Chinese Han population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xulei Peng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yongli Zhou
- Health Management Department, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoxing Wu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaolin Wang
- Health Management Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Huili Bai
- Department of the Clinical molecular Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yongqiang Li
- Health Management Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhichao Wang
- Emergency Department, The Third Affiliated Hospital Of ChongQing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xuan Chen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yonghong Wang
- Health Management Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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Fernández-Vega B, Álvarez L, García M, Artime E, González Fernández A, Fernández-Vega C, Nicieza J, Vega JA, González-Iglesias H. Association study of high-frequency variants of MTHFR gene with retinal vein occlusion in a Spanish population. Ophthalmic Genet 2019; 40:342-349. [DOI: 10.1080/13816810.2019.1655772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Fernández-Vega
- Departamento de Genética Ocular, Instituto Oftalmológico Fernández-Vega, Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto Universitario Fernández-Vega (Fundación de Investigación Oftalmológica, Universidad de Oviedo), Oviedo, Spain
- Departamento de Morfología y Biología Celular, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Lydia Álvarez
- Instituto Universitario Fernández-Vega (Fundación de Investigación Oftalmológica, Universidad de Oviedo), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Montserrat García
- Departamento de Genética Ocular, Instituto Oftalmológico Fernández-Vega, Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto Universitario Fernández-Vega (Fundación de Investigación Oftalmológica, Universidad de Oviedo), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Enol Artime
- Instituto Universitario Fernández-Vega (Fundación de Investigación Oftalmológica, Universidad de Oviedo), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Adrián González Fernández
- Instituto Universitario Fernández-Vega (Fundación de Investigación Oftalmológica, Universidad de Oviedo), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Carlos Fernández-Vega
- Instituto Universitario Fernández-Vega (Fundación de Investigación Oftalmológica, Universidad de Oviedo), Oviedo, Spain
| | | | - José A. Vega
- Departamento de Morfología y Biología Celular, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Héctor González-Iglesias
- Departamento de Genética Ocular, Instituto Oftalmológico Fernández-Vega, Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto Universitario Fernández-Vega (Fundación de Investigación Oftalmológica, Universidad de Oviedo), Oviedo, Spain
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Qureshi SS, Gupta JK, Goyal A, Narayan Yadav H. A novel approach in the management of hyperhomocysteinemia. Med Hypotheses 2019; 129:109245. [PMID: 31371071 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2019.109245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Hyperhomocysteinemia (Hhcy) is a biochemical alteration with plasma levels of homocysteine higher than 15 µmol/L, associated with atherosclerosis, and with vascular thrombosis by disrupting endothelial cells. Homocysteine is a sulfur-containing amino acid derived from methionine which is an essential amino acid. Excess homocysteine produced in the body is expelled out by liver and kidney from the systemic circulation. Hhcy is caused by the excess deficiencies of the vitamins like pyridoxine (B6), folic acid (B9), or cyanocobalamin (B12). High protein consumers are usually at risk for hyperhomocysteinemia because of low plasma B12 levels. It is approximated that mild Hhcy occurs in 5-7% of the general population and 40% in patients with vascular disease. Patients with heart failure, impaired renal function, and diabetes should be screened since the prevalence of Hhcy in these patients appears to be quite high. In this article, we hypothesise that citicoline is a novel drug for the management of Hhcy. Furthermore, the side effects of citicoline are also minimal and self-limiting. If this strategy is validated, citicoline will be the cost-effective way to be administered for Hhcy. Many evidences are available which suggest that ignoring homocysteine levels in patients with the vascular disease would be unwise. Thus, there is an urgent need for health care providers to develop effective preventions and interventions program (folic acid, Vitamin B6 and Vitamin B12 supplementation as well as lifestyle change) to reduce this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaiba Sana Qureshi
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura 281406, UP, India
| | - Jeetendra Kumar Gupta
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura 281406, UP, India.
| | - Ahsas Goyal
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura 281406, UP, India
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7
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Huraib GB, Harthi FA, Arfin M, Khlaiwi AA, Rizvi S, Al-Asmari A. Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase C677T Gene Polymorphism as Risk Factor for Psoriasis in Saudis. Biomark Insights 2019; 14:1177271919830973. [PMID: 30828245 PMCID: PMC6390219 DOI: 10.1177/1177271919830973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) has been linked with
the etiopathogenesis of psoriasis with inconsistent results.
Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase C677T polymorphism was
evaluated in 106 Saudi psoriasis vulgaris patients and 280 matched healthy
controls using PCR-RFLP (restriction fragment length plymorphism) technique. The
cardiovascular risk factors were also compared in cases and controls. Allele T
and genotypes CT and TT were found to be increased while allele C and genotype
CC significantly decreased in psoriasis patients as compared with controls
(P < .001). These results showed that the T-allele and
T-containing genotypes (TT, CT) of MTHFR C677T are
significantly linked with psoriasis susceptibility while C-allele and CC
genotype are protective for it. Body mass index, fasting glucose, total
cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, triglycerides, and C-reactive protein,
known markers for cardiovascular diseases, were found to be significantly
elevated in the patient group as compared with the controls. It is concluded
that the MTHFR C677T polymorphism increases psoriasis risk in
Saudi patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fahad Al Harthi
- Department of Dermatology, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Misbahul Arfin
- Scientific Research Center, Medical Services Department of Armed Forces, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad Al Khlaiwi
- Medical Services Department of Armed Forces, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sadaf Rizvi
- Scientific Research Center, Medical Services Department of Armed Forces, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman Al-Asmari
- Scientific Research Center, Medical Services Department of Armed Forces, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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8
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Giannelou M, Nezos A, Fragkioudaki S, Kasara D, Maselou K, Drakoulis N, Ioakeimidis D, Moutsopoulos HM, Mavragani CP. Contribution of MTHFR gene variants in lupus related subclinical atherosclerosis. Clin Immunol 2018; 193:110-117. [PMID: 29501539 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2018.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Elevated concentrations of homocysteine have been previously identified as an independent risk factor for subclinical atherosclerosis in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Given that heightened homocysteine levels are known to be strongly influenced by genetic factors, in the current study we investigated the contribution of high homocysteine levels as well as of functional polymorphisms of the gene encoding for the enzyme 5, 10- methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) to atherosclerotic disease characterizing SLE patients. METHODS Peripheral DNA samples from 150 SLE patients, 214 rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients and 561 age/sex matched apparently healthy volunteers (HC) were genotyped by PCR-based assays for the detection of the MTHFR gene polymorphisms (c. 677C > T and c. 1298A > C). All SLE patients and 30 age sex matched RA patients underwent assessment for subclinical atherosclerosis [ultrasound measurement of intima-media thickness scores (IMT) and detection of carotid and/or femoral (C/F) plaque] and complete clinical and laboratory evaluation including serum homocysteine levels. Data were analyzed using univariate and multivariate models (SPSS 21.0). RESULTS Hyperhomocysteinemia was detected in 26.0% of SLE patients compared to 6.7% of age/sex matched RA controls (p = 0.02). Higher serum B12 levels and decreased frequency of the MTHFR 677TT variant in RA patients could potentially account for the observed differences between the groups. In SLE patients, both hyperhomocysteinemia and MTHFR 677TT genotype were identified as independent contributors for plaque formation, following adjustment for traditional cardiovascular risk factors and disease related features, including age, sex, BMI, cholesterol and triglyceride levels, presence of arterial hypertension, smoking (pack/years), disease duration and total steroid dose [OR 95% (CI): 5.8 (1.0-35.8) and 5.2 (1.1-24.0), respectively]. MTHFR 677TT genotype, but not hyperhomocysteinemia was also found to confer increased risk for arterial wall thickening, after the above confounders were taken into account [OR (95%) CI: 4.9 (1.2-20.6)]. CONCLUSIONS Hyperhomocysteinemia and MTHFR 677TT genetic variant emerged as independent risk factors for subclinical atherosclerosis in SLE patients, implying genetic influences as potential contributors to the increased burden of atherosclerotic disease characterizing SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maira Giannelou
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece; Department of Rheumatology, General Hospital of Athens "G.Gennimatas", Greece.
| | - Andrianos Nezos
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece.
| | - Sofia Fragkioudaki
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece.
| | - Dimitra Kasara
- Department of Rheumatology, General Hospital of Athens "G.Gennimatas", Greece
| | - Kyriaki Maselou
- Department of Immunology, General Hospital of Athens, "G.Gennimatas", Greece
| | - Nikolaos Drakoulis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
| | | | - Haralampos M Moutsopoulos
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece.
| | - Clio P Mavragani
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece; Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece; Joint Academic Rheumatology Program, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens, Greece.
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10
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Guilliams TG. MTHFR, Homocysteine and Nutrient Needs. Integr Med (Encinitas) 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-35868-2.00038-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Yadav U, Kumar P, Gupta S, Rai V. Distribution of MTHFR C677T Gene Polymorphism in Healthy North Indian Population and an Updated Meta-analysis. Indian J Clin Biochem 2017; 32:399-410. [PMID: 29062171 PMCID: PMC5634971 DOI: 10.1007/s12291-016-0619-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) is a key enzyme of folate pathway. Several polymorphisms were reported in MTHFR gene but C677T polymorphism is most studied and it has been reported to be risk factor for several diseases/disorders. The present study was designed to explore the frequency of MTHFR C677T polymorphism in North Indian healthy population. In addition to this a meta-analysis of published articles was also performed to estimate the global prevalence of MTHFR C677T polymorphism. A total of 1000 unrelated healthy subjects were selected for MTHFR C677T polymorphism analysis. Different databases were searched for eligible articles. Prevalence proportion with 95 % CI was used to determine global prevalence of T allele and TT genotype. Meta-analysis was performed by Open meta-analyst. In 1000 blood samples analyzed, the frequency of T allele and TT genotype was 11 and 1 % respectively. Results of the meta-analysis showed that the global prevalence of T allele and TT genotype were 24.0 % (95 % CI 21.7-26.5) and 7.7 % (95 % CI 6.5-8.9) respectively. In sub-group meta-analysis, the lowest frequency of T allele was found in Africans (10.3 %; 95 % CI 3.8-16.8), and highest in Europeans (34.1 %; 95 % CI 31.9-36.3). The frequency of T allele in the North India is 11 %. The results of the meta-analysis showed that the frequency of the T allele and the TT genotype of C677T is highest in the Caucasian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Upendra Yadav
- Human Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, VBS Purvanchal University, Jaunpur, UP 222 003 India
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- Human Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, VBS Purvanchal University, Jaunpur, UP 222 003 India
| | - Sanjay Gupta
- Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Vandana Rai
- Human Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, VBS Purvanchal University, Jaunpur, UP 222 003 India
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Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (MTHFR) (C677T and A1298C) Polymorphisms and Vascular Complications in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. Can J Diabetes 2017; 41:366-371. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcjd.2016.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2015] [Revised: 08/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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13
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Zhi X, Yang B, Fan S, Li Y, He M, Wang D, Wang Y, Wei J, Zheng Q, Sun G. Additive Interaction of MTHFR C677T and MTRR A66G Polymorphisms with Being Overweight/Obesity on the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2016; 13:E1243. [PMID: 27983710 PMCID: PMC5201384 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph13121243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2016] [Revised: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Although both methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T and methionine synthase reductase (MTRR) A66G polymorphisms have been associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D), their interactions with being overweight/obesity on T2D risk remain unclear. To evaluate the associations of the two polymorphisms with T2D and their interactions with being overweight/obesity on T2D risk, a case-control study of 180 T2D patients and 350 healthy controls was conducted in northern China. Additive interaction was estimated using relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI), attributable proportion due to interaction (AP) and synergy index (S). After adjustments for age and gender, borderline significant associations of the MTHFR C677T and MTRR A66G polymorphisms with T2D were observed under recessive (OR = 1.43, 95% CI: 0.98-2.10) and dominant (OR = 1.43, 95% CI: 1.00-2.06) models, respectively. There was a significant interaction between the MTHFR 677TT genotype and being overweight/obesity on T2D risk (AP = 0.404, 95% CI: 0.047-0.761), in addition to the MTRR 66AG/GG genotypes (RERI = 1.703, 95% CI: 0.401-3.004; AP = 0.528, 95% CI: 0.223-0.834). Our findings suggest that individuals with the MTHFR 677TT or MTRR 66AG/GG genotypes are more susceptible to the detrimental effect of being overweight/obesity on T2D. Further large-scale studies are still needed to confirm our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyuan Zhi
- Research Center of Environment and Non-Communicable Disease, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China.
| | - Boyi Yang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Shujun Fan
- Research Center of Environment and Non-Communicable Disease, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China.
| | - Yongfang Li
- Research Center of Environment and Non-Communicable Disease, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China.
| | - Miao He
- Research Center of Environment and Non-Communicable Disease, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China.
| | - Da Wang
- Research Center of Environment and Non-Communicable Disease, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China.
| | - Yanxun Wang
- Division of Molecular Preventive Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Targeted Therapy and Molecular Medicine, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Jian Wei
- Brain Disease Center, Tianjin Dagang Oil Field General Hospital, Tianjin 300280, China.
| | - Quanmei Zheng
- Research Center of Environment and Non-Communicable Disease, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China.
| | - Guifan Sun
- Research Center of Environment and Non-Communicable Disease, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China.
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Troesch B, Weber P, Mohajeri MH. Potential Links between Impaired One-Carbon Metabolism Due to Polymorphisms, Inadequate B-Vitamin Status, and the Development of Alzheimer's Disease. Nutrients 2016; 8:E803. [PMID: 27973419 PMCID: PMC5188458 DOI: 10.3390/nu8120803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Revised: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the major cause of dementia and no preventive or effective treatment has been established to date. The etiology of AD is poorly understood, but genetic and environmental factors seem to play a role in its onset and progression. In particular, factors affecting the one-carbon metabolism (OCM) are thought to be important and elevated homocysteine (Hcy) levels, indicating impaired OCM, have been associated with AD. We aimed at evaluating the role of polymorphisms of key OCM enzymes in the etiology of AD, particularly when intakes of relevant B-vitamins are inadequate. Our review indicates that a range of compensatory mechanisms exist to maintain a metabolic balance. However, these become overwhelmed if the activity of more than one enzyme is reduced due to genetic factors or insufficient folate, riboflavin, vitamin B6 and/or vitamin B12 levels. Consequences include increased Hcy levels and reduced capacity to synthetize, methylate and repair DNA, and/or modulated neurotransmission. This seems to favor the development of hallmarks of AD particularly when combined with increased oxidative stress e.g., in apolipoprotein E (ApoE) ε4 carriers. However, as these effects can be compensated at least partially by adequate intakes of B-vitamins, achieving optimal B-vitamin status for the general population should be a public health priority.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Troesch
- DSM Nutritional Products Ltd., Wurmisweg 576, Kaiseraugst 4303, Switzerland.
| | - Peter Weber
- DSM Nutritional Products Ltd., Wurmisweg 576, Kaiseraugst 4303, Switzerland.
| | - M Hasan Mohajeri
- DSM Nutritional Products Ltd., Wurmisweg 576, Kaiseraugst 4303, Switzerland.
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Powers RW, Minish LA, Lykins DL, Ness RB, Crombleholme WR, Roberts JM. Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase Polymorphism, Folate, and Susceptibility to Preeclampsia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/107155769900600205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - James M. Roberts
- Magee-Women's Research Institute and Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, and Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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Abstract
The hypercoagulable states consist of a group of prothrombotic clinical disorders associated with an increased risk for thromboembolic events. The abnormalities lead to inappropriate thrombus formation. After a review of the coagulation process, inherited disorders (including antithrombin-III deficiency, protein CS system deficiencies, disorders of plasmin generation, dysfibrinogenemias, and homocysteinuria) and acquired disorders (including responses to surgery, cancer, drugs, and the antiphospholipid syndrome) are described. Screening and management methods are discussed. Copyright © 1997 by W. B. Saunders Company.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Robbins
- Department of Anaesthesia, University College London and Royal Free School of Anaesthesia, London, UK
| | - Mark Forrest
- Department of Anaesthesia, Charing Cross Hospital and Hammersmith School of Anaesthesia, London, UK
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Desai A, Sequeira JM, Quadros EV. The metabolic basis for developmental disorders due to defective folate transport. Biochimie 2016; 126:31-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2016.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Plasma Homocysteine, Serum Folic Acid, Serum Vitamin B12, Serum Vitamin B6, MTHFR, and Risk of Normal-Tension Glaucoma. J Glaucoma 2016; 25:e94-8. [PMID: 26171850 DOI: 10.1097/ijg.0000000000000269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This meta-analysis aims to comprehensively evaluate the association between total homocysteine (tHcy) levels, serum folic acid, vitamin B12, vitamin B6 levels, methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T genotype, and risk of normal-tension glaucoma (NTG). MATERIALS AND METHODS A systematic search of the EMBASE and PubMed databases was performed to evaluate plasma tHcy levels, serum folic acid, B vitamins' mean difference, and odds ratios of MTHFR C677T genotype between cases and controls. RESULTS A total of 7 studies including 458 cases and 555 controls meeting the inclusion criteria were involved in this meta-analysis. There were 4 studies for tHcy (149 cases and 148 controls), 2 studies for vitamin B6, vitamin B12, and folate (90 cases and 82 controls), and 4 studies for MTHFR (343 cases and 449 controls). Overall, the mean plasma tHcy levels, serum folic acids, vitamin B12, and vitamin B6 levels were 1.16 μmol/L [95% confidence interval (CI), -0.13, 2.45], -0.62 μmol/L (95% CI, -1.98, 0.74), 5.81 μmol/L (95% CI, -3.53, 15.14), and -16.79 μmol/L (95% CI, -86.09, 52.51). MTHFR TT genotype was found to be unrelated to NTG risk (odds ratio=1.08; 95% CI, 0.69, 1.69). CONCLUSION NTG is not associated with elevated plasma tHcy, serum folic acid, serum vitamin B12, serum vitamin B6, and MTHFR C677T genotype.
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Carlus SJ, Sarkar S, Bansal SK, Singh V, Singh K, Jha RK, Sadasivam N, Sadasivam SR, Gireesha PS, Thangaraj K, Rajender S. Is MTHFR 677 C>T Polymorphism Clinically Important in Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS)? A Case-Control Study, Meta-Analysis and Trial Sequential Analysis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0151510. [PMID: 26983014 PMCID: PMC4794143 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Optimum efficiency of the folate pathway is considered essential for adequate ovarian function. 677 C>T substitution in the 5, 10-methylene tertrahydrofolatereductase (MTHFR) gene compromises activity of the MTHFR enzyme by about 50%. The significance of correlation between 677C>T substitution and PCOS remains dubious due to the low power of published studies. METHODS AND RESULTS We analyzed MTHFR 677 C>T site in ethnically two different PCOS case-control groups (total 261 cases and 256 controls) from India. The data analysis revealed a lack of association between this polymorphism and PCOS [OR = 1.11 (95%CI = 0.71-1.72), P = 0.66]. Group-wise analysis on the basis of ethnicity also revealed no association in any of the ethnic groups [Indo-Europeans, P = 1; Dravidians, P = 0.70]. Homocysteine levels did not differ significantly between cases (15.51 μmol/L, SD = 2.89) and controls (15.89 μmol/L, SD = 2.23). We also undertook a meta-analysis on 960 cases and 1028 controls, which suggested a significant association of the substitution with PCOS in the dominant model of analysis (OR = 1.47 (95%CI = 1.04-2.09), P = 0.032]. Trial sequential analysis corroborated findings of the traditional meta-analysis. However, we found that the conclusions of meta-analysis were strongly influenced by studies that deviated from the Hardy Weinberg equilibrium. A careful investigation of each study and a trial sequential analysis suggested that 677 C>T substitution holds no clinical significance in PCOS in most of the populations. CONCLUSION In conclusion, MTHFR 677 C>T polymorphism does not affect PCOS risk in India. The association seen in the meta-analysis is due to an outlier study and studies showing deviation from the Hardy Weinberg equilibrium.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Justin Carlus
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, India
- Centre for Genetics and Inherited Diseases (CGID), Taibah University, Al- Madinah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Saumya Sarkar
- Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | | | | | | | - Rajesh Kumar Jha
- Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | | | | | | | | | - Singh Rajender
- Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
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Kalaria C, Kittner S. The Therapeutic Value of Laboratory Testing for Hypercoagulable States in Secondary Stroke Prevention. Neurol Clin 2015; 33:501-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ncl.2015.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Prevalence of hyperhomocysteinaemia and some of its major determinants in Shaanxi Province, China: a cross-sectional study. Br J Nutr 2015; 113:691-8. [DOI: 10.1017/s0007114514004218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the prevalence of hyperhomocysteinaemia (HHCY; total plasma homocysteine (tHcy) concentration >15 μmol/l) and its major determinants in healthy Chinese northerners. A descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted in Shaanxi Province, China. The study sample included 2645 participants (1042 men and 1603 women) aged >20 years. Demographic characteristics and lifestyle factors were assessed via questionnaire interviews and physical examination. Plasma levels of homocysteine and folate and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene polymorphism were determined according to standard methods. The prevalence of HHCY was 67·7 % (81·4 % in men and 58·8 % in women). The geometric mean of tHcy concentration was 19·1 μmol/l. The OR of HHCY were 0·44 (95 % CI 0·34, 0·57) for women v. men; 1·95 (95 % CI 1·41, 2·70), 1·41 (95 % CI 1·05, 1·88) and 0·76 (95 % CI 0·64, 0·89) for participants with smoking and alcohol drinking cessation and improved physical activity levels, respectively; 0·25 (95 % CI 0·17, 0·38), 0·33 (95 % CI 0·22, 0·49) and 0·56 (95 % CI 0·36, 0·88) for participants with an education level of elementary school, secondary school and university v. illiterate, respectively; 1·41 (95 % CI 1·13, 1·75) and 3·05 (95 % CI 2·35, 3·97) for participants with CT and TT v. CC genotype at MTHFR 677C → T polymorphism, respectively. These results demonstrate that the prevalence of HHCY is considerably high in Chinese northerners, especially in TT subjects, suggesting that implementation of tHcy-lowering strategies, such as lifestyle changes, is necessary.
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Li D, Zhou M, Peng X, Sun H. Homocysteine, methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase C677T polymorphism, and risk of retinal vein occlusion: an updated meta-analysis. BMC Ophthalmol 2014; 14:147. [PMID: 25428529 PMCID: PMC4255450 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2415-14-147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 11/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background To evaluate the role of plasma total homocysteine (tHcy) and homozygosity for the thermolabile variant of the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T genotype in the risk of retinal vein occlusion (RVO). Methods Relevant studies were selected through an extensive search of PubMed, EMBASE, and the Web of Science databases. Summary weighted mean differences (WMDs) or odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated with a random-effects model. Results Forty-two studies with 6445 participants were included in this updated systematic review and meta-analysis. The mean plasma tHcy level in the RVO patients was significantly higher than in the controls (WMD =2.13 μmol/L; 95% CI: 1.29 to 2.98, P < 0.001), but there was evidence of between-study heterogeneity (P < 0.001). No significant association between MTHFR C677T genotype and RVO was found under all genetic models. Conclusion There was some evidence that plasma tHcy is associated with an increased risk of RVO. There was no evidence to suggest an association between homozygosity for the MTHFR C677T genotype and RVO.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Xiaoyan Peng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Science Key Lab, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, 17 Hougou Lane, Chongnei Street, Beijing 100005, China.
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Thaler CJ. Folate Metabolism and Human Reproduction. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 2014; 74:845-851. [PMID: 25278626 DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1383058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Revised: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Folate metabolism affects ovarian function, implantation, embryogenesis and the entire process of pregnancy. In addition to its well-established effect on the incidence of neural tube defects, associations have been found between reduced folic acid levels and increased homocysteine concentrations on the one hand, and recurrent spontaneous abortions and other complications of pregnancy on the other. In infertility patients undergoing IVF/ICSI treatment, a clear correlation was found between plasma folate concentrations and the incidence of dichorionic twin pregnancies. In patients supplemented with 0.4 mg/d folic acid undergoing ovarian hyperstimulation and oocyte pick-up, carriers of the MTHFR 677T mutation were found to have lower serum estradiol concentrations at ovulation and fewer oocytes could be retrieved from them. It appears that these negative effects can be compensated for in full by increasing the daily dose of folic acid to at least 0.8 mg. In carriers of the MTHFR 677TT genotype who receive appropriate supplementation, AMH concentrations were found to be significantly increased, which could indicate a compensatory mechanism. AMH concentrations in homozygous carriers of the MTHFR 677TT genotype could even be overestimated, as almost 20 % fewer oocytes are retrieved from these patients per AMH unit compared to MTHFR 677CC wild-type individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Thaler
- Department and Outpatient Clinic for Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Hospital of the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Großhadern Campus, Hormone & Fertility Centre Großhadern, Munich ; Department and Outpatient Clinic for Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Hospital of the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, City Centre Campus, Hormone & Fertility Centre City Centre, Munich
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The one-carbon-cycle and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T polymorphism in recurrent major depressive disorder; influence of antidepressant use and depressive state? J Affect Disord 2014; 166:115-23. [PMID: 25012419 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2014.04.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2014] [Revised: 04/22/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An important biological factor suggested in the pathophysiology of (recurrent) Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) concerns a polymorphism in a gene encoding for the MTHFR-enzyme of the one-carbon (1-C)-metabolism. Integratively investigating key 1-C-components (folate, homocysteine, vitamin B6 and B12), including the possible effects of antidepressant medication and depressive state, could provide more insight in the possible association between the MTHFR-polymorphism and recurrent MDD. METHODS We compared the MTHFR C677T-polymorphism together with the key 1-C-components in clinically ascertained patients with recurrent MDD (n=137) to age- and gender-matched healthy controls (n=73). RESULTS First, patients had lower folate (t=2.25; p=.025) as compared to controls; a difference that resolved after correction for demographics (t=1.22; p=.223). Second, patients that were depressed during sampling had lower vitamin B6 (t=-2.070; p=.038) and higher homocysteine (t=2.404; p=.016) compared to those in remission. Finally, current use of antidepressants had no influence on the 1-C-components. CONCLUSIONS Despite investigation of a specific recurrently depressed patient population, we found no clear associations with the 1-C-cycle, except for higher homocysteine and lower vitamin B6 during the depressed state. This suggests that 1-C-cycle alterations in MDD are state-associated, possibly resulting from high levels of acute (psychological) stress, and may provide a treatment target to reduce cardiovascular risk in this population.
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Khan S, Thakur S, Kallur SN, Ghosh PK, Sachdeva MP, Vadlamudi RR. Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T polymorphism among Gaddi tribe of Indian state of Himachal Pradesh. Ann Hum Biol 2014; 41:579-81. [PMID: 24932671 DOI: 10.3109/03014460.2014.920917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T polymorphism has been suggested to be positively associated with several disorders. Distribution of the mutant T-allele varies in ethnic and geographical populations of the world. AIM The aim of the present study was to investigate the distribution of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T polymorphism in a transhumant (Gaddi) tribal population of Himachal Pradesh dwelling at high and middle altitude and exposed to strong ultraviolet radiation. METHOD AND RESULTS A total of 486 samples (141 males and 345 females) were randomly enrolled from the individuals aged 25-75 years who were unrelated up to first cousin. Among Gaddis, genotype frequencies of CC, CT and TT were 67.90%, 27.78% and 4.32%, respectively. Among males and females distribution of genotype frequencies also followed a similar trend. The studied population was in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (χ(2 )= 2.213, df = 1, p = 0.136). Frequency of mutant T-allele in the Gaddi population was found to be 0.183, which might be due to European ancestry, endogamous nature and selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simi Khan
- Anthropology, Delhi University , Delhi , India
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Summers CM, Hammons AL, Arora J, Zhang S, Jochems J, Blair IA, Whitehead AS. Methotrexate modulates folate phenotype and inflammatory profile in EA.hy 926 cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2014; 732:60-7. [PMID: 24657277 PMCID: PMC4402228 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Revised: 02/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
EA.hy 926 cells grown under low folate conditions adopt a "pro-atherosclerotic" morphology and biochemical phenotype. Pharmacologically relevant doses of the antifolate drug methotrexate (MTX) were applied to EA.hy 926 cells maintained in normal (Hi) and low (Lo) folate culture media. Under both folate conditions, MTX caused inhibition of cell proliferation without significantly compromising metabolic activity. MTX treated Hi cells were depleted of folate derivatives, which were present in altered proportions relative to untreated cells. Transcript profiling using microarrays indicated that MTX treatment modified the transciptome in similar ways for both Hi and Lo cells. Many inflammation-related genes, most prominently those encoding C3 and IL-8, were up-regulated, whereas many genes involved in cell division were down-regulated. The results for C3 and IL-8 were confirmed by quantitative RT-PCR and ELISA. MTX appears to modify the inflammatory potential of EA.hy 926 cells such that its therapeutic properties may, at least under some conditions, be accompanied by the induction of a subset of gene products that promote and/or maintain comorbid pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn M Summers
- Centers for Cancer Pharmacology, Pharmacogenetics, and Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, Department of Pharmacology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Andrea L Hammons
- Centers for Cancer Pharmacology, Pharmacogenetics, and Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, Department of Pharmacology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Jasbir Arora
- Centers for Cancer Pharmacology, Pharmacogenetics, and Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, Department of Pharmacology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Suhong Zhang
- Centers for Cancer Pharmacology, Pharmacogenetics, and Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, Department of Pharmacology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Jeanine Jochems
- Centers for Cancer Pharmacology, Pharmacogenetics, and Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, Department of Pharmacology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Ian A Blair
- Centers for Cancer Pharmacology, Pharmacogenetics, and Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, Department of Pharmacology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Alexander S Whitehead
- Centers for Cancer Pharmacology, Pharmacogenetics, and Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, Department of Pharmacology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States.
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Orimadegun BE, Orimadegun AE, Ademola AD, Agbedana EO. Plasma homocysteine and B vitamins levels in Nigerian children with nephrotic syndrome. Pan Afr Med J 2014; 18:107. [PMID: 25404967 PMCID: PMC4232175 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2014.18.107.3678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Accepted: 05/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Available data on plasma homocysteine level in patients with nephrotic syndrome (NS) are controversial with increased, decreased and unchanged values reported. Therefore, plasma homocysteine and serum B vitamins in Nigerian children with NS were assessed in this study. METHODS Fasting blood samples were analysed for plasma homocysteine, serum folate and B vitamins in 42 children with NS and 42 age and sex-matched healthy controls in this case control study. Data were compared between NS and control using t test and Chi square. Relationships were tested with regression analysis with p set at 0.05. RESULTS Prevalence of hyperhomocysteinaemia, low folate and cyanocobalamin in NS was 57.1%, 14.3% and 9.5% respectively. The mean homocysteine level was significantly higher in NS than control (11.3±2.6 µmol/L versus 5.5±2.3 µmol/L). Also, NS had lower folate and cyanocobalamin than control: 9.1±3.9 ng/mL versus 11.2±3.1 ng/dL and 268.5±95.7 pg/mL versus 316±117.2 pg/mL respectively. Weak but significant correlation between homocysteine and serum albumin (r = 0.347), folate (r = -0.607) and vitamin B12 (r = -0.185) were found in the NS group. Significant relationship was also found between homocysteine and vitamin B12 (ß = -0.64, 95% CI = -1.20, -0.08) after controlling for folate and vitamin B6 levels. CONCLUSION Clinically important hyperhomocysteinaemia and low B vitamins occur in Nigerian children with nephrotic syndrome. This data suggest that potential usefulness of folate and vitamin B supplementation for reducing high homocysteine levels in nephrotic syndrome need to be further investigated.
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Amin H, Greer DM. Cryptogenic Stroke—The Appropriate Diagnostic Evaluation. CURRENT TREATMENT OPTIONS IN CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICINE 2013; 16:280. [DOI: 10.1007/s11936-013-0280-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Cohen DA, Shirts BH, Jackson BR, Parker LS. Laboratory informatics based evaluation of methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase C677T genetic test overutilization. J Pathol Inform 2013; 4:33. [PMID: 24392247 PMCID: PMC3869957 DOI: 10.4103/2153-3539.122389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2013] [Accepted: 09/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Laboratory data can provide a wide range of information to estimate adherence to guidelines and proper utilization of genetic testing. The methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T variant has been demonstrated to have negligible utility in patient management. However, the testing of this variant remains pervasive. The purpose of this study was to develop methods to analyze concordance of clinician ordering practices with national guidelines. Methods: We used laboratory data to extract specific data elements including patient demographics, timestamps, physician ordering logs and temporal relationship to chemistry requests to examine 245 consecutive MTHFR tests ordered in 2011 at an academic tertiary center. A comprehensive chart review was used to identify indications for testing. These results were correlated with a retrospective analysis of 4,226 tests drawn at a range of hospitals requesting testing from a national reference laboratory over a 2-year period. MTHFR ordering practices drawn from 17 institutions were examined longitudinally from 2002 to 2011. Results: Indications for testing included cerebrovascular events (40.0%) and venous thrombosis (39.1%). Family history prompted testing in eight cases. Based on acceptable hypercoagulability guidelines recommending MTHFR C677T testing only in the presence of elevated serum homocysteine, 10.6% (22/207) of adult patients met an indicated threshold at an academic tertiary center. Among 77 institutions, 14.5% (613/4226) of MTHFR testing met recommendations. Conclusion: We demonstrate an effective method to examine discreet elements of a molecular diagnostics laboratory information system at a tertiary care institution and to correlate these findings at a national level. Retrospective examination of clinicians’ request of MTHFR C677T genetic testing strongly suggests that clinicians have failed to adjust their ordering practices in light of evolving scientific and professional organization recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Cohen
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Brian H Shirts
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Brian R Jackson
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA ; ARUP Institute for Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Lisa S Parker
- Department of Human Genetics, Pittsburgh, PA, USA ; Center for Bioethics and Health Law and University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Association between polymorphism of MTHFR c.677C>T and risk of cardiovascular disease in Turkish population: a meta-analysis for 2.780 cases and 3.022 controls. Mol Biol Rep 2013; 41:397-409. [PMID: 24264431 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-013-2873-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2012] [Accepted: 11/14/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain the main cause of morbidity and mortality around the world. A common polymorphism c.677C>T has been identified in the gene coding for methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR), which is involved in the remethylation of homocysteine, and may predispose to CVDs. A meta-analysis was performed to estimate the risk of CVDs associated with MTHFR c.677C>T in Turkish population. Published studies were retrieved from PubMed, Science Citation Index/Expanded, Google Scholar, Turkish Medline, and the Turkish Council of Higher Education Theses Database. For each study, we calculated odds ratios and 95 % confidence intervals (CI), assuming frequency of allele and homozygote comparison, dominant and recessive genetic models. Thirty-one separate studies were included and 2.780 cases/3.022 controls were involved in the current meta-analysis. Significant association was found between c.677C>T polymorphism and risk of CVD when all studies pooled with random-effects model for T versus C (OR 1.33; 95 % CI 1.11-1.59; p = 0.002), TT vs. CC (OR 1.87; 95 % CI 1.35-2.60; p = 3.53E-04), TT+CT vs. CC (OR 1.32; 95 % CI 1.06-1.64; p = 0.014) and TT vs. CT+CC (OR 1.75; 95 % CI 1.29-2.37; p = 6.57E-04). Further analysis indicated the significant association between methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) TT genotype and groups with venous thrombosis, peripheral arterial thrombosis, acute MI/MI. No publication bias was observed in any comparison model. Our results of meta-analysis suggest that MTHFR c.677C>T polymorphism is associated with the CVDs in Turkish population.
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Anjos T, Altmäe S, Emmett P, Tiemeier H, Closa-Monasterolo R, Luque V, Wiseman S, Pérez-García M, Lattka E, Demmelmair H, Egan B, Straub N, Szajewska H, Evans J, Horton C, Paus T, Isaacs E, van Klinken JW, Koletzko B, Campoy C. Nutrition and neurodevelopment in children: focus on NUTRIMENTHE project. Eur J Nutr 2013; 52:1825-42. [PMID: 23884402 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-013-0560-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2013] [Accepted: 07/11/2013] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
There is growing evidence that early nutrition affects later cognitive performance. The idea that the diet of mothers, infants, and children could affect later mental performance has major implications for public health practice and policy development and for our understanding of human biology as well as for food product development, economic progress, and future wealth creation. To date, however, much of the evidence is from animal, retrospective studies and short-term nutritional intervention studies in humans. The positive effect of micronutrients on health, especially of pregnant women eating well to maximise their child's cognitive and behavioural outcomes, is commonly acknowledged. The current evidence of an association between gestational nutrition and brain development in healthy children is more credible for folate, n-3 fatty acids, and iron. Recent findings highlight the fact that single-nutrient supplementation is less adequate than supplementation with more complex formulae. However, the optimal content of micronutrient supplementation and whether there is a long-term impact on child's neurodevelopment needs to be investigated further. Moreover, it is also evident that future studies should take into account genetic heterogeneity when evaluating nutritional effects and also nutritional recommendations. The objective of the present review is to provide a background and update on the current knowledge linking nutrition to cognition and behaviour in children, and to show how the large collaborative European Project NUTRIMENTHE is working towards this aim.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Anjos
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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Wang H, Fan D, Zhang H, Fu Y, Zhang J, Shen Y. Serum level of homocysteine is correlated to carotid artery atherosclerosis in Chinese with ischemic stroke. Neurol Res 2013; 28:25-30. [PMID: 16464359 DOI: 10.1179/016164106x91834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the relationship between serum level of homocysteine (Hcy) and carotid artery atheroscleosis (CAA). METHODS Both sides of the common carotid artery and internal carotid artery in 126 Chinese patients with ischemic stroke were measured by B-mode ultrasound. The patients were divided into groups: normal, A, B, C and D according to the severity of CAAs. With fasting serum, Hcy as well as folate, vitamin B(12) and lipids were detected. The mean +/- SD age was 64 +/- 13 years (range 39-87 years). RESULTS In a logistic regression model, the Hcy concentrations were associated with an elevated risk of CAAs independent of all traditional risk factors, and when CAAs became severer, the serum Hcy was higher. The levels of the normal group and A, B, C, D groups were 13.22 +/- 6.15 micromol/L, 16.29 +/- 9.81 micromol/l, 19.49 +/- 11.16 micromol/l, 27.21 +/- 17.47 micromol/l, and 24.14 +/- 8.64 micromol/l, respectively. Rank test showed a significant difference between normal and other groups (p<0.05). The levels of folate and vitamin B(12) were negatively correlated with the Hcy concentrations. Spearman correlation coefficient were -0.23 and -0.42 (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Hyperhomocysteinaemia is an independent risk factor of CAAs and the degree of CAAs is highly correlated with the level of Hcy in serum. The causes of hyperhomocysteinemia may be the result from the decrease in folate and vitamin B(12). Clinical trials are now required to evaluate the effect of treatment with these vitamins on the primary and secondary prevention of cerebral vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongli Wang
- Department of Neurology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100083, China
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Determination of Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (MTHFR) gene polymorphism in Turkish patients with nonsyndromic cleft lip and palate. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2013; 77:1143-6. [PMID: 23725631 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2013.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2013] [Revised: 04/09/2013] [Accepted: 04/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the association between MTHFR C677T polymorphism and Turkish patients with nonsyndromic cleft lip and/or palate (nsCL/P) and to determine the prevalence of the Turkish population. PATIENTS AND METHODS Molecular analysis of gene polymorphisms were carried out using polymerase chain reactions and restriction enzyme digestions. In our study, 80 patients with nsCL/P and 125 unrelated individuals from Turkey were studied. RESULTS We found that MTHFR C677T polymorphism is a significant risk factor for nsCL/P in Turkey (p=0.0004). These results support the impact of MTHFR C677T polymorphism and importance of folic acid intake in the etiology of nsCL/P. CONCLUSIONS MTHFR gene which is localized in the relevant region of chromosome 1p36.3 not been studied Turkish patients with nsCL/P and the prevalence of our country not to be determined. We revealed statistically association between the MTHFR C677T gene polymorphism and nonsyndromic cleft lip and/or palate in the Turkish population.
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Abstract
MTHFR polymorphism testing is frequently ordered by physicians as part of the clinical evaluation for thrombophilia. It was previously hypothesized that reduced enzyme activity of MTHFR led to mild hyperhomocysteinemia which led to an increased risk for venous thromboembolism, coronary heart disease, and recurrent pregnancy loss. Recent meta-analyses have disproven an association between hyperhomocysteinemia and risk for coronary heart disease and between MTHFR polymorphism status and risk for venous t-hromboembolism. There is growing evidence that MTHFR polymorphism testing has minimal clinical utility and, therefore should not be ordered as a part of a routine evaluation for thrombophilia.
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Pandey R, Gupta S, Lal H, Mehta HC, Aggarwal SK. Hyperhomocysteinemia and cardiovascular disease: The nutritional perspectives. Indian J Clin Biochem 2012; 15:20-30. [PMID: 23105265 DOI: 10.1007/bf02867541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Several members of the vitamin B-complex family are known to participate in the normal metabolism of homocysteine (Hcy). Leaving aside the genetic determinants of hyperhomocysteinemia (HHC), the deficiencies of these vitamins can also result in HHC. The situation of sustained and long standing HHC is likely to be prevalent in population groups with low/average socio-economic status, geriatric population and alcohol abusers. If not corrected by supplementation, these population groups certainly are more vulnerable to develop atherosclerosis (AS) and subsequently, cardiovascular disease (CVD). Hyperhomocysteinemia per se and/or HHC-induced oxidative stress result(s) in chronic chemical endothelial injury/dysfunction, smooth muscle proliferation, prothrombotic state and oxidation of low density lipoproteins (LDL) leading to diverse cardiovascular complications. In the first decade of the new millennium, major research efforts would be directed towards understanding the basic mechanism of HHC-induced oxidative stress and the pathophysiology of HHC-induced CVD, culminating in the evolution of hitherto unknown therapeutic strategies such as nutriceuticals and oxidant-antidotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Pandey
- Department of Biochemistry, Pt. B.D. Sharma, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Shanti Sadan, 6-Gole Market, 124001 Model Town, Rohtak (Haryana)
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Chattopadhyay K. A comprehensive review on host genetic susceptibility to human papillomavirus infection and progression to cervical cancer. INDIAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS 2012; 17:132-44. [PMID: 22345983 PMCID: PMC3276980 DOI: 10.4103/0971-6866.92087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer in women worldwide. This is caused by oncogenic types of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. Although large numbers of young sexually active women get HPV-infected, only a small fraction develop cervical cancer. This points to different co-factors for regression of HPV infection or progression to cervical cancer. Host genetic factors play an important role in the outcome of such complex or multifactor diseases such as cervical cancer and are also known to regulate the rate of disease progression. The aim of this review is to compile the advances in the field of host genetics of cervical cancer. MEDLINE database was searched using the terms, ‘HPV’, ‘cervical’, ‘CIN’, ‘polymorphism(s)’, ‘cervical’+ *the name of the gene* and ‘HPV’+ *the name of the gene*. This review focuses on the major host genes reported to affect the progression to cervical cancer in HPV infected individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koushik Chattopadhyay
- Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, Republic of South Africa
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Maternal folate, alcohol and energy metabolism-related gene polymorphisms and the risk of recurrent pregnancy loss. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2012; 3:327-32. [DOI: 10.1017/s2040174412000359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have suggested that the condition of recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) may be multifactorial, with both genetic predisposition and environmental factors potentially involved in its pathogenesis. The aim of this study is to elucidate the associations between maternal folate, alcohol and energy metabolism-related gene polymorphisms and the risk of RPL. This case–control study, which involved 116 cases with two or more instances of RPL and 306 fertile controls, was performed in the city of Sapporo, Japan. The associations between eight single nucleotide polymorphisms of folate, alcohol and energy metabolism-related genes [methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR), 5-methyltetrahydrofolate-homocysteine methyltransferase (MTR), 5-methyltetrahydrofolate-homocysteine methyltransferase reductase (MTRR), alcohol dehydrogenase 1B (ADH1B), aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2), beta-3-adrenergic receptor (ADRB3) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARG)], and RPL were assessed. Without consideration of cigarette smoking or alcohol use, the risk of RPL significantly decreased in women with the MTHFR rs1801133 TT, MTR rs1805087 AG or ALDH2 rs671 AA genotype (P < 0.05). The risk of RPL associated with cigarette smoking and alcohol use decreased significantly in women carrying the MTHFR rs1801133 T allele [odds ratio (OR), 0.51; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.27–0.95]. Similarly, the risk of RPL significantly decreased in women carrying the MTR rs1805087 G allele (OR, 0.44; 95% CI, 0.23–0.85). Our findings suggest that maternal gene polymorphisms related to folate metabolism may decrease the risk of RPL. Molecular epidemiological studies are needed to unequivocally elucidate the multifactorial effects of both genetic and environmental factors on human fecundity.
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Oliveira KC, Verreschi ITN, Sugawara EK, Silva VC, Galera BB, Galera MF, Bianco B, Lipay MVN. C677T and A1298C polymorphisms of MTHFR gene and their relation to homocysteine levels in Turner syndrome. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2012; 16:396-400. [PMID: 22283972 PMCID: PMC3354587 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2011.0222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS To determine the frequency of C677T and A1298C polymorphisms of the MTHFR gene and correlate them with homocysteine serum levels in patients with Turner syndrome (TS) and controls. METHODS This case-control study included 78 women with TS and a control group of 372 healthy individuals without personal or family history of cardiovascular disease and cancer. C677T (rs1801133) and A1298C (rs1801131) polymorphisms were detected by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment-length polymorphism and the TaqMan system, respectively. Homocysteine serum levels were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. The results were analyzed statistically, and p<0.05 was considered to represent a significant difference. RESULTS The homocysteine levels change was 13.9+3.3 nM in patients with TS and 8.8+3.2 nM in the control group. No significant difference between groups was found (p=0.348). Single-marker analysis revealed no association between MTHFR C677T polymorphism and TS when genotype (p=0.063) or allelic (p=0.277) distribution was considered. Regarding MTHFR A1298C polymorphism, a statistical difference was found between the TS group and the control group, for both genotype (p<0.0001) and allele (p<0.0001) distribution. Haplotype analysis of 2 MTHFR polymorphisms identified 2 haplotypes-CC and TC-associated with TS (p<0.001 and p=0.0165, respectively). However, homocysteine levels were not higher in patients with haplotype risk. CONCLUSION The results suggest that the C677T and A1298C polymorphisms of the MTHFR gene are not related to homocysteine levels in Brazilian patients with TS, despite the differential distribution of the mutated allele C (A1298C) in these patients. Further studies are needed to investigate the possible genetic interaction with homocysteine levels in TS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly C Oliveira
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Abstract
The vitamin folate functions within the cell as a carrier of one-carbon units. The requirement for one-carbon transfers is ubiquitous and all mammalian cells carry out folate dependent reactions. In recent years, low folate status has been linked to risk of numerous adverse health conditions throughout life from birth defects and complications of pregnancy to cardiovascular disease, cancer and cognitive dysfunction in the elderly. In many instances inadequate intake of folate seems to be the primary contributor but there is also evidence that an underlying genetic susceptibility can play a modest role by causing subtle alterations in the availability, metabolism or distribution of intermediates in folate related pathways. Folate linked one-carbon units are essential for DNA synthesis and repair and as a source of methyl groups for biological methylation reactions. The notion of common genetic variants being linked to risk of disease was relatively novel in 1995 when the first functional folate-related polymorphism was discovered. Numerous polymorphisms have now been identified in folate related genes and have been tested for functionality either as a modifier of folate status or as being associated with risk of disease. Moreover, there is increasing research into the importance of folate-derived one-carbon units for DNA and histone methylation reactions, which exert crucial epigenetic control over cellular protein synthesis. It is thus becoming clear that genetic aspects of folate metabolism are wide-ranging and may touch on events as disparate as prenatal imprinting to cancer susceptibility. This chapter will review the current knowledge in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne M Molloy
- School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland,
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Wei W, Liu SY, Zeng FF, Ma L, Li KS, Wang BY. Meta-Analysis of the Association of the C677T Polymorphism of the Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase Gene with Hyperuricemia. ANNALS OF NUTRITION AND METABOLISM 2012; 60:44-51. [DOI: 10.1159/000335698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2011] [Accepted: 12/12/2011] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Xu F, Zhang L, Li M. Plasma homocysteine, serum folic acid, serum vitamin B12, serum vitamin B6, MTHFR and risk of pseudoexfoliation glaucoma: a meta-analysis. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2011; 250:1067-74. [DOI: 10.1007/s00417-011-1877-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2011] [Revised: 11/06/2011] [Accepted: 11/15/2011] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
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Chang YH, Fu WM, Wu YH, Yeh CJ, Huang CN, Shiau MY. Prevalence of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase C677T and A1298C polymorphisms in Taiwanese patients with Type 2 diabetic mellitus. Clin Biochem 2011; 44:1370-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2011.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2011] [Revised: 08/23/2011] [Accepted: 09/16/2011] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Hsu FC, Sides EG, Mychaleckyj JC, Worrall BB, Elias GA, Liu Y, Chen WM, Coull BM, Toole JF, Rich SS, Furie KL, Sale MM. Transcobalamin 2 variant associated with poststroke homocysteine modifies recurrent stroke risk. Neurology 2011; 77:1543-50. [PMID: 21975197 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0b013e318233b1f9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The Vitamin Intervention for Stroke Prevention trial found an association between baseline poststroke homocysteine (Hcy) and recurrent stroke. We investigated genes for enzymes and cofactors in the Hcy metabolic pathway for association with Hcy and determined whether associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) influenced recurrent stroke risk. METHODS Eighty-six SNPs in 9 candidate genes (BHMT1, BHMT2, CBS, CTH, MTHFR, MTR, MTRR, TCN1, and TCN2) were genotyped in 2,206 subjects (83% European American). Associations with Hcy measures were assessed using linear regression models assuming an additive genetic model, adjusting for age, sex, and race and additionally for baseline Hcy when postmethionine load change was assessed. Associations with recurrent stroke were evaluated using survival analyses. RESULTS Five SNPs in the transcobalamin 2 (TCN2) gene were associated with baseline Hcy (false discovery rate [FDR]-adjusted p = 0.049). TCN2 SNP rs731991 was associated with recurrent stroke risk in the low-dose arm of the trial under a recessive model (log-rank test p = 0.009, hazard ratio 0.34). Associations with change in postmethionine load Hcy levels were found with 5 SNPs in the cystathionine β-synthase (CBS) gene (FDR-adjusted p < 0.031). CONCLUSIONS TCN2 variants contribute to poststroke Hcy levels, whereas variants in the CBS gene influence Hcy metabolism. Variation in the TCN2 gene also affects recurrent stroke risk in response to cofactor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- F-C Hsu
- Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
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Owen SA, Lunt M, Bowes J, Hider SL, Bruce IN, Thomson W, Barton A. MTHFR gene polymorphisms and outcome of methotrexate treatment in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: analysis of key polymorphisms and meta-analysis of C677T and A1298C polymorphisms. THE PHARMACOGENOMICS JOURNAL 2011; 13:137-47. [PMID: 21931346 DOI: 10.1038/tpj.2011.42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Association of two key variants mapping to the MTHFR gene (C677T (rs1801133) and A1298C (rs1801131)) with response to methotrexate (MTX) remains controversial. We investigated these and other markers spanning the gene as predictors of MTX efficacy and adverse events in a UK rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patient cohort and performed a meta-analysis of the two key variants using all published data. The tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were genotyped in 309 patients with well-defined outcomes to MTX treatment and 17 studies were included in the meta-analysis. No association of the SNPs tested was detected with MTX efficacy or toxicity in our UK cohort. After combining our data with previous studies by meta-analysis, the random effects pooled odds ratios (OR) for both C677T and A1298C showed no association with efficacy or toxicity for either of the SNPs (efficacy: OR=1.05 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.83-1.32) and OR=0.81 (95% CI 0.53-1.24), respectively; toxicity: OR=1.38 (95% CI 0.90-2.12) and OR=1.19 (95% CI 0.80-1.78), respectively). The available evidence suggests that the MTHFR C677T and A1298C gene polymorphisms are not reliable predictors of response to MTX treatment in RA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Owen
- Arthritis Research UK Epidemiology Unit, Manchester Academy of Health Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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Altmäe S, Hovatta O, Stavreus-Evers A, Salumets A. Genetic predictors of controlled ovarian hyperstimulation: where do we stand today? Hum Reprod Update 2011; 17:813-28. [DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmr034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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Bhaskar L, Murthy J, Venkatesh Babu G. Polymorphisms in genes involved in folate metabolism and orofacial clefts. Arch Oral Biol 2011; 56:723-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2011.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2010] [Revised: 01/18/2011] [Accepted: 01/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Summers CM, Mitchell LE, Stanislawska-Sachadyn A, Baido SF, Blair IA, Von Feldt JM, Whitehead AS. Genetic and lifestyle variables associated with homocysteine concentrations and the distribution of folate derivatives in healthy premenopausal women. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 88:679-88. [PMID: 20544798 DOI: 10.1002/bdra.20683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low folate and high homocysteine (Hcy) concentrations are associated with pregnancy-related pathologies such as spina bifida. Polymorphisms in folate/Hcy metabolic enzymes may contribute to this potentially pathogenic biochemical phenotype. METHODS The study comprised 26 Caucasian and 23 African-American premenopausal women. Subjects gave fasting blood samples for biochemical phenotyping and genotyping. Total Hcy (tHcy) and both plasma and red blood cell (RBC) folate derivatives (i.e. tetrahydrofolate [THF], 5-methylTHF [5-MTHF], and 5,10-methenylTHF [5,10-MTHF]) were measured using stable isotope dilution liquid chromatography, multiple reaction monitoring, and mass spectrometry. Eleven polymorphisms from nine folate/Hcy pathway genes were genotyped. Tests of association between genetic, lifestyle, and biochemical variables were applied. RESULTS In African American women, tHcy concentrations were associated (p < 0.05) with total RBC folate, RBC 5-MTHF, B(12), and polymorphisms in methionine synthase (MTR) and thymidylate synthase (TYMS). In Caucasian women, tHcy concentrations were not associated with total folate levels, but were associated (p < 0.05) with RBC THF, ratios of RBC 5-MTHF:THF, and polymorphisms in 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) and MTR. In African Americans, folate derivative levels were associated with smoking, B(12), and polymorphisms in MTR, TYMS, methionine synthase reductase (MTRR), and reduced folate carrier1 (RFC1). In Caucasians, folate derivative levels were associated with vitamin use, B(12), and polymorphisms in MTHFR, TYMS, and RFC1. CONCLUSIONS Polymorphisms in the folate/Hcy pathway are associated with tHcy and folate derivative levels. In African American and Caucasian women, different factors are associated with folate/Hcy phenotypes and may contribute to race-specific differences in the risks of a range of pregnancy-related pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn M Summers
- Centers for Cancer Pharmacology, Pharmacogenetics, and Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, Department of Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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The transcobalamin (TCN2) 776C>G polymorphism affects homocysteine concentrations among subjects with low vitamin B12 status. Eur J Clin Nutr 2010; 64:1338-43. [DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2010.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Gene-gene interactions in the folate metabolic pathway and the risk of conotruncal heart defects. J Biomed Biotechnol 2010; 2010:630940. [PMID: 20111745 PMCID: PMC2810479 DOI: 10.1155/2010/630940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2009] [Revised: 11/02/2009] [Accepted: 12/02/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Conotruncal and related heart defects (CTRD) are common, complex malformations. Although there are few established risk factors, there is evidence that genetic variation in the folate metabolic pathway influences CTRD risk. This study was undertaken to assess the association between inherited (i.e., case) and maternal gene-gene interactions in this pathway and the risk of CTRD. Case-parent triads (n = 727), ascertained from the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, were genotyped for ten functional variants of nine folate metabolic genes. Analyses of inherited genotypes were consistent with the previously reported association between MTHFR A1298C and CTRD (adjusted P = .02), but provided no evidence that CTRD was associated with inherited gene-gene interactions. Analyses of the maternal genotypes provided evidence of a MTHFR C677T/CBS 844ins68 interaction and CTRD risk (unadjusted P = .02). This association is consistent with the effects of this genotype combination on folate-homocysteine biochemistry but remains to be confirmed in independent study populations.
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Prinz-Langenohl R, Brämswig S, Tobolski O, Smulders YM, Smith DEC, Finglas PM, Pietrzik K. [6S]-5-methyltetrahydrofolate increases plasma folate more effectively than folic acid in women with the homozygous or wild-type 677C-->T polymorphism of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase. Br J Pharmacol 2009; 158:2014-21. [PMID: 19917061 PMCID: PMC2807663 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2009.00492.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2009] [Revised: 07/06/2009] [Accepted: 08/10/2009] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE 5,10-Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) is responsible for the synthesis of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (5-MTHF). The 677C-->T mutation of MTHFR reduces the activity of this enzyme. The aim of this study was, first, to compare pharmacokinetic parameters of [6S]-5-MTHF and folic acid (FA) in women with the homozygous (TT) and wild-type (CC) 677C-->T mutation, and second, to explore genotype differences. The metabolism of [6S]-5-MTHF and FA was evaluated by measuring plasma folate derivatives. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Healthy females (TT, n= 16; CC, n= 8) received a single oral dose of FA (400 microg) and [6S]-5-MTHF (416 microg) in a randomized crossover design. Plasma folate was measured up to 8 h after supplementation. Concentration-time-profile [area under the curve of the plasma folate concentration vs. time (AUC)], maximum concentration (C(max)) and time-to-reach-maximum (t(max)) were calculated. KEY RESULTS AUC and C(max) were significantly higher, and t(max) significantly shorter for [6S]-5-MTHF compared with FA in both genotypes. A significant difference between the genotypes was observed for t(max) after FA only (P < 0.05). Plasma folate consisted essentially of 5-MTHF irrespective of the folate form given. Unmetabolized FA in plasma occurs regularly following FA supplementation, but rarely with [6S]-5-MTHF. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS These data suggest that [6S]-5-MTHF increases plasma folate more effectively than FA irrespective of the 677C-->T mutation of the MTHFR. This natural form of folate could be an alternative to FA supplementation or fortification.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Prinz-Langenohl
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Human Nutrition II, Pathophysiology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
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