1
|
Küçükömeroğlu B, Şen A, Duran SU, Çiriş A, Taskin H, Ersoy H. Determination of radioactivity level of water supply network in Trabzon province, Turkey. ISOTOPES IN ENVIRONMENTAL AND HEALTH STUDIES 2021; 57:610-622. [PMID: 34493126 DOI: 10.1080/10256016.2021.1972996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, the radioactivity levels of water samples collected from the main water supply network in Trabzon province and districts and soil samples taken from the vicinity of the water network were measured. An Alphaguard-PQ2000 radon gas detector was used to determine the seasonal radon gas level in the water samples. An HPGe detector was used to determine the level of radioactivity in soil and water samples. The average concentration of 222Rn in drinking water ranges from 0.56 ± 0.51 to 13.3 ± 5 Bq L-1. In water samples, average gross alpha and gross beta values were measured as 8 ± 1 and 43 ± 1 mBq L-1, respectively. The average concentrations of 238U, 232Th, 137Cs, 40K radionuclides in soil were measured as 51 ± 2, 21 ± 2, 16 ± 1, 28 ± 7 Bq m-3, respectively. The average concentrations of 238U, 232Th, 137Cs, 40K radionuclides in drinking water were measured as 147 ± 5, 25 ± 2, 77 ± 2, 12 ± 2 mBq L-1, respectively. When the radon concentrations for drinking water were examined, it was found that the radon concentration of the three samples was above the limit value (11 Bq L-1) allowed by the US-EPA for drinking water. All other results are below the limit values.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ayşegül Şen
- Department of Physics, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Selcen Uzun Duran
- Program of Medical Imaging Techniques, Vocational School of Health Sciences, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Ali Çiriş
- Nanotechnology Research and Application Center, Ömer Halis Demir University, Niğde, Turkey
| | - Halim Taskin
- Cekmece Nuclear Researches and Training Center (CNAEM), Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hakan Ersoy
- Department of Geology, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Das B, Deb A. Theoretical evaluation of calibration factor for CR-39 track detector for alpha radioactivity measurement in natural water. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2021.109511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
3
|
Radon Levels of Water Sources in the Southwest Coastal Region of Peninsular Malaysia. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11156842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Across populations, the dominating source of public exposure to radiation is radon gas. In the present study, we aimed at determining the concentration of radon in water sources from the southwest coastal region of Peninsular Malaysia. A total of 27 water samples were taken from various water sources which included groundwater, as well as hot spring, lake, river, seawater, and tap water; the radon concentrations were measured using a RAD7 portable radon detector. The radon concentrations ranged from 0.07 ± 0.12 to 187 ± 12 Bq l−1, with an average of 21 ± 12 Bq l−1. The highest concentration was found in hot spring water, with an average concentration of 99 ± 6 Bq l−1, while the lowest concentration was found in tap water, with an average concentration of 1.95 ± 0.61 Bq l−1. The average concentrations of radon for all categories of sampled water were below the 100 Bq l−1 WHO guidance level for safe drinking water. According to the ICRP effective dose conversion factor and UNSCEAR (2000), the total effective dose from the summation of inhaled and imbibed water was calculated from the aqueous radon concentrations, with an average effective dose of 4.45 µSv y−1, well within the WHO safe drinking water guideline value of 100 µSv per year. The results of this study could support the efforts of authorities and regulators who are responsible for controlling and strategizing to ensure public safety against radon exposures.
Collapse
|
4
|
Shu'aibu HK, Khandaker MU, Baballe A, Tata S, Adamu MA. Determination of radon concentration in groundwater of Gadau, Bauchi State, Nigeria and estimation of effective dose. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2020.108934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
5
|
Hashim AK, Hatif AR, Ahmed NM, Wadi IA, Al Qaaod AA. Comparison study of CR-39 and CN-85 detectors to evaluate the alpha radioactivity of some samples of drinks in Iraq. Appl Radiat Isot 2020; 167:109410. [PMID: 33065401 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2020.109410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Radon and progeny concentration measurements in various drink samples are intrinsically important for assessing the health risks resulting from daily consumption of these drinks. In this study the comparison between two Solid State Nuclear Track Detectors (SSNTDs), the CR-39 and the CN-85 has been conducted for the purpose of evaluating the radon concentration, annual effective dose, the rate of exhalation of radon and the effective radium content in thirty-two different samples of soft drink, water, and milk available in the local Iraq markets. The results showed that there are significant differences in the measurement results for the two detectors. The annual effective dose of the investigated samples is still below the limit of International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) recommendation in the measurements of both detectors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Abbas R Hatif
- Department of Physics, Collage of Science, Kerbala University, Karbala, Iraq
| | | | - I A Wadi
- Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Preparatory Year Deanship, Basic Science Unit, Alkharj, Saudi Arabia; University of Nyala, Faculty of Education, Physics Department, Nyala, Sudan.
| | - Amer A Al Qaaod
- International Centre for Theoretical Physics (ICTP), Trieste, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Yu L, Feng G, Liu Q, Tang C, Wu B, Mao P, Cai C. Assessment of natural radioactivity and consequent radiological hazard in different brands of commercialized bottled mineral water produced in China. JOURNAL OF WATER AND HEALTH 2020; 18:566-573. [PMID: 32833682 DOI: 10.2166/wh.2020.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
As one of the drinking water quality parameters, natural radioactivity parameters are recommended to prevent a potential health threat to the public. In this study, the gross-α and gross-β activity concentrations in 15 different brands of commercial bottled mineral water consumed in China were analyzed to evaluate the quality and corresponding health impact on the population. The activity concentrations of gross-α and gross-β in different samples varied from 4.4 to 130.6 and 17.3-320.3 mBq L-1, respectively. The values of the annual effective dose equivalent rate (AED) for infants, children and adults ranged from 1.3 to 21.6, 2.9-52.5 and 5.5-97.8 μSv y-1, respectively. The average excess lifetime cancer risk caused by the consumption of bottled mineral water samples was estimated as 6.0 × 10-5. These results show that all the measured gross-α and gross-β are found to be obviously less than the guidance level by WHO and the domestic standard. The values of AED are below the World Health Organization (WHO) recommended limit of 0.1 mSv y-1. Combined with the lifetime cancer risk assessment, it is concluded that there is no significant risk for consumption of the observed brands of bottled mineral water and it can be consumed safely.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lang Yu
- Research Center of Radiation Ecology and Ion Beam Biotechnology, College of Physics Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830046, China E-mail:
| | - Guangwen Feng
- Research Center of Radiation Ecology and Ion Beam Biotechnology, College of Physics Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830046, China E-mail:
| | - Qian Liu
- School of Statistics and Data Science, Xinjiang University of Finance & Economics, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830012, China
| | - Chao Tang
- Research Center of Ion Beam Biotechnology and Biodiversity, Xi'an Technological University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Baoshan Wu
- Research Center of Radiation Ecology and Ion Beam Biotechnology, College of Physics Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830046, China E-mail:
| | - Peihong Mao
- Research Center of Radiation Ecology and Ion Beam Biotechnology, College of Physics Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830046, China E-mail:
| | - Changlong Cai
- Research Center of Ion Beam Biotechnology and Biodiversity, Xi'an Technological University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wanjala FO, Hashim NO, Otwoma D, Nyambura C, Kebwaro J, Ndege M, Bartilol S. Environmental assessment of heavy metal pollutants in soils and water from Ortum, Kenya. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2020; 192:118. [PMID: 31950287 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-020-8070-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Analysis of elemental concentration in soil and water was carried out in Ortum to ensure safe utilization of soil and water resources for agriculture, industrial, and household purposes. Elemental analysis of soil and water was done using the EDXRF spectrometer and the inductively coupled plasma - optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), respectively. A total of 59 soil samples from different locations and depth and 10 water samples were collected from Ortum using purposive sampling method. The results of the mean elemental composition of 13 elements Ni (ppm), Cu (ppm), Zn (ppm), Pb (ppm), K (%w), Ca (%w), Fe (%w), Ti (%w), Mn (ppm), Rb (ppm), Sr (ppm), Zr (ppm), and Nb (ppm) in soils were 58.11, 46.91, 73.49, 22.20, 3.83, 24.39, 1.72, 7.73, 1529.74, 60.98, 442.26, 410.63, and 29.36, respectively, and the mean of 19 elements Ni, Cu, Pb, Zn, Ag, Al, As, Ba, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, and Se in water samples in (mg/l) were 0.037, 0.0014, 0.0005, 0.0042, 0.0030, 0.021, 0.0080, 0.12, 73.81, 0.00023, 0.0036, 0.00276, 0.0040, 6.11, 38.18, 0.00023, 0.0032, 46.87, and 0.0026, respectively. The average elemental concentration in soils was within the world average range. The mean concentration of Cu, Zn, and Pb in soil reduced with increase in depth while that of Ni increased with increase in depth. The average metal pollution indices in soils, geoaccumulation index (Igeo) potential ecological risk index (Ei), and synthesized potential ecological risk index (Er) were evaluated and found to be - 0.40, 4.92, and 19.69, respectively. According to the classification index, the results show that the soil in Ortum is moderately polluted, and the risk associated with the measured elemental concentration of Ni, Zn, Cu, and Pb in the soils is low. The elemental concentrations in water samples was lower than the recommended permissible limits except for Calcium (Ca) in borehole water with an average of 90.80 mg/l against the permissible levels of 75 mg/l (WHO, 2011). The pH for water samples was found to range from 6.60 to 7.71 with an average of 7.07 which is within the acceptable range of pH 6.5 to pH 8.5 as recommended by WHO, 2011. The study found out that elemental concentration in soil and water samples from Ortum were withing the world average values and that the soil and water in Ortum is safe for use in agriculture and domestic purposes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F O Wanjala
- Physics Department, Kenyatta University, P. O. Box 43844-00100, Nairobi, Kenya.
| | - N O Hashim
- Physics Department, Kenyatta University, P. O. Box 43844-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - D Otwoma
- National Commission for Science Technology and Innovation, P. O. Box 30623-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - C Nyambura
- Physics Department, Kenyatta University, P. O. Box 43844-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - J Kebwaro
- Physics Department, Karatina University, P.O. Box 1957-10101, Karatina, Kenya
| | - M Ndege
- Kenya Bureau of Standards, P.O. Box 54974 - 00200, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - S Bartilol
- Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, 30197, Kenya
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Sharma S, Kumar A, Mehra R, Kaur R. INGESTION AND INHALATION DOSES DUE TO INTAKE OF RADON IN DRINKING WATER SAMPLES OF AMRITSAR PROVINCE, PUNJAB, INDIA. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2019; 187:230-242. [PMID: 31211396 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncz157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In the present investigation, the ingestion and inhalation dosage for the particular body organs in light of the intake of radon through ground water utilised by the occupants have been assessed in the different villages of the Upper Bari Doab region of Amritsar province, India using an electrostatic collection type radon monitor (RAD7) analyzer with RAD-H2O accessory. The mean radon activity level in water was seen to be 8.34 ± 2.99 Bql-1. The newborn children have higher radiation dosage than the other age groups because of their high dosage transformation factors. However, the radiation dosage received by all different age groups significantly less than the UNSCEAR and WHO suggested a level of 100 μSv y-1. The annual effective dosage for the diverse body organs because of the intake of radon was moreover ascertained and found the maximum dosage for lungs than other organs. The radiation dosage received by bronchial epithelium by the means of inhalation was likewise high when contrasted with that by stomach walls through ingestion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Sharma
- Department of Physics, D.A.V. College, Amritsar, Punjab, India
- Department of Applied Sciences, Swami Sarvanand Group of Institute, Dinanagar, Punjab, India
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Department of Physics, D.A.V. College, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Rohit Mehra
- Department of Physics, Dr. B R Ambedkar National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar, Punjab, India
| | - Ranbir Kaur
- Department of Physics, D.A.V. College, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Khandaker MU, Uwatse OB, Bin Shamsul Khairi KA, Faruque MRI, Bradley DA. TERRESTRIAL RADIONUCLIDES IN SURFACE (DAM) WATER AND CONCOMITANT DOSE IN METROPOLITAN KUALA LUMPUR. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2019; 185:343-350. [PMID: 30806465 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncz018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Batu Dam is of considerable importance to the metropolis of Kuala Lumpur, its existence and the quality assessment of its waters being essential in helping to maintain the lives of a large sector of the Malaysian population. Concerning the level of naturally occurring radioactivity contained within its waters, a well characterised HPGe γ-ray technique has been used in making measurements of the concentrations of primordial radionuclides in samples of surface water from the Dam. Based on the mean individual daily consumption of dam water, estimation has been made of the concomitant radiation dose. Activity concentrations, in units of Bq l-1, have been found to be in the range 2.4-3.2 for 226Ra, 1.1-1.3 for 232Th and 22.7-40.7 for 40K, in line with literature data for surface waters. The total annual ingestion dose for infants (<1 y) and adolescents (12-17 y) are found to be significant and greater than the World Health Organization recommended maximum dose of 0.1 mSv y-1 from the imbibing of drinking water. However, the Dam water does not pose a threat to public health, the Dam water not being used as the sole source of drinking water. Noting that this is the only known study of water from Batu Dam, the reported levels allow for evaluation of future changes in the natural radioactivity profile.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mayeen Uddin Khandaker
- Centre for Biomedical Physics, School of Healthcare and Medical Sciences, Sunway University, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | | | - M R I Faruque
- Space Science Centre, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - D A Bradley
- Centre for Biomedical Physics, School of Healthcare and Medical Sciences, Sunway University, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
- Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, UK
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Alseroury F, Almeelbi T, Khan A, Barakata M, Al-Zahrani J, Alali W. Estimation of natural radioactive and heavy metals concentration in underground water. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jrras.2018.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F.A. Alseroury
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, KSA, Saudi Arabia
| | - T. Almeelbi
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Meteorology, Environment and Arid Land Agriculture, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, KSA, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aslam Khan
- Center of Excellence in Environmental Studies, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, KSA, Saudi Arabia
| | - M.A. Barakata
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Meteorology, Environment and Arid Land Agriculture, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, KSA, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - J.H. Al-Zahrani
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, KSA, Saudi Arabia
| | - W. Alali
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Aljouf University, KSA, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Abuelhia E. Assessment of radiation dose from radon ingestion and inhalation in commercially bottled drinking water and its annual effective dose in Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2019; 29:164-172. [PMID: 30289277 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2018.1531113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The isotopes of radium, uranium, polonium, lead, and short-lived radon are the common radionuclides found in drinking water. The abnormal amount of radon in drinking water causes health risks. In this study, an attempt has been made to estimate the level of radon concentrations and its annual effective dose from bottled water brands and tap drinking water. A total of 77 samples of drinking water sources; 47 bottled water brands and 27 tap water samples including 3 samples from water storage tank supplier were collected and examined. The measurements were performed using active detection method technique called Durridge RAD7-H2O with closed loop. The minimum and maximum level of average radon concentrations was 0.10 ± 0.02 BqL-1 and 9.2 ± 0.02 BqL-1. The results were below the limit recommended by the Environmental Protection Agency (11 BqL-1). The annual effective dose for children and adults was in the range from almost 0.51 µSvy-1 to 46.69 µSvy-1. There are no indications of significant threat from radon concentrations in bottled water brands or tap drinking water, and it is safe as far as health hazard is concerned.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elfatih Abuelhia
- Department of Radiological Sciences, College of Applied Medical Science, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Sharma PK, Mayank M, Ojha CSP, Shukla SK. A review on groundwater contaminant transport and remediation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/09715010.2018.1438213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P. K. Sharma
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, India
| | - Muskan Mayank
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, India
| | - C. S. P. Ojha
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, India
| | - S. K. Shukla
- Discipline of Civil and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Radiation dose to the Malaysian populace via the consumption of bottled mineral water. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2017.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
14
|
Al-Shboul KF, Alali AE, Batayneh IM, Al-Khodire HY. Radiation hazards and lifetime risk assessment of tap water using liquid scintillation counting and high-resolution gamma spectrometry. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2017; 178-179:245-252. [PMID: 28915436 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2017.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Revised: 09/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this work, two complementary techniques, viz. liquid scintillation counting and high-resolution gamma spectrometry are utilized to analyze radionuclides concentrations in tap water of Irbid governorate, Jordan, and study their correlation. Gross alpha and gross beta concentrations, in the tap water samples collected from the nine districts of Irbid governorate, ranged from <82 to 484 mBq/L with a mean of 295 mBq/L and from <216 to 984 mBq/L with a mean of 611 mBq/L, respectively. Furthermore, gamma spectrometry analysis, for the tap water samples, shows that the activity concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K ranged between <19 and 302 mBq/L, 24 to 119 mBq/L, and <101 to 342 mBq/L, respectively. There was a weak or even no correlation among the identified natural radionuclides with no trace of artificial radioactivity. In addition, the results of both techniques show that storing tap water in drilled wells leads to higher levels of radioactivity concentrations beyond the international permissible limits. Furthermore, the average lifetime risk and annual effective dose received by age-grouped inhabitants due to direct and indirect tap water consumption are evaluated, where most of the received dose is attributed to 226Ra.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K F Al-Shboul
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan.
| | - A E Alali
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - I M Batayneh
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - H Y Al-Khodire
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Haider H, Al-Salamah IS, Ghumman AR. Development of Groundwater Quality Index Using Fuzzy-Based Multicriteria Analysis for Buraydah, Qassim, Saudi Arabia. ARABIAN JOURNAL FOR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s13369-017-2578-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
16
|
Girault F, Perrier F, Przylibski TA. Radon-222 and radium-226 occurrence in water: a review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1144/sp451.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
AbstractA total of 2143 dissolved radon-222 and radium-226 activity concentrations measured together in water samples was compiled from the literature. To date, the use of such a large database is the first attempt to establish a relationship for the 226Ra–222Rn couple. Over the whole dataset, radon and radium concentrations range over more than nine and six orders of magnitude, respectively. Geometric means yield 9.82±0.73 Bq l−1 for radon and 54.6±2.7 mBq l−1 for radium. Only a few waters are in 226Ra–222Rn radioactive equilibrium, with most of them being far from equilibrium; the geometric mean of the radium concentration in water/radon concentration in water (CRa/CRn) ratio is estimated to be 0.0056±0.0004. Significant differences in radon and radium concentrations are observed between groundwaters and surface waters, on the one hand, and between hot springs and cold springs, on the other. Within water types, typical ranges of radon and radium concentrations can be associated with subgroups of waters. While the radium concentration characterizes the geochemistry of the groundwater–rock interaction, the radon concentration, in most cases, is a signal of non-mobile radium embedded in the encasing rocks. Thus, the 226Ra–222Rn couple can be a useful tool for the characterization of water and for the identification of water source rocks, shedding light on the various water–rock interaction processes taking place in the environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Girault
- Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Frédéric Perrier
- Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Tadeusz A. Przylibski
- Faculty of Geoengineering, Mining and Geology, Division of Geology and Mineral Waters, Wrocław University of Technology, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Benedik L, Rovan L, Klemenčič H, Gantar I, Prosen H. Natural radioactivity in tap waters from the private wells in the surroundings of the former Žirovski Vrh uranium mine and the age-dependent dose assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:12062-12072. [PMID: 25874436 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-4481-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Activity concentration of (238)U, (234)U, (226)Ra, (228)Ra, (210)Pb and (210)Po in tap water from selected springs and private wells in the area of the former uranium mine at Žirovski Vrh were determined. A total of 22 tap water samples were collected at consumer's houses. The results show that the activity concentrations of uranium in water samples are in range (0.17-372) and (0.22-362) mBq L(-1) for (238)U and (234)U, respectively. Radium activity concentrations are in range (0.14-16.7) and (0.9-11.7) mBq L(-1) for (226)Ra and (228)Ra, respectively. (210)Po activity concentration is in range (0.28-8.0) mBq L(-1) and can be regarded as the lowest amongst all analysed radionuclides. The range for (210)Pb is (0.5-24.6) mBq L(-1). Based on the results obtained for activity concentrations of six radionuclides, the committed effective dose for three different age groups of population were estimated. It was found that the committed effective dose was well below the recommended value of 100 μSv year(-1), ranging from 2.3 to 34.3 μSv year(-1) for adults, from 3.5 to 32.0 μSv year(-1) for children (7-12 years) and from 3.0 to 23.3 μSv year(-1) for infants.
Collapse
|
18
|
Darko G, Faanu A, Akoto O, Acheampong A, Goode EJ, Gyamfi O. Distribution of natural and artificial radioactivity in soils, water and tuber crops. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2015; 187:339. [PMID: 25958087 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-015-4580-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Activity concentrations of radionuclides in water, soil and tuber crops of a major food-producing area in Ghana were investigated. The average gross alpha and beta activities were 0.021 and 0.094 Bq/L, respectively, and are below the guidelines for drinking water and therefore not expected to pose any significant health risk. The average annual effective dose due to ingestion of radionuclide in water ranged from 20.08 to 53.45 μSv/year. The average activity concentration of (238)U, (232)Th, (40)K and (137)Cs in the soil from different farmlands in the study area was 23.19, 31.10, 143.78 and 2.88 Bq/kg, respectively, which is lower than world averages. The determined absorbed dose rate for the farmlands ranged from 23.63 to 50.51 nGy/year, which is within worldwide range of 18 to 93 nGy/year. The activity concentration of (238)U, (232)Th, (40)K and (137)Cs in cassava ranges from 0.38 to 6.73, 1.82 to 10.32, 17.65 to 41.01 and 0.38 to 1.02 Bq/kg, respectively. Additionally, the activity concentration of (238)U, (232)Th, (40)K and (137)Cs in yam also ranges from 0.47 to 4.89, 0.93 to 5.03, 14.19 to 35.07 and 0.34 to 0.89 Bq/kg, respectively. The average concentration ratio for (238)U, (232)Th and (40)K in yam was 0.12, 0.11 and 0.17, respectively, and in cassava was 0.11, 0.12 and 0.2, respectively. None of the radioactivity is expected to cause significant health problems to human beings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Godfred Darko
- Department of Chemistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana,
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Zare MR, Kamali M, Omidi Z, Khorambagheri M, Mortazavi MS, Ebrahimi M, Akbarzadeh G. Evaluation of natural radioactivity content in high-volume surface water samples along the northern coast of Oman Sea using portable high-resolution gamma-ray spectrometry. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2015; 144:134-139. [PMID: 25847859 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2015.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Revised: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Portable high-resolution gamma-ray spectrometry was carried out to determine the natural radioactivity levels in high volume surface water samples of the northern coast of Oman Sea, covering the coastal strip from Hormoz strait to Goatr seaport, for the first time. The water samples from 36 coastal and near shore locations were collected for analysis. Analyses on the samples collected were carried out to determine (226)Ra, (232)Th and (40)K contents. The concentration of (226)Ra, (232)Th and (40)K in surface water samples ranged between 2.19 and 2.82 Bq/L, 1.66-2.17 Bq/L and 132.6-148.87 Bq/L, respectively. The activity profile of radionuclides shows low activity across the study area. The study also examined some radiation hazard indices. The external hazard index was found to be less than 1, indicating a low dose. The results of measurements will serve as background reference level for Oman Sea coastlines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza Zare
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences, University of Isfahan, Isfahan 81746-73441, Islamic Republic of Iran.
| | - Mahdi Kamali
- Chemical Process Research Group, Institute of Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Isfahan, Isfahan 81746-73441, Islamic Republic of Iran; Graduate Faculty of Environment, Department of Environmental Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran.
| | - Zohre Omidi
- Department of Radiation Application, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Mahdi Khorambagheri
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences, University of Isfahan, Isfahan 81746-73441, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Mohammad Seddigh Mortazavi
- Persian Gulf and Oman Sea Ecological Research Institute, P.O. Box 79145-1597, Bandar Abbas, Hormozgan, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Mahmood Ebrahimi
- Persian Gulf and Oman Sea Ecological Research Institute, P.O. Box 79145-1597, Bandar Abbas, Hormozgan, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Gholamali Akbarzadeh
- Persian Gulf and Oman Sea Ecological Research Institute, P.O. Box 79145-1597, Bandar Abbas, Hormozgan, Islamic Republic of Iran
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Althoyaib SS, El-Taher A. Natural radioactivity measurements in groundwater from Al-Jawa, Saudi Arabia. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-014-3874-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
21
|
Krishan G, Rao MS, Kumar CP, Semwal P. Radon concentration in groundwater of east coast of West Bengal, India. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-014-3808-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
22
|
Rožmarić M, Rogić M, Benedik L, Barišić D, Planinšek P. Radiological characterization of tap waters in Croatia and the age dependent dose assessment. CHEMOSPHERE 2014; 111:272-277. [PMID: 24997928 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.04.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Revised: 03/19/2014] [Accepted: 04/12/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Activity concentrations of (234)U, (238)U, (226)Ra, (228)Ra, (210)Po and (210)Pb in tap waters, originating from various geological regions of Croatia, were determined. Activity concentrations of measured radionuclides are in general decreasing in this order: (238)U≈(234)U>(228)Ra≈(210)Pb>(226)Ra≈(210)Po. Based on the radionuclide activity concentrations average total annual internal doses for infants, children and adults, as well as contribution of each particular radionuclide to total dose, were assessed and discussed. The highest doses were calculated for infants, which makes them the most critical group of population. All values for each population group were well below the recommended reference dose level (RDL) of 0.1mSv from one year's consumption of drinking water according to European Commission recommendations from 1998. Contribution of each particular radionuclide to total doses varied among different age groups but for each group the lowest contribution was found for (226)Ra and the highest for (228)Ra.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martina Rožmarić
- Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Bijenicka cesta 54, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia; Environment Laboratories, International Atomic Energy Agency, 4 Quai Antoine 1er, MC 98000, Monaco.
| | - Matea Rogić
- Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Bijenicka cesta 54, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Delko Barišić
- Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Bijenicka cesta 54, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Petra Planinšek
- Jozef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Determination of natural radioactivity by gross α and β measurements in tap waters in Rize province. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-014-3441-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
24
|
Erden PE, Dirican A, Seferinoğlu M, Yeltepe E, Şahin NK. 238U, 234U and 226Ra concentrations in mineral waters and their contribution to the annual committed effective dose in Turkey. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-014-3105-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
25
|
Turhan S, Ozçitak E, Taşkin H, Varinlioğlu A. Determination of natural radioactivity by gross alpha and beta measurements in ground water samples. WATER RESEARCH 2013; 47:3103-3108. [PMID: 23561491 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2013.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2012] [Revised: 03/08/2013] [Accepted: 03/11/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the activity concentrations of the gross α and β in ground water samples collected from the different drilled wells in Nevşehir province were measured to assess annual effective dose due to the ingestion of the water samples. Nevşehir province is one of the major cities of Cappadocia Region which is a popular tourist destination as it has many areas with unique geological, historic, and cultural features. Sampling and measurements were carried out in the autumn of 2011 and the spring of 2012. The values of the activity concentrations of the gross α and β measured in the water samples ranged from 80 to 380 mBq L(-1) with a mean of 192 mBq L(-1) and 120-3470 mBq L(-1) with a mean of 579 mBq L(-1) respectively. All values of the gross α were lower than the limit value of 500 mBq L(-1) while two ground water samples were found to have gross β activity concentrations of greater than 1000 mBq L(-1). Therefore two water samples were the subject of further radioisotope-specific analysis. The obtained result indicated that the elevated activity concentrations of the gross β in these water samples are dominated by (40)K activity. Annual effective doses ranged from 0.04 to 0.20 mSv y(-1).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Turhan
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Letters, University of Nevsehir, 50300 Nevsehir, Turkey
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Alrefae T. Investigation of 238U content in bottled water consumed in Kuwait and estimates of annual effective doses. HEALTH PHYSICS 2012; 102:85-89. [PMID: 22134083 DOI: 10.1097/hp.0b013e31822959de] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A study of the 238U content in bottled water consumed in Kuwait was performed. The bottled water samples originated from 16 different countries. Of the 41 investigated samples, 238U was detected in 23 samples in which the radionuclide's activity was determined. Consequently, it was found that activity levels of all samples were several of orders of magnitude below the guidance limits. Moreover, annual effective doses were estimated for three age groups, namely adults, children, and infants. As a result, it was found that the doses received by all age groups were several of orders of magnitude below the guideline levels. Hence, consumption of bottled water sold in Kuwait is safe for the presence of 238U.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tareq Alrefae
- * Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Kuwait University, Khaldia, Kuwait.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Yalcin S, Gurler O, Akar UT, Incirci F, Kaynak G, Gundogdu O. Measurements of radon concentration in drinking water samples from Kastamonu (Turkey). ISOTOPES IN ENVIRONMENTAL AND HEALTH STUDIES 2011; 47:438-445. [PMID: 22004332 DOI: 10.1080/10256016.2011.618270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Concentration of (222)Rn was determined in selected natural spring and tap water samples collected during spring and summer seasons from Kastamonu, Turkey. The aim of this work was to produce a map of the radon concentrations in water sources of the province and to determine any potential radiological risk for the local population. Radon measurements were performed by an AlphaGUARD radon gas analyser. The average radon concentrations were found to vary from 0.39±0.02 to 12.73±0.39 Bq l(-1) for natural springs and from 0.36±0.04 to 9.29±0.45 Bq l(-1) for tap water in spring, from 0.50±0.09 to 19.21±1.00 Bq l(-1) for natural springs and from 0.31±0.03 to 13.14±0.38 Bq l(-1) for tap water in summer. Furthermore, the results are compared with international recommendations and concentrations reported for other countries. Doses resulting from the consumption of these waters were calculated. The effective dose equivalents due to the intake of the (222)Rn present in these waters are expected to range from 0.93 to 32.54 μSv y(-1) in summer and from 0.80 to 49.09 μSv y(-1) in spring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sezai Yalcin
- Department of Science Education, Education Faculty, Kastamonu University, Kastamonu, Turkey
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Kobya Y, Damla N, Cevik U, Kobya AI. Radiochemical characterization of mineral waters in the Eastern Black Sea Region, Turkey. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2011; 182:415-422. [PMID: 21327484 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-011-1885-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2010] [Accepted: 01/25/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
This study has evaluated the levels of natural radionuclides and chemical components of mineral waters in the Eastern Black Sea Region (Turkey). The mean activity concentrations of (226)Ra, (232)Th, (137)Cs, (40)K, gross alpha and gross beta were found as 129, 33, 28, 714, 125 and 170 mBq L(-1), respectively. Due to consumption of mineral waters, the radiological impact of them on the inhabitants was calculated by taking the annual intake into account through ingestion of aforementioned radionuclides. The estimated effective doses from mineral water were found to be 13.20 μSv year(-1) ((226)Ra), 2.74 μSv year(-1) ((232)Th), 0.13 μSv year(-1) ((137)Cs) and 1.62 μSv year(-1) ((40)K). The overall contribution of these radionuclides to the committed effective dose from a year's consumption of mineral water in the region is therefore estimated to be only 17.69%, which is in concordance with the recommended WHO value (100 μSv year(-1)). The chemical analysis results showed that these waters contain Na, Al, P, Cl, K, Ca, V, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu and Zn elements. These values were evaluated and compared with the internationally verified values. This study provides important information for consumers and authorities because of their internal radiochemical exposure risk from mineral water intake.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasar Kobya
- Department of Physics, Artvin Çoruh University, Artvin, Turkey
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Tsai TL, Lin CC, Wang TY, Wei HJ, Men LC. Application of ICP-QMS for the determination of ultratrace-levels of 226Ra in geothermal water and sediment samples. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-010-0625-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
30
|
Somashekar RK, Ravikumar P. Radon concentration in groundwater of Varahi and Markandeya river basins, Karnataka State, India. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-010-0573-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
31
|
Damla N, Cevik U, Kobya AI, Ataksor B, Isik U. Assessment of environmental radioactivity for Batman, Turkey. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2010; 160:401-412. [PMID: 19083109 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-008-0704-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2008] [Accepted: 11/20/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The province of Batman, located in southern Anatolia, has a population of approximately 500,000. To our knowledge, there exists no information regarding the environmental radioactivity in this province. Therefore, gamma activity measurements in soil, building materials and water samples and an indoor radon survey have been carried out in the Batman province. The mean activity concentrations of the natural radionuclides (226Ra, 232Th and 40K) and a fission product (137Cs) were 35+/-8, 25+/-10, 274+/-167 and 12+/-7 Bq kg(-1), respectively, in the soil samples. The concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K in the selected building materials ranged from 18 to 48 Bq kg(-1), 8 to 49 Bq kg(-1) and 68 to 477 Bq kg(-1), respectively. All the calculated radium equivalent (Raeq) activity values of the building material samples are lower than the limit of 370 Bq kg(-1), equivalent to a gamma-dose of 1.5 mSv year(-1). The activity concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K in tap waters collected from the study area were determined with mean specific activity concentrations of 42+/-15, 35+/-9 and 524+/-190 mBq L(-1), respectively. Indoor radon measurements were made at 95 dwellings in Batman using a CR-39 detector. The radon concentration levels were found to vary from 23 to 145 Bq m(-3). The arithmetic mean of the measured radon concentration levels was found to be 84 Bq m(-3) with a standard deviation value of 23 Bq m(-3). The measurement results obtained in this study did not significantly differ from those taken in other parts of the country. The data generated in this study can be used to determine whether the Batman province is in a normal or high background radiation area and provides a valuable database for future estimations of the impact of radioactive pollution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nevzat Damla
- Department of Physics, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Kucukomeroglu B, Kurnaz A, Damla N, Cevik U, Celebi N, Ataksor B, Taskin H. Environmental radioactivity assessment for Bayburt, Turkey. JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGICAL PROTECTION : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RADIOLOGICAL PROTECTION 2009; 29:417-428. [PMID: 19690358 DOI: 10.1088/0952-4746/29/3/006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
This study assesses the results of environmental radioactivity measurements for Bayburt Province in the Eastern Black Sea area of Turkey. Using gamma-ray spectrometry, activity concentrations of the natural radionuclides (226)Ra, (232)Th and (40)K and a fission product (137)Cs were investigated in soil samples. The activity concentrations of (226)Ra, (232)Th and (40)K in various building materials such as sand, cement and marble and in drinking waters were determined. The activity concentrations vary from 16 to 54 Bq kg(-1) for (226)Ra, from 10 to 21 Bq kg(-1) for (232)Th and from 113 to 542 Bq kg(-1) for (40)K in building materials. The mean specific activity concentrations of (226)Ra, (232)Th and (40)K in drinking waters were 93, 30 and 504 mBq l(-1), respectively. The concentrations of gross alpha and beta radioactivity in drinking water samples collected from four different sampling stations have been determined. The results show that the gross alpha and beta activities are lower than the screening levels given by the World Health Organization (WHO), which are a maximum contaminant level of 0.5 Bq l(-1) and 1.0 Bq l(-1) gross alpha and beta radioactivity, respectively, in drinking water. Indoor radon measurements were made in 44 dwellings in Bayburt by using Cr-39 detectors. Radon concentrations in dwellings in Bayburt varied from 17 to 125 Bq m(-3) and the average value was 56 Bq m(-3). The results obtained in this study indicate that the region has a background radiation level that is within the typical natural range and shows no significant departures from other parts of the country.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Kucukomeroglu
- Department of Physics, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Ajayi OS, Achuka J. Radioactivity in drilled and dug well drinking water of Ogun state Southwestern Nigeria and consequent dose estimates. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2009; 135:54-63. [PMID: 19482882 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncp095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Activity concentrations of (40)K, (226)Ra, (228)Ac and (235)U were measured in 11 dug and 9 drilled well water samples from 3 large cities in Ogun state, Southwestern Nigeria, consumed by the population living in the cities. The measurement was done using co-axial type high-purity germanium (HPGe) detector (Canberra Industries Inc.). The measured activity concentrations in the water samples ranged from 1.74 +/- 1.83 to 4.69 +/- 0.17 Bq l(-1); 2.89 +/- 0.62 to 7.79 +/- 7.22 Bq l(-1); 0.35 +/- 0.07 to 1.17 +/- 0.40 Bq l(-1) and 0.18 +/- 0.05 to 4.77 +/- 0.34 Bq l(-1) for (40)K, (226)Ra, (228)Ac and (235)U, respectively. Total annual effective dose rates from the ingestion of these radionuclides in the untreated wells were estimated using measured activity concentrations in the radionuclides and their ingested dose conversion factors. Estimated annual effective dose rates ranged from 0.04 to 6.82; 0.01 to 1.36 and 0.01 to 1.49 mSv y(-1) for age groups <1, 2-7 and > or =17 y, respectively. Committed dose for age group > or =17 y ranged from 8.8 x 10(-4) to 8.9 x 10(-2) Sv. The calculated annual effective dose values due to the ingestion of (226)Ra in the Awujale, Ake, Saboab, Alagbon, Alapora and Totoro samples exceeded International Commission on Radiological Protection limit of 1.0 mSv y(-1) for individual public exposure. These wells are recommended for treatment that would remove radium from their waters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- O S Ajayi
- Department of Physics, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 704, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria
| | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Manzoor F, Alaamer AS, Tahir SNA. Exposures to 222Rn from consumption of underground municipal water supplies in Pakistan. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2008; 130:392-396. [PMID: 18440963 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncn156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents the results of radon ((222)Rn) concentration measurements in municipal supply drinking water in metropolitan Lahore city of Pakistan and evaluation of consequent radiological effects. In this respect, water samples were collected in all nine municipal towns of Lahore city and analysed employing a high-resolution gamma spectrometric system. Radon concentration varied from 2.0 +/- 0.3 to 7.9 +/- 2.1 Bq l(-1). Mean value of annual effective dose for an individual consumer was assessed to be 16.5 +/- 12.8 microSv y(-1). (222)Rn mean concentration measured in this study is comparable with the reported values for drinking water determined worldwide and found to be less than the limit of 100 Bq l(-1) recommended by the World Health Organisation for public water supplies. The results of this study may be helpful in establishing background levels of radon in drinking water that could be used not only to distinguish additional contributions when a contamination event occurs but also to implement water quality standards by the concerned authorities to maintain radioactive contamination free drinking water supplies for the population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Manzoor
- Faculty of Science, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Fatima I, Zaidi JH, Arif M, Tahir SNA. Measurement of natural radioactivity in bottled drinking water in Pakistan and consequent dose estimates. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2007; 123:234-40. [PMID: 16877468 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncl093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Natural radioactivity was determined in 11 different brands of commonly sold bottled drinking water in the federal capital Islamabad and Rawalpindi city of Pakistan using gamma spectrometry technique. Mean concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th and (40)K were found to be 11.3 +/- 2.3, 5.2 +/- 0.4 and 140.9 +/- 30.6 mBq l(-1), respectively. The annual cumulative effective doses due to all three natural radionuclides for different age groups of 1-5 y, 5-10 y, 10-15 y and adults (>or=18 y) were estimated to be 4.0, 3.4, 3.1 and 4.1 microSv y(-1), respectively. Among the three natural radionuclides, annual effective doses for all age groups from 226Ra were significant. Children in the age group of 1-5 y appeared to be at risk with respect to the annual effective doses from 226Ra as compared to the other age groups. Results obtained in this study are compared with the reported values from other countries of the world and it was observed that measured activity concentrations of three natural radionuclides in the bottled drinking water were lower than these values. Annual estimated effective doses for all four age groups from the intake of natural radionuclides in bottled drinking water were also found below the World Health Organisation (WHO) recommended limit of 0.1 mSv y(-1) as well as the average radiation dose of 0.29 mSv y(-1) received per head worldwide due to ingestion of natural radionuclides assessed by UNSCEAR (2000).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I Fatima
- Nuclear Chemistry Division, Pakistan Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology, PO Nilore, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|