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Rodríguez-Moro G, Román-Hidalgo C, Ramírez-Acosta S, Aranda-Merino N, Gómez-Ariza JL, Abril N, Bello-López MA, Fernández-Torres R, García-Barrera T. Targeted and untargeted metabolomic analysis of Procambarus clarkii exposed to a "chemical cocktail" of heavy metals and diclofenac. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 293:133410. [PMID: 34968517 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.133410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Water pollution poses an important problem, but limited information is available about the joined effects of xenobiotics of different chemical groups to evaluate the real biological response. Procambarus clarkii (P. clarkii) has been demonstrated to be a good bioindicator for assessing the quality of aquatic ecosystems. In this work, we studied the bioaccumulation of cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As) and diclofenac (DCF) in different tissues of P. clarkii during 21 days after the exposure to a "chemical cocktail" of As, Cd and DCF, and until 28 days considering a depuration period. In addition, a combined untargeted and targeted metabolomic analysis was carried out to delve the metabolic impairments caused as well as the metabolization of DCF. Our results indicate that As and Cd were mainly accumulated in the hepatopancreas followed by gills and finally abdominal muscle. As and Cd show a general trend to increase the concentration throughout the exposure experience, while a decrease in the concentration of these elements is observed after 7 days of the depuration process. This is also the case in the abdominal muscle for Cd, but not for As and DCF, which increased the concentration in this tissue in the depuration phase. The hepatopancreas showed the greatest number of metabolic pathways affected. Thus, we observed a crucial bioaccumulation of xenobiotics and impairments of metabolites in different tissues. This is the first study combining the exposure to metals and pharmaceutically active compounds in P. clarkii by untargeted metabolomics including the biotransformation of DCF.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Rodríguez-Moro
- Research Center for Natural Resources, Health and the Environment (RENSMA). Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of Huelva, Fuerzas Armadas Ave., 21007, Huelva, Spain
| | - C Román-Hidalgo
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012, Sevilla, Spain
| | - S Ramírez-Acosta
- Research Center for Natural Resources, Health and the Environment (RENSMA). Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of Huelva, Fuerzas Armadas Ave., 21007, Huelva, Spain
| | - N Aranda-Merino
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012, Sevilla, Spain
| | - J L Gómez-Ariza
- Research Center for Natural Resources, Health and the Environment (RENSMA). Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of Huelva, Fuerzas Armadas Ave., 21007, Huelva, Spain
| | - N Abril
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Severo Ochoa, E-14071, Córdoba, Spain
| | - M A Bello-López
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012, Sevilla, Spain
| | - R Fernández-Torres
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012, Sevilla, Spain.
| | - T García-Barrera
- Research Center for Natural Resources, Health and the Environment (RENSMA). Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of Huelva, Fuerzas Armadas Ave., 21007, Huelva, Spain.
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2
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Labine LM, Simpson MJ. Targeted Metabolomic Assessment of the Sub-Lethal Toxicity of Halogenated Acetic Acids (HAAs) to Daphnia magna. Metabolites 2021; 11:100. [PMID: 33578863 PMCID: PMC7916598 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11020100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Halogenated acetic acids (HAAs) are amongst the most frequently detected disinfection by-products in aquatic environments. Despite this, little is known about their toxicity, especially at the molecular level. The model organism Daphnia magna, which is an indicator species for freshwater ecosystems, was exposed to sub-lethal concentrations of dichloroacetic acid (DCAA), trichloroacetic acid (TCAA) and dibromoacetic acid (DBAA) for 48 h. Polar metabolites extracted from Daphnia were analyzed using liquid chromatography hyphened to a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer (LC-MS/MS). Multivariate analyses identified shifts in the metabolic profile with exposure and pathway analysis was used to identify which metabolites and associated pathways were disrupted. Exposure to all three HAAs led to significant downregulation in the nucleosides: adenosine, guanosine and inosine. Pathway analyses identified perturbations in the citric acid cycle and the purine metabolism pathways. Interestingly, chlorinated and brominated acetic acids demonstrated similar modes of action after sub-lethal acute exposure, suggesting that HAAs cause a contaminant class-based response which is independent of the type or number of halogens. As such, the identified metabolites that responded to acute HAA exposure may serve as suitable bioindicators for freshwater monitoring programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M. Labine
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George St., Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada;
- Environmental NMR Centre and Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Myrna J. Simpson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George St., Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada;
- Environmental NMR Centre and Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada
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3
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Tripp BA, Dillon ST, Yuan M, Asara JM, Vasunilashorn SM, Fong TG, Metzger ED, Inouye SK, Xie Z, Ngo LH, Marcantonio ER, Libermann TA, Otu HH. Targeted metabolomics analysis of postoperative delirium. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1521. [PMID: 33452279 PMCID: PMC7810737 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80412-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Postoperative delirium is the most common complication among older adults undergoing major surgery. The pathophysiology of delirium is poorly understood, and no blood-based, predictive markers are available. We characterized the plasma metabolome of 52 delirium cases and 52 matched controls from the Successful Aging after Elective Surgery (SAGES) cohort (N = 560) of patients ≥ 70 years old without dementia undergoing scheduled major non-cardiac surgery. We applied targeted mass spectrometry with internal standards and pooled controls using a nested matched case-control study preoperatively (PREOP) and on postoperative day 2 (POD2) to identify potential delirium risk and disease markers. Univariate analyses identified 37 PREOP and 53 POD2 metabolites associated with delirium and multivariate analyses achieved significant separation between the two groups with an 11-metabolite prediction model at PREOP (AUC = 83.80%). Systems biology analysis using the metabolites with differential concentrations rendered "valine, leucine, and isoleucine biosynthesis" at PREOP and "citrate cycle" at POD2 as the most significantly enriched pathways (false discovery rate < 0.05). Perturbations in energy metabolism and amino acid synthesis pathways may be associated with postoperative delirium and suggest potential mechanisms for delirium pathogenesis. Our results could lead to the development of a metabolomic delirium predictor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bridget A. Tripp
- grid.24434.350000 0004 1937 0060Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Nebraska Hall E419, P.O. Box 880511, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA ,grid.24434.350000 0004 1937 0060PhD Program of Complex Biosystems, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, USA
| | - Simon T. Dillon
- grid.239395.70000 0000 9011 8547Proteomics, Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, USA ,grid.38142.3c000000041936754XHarvard Medical School, Boston, USA ,grid.239395.70000 0000 9011 8547Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, USA
| | - Min Yuan
- grid.239395.70000 0000 9011 8547Division of Signal Transduction and Mass Spectrometry Core, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, USA
| | - John M. Asara
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XHarvard Medical School, Boston, USA ,grid.239395.70000 0000 9011 8547Division of Signal Transduction and Mass Spectrometry Core, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, USA
| | - Sarinnapha M. Vasunilashorn
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XHarvard Medical School, Boston, USA ,grid.239395.70000 0000 9011 8547Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, USA ,grid.38142.3c000000041936754XHarvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA
| | - Tamara G. Fong
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XHarvard Medical School, Boston, USA ,grid.239395.70000 0000 9011 8547Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, USA ,grid.38142.3c000000041936754XAging Brain Center, Marcus Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, Boston, USA
| | - Eran D. Metzger
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XDepartment of Medicine, Hebrew SeniorLife, Boston, USA ,grid.239395.70000 0000 9011 8547Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, USA
| | - Sharon K. Inouye
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XHarvard Medical School, Boston, USA ,grid.239395.70000 0000 9011 8547Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, USA ,grid.38142.3c000000041936754XAging Brain Center, Marcus Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, Boston, USA
| | - Zhongcong Xie
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XHarvard Medical School, Boston, USA ,grid.32224.350000 0004 0386 9924Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA
| | - Long H. Ngo
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XHarvard Medical School, Boston, USA ,grid.239395.70000 0000 9011 8547Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, USA ,grid.38142.3c000000041936754XHarvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA
| | - Edward R. Marcantonio
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XHarvard Medical School, Boston, USA ,grid.239395.70000 0000 9011 8547Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, USA
| | - Towia A. Libermann
- grid.239395.70000 0000 9011 8547Proteomics, Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, USA ,grid.38142.3c000000041936754XHarvard Medical School, Boston, USA ,grid.239395.70000 0000 9011 8547Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, USA
| | - Hasan H. Otu
- grid.24434.350000 0004 1937 0060Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Nebraska Hall E419, P.O. Box 880511, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA
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Yanagihara M, Nakajima F, Tobino T. Development and application of a metabolomic tool to assess exposure of an estuarine amphipod to pollutants in the environment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 752:141988. [PMID: 33207530 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Identifying major adverse effects on aquatic organisms in environmental samples is still challenging, and metabolomic approaches have been utilized as non-target screening techniques in the context of ecotoxicology. While existing methods have focused on statistical tests or univariate analysis, there is the need to further explore a multivariate analytical method that captures synergetic effects and associations among metabolites and toxicants. Here we show a new tool for screening sediment toxicity in the environment. First, we constructed predictive models using the metabolomic profiles and the result of exposure tests, to discriminate the toxic effects of target substances. The developed models were then applied to sediment samples collected from an actual urban area that contain chromium, nickel, copper, zinc, cadmium, fluoranthene, nicotine, and osmotic stress, incorporated with exposure tests of the benthic amphipod Grandidierella japonica. As a result, the fitted models showed high predictive power (Q2 > 0.71) and could detect toxicants from mixed chemical samples across a wide range of concentrations in test datasets. The application of the constructed models to river sediment and road dust samples indicated that almost all target substances were less toxic compared with the effects at LC50 levels. Only zinc showed slight increasing trends among samples, suggesting that the proposed method can be used for prioritization of toxicants. The present work made a direct connection between chemical exposures and metabolomic responses, and draws attention to the need for further studies on interactive mechanisms of metabolites in toxicological assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miina Yanagihara
- Department of Urban Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fumiyuki Nakajima
- Environmental Science Center, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Tomohiro Tobino
- Department of Urban Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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5
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Sheikholeslami MN, Gómez-Canela C, Barron LP, Barata C, Vosough M, Tauler R. Untargeted metabolomics changes on Gammarus pulex induced by propranolol, triclosan, and nimesulide pharmaceutical drugs. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 260:127479. [PMID: 32758777 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The presence of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in natural water resources due to incomplete removal in Wastewater Treatment Plants (WWTPs) is a serious environmental concern at present. In this work, the effects of three pharmaceuticals (propranolol, triclosan, and nimesulide) on Gammarus pulex metabolic profiles at different doses and times of exposure have been investigated by liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS). The complex data sets generated in the different exposure experiments were analyzed with the ROIMCR procedure, based on the selection of the MS regions of interest (ROI) data and on their analysis by the Multivariate Curve-Resolution Alternating Least Squares (MCR-ALS) chemometrics method. This approach, allowed the resolution and identification of the metabolites present in the analyzed samples, as well as the estimation of their concentration changes due to the exposure experiments. ANOVA Simultaneous Component Analysis (ASCA) and Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA) were then conducted to assess the changes in the concentration of the metabolites for the three pharmaceuticals at the different conditions of exposure. The three tested pharmaceuticals changed the concentrations of metabolites, which were related to different KEGG functional classes. These changes summarize the biochemical response of Gammarus pulex to the exposure by the three investigated pharmaceuticals. Possible pathway alterations related to protein synthesis and oxidative stress were observed in the concentration of identified metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa N Sheikholeslami
- Department of Clean Technologies, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Research Center of Iran, P.O. Box 14335-186, Tehran, Iran; Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Cristian Gómez-Canela
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Applied (Chromatography Section), School of Engineering, Institut Químic de Sarrià-Universitat Ramon Llull, Via Agusta 390, 08017, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Leon P Barron
- Dept. Analytical, Environmental & Forensic Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH, UK; Environmental Research Group, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, UK.
| | - Carlos Barata
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Maryam Vosough
- Department of Clean Technologies, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Research Center of Iran, P.O. Box 14335-186, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Roma Tauler
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
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6
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Kwak JI, Kim SW, Kim L, Cui R, Lee J, Kim D, Chae Y, An YJ. Determination of hazardous concentrations of 2,4-dinitrophenol in freshwater ecosystems based on species sensitivity distributions. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2020; 228:105646. [PMID: 33011648 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2020.105646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
2,4-dinitrophenol (2,4-DNP) is a phenolic compound used as a wood preservative or pesticide. The chemical is hazardous to freshwater organisms. Although 2,4-DNP poses ecological risks, only a few of its aquatic environmental risks have been investigated and very limited guidelines for freshwater aquatic ecosystems have been established by governments. This study addresses the paucity of 2,4-DNP toxicity data for freshwater ecosystems and the current lack of highly reliable trigger values for this highly toxic compound. We conducted acute bioassays using 12 species from nine taxonomic groups and chronic assays using five species from four taxonomic groups to improve the quality of the dataset and enable the estimation of protective concentrations based on species sensitivity distributions. The acute and hazardous concentrations of 2,4-DNP in 5% of freshwater aquatic species (HC5) were determined to be 0.91 (0.32-2.65) mg/L and 0.22 (0.11-0.42) mg/L, respectively. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a suggested chronic HC5 for 2,4-DNP and it provides the much-needed fundamental data for the risk assessment and management of freshwater ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Il Kwak
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Shin Woong Kim
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Lia Kim
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Rongxue Cui
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jieun Lee
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dokyung Kim
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yooeun Chae
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Youn-Joo An
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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7
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Ose K, Yamada F, Ohara A, Suzuki N, Fukuda T, Miyamoto M, Sumida K. A microarray‐based comparative analysis of gene expression profiles in thyroid glands in amphibian metamorphosis: differences in effects between chemical exposure and food restriction. J Appl Toxicol 2019; 39:1030-1042. [DOI: 10.1002/jat.3791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Ose
- Environmental Health Science LaboratorySumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd. 4‐2‐1, Takatsukasa Takarazuka City Hyogo 665‐8558 Japan
| | - Fumihiro Yamada
- Bioscience Research LaboratorySumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd., 3‐1‐98 Kasugade‐naka, Konohana‐ku Osaka City Osaka 554‐8558 Japan
| | - Ayako Ohara
- Bioscience Research LaboratorySumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd., 3‐1‐98 Kasugade‐naka, Konohana‐ku Osaka City Osaka 554‐8558 Japan
| | - Noriyuki Suzuki
- Bioscience Research LaboratorySumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd., 3‐1‐98 Kasugade‐naka, Konohana‐ku Osaka City Osaka 554‐8558 Japan
| | - Takako Fukuda
- Bioscience Research LaboratorySumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd., 3‐1‐98 Kasugade‐naka, Konohana‐ku Osaka City Osaka 554‐8558 Japan
| | - Mitsugu Miyamoto
- Environmental Health Science LaboratorySumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd. 4‐2‐1, Takatsukasa Takarazuka City Hyogo 665‐8558 Japan
| | - Kayo Sumida
- Bioscience Research LaboratorySumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd., 3‐1‐98 Kasugade‐naka, Konohana‐ku Osaka City Osaka 554‐8558 Japan
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8
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Wagner ND, Simpson AJ, Simpson MJ. Sublethal metabolic responses to contaminant mixture toxicity in Daphnia magna. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2018; 37:2448-2457. [PMID: 29920755 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic activity is increasing the presence of contaminants that enter waterways through wastewater effluent and urban and/or agricultural runoff, generally in complex mixtures. Depending on the mode of action of the individual contaminant within the mixture, toxicity can occur due to contaminants having similar or dissimilar modes of action. However, it is unknown how the metabolome responds to sublethal contaminant mixtures in the keystone genus Daphnia. In the present study we examined D. magna metabolic responses to acute sublethal exposure of propranolol, carbamazepine, and perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) as well as in binary (propranolol-carbamazepine, propranolol-PFOS, carbamazepine-PFOS) and tertiary mixtures (carbamazepine-propranolol-PFOS), all at 10% of the median lethal concentration of the population (LC50). The metabolome was measured using 1 H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and characterized using principal component analysis, regression analysis, and fold changes in metabolite relative to the unexposed (control) group. The averaged principal component analysis scores plots revealed that carbamazepine-PFOS and carbamazepine-propranolol-PFOS exposures were significantly different from the control treatment. After normalizing the toxicity of each contaminant, we found that some metabolites responded monotonically, whereas others displayed a nonmonotonic response with increasing toxicity units. The single contaminant exposures and 2 binary mixtures (propranolol-carbamazepine, and propranolol-PFOS) resulted in minimal changes in the identified metabolites, whereas the carbamazepine-PFOS and carbamazepine-propranolol-PFOS displayed increases in several amino acid metabolites and decreases in glucose. Overall, our results highlight the sensitivity of the metabolome to distinguish the composition of the contaminant mixtures, with some mixtures displaying heightened responses versus others. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018;37:2448-2457. © 2018 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole D Wagner
- Environmental NMR Centre and Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - André J Simpson
- Environmental NMR Centre and Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Myrna J Simpson
- Environmental NMR Centre and Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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9
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Metabolomics Discovers Early-Response Metabolic Biomarkers that Can Predict Chronic Reproductive Fitness in Individual Daphnia magna. Metabolites 2018; 8:metabo8030042. [PMID: 30041468 PMCID: PMC6160912 DOI: 10.3390/metabo8030042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemical risk assessment remains entrenched in chronic toxicity tests that set safety thresholds based on animal pathology or fitness. Chronic tests are resource expensive and lack mechanistic insight. Discovering a chemical's mode-of-action can in principle provide predictive molecular biomarkers for a toxicity endpoint. Furthermore, since molecular perturbations precede pathology, early-response molecular biomarkers may enable shorter, more resource efficient testing that can predict chronic animal fitness. This study applied untargeted metabolomics to attempt to discover early-response metabolic biomarkers that can predict reproductive fitness of Daphnia magna, an internationally-recognized test species. First, we measured the reproductive toxicities of cadmium, 2,4-dinitrophenol and propranolol to individual Daphnia in 21-day OECD toxicity tests, then measured the metabolic profiles of these animals using mass spectrometry. Multivariate regression successfully discovered putative metabolic biomarkers that strongly predict reproductive impairment by each chemical, and for all chemicals combined. The non-chemical-specific metabolic biomarkers were then applied to metabolite data from Daphnia 24-h acute toxicity tests and correctly predicted that significant decreases in reproductive fitness would occur if these animals were exposed to cadmium, 2,4-dinitrophenol or propranolol for 21 days. While the applicability of these findings is limited to three chemicals, they provide proof-of-principle that early-response metabolic biomarkers of chronic animal fitness can be discovered for regulatory toxicity testing.
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Zhang Z, Liang ZC, Zhang JH, Tian SL, Le Qu J, Tang JN, De Liu S. Nano-sized TiO 2 (nTiO 2) induces metabolic perturbations in Physarum polycephalum macroplasmodium to counter oxidative stress under dark conditions. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 154:108-117. [PMID: 29454986 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Nano-sized TiO2 (nTiO2) exerts an oxidative effect on cells upon exposure to solar or UV irradiation and ecotoxicity of the nTiO2 is an urgent concern. Little information is available regarding the effect of TiO2 on cells under dark conditions. Metabolomics is a unique approach to the discovery of biomarkers of nTiO2 cytotoxicity, and leads to the identification of perturbed metabolic pathways and the mechanism underlying nTiO2 toxicity. In the present study, gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC/MS)-based metabolomics was performed to investigate the effect of nTiO2 on sensitive cells (P. polycephalum macroplasmodium) under dark conditions. According to the multivariate pattern recognition analysis, at least 60 potential metabolic biomarkers related to sugar metabolism, amino acid metabolism, nucleotide metabolism, polyamine biosynthesis, and secondary metabolites pathways were significantly perturbed by nTiO2. Notably, many metabolic biomarkers and pathways were related to anti-oxidant mechanisms in the living organism, suggesting that nTiO2 may induce oxidative stress, even under dark conditions. This speculation was further validated by the biochemical levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), and total soluble phenols (TSP). We inferred that the oxidative stress might be related to nTiO2-induced imbalance of cellular ROS. To the best of our knowledge, the present study is the first to investigate the nTiO2-induced metabolic perturbations in slime mold, provide a new perspective of the mechanism underlying nTiO2 toxicity under dark conditions, and show that metabolomics can be employed as a rapid, reliable and powerful tool to investigate the interaction among organisms, the environment, and nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Zhang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-environmental Science, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Zhi Cheng Liang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-environmental Science, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Jian Hua Zhang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-environmental Science, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Sheng Li Tian
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-environmental Science, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Jun Le Qu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-environmental Science, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Jiao Ning Tang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Shi De Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-environmental Science, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
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Campos B, Colbourne JK. How omics technologies can enhance chemical safety regulation: perspectives from academia, government, and industry: The Perspectives column is a regular series designed to discuss and evaluate potentially competing viewpoints and research findings on current environmental issues. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2018; 37:1252-1259. [PMID: 29697867 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Campos
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA, CSIC), Jordi Girona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - John K Colbourne
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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12
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Zhang W, Zhao Y, Li F, Li L, Feng Y, Min L, Ma D, Yu S, Liu J, Zhang H, Shi T, Li F, Shen W. Zinc Oxide Nanoparticle Caused Plasma Metabolomic Perturbations Correlate with Hepatic Steatosis. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:57. [PMID: 29472859 PMCID: PMC5810292 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs), known for their chemical stability and strong adsorption, are used in everyday items such as cosmetics, sunscreens, and prophylactic drugs. However, they have also been found to adversely affect organisms; previously we found that ZnO NPs disrupt pubertal ovarian development, inhibit embryonic development by upsetting γ-H2AX and NF-κB pathways, and even disturb skin stem cells. Non-targeted metabolomic analysis of biological organisms has been suggested as an unbiased tool for the investigation of perturbations in response to NPs and their underlying mechanisms. Although metabolomics has been used in nanotoxicological studies, very few reports have used it to investigate the effects of ZnO NPs exposure. In the current investigation, through a metabolomics-based approach, we discovered that ZnO NPs caused changes in plasma metabolites involved in anti-oxidative mechanisms, energy metabolism, and lipid metabolism in hen livers. These results are in line with earlier findings that ZnO NPs perturb the tricarboxylic acid cycle and in turn result in the use of alternative energy sources. We also found that ZnO NPs disturbed lipid metabolism in the liver and consequently impacted blood lipid balance. Changes in plasma metabolomes were correlated with hepatic steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weidong Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yong Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fuli Li
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Lan Li
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yanni Feng
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lingjiang Min
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Dongxue Ma
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Shuai Yu
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Core Laboratories of Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Hongfu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tianhong Shi
- Institute of Poultry Science, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Fuwei Li
- Institute of Poultry Science, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Wei Shen
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
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Garreta-Lara E, Campos B, Barata C, Lacorte S, Tauler R. Combined effects of salinity, temperature and hypoxia on Daphnia magna metabolism. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 610-611:602-612. [PMID: 28822928 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.05.190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Revised: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic changes of Daphnia magna pools due different abiotic factors linked to global climate change (salinity, temperature and hypoxia) were investigated using untargeted GC-MS and advanced chemometric strategies using a three factors two-level full factorial experimental design (DoE). Effects of these three factors and identity of the metabolites whose concentrations changed because of them were investigated. The simultaneous analysis of GC-MS data sets using Multivariate Curve Resolution-Alternating Least Squares (MCR-ALS) allowed the resolution of the elution and mass spectra profiles of a large number of D. magna metabolites. Changes in peak areas of these metabolites were then analyzed by Principal Component Analysis (PCA), by ANOVA-Simultaneous Component Analysis (ASCA) and by Orthogonal Partial Least Squares-Discriminant Analysis (OPLS-DA), and the combined effects of the three investigated stressors were assessed. Results confirmed the strong influence of increasing environmental salinity levels on the D. magna metabolome. This impact was specially highlighted by changes on the cellular content of carbohydrates, fatty acids, organic acids and amino acid molecules. In contrast, these effects were less significant for the other two factors (temperature and hypoxia) at the moderate stressing experimental conditions investigated in this work when they were not combined with salinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elba Garreta-Lara
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, Barcelona 08034, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Bruno Campos
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, Barcelona 08034, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Carlos Barata
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, Barcelona 08034, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Silvia Lacorte
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, Barcelona 08034, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Romà Tauler
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, Barcelona 08034, Catalonia, Spain.
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Varano V, Fabbri E, Pasteris A. Assessing the environmental hazard of individual and combined pharmaceuticals: acute and chronic toxicity of fluoxetine and propranolol in the crustacean Daphnia magna. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2017; 26:711-728. [PMID: 28451857 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-017-1803-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceuticals are widespread emerging contaminants and, like all pollutants, are present in combination with others in the ecosystems. The aim of the present work was to evaluate the toxic response of the crustacean Daphnia magna exposed to individual and combined pharmaceuticals. Fluoxetine, a selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitor widely prescribed as antidepressant, and propranolol, a non-selective β-adrenergic receptor-blocking agent used to treat hypertension, were tested. Several experimental trials of an acute immobilization test and a chronic reproduction test were performed. Single chemicals were first tested separately. Toxicity of binary mixtures was then assessed using a fixed ratio experimental design. Five concentrations and 5 percentages of each substance in the mixture (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100%) were tested. The MIXTOX model was applied to analyze the experimental results. This tool is a stepwise statistical procedure that evaluates if and how observed data deviate from a reference model, either concentration addition (CA) or independent action (IA), and provides significance testing for synergism, antagonism, or more complex interactions. Acute EC50 values ranged from 6.4 to 7.8 mg/L for propranolol and from 6.4 to 9.1 mg/L for fluoxetine. Chronic EC50 values ranged from 0.59 to 1.00 mg/L for propranolol and from 0.23 to 0.24 mg/L for fluoxetine. Results showed a significant antagonism between chemicals in both the acute and the chronic mixture tests when CA was adopted as the reference model, while absence of interactive effects when IA was used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Varano
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences (BiGeA), University of Bologna, via Sant'Alberto 163,, Ravenna, 48123, Italy
| | - Elena Fabbri
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences (BiGeA), University of Bologna, via Sant'Alberto 163,, Ravenna, 48123, Italy
| | - Andrea Pasteris
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences (BiGeA), University of Bologna, via Sant'Alberto 163,, Ravenna, 48123, Italy.
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Luek JL, Schmitt-Kopplin P, Mouser PJ, Petty WT, Richardson SD, Gonsior M. Halogenated Organic Compounds Identified in Hydraulic Fracturing Wastewaters Using Ultrahigh Resolution Mass Spectrometry. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:5377-5385. [PMID: 28403606 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b06213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Large volumes of water return to the surface following hydraulic fracturing of deep shale formations to retrieve oil and natural gas. Current understanding of the specific organic constituents in these hydraulic fracturing wastewaters is limited to hydrocarbons and a fraction of known chemical additives. In this study, we analyzed hydraulic fracturing wastewater samples using ultrahigh resolution Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR-MS) as a nontargeted technique to assign unambiguous molecular formulas to singly charged molecular ions. Halogenated molecular formulas were identified and confirmed using isotopic simulation and MS-MS fragmentation spectra. The abundance of halogenated organic compounds in flowback fluids rather than older wastewaters suggested that the observed molecular ions might have been related to hydraulic fracturing additives and related subsurface reactions, such as through the reaction of shale-extracted chloride, bromide, and iodide with strong oxidant additives (e.g., hypochlorite, persulfate, hydrogen peroxide) and subsequently with diverse dissolved organic matter. Some molecular ions matched the exact masses of known disinfection byproducts including diiodoacetic acid, dibromobenzoic acid, and diiodobenzoic acid. The identified halogenated organic compounds, particularly iodinated organic molecules, are absent from inland natural systems and these compounds could therefore play an important role as environmental tracers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna L Luek
- University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science , Chesapeake Biological Laboratory, Solomons, Maryland United States
| | - Philippe Schmitt-Kopplin
- Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen , Research Unit Analytical BioGeoChemistry, Neuherberg, Germany
- Technische Universität München , Chair of Analytical Food Chemistry, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Paula J Mouser
- The Ohio State University , Department of Civil, Environmental and Geodetic Engineering, Columbus, Ohio United States
| | - William Tyler Petty
- Univeristy of South Carolina , Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Columbia, South Carolina United States
| | - Susan D Richardson
- Univeristy of South Carolina , Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Columbia, South Carolina United States
| | - Michael Gonsior
- University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science , Chesapeake Biological Laboratory, Solomons, Maryland United States
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16
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Kariuki MN, Nagato EG, Lankadurai BP, Simpson AJ, Simpson MJ. Analysis of Sub-Lethal Toxicity of Perfluorooctane Sulfonate (PFOS) to Daphnia magna Using ¹H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance-Based Metabolomics. Metabolites 2017; 7:metabo7020015. [PMID: 28420092 PMCID: PMC5487986 DOI: 10.3390/metabo7020015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Revised: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabolomics was used to characterize the response of Daphnia magna after sub-lethal exposure to perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), a commonly found environmental pollutant in freshwater ecosystems. Principal component analysis (PCA) scores plots showed significant separation in the exposed samples relative to the controls. Partial least squares (PLS) regression analysis revealed a strong linear correlation between the overall metabolic response and PFOS exposure concentration. More detailed analysis showed that the toxic mode of action is metabolite-specific with some metabolites exhibiting a non-monotonic response with higher PFOS exposure concentrations. Our study indicates that PFOS exposure disrupts various energy metabolism pathways and also enhances protein degradation. Overall, we identified several metabolites that are sensitive to PFOS exposure and may be used as bioindicators of D. magna health. In addition, this study also highlights the important utility of environmental metabolomic methods when attempting to elucidate acute and sub-lethal pollutant stressors on keystone organisms such as D. magna.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha N Kariuki
- Environmental NMR Centre and Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON M1C1A4, Canada.
| | - Edward G Nagato
- Environmental NMR Centre and Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON M1C1A4, Canada.
| | - Brian P Lankadurai
- Environmental NMR Centre and Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON M1C1A4, Canada.
| | - André J Simpson
- Environmental NMR Centre and Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON M1C1A4, Canada.
| | - Myrna J Simpson
- Environmental NMR Centre and Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON M1C1A4, Canada.
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Wagner ND, Simpson AJ, Simpson MJ. Metabolomic responses to sublethal contaminant exposure in neonate and adult Daphnia magna. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2017; 36:938-946. [PMID: 27571995 DOI: 10.1002/etc.3604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Revised: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The use of consumer products and pharmaceuticals that act as contaminants entering waterways through runoff and wastewater effluents alters aquatic ecosystem health. Traditional toxicological endpoints may underestimate the toxicity of contaminants, as lethal concentrations are often orders of magnitude higher than those found within freshwater ecosystems. While newer techniques examine the metabolic responses of sublethal contaminant exposure, there has been no direct comparison with ontogeny in Daphnia. It was hypothesized that Daphnia magna would have distinct metabolic changes after 3 different sublethal contaminant exposures, because of differences in the toxic mode of action and ontogeny. To test this hypothesis, the proton nuclear magnetic resonance metabolomic profiles were measured in D. magna aged day 0 and 18 after exposure to 28% of the lethal concentration of 50% of organisms tested (LC50) of atrazine, propranolol, and perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) for 48 h. Principal component analysis revealed significant separation of contaminants from the control daphnids in both neonates and adults exposed to propranolol and PFOS. In contrast, atrazine exposure caused separation from the controls in only the adult D. magna. Minimal ontogenetic changes in the targeted metabolites were seen after exposure to propranolol. For both atrazine and PFOS exposures ontogeny exhibited unique changes in the targeted metabolites. These results indicate that, depending on the contaminant studied, neonates and adults respond uniquely to sublethal contaminant exposure. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:938-946. © 2016 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole D Wagner
- Environmental NMR Centre and Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Scarborough, Ontario, Canada
| | - André J Simpson
- Environmental NMR Centre and Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Scarborough, Ontario, Canada
| | - Myrna J Simpson
- Environmental NMR Centre and Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Scarborough, Ontario, Canada
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18
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Taylor NS, White TA, Viant MR. Defining the Baseline and Oxidant Perturbed Lipidomic Profiles of Daphnia magna. Metabolites 2017; 7:metabo7010011. [PMID: 28294984 PMCID: PMC5372214 DOI: 10.3390/metabo7010011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Revised: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent technological advancement has enabled the emergence of lipidomics as an important tool for assessing molecular stress, one which has yet to be assessed fully as an approach in an environmental toxicological context. Here we have applied a high-resolution, non-targeted, nanoelectrospray ionisation (nESI) direct infusion mass spectrometry (DIMS) technique to assess the effects of oxidative stress to Daphnia magna both in vitro (air exposure of daphniid extracts) and in vivo (Cu2+ exposure). Multivariate and univariate statistical analyses were used to distinguish any perturbations including oxidation to the D. magna baseline lipidome. This approach enabled the putative annotation of the baseline lipidome of D. magna with 65% of the lipid species discovered previously not reported. In vitro exposure of lipid extracts to air, primarily to test the methodology, revealed a significant perturbation to this baseline lipidome with detectable oxidation of peaks, in most cases attributed to single oxygen addition. Exposure of D. magna to Cu2+ in vivo also caused a significant perturbation to the lipidome at an environmentally relevant concentration of 20 µg/L. This nESI DIMS approach has successfully identified perturbations and oxidative modifications to the D. magna lipidome in a high-throughput manner, highlighting its suitability for environmental lipidomic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine S Taylor
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Thomas A White
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Mark R Viant
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
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A complete workflow for high-resolution spectral-stitching nanoelectrospray direct-infusion mass-spectrometry-based metabolomics and lipidomics. Nat Protoc 2017; 12:310–328. [PMID: 28079878 DOI: 10.1038/nprot.2016.156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Metabolomic and lipidomic studies measure and discover metabolic and lipid profiles in biological samples, enabling a better understanding of the metabolism of specific biological phenotypes. Accurate biological interpretations require high analytical reproducibility and sensitivity, and standardized and transparent data processing. Here we describe a complete workflow for nanoelectrospray ionization (nESI) direct-infusion mass spectrometry (DIMS) metabolomics and lipidomics. After metabolite and lipid extraction from tissues and biofluids, samples are directly infused into a high-resolution mass spectrometer (e.g., Orbitrap) using a chip-based nESI sample delivery system. nESI functions to minimize ionization suppression or enhancement effects as compared with standard electrospray ionization (ESI). Our analytical technique-named spectral stitching-measures data as several overlapping mass-to-charge (m/z) windows that are subsequently 'stitched' together, creating a complete mass spectrum. This considerably increases the dynamic range and detection sensitivity-about a fivefold increase in peak detection-as compared with the collection of DIMS data as a single wide mass-to-charge (m/z ratio) window. Data processing, statistical analysis and metabolite annotation are executed as a workflow within the user-friendly, transparent and freely available Galaxy platform (galaxyproject.org). Generated data have high mass accuracy that enables molecular formulae peak annotations. The workflow is compatible with any sample-extraction method; in this protocol, the examples are extracted using a biphasic method, with methanol, chloroform and water as the solvents. The complete workflow is reproducible, rapid and automated, which enables cost-effective analysis of >10,000 samples per year, making it ideal for high-throughput metabolomics and lipidomics screening-e.g., for clinical phenotyping, drug screening and toxicity testing.
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Perhar G, Kelly NE, Ni FJ, Simpson MJ, Simpson AJ, Arhonditsis GB. Using Daphnia physiology to drive food web dynamics: A theoretical revisit of Lotka-Volterra models. ECOL INFORM 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoinf.2016.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Taylor NS, Kirwan JA, Yan ND, Viant MR, Gunn JM, McGeer JC. Metabolomics confirms that dissolved organic carbon mitigates copper toxicity. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2016; 35:635-644. [PMID: 26274843 DOI: 10.1002/etc.3206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Revised: 07/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Reductions in atmospheric emissions from the metal smelters in Sudbury, Canada, produced major improvements in acid and metal contamination of local lakes and indirectly increased dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations. Metal toxicity, however, has remained a persistent problem for aquatic biota. Integrating high-throughput, nontargeted mass spectrometry metabolomics with conventional toxicological measures elucidated the mediating effects of dissolved organic matter (DOM) on the toxicity of Cu to Daphnia pulex-pulicaria, a hybrid isolated from these soft water lakes. Two generations of daphniids were exposed to Cu (0-20 μg/L) at increasing levels of natural DOM (0-4 mg DOC/L). Added DOM reduced Cu toxicity monotonically with median lethal concentration values increasing from 2.3 μg/L Cu without DOM to 22.7 μg/L Cu at 4 mg DOC/L. Reproductive output similarly benefited, increasing with DOM, yet falling with increases in Cu. Second generation reproduction was more impaired than the first generation. Dissolved organic matter had a greater influence than Cu on the metabolic status of the daphniids. Putative identification of metabolite peaks indicated that DOM elevation increased the metabolic energy status of the first generation animals, but this benefit was reduced in the second generation, although evidence of increased oxidative stress was detected. These results indicate that Sudbury's terrestrial ecosystems should be managed to increase aquatic DOM supply to enable daphniid colonists to both survive and foster stable populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine S Taylor
- Department of Biology and Institute for Water Science, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
- Living with Lakes Centre, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jennifer A Kirwan
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Norman D Yan
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mark R Viant
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - John M Gunn
- Living with Lakes Centre, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
| | - James C McGeer
- Department of Biology and Institute for Water Science, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
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Nagato EG, Simpson AJ, Simpson MJ. Metabolomics reveals energetic impairments in Daphnia magna exposed to diazinon, malathion and bisphenol-A. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2016; 170:175-186. [PMID: 26655661 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2015.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Revised: 11/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
(1)H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabolomics was used to study the response of Daphnia magna to increasing sub-lethal concentrations of either an organophosphate (diazinon or malathion) or bisphenol-A (BPA). Principal component analysis (PCA) of (1)H NMR spectra were used to screen metabolome changes after 48h of contaminant exposure. The PCA scores plots showed that diazinon exposures resulted in aberrant metabolomic profiles at all exposure concentrations tested (0.009-0.135 μg/L), while for malathion the second lowest (0.08μg/L) and two highest exposure concentrations (0.32μg/L and 0.47μg/L) caused significant shifts from the control. Individual metabolite changes for both organophosphates indicated that the response to increasing exposure was non-linear and described perturbations in the metabolome that were characteristic of the severity of exposure. For example, intermediate concentrations of diazinon (0.045μg/L and 0.09μg/L) and malathion (0.08μg/L) elicited a decrease in amino acids such as leucine, valine, arginine, glycine, lysine, glutamate, glutamine, phenylalanine and tyrosine, with concurrent increases in glucose and lactate, suggesting a mobilization of energy resources to combat stress. At the highest exposure concentrations for both organophosphates there was evidence of a cessation in metabolic activity, where the same amino acids increased and glucose and lactate decreased, suggesting a slowdown in protein synthesis and depletion of energy stocks. This demonstrated a similar response in the metabolome between two organophosphates but also that intermediate and severe stress levels could be differentiated by changes in the metabolome. For BPA exposures, the PCA scores plot showed a significant change in metabolome at 0.1mg/L, 1.4mg/L and 2.1mg/L of exposure. Individual metabolite changes from 0.7 to 2.1mg/L of BPA exposure showed increases in amino acids such as alanine, valine, isoleucine, leucine, arginine, phenylalanine and tyrosine. These metabolite changes were correlated with decreases in glucose and lactate. This pattern of response was also seen in the highest organophosphate exposures and suggested a generalized stress response that could be related to altered energy dynamics in D. magna. Through studying increasing exposure responses, we have demonstrated the ability of metabolomics to identify discrete differences between intermediate and severe stress, and also to characterize how systemic stress is manifested in the metabolome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward G Nagato
- Environmental NMR Centre and Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - André J Simpson
- Environmental NMR Centre and Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Myrna J Simpson
- Environmental NMR Centre and Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada.
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García-Sevillano MÁ, García-Barrera T, Gómez-Ariza JL. Environmental metabolomics: Biological markers for metal toxicity. Electrophoresis 2015; 36:2348-2365. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201500052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2015] [Revised: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Ángel García-Sevillano
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, Faculty of Experimental Science; University of Huelva; Huelva Spain
- International Agrofood Campus of Excellence International ceiA3; University of Huelva; Spain
- Research Center of Health and Environment (CYSMA), University of Huelva; Huelva Spain
| | - Tamara García-Barrera
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, Faculty of Experimental Science; University of Huelva; Huelva Spain
- International Agrofood Campus of Excellence International ceiA3; University of Huelva; Spain
- Research Center of Health and Environment (CYSMA), University of Huelva; Huelva Spain
| | - José Luis Gómez-Ariza
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, Faculty of Experimental Science; University of Huelva; Huelva Spain
- International Agrofood Campus of Excellence International ceiA3; University of Huelva; Spain
- Research Center of Health and Environment (CYSMA), University of Huelva; Huelva Spain
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Ratnasekhar C, Sonane M, Satish A, Mudiam MKR. Metabolomics reveals the perturbations in the metabolome ofCaenorhabditis elegansexposed to titanium dioxide nanoparticles. Nanotoxicology 2015; 9:994-1004. [DOI: 10.3109/17435390.2014.993345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Nagato EG, Lankadurai BP, Soong R, Simpson AJ, Simpson MJ. Development of an NMR microprobe procedure for high-throughput environmental metabolomics of Daphnia magna. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2015; 53:745-53. [PMID: 25891518 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.4236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Revised: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 02/14/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is the primary platform used in high-throughput environmental metabolomics studies because its non-selectivity is well suited for non-targeted approaches. However, standard NMR probes may limit the use of NMR-based metabolomics for tiny organisms because of the sample volumes required for routine metabolic profiling. Because of this, keystone ecological species, such as the water flea Daphnia magna, are not commonly studied because of the analytical challenges associated with NMR-based approaches. Here, the use of a 1.7-mm NMR microprobe in analyzing tissue extracts from D. magna is tested. Three different extraction procedures (D2O-based buffer, Bligh and Dyer, and acetonitrile : methanol : water) were compared in terms of the yields and breadth of polar metabolites. The D2O buffer extraction yielded the most metabolites and resulted in the best reproducibility. Varying amounts of D. magna dry mass were extracted to optimize metabolite isolation from D. magna tissues. A ratio of 1-1.5-mg dry mass to 40 µl of extraction solvent provided excellent signal-to-noise and spectral resolution using (1)H NMR. The metabolite profile of a single daphnid was also investigated (approximately 0.2 mg). However, the signal-to-noise of the (1)H NMR was considerably lower, and while feasible for select applications would likely not be appropriate for high-throughput NMR-based metabolomics. Two-dimensional NMR experiments on D. magna extracts were also performed using the 1.7-mm NMR probe to confirm (1)H NMR metabolite assignments. This study provides an NMR-based analytical framework for future metabolomics studies that use D. magna in ecological and ecotoxicity studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward G Nagato
- Environmental NMR Centre and Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON, M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Brian P Lankadurai
- Environmental NMR Centre and Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON, M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Ronald Soong
- Environmental NMR Centre and Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON, M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - André J Simpson
- Environmental NMR Centre and Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON, M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Myrna J Simpson
- Environmental NMR Centre and Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON, M1C 1A4, Canada
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Kim HJ, Koedrith P, Seo YR. Ecotoxicogenomic approaches for understanding molecular mechanisms of environmental chemical toxicity using aquatic invertebrate, Daphnia model organism. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:12261-87. [PMID: 26035755 PMCID: PMC4490443 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160612261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Revised: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the rapid advent in genomics technologies and attention to ecological risk assessment, the term “ecotoxicogenomics” has recently emerged to describe integration of omics studies (i.e., transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and epigenomics) into ecotoxicological fields. Ecotoxicogenomics is defined as study of an entire set of genes or proteins expression in ecological organisms to provide insight on environmental toxicity, offering benefit in ecological risk assessment. Indeed, Daphnia is a model species to study aquatic environmental toxicity designated in the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development’s toxicity test guideline and to investigate expression patterns using ecotoxicology-oriented genomics tools. Our main purpose is to demonstrate the potential utility of gene expression profiling in ecotoxicology by identifying novel biomarkers and relevant modes of toxicity in Daphnia magna. These approaches enable us to address adverse phenotypic outcomes linked to particular gene function(s) and mechanistic understanding of aquatic ecotoxicology as well as exploration of useful biomarkers. Furthermore, key challenges that currently face aquatic ecotoxicology (e.g., predicting toxicant responses among a broad spectrum of phytogenetic groups, predicting impact of temporal exposure on toxicant responses) necessitate the parallel use of other model organisms, both aquatic and terrestrial. By investigating gene expression profiling in an environmentally important organism, this provides viable support for the utility of ecotoxicogenomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo Jeong Kim
- Institute of Environmental Medicine for Green Chemistry, Dongguk University Biomedi Campus 32, Dongguk-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 410-820, Korea.
- Department of Life Science, Dongguk University Biomedi Campus 32, Dongguk-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 410-820, Korea.
| | - Preeyaporn Koedrith
- Institute of Environmental Medicine for Green Chemistry, Dongguk University Biomedi Campus 32, Dongguk-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 410-820, Korea.
- Faculty of Environment and Resource Studies, Mahidol University, 999 Phuttamonthon 4 Rd., Phuttamonthon District, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand.
| | - Young Rok Seo
- Institute of Environmental Medicine for Green Chemistry, Dongguk University Biomedi Campus 32, Dongguk-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 410-820, Korea.
- Department of Life Science, Dongguk University Biomedi Campus 32, Dongguk-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 410-820, Korea.
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Long SM, Tull DL, Jeppe KJ, De Souza DP, Dayalan S, Pettigrove VJ, McConville MJ, Hoffmann AA. A multi-platform metabolomics approach demonstrates changes in energy metabolism and the transsulfuration pathway in Chironomus tepperi following exposure to zinc. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2015; 162:54-65. [PMID: 25781392 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2015.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Revised: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Measuring biological responses in resident biota is a commonly used approach to monitoring polluted habitats. The challenge is to choose sensitive and, ideally, stressor-specific endpoints that reflect the responses of the ecosystem. Metabolomics is a potentially useful approach for identifying sensitive and consistent responses since it provides a holistic view to understanding the effects of exposure to chemicals upon the physiological functioning of organisms. In this study, we exposed the aquatic non-biting midge, Chironomus tepperi, to two concentrations of zinc chloride and measured global changes in polar metabolite levels using an untargeted gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis and a targeted liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis of amine-containing metabolites. These data were correlated with changes in the expression of a number of target genes. Zinc exposure resulted in a reduction in levels of intermediates in carbohydrate metabolism (i.e., glucose 6-phosphate, fructose 6-phosphate and disaccharides) and an increase in a number of TCA cycle intermediates. Zinc exposure also resulted in decreases in concentrations of the amine containing metabolites, lanthionine, methionine and cystathionine, and an increase in metallothionein gene expression. Methionine and cystathionine are intermediates in the transsulfuration pathway which is involved in the conversion of methionine to cysteine. These responses provide an understanding of the pathways affected by zinc toxicity, and how these effects are different to other heavy metals such as cadmium and copper. The use of complementary metabolomics analytical approaches was particularly useful for understanding the effects of zinc exposure and importantly, identified a suite of candidate biomarkers of zinc exposure useful for the development of biomonitoring programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara M Long
- Centre for Aquatic Pollution, Identification and Management (CAPIM), School of BioSciences, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, 30 Flemington Road, Parkville, 3052, Australia.
| | - Dedreia L Tull
- Metabolomics Australia, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, 30 Flemington Road, Parkville, 3052, Australia.
| | - Katherine J Jeppe
- Centre for Aquatic Pollution, Identification and Management (CAPIM), School of BioSciences, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, 30 Flemington Road, Parkville, 3052, Australia; Centre for Aquatic Pollution, Identification and Management (CAPIM), School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, 3010, Australia.
| | - David P De Souza
- Metabolomics Australia, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, 30 Flemington Road, Parkville, 3052, Australia.
| | - Saravanan Dayalan
- Metabolomics Australia, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, 30 Flemington Road, Parkville, 3052, Australia.
| | - Vincent J Pettigrove
- Centre for Aquatic Pollution, Identification and Management (CAPIM), School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, 3010, Australia.
| | - Malcolm J McConville
- Metabolomics Australia, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, 30 Flemington Road, Parkville, 3052, Australia.
| | - Ary A Hoffmann
- Centre for Aquatic Pollution, Identification and Management (CAPIM), School of BioSciences, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, 30 Flemington Road, Parkville, 3052, Australia; School of BioSciences, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, 30 Flemington Road, Parkville, 3052, Australia.
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Wagner ND, Lankadurai BP, Simpson MJ, Simpson AJ, Frost PC. Metabolomic differentiation of nutritional stress in an aquatic invertebrate. Physiol Biochem Zool 2014; 88:43-52. [PMID: 25590592 DOI: 10.1086/679637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Poor diet quality frequently constrains the growth and reproduction of primary consumers, altering their population dynamics, interactions in food webs, and contributions to ecosystem services such as nutrient cycling. The identification and measurement of an animal's nutritional state are thus central to studying the connections between diet and animal ecology. Here we show how the nutritional state of a freshwater invertebrate, Daphnia magna, can be determined by analyzing its endogenous metabolites using hydrogen nuclear magnetic resonance-based metabolomics. With a multivariate analysis, we observed the differentiation of the metabolite composition of animals grown under control conditions (good food and no environmental stress), raised on different diets (low quantity, nitrogen limited, and phosphorus limited), and exposed to two common environmental stressors (bacterial infection and salt stress). We identified 18 metabolites that were significantly different between control animals and at least one limiting food type or environmental stressor. The unique metabolite responses of animals caused by inadequate nutrition and environmental stress are reflective of dramatic and distinctive effects that each stressor has on animal metabolism. Our results suggest that dietary-specific induced changes in metabolite composition of animal consumers hold considerable promise as indicators of nutritional stress and will be invaluable to future studies of animal nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole D Wagner
- Environmental and Life Sciences Graduate Program, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario K9J 7B8, Canada; 2Environmental NMR Centre and Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M1C 1A4, Canada; 3Department of Biology, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario K9J 7B8, Canada
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Scanlan LD, Reed RB, Loguinov AV, Antczak P, Tagmount A, Aloni S, Nowinski DT, Luong P, Tran C, Karunaratne N, Pham D, Lin XX, Falciani F, Higgins CP, Ranville JF, Vulpe CD, Gilbert B. Silver nanowire exposure results in internalization and toxicity to Daphnia magna. ACS NANO 2013; 7:10681-94. [PMID: 24099093 PMCID: PMC3912856 DOI: 10.1021/nn4034103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Nanowires (NWs), high-aspect-ratio nanomaterials, are increasingly used in technological materials and consumer products and may have toxicological characteristics distinct from nanoparticles. We carried out a comprehensive evaluation of the physicochemical stability of four silver nanowires (AgNWs) of two sizes and coatings and their toxicity to Daphnia magna . Inorganic aluminum-doped silica coatings were less effective than organic poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) coatings at preventing silver oxidation or Ag(+) release and underwent a significant morphological transformation within 1 h following addition to low ionic strength Daphnia growth media. All AgNWs were highly toxic to D. magna but less toxic than ionic silver. Toxicity varied as a function of AgNW dimension, coating, and solution chemistry. Ag(+) release in the media could not account for observed AgNW toxicity. Single-particle inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry distinguished and quantified dissolved and nanoparticulate silver in microliter-scale volumes of Daphnia magna hemolymph with a limit of detection of approximately 10 ppb. The silver levels within the hemolymph of Daphnia exposed to both Ag(+) and AgNW met or exceeded the initial concentration in the growth medium, indicating effective accumulation during filter feeding. Silver-rich particles were the predominant form of silver in hemolymph following exposure to both AgNWs and Ag(+). Scanning electron microscopy imaging of dried hemolymph found both AgNWs and silver precipitates that were not present in the AgNW stock or the growth medium. Both organic and inorganic coatings on the AgNW were transformed during ingestion or absorption. Pathway, gene ontology, and clustering analyses of gene expression response indicated effects of AgNWs distinct from ionic silver on Daphnia magna .
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Affiliation(s)
- Leona D. Scanlan
- University of California Berkeley, Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, 119 Morgan Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Robert B. Reed
- Colorado School of Mines, Department of Chemistry and Geochemistry, 1500 Illinois St., Golden, CO 80401
| | - Alexandre V. Loguinov
- University of California Berkeley, Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, 119 Morgan Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Philipp Antczak
- University of Liverpool Centre for Computational Biology and Modeling, Institute of Integrative Biology, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZB, United Kingdom
| | - Abderrahmane Tagmount
- University of California Berkeley, Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, 119 Morgan Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Shaul Aloni
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Materials Sciences Division, 1 Cyclotron Rd., MS 90-1116, Berkeley, CA, 94720
| | - Daniel Thomas Nowinski
- University of California Berkeley, Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, 119 Morgan Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Pauline Luong
- University of California Berkeley, Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, 119 Morgan Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Christine Tran
- University of California Berkeley, Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, 119 Morgan Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Nadeeka Karunaratne
- University of California Berkeley, Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, 119 Morgan Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Don Pham
- University of California Berkeley, Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, 119 Morgan Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Xin Xin Lin
- University of California Berkeley, Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, 119 Morgan Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Francesco Falciani
- University of Liverpool Centre for Computational Biology and Modeling, Institute of Integrative Biology, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZB, United Kingdom
| | - Chris P. Higgins
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Materials Sciences Division, 1 Cyclotron Rd., MS 90-1116, Berkeley, CA, 94720
| | - James F. Ranville
- Colorado School of Mines, Department of Chemistry and Geochemistry, 1500 Illinois St., Golden, CO 80401
| | - Chris D. Vulpe
- University of California Berkeley, Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, 119 Morgan Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720
- Address correspondence to
| | - Benjamin Gilbert
- Earth Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Earth Sciences Division, 1 Cyclotron Rd., MS 74-316C, Berkeley, CA, 94720
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Nagato EG, D'eon JC, Lankadurai BP, Poirier DG, Reiner EJ, Simpson AJ, Simpson MJ. (1)H NMR-based metabolomics investigation of Daphnia magna responses to sub-lethal exposure to arsenic, copper and lithium. CHEMOSPHERE 2013; 93:331-337. [PMID: 23732010 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.04.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2012] [Revised: 03/06/2013] [Accepted: 04/27/2013] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Metal and metalloid contamination constitutes a major concern in aquatic ecosystems. Thus it is important to find rapid and reliable indicators of metal stress to aquatic organisms. In this study, we tested the use of (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) - based metabolomics to examine the response of Daphnia magna neonates after a 48h exposure to sub-lethal concentrations of arsenic (49μgL(-1)), copper (12.4μgL(-1)) or lithium (1150μgL(-1)). Metabolomic responses for all conditions were compared to a control using principal component analysis (PCA) and metabolites that contributed to the variation between the exposures and the control condition were identified and quantified. The PCA showed that copper and lithium exposures result in statistically significant metabolite variations from the control. Contributing to this variation was a number of amino acids such as: phenylalanine, leucine, lysine, glutamine, glycine, alanine, methionine and glutamine as well as the nucleobase uracil and osmolyte glycerophosphocholine. The similarities in metabolome changes suggest that lithium has an analogous mode of toxicity to that of copper, and may be impairing energy production and ionoregulation. The PCA also showed that arsenic exposure resulted in a metabolic shift in comparison to the control population but this change was not statistically significant. However, significant changes in specific metabolites such as alanine and lysine were observed, suggesting that energy metabolism is indeed disrupted. This research demonstrates that (1)H NMR-based metabolomics is a viable platform for discerning metabolomic changes and mode of toxicity of D. magna in response to metal stressors in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward G Nagato
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON, Canada M1C 1A4
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Aliferis KA, Copley T, Jabaji S. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry metabolite profiling of worker honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) hemolymph for the study of Nosema ceranae infection. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2012; 58:1349-1359. [PMID: 22841888 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2012.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2012] [Revised: 07/16/2012] [Accepted: 07/17/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Here, we are presenting a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) approach for the study of infection of the worker honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) by the newly emerged obligate intracellular parasite Nosema ceranae based on metabolite profiling of hemolymph. Because of the severity of the disease, early detection is crucial for its efficient control. Results revealed that the parasite causes a general disturbance of the physiology of the honey bee affecting the mechanisms controlling the mobilization of energy reserves in infected individuals. The imposed nutritional and energetic stress to the host was depicted mainly in the decreased levels of the majority of carbohydrates and amino acids, including metabolites such as fructose, l-proline, and the cryoprotectants sorbitol and glycerol, which are implicated in various biochemical pathways. Interestingly, the level of glucose was detected at significantly higher levels in infected honey bees. Metabolomics analyses were in agreement with those of multiplex quantitative PCR analyses, indicating that it can be used as a complementary tool for the detection and the study of the physiology of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos A Aliferis
- Department of Plant Science, McGill University, 21111 Lakeshore Rd., Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, Canada H9X 3V9
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Dallas LJ, Keith-Roach M, Lyons BP, Jha AN. Assessing the Impact of Ionizing Radiation on Aquatic Invertebrates: A Critical Review. Radiat Res 2012; 177:693-716. [DOI: 10.1667/rr2687.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Whitfield Åslund ML, McShane H, Simpson MJ, Simpson AJ, Whalen JK, Hendershot WH, Sunahara GI. Earthworm sublethal responses to titanium dioxide nanomaterial in soil detected by ¹H NMR metabolomics. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2012; 46:1111-1118. [PMID: 22148900 DOI: 10.1021/es202327k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
¹H NMR-based metabolomics was used to examine the response of Eisenia fetida earthworms raised from juveniles for 20-23 weeks in soil spiked with either 20 or 200 mg/kg of a commercially available uncoated titanium dioxide (TiO(2)) nanomaterial (nominal diameter of 5 nm). To distinguish responses specific to particle size, soil treatments spiked with a micrometer-sized TiO(2) material (nominal diameter, <45 μm) at the same concentrations (20 and 200 mg/kg) were also included in addition to an unspiked control soil. Multivariate statistical analysis of the (1)H NMR spectra for aqueous extracts of E. fetida tissue suggested that earthworms exhibited significant changes in their metabolic profile following TiO(2) exposure for both particle sizes. The observed earthworm metabolic changes appeared to be consistent with oxidative stress, a proposed mechanism of toxicity for nanosized TiO(2). In contrast, a prior study had observed no impairment of E. fetida survival, reproduction, or growth following exposure to the same TiO(2) spiked soils. This suggests that (1)H NMR-based metabolomics provides a more sensitive measure of earthworm response to TiO(2) materials in soil and that further targeted assays to detect specific cellular or molecular level damage to earthworms caused by chronic exposure to TiO(2) are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa L Whitfield Åslund
- Environmental NMR Centre and Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M1C 1A4
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Southam AD, Lange A, Hines A, Hill EM, Katsu Y, Iguchi T, Tyler CR, Viant MR. Metabolomics reveals target and off-target toxicities of a model organophosphate pesticide to roach (Rutilus rutilus): implications for biomonitoring. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2011; 45:3759-67. [PMID: 21410251 PMCID: PMC3076994 DOI: 10.1021/es103814d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The ability of targeted and nontargeted metabolomics to discover chronic ecotoxicological effects is largely unexplored. Fenitrothion, an organophosphate pesticide, is categorized as a "red list" pollutant, being particularly hazardous to aquatic life. It acts primarily as a cholinesterase inhibitor, but evidence suggests it can also act as an androgen receptor antagonist. Whole-organism fenitrothion-induced toxicity is well-established, but information regarding target and off-target molecular toxicities is limited. Here we study the molecular responses of male roach ( Rutilus rutilus ) exposed to fenitrothion, including environmentally realistic concentrations, for 28 days. Acetylcholine was assessed in brain; steroid metabolism was measured in testes and plasma; and NMR and mass spectrometry-based metabolomics were conducted on testes and liver to discover off-target toxicity. O-demethylation was confirmed as a major route of pesticide degradation. Fenitrothion significantly depleted acetylcholine, confirming its primary mode of action, and 11-ketotestosterone in plasma and cortisone in testes, showing disruption of steroid metabolism. Metabolomics revealed significant perturbations to the hepatic phosphagen system and previously undocumented effects on phenylalanine metabolism in liver and testes. On the basis of several unexpected molecular responses that were opposite to the anticipated acute toxicity, we propose that chronic pesticide exposure induces an adapting phenotype in roach, which may have considerable implications for interpreting molecular biomarker responses in field-sampled fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D. Southam
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Anke Lange
- School of Biosciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4PS, United Kingdom
| | - Adam Hines
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth M. Hill
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, BN1 9QG, United Kingdom
| | - Yoshinao Katsu
- Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience, Okazaki 444-8787, Japan
| | - Taisen Iguchi
- Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience, Okazaki 444-8787, Japan
| | - Charles R. Tyler
- School of Biosciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4PS, United Kingdom
| | - Mark R. Viant
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
- Phone: +44(0)121 414-2219; fax: +44(0)121 414-5925; e-mail:
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35
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Lin S, Yang Z, Liu H, Cai Z. Metabolomic analysis of liver and skeletal muscle tissues in C57BL/6J and DBA/2J mice exposed to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2011; 7:1956-65. [PMID: 21465055 DOI: 10.1039/c1mb05057e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) has been demonstrated to have the adverse effects on human health. In this study, we applied a metabolomic approach in conjunction with unsupervised and supervised machine learning methods to investigate the toxic effects of TCDD. By using liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry, non-targeted metabolomic analysis revealed the metabolic signatures of the toxicity in aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)-high affinity C57BL/6J (C6) mice as well as low affinity strain-DBA/2J (D2) mice. Lysophospholipids and long chain fatty acids were strikingly elevated in the C6 mice exposed to TCDD in both liver and skeletal muscle tissues. Meanwhile, the level of palmitoylcarnitine, which is one of the important indicators in fatty acid β-oxidation, increased significantly. Moreover, several nucleosides and amino acids decreased markedly. On the other hand, much less differentiating metabolites were highlighted in another strain-D2 mouse model. Taking liver and skeletal muscle tissues together, the levels of inosine, valine and glutamine decreased significantly. One lysophospholipid and two fatty acids were found to be enhanced. The principal components analysis and support vector machine clustering results also exhibited discriminations in the liver and skeletal muscle tissues of the mice. The obtained results indicated that TCDD could disrupt several metabolic pathways, including fatty acid biosynthesis and amino acid metabolism in both C6 and D2 mice. The increased rate of fatty acid beta-oxidation, however, was only observed in the liver and skeletal muscle tissues of C6 mice. The perturbation of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle was testified in two strains but the change was much slighter in D2 mice. It was of particular interest to note that the succinate level was enhanced in the liver tissues of both strains, and particularly, the change was up to 11.49-fold in the liver of C6 mice treated with TCDD. Collectively, the discrimination of D2 mice was not as distinct as that of C6 mice when exposed to the same dosage. Furthermore, D2 was confirmed to be less-sensitive rather than resistant to a high dose of TCDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhai Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
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