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Wang N, Song M, Zhang Y, Liu X, Wu P, Qi L, Song H, Du N, Wang H, Zheng P, Wang R. Physiological responses of Quercus acutissima and Quercus rubra seedlings to drought and defoliation treatments. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 43:737-750. [PMID: 36708029 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpad005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Ongoing global climate change is increasing the risk of drought stress in some areas, which may compromise forest health. Such drought events also increase outbreaks of insect herbivores, resulting in plant defoliation. Interactions between drought and defoliation are poorly understood. In a greenhouse experiment, we selected a native species, Quercus acutissima Carr. and an alien species, Quercus rubra L. to explore their physiological responses to drought and defoliation treatments. After the treatments, we determined the seedlings' physiological responses on Days 10 and 60. Our results showed that the defoliation treatment accelerated the carbon reserve consumption of plants under drought stress and inhibited the growth of both seedling types. Under the drought condition, Q. rubra maintained normal stem-specific hydraulic conductivity and normal growth parameters during the early stage of stress, whereas Q. acutissima used less water and grew more slowly during the experiment. Sixty days after defoliation treatment, the stem starch concentration of Q. acutissima was higher than that of the control group, but the stem biomass was lower. This indicates that Q. acutissima adopted a 'slow strategy' after stress, and more resources were used for storage rather than growth, which was conducive to the ability of these seedlings to resist recurrent biotic attack. Thus, Q. acutissima may be more tolerant to drought and defoliation than Q. rubra. The resource acquisition strategies of Quercus in this study suggest that the native Quercus species may be more successful at a long-term resource-poor site than the alien Quercus species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Wang
- Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
- Shandong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Vegetation Ecology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
- Qingdao Forest Ecology Research Station of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Meixia Song
- Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
- Shandong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Vegetation Ecology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
- Qingdao Forest Ecology Research Station of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
- Shandong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Vegetation Ecology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
- Qingdao Forest Ecology Research Station of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
- Shandong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Vegetation Ecology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
- Qingdao Forest Ecology Research Station of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Pan Wu
- Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
- Shandong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Vegetation Ecology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
- Qingdao Forest Ecology Research Station of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Luyu Qi
- Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
- Shandong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Vegetation Ecology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
- Qingdao Forest Ecology Research Station of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Huijia Song
- Beijing Museum of Natural History, 126 Tianqiao South Street, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Ning Du
- Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
- Shandong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Vegetation Ecology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
- Qingdao Forest Ecology Research Station of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
- Shandong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Vegetation Ecology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
- Qingdao Forest Ecology Research Station of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Peiming Zheng
- Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
- Shandong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Vegetation Ecology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
- Qingdao Forest Ecology Research Station of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Renqing Wang
- Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
- Shandong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Vegetation Ecology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
- Qingdao Forest Ecology Research Station of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
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Different-Sized Vessels of Quercus variabilis Blume Respond Diversely to Six-Year Canopy and Understory N Addition in a Warm-Temperate Transitional Zone. FORESTS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/f13071075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Nitrogen is a necessary macroelement in plant growth and is usually considered a limiting factor in many forest ecosystems. Increasing N deposition has been reported to affect tree growth. However, the effects still remain controversial due to variable N fertilization methods used. In order to study the realistic responses of tree growth to increasing N deposition, we investigated effects of canopy and understory N addition on tree-ring growth and vessel traits of Quercus variabilis Blume. Since 2013, 50 kg N ha−1 year was applied monthly from April to December to either the canopy (CN) or understory (UN) of trees in a warm-temperate forest in Central China. During 2013–2018, tree-ring growth and vessel-related traits (mean vessel area, theoretical xylem hydraulic conductivity (KH), relative ratio of KH, etc.) were analyzed. Tree rings were negatively impacted by both CN and UN treatments, but only the effect of UN was significant. Neither CN nor UN significantly impacted the detected vessel traits. However, some diverging influencing trends were still showed in some vessel traits. Both CN and UN treatments positively affected the percentage of annual total vessel area and vessel density, with the effect of UN on vessel density being more severe. All the detected vessel traits of the large vessels formed at the beginning of the tree-ring responded positively to CN, whereas the opposite response to UN was showed on mean vessel area and the relative ratio of KH. All these diverging responses in different vessel traits likely reflected the compensation and trade-off between maximizing growth and adapting to CN and UN treatments. Six-year long N addition negatively and positively affected tree-ring growth and vessel traits of Q. variabilis in Central China, respectively. UN treatment could not fully simulate the real effect on tree growth, especially on the hydraulic architecture.
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Impacts of Canopy and Understory Nitrogen Additions on Stomatal Conductance and Carbon Assimilation of Dominant Tree Species in a Temperate Broadleaved Deciduous Forest. Ecosystems 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10021-020-00595-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Gutierrez Lopez J, Tor-Ngern P, Oren R, Kozii N, Laudon H, Hasselquist NJ. How tree species, tree size, and topographical location influenced tree transpiration in northern boreal forests during the historic 2018 drought. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2021; 27:3066-3078. [PMID: 33949757 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Trees in northern latitude ecosystems are projected to experience increasing drought stress as a result of rising air temperatures and changes in precipitation patterns in northern latitude ecosystems. However, most drought-related studies on high-latitude boreal forests (>50°N) have been conducted in North America, with few studies quantifying the response in European and Eurasian boreal forests. Here, we tested how daily whole-tree transpiration (Q, Liters day-1 ) and Q normalized for mean daytime vapor pressure deficit (QDZ , Liters day-1 kPa-1 ) were affected by the historic 2018 drought in Europe. More specifically, we examined how tree species, size, and topographic position affected drought response in high-latitude mature boreal forest trees. We monitored 30 Pinus sylvestris (pine) and 30 Picea abies (spruce) trees distributed across a topographic gradient in northern Sweden. In general, pine showed a greater QDZ control compared to spruce during periods of severe drought (standardized precipitation-evapotranspiration index: SPEI < -1.5), suggesting that the latter are more sensitive to drought. Overall, QDZ reductions (using non-drought QDZ as reference) were less pronounced in larger trees during severe drought, but there was a species-specific pattern: QDZ reductions were greater in pine trees at high elevations and greater in spruce trees at lower elevations. Despite lower QDZ during severe drought, drought spells were interspersed with small precipitation events and overcast conditions, and QDZ returned to pre-drought conditions relatively quickly. This study highlights unique species-specific responses to drought, which are additionally driven by a codependent interaction among tree size, relative topographic position, and unique regional climate conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Gutierrez Lopez
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Pantana Tor-Ngern
- Department of Environmental Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Environment, Health and Social Data Analytics Research Group, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Water Science and Technology for Sustainable Environment Research Group, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Ram Oren
- Division of Environmental Science & Policy, Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Forest Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nataliia Kozii
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Hjalmar Laudon
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Niles J Hasselquist
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
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Ziemińska K, Rosa E, Gleason SM, Holbrook NM. Wood day capacitance is related to water content, wood density, and anatomy across 30 temperate tree species. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2020; 43:3048-3067. [PMID: 32935340 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Water released from wood during transpiration (capacitance) can meaningfully affect daily water use and drought response. To provide context for better understanding of capacitance mechanisms, we investigated links between capacitance and wood anatomy. On twigs of 30 temperate angiosperm tree species, we measured day capacitance (between predawn and midday), water content, wood density, and anatomical traits, that is, vessel dimensions, tissue fractions, and vessel-tissue contact fractions (fraction of vessel circumference in contact with other tissues). Across all species, wood density (WD) and predawn lumen volumetric water content (VWCL-pd ) together were the strongest predictors of day capacitance (r2adj = .44). Vessel-tissue contact fractions explained an additional ~10% of the variation in day capacitance. Regression models were not improved by including tissue lumen fractions. Among diffuse-porous species, VWCL-pd and vessel-ray contact fraction together were the best predictors of day capacitance, whereas among semi/ring-porous species, VWCL-pd , WD and vessel-fibre contact fraction were the best predictors. At predawn, wood was less than fully saturated for all species (lumen relative water content = 0.52 ± 0.17). Our findings imply that day capacitance depends on the amount of stored water, tissue connectivity and the bulk wood properties arising from WD (e.g., elasticity), rather than the fraction of any particular tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasia Ziemińska
- Arnold Arboretum of Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Plant Ecology and Evolution, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Emily Rosa
- Department of Biology, Sonoma State University, Rohnert Park, California, USA
| | - Sean M Gleason
- United States Department of Agriculture - Agricultural Research Service, Water Management and Systems Research Unit, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - N Michele Holbrook
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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Moralejo E, Gomila M, Montesinos M, Borràs D, Pascual A, Nieto A, Adrover F, Gost PA, Seguí G, Busquets A, Jurado-Rivera JA, Quetglas B, García JDD, Beidas O, Juan A, Velasco-Amo MP, Landa BB, Olmo D. Phylogenetic inference enables reconstruction of a long-overlooked outbreak of almond leaf scorch disease (Xylella fastidiosa) in Europe. Commun Biol 2020; 3:560. [PMID: 33037293 PMCID: PMC7547738 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-01284-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent introductions of the bacterium Xylella fastidiosa (Xf) into Europe are linked to the international plant trade. However, both how and when these entries occurred remains poorly understood. Here, we show how almond scorch leaf disease, which affects ~79% of almond trees in Majorca (Spain) and was previously attributed to fungal pathogens, was in fact triggered by the introduction of Xf around 1993 and subsequently spread to grapevines (Pierceʼs disease). We reconstructed the progression of almond leaf scorch disease by using broad phylogenetic evidence supported by epidemiological data. Bayesian phylogenetic inference predicted that both Xf subspecies found in Majorca, fastidiosa ST1 (95% highest posterior density, HPD: 1990–1997) and multiplex ST81 (95% HPD: 1991–1998), shared their most recent common ancestors with Californian Xf populations associated with almonds and grapevines. Consistent with this chronology, Xf-DNA infections were identified in tree rings dating to 1998. Our findings uncover a previously unknown scenario in Europe and reveal how Pierce’s disease reached the continent. Eduardo Moralejo et al. report a phylogenetic reconstruction tracing the origin and progression of a European outbreak of the almond scorch disease pathogen Xylella fastidiosa (Xf). Their data suggest Xf was introduced into Europe via grafting from infected Californian buds and was subsequently spread by the meadow spittlebug to multiple plant hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Moralejo
- Tragsa, Empresa de Transformación Agraria, Delegación de Baleares, 07005, Palma de Majorca, Spain.
| | - Margarita Gomila
- Microbiology (Biology Department), University of the Balearic Islands, 07122, Palma de Majorca, Spain
| | - Marina Montesinos
- Tragsa, Empresa de Transformación Agraria, Delegación de Baleares, 07005, Palma de Majorca, Spain
| | - David Borràs
- Serveis de Millora Agrària i Pesquera, Govern de les illes Balears, 07009, Palma de Majorca, Spain
| | - Aura Pascual
- Tragsa, Empresa de Transformación Agraria, Delegación de Baleares, 07005, Palma de Majorca, Spain
| | - Alicia Nieto
- Serveis de Millora Agrària i Pesquera, Govern de les illes Balears, 07009, Palma de Majorca, Spain
| | - Francesc Adrover
- Serveis de Millora Agrària i Pesquera, Govern de les illes Balears, 07009, Palma de Majorca, Spain
| | - Pere A Gost
- Servei d'Agricultura, Conselleria d'Agricultura, Pesca i Alimentació; Govern de les illes Balears, 07006, Palma de Majorca, Spain
| | - Guillem Seguí
- Microbiology (Biology Department), University of the Balearic Islands, 07122, Palma de Majorca, Spain
| | - Antonio Busquets
- Microbiology (Biology Department), University of the Balearic Islands, 07122, Palma de Majorca, Spain
| | - José A Jurado-Rivera
- Laboratory of Genetics (Biology Department), University of the Balearic Islands, 07122, Palma de Majorca, Spain
| | - Bàrbara Quetglas
- Servei d'Agricultura, Conselleria d'Agricultura, Pesca i Alimentació; Govern de les illes Balears, 07006, Palma de Majorca, Spain
| | - Juan de Dios García
- Servei d'Agricultura, Conselleria d'Agricultura, Pesca i Alimentació; Govern de les illes Balears, 07006, Palma de Majorca, Spain
| | - Omar Beidas
- Servei d'Agricultura, Conselleria d'Agricultura, Pesca i Alimentació; Govern de les illes Balears, 07006, Palma de Majorca, Spain
| | - Andreu Juan
- Servei d'Agricultura, Conselleria d'Agricultura, Pesca i Alimentació; Govern de les illes Balears, 07006, Palma de Majorca, Spain
| | - María P Velasco-Amo
- Institute for Sustainable Agriculture, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IAS-CSIC), 14004, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Blanca B Landa
- Institute for Sustainable Agriculture, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IAS-CSIC), 14004, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Diego Olmo
- Serveis de Millora Agrària i Pesquera, Govern de les illes Balears, 07009, Palma de Majorca, Spain
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Durand M, Rose C, Dupouey JL, Legout A, Ponton S. Do tree rings record changes in soil fertility? Results from a Quercus petraea fertilization trial. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 712:136148. [PMID: 31945532 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.136148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Through the variations in their dimension, density, anatomy or isotopes composition, tree rings have provided invaluable proxies to evaluate past changes in the environment. Whereas long-term records of changes in soil fertility are particularly desired for forest ecosystem studies, the use of the chemical composition of tree rings as potential marker is still controversial. Dendrochemistry has sometimes been considered as a promising approach to study past changes in soil chemistry, whereas some authors stated that element translocations in the wood preclude any possibility of reliable retrospective monitoring. Here, we aimed at testing whether the wood elemental content of fertilized oaks (Quercus petraea) differed from control trees >30 years after a NPKCaMg fertilization and, if so, if the date of fertilization could be retrieved from the ring analysis. The contents in N, Mg, P, K, Ca and Mn were measured for each of the 43 sampled trees and in every ring of the 58-year long chronology with a non-destructive method coupling a Wavelength Dispersive Spectroscope (WDS) with a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The results showed significantly higher contents in Ca and lower contents in Mn in fertilized compared to control trees. However, there was no difference in elemental content between the rings of the fertilized trees built in the 20 years before and those built after fertilization. Thus, whereas the effect of fertilization on increasing ring width was dramatic, immediate and relatively short-lasting, the elemental composition of the entire ring sequence was impacted, precluding the dating of the event. These results question the possibility to reconstruct long-term changes in soil fertility based on dendrochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Durand
- Université de Lorraine, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR Silva, 54000 Nancy, France
| | - Christophe Rose
- Université de Lorraine, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR Silva, 54000 Nancy, France
| | - Jean-Luc Dupouey
- Université de Lorraine, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR Silva, 54000 Nancy, France
| | | | - Stéphane Ponton
- Université de Lorraine, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR Silva, 54000 Nancy, France.
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Teshera-Levye J, Miles B, Terwilliger V, Lovelock CE, Cavender-Bares J. Drivers of habitat partitioning among three Quercus species along a hydrologic gradient. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 40:142-157. [PMID: 31860720 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpz112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A critical process that allows multiple, similar species to coexist in an ecological community is their ability to partition local habitat gradients. The mechanisms that underlie this separation at local scales may include niche differences associated with their biogeographic history, differences in ecological function associated with the degree of shared ancestry and trait-based performance differences, which may be related to spatial or temporal variation in habitat. In this study we measured traits related to water-use, growth and stress tolerance in mature trees and seedlings of three oak species (Quercus alba L., Quercus falcata Michx. and Quercus palustris Münchh). which co-occur in temperate forests across the eastern USA but tend to be found in contrasting hydrologic environments. The three species showed significant differences in their local distributions along a hydrologic gradient. We tested three possible mechanisms that influence their contrasting local environmental distributions and promote their long-term co-existence: (i) differences in their climatic distributions across a broad geographic range, (ii) differences in functional traits related to water use, drought tolerance and growth and (iii) contrasting responses to temporal variation in water availability. We identified key differences between the species in both their range-wide climatic distributions (especially aridity index and mean annual temperature) and physiological traits in mature trees and seedlings, including daily water loss, hydraulic conductance, stress responses, growth rate and biomass allocation. Taken together, these differences explain the habitat partitioning that allows three closely related species to co-occur locally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Teshera-Levye
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Brianna Miles
- Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Edgewater, MD 21037, USA
- Center for Urban Environmental Research and Education University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA
| | - Valery Terwilliger
- Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Edgewater, MD 21037, USA
- Department of Geography and Atmospheric Science, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - Catherine E Lovelock
- Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Edgewater, MD 21037, USA
- School of Biological Science University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD Brisbane 4072, Australia
| | - Jeannine Cavender-Bares
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN 55108, USA
- Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Edgewater, MD 21037, USA
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Wason JW, Brodersen CR, Huggett BA. The functional implications of tracheary connections across growth rings in four northern hardwood trees. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2019; 124:297-306. [PMID: 31330537 PMCID: PMC6758585 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcz076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Deciduous angiosperm trees transport xylem sap through trunks and branches in vessels within annual growth rings. Utilizing previous growth rings for sap transport could increase vessel network size and redundancy but may expose new xylem to residual air embolisms in the network. Despite the important role of vessel networks in sap transport and drought resistance, our understanding of cross-ring connections within and between species is limited. METHODS We studied cross-ring connections in four temperate deciduous trees using dye staining and X-ray microcomputed tomography (microCT) to detect xylem connectivity across growth rings and quantify their impact on hydraulic conductivity. KEY RESULTS Acer rubrum and Fraxinus americana had cross-ring connections visible in microCT but only A. rubrum used previous growth rings for axial sap flow. Fagus grandifolia and Quercus rubra, however, did not have cross-ring connections. Accounting for the number of growth rings that function for axial transport improved hydraulic conductivity estimates. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that the presence of cross-ring connections may help explain aspects of whole-tree xylem sap transport and should be considered for plant hydraulics measurements in these species and others with similar anatomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay W Wason
- School of Forest Resources, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA
- School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- For correspondence. E-mail
| | - Craig R Brodersen
- School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
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Copini P, Vergeldt FJ, Fonti P, Sass-Klaassen U, den Ouden J, Sterck F, Decuyper M, Gerkema E, Windt CW, Van As H. Magnetic resonance imaging suggests functional role of previous year vessels and fibres in ring-porous sap flow resumption. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 39:1009-1018. [PMID: 30896019 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpz019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Reactivation of axial water flow in ring-porous species is a complex process related to stem water content and developmental stage of both earlywood-vessel and leaf formation. Yet empirical evidence with non-destructive methods on the dynamics of water flow resumption in relation to these mechanisms is lacking. Here we combined in vivo magnetic resonance imaging and wood-anatomical observations to monitor the dynamic changes in stem water content and flow during spring reactivation in 4-year-old pedunculate oaks (Quercus robur L.) saplings. We found that previous year latewood vessels and current year developing earlywood vessels form a functional unit for water flow during growth resumption. During spring reactivation, water flow shifted from latewood towards the new earlywood, paralleling the formation of earlywood vessels and leaves. At leaves' full expansion, volumetric water content of previous rings drastically decreased due to the near-absence of water in fibre tissue. We conclude (i) that in ring-porous oak, latewood vessels play an important hydraulic role for bridging the transition between old and new water-conducting vessels and (ii) that fibre and parenchyma provides a place for water storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Copini
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 47, AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Wageningen Environmental Research, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 47, AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Frank J Vergeldt
- Laboratory of Biophysics and MAGNetic resonance research FacilitY (MAGNEFY), Wageningen University & Research, Postbus 8128, 6700ET Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Patrick Fonti
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest Snow and Landscape Research WSL, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Ute Sass-Klaassen
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 47, AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan den Ouden
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 47, AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Frank Sterck
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 47, AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Mathieu Decuyper
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 47, AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Geo-Information Science and Remote Sensing, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 47, AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Edo Gerkema
- Laboratory of Biophysics and MAGNetic resonance research FacilitY (MAGNEFY), Wageningen University & Research, Postbus 8128, 6700ET Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Carel W Windt
- IBG-2: Plant Sciences, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Henk Van As
- Laboratory of Biophysics and MAGNetic resonance research FacilitY (MAGNEFY), Wageningen University & Research, Postbus 8128, 6700ET Wageningen, The Netherlands
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11
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Benson AR, Koeser AK, Morgenroth J. Estimating conductive sapwood area in diffuse and ring porous trees with electronic resistance tomography. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 39:484-494. [PMID: 30304488 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpy092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2017] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Accurately estimating sapwood area is essential for modelling whole-tree or stand-scale transpiration from point-flow sap-flux observations. In this study, we tested the validity of electrical resistance tomography (ERT) to locate the sapwood-heartwood (SW/HW) interface for two ring porous (Quercus nigra L. and Quercus virginiana Mill.) and one diffuse porous (Acer rubrum L.) species. Estimates derived from the ERT analyses were compared with the SW/HW interface measured following dye perfusion testing. The ERT results revealed spatial variation in electrical resistance, with higher resistivity in the inner part of the cross sections. Regression analyses showed that ERT was able to accurately account for 97% and 80% of the variation in sapwood area (calculated as R2) for Q. virginiana (n = 19) and Q. nigra (n = 7), respectively, and 56% of the variation in the diffuse porous species (n = 8). Root mean square error (RMSE) values for sapwood areas of the ring porous species were 11.12 cm2 (19%) and 25.98 cm2 (33%) for Q. virginiana and Q. nigra, respectively. Sapwood area estimates for diffuse wood carried greater error (RMSE = 33.52 cm2 (131%)). Model bias for all sapwood area estimates was negative, suggesting that ERT had a tendency to overestimate sapwood areas. Electrical resistance tomography proved to be a significant predictor of sapwood area in the three investigated species, although it was more reliable for ring porous wood. In addition to the results, a comprehensive code sequence for use with R statistical software is provided, so that other investigators may follow the same method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew R Benson
- New Zealand School of Forestry, University of Canterbury, Private Bag, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Andrew K Koeser
- Department of Environmental Horticulture, CLCE, IFAS, University of Florida - Gulf Coast Research and Education Center, Wimauma, FL, USA
| | - Justin Morgenroth
- New Zealand School of Forestry, University of Canterbury, Private Bag, Christchurch, New Zealand
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12
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Hu Y, Zhao P, Zhu L, Zhao X, Ni G, Ouyang L, Schäfer KVR, Shen W. Responses of sap flux and intrinsic water use efficiency to canopy and understory nitrogen addition in a temperate broadleaved deciduous forest. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 648:325-336. [PMID: 30121032 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.08.158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 08/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Increasing atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition could profoundly impact structure and functioning of forest ecosystems. Therefore, we conducted a two-year (2014-2015) experiment to assess the responses of tree sap flux density (Js) and intrinsic water use efficiency (WUEi) of dominant tree species (Liquidambar formosana, Quercus acutissima and Quercus variabilis) to increased N deposition at a manipulative experiment with canopy and understory N addition in a deciduous broadleaved forest. Five treatments were administered including N addition of 25 kg ha-1 year-1 and 50 kg ha-1 year-1 onto canopy (C25 and C50) and understory (U25 and U50), and control treatment (CK, without N addition). Our results showed neither canopy nor understory N addition had an impact on leaf N content and C:N ratio (P > 0.05). Due to the distinct influencing ways, canopy and understory N addition generated different impacts on Js and WUEi of the dominant tree species. Canopy N addition increased WUEi of Q. variabilis, whereas understory addition treatment had a minimal impact on WUEi. Both N additions did not exert impacts on WUEi of L. formosana and Q. acutissima. Canopy N addition exerted negative impacts on Js and its sensitivity to micrometeorological factors of Q. acutissima and Q. variabilis in 2014, while understory addition showed no effect. Neither canopy nor understory N addition had an influence on Js of L. formosana in 2014. Probably owing to the increased soil acidification as the experiment proceeded, Js of L. formosana and Q. variabilis was decreased by understory N addition while canopy addition had a minimal effect in 2015. Thus, the traditional understory addition approach could not fully reflect the effects of increased N deposition on the canopy-associated transpiration process indicated by the different responses of Js and WUEi to canopy and understory N addition, and exaggerated its influences induced by the variation of soil chemical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanting Hu
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Road Xingke 723, District Tianhe, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Ping Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Road Xingke 723, District Tianhe, Guangzhou 510650, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Road Xingke 723, District Tianhe, Guangzhou 510650, China.
| | - Liwei Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Road Xingke 723, District Tianhe, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Xiuhua Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Road Xingke 723, District Tianhe, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Guangyan Ni
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Road Xingke 723, District Tianhe, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Lei Ouyang
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Road Xingke 723, District Tianhe, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Karina V R Schäfer
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, 195 University Avenue, Newark 07102, NJ, USA; Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Rutgers University, 195 University Avenue, Newark 07102, NJ, USA
| | - Weijun Shen
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Road Xingke 723, District Tianhe, Guangzhou 510650, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Road Xingke 723, District Tianhe, Guangzhou 510650, China
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13
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Fernández-de-Uña L, Aranda I, Rossi S, Fonti P, Cañellas I, Gea-Izquierdo G. Divergent phenological and leaf gas exchange strategies of two competing tree species drive contrasting responses to drought at their altitudinal boundary. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 38:1152-1165. [PMID: 29718459 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpy041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In Mediterranean mountains, Pinus sylvestris L. is expected to be displaced under a warming climate by more drought-tolerant species such as the sub-Mediterranean Quercus pyrenaica Willd. Understanding how environmental factors drive tree physiology and phenology is, therefore, essential to assess the effect of changing climatic conditions on the performance of these species and, ultimately, their distribution. We compared the cambial and leaf phenology and leaf gas exchange of Q. pyrenaica and P. sylvestris at their altitudinal boundary in Central Spain and assessed the environmental variables involved. Results indicate that P. sylvestris cambial phenology was more sensitive to weather conditions (temperature at the onset and water deficit at the end of the growing season) than Q. pyrenaica. On the other hand, Q. pyrenaica cambial and leaf phenology were synchronized and driven by photoperiod and temperatures. Pinus sylvestris showed lower photosynthetic nitrogen-use efficiency and higher intrinsic water-use efficiency than Q. pyrenaica as a result of a tighter stomatal control in response to summer dry conditions, despite its less negative midday leaf water potentials. These phenological and leaf gas exchange responses evidence a stronger sensitivity to drought of P. sylvestris than that of Q. pyrenaica, which may therefore hold a competitive advantage over P. sylvestris under the predicted increase in recurrence and intensity of drought events. On the other hand, both species could benefit from warmer springs through an advanced phenology, although this effect could be limited in Q. pyrenaica if it maintains a photoperiod control over the onset of xylogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Fernández-de-Uña
- INIA-CIFOR, Ctra. La Coruña, km 7.5, Madrid, Spain
- Université de Lorraine, AgroParisTech, INRA, UMR Silva, INRA Grand Est-Nancy, Rue d'Amance, Champenoux, France
| | | | - Sergio Rossi
- Département des Sciences Fondamentales, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 555 Boulevard de l'Université, Chicoutimi (QC), Canada
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Patrick Fonti
- Swiss Federal Research Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, 111 Zürcherstrasse, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
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14
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Biotic and Abiotic Drivers of Sap Flux in Mature Green Ash Trees (Fraxinus pennsylvanica) Experiencing Varying Levels of Emerald Ash Borer (Agrilus planipennis) Infestation. FORESTS 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/f9060301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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15
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Improved Water Consumption Estimates of Black Locust Plantations in China’s Loess Plateau. FORESTS 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/f9040201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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16
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Fernández-de-Uña L, Rossi S, Aranda I, Fonti P, González-González BD, Cañellas I, Gea-Izquierdo G. Xylem and Leaf Functional Adjustments to Drought in Pinus sylvestris and Quercus pyrenaica at Their Elevational Boundary. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1200. [PMID: 28744292 PMCID: PMC5504171 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Climatic scenarios for the Mediterranean region forecast increasing frequency and intensity of drought events. Consequently, a reduction in Pinus sylvestris L. distribution range is projected within the region, with this species being outcompeted at lower elevations by more drought-tolerant taxa such as Quercus pyrenaica Willd. The functional response of these species to the projected shifts in water availability will partially determine their performance and, thus, their competitive success under these changing climatic conditions. We studied how the cambial and leaf phenology and xylem anatomy of these two species responded to a 3-year rainfall exclusion experiment set at their elevational boundary in Central Spain. Additionally, P. sylvestris leaf gas exchange, water potential and carbon isotope content response to the treatment were measured. Likewise, we assessed inter-annual variability in the studied functional traits under control and rainfall exclusion conditions. Prolonged exposure to drier conditions did not affect the onset of xylogenesis in either of the studied species, whereas xylem formation ceased 1-3 weeks earlier in P. sylvestris. The rainfall exclusion had, however, no effect on leaf phenology on either species, which suggests that cambial phenology is more sensitive to drought than leaf phenology. P. sylvestris formed fewer, but larger tracheids under dry conditions and reduced the proportion of latewood in the tree ring. On the other hand, Q. pyrenaica did not suffer earlywood hydraulic diameter changes under rainfall exclusion, but experienced a cumulative reduction in latewood width, which could ultimately challenge its hydraulic performance. The phenological and anatomical response of the studied species to drought is consistent with a shift in resource allocation under drought stress from xylem to other sinks. Additionally, the tighter stomatal control and higher intrinsic water use efficiency observed in drought-stressed P. sylvestris may eventually limit carbon uptake in this species. Our results suggest that both species are potentially vulnerable to the forecasted increase in drought stress, although P. sylvestris might experience a higher risk of drought-induced decline at its low elevational limit.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sergio Rossi
- Département des Sciences Fondamentales, Université du Québec à ChicoutimiChicoutimi, Canada
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou, China
| | - Ismael Aranda
- Department of Forest Ecology and Genetics, INIA-CIFORMadrid, Spain
| | - Patrick Fonti
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSLBirmensdorf, Switzerland
| | | | - Isabel Cañellas
- Department of Silviculture and Management of Forest Systems, INIA-CIFORMadrid, Spain
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17
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Lavrič M, Eler K, Ferlan M, Vodnik D, Gričar J. Chronological Sequence of Leaf Phenology, Xylem and Phloem Formation and Sap Flow of Quercus pubescens from Abandoned Karst Grasslands. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:314. [PMID: 28321232 PMCID: PMC5337753 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Intra-annual variations in leaf development, radial growth, including the phloem part, and sap flow have rarely been studied in deciduous trees from drought-prone environments. In order to understand better the chronological order and temporal course of these processes, we monitored leaf phenology, xylem and phloem formation and sap flow in Quercus pubescens from abandoned karst grasslands in Slovenia during the growing season of 2014. We found that the initial earlywood vessel formation started before bud opening at the beginning of April. Buds started to open in the second half of April and full leaf unfolding occurred by the end of May. LAI values increased correspondingly with leaf development. About 28% of xylem and 22% of phloem annual increment were formed by the time of bud break. Initial earlywood vessels were fully lignified and ready for water transport, indicating that they are essential to provide hydraulic conductivity for axial water flow during leaf development. Sap flow became active and increasing contemporarily with leaf development and LAI values. Similar early spring patterns of xylem sap flow and LAI denoted that water transport in oaks broadly followed canopy leaf area development. In the initial 3 weeks of radial growth, phloem growth preceded that of xylem, indicating its priority over xylem at the beginning of the growing season. This may be related to the fact that after bud break, the developing foliage is a very large sink for carbohydrates but, at the same time, represents a small transpirational area. Whether the interdependence of the chronological sequence of the studied processes is fixed in Q. pubescens needs to be confirmed with more data and several years of analyses, although the 'correct sequence' of processes is essential for synchronized plant performance and response to environmental stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Lavrič
- Department of Yield and Silviculture, Slovenian Forestry InstituteLjubljana, Slovenia
| | - Klemen Eler
- Department of Agronomy, Biotechnical Faculty, University of LjubljanaLjubljana, Slovenia
- Department of Forest Ecology, Slovenian Forestry InstituteLjubljana, Slovenia
| | - Mitja Ferlan
- Department of Forest Ecology, Slovenian Forestry InstituteLjubljana, Slovenia
| | - Dominik Vodnik
- Department of Agronomy, Biotechnical Faculty, University of LjubljanaLjubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jožica Gričar
- Department of Yield and Silviculture, Slovenian Forestry InstituteLjubljana, Slovenia
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18
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Derbidge R, Baumgartner S, Heusser P. Mistletoe Berry Outline Mapping with a Path Curve Function and Recording the Circadian Rhythm of Their Phenotypic Shape Change. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1749. [PMID: 27933073 PMCID: PMC5122707 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents a discovery: the change of the outline shape of mistletoe (Viscum album ssp. album) berries in vivo and in situ during ripening. It was found that a plant organ that is usually considered to merely increase in size actually changes shape in a specific rhythmic fashion. We introduce a new approach to chronobiological research on a macro-phenotypic scale to trace changes over long periods of time (with a resolution from hours to months) by using a dynamic form-determining parameter called Lambda (λ). λ is known in projective geometry as a measure for pertinent features of the outline shapes of egg-like forms, so called path curves. Ascertained circadian changes of form were analyzed for their correlation with environmental factors such as light, temperature, and other weather influences. Certain weather conditions such as sky cover, i.e., sunshine minutes per hour, have an impact on the amplitude of the daily change in form. The present paper suggests a possible supplement to established methods in chronobiology, as in this case the dynamic of form-change becomes a measurable feature, displaying a convincing accordance between mathematical rule and plant shape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renatus Derbidge
- Institute of Integrative Medicine, University of Witten/HerdeckeWitten, Germany
- Research Institute at the Goetheanum, Science SectionDornach, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Baumgartner
- Institute of Integrative Medicine, University of Witten/HerdeckeWitten, Germany
- Hiscia Institute, Society for Cancer ResearchArlesheim, Switzerland
| | - Peter Heusser
- Institute of Integrative Medicine, University of Witten/HerdeckeWitten, Germany
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19
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Berdanier AB, Miniat CF, Clark JS. Predictive models for radial sap flux variation in coniferous, diffuse-porous and ring-porous temperate trees. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 36:932-941. [PMID: 27126230 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpw027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Accurately scaling sap flux observations to tree or stand levels requires accounting for variation in sap flux between wood types and by depth into the tree. However, existing models for radial variation in axial sap flux are rarely used because they are difficult to implement, there is uncertainty about their predictive ability and calibration measurements are often unavailable. Here we compare different models with a diverse sap flux data set to test the hypotheses that radial profiles differ by wood type and tree size. We show that radial variation in sap flux is dependent on wood type but independent of tree size for a range of temperate trees. The best-fitting model predicted out-of-sample sap flux observations and independent estimates of sapwood area with small errors, suggesting robustness in the new settings. We develop a method for predicting whole-tree water use with this model and include computer code for simple implementation in other studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron B Berdanier
- University Program in Ecology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA Nicholas School of the Environment, Levine Science Research Center A311, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Chelcy F Miniat
- Coweeta Hydrologic Lab, USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, Otto, NC 28763, USA
| | - James S Clark
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Levine Science Research Center A311, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA Department of Statistical Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
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20
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Juice SM, Templer PH, Phillips NG, Ellison AM, Pelini SL. Ecosystem warming increases sap flow rates of northern red oak trees. Ecosphere 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.1221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Pamela H. Templer
- Department of Biology Boston University Boston Massachusetts 02215 USA
| | - Nathan G. Phillips
- Department of Earth and Environment Boston University Boston Massachusetts 02215 USA
| | - Aaron M. Ellison
- Harvard University Harvard Forest Petersham Massachusetts 01366 USA
| | - Shannon L. Pelini
- Department of Biological Sciences Bowling Green State University Bowling Green Ohio 43403 USA
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21
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Hafner P, Gričar J, Skudnik M, Levanič T. Variations in Environmental Signals in Tree-Ring Indices in Trees with Different Growth Potential. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0143918. [PMID: 26619344 PMCID: PMC4664244 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0143918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
We analysed two groups of Quercus robur trees, growing at nearby plots with different micro-location condition (W-wet and D-dry) in the floodplain Krakovo forest, Slovenia. In the study we compared the growth response of two different tree groups to environmental variables, the potential signal stored in earlywood (EW) structure and the potential difference of the information stored in carbon isotope discrimination of EW and latewood (LW). For that purpose EW and LW widths and carbon isotope discrimination for the period 1970–2008 AD were measured. EW and LW widths were measured on stained microscopic slides and chronologies were standardised using the ARSTAN program. α-cellulose was extracted from pooled EW and LW samples and homogenized samples were further analysed using an elemental analyser and IRMS. We discovered that W oaks grew significantly better over the whole analysed period. The difference between D and W oaks was significant in all analysed variables with the exception of stable carbon isotope discrimination in latewood. In W oaks, latewood widths correlated with summer (June to August) climatic variables, while carbon isotope discrimination was more connected to River Krka flow during the summer. EW discrimination correlated with summer and autumn River Krka flow of the previous year, while latewood discrimination correlated with flow during the current year. In the case of D oaks, the environmental signal appears to be vague, probably due to less favourable growth conditions resulting in markedly reduced increments. Our study revealed important differences in responses to environmental factors between the two oak groups of different physiological conditions that are preconditioned by environmental stress. Environmental information stored in tree-ring features may vary, even within the same forest stand, and largely depends on the micro-environment. Our analysis confirmed our assumptions that separate EW and LW analysis of widths and carbon isotope discrimination provides complementary information in Q. robur dendroecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polona Hafner
- Department of Forest Yield and Silviculture, Slovenian Forestry Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- * E-mail: (JG); (PH)
| | - Jožica Gričar
- Department of Forest Yield and Silviculture, Slovenian Forestry Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- * E-mail: (JG); (PH)
| | - Mitja Skudnik
- Department of Forest and Landscape Planning and Monitoring, Slovenian Forestry Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tom Levanič
- Department of Forest Yield and Silviculture, Slovenian Forestry Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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22
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Trouvé R, Bontemps JD, Seynave I, Collet C, Lebourgeois F. Stand density, tree social status and water stress influence allocation in height and diameter growth of Quercus petraea (Liebl.). TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 35:1035-46. [PMID: 26232785 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpv067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Even-aged forest stands are competitive communities where competition for light gives advantages to tall individuals, thereby inducing a race for height. These same individuals must however balance this competitive advantage with height-related mechanical and hydraulic risks. These phenomena may induce variations in height-diameter growth relationships, with primary dependences on stand density and tree social status as proxies for competition pressure and access to light, and on availability of local environmental resources, including water. We aimed to investigate the effects of stand density, tree social status and water stress on the individual height-circumference growth allocation (Δh-Δc), in even-aged stands of Quercus petraea Liebl. (sessile oak). Within-stand Δc was used as surrogate for tree social status. We used an original long-term experimental plot network, set up in the species production area in France, and designed to explore stand dynamics on a maximum density gradient. Growth allocation was modelled statistically by relating the shape of the Δh-Δc relationship to stand density, stand age and water deficit. The shape of the Δh-Δc relationship shifted from linear with a moderate slope in open-grown stands to concave saturating with an initial steep slope in closed stands. Maximum height growth was found to follow a typical mono-modal response to stand age. In open-grown stands, increasing summer soil water deficit was found to decrease height growth relative to radial growth, suggesting hydraulic constraints on height growth. A similar pattern was found in closed stands, the magnitude of the effect however lowering from suppressed to dominant trees. We highlight the high phenotypic plasticity of growth in sessile oak trees that further adapt their allocation scheme to their environment. Stand density and tree social status were major drivers of growth allocation variations, while water stress had a detrimental effect on height in the Δh-Δc allocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphaël Trouvé
- AgroParisTech, Centre de Nancy, UMR 1092 INRA/AgroParisTech Laboratoire d'Étude des Ressources Forêt Bois (LERFoB), 14 rue Girardet, 54000 Nancy, France INRA, Centre de Nancy-Lorraine, UMR1092 INRA/AgroParisTech Laboratoire d'Étude des Ressources Forêt Bois (LERFoB), 54280 Champenoux, France
| | - Jean-Daniel Bontemps
- AgroParisTech, Centre de Nancy, UMR 1092 INRA/AgroParisTech Laboratoire d'Étude des Ressources Forêt Bois (LERFoB), 14 rue Girardet, 54000 Nancy, France INRA, Centre de Nancy-Lorraine, UMR1092 INRA/AgroParisTech Laboratoire d'Étude des Ressources Forêt Bois (LERFoB), 54280 Champenoux, France
| | - Ingrid Seynave
- AgroParisTech, Centre de Nancy, UMR 1092 INRA/AgroParisTech Laboratoire d'Étude des Ressources Forêt Bois (LERFoB), 14 rue Girardet, 54000 Nancy, France INRA, Centre de Nancy-Lorraine, UMR1092 INRA/AgroParisTech Laboratoire d'Étude des Ressources Forêt Bois (LERFoB), 54280 Champenoux, France
| | - Catherine Collet
- AgroParisTech, Centre de Nancy, UMR 1092 INRA/AgroParisTech Laboratoire d'Étude des Ressources Forêt Bois (LERFoB), 14 rue Girardet, 54000 Nancy, France INRA, Centre de Nancy-Lorraine, UMR1092 INRA/AgroParisTech Laboratoire d'Étude des Ressources Forêt Bois (LERFoB), 54280 Champenoux, France
| | - François Lebourgeois
- AgroParisTech, Centre de Nancy, UMR 1092 INRA/AgroParisTech Laboratoire d'Étude des Ressources Forêt Bois (LERFoB), 14 rue Girardet, 54000 Nancy, France INRA, Centre de Nancy-Lorraine, UMR1092 INRA/AgroParisTech Laboratoire d'Étude des Ressources Forêt Bois (LERFoB), 54280 Champenoux, France
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23
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Niu F, Röll A, Hardanto A, Meijide A, Köhler M, Hölscher D. Oil palm water use: calibration of a sap flux method and a field measurement scheme. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 35:563-573. [PMID: 25787332 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpv013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2014] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) water use was assessed by sap flux density measurements with the aim to establish the method and derive water-use characteristics. Thermal dissipation probes were inserted into leaf petioles of mature oil palms. In the laboratory, we tested our set-up against gravimetric measurements and derived new parameters for the original calibration equation that are specific to oil palm petioles. In the lowlands of Jambi, Indonesia, in a 12-year-old monoculture plantation, 56 leaves on 10 palms were equipped with one sensor per leaf. A 10-fold variation in individual leaf water use among leaves was observed, but we did not find significant correlations to the variables trunk height and diameter, leaf azimuthal orientation, leaf inclination or estimated horizontal leaf shading. We thus took an un-stratified approach to determine an appropriate sampling design to estimate stand transpiration (Es, mm day(-1)) rates of oil palm. We used the relative standard error of the mean (SEn, %) as a measure for the potential estimation error of Es associated with sample size. It was 14% for a sample size of 13 leaves to determine the average leaf water use and four palms to determine the average number of leaves per palm. Increasing these sample sizes only led to minor further decreases of the SEn of Es. The observed 90-day average of Es was 1.1 mm day(-1) (error margin ± 0.2 mm day(-1)), which seems relatively low, but does not contradict Penman-Monteith-derived estimates of evapotranspiration. Examining the environmental drivers of Es on an intra-daily scale indicates an early, pre-noon maximum of Es rates (11 am) due to a very sensitive reaction of Es to increasing vapor pressure deficit in the morning. This early peak is followed by a steady decline of Es rates for the rest of the day, despite further rising levels of vapor pressure deficit and radiation; this results in pronounced hysteresis, particularly between Es and vapor pressure deficit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Furong Niu
- Tropical Silviculture and Forest Ecology, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Alexander Röll
- Tropical Silviculture and Forest Ecology, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Afik Hardanto
- Tropical Silviculture and Forest Ecology, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany Universitas Jenderal Soedirman, Purwokerto 53122, Indonesia
| | - Ana Meijide
- Bioclimatology, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Michael Köhler
- Tropical Silviculture and Forest Ecology, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Dirk Hölscher
- Tropical Silviculture and Forest Ecology, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
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Chen L, Zhang Z, Ewers BE. Urban tree species show the same hydraulic response to vapor pressure deficit across varying tree size and environmental conditions. PLoS One 2012; 7:e47882. [PMID: 23118904 PMCID: PMC3485363 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0047882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2012] [Accepted: 09/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The functional convergence of tree transpiration has rarely been tested for tree species growing under urban conditions even though it is of significance to elucidate the relationship between functional convergence and species differences of urban trees for establishing sustainable urban forests in the context of forest water relations. Methodology/Principal Findings We measured sap flux of four urban tree species including Cedrus deodara, Zelkova schneideriana, Euonymus bungeanus and Metasequoia glyptostroboides in an urban park by using thermal dissipation probes (TDP). The concurrent microclimate conditions and soil moisture content were also measured. Our objectives were to examine 1) the influence of tree species and size on transpiration, and 2) the hydraulic control of urban trees under different environmental conditions over the transpiration in response to VPD as represented by canopy conductance. The results showed that the functional convergence between tree diameter at breast height (DBH) and tree canopy transpiration amount (Ec) was not reliable to predict stand transpiration and there were species differences within same DBH class. Species differed in transpiration patterns to seasonal weather progression and soil water stress as a result of varied sensitivity to water availability. Species differences were also found in their potential maximum transpiration rate and reaction to light. However, a same theoretical hydraulic relationship between Gc at VPD = 1 kPa (Gcref) and the Gc sensitivity to VPD (−dGc/dlnVPD) across studied species as well as under contrasting soil water and Rs conditions in the urban area. Conclusions/Significance We concluded that urban trees show the same hydraulic regulation over response to VPD across varying tree size and environmental conditions and thus tree transpiration could be predicted with appropriate assessment of Gcref.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixin Chen
- Key Laboratory Soil and Water Conservation and Desertification Combating, Ministry of Education, College of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory Soil and Water Conservation and Desertification Combating, Ministry of Education, College of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail:
| | - Brent E. Ewers
- Program in Ecology, Department of Botany, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, United States of America
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Gea-Izquierdo G, Fonti P, Cherubini P, Martín-Benito D, Chaar H, Cañellas I. Xylem hydraulic adjustment and growth response of Quercus canariensis Willd. to climatic variability. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2012; 32:401-13. [PMID: 22508730 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tps026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Global change challenges forest adaptability at the distributional limit of species. We studied ring-porous Quercus canariensis Willd. xylem traits to analyze how they adjust to spatio-temporal variability in climate. Trees were sampled along altitudinal transects, and annual time series of radial growth (ring width (RW)) and several earlywood vessel (EV) traits were built to analyze their relationships with climate. The trees responded to increasing water constraints with decreasing altitude and changes in climate in the short term but the analyses showed that xylem did not acclimate in response to long-term temperature increase during the past 30 years. The plants' adjustment to climate variability was expressed in a different but complementary manner by the different xylem traits. At low elevations, trees exhibited higher correlations with water stress indices and trees acclimated to more xeric conditions at low elevations by reducing radial growth and hydraulic diameter (D(H)) but increasing the density of vessels (DV). Average potential conductivity (K(H)) was similar for trees at different altitudes. However, inter-tree differences in xylem traits were higher than those between altitudes, suggesting a strong influence of individual genetic features or micro-site conditions. Trees exhibited higher RW those years with larger D(H) and particularly the linear density of vessels (DV(l)), but partly, climatic signals expressed in RW differed from those in EVs. Trees produced larger D(H) after cold winters and wet years. Ring width responded positively to wet and cool weather in fall and spring, whereas the response to climate of DV and K(H) was generally opposite to that of RW. These relationships likely expressed the negative impact of high respiration rates in winter on the carbon pools used to produce the EVs in the next spring and the overall positive influence of water availability for trees. Our results showed that trees at different sites were able to adjust their hydraulic architecture to climatic variability and temperature increase during recent decades coordinating several complementary traits. Nonetheless, it should be monitored whether they will succeed to acclimate to future climatic scenarios of increasing water stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Gea-Izquierdo
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland.
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Pataki DE, McCarthy HR, Litvak E, Pincetl S. Transpiration of urban forests in the Los Angeles metropolitan area. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2011; 21:661-677. [PMID: 21639035 DOI: 10.1890/09-1717.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Despite its importance for urban planning, landscape management, and water management, there are very few in situ estimates of urban-forest transpiration. Because urban forests contain an unusual and diverse mix of species from many regions worldwide, we hypothesized that species composition would be a more important driver of spatial variability in urban-forest transpiration than meteorological variables in the Los Angeles (California, USA) region. We used constant-heat sap-flow sensors to monitor urban tree water use for 15 species at six locations throughout the Los Angeles metropolitan area. For many of these species no previous data on sap flux, water use, or water relations were available in the literature. To scale sap-flux measurements to whole trees we conducted a literature survey of radial trends in sap flux across multiple species and found consistent relationships for angiosperms vs. gymnosperms. We applied this relationship to our measurements and estimated whole-tree and plot-level transpiration at our sites. The results supported very large species differences in transpiration, with estimates ranging from 3.2 +/- 2.3 kg x tree(-1) x d(-1) in unirrigated Pinus canariensis (Canary Island pine) to 176.9 +/- 75.2 kg x tree(-1) x d(-1) in Platanus hybrida (London planetree) in the month of August. Other species with high daily transpiration rates included Ficus microcarpa (laurel fig), Gleditsia triacanthos (honeylocust), and Platanus racemosa (California sycamore). Despite irrigation and relatively large tree size, Brachychiton populneas (kurrajong), B. discolor (lacebark), Sequoia sempervirens (redwood), and Eucalyptus grandis (grand Eucalyptus) showed relatively low rates of transpiration, with values < 45 kg x tree(-1) x d(-1). When scaled to the plot level, transpiration rates were as high as 2 mm/d for sites that contained both species with high transpiration rates and high densities of planted trees. Because plot-level transpiration is highly dependent on tree density, we modeled transpiration as a function of both species and density to evaluate a likely range of values in irrigated urban forests. The results show that urban forests in irrigated, semi-arid regions can constitute a significant use of water, but water use can be mitigated by appropriate selection of site, management method, and species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane E Pataki
- Department of Earth System Science, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-3100, USA.
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Bush SE, Hultine KR, Sperry JS, Ehleringer JR. Calibration of thermal dissipation sap flow probes for ring- and diffuse-porous trees. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2010; 30:1545-54. [PMID: 21112973 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpq096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Thermal dissipation probes (the Granier method) are routinely used in forest ecology and water balance studies to estimate whole-tree transpiration. This method utilizes an empirically derived equation to measure sap flux density, which has been reported as independent of wood characteristics. However, errors in calculated sap flux density may occur when large gradients in sap velocity occur along the sensor length or when sensors are inserted into non-conducting wood. These may be conditions routinely associated with ring-porous species, yet there are few cases in which the original calibration has been validated for ring-porous species. We report results from laboratory calibration measurements conducted on excised stems of four ring-porous species and two diffuse-porous species. Our calibration results for ring-porous species were considerably different compared with the original calibration equation. Calibration equation coefficients obtained in this study differed by as much as two to almost three orders of magnitude when compared with the original equation of Granier. Coefficients also differed between ring-porous species across all pressure gradient conditions considered; however, no differences between calibration slopes were observed for data collected within the range of expected in situ pressure gradients. In addition, dye perfusions showed that in three of the four ring-porous species considered, active sapwood was limited to the outermost growth ring. In contrast, our calibration results for diffuse-porous species showed generally good agreement with the empirically derived Granier calibration, and dye perfusions showed that active sapwood was associated with many annual growth rings. Our results suggest that the original calibration of Granier is not universally applicable to all species and xylem types and that previous estimates of absolute rates of water use for ring-porous species obtained using the original calibration coefficients may be associated with substantial error.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan E Bush
- Department of Biology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
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Eilmann B, Zweifel R, Buchmann N, Fonti P, Rigling A. Drought-induced adaptation of the xylem in Scots pine and pubescent oak. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2009; 29:1011-20. [PMID: 19483185 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpp035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Drought impairs tree growth in the inner-Alpine valleys of Central Europe. We investigated species-specific responses to contrasting water supply, with Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), threatened by drought-induced mortality, and pubescent oak (Quercus pubescens Willd.), showing no connection between drought events and mortality. The two co-occurring tree species were compared, growing either along an open water channel or at a site with naturally dry conditions. In addition, the growth response of Scots pine to a draining of a water channel was studied. We analysed the radial increment for the last 100 years and wood anatomical parameters for the last 45 years. Drought reduced the conduit area of pubescent oak, but increased the radial lumen diameter of the conduits in Scots pine. Both species decreased their radial increment under drought. In Scots pine, radial increment was generally more dependent on water availability than that in pubescent oak. Irrigated trees responded less negatively to high temperature as seen in the increase in the conduit area in pubescent oak and the removal of the limitation of cell division by high temperatures. After irrigation stopped, tree-ring width for Scots pine decreased within 1-year delay, whereas lumen diameter and cell-wall thickness responded with a 4-year delay. Scots pine seemed to optimize the carbon-per-conduit-costs under drought by increasing conduits diameter while decreasing cell numbers. This strategy might lead to a complete loss of tree rings under severe drought and thus to an impairment of water transport. In contrast, in pubescent oak tree-ring width is less affected by summer drought because parts of the earlywood are built in early spring. Thus, pubescent oak might have gradual advantages over pine in today's climate of the inner-Alpine valley.
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Affiliation(s)
- Britta Eilmann
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland.
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Bush SE, Pataki DE, Hultine KR, West AG, Sperry JS, Ehleringer JR. Wood anatomy constrains stomatal responses to atmospheric vapor pressure deficit in irrigated, urban trees. Oecologia 2008; 156:13-20. [DOI: 10.1007/s00442-008-0966-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2007] [Accepted: 01/08/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Hultine KR, Bush SE, West AG, Ehleringer JR. Effect of gender on sap-flux-scaled transpiration in a dominant riparian tree species: Box elder (Acer negundo). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jg000232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. R. Hultine
- Department of Biology; University of Utah; Salt Lake City Utah USA
| | - S. E. Bush
- Department of Biology; University of Utah; Salt Lake City Utah USA
| | - A. G. West
- Department of Integrative Biology; University of California; Berkeley California USA
| | - J. R. Ehleringer
- Department of Biology; University of Utah; Salt Lake City Utah USA
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Chapotin SM, Razanameharizaka JH, Holbrook NM. Water relations of baobab trees (Adansonia spp. L.) during the rainy season: does stem water buffer daily water deficits? PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2006; 29:1021-32. [PMID: 17080930 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3040.2005.01456.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Baobab trees are often cited in the literature as water-storing trees, yet few studies have examined this assumption. We assessed the role of stored water in buffering daily water deficits in two species of baobabs (Adansonia rubrostipa Jum. and H. Perrier and Adansonia za Baill.) in a tropical dry forest in Madagascar. We found no lag in the daily onset of sap flow between the base and the crown of the tree. Some night-time sap flow occurred, but this was more consistent with a pattern of seasonal stem water replenishment than with diurnal usage. Intrinsic capacitance of both leaf and stem tissue (0.07-0.08 and 1.1-1.43 MPa(-1), respectively) was high, yet the amount of water that could be withdrawn before turgor loss was small because midday leaf and stem water potentials (WPs) were near the turgor-loss points. Stomatal conductance was high in the daytime but then declined rapidly, suggesting an embolism-avoidance strategy. Although the xylem of distal branches was relatively vulnerable to cavitation (P50: 1.1-1.7 MPa), tight stomatal control and minimum WPs near--1.0 MPa maintained native embolism levels at 30-65%. Stem morphology and anatomy restrict water movement between storage tissues and the conductive pathway, making stored-water usage more appropriate to longer-term water deficits than as a buffer against daily water deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saharah Moon Chapotin
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
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Eilmann B, Weber P, Rigling A, Eckstein D. Growth reactions of Pinus sylvestris L. and Quercus pubescens Willd. to drought years at a xeric site in Valais, Switzerland. DENDROCHRONOLOGIA 2006. [PMID: 0 DOI: 10.1016/j.dendro.2005.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
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Phillips N, Bond B, McDowell N, Ryan M, Schauer A. Leaf area compounds height-related hydraulic costs of water transport in Oregon White Oak trees. Funct Ecol 2003. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2435.2003.00791.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Gieger T, Thomas FM. Effects of defoliation and drought stress on biomass partitioning and water relations of Quercus robur and Quercus petraea. Basic Appl Ecol 2002. [DOI: 10.1078/1439-1791-00091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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