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Tyagi A, Sharma S, Ali S, Gaikwad K. Crosstalk between H 2 S and NO: an emerging signalling pathway during waterlogging stress in legume crops. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2022; 24:576-586. [PMID: 34693601 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In legumes, waterlogging is a major detrimental factor leading to huge yield losses. Generally, legumes lack tolerance to submergence, and conventional breeding to develop tolerant varieties are limited due to the lack of tolerant germplasm and potential target genes. Moreover, our understanding of the various signalling cascades, their interactions and key pathways induced during waterlogging is limited. Here, we focus on the role of two important plant signalling molecules, viz. hydrogen sulphide (H2 S) and nitric oxide (NO), during waterlogging stress in legumes. Plants and soil microbes produce these signalling molecules both endogenously and exogenously under various stresses, including waterlogging. NO and H2 S are known to regulate key physiological pathways, such as stomatal closure, leaf senescence and regulation of numerous stress signalling pathways, while NO plays a pivotal role in adventitious root formation during waterlogging. The crosstalk between H2 S and NO is synergistic because of the resemblance of their physiological effects and proteomic functions, which mainly operate through cysteine-dependent post-translational modifications via S-nitrosation and persulfidation. Such knowledge has provided novel platforms for researchers to unravel the complexity associated with H2 S-NO signalling and interactions with plant stress hormones. This review provides an overall summary on H2 S and NO, including biosynthesis, biological importance, crosstalk, transporter regulation as well as understanding their role during waterlogging using 'multi-omics' approach. Understanding H2 S and NO signalling will help in deciphering the metabolic interactions and identifying key regulatory genes that could be used for developing waterlogging tolerance in legumes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Tyagi
- ICAR - National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - S Sharma
- ICAR - National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - S Ali
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - K Gaikwad
- ICAR - National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
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Reddy PS, Dhaware MG, Sivasakthi K, Divya K, Nagaraju M, Sri Cindhuri K, Kavi Kishor PB, Bhatnagar-Mathur P, Vadez V, Sharma KK. Pearl Millet Aquaporin Gene PgPIP2;6 Improves Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Transgenic Tobacco. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:820996. [PMID: 35356115 PMCID: PMC8959815 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.820996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L) R. Br.] is an important cereal crop of the semiarid tropics, which can withstand prolonged drought and heat stress. Considering an active involvement of the aquaporin (AQP) genes in water transport and desiccation tolerance besides several basic functions, their potential role in abiotic stress tolerance was systematically characterized and functionally validated. A total of 34 AQP genes from P. glaucum were identified and categorized into four subfamilies, viz., plasma membrane intrinsic proteins (PIPs), tonoplast intrinsic proteins (TIPs), nodulin-26-like intrinsic proteins (NIPs), and small basic intrinsic proteins (SIPs). Sequence analysis revealed that PgAQPs have conserved characters of AQP genes with a closer relationship to sorghum. The PgAQPs were expressed differentially under high vapor pressure deficit (VPD) and progressive drought stresses where the PgPIP2;6 gene showed significant expression under high VPD and drought stress. Transgenic tobacco plants were developed by heterologous expression of the PgPIP2;6 gene and functionally characterized under different abiotic stresses to further unravel their role. Transgenic tobacco plants in the T2 generations displayed restricted transpiration and low root exudation rates in low- and high-VPD conditions. Under progressive drought stress, wild-type (WT) plants showed a quick or faster decline of soil moisture than transgenics. While under heat stress, PgPIP2;6 transgenics showed better adaptation to heat (40°C) with high canopy temperature depression (CTD) and low transpiration; under low-temperature stress, they displayed lower transpiration than their non-transgenic counterparts. Cumulatively, lower transpiration rate (Tr), low root exudation rate, declined transpiration, elevated CTD, and lower transpiration indicate that PgPIP2;6 plays a role under abiotic stress tolerance. Since the PgPIP2;6 transgenic plants exhibited better adaptation against major abiotic stresses such as drought, high VPD, heat, and cold stresses by virtue of enhanced transpiration efficiency, it has the potential to engineer abiotic stress tolerance for sustained growth and productivity of crops.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mahamaya G. Dhaware
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, India
| | - Kaliamoorthy Sivasakthi
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, India
| | - Kummari Divya
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, India
| | - Marka Nagaraju
- Department of Biochemistry, ICMR – National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, India
| | - Katamreddy Sri Cindhuri
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, India
| | - Polavarapu Bilhan Kavi Kishor
- Department of Biotechnology, Vignan’s Foundation for Science, Technology & Research (Deemed to be University), Vadlamudi, India
| | - Pooja Bhatnagar-Mathur
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, India
| | - Vincent Vadez
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, India
| | - Kiran K. Sharma
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, India
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Zhang H, Li M, Kong M, Dunwell JM, Zhang Y, Yue C, Wu J, Zhang S. Study on the differences of gene expression between pear and apple wild cultivation materials based on RNA-seq technique. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:256. [PMID: 34088272 PMCID: PMC8176607 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03051-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pears and apples are both perennial deciduous trees of the Rosaceae family, and both are important economic fruit trees worldwide. The emergence of many varieties in the market has been mostly domesticated from wild to cultivated and regulated by the differential expression of genes. However, the molecular process and pathways underlying this phenomenon remain unclear. Four typical wild and cultivar pear and apple trees at three developmental stages were used in our study to investigate the molecular process at the transcriptome level. RESULT Physiological observations indicated the obvious differences of size, weight, sugar acid content and peel color in wild and cultivar fruit among each developmental stage. Using next-generation sequencing based RNA-seq expression profiling technology, we produced a transcriptome in procession of a large fraction of annotated pear and apple genes, and provided a molecular basis underlying the phenomenon of wild and cultivar fruit tree differences. 5921 and 5744 differential expression genes were identified in pear and apple at three developmental stages respectively. We performed temporal and spatial differential gene expression profiling in developing fruits. Several key pathways such as signal transduction, photosynthesis, translation and many metabolisms were identified as involved in the differentiation of wild and cultivar fruits. CONCLUSION In this study, we reported on the next-generation sequencing study of the temporal and spatial mRNA expression profiling of pear and apple fruit trees. Also, we demonstrated that the integrated analysis of pear and apple transcriptome, which strongly revealed the consistent process of domestication in Rosaceae fruit trees. The results will be great influence to the improvement of cultivar species and the utilization of wild resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huangwei Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
- College of Agro-Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Meng Li
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Min Kong
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Jim M. Dunwell
- School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Earley Gate, Reading, UK
| | - Yuyan Zhang
- Institute of Pomology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Nanjing, 210014 Jiangsu China
| | - Chao Yue
- China Tobacco Jiangsu Industrial Co., Ltd, Nanjing, 210019 China
| | - Juyou Wu
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Shaoling Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
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Leng H, Jiang C, Song X, Lu M, Wan X. Poplar aquaporin PIP1;1 promotes Arabidopsis growth and development. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:253. [PMID: 34082706 PMCID: PMC8173918 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03017-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Root hydraulic conductance is primarily determined by the conductance of living tissues to radial water flow. Plasma membrane intrinsic proteins (PIPs) in root cortical cells are important for plants to take up water and are believed to be directly involved in cell growth. RESULTS In this study, we found that constitutive overexpression of the poplar root-specific gene PtoPIP1;1 in Arabidopsis accelerated bolting and flowering. At the early stage of the developmental process, PtoPIP1;1 OE Arabidopsis exhibited faster cell growth in both leaves and roots. The turgor pressure of plants was correspondingly increased in PtoPIP1;1 OE Arabidopsis, and the water status was changed. At the same time, the expression levels of flowering-related genes (CRY1, CRY2 and FCA) and hub genes in the regulatory networks underlying floral timing (FT and SOC1) were significantly upregulated in OE plants, while the floral repressor FLC gene was significantly downregulated. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, the results of our study indicate that constitutive overexpression of PtoPIP1;1 in Arabidopsis accelerates bolting and flowering through faster cell growth in both the leaf and root at an early stage of the developmental process. The autonomous pathway of flowering regulation may be executed by monitoring developmental age. The increase in turgor and changes in water status with PtoPIP1;1 overexpression play a role in promoting cell growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huani Leng
- Institute of New Forestry Technology, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Cheng Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
- Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Xueqin Song
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China.
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Jiangsu, 210037, China.
| | - Mengzhu Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
- Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Jiangsu, 210037, China
| | - Xianchong Wan
- Institute of New Forestry Technology, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China.
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Patel J, Mishra A. Plant aquaporins alleviate drought tolerance in plants by modulating cellular biochemistry, root-architecture, and photosynthesis. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 172:1030-1044. [PMID: 33421148 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Water is a vital resource for plants to grow, thrive, and complete their life cycle. In recent years, drastic changes in the climate, especially drought frequency and severity, have increased, which reduces agricultural productivity worldwide. Aquaporins are membrane channels belonging to the major intrinsic protein superfamily, which play an essential role in cellular water and osmotic homeostasis of plants under both control and water deficit conditions. A genome-wide search reveals the vast availability of aquaporin isoforms, phylogenetic relationships, different families, conserved residues, chromosomal locations, and gene structure of aquaporins. Furthermore, aquaporins gating and subcellular trafficking are commonly controlled by phosphorylation, cytosolic pH, divalent cations, reactive oxygen species, and stoichiometry. Researchers have identified their involvement in regulating hydraulic conductance, root system architecture, modulation of abiotic stress-related genes, seed viability and germination, phloem loading, xylem water exit, photosynthetic parameters, and post-drought recovery. Remarkable effects following the change in aquaporin activity and/or gene expression have been observed on root water transport properties, nutrient acquisition, physiology, transpiration, stomatal aperture, gas exchange, and water use efficiency. The present review highlights the role of different aquaporin homologs under water-deficit stress condition in model and crop plants. Moreover, the opportunity and challenges encountered to explore aquaporins for engineering drought-tolerant crop plants are also discussed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaykumar Patel
- Division of Applied Phycology and Biotechnology, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Avinash Mishra
- Division of Applied Phycology and Biotechnology, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
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Razi K, Muneer S. Drought stress-induced physiological mechanisms, signaling pathways and molecular response of chloroplasts in common vegetable crops. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2021; 41:669-691. [PMID: 33525946 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2021.1874280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Drought stress is one of the most adverse abiotic stresses that hinder plants' growth and productivity, threatening sustainable crop production. It impairs normal growth, disturbs water relations and reduces water-use efficiency in plants. However, plants have evolved many physiological and biochemical responses at the cellular and organism levels, in order to cope with drought stress. Photosynthesis, which is considered one of the most crucial biological processes for survival of plants, is greatly affected by drought stress. A gradual decrease in CO2 assimilation rates, reduced leaf size, stem extension and root proliferation under drought stress, disturbs plant water relations, reducing water-use efficiency, disrupts photosynthetic pigments and reduces the gas exchange affecting the plants adversely. In such conditions, the chloroplast, organelle responsible for photosynthesis, is found to counteract the ill effects of drought stress by its critical involvement as a sensor of changes occurring in the environment, as the first process that drought stress affects is photosynthesis. Beside photosynthesis, chloroplasts carry out primary metabolic functions such as the biosynthesis of starch, amino acids, lipids, and tetrapyroles, and play a central role in the assimilation of nitrogen and sulfur. Because the chloroplasts are central organelles where the photosynthetic reactions take place, modifications in their physiology and protein pools are expected in response to the drought stress-induced variations in leaf gas exchanges and the accumulation of ROS. Higher expression levels of various transcription factors and other proteins including heat shock-related protein, LEA proteins seem to be regulating the heat tolerance mechanisms. However, several aspects of plastid alterations, following a water deficit environment are still poorly characterized. Since plants adapt to various stress tolerance mechanisms to respond to drought stress, understanding mechanisms of drought stress tolerance in plants will lead toward the development of drought tolerance in crop plants. This review throws light on major droughts stress-induced molecular/physiological mechanisms in response to severe and prolonged drought stress and addresses the molecular response of chloroplasts in common vegetable crops. It further highlights research gaps, identifying unexplored domains and suggesting recommendations for future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaukab Razi
- Horticulture and Molecular Physiology Lab, School of Agricultural Innovations and Advanced Learning, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.,School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sowbiya Muneer
- Horticulture and Molecular Physiology Lab, School of Agricultural Innovations and Advanced Learning, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
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Versatile Roles of Aquaporins in Plant Growth and Development. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21249485. [PMID: 33322217 PMCID: PMC7763978 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Aquaporins (AQPs) are universal membrane integrated water channel proteins that selectively and reversibly facilitate the movement of water, gases, metalloids, and other small neutral solutes across cellular membranes in living organisms. Compared with other organisms, plants have the largest number of AQP members with diverse characteristics, subcellular localizations and substrate permeabilities. AQPs play important roles in plant water relations, cell turgor pressure maintenance, the hydraulic regulation of roots and leaves, and in leaf transpiration, root water uptake, and plant responses to multiple biotic and abiotic stresses. They are also required for plant growth and development. In this review, we comprehensively summarize the expression and roles of diverse AQPs in the growth and development of various vegetative and reproductive organs in plants. The functions of AQPs in the intracellular translocation of hydrogen peroxide are also discussed.
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Cao X, Shen Q, Ma S, Liu L, Cheng J. Physiological and PIP Transcriptional Responses to Progressive Soil Water Deficit in Three Mulberry Cultivars. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:1310. [PMID: 32983200 PMCID: PMC7488926 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.01310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Although mulberry cultivars Wubu, Yu711, and 7307 display distinct anatomical, morphological, and agronomic characteristics under natural conditions, it remains unclear if they differ in drought tolerance. To address this question and elucidate the underlying regulatory mechanisms at the whole-plant level, 2-month old saplings of the three mulberry cultivars were exposed to progressive soil water deficit for 5 days. The physiological responses and transcriptional changes of PIPs in different plant tissues were analyzed. Drought stress led to reduced leaf relative water content (RWC) and tissue water contents, differentially expressed PIPs, decreased chlorophyll and starch, increased soluble sugars and free proline, and enhanced activities of antioxidant enzymes in all plant parts of the three cultivars. Concentrations of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide anion (O2 •-), and malonaldehyde (MDA) were significantly declined in roots, stimulated in leaves but unaltered in wood and bark. In contrast, except the roots of 7307, soluble proteins were repressed in roots and leaves but induced in wood and bark of the three cultivars in response to progressive water deficit. These results revealed tissue-specific drought stress responses in mulberry. Comparing to cultivar Yu711 and 7307, Wubu showed generally slighter changes in leaf RWC and tissue water contents at day 2, corresponding well to the steady PIP transcript levels, foliar concentrations of chlorophyll, O2 •-, MDA, and free proline. At day 5, Wubu sustained higher tissue water contents in green tissues, displayed stronger responsiveness of PIP transcription, lower concentrations of soluble sugars and starch, lower foliar MDA, higher proline and soluble proteins, higher ROS accumulation and enhanced activities of several antioxidant enzymes. Our results indicate that whole-plant level responses of PIP transcription, osmoregulation through proline and soluble proteins and antioxidative protection are important mechanisms for mulberry to cope with drought stress. These traits play significant roles in conferring the relatively higher drought tolerance of cultivar Wubu and could be potentially useful for future mulberry improvement programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Cao
- College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Areas, Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Qiudi Shen
- College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Areas, Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Sang Ma
- College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Areas, Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Li Liu
- College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Areas, Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Jialing Cheng
- College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Areas, Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang, China
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Ammitzboll H, Vaillancourt RE, Potts BM, Harrison PA, Brodribb T, Sussmilch FC, Freeman JS. Independent genetic control of drought resistance, recovery, and growth of Eucalyptus globulus seedlings. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2020; 43:103-115. [PMID: 31472076 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Drought is a major stress impacting forest ecosystems worldwide. We utilized quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis to study the genetic basis of variation in (a) drought resistance and recovery and (b) candidate traits that may be associated with this variation in the forest tree Eucalyptus globulus. QTL analysis was performed using a large outcrossed F2 mapping population from which 300 trees were phenotyped based on the mean performance of their open-pollinated F3 progeny. Progenies were grown in a glasshouse in a randomized complete block design. A subset of seedlings was subjected to a drought treatment after which they were rewatered and scored for damage and growth postdrought. Nondroughted seedlings were assessed for growth traits as well as lignotuber size and resprouting following severe damage to the main stem. QTL were detected for most traits. Importantly, independent QTL were detected for (a) drought damage and plant size, (b) drought damage and growth recovery, and (c) lignotuber size and resprouting capacity. Such independence argues that trade-offs are unlikely to be a major limitation to the response to selection and at the early life history stage studied; there are opportunities to improve resilience to drought without adverse effects on productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans Ammitzboll
- School of Natural Sciences and ARC Training Centre for Forest Value, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, 7001, Australia
| | - René E Vaillancourt
- School of Natural Sciences and ARC Training Centre for Forest Value, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, 7001, Australia
| | - Brad M Potts
- School of Natural Sciences and ARC Training Centre for Forest Value, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, 7001, Australia
| | - Peter A Harrison
- School of Natural Sciences and ARC Training Centre for Forest Value, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, 7001, Australia
| | - Tim Brodribb
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, 7001, Australia
| | - Frances C Sussmilch
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, 7001, Australia
- Institute of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Würzburg, 97082, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jules S Freeman
- School of Natural Sciences and ARC Training Centre for Forest Value, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, 7001, Australia
- Forest Genetics, Scion, Rotorua, 3046, New Zealand
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Sasaki K, Ida Y, Kitajima S, Kawazu T, Hibino T, Hanba YT. Overexpressing the HD-Zip class II transcription factor EcHB1 from Eucalyptus camaldulensis increased the leaf photosynthesis and drought tolerance of Eucalyptus. Sci Rep 2019. [PMID: 31575941 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50610-50615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Alteration in the leaf mesophyll anatomy by genetic modification is potentially a promising tool for improving the physiological functions of trees by improving leaf photosynthesis. Homeodomain leucine zipper (HD-Zip) transcription factors are candidates for anatomical alterations of leaves through modification of cell multiplication, differentiation, and expansion. Full-length cDNA encoding a Eucalyptus camaldulensis HD-Zip class II transcription factor (EcHB1) was over-expressed in vivo in the hybrid Eucalyptus GUT5 generated from Eucalyptus grandis and Eucalyptus urophylla. Overexpression of EcHB1 induced significant modification in the mesophyll anatomy of Eucalyptus with enhancements in the number of cells and chloroplasts on a leaf-area basis. The leaf-area-based photosynthesis of Eucalyptus was improved in the EcHB1-overexpression lines, which was due to both enhanced CO2 diffusion into chloroplasts and increased photosynthetic biochemical functions through increased number of chloroplasts per unit leaf area. Additionally, overexpression of EcHB1 suppressed defoliation and thus improved the growth of Eucalyptus trees under drought stress, which was a result of reduced water loss from trees due to the reduction in leaf area with no changes in stomatal morphology. These results gave us new insights into the role of the HD-Zip II gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Sasaki
- Faculty of Applied Biology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8585, Japan
| | - Yuuki Ida
- Faculty of Applied Biology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8585, Japan
| | - Sakihito Kitajima
- Faculty of Applied Biology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8585, Japan
| | - Tetsu Kawazu
- Forestry Research Institute, Oji Holdings Corporation, 24-9 Nobono-cho, Kameyama, Mie, 519-0212, Japan
- K-Plantech, 3085-15 Kobe, Tsu, Mie, 514-0065, Japan
| | - Takashi Hibino
- Forestry Research Institute, Oji Holdings Corporation, 24-9 Nobono-cho, Kameyama, Mie, 519-0212, Japan
- Pine Chemicals Development, R&D Center, R&D Company, HARIMA CHEMICALS INC., 5-9-3 Tokodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 300-2635, Japan
| | - Yuko T Hanba
- Faculty of Applied Biology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8585, Japan.
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Sasaki K, Ida Y, Kitajima S, Kawazu T, Hibino T, Hanba YT. Overexpressing the HD-Zip class II transcription factor EcHB1 from Eucalyptus camaldulensis increased the leaf photosynthesis and drought tolerance of Eucalyptus. Sci Rep 2019; 9:14121. [PMID: 31575941 PMCID: PMC6773882 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50610-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Alteration in the leaf mesophyll anatomy by genetic modification is potentially a promising tool for improving the physiological functions of trees by improving leaf photosynthesis. Homeodomain leucine zipper (HD-Zip) transcription factors are candidates for anatomical alterations of leaves through modification of cell multiplication, differentiation, and expansion. Full-length cDNA encoding a Eucalyptus camaldulensis HD-Zip class II transcription factor (EcHB1) was over-expressed in vivo in the hybrid Eucalyptus GUT5 generated from Eucalyptus grandis and Eucalyptus urophylla. Overexpression of EcHB1 induced significant modification in the mesophyll anatomy of Eucalyptus with enhancements in the number of cells and chloroplasts on a leaf-area basis. The leaf-area-based photosynthesis of Eucalyptus was improved in the EcHB1-overexpression lines, which was due to both enhanced CO2 diffusion into chloroplasts and increased photosynthetic biochemical functions through increased number of chloroplasts per unit leaf area. Additionally, overexpression of EcHB1 suppressed defoliation and thus improved the growth of Eucalyptus trees under drought stress, which was a result of reduced water loss from trees due to the reduction in leaf area with no changes in stomatal morphology. These results gave us new insights into the role of the HD-Zip II gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Sasaki
- Faculty of Applied Biology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8585, Japan
| | - Yuuki Ida
- Faculty of Applied Biology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8585, Japan
| | - Sakihito Kitajima
- Faculty of Applied Biology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8585, Japan
| | - Tetsu Kawazu
- Forestry Research Institute, Oji Holdings Corporation, 24-9 Nobono-cho, Kameyama, Mie, 519-0212, Japan.,K-Plantech, 3085-15 Kobe, Tsu, Mie, 514-0065, Japan
| | - Takashi Hibino
- Forestry Research Institute, Oji Holdings Corporation, 24-9 Nobono-cho, Kameyama, Mie, 519-0212, Japan.,Pine Chemicals Development, R&D Center, R&D Company, HARIMA CHEMICALS INC., 5-9-3 Tokodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 300-2635, Japan
| | - Yuko T Hanba
- Faculty of Applied Biology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8585, Japan.
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12
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Overexpression of PeHKT1;1 Improves Salt Tolerance in Populus. Genes (Basel) 2018; 9:genes9100475. [PMID: 30274294 PMCID: PMC6210203 DOI: 10.3390/genes9100475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Soil salinization is an increasingly serious threat that limits plant growth and development. Class I transporters of the high-affinity K+ transporter (HKT) family have been demonstrated to be involved in salt tolerance by contributing to Na+ exclusion from roots and shoots. Here, we isolated the PeHKT1;1 gene from hybrid poplar based on the sequences of the Populus trichocarpa genome. The full-length PeHKT1;1 gene was 2173 bp, including a 1608 bp open reading frame (ORF) encoding 535 amino acids and containing eight distinct transmembrane domains. Multiple sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis suggested that the PeHKT1;1 protein had a typical S–G–G–G signature for the P-loop domains and belonged to class I of HKT transporters. PeHKT1;1 transcripts were mainly detected in stem and root, and were remarkably induced by salt stress treatment. In further characterization of its functions, overexpression of PeHKT1;1 in Populus davidiana × Populus bolleana resulted in a better relative growth rate in phenotypic analysis, including root and plant height, and exhibited higher catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities than non-transgenic poplar under salt stress conditions. These observations indicated that PeHKT1;1 may enhance salt tolerance by improving the efficiency of antioxidant systems. Together, these data suggest that PeHKT1;1 plays an important role in response to salt stress in Populus.
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Meng LS. Compound Synthesis or Growth and Development of Roots/Stomata Regulate Plant Drought Tolerance or Water Use Efficiency/Water Uptake Efficiency. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:3595-3604. [PMID: 29589939 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b05990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Water is crucial to plant growth and development because it serves as a medium for all cellular functions. Thus, the improvement of plant drought tolerance or water use efficiency/water uptake efficiency is important in modern agriculture. In this review, we mainly focus on new genetic factors for ameliorating drought tolerance or water use efficiency/water uptake efficiency of plants and explore the involvement of these genetic factors in the regulation of improving plant drought tolerance or water use efficiency/water uptake efficiency, which is a result of altered stomata density and improving root systems (primary root length, hair root growth, and lateral root number) and enhanced production of osmotic protectants, which is caused by transcription factors, proteinases, and phosphatases and protein kinases. These results will help guide the synthesis of a model for predicting how the signals of genetic and environmental stress are integrated at a few genetic determinants to control the establishment of either water use efficiency or water uptake efficiency. Collectively, these insights into the molecular mechanism underpinning the control of plant drought tolerance or water use efficiency/water uptake efficiency may aid future breeding or design strategies to increase crop yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lai-Sheng Meng
- The Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plant of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science , Jiangsu Normal University , Xuzhou , Jiangsu 221116 , People's Republic of China
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14
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Gao L, Lu Z, Ding L, Guo J, Wang M, Ling N, Guo S, Shen Q. Role of Aquaporins in Determining Carbon and Nitrogen Status in Higher Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E35. [PMID: 29342938 PMCID: PMC5795985 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19010035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 12/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Aquaporins (AQPs) are integral membrane proteins facilitating the transport of water and some small neutral molecules across cell membranes. In past years, much effort has been made to reveal the location of AQPs as well as their function in water transport, photosynthetic processes, and stress responses in higher plants. In the present review, we paid attention to the character of AQPs in determining carbon and nitrogen status. The role of AQPs during photosynthesis is characterized as its function in transporting water and CO₂ across the membrane of chloroplast and thylakoid; recalculated results from published studies showed that over-expression of AQPs contributed to 25% and 50% increases in stomatal conductance (gs) and mesophyll conductance (gm), respectively. The nitrogen status in plants is regulated by AQPs through their effect on water flow as well as urea and NH₄⁺ uptake, and the potential role of AQPs in alleviating ammonium toxicity is discussed. At the same time, root and/or shoot AQP expression is quite dependent on both N supply amounts and forms. Future research directions concerning the function of AQPs in regulating plant carbon and nitrogen status as well as C/N balance are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limin Gao
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, National Engineering Research Center for Organic-based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Zhifeng Lu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, National Engineering Research Center for Organic-based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Lei Ding
- Institut des Sciences de la Vie, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve B-1348, Belgium.
| | - Junjie Guo
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, National Engineering Research Center for Organic-based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Min Wang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, National Engineering Research Center for Organic-based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Ning Ling
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, National Engineering Research Center for Organic-based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Shiwei Guo
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, National Engineering Research Center for Organic-based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Qirong Shen
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, National Engineering Research Center for Organic-based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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15
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He WD, Gao J, Dou TX, Shao XH, Bi FC, Sheng O, Deng GM, Li CY, Hu CH, Liu JH, Zhang S, Yang QS, Yi GJ. Early Cold-Induced Peroxidases and Aquaporins Are Associated With High Cold Tolerance in Dajiao ( Musa spp. 'Dajiao'). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:282. [PMID: 29568304 PMCID: PMC5852111 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Banana is an important tropical fruit with high economic value. One of the main cultivars ('Cavendish') is susceptible to low temperatures, while another closely related specie ('Dajiao') has considerably higher cold tolerance. We previously reported that some membrane proteins appear to be involved in the cold tolerance of Dajiao bananas via an antioxidation mechanism. To investigate the early cold stress response of Dajiao, here we applied comparative membrane proteomics analysis for both cold-sensitive Cavendish and cold-tolerant Dajiao bananas subjected to cold stress at 10°C for 0, 3, and 6 h. A total of 2,333 and 1,834 proteins were identified in Cavendish and Dajiao, respectively. Subsequent bioinformatics analyses showed that 692 Cavendish proteins and 524 Dajiao proteins were predicted to be membrane proteins, of which 82 and 137 differentially abundant membrane proteins (DAMPs) were found in Cavendish and Dajiao, respectively. Interestingly, the number of DAMPs with increased abundance following 3 h of cold treatment in Dajiao (80) was seven times more than that in Cavendish (11). Gene ontology molecular function analysis of DAMPs for Cavendish and Dajiao indicated that they belong to eight categories including hydrolase activity, binding, transporter activity, antioxidant activity, etc., but the number in Dajiao is twice that in Cavendish. Strikingly, we found peroxidases (PODs) and aquaporins among the protein groups whose abundance was significantly increased after 3 h of cold treatment in Dajiao. Some of the PODs and aquaporins were verified by reverse-transcription PCR, multiple reaction monitoring, and green fluorescent protein-based subcellular localization analysis, demonstrating that the global membrane proteomics data are reliable. By combining the physiological and biochemical data, we found that membrane-bound Peroxidase 52 and Peroxidase P7, and aquaporins (MaPIP1;1, MaPIP1;2, MaPIP2;4, MaPIP2;6, MaTIP1;3) are mainly involved in decreased lipid peroxidation and maintaining leaf cell water potential, which appear to be the key cellular adaptations contributing to the cold tolerance of Dajiao. This membrane proteomics study provides new insights into cold stress tolerance mechanisms of banana, toward potential applications for ultimate genetic improvement of cold tolerance in banana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Di He
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology of the Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization of the Ministry of Agriculture/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Tree Research, Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Gao
- Institute of Environmental Horticulture Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tong-Xin Dou
- Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization of the Ministry of Agriculture/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Tree Research, Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiu-Hong Shao
- Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization of the Ministry of Agriculture/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Tree Research, Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Fang-Cheng Bi
- Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization of the Ministry of Agriculture/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Tree Research, Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ou Sheng
- Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization of the Ministry of Agriculture/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Tree Research, Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gui-Ming Deng
- Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization of the Ministry of Agriculture/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Tree Research, Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chun-Yu Li
- Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization of the Ministry of Agriculture/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Tree Research, Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chun-Hua Hu
- Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization of the Ministry of Agriculture/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Tree Research, Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ji-Hong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology of the Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Institute of Biotechnology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Qiao-Song Yang
- Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization of the Ministry of Agriculture/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Tree Research, Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Gan-Jun Yi, Qiao-Song Yang,
| | - Gan-Jun Yi
- Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization of the Ministry of Agriculture/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Tree Research, Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Gan-Jun Yi, Qiao-Song Yang,
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16
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Ghosh Dasgupta M, Dharanishanthi V. Identification of PEG-induced water stress responsive transcripts using co-expression network in Eucalyptus grandis. Gene 2017; 627:393-407. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2017.06.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Revised: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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17
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Groszmann M, Osborn HL, Evans JR. Carbon dioxide and water transport through plant aquaporins. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2017; 40:938-961. [PMID: 27739588 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Revised: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Aquaporins are channel proteins that function to increase the permeability of biological membranes. In plants, aquaporins are encoded by multigene families that have undergone substantial diversification in land plants. The plasma membrane intrinsic proteins (PIPs) subfamily of aquaporins is of particular interest given their potential to improve plant water relations and photosynthesis. Flowering plants have between 7 and 28 PIP genes. Their expression varies with tissue and cell type, through development and in response to a variety of factors, contributing to the dynamic and tissue specific control of permeability. There are a growing number of PIPs shown to act as water channels, but those altering membrane permeability to CO2 are more limited. The structural basis for selective substrate specificities has not yet been resolved, although a few key amino acid positions have been identified. Several regions important for dimerization, gating and trafficking are also known. PIP aquaporins assemble as tetramers and their properties depend on the monomeric composition. PIPs control water flux into and out of veins and stomatal guard cells and also increase membrane permeability to CO2 in mesophyll and stomatal guard cells. The latter increases the effectiveness of Rubisco and can potentially influence transpiration efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Groszmann
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Hannah L Osborn
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - John R Evans
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT, 2601, Australia
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18
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Secchi F, Pagliarani C, Zwieniecki MA. The functional role of xylem parenchyma cells and aquaporins during recovery from severe water stress. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2017; 40:858-871. [PMID: 27628165 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Revised: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/27/2016] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Xylem parenchyma cells [vessel associated cells (VACs)] constitute a significant fraction of the xylem in woody plants. These cells are often closely connected with xylem vessels or tracheids via simple pores (remnants of plasmodesmata fields). The close contact and biological activity of VACs during times of severe water stress and recovery from stress suggest that they are involved in the maintenance of xylem transport capacity and responsible for the restoration of vessel/tracheid functionality following embolism events. As recovery from embolism requires the transport of water across xylem parenchyma cell membranes, an understanding of stem-specific aquaporin expression patterns, localization and activity is a crucial part of any biological model dealing with embolism recovery processes in woody plants. In this review, we provide a short overview of xylem parenchyma cell biology with a special focus on aquaporins. In particular we address their distributions and activity during the development of drought stress, during the formation of embolism and the subsequent recovery from stress that may result in refilling. Complemented by the current biological model of parenchyma cell function during recovery from stress, this overview highlights recent breakthroughs on the unique ability of long-lived perennial plants to undergo cycles of embolism-recovery related to drought/rewetting or freeze/thaw events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Secchi
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences (DISAFA), University of Turin, Grugliasco, 10095, Italy
| | - Chiara Pagliarani
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences (DISAFA), University of Turin, Grugliasco, 10095, Italy
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Zargar SM, Nagar P, Deshmukh R, Nazir M, Wani AA, Masoodi KZ, Agrawal GK, Rakwal R. Aquaporins as potential drought tolerance inducing proteins: Towards instigating stress tolerance. J Proteomics 2017; 169:233-238. [PMID: 28412527 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2017.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Revised: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Aquaporins (AQPs) are primarily involved in maintaining cellular water homeostasis. Their role in diverse physiological processes has fascinated plant scientists for more than a decade, particularly concerning abiotic stresses. Increasing examples of evidence in various crop plants indicate that the AQPs are responsible for precise regulation of water movement and consequently play a crucial role in the drought stress tolerance. Since drought is one of the major abiotic stresses affecting agricultural production worldwide, it has become a critical agenda to focus research on the development of drought tolerant crop plants. AQPs can act as key candidate molecules to confront this issue. Hence, there is an important need to explore the potential of AQPs by understanding the molecular mechanisms and pathways through which they induce drought tolerance. Moreover, the signalling network/s involved in such pathways needs to be mined and understood correctly, and that may lead to the development of drought tolerance in crop plants. In the present review, opportunity and challenges regarding the efficient utilization of AQP-related information is presented and discussed. The complied information and the discussion will be helpful for designing future experiments and to set the specific goals for the enhancement of drought tolerance in crop plants. Biological Significance Knowledge on the role of AQPs in maintaining cellular water homeostasis has given new hope for developing drought tolerance in crop plants. Since drought is one of the major abiotic stresses affecting agricultural production worldwide, it has become a critical agenda to focus research on the development of drought-tolerant crop plants. AQPs can act as key candidate molecules to solve this problem through genetic engineering. For this, it is important to understand the molecular mechanisms and inter-related pathways through which AQPs induce drought tolerance and to explore the signaling network/s involved in such pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajad Majeed Zargar
- Division of Biotechnology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Kashmir, Shalimar, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir 190025, India.
| | - Preeti Nagar
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, South Asian University, New Delhi 110021, India
| | - Rupesh Deshmukh
- Departement de Phytologie, Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Muslima Nazir
- Division of Biotechnology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Kashmir, Shalimar, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir 190025, India
| | - Aijaz Ahmad Wani
- Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir 190006, India
| | - Khalid Zaffar Masoodi
- Division of Biotechnology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Kashmir, Shalimar, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir 190025, India
| | - Ganesh Kumar Agrawal
- Research Laboratory for Biotechnology and Biochemistry (RLABB), GPO 13265, Kathmandu, Nepal; GRADE (Global Research Arch for Developing Education) Academy Pvt. Ltd., Adarsh Nagar-13, Birgunj, Nepal
| | - Randeep Rakwal
- Research Laboratory for Biotechnology and Biochemistry (RLABB), GPO 13265, Kathmandu, Nepal; GRADE (Global Research Arch for Developing Education) Academy Pvt. Ltd., Adarsh Nagar-13, Birgunj, Nepal; Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8574, Ibaraki, Japan
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The Roles of Aquaporins in Plant Stress Responses. J Dev Biol 2016; 4:jdb4010009. [PMID: 29615577 PMCID: PMC5831814 DOI: 10.3390/jdb4010009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Revised: 01/30/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Aquaporins are membrane channel proteins ubiquitously present in all kingdoms of life. Although aquaporins were originally discovered as water channels, their roles in the transport of small neutral solutes, gasses, and metal ions are now well established. Plants contain the largest number and greatest diversity of aquaporin homologs with diverse subcellular localization patterns, gating properties, and solute specificity. The roles of aquaporins in physiological functions throughout plant growth and development are well known. As an integral regulator of plant–water relations, they are presumed to play an important role in plant defense responses against biotic and abiotic stressors. This review highlights involvement of various aquaporin homologs in plant stress responses against a variety of environmental stresses that disturb plant cell osmotic balance and nutrient homeostasis.
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Abstract
It is difficult to distinguish influx and efflux of inorganic C in photosynthesizing tissues; this article examines what is known and where there are gaps in knowledge. Irreversible decarboxylases produce CO2, and CO2 is the substrate/product of enzymes that act as carboxylases and decarboxylases. Some irreversible carboxylases use CO2; others use HCO3(-). The relative role of permeation through the lipid bilayer versus movement through CO2-selective membrane proteins in the downhill, non-energized, movement of CO2 is not clear. Passive permeation explains most CO2 entry, including terrestrial and aquatic organisms with C3 physiology and biochemistry, terrestrial C4 plants and all crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) plants, as well as being part of some mechanisms of HCO3(-) use in CO2 concentrating mechanism (CCM) function, although further work is needed to test the mechanism in some cases. However, there is some evidence of active CO2 influx at the plasmalemma of algae. HCO3(-) active influx at the plasmalemma underlies all cyanobacterial and some algal CCMs. HCO3(-) can also enter some algal chloroplasts, probably as part of a CCM. The high intracellular CO2 and HCO3(-) pools consequent upon CCMs result in leakage involving CO2, and occasionally HCO3(-). Leakage from cyanobacterial and microalgal CCMs involves up to half, but sometimes more, of the gross inorganic C entering in the CCM; leakage from terrestrial C4 plants is lower in most environments. Little is known of leakage from other organisms with CCMs, though given the leakage better-examined organisms, leakage occurs and increases the energetic cost of net carbon assimilation.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A Raven
- Division of Plant Sciences, University of Dundee at the James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, UK†, and School of Plant Biology, University of Western Australia, M084, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - John Beardall
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, VIC 3800, Australia
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Maurel C, Boursiac Y, Luu DT, Santoni V, Shahzad Z, Verdoucq L. Aquaporins in Plants. Physiol Rev 2015; 95:1321-58. [DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00008.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 486] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Aquaporins are membrane channels that facilitate the transport of water and small neutral molecules across biological membranes of most living organisms. In plants, aquaporins occur as multiple isoforms reflecting a high diversity of cellular localizations, transport selectivity, and regulation properties. Plant aquaporins are localized in the plasma membrane, endoplasmic reticulum, vacuoles, plastids and, in some species, in membrane compartments interacting with symbiotic organisms. Plant aquaporins can transport various physiological substrates in addition to water. Of particular relevance for plants is the transport of dissolved gases such as carbon dioxide and ammonia or metalloids such as boron and silicon. Structure-function studies are developed to address the molecular and cellular mechanisms of plant aquaporin gating and subcellular trafficking. Phosphorylation plays a central role in these two processes. These mechanisms allow aquaporin regulation in response to signaling intermediates such as cytosolic pH and calcium, and reactive oxygen species. Combined genetic and physiological approaches are now integrating this knowledge, showing that aquaporins play key roles in hydraulic regulation in roots and leaves, during drought but also in response to stimuli as diverse as flooding, nutrient availability, temperature, or light. A general hydraulic control of plant tissue expansion by aquaporins is emerging, and their role in key developmental processes (seed germination, emergence of lateral roots) has been established. Plants with genetically altered aquaporin functions are now tested for their ability to improve plant tolerance to stresses. In conclusion, research on aquaporins delineates ever expanding fields in plant integrative biology thereby establishing their crucial role in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Maurel
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5004, CNRS/INRA/Montpellier SupAgro/Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Yann Boursiac
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5004, CNRS/INRA/Montpellier SupAgro/Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Doan-Trung Luu
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5004, CNRS/INRA/Montpellier SupAgro/Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Véronique Santoni
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5004, CNRS/INRA/Montpellier SupAgro/Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Zaigham Shahzad
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5004, CNRS/INRA/Montpellier SupAgro/Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Lionel Verdoucq
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5004, CNRS/INRA/Montpellier SupAgro/Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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Katsuhara M, Tsuji N, Shibasaka M, Panda SK. Osmotic stress decreases PIP aquaporin transcripts in barley roots but H2O2 is not involved in this process. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2014; 127:787-792. [PMID: 25193635 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-014-0662-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Previous reports indicate that salt stress reduces the root hydraulic conductance and the expression of plasmamembrane-type aquaporins (PIPs). As a molecular mechanism for this phenomenon, the present study found evidence that the osmotic component, but probably not an ion-specific component, decreases PIP transcripts. Eight of ten PIP transcripts were reduced to less than half by 360 mM mannitol treatment for 12 h in comparison with control samples. A large decrease of HvPIP2;1 protein was also recorded. This reduction of both transcripts and proteins of HvPIP2s should be physiologically effective for preventing or reducing dehydration at an initial phase of severe salt/osmotic stress. Root cell sap osmolality increased from 278 to 372 mOsm 24 h after 360 mM mannitol treatment. These steps can secure survival and growth recovery with water reabsorption in barley. Our data also suggest that H2O2 seems not to be the main cause of osmotic stress-induced transcriptional down-regulation within the concentrations (20-500 μM) and time periods (24 h) examined, although H2O2 was previously proposed to be involved in the mechanisms of salinity/osmotic tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maki Katsuhara
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, 20-1, Chuo-2-chome, Kurashiki, Okayama, 710-0046, Japan,
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Harfouche A, Meilan R, Altman A. Molecular and physiological responses to abiotic stress in forest trees and their relevance to tree improvement. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 34:1181-98. [PMID: 24695726 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpu012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Abiotic stresses, such as drought, salinity and cold, are the major environmental stresses that adversely affect tree growth and, thus, forest productivity, and play a major role in determining the geographic distribution of tree species. Tree responses and tolerance to abiotic stress are complex biological processes that are best analyzed at a systems level using genetic, genomic, metabolomic and phenomic approaches. This will expedite the dissection of stress-sensing and signaling networks to further support efficient genetic improvement programs. Enormous genetic diversity for stress tolerance exists within some forest-tree species, and due to advances in sequencing technologies the molecular genetic basis for this diversity has been rapidly unfolding in recent years. In addition, the use of emerging phenotyping technologies extends the suite of traits that can be measured and will provide us with a better understanding of stress tolerance. The elucidation of abiotic stress-tolerance mechanisms will allow for effective pyramiding of multiple tolerances in a single tree through genetic engineering. Here we review recent progress in the dissection of the molecular basis of abiotic stress tolerance in forest trees, with special emphasis on Populus, Pinus, Picea, Eucalyptus and Quercus spp. We also outline practices that will enable the deployment of trees engineered for abiotic stress tolerance to land owners. Finally, recommendations for future work are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Harfouche
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-food and Forest systems, University of Tuscia, Via S. Camillo de Lellis, Viterbo 01100, Italy
| | - Richard Meilan
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, 715 West State Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2061, USA
| | - Arie Altman
- Faculty of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Quality Sciences, The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, PO Box 12, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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25
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Nada RM, Abogadallah GM. Aquaporins are major determinants of water use efficiency of rice plants in the field. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2014; 227:165-80. [PMID: 25219318 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2014.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Revised: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 08/15/2014] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed at specifying the reasons of unbalanced water relations of rice in the field at midday which results in slowing down photosynthesis and reducing water use efficiency (WUE) in japonica and indica rice under well-watered and droughted conditions. Leaf relative water content (RWC) decreased in the well-watered plants at midday in the field, but more dramatically in the droughted indica (75.6 and 71.4%) than japonica cultivars (85.5 and 80.8%). Gas exchange was measured at three points during the day (9:00, 13:00 and 17:00). Leaf internal CO2 (Ci) was not depleted when midday stomatal depression was highest indicating that Ci was not limiting to photosynthesis. Most aquaporins were predominantly expressed in leaves suggesting higher water permeability in leaves than in roots. The expression of leaf aquaporins was further induced by drought at 9:00 without comparable responses in roots. The data suggest that aquaporin expression in the root endodermis was limiting to water uptake. Upon removal of the radial barriers to water flow in roots, transpiration increased instantly and photosynthesis increased after 4h resulting in increasing WUE after 4h, demonstrating that WUE in rice is largely limited by the inadequate aquaporin expression profiles in roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reham M Nada
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Damietta University, New Damietta 34517, Egypt
| | - Gaber M Abogadallah
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Damietta University, New Damietta 34517, Egypt.
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Perez-Martin A, Michelazzo C, Torres-Ruiz JM, Flexas J, Fernández JE, Sebastiani L, Diaz-Espejo A. Regulation of photosynthesis and stomatal and mesophyll conductance under water stress and recovery in olive trees: correlation with gene expression of carbonic anhydrase and aquaporins. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2014; 65:3143-56. [PMID: 24799563 PMCID: PMC4071832 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eru160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The hypothesis that aquaporins and carbonic anhydrase (CA) are involved in the regulation of stomatal (g s) and mesophyll (g m) conductance to CO2 was tested in a short-term water-stress and recovery experiment in 5-year-old olive plants (Olea europaea) growing outdoors. The evolution of leaf gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence, and plant water status, and a quantitative analysis of photosynthesis limitations, were followed during water stress and recovery. These variables were correlated with gene expression of the aquaporins OePIP1.1 and OePIP2.1, and stromal CA. At mild stress and at the beginning of the recovery period, stomatal limitations prevailed, while the decline in g m accounted for up to 60% of photosynthesis limitations under severe water stress. However, g m was restored to control values shortly after rewatering, facilitating the recovery of the photosynthetic rate. CA was downregulated during water stress and upregulated after recovery. The use of structural equation modelling allowed us to conclude that both OePIP1.1 and OePIP2.1 expression could explain most of the variations observed for g s and g m. CA expression also had a small but significant effect on g m in olive under water-stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Perez-Martin
- Group of Irrigation and Crop Ecophysiology, Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología, IRNAS-CSIC, Apartado 1052, 41080, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Chiara Michelazzo
- Biolabs, ISV, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Piazza M. della Libertà 33, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Jose M Torres-Ruiz
- Group of Irrigation and Crop Ecophysiology, Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología, IRNAS-CSIC, Apartado 1052, 41080, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Jaume Flexas
- Research Group in Plant Biology under Mediterranean Conditions, Universitat de les Illes Balears; Carretera de Valldemossa Km 7.5, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain
| | - José E Fernández
- Group of Irrigation and Crop Ecophysiology, Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología, IRNAS-CSIC, Apartado 1052, 41080, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Luca Sebastiani
- Biolabs, ISV, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Piazza M. della Libertà 33, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Antonio Diaz-Espejo
- Group of Irrigation and Crop Ecophysiology, Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología, IRNAS-CSIC, Apartado 1052, 41080, Sevilla, Spain
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Sawaki Y, Kobayashi Y, Kihara-Doi T, Nishikubo N, Kawazu T, Kobayashi M, Kobayashi Y, Iuchi S, Koyama H, Sato S. Identification of a STOP1-like protein in Eucalyptus that regulates transcription of Al tolerance genes. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2014; 223:8-15. [PMID: 24767110 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2014.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2013] [Revised: 02/18/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Tolerance to soil acidity is an important trait for eucalyptus clones that are introduced to commercial forestry plantations in pacific Asian countries, where acidic soil is dominant in many locations. A conserved transcription factor regulating aluminum (Al) and proton (H⁺) tolerance in land-plant species, STOP1 (SENSITIVE TOPROTON RHIZOTOXICITY 1)-like protein, was isolated by polymerase chain reaction-based cloning, and then suppressed by RNA interference in hairy roots produced by Agrobacterium rhizogenes-mediated transformation. Eucalyptus STOP1-like protein complemented proton tolerance in an Arabidopsis thaliana stop1-mutant, and localized to the nucleus in a transient assay of a green fluorescent protein fusion protein expressed in tobacco leaves by Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation. Genes encoding a citrate transporting MULTIDRUGS AND TOXIC COMPOUND EXTRUSION protein and an orthologue of ALUMINUM SENSITIVE 3 were suppressed in transgenic hairy roots in which the STOP1 orthologue was knocked down. In summary, we identified a series of genes for Al-tolerance in eucalyptus, including a gene for STOP1-like protein and the Al-tolerance genes it regulates. These genes may be useful for molecular breeding and genomic selection of elite clones to introduce into acid soil regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiharu Sawaki
- Forestry Research Institute, Oji Paper Co., Ltd., 24-9 Nobono-Cho, Kameyama, Mie 519-0212, Japan
| | - Yuriko Kobayashi
- Forestry Research Institute, Oji Paper Co., Ltd., 24-9 Nobono-Cho, Kameyama, Mie 519-0212, Japan; Laboratory of Plant Cell Technology, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Tomonori Kihara-Doi
- Forest Technology Laboratories, Research & Development Division, Oji Paper Co., Ltd., 1-10-6 Shinonome, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-8558, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Nishikubo
- Forest Technology Laboratories, Research & Development Division, Oji Paper Co., Ltd., 1-10-6 Shinonome, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-8558, Japan
| | - Tetsu Kawazu
- Forest Technology Laboratories, Research & Development Division, Oji Paper Co., Ltd., 1-10-6 Shinonome, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-8558, Japan
| | - Masatomo Kobayashi
- BioResources Center, RIKEN, 3-1-1 Koyadai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0074, Japan
| | - Yasufumi Kobayashi
- Laboratory of Plant Cell Technology, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Satoshi Iuchi
- BioResources Center, RIKEN, 3-1-1 Koyadai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0074, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Koyama
- Laboratory of Plant Cell Technology, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Shigeru Sato
- Forest Technology Laboratories, Research & Development Division, Oji Paper Co., Ltd., 1-10-6 Shinonome, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-8558, Japan.
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Secchi F, Zwieniecki MA. Down-regulation of plasma intrinsic protein1 aquaporin in poplar trees is detrimental to recovery from embolism. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 164:1789-99. [PMID: 24572173 PMCID: PMC3982741 DOI: 10.1104/pp.114.237511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2014] [Accepted: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
During their lifecycles, trees encounter multiple events of water stress that often result in embolism formation and temporal decreases in xylem transport capacity. The restoration of xylem transport capacity requires changes in cell metabolic activity and gene expression. Specifically, in poplar (Populus spp.), the formation of xylem embolisms leads to a clear up-regulation of plasma membrane protein1 (PIP1) aquaporin genes. To determine their role in poplar response to water stress, transgenic Populus tremula × Populus alba plants characterized by the strong down-regulation of multiple isoforms belonging to the PIP1 subfamily were used. Transgenic lines showed that they are more vulnerable to embolism, with 50% percent loss of conductance occurring 0.3 MPa earlier than in wild-type plants, and that they also have a reduced capacity to restore xylem conductance during recovery. Transgenic plants also show symptoms of a reduced capacity to control percent loss of conductance through stomatal conductance in response to drought, because they have a much narrower vulnerability safety margin. Finally, a delay in stomatal conductance recovery during the period of stress relief was observed. The presented results suggest that PIP1 genes are involved in the maintenance of xylem transport system capacity, in the promotion of recovery from stress, and in contribution to a plant's control of stomatal conductance under water stress.
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Martinez-Ballesta MDC, Carvajal M. New challenges in plant aquaporin biotechnology. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2014; 217-218:71-7. [PMID: 24467898 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2013.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2013] [Revised: 12/04/2013] [Accepted: 12/05/2013] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances concerning genetic manipulation provide new perspectives regarding the improvement of the physiological responses in herbaceous and woody plants to abiotic stresses. The beneficial or negative effects of these manipulations on plant physiology are discussed, underlining the role of aquaporin isoforms as representative markers of water uptake and whole plant water status. Increasing water use efficiency and the promotion of plant water retention seem to be critical goals in the improvement of plant tolerance to abiotic stress. However, newly uncovered mechanisms, such as aquaporin functions and regulation, may be essential for the beneficial effects seen in plants overexpressing aquaporin genes. Under distinct stress conditions, differences in the phenotype of transgenic plants where aquaporins were manipulated need to be analyzed. In the development of nano-technologies for agricultural practices, multiple-walled carbon nanotubes promoted plant germination and cell growth. Their effects on aquaporins need further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Micaela Carvajal
- Department of Plant Nutrition, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura - CSIC, Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
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Rodrigues MI, Bravo JP, Sassaki FT, Severino FE, Maia IG. The tonoplast intrinsic aquaporin (TIP) subfamily of Eucalyptus grandis: Characterization of EgTIP2, a root-specific and osmotic stress-responsive gene. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2013; 213:106-13. [PMID: 24157213 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2013.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2013] [Revised: 09/04/2013] [Accepted: 09/06/2013] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Aquaporins have important roles in various physiological processes in plants, including growth, development and adaptation to stress. In this study, a gene encoding a root-specific tonoplast intrinsic aquaporin (TIP) from Eucalyptus grandis (named EgTIP2) was investigated. The root-specific expression of EgTIP2 was validated over a panel of five eucalyptus organ/tissues. In eucalyptus roots, EgTIP2 expression was significantly induced by osmotic stress imposed by PEG treatment. Histochemical analysis of transgenic tobacco lines (Nicotiana tabacum SR1) harboring an EgTIP2 promoter:GUS reporter cassette revealed major GUS staining in the vasculature and in root tips. Consistent with its osmotic-stress inducible expression in eucalyptus, EgTIP2 promoter activity was up-regulated by mannitol treatment, but was down-regulated by abscisic acid. Taken together, these results suggest that EgTIP2 might be involved in eucalyptus response to drought. Additional searches in the eucalyptus genome revealed the presence of four additional putative TIP coding genes, which could be individually assigned to the classical TIP1-5 groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela I Rodrigues
- UNESP, Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Genética, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
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31
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Dubouzet JG, Strabala TJ, Wagner A. Potential transgenic routes to increase tree biomass. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2013; 212:72-101. [PMID: 24094056 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2013.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2013] [Revised: 08/21/2013] [Accepted: 08/22/2013] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Biomass is a prime target for genetic engineering in forestry because increased biomass yield will benefit most downstream applications such as timber, fiber, pulp, paper, and bioenergy production. Transgenesis can increase biomass by improving resource acquisition and product utilization and by enhancing competitive ability for solar energy, water, and mineral nutrients. Transgenes that affect juvenility, winter dormancy, and flowering have been shown to influence biomass as well. Transgenic approaches have increased yield potential by mitigating the adverse effects of prevailing stress factors in the environment. Simultaneous introduction of multiple genes for resistance to various stress factors into trees may help forest trees cope with multiple or changing environments. We propose multi-trait engineering for tree crops, simultaneously deploying multiple independent genes to address a set of genetically uncorrelated traits that are important for crop improvement. This strategy increases the probability of unpredictable (synergistic or detrimental) interactions that may substantially affect the overall phenotype and its long-term performance. The very limited ability to predict the physiological processes that may be impacted by such a strategy requires vigilance and care during implementation. Hence, we recommend close monitoring of the resultant transgenic genotypes in multi-year, multi-location field trials.
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He CY, Cui K, Zhang JG, Duan AG, Zeng YF. Next-generation sequencing-based mRNA and microRNA expression profiling analysis revealed pathways involved in the rapid growth of developing culms in Moso bamboo. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2013; 13:119. [PMID: 23964682 PMCID: PMC3765735 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2229-13-119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2013] [Accepted: 08/15/2013] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As one of the fastest-growing lignocellulose-abundant plants on Earth, bamboos can reach their final height quickly due to the expansion of individual internodes already present in the buds; however, the molecular processes underlying this phenomenon remain unclear. Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys heterocycla cv. Pubescens) internodes from four different developmental stages and three different internodes within the same stage were used in our study to investigate the molecular processes at the transcriptome and post-transcriptome level. RESULTS Our anatomical observations indicated the development of culms was dominated by cell division in the initial stages and by cell elongation in the middle and late stages. The four major endogenous hormones appeared to actively promote culm development. Using next-generation sequencing-based RNA-Seq, mRNA and microRNA expression profiling technology, we produced a transcriptome and post-transcriptome in possession of a large fraction of annotated Moso bamboo genes, and provided a molecular basis underlying the phenomenon of sequentially elongated internodes from the base to the top. Several key pathways such as environmental adaptation, signal transduction, translation, transport and many metabolisms were identified as involved in the rapid elongation of bamboo culms. CONCLUSIONS This is the first report on the temporal and spatial transcriptome and gene expression and microRNA profiling in a developing bamboo culms. In addition to gaining more insight into the unique growth characteristics of bamboo, we provide a good case study to analyze gene, microRNA expression and profiling of non-model plant species using high-throughput short-read sequencing. Also, we demonstrate that the integrated analysis of our multi-omics data, including transcriptome, post-transcriptome, proteome, yield more complete representations and additional biological insights, especially the complex dynamic processes occurring in Moso bamboo culms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cai-yun He
- State key laboratory of tree genetics and breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
- Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation, State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Kai Cui
- State key laboratory of tree genetics and breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
- Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation, State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
- Research Institute of Resources Insects, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Jian-guo Zhang
- State key laboratory of tree genetics and breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
- Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation, State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Ai-guo Duan
- State key laboratory of tree genetics and breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
- Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation, State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Yan-fei Zeng
- State key laboratory of tree genetics and breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
- Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation, State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
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Kawase M, Hanba YT, Katsuhara M. The photosynthetic response of tobacco plants overexpressing ice plant aquaporin McMIPB to a soil water deficit and high vapor pressure deficit. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2013; 126:517-27. [PMID: 23371744 PMCID: PMC3695330 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-013-0548-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2012] [Accepted: 12/20/2012] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the photosynthetic capacity and plant growth of tobacco plants overexpressing ice plant (Mesembryanthemum crystallinum L.) aquaporin McMIPB under (1) a well-watered growth condition, (2) a well-watered and temporal higher vapor pressure deficit (VPD) condition, and (3) a soil water deficit growth condition to investigate the effect of McMIPB on photosynthetic responses under moderate soil and atmospheric humidity and water deficit conditions. Transgenic plants showed a significantly higher photosynthesis rate (by 48 %), higher mesophyll conductance (by 52 %), and enhanced growth under the well-watered growth condition than those of control plants. Decreases in the photosynthesis rate and stomatal conductance from ambient to higher VPD were slightly higher in transgenic plants than those in control plants. When plants were grown under the soil water deficit condition, decreases in the photosynthesis rate and stomatal conductance were less significant in transgenic plants than those in control plants. McMIPB is likely to work as a CO2 transporter, as well as control the regulation of stomata to water deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miki Kawase
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8585 Japan
| | - Yuko T. Hanba
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8585 Japan
| | - Maki Katsuhara
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Chuo, Kurashiki, Okayama 710-0046 Japan
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34
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Gao W, Bai S, Li Q, Gao C, Liu G, Li G, Tan F. Overexpression of TaLEA gene from Tamarix androssowii improves salt and drought tolerance in transgenic poplar (Populus simonii × P. nigra). PLoS One 2013; 8:e67462. [PMID: 23840708 PMCID: PMC3696074 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0067462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2013] [Accepted: 05/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) genes were confirmed to confer resistance to drought and water deficiency. An LEA gene from Tamarixandrossowii (named TaLEA) was transformed into Xiaohei poplar (Populussimonii × P. nigra) via Agrobacterium. Twenty-five independent transgenic lines were obtained that were resistant to kanamycin, and 11 transgenic lines were randomly selected for further analysis. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and ribonucleic acid (RNA) gel blot indicated that the TaLEA gene had been integrated into the poplar genome. The height growth rate, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, relative electrolyte leakage and damages due to salt or drought to transgenic and non-transgenic plants were compared under salt and drought stress conditions. The results showed that the constitutive expression of the TaLEA gene in transgenic poplars could induce an increase in height growth rate and a decrease in number and severity of wilted leaves under the salt and drought stresses. The MDA content and relative electrolyte leakage in transgenic lines under salt and drought stresses were significantly lower compared to those in non-transgenic plants, indicating that the TaLEA gene may enhance salt and drought tolerance by protecting cell membranes from damage. Moreover, amongst the lines analyzed for stress tolerance, the transgenic line 11 (T11) showed the highest tolerance levels under both salinity and drought stress conditions. These results indicated that the TaLEA gene could be a salt and drought tolerance candidate gene and could confer a broad spectrum of tolerance under abiotic stresses in poplars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weidong Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Shuang Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
- Engineering & Garden Department of Beijing Ba Da Chu Park, Beijing, China
| | - Qingmei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Caiqiu Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Guifeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Guangde Li
- School of Agroforestry & Medicine, the Open University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Feili Tan
- School of Life Science & Technology, Zhanjiang Normal University, Zhanjiang, China
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35
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Perrone I, Gambino G, Chitarra W, Vitali M, Pagliarani C, Riccomagno N, Balestrini R, Kaldenhoff R, Uehlein N, Gribaudo I, Schubert A, Lovisolo C. The grapevine root-specific aquaporin VvPIP2;4N controls root hydraulic conductance and leaf gas exchange under well-watered conditions but not under water stress. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2012; 160:965-77. [PMID: 22923680 PMCID: PMC3461569 DOI: 10.1104/pp.112.203455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2012] [Accepted: 08/21/2012] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
We functionally characterized the grape (Vitis vinifera) VvPIP2;4N (for Plasma membrane Intrinsic Protein) aquaporin gene. Expression of VvPIP2;4N in Xenopus laevis oocytes increased their swelling rate 54-fold. Northern blot and quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analyses showed that VvPIP2;4N is the most expressed PIP2 gene in root. In situ hybridization confirmed root localization in the cortical parenchyma and close to the endodermis. We then constitutively overexpressed VvPIP2;4N in grape 'Brachetto', and in the resulting transgenic plants we analyzed (1) the expression of endogenous and transgenic VvPIP2;4N and of four other aquaporins, (2) whole-plant, root, and leaf ecophysiological parameters, and (3) leaf abscisic acid content. Expression of transgenic VvPIP2;4N inhibited neither the expression of the endogenous gene nor that of other PIP aquaporins in both root and leaf. Under well-watered conditions, transgenic plants showed higher stomatal conductance, gas exchange, and shoot growth. The expression level of VvPIP2;4N (endogenous + transgene) was inversely correlated to root hydraulic resistance. The leaf component of total plant hydraulic resistance was low and unaffected by overexpression of VvPIP2;4N. Upon water stress, the overexpression of VvPIP2;4N induced a surge in leaf abscisic acid content and a decrease in stomatal conductance and leaf gas exchange. Our results show that aquaporin-mediated modifications of root hydraulics play a substantial role in the regulation of water flow in well-watered grapevine plants, while they have a minor role upon drought, probably because other signals, such as abscisic acid, take over the control of water flow.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Walter Chitarra
- Department of Agricultural, Forestry, and Food Sciences, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy (I.P., W.C., M.V., C.P., N.R., A.S., C.L.); Plant Virology Institute, National Research Council, Grugliasco Unit, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy (G.G., I.G., C.L.); Plant Protection Institute, National Research Council, Torino Unit, 10125 Turin, Italy (R.B.); and Darmstadt University of Technology, Applied Plant Science, D–64287 Darmstadt, Germany (R.K., N.U.)
| | - Marco Vitali
- Department of Agricultural, Forestry, and Food Sciences, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy (I.P., W.C., M.V., C.P., N.R., A.S., C.L.); Plant Virology Institute, National Research Council, Grugliasco Unit, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy (G.G., I.G., C.L.); Plant Protection Institute, National Research Council, Torino Unit, 10125 Turin, Italy (R.B.); and Darmstadt University of Technology, Applied Plant Science, D–64287 Darmstadt, Germany (R.K., N.U.)
| | - Chiara Pagliarani
- Department of Agricultural, Forestry, and Food Sciences, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy (I.P., W.C., M.V., C.P., N.R., A.S., C.L.); Plant Virology Institute, National Research Council, Grugliasco Unit, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy (G.G., I.G., C.L.); Plant Protection Institute, National Research Council, Torino Unit, 10125 Turin, Italy (R.B.); and Darmstadt University of Technology, Applied Plant Science, D–64287 Darmstadt, Germany (R.K., N.U.)
| | - Nadia Riccomagno
- Department of Agricultural, Forestry, and Food Sciences, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy (I.P., W.C., M.V., C.P., N.R., A.S., C.L.); Plant Virology Institute, National Research Council, Grugliasco Unit, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy (G.G., I.G., C.L.); Plant Protection Institute, National Research Council, Torino Unit, 10125 Turin, Italy (R.B.); and Darmstadt University of Technology, Applied Plant Science, D–64287 Darmstadt, Germany (R.K., N.U.)
| | - Raffaella Balestrini
- Department of Agricultural, Forestry, and Food Sciences, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy (I.P., W.C., M.V., C.P., N.R., A.S., C.L.); Plant Virology Institute, National Research Council, Grugliasco Unit, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy (G.G., I.G., C.L.); Plant Protection Institute, National Research Council, Torino Unit, 10125 Turin, Italy (R.B.); and Darmstadt University of Technology, Applied Plant Science, D–64287 Darmstadt, Germany (R.K., N.U.)
| | - Ralf Kaldenhoff
- Department of Agricultural, Forestry, and Food Sciences, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy (I.P., W.C., M.V., C.P., N.R., A.S., C.L.); Plant Virology Institute, National Research Council, Grugliasco Unit, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy (G.G., I.G., C.L.); Plant Protection Institute, National Research Council, Torino Unit, 10125 Turin, Italy (R.B.); and Darmstadt University of Technology, Applied Plant Science, D–64287 Darmstadt, Germany (R.K., N.U.)
| | - Norbert Uehlein
- Department of Agricultural, Forestry, and Food Sciences, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy (I.P., W.C., M.V., C.P., N.R., A.S., C.L.); Plant Virology Institute, National Research Council, Grugliasco Unit, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy (G.G., I.G., C.L.); Plant Protection Institute, National Research Council, Torino Unit, 10125 Turin, Italy (R.B.); and Darmstadt University of Technology, Applied Plant Science, D–64287 Darmstadt, Germany (R.K., N.U.)
| | - Ivana Gribaudo
- Department of Agricultural, Forestry, and Food Sciences, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy (I.P., W.C., M.V., C.P., N.R., A.S., C.L.); Plant Virology Institute, National Research Council, Grugliasco Unit, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy (G.G., I.G., C.L.); Plant Protection Institute, National Research Council, Torino Unit, 10125 Turin, Italy (R.B.); and Darmstadt University of Technology, Applied Plant Science, D–64287 Darmstadt, Germany (R.K., N.U.)
| | - Andrea Schubert
- Department of Agricultural, Forestry, and Food Sciences, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy (I.P., W.C., M.V., C.P., N.R., A.S., C.L.); Plant Virology Institute, National Research Council, Grugliasco Unit, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy (G.G., I.G., C.L.); Plant Protection Institute, National Research Council, Torino Unit, 10125 Turin, Italy (R.B.); and Darmstadt University of Technology, Applied Plant Science, D–64287 Darmstadt, Germany (R.K., N.U.)
| | - Claudio Lovisolo
- Department of Agricultural, Forestry, and Food Sciences, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy (I.P., W.C., M.V., C.P., N.R., A.S., C.L.); Plant Virology Institute, National Research Council, Grugliasco Unit, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy (G.G., I.G., C.L.); Plant Protection Institute, National Research Council, Torino Unit, 10125 Turin, Italy (R.B.); and Darmstadt University of Technology, Applied Plant Science, D–64287 Darmstadt, Germany (R.K., N.U.)
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Ghanem ME, Hichri I, Smigocki AC, Albacete A, Fauconnier ML, Diatloff E, Martinez-Andujar C, Lutts S, Dodd IC, Pérez-Alfocea F. Root-targeted biotechnology to mediate hormonal signalling and improve crop stress tolerance. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2011; 30:807-23. [PMID: 21298270 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-011-1005-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2010] [Revised: 01/07/2011] [Accepted: 01/07/2011] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Since plant root systems capture both water and nutrients essential for the formation of crop yield, there has been renewed biotechnological focus on root system improvement. Although water and nutrient uptake can be facilitated by membrane proteins known as aquaporins and nutrient transporters, respectively, there is a little evidence that root-localised overexpression of these proteins improves plant growth or stress tolerance. Recent work suggests that the major classes of phytohormones are involved not only in regulating aquaporin and nutrient transporter expression and activity, but also in sculpting root system architecture. Root-specific expression of plant and bacterial phytohormone-related genes, using either root-specific or root-inducible promoters or grafting non-transformed plants onto constitutive hormone producing rootstocks, has examined the role of root hormone production in mediating crop stress tolerance. Root-specific traits such as root system architecture, sensing of edaphic stress and root-to-shoot communication can be exploited to improve resource (water and nutrients) capture and plant development under resource-limited conditions. Thus, root system engineering provides new opportunities to maintain sustainable crop production under changing environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Edmond Ghanem
- Groupe de Recherche en Physiologie végétale, Earth and Life Institute (ELI-A), Université catholique de Louvain, 1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
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