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Fan L, Dai H, Zhou W, Yuan L, Yang J, Yang Z, Jiao XA. Unraveling the significance of calcium as a biofilm promotion signal for Bacillus licheniformis strains isolated from dairy products. Food Res Int 2024; 182:114145. [PMID: 38519175 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
Bacillus licheniformis, a quick and strong biofilm former, is served as a persistent microbial contamination in the dairy industry. Its biofilm formation process is usually regulated by environmental factors including the divalent cation Ca2+. This work aims to investigate how different concentrations of Ca2+ change biofilm-related phenotypes (bacterial motility, biofilm-forming capacity, biofilm structures, and EPS production) of dairy B. licheniformis strains. The Ca2+ ions dependent regulation mechanism for B. licheniformis biofilm formation was further investigated by RNA-sequencing analysis. Results revealed that supplementation of Ca2+ increased B. licheniformis biofilm formation in a dose-dependent way, and enhanced average coverage and thickness of biofilms with complex structures were observed by confocal laser scanning microscopy. Bacterial mobility of B. licheniformis was increased by the supplementation of Ca2+ except the swarming ability at 20 mM of Ca2+. The addition of Ca2+ decreased the contents of polysaccharides but promoted proteins production in EPS, and the ratio of proteins/polysaccharides content was significantly enhanced with increasing Ca2+ concentrations. RNA-sequencing results clearly indicated the variation in regulating biofilm formation under different Ca2+ concentrations, as 939 (671 upregulated and 268 downregulated) and 951 genes (581 upregulated and 370 downregulated) in B. licheniformis BL2-11 were induced by 10 and 20 mM of Ca2+, respectively. Differential genes were annotated in various KEGG pathways, including flagellar assembly, two-component system, quorum sensing, ABC transporters, and related carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism pathways. Collectively, the results unravel the significance of Ca2+ as a biofilm-promoting signal for B. licheniformis in the dairy industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyao Fan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225127, China
| | - Hongchao Dai
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225127, China
| | - Wenyuan Zhou
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225127, China
| | - Lei Yuan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225127, China; Key Laboratory of Dairy Science (Northeast Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China.
| | - Jia Yang
- Yangzhou Institute for Food and Drug Control, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225106, China
| | - Zhenquan Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225127, China
| | - Xin-An Jiao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
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2
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Liu Y, Xu Z, Chen L, Xun W, Shu X, Chen Y, Sun X, Wang Z, Ren Y, Shen Q, Zhang R. Root colonization by beneficial rhizobacteria. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2024; 48:fuad066. [PMID: 38093453 PMCID: PMC10786197 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuad066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Rhizosphere microbes play critical roles for plant's growth and health. Among them, the beneficial rhizobacteria have the potential to be developed as the biofertilizer or bioinoculants for sustaining the agricultural development. The efficient rhizosphere colonization of these rhizobacteria is a prerequisite for exerting their plant beneficial functions, but the colonizing process and underlying mechanisms have not been thoroughly reviewed, especially for the nonsymbiotic beneficial rhizobacteria. This review systematically analyzed the root colonizing process of the nonsymbiotic rhizobacteria and compared it with that of the symbiotic and pathogenic bacteria. This review also highlighted the approaches to improve the root colonization efficiency and proposed to study the rhizobacterial colonization from a holistic perspective of the rhizosphere microbiome under more natural conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunpeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-Arid Arable Land in Northern China, The Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing 100081, P.R. China
| | - Zhihui Xu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, National Engineering Research Center for Organic-Based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, 6 Tongwei Road, Nanjing 210095, P.R. China
| | - Lin Chen
- Experimental Center of Forestry in North China, Chinese Academy of Forestry, 1 Shuizha West Road, Beijing 102300, P.R. China
| | - Weibing Xun
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, National Engineering Research Center for Organic-Based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, 6 Tongwei Road, Nanjing 210095, P.R. China
| | - Xia Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-Arid Arable Land in Northern China, The Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing 100081, P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, 1 Shizishan Street, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Yu Chen
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, National Engineering Research Center for Organic-Based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, 6 Tongwei Road, Nanjing 210095, P.R. China
| | - Xinli Sun
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, National Engineering Research Center for Organic-Based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, 6 Tongwei Road, Nanjing 210095, P.R. China
| | - Zhengqi Wang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, National Engineering Research Center for Organic-Based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, 6 Tongwei Road, Nanjing 210095, P.R. China
| | - Yi Ren
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, National Engineering Research Center for Organic-Based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, 6 Tongwei Road, Nanjing 210095, P.R. China
| | - Qirong Shen
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, National Engineering Research Center for Organic-Based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, 6 Tongwei Road, Nanjing 210095, P.R. China
| | - Ruifu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-Arid Arable Land in Northern China, The Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing 100081, P.R. China
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, National Engineering Research Center for Organic-Based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, 6 Tongwei Road, Nanjing 210095, P.R. China
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3
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Guo Q, Zhan Y, Zhang W, Wang J, Yan Y, Wang W, Lin M. Development and Regulation of the Extreme Biofilm Formation of Deinococcus radiodurans R1 under Extreme Environmental Conditions. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:421. [PMID: 38203592 PMCID: PMC10778927 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
To grow in various harsh environments, extremophiles have developed extraordinary strategies such as biofilm formation, which is an extremely complex and progressive process. However, the genetic elements and exact mechanisms underlying extreme biofilm formation remain enigmatic. Here, we characterized the biofilm-forming ability of Deinococcus radiodurans in vitro under extreme environmental conditions and found that extremely high concentrations of NaCl or sorbitol could induce biofilm formation. Meantime, the survival ability of biofilm cells was superior to that of planktonic cells in different extreme conditions, such as hydrogen peroxide stress, sorbitol stress, and high UV radiation. Transcriptome profiles of D. radiodurans in four different biofilm development stages further revealed that only 13 matched genes, which are involved in environmental information processing, carbohydrate metabolism, or stress responses, share sequence homology with genes related to the biofilm formation of Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus. Overall, 64% of the differentially expressed genes are functionally unknown, indicating the specificity of the regulatory network of D. radiodurans. The mutation of the drRRA gene encoding a response regulator strongly impaired biofilm formation ability, implying that DrRRA is an essential component of the biofilm formation of D. radiodurans. Furthermore, transcripts from both the wild type and the drRRA mutant were compared, showing that the expression of drBON1 (Deinococcus radioduransBON domain-containing protein 1) significantly decreased in the drRRA mutant during biofilm development. Further analysis revealed that the drBON1 mutant lacked the ability to form biofilm and DrRRA, and as a facilitator of biofilm formation, could directly stimulate the transcription of the biofilm-related gene drBON1. Overall, our work highlights a molecular mechanism mediated by the response regulator DrRRA for controlling extreme biofilm formation and thus provides guidance for future studies to investigate novel mechanisms that are used by D. radiodurans to adapt to extreme environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiannan Guo
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (Q.G.); (Y.Z.); (W.Z.); (J.W.); (Y.Y.); (W.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiome (MARA), Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yuhua Zhan
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (Q.G.); (Y.Z.); (W.Z.); (J.W.); (Y.Y.); (W.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiome (MARA), Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (Q.G.); (Y.Z.); (W.Z.); (J.W.); (Y.Y.); (W.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiome (MARA), Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jin Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (Q.G.); (Y.Z.); (W.Z.); (J.W.); (Y.Y.); (W.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiome (MARA), Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yongliang Yan
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (Q.G.); (Y.Z.); (W.Z.); (J.W.); (Y.Y.); (W.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiome (MARA), Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Wenxiu Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (Q.G.); (Y.Z.); (W.Z.); (J.W.); (Y.Y.); (W.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiome (MARA), Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Min Lin
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (Q.G.); (Y.Z.); (W.Z.); (J.W.); (Y.Y.); (W.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiome (MARA), Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
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4
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Sokolov S, Brovko F, Solonin A, Nikanova D, Fursova K, Artyemieva O, Kolodina E, Sorokin A, Shchannikova M, Dzhelyadin T, Ermakov A, Boziev K, Zinovieva N. Genomic analysis and assessment of pathogenic (toxicogenic) potential of Staphylococcus haemolyticus and Bacillus paranthracis consortia isolated from bovine mastitis in Russia. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18646. [PMID: 37903798 PMCID: PMC10616132 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45643-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Three stable microbial consortia, each composed of Bacillus paranthracis and Staphylococcus haemolyticus strains, were isolated from milk of cows diagnosed with mastitis in three geographically remote regions of Russia. The composition of these consortia remained stable following multiple passages on culture media. Apparently, this stability is due to the structure of the microbial biofilms formed by the communities. The virulence of the consortia depended on the B. paranthracis strains. It seems plausible that the ability of the consortia to cause mastitis in cattle was affected by mutations of the cytK gene of B. paranthracis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergei Sokolov
- Laboratory of Microbiology, L.K. Ernst Federal Science Center for Animal Husbandry, Dubrovitsy, 142132, Russia.
- Laboratory of Plasmid Biology, Federal Research Center "Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Researches", G.K. Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry & Physiology of Microorganisms of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, 142290, Russia.
| | - Fedor Brovko
- Laboratory of Microbiology, L.K. Ernst Federal Science Center for Animal Husbandry, Dubrovitsy, 142132, Russia
- Laboratory of Immunochemistry, Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, 142290, Russia
| | - Alexander Solonin
- Laboratory of Plasmid Biology, Federal Research Center "Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Researches", G.K. Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry & Physiology of Microorganisms of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, 142290, Russia
| | - Daria Nikanova
- Laboratory of Microbiology, L.K. Ernst Federal Science Center for Animal Husbandry, Dubrovitsy, 142132, Russia
| | - Ksenia Fursova
- Laboratory of Immunochemistry, Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, 142290, Russia
| | - Olga Artyemieva
- Laboratory of Microbiology, L.K. Ernst Federal Science Center for Animal Husbandry, Dubrovitsy, 142132, Russia
| | - Evgenia Kolodina
- Laboratory of Microbiology, L.K. Ernst Federal Science Center for Animal Husbandry, Dubrovitsy, 142132, Russia
| | - Anatoly Sorokin
- Laboratory of Cell Genome Functioning Mechanisms, Federal Research Center "Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Researches", Institute of Cell Biophysics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, 142290, Russia
| | - Margarita Shchannikova
- Laboratory of Immunochemistry, Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, 142290, Russia
| | - Timur Dzhelyadin
- Laboratory of Cell Genome Functioning Mechanisms, Federal Research Center "Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Researches", Institute of Cell Biophysics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, 142290, Russia
| | - Artem Ermakov
- Laboratory of Cell Genome Functioning Mechanisms, Federal Research Center "Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Researches", Institute of Cell Biophysics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, 142290, Russia
| | - Khanafy Boziev
- Laboratory of Immunochemistry, Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, 142290, Russia
| | - Natalia Zinovieva
- Laboratory of Microbiology, L.K. Ernst Federal Science Center for Animal Husbandry, Dubrovitsy, 142132, Russia
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5
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Suissa R, Olender T, Malitsky S, Golani O, Turjeman S, Koren O, Meijler MM, Kolodkin-Gal I. Metabolic inputs in the probiotic bacterium Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus contribute to cell-wall remodeling and increased fitness. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2023; 9:71. [PMID: 37752249 PMCID: PMC10522624 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-023-00431-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) is a Gram-positive beneficial bacterium that resides in the human intestinal tract and belongs to the family of lactic acid bacteria (LAB). This bacterium is a widely used probiotic and was suggested to provide numerous benefits for human health. However, as in most LAB strains, the molecular mechanisms that mediate the competitiveness of probiotics under different diets remain unknown. Fermentation is a fundamental process in LAB, allowing the oxidation of simple carbohydrates (e.g., glucose, mannose) for energy production under oxygen limitation, as in the human gut. Our results indicate that fermentation reshapes the metabolome, volatilome, and proteome architecture of LGG. Furthermore, fermentation alters cell envelope remodeling and peptidoglycan biosynthesis, which leads to altered cell wall thickness, aggregation properties, and cell wall composition. In addition, fermentable sugars induced the secretion of known and novel metabolites and proteins targeting the enteric pathogens Enterococcus faecalis and Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium. Overall, our results link simple carbohydrates with cell wall remodeling, aggregation to host tissues, and biofilm formation in probiotic strains and connect them with the production of broad-spectrum antimicrobial effectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronit Suissa
- Department of Chemistry, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva, Israel
| | - Tsviya Olender
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Sergey Malitsky
- Life Science Core Facilities, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ofra Golani
- Life Science Core Facilities, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Sondra Turjeman
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Omry Koren
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel.
| | - Michael M Meijler
- Department of Chemistry, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva, Israel.
| | - Ilana Kolodkin-Gal
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel.
- The Scojen Institute for Synthetic Biology, Reichman University, Herzliya, Israel.
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6
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Kulkova I, Dobrzyński J, Kowalczyk P, Bełżecki G, Kramkowski K. Plant Growth Promotion Using Bacillus cereus. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119759. [PMID: 37298706 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) appear to be a sensible competitor to conventional fertilization, including mineral fertilizers and chemical plant protection products. Undoubtedly, one of the most interesting bacteria exhibiting plant-stimulating traits is, more widely known as a pathogen, Bacillus cereus. To date, several environmentally safe strains of B. cereus have been isolated and described, including B. cereus WSE01, MEN8, YL6, SA1, ALT1, ERBP, GGBSTD1, AK1, AR156, C1L, and T4S. These strains have been studied under growth chamber, greenhouse, and field conditions and have shown many significant traits, including indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) deaminase production or phosphate solubilization, which allows direct plant growth promotion. It includes an increase in biometrics traits, chemical element content (e.g., N, P, and K), and biologically active substances content or activity, e.g., antioxidant enzymes and total soluble sugar. Hence, B. cereus has supported the growth of plant species such as soybean, maize, rice, and wheat. Importantly, some B. cereus strains can also promote plant growth under abiotic stresses, including drought, salinity, and heavy metal pollution. In addition, B. cereus strains produced extracellular enzymes and antibiotic lipopeptides or triggered induced systemic resistance, which allows indirect stimulation of plant growth. As far as biocontrol is concerned, these PGPB can suppress the development of agriculturally important phytopathogens, including bacterial phytopathogens (e.g., Pseudomonas syringae, Pectobacterium carotovorum, and Ralstonia solanacearum), fungal phytopathogens (e.g., Fusarium oxysporum, Botrytis cinerea, and Rhizoctonia solani), and other phytopathogenic organisms (e.g., Meloidogyne incognita (Nematoda) and Plasmodiophora brassicae (Protozoa)). In conclusion, it should be noted that there are still few studies on the effectiveness of B. cereus under field conditions, particularly, there is a lack of comprehensive analyses comparing the PGP effects of B. cereus and mineral fertilizers, which should be reduced in favor of decreasing the use of mineral fertilizers. It is also worth mentioning that there are still very few studies on the impact of B. cereus on the indigenous microbiota and its persistence after application to soil. Further studies would help to understand the interactions between B. cereus and indigenous microbiota, subsequently contributing to increasing its effectiveness in promoting plant growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iryna Kulkova
- Institute of Technology and Life Sciences-National Research Institute, Falenty, 3 Hrabska Avenue, 05-090 Raszyn, Poland
| | - Jakub Dobrzyński
- Institute of Technology and Life Sciences-National Research Institute, Falenty, 3 Hrabska Avenue, 05-090 Raszyn, Poland
| | - Paweł Kowalczyk
- Department of Animal Nutrition, The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, Instytucka 3 Str., 05-110 Jabłonna, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Bełżecki
- Department of Animal Nutrition, The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, Instytucka 3 Str., 05-110 Jabłonna, Poland
| | - Karol Kramkowski
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Medical University of Białystok, Kilińskiego 1 Str., 15-089 Białystok, Poland
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7
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Yu YY, Zhang YY, Wang T, Huang TX, Tang SY, Jin Y, Mi DD, Zheng Y, Niu DD, Guo JH, Jiang CH. Kurstakin Triggers Multicellular Behaviors in Bacillus cereus AR156 and Enhances Disease Control Efficacy Against Rice Sheath Blight. PLANT DISEASE 2023:PDIS01220078RE. [PMID: 36205689 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-01-22-0078-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Kurstakin is the latest discovered family of lipopeptides secreted by Bacillus spp. In this study, the effects of kurstakin on the direct antagonism, multicellularity, and disease control ability of Bacillus cereus AR156 were explored. An insertion mutation in the nonribosomal peptide synthase responsible for kurstakin synthesis led to a significant reduction of antagonistic ability of AR156 against the plant-pathogenic fungi Rhizoctonia solani, Ascochyta citrullina, Fusarium graminearum, and F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense. The loss of kurstakin synthesis ability significantly impaired the swarming motility of AR156 and reduced biofilm formation and amyloid protein accumulation. Although the loss of kurstakin synthesis ability did not reduce the competitiveness of AR156 under laboratory conditions, the colonization and environmental adaptability of the mutant was significantly weaker than that of wild-type AR156 on rice leaves. The cell surface of wild-type AR156 colonizing the leaf surface was covered by a thick biofilm matrix under a scanning electron microscope, but not the mutant. The colonization ability on rice roots and control efficacy against rice sheath blight disease of the mutant were also impaired. Thus, kurstakin participates in the control of plant diseases by B. cereus AR156 through directly inhibiting the growth of pathogenic fungi and improving long-term environmental adaptability and colonization of AR156 on the host surface by triggering multicellularity. This study explored the multiple functions of kurstakin in plant disease control by B. cereus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Yang Yu
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Disease and Pests, Ministry of Education; Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in East China, Ministry of Agriculture; and Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Engineering Center of Bioresource Pesticide in Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yi-Yuan Zhang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Disease and Pests, Ministry of Education; Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in East China, Ministry of Agriculture; and Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Engineering Center of Bioresource Pesticide in Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Disease and Pests, Ministry of Education; Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in East China, Ministry of Agriculture; and Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Engineering Center of Bioresource Pesticide in Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Tao-Xiang Huang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Disease and Pests, Ministry of Education; Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in East China, Ministry of Agriculture; and Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Engineering Center of Bioresource Pesticide in Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Shu-Ya Tang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Disease and Pests, Ministry of Education; Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in East China, Ministry of Agriculture; and Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Engineering Center of Bioresource Pesticide in Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yu Jin
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Disease and Pests, Ministry of Education; Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in East China, Ministry of Agriculture; and Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Engineering Center of Bioresource Pesticide in Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Dan-Dan Mi
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Disease and Pests, Ministry of Education; Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in East China, Ministry of Agriculture; and Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Engineering Center of Bioresource Pesticide in Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Ying Zheng
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Disease and Pests, Ministry of Education; Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in East China, Ministry of Agriculture; and Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Engineering Center of Bioresource Pesticide in Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Dong-Dong Niu
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Disease and Pests, Ministry of Education; Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in East China, Ministry of Agriculture; and Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Engineering Center of Bioresource Pesticide in Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jian-Hua Guo
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Disease and Pests, Ministry of Education; Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in East China, Ministry of Agriculture; and Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Engineering Center of Bioresource Pesticide in Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Chun-Hao Jiang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Disease and Pests, Ministry of Education; Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in East China, Ministry of Agriculture; and Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Engineering Center of Bioresource Pesticide in Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210095, China
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8
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Regulation of Enterotoxins Associated with Bacillus cereus Sensu Lato Toxicoinfection. Appl Environ Microbiol 2022; 88:e0040522. [PMID: 35730937 PMCID: PMC9275247 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00405-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacillus cereus sensu lato (s.l.) includes foodborne pathogens, as well as beneficial microorganisms, such as bioinsecticides. Some of the beneficial and commercially used B. cereus s.l. strains have been shown to carry enterotoxin genes, the products of which can cause toxicoinfection in humans. Furthermore, recent epidemiological reports indicated that some bioinsecticidal strains have been linked with foodborne illness outbreaks. This demonstrates the need for improved surveillance of B. cereus s.l., which includes characterization of isolates' virulence capacity. However, the prediction of virulence capacity of B. cereus s.l. strains is challenging. Genetic screening for enterotoxin gene presence has proven to be insufficient for accurate discrimination between virulent and avirulent strains, given that nearly all B. cereus s.l. strains carry at least one enterotoxin gene. Furthermore, complex regulatory networks governing the expression of enterotoxins, and potential synergistic interactions between enterotoxins and other virulence factors make the prediction of toxicoinfection based on isolates' genome sequences challenging. In this review, we summarize and synthesize the current understanding of the regulation of enterotoxins associated with the B. cereus s.l. toxicoinfection and identify gaps in the knowledge that need to be addressed to facilitate identification of genetic markers predictive of cytotoxicity and toxicoinfection.
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9
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Zhao D, Wang H, Li Z, Han S, Han C, Liu A. LC_Glucose-Inhibited Division Protein Is Required for Motility, Biofilm Formation, and Stress Response in Lysobacter capsici X2-3. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:840792. [PMID: 35369450 PMCID: PMC8969512 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.840792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucose-inhibited division protein (GidA) plays a critical role in the growth, stress response, and virulence of bacteria. However, how gidA may affect plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) is still not clear. Our study aimed to describe the regulatory function of the gidA gene in Lysobacter capsici, which produces a variety of lytic enzymes and novel antibiotics. Here, we generated an LC_GidA mutant, MT16, and an LC_GidA complemented strain, Com-16, by plasmid integration. The deletion of LC_GidA resulted in an attenuation of the bacterial growth rate, motility, and biofilm formation of L. capsici. Root colonization assays demonstrated that the LC_GidA mutant showed reduced colonization of wheat roots. In addition, disruption of LC_GidA showed a clear diminution of survival in the presence of high temperature, high salt, and different pH conditions. The downregulated expression of genes related to DNA replication, cell division, motility, and biofilm formation was further validated by real-time quantitative PCR (RT–qPCR). Together, understanding the regulatory function of GidA is helpful for improving the biocontrol of crop diseases and has strong potential for biological applications.
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10
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Lin Y, Briandet R, Kovács ÁT. Bacillus cereus sensu lato biofilm formation and its ecological importance. Biofilm 2022; 4:100070. [PMID: 35243332 PMCID: PMC8861577 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioflm.2022.100070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofilm formation is a ubiquitous process of bacterial communities that enables them to survive and persist in various environmental niches. The Bacillus cereus group includes phenotypically diversified species that are widely distributed in the environment. Often, B. cereus is considered a soil inhabitant, but it is also commonly isolated from plant roots, nematodes, and food products. Biofilms differ in their architecture and developmental processes, reflecting adaptations to specific niches. Importantly, some B. cereus strains are foodborne pathogens responsible for two types of gastrointestinal diseases, diarrhea and emesis, caused by distinct toxins. Thus, the persistency of biofilms is of particular concern for the food industry, and understanding the underlying mechanisms of biofilm formation contributes to cleaning procedures. This review focuses on the genetic background underpinning the regulation of biofilm development, as well as the matrix components associated with biofilms. We also reflect on the correlation between biofilm formation and the development of highly resistant spores. Finally, advances in our understanding of the ecological importance and evolution of biofilm formation in the B. cereus group are discussed.
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11
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SigB regulates stress resistance, glucose starvation, MnSOD production, biofilm formation, and root colonization in Bacillus cereus 905. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:5943-5957. [PMID: 34350477 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11402-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Bacillus cereus 905, originally isolated from wheat rhizosphere, exhibits strong colonization ability on wheat roots. Our previous studies showed that root colonization is contributed by the ability of the bacterium to efficiently utilize carbon sources and form biofilms and that the sodA2 gene-encoded manganese-containing superoxide dismutase (MnSOD2) plays an indispensable role in the survival of B. cereus 905 in the wheat rhizosphere. In this investigation, we further demonstrated that the ability of B. cereus 905 to resist adverse environmental conditions is partially attributed to activation of the alternative sigma factor σB, encoded by the sigB gene. The sigB mutant experienced a dramatic reduction in survival when cells were exposed to ethanol, acid, heat, and oxidative stress or under glucose starvation. Analysis of the sodA2 gene transcription revealed a partial, σB-dependent induction of the gene during glucose starvation or when treated with paraquat. In addition, the sigB mutant displayed a defect in biofilm formation under stress conditions. Finally, results from the root colonization assay indicated that sigB and sodA2 collectively contribute to B. cereus 905 colonization on wheat roots. Our study suggests a diverse role of SigB in rhizosphere survival and root colonization of B. cereus 905 under stress conditions. KEY POINTS : • SigB confers resistance to environmental stresses in B. cereus 905. • SigB plays a positive role in glucose utilization and biofilm formation in B. cereus. • SigB and SodA2 collectively contribute to colonization on wheat roots by B. cereus.
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12
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Li M, Shu C, Ke W, Li X, Yu Y, Guan X, Huang T. Plant Polysaccharide s Modulate Biofilm Formation and Insecticidal Activities of Bacillus thuringiensis Strains. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:676146. [PMID: 34262542 PMCID: PMC8273441 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.676146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
After the biological pesticide Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) is applied to the field, it has to remain on the surface of plants to have the insecticidal activities against insect pests. Bt can form biofilms on the surface of vegetable leaves, which were rich in polysaccharides. However, the relationship between polysaccharides of the leaves and the biofilm formation as well as the insecticidal activities of Bt is still unknown. Herein, this study focused on the effects of plant polysaccharides pectin and xylan on biofilm formation and the insecticidal activities of Bt strains. By adding pectin, there were 88 Bt strains with strong biofilm formation, 69 strains with weak biofilm formation, and 13 strains without biofilm formation. When xylan was added, 13 Bt strains formed strong biofilms, 98 strains formed weak biofilms, and 59 strains did not form biofilms. This indicated that two plant polysaccharides, especially pectin, modulate the biofilm formation of Bt strains. The ability of pectin to induce biofilm formation was not related to Bt serotypes. Pectin promoted the biofilms formed by Bt cells in the logarithmic growth phase and lysis phase at the air–liquid interface, while it inhibited the biofilms formed by Bt cells in the sporangial phase at the air–liquid interface. The dosage of pectin was positively correlated with the yield of biofilms formed by Bt cells in the logarithmic growth phase or lysis phase at the solid–liquid interfaces. Pectin did not change the free-living growth and the cell motility of Bt strains. Pectin can improve the biocontrol activities of the spore–insecticidal crystal protein mixture of Bt and BtK commercial insecticides, as well as the biofilms formed by the logarithmic growth phase or lysis phase of Bt cells. Our findings confirmed that plant polysaccharides modulate biofilm formation and insecticidal activities of Bt strains and built a foundation for the construction of biofilm-type Bt biopesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops & Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education & Ministerial and Provincial Joint Innovation Centre for Safety Production of Cross-Strait Crops, College of Life Sciences & College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests Biology, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Changlong Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests Biology, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wang Ke
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops & Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education & Ministerial and Provincial Joint Innovation Centre for Safety Production of Cross-Strait Crops, College of Life Sciences & College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops & Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education & Ministerial and Provincial Joint Innovation Centre for Safety Production of Cross-Strait Crops, College of Life Sciences & College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yiyan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops & Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education & Ministerial and Provincial Joint Innovation Centre for Safety Production of Cross-Strait Crops, College of Life Sciences & College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiong Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops & Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education & Ministerial and Provincial Joint Innovation Centre for Safety Production of Cross-Strait Crops, College of Life Sciences & College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Tianpei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops & Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education & Ministerial and Provincial Joint Innovation Centre for Safety Production of Cross-Strait Crops, College of Life Sciences & College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
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13
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Huang Q, Zhang Z, Liu Q, Liu F, Liu Y, Zhang J, Wang G. SpoVG is an important regulator of sporulation and affects biofilm formation by regulating Spo0A transcription in Bacillus cereus 0-9. BMC Microbiol 2021; 21:172. [PMID: 34102998 PMCID: PMC8186074 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-021-02239-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Bacillus cereus 0–9, a Gram-positive, endospore-forming bacterium isolated from healthy wheat roots in our previous research, is considered to be an effective biocontrol strain against several soil-borne plant diseases. SpoVG, a regulator that is broadly conserved among many Gram-positive bacteria, may help this organism coordinate environmental growth and virulence to survive. This study aimed to explore the multiple functions of SpoVG in B. cereus 0–9. Methods The gene knockout strains were constructed by homologous recombination, and the sporulation process of B. cereus 0–9 and its mutants were observed by fluorescence staining method. We further determined the spore yields and biofilm formation abilities of test strains. Transcriptional fusion strains were constructed by overlapping PCR technique, and the promoter activity of the target gene was detected by measuring its fluorescence intensity. The biofilm production and colonial morphology of B. cereus 0–9 and its mutants were determined to study the functions of the target genes, and the transcription level of the target gene was determined by qRT-PCR. Results According to observation of the sporulation process of B. cereus 0–9 in germination medium, SpoVG is crucial for regulating sporulation stage V of B. cereus 0–9, which is identical to that of Bacillus subtilis but differs from that of Bacillus anthracis. In addition, SpoVG could influence biofilm formation of B. cereus 0–9. The transcription levels of two genes closely related to biofilm-formation, sipW and calY, were downregulated in a ΔspoVG mutant. The role of SpoVG in regulating biofilm formation was further explored by deleting the genes abrB and sinR in the ΔspoVG mutant, respectively, generating the double mutant strains ΔspoVGΔabrB and ΔspoVGΔsinR. The phenotypes of these double mutants were congruent with those of the single abrB and sinR deletion strains, respectively, which showed increased biofilm formation. This indicated that spoVG was located upstream of abrB and sinR in the regulatory pathway of B. cereus biofilm formation. Further, the results of qRT-PCR and the luminescence intensity of transcriptional fusion strains indicated that spoVG gene deletion could inhibit the transcription of Spo0A. Conclusions SpoVG, an important regulator in the sporulation of B. cereus, is located upstream of Spo0A and participates in regulation of biofilm formation of B. cereus 0–9 through regulating the transcription level of spo0A. Sporulation and biofilm formation are crucial mechanisms by which bacteria respond to adverse conditions. SpoVG is therefore an important regulator of Spo0A and is crucial for both sporulation and biofilm formation of B. cereus 0–9. This study provides a new insight into the regulatory mechanism of environmental adaptation in bacteria and a foundation for future studies on biofilm formation of B. cereus. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12866-021-02239-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiubin Huang
- Institute of Microbial Engineering, Laboratory of Bioresource and Applied Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Jinming Street, Kaifeng, 475004, China.,Engineering Research Center for Applied Microbiology of Henan Province, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Institute of Microbial Engineering, Laboratory of Bioresource and Applied Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Jinming Street, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Qing Liu
- Institute of Microbial Engineering, Laboratory of Bioresource and Applied Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Jinming Street, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Fengying Liu
- Institute of Microbial Engineering, Laboratory of Bioresource and Applied Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Jinming Street, Kaifeng, 475004, China.,Engineering Research Center for Applied Microbiology of Henan Province, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Yupeng Liu
- Institute of Microbial Engineering, Laboratory of Bioresource and Applied Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Jinming Street, Kaifeng, 475004, China.,Engineering Research Center for Applied Microbiology of Henan Province, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Juanmei Zhang
- Engineering Research Center for Applied Microbiology of Henan Province, Kaifeng, 475004, China. .,School of Pharmaceutical, Henan Univeristy, Kaifeng, 475004, China.
| | - Gang Wang
- Institute of Microbial Engineering, Laboratory of Bioresource and Applied Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Jinming Street, Kaifeng, 475004, China. .,Engineering Research Center for Applied Microbiology of Henan Province, Kaifeng, 475004, China.
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14
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Yuan Y, Chu D, Fan J, Zou P, Qin Y, Geng Y, Cui Z, Wang X, Zhang C, Li X, Clark J, Li Y, Wang X. Ecofriendly conversion of algal waste into valuable plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) biomass. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2021; 120:576-584. [PMID: 33129652 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2020.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
With the development of marine biorefinery concept, utilisation of algal waste during industrial processing as well as some "green tide" waste biomass has become an important research topic. In this work, a single-step microwave process was used to hydrolyse Laminaria japonica processing waste (LJW) and Enteromorpha prolifera (EP), producing a growth medium suitable for microbial cultivation. The medium contained a range of mono- and polysaccharides as well as macro- and micronutrients that could be used by the microbes. The cultivation behavior of three plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) strains (Bacillus subtilis strain Tpb55, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain Cas02, and Burkholderia pyrrocinia strain Lyc2) in the two media were investigated. LJW hydrolysate from 180 °C and EP hydrolysate from 150 °C performed better cultivation efficiency than those hydrolysates from other microwave conditions. Saccharide analysis showed that microbes metabolized some monosaccharide such as glucose, mannose during cultivation, leaving polysaccharide unused in the medium. Furthermore, hydrolysate-strain cultivation mixtures were applied to pepper growth. The EP hydrolysate-Cas02 broth showed better plant growth-promoting effect compared to other treatments, which might be attributed to the higher indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) production of Cas02 in the EP hydrolysate. This work shed lights on the conversion of algal waste to PGPR biomass as well as the co-application of algal hydrolysates- strains cultivation broth for a better plant growth promotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Yuan
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Depeng Chu
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Jiajun Fan
- Green Chemistry Centre of Excellence, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Ping Zou
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Yimin Qin
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Seaweed Fertilizers, Qingdao Brightmoon Seaweed Group Co Ltd, Qingdao 266400, China
| | - Yuting Geng
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Zhenzhen Cui
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Seaweed Fertilizers, Qingdao Brightmoon Seaweed Group Co Ltd, Qingdao 266400, China
| | - Chengsheng Zhang
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Xiangdong Li
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271000,China
| | - James Clark
- Green Chemistry Centre of Excellence, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Yiqiang Li
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China.
| | - Xiaoqiang Wang
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China.
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15
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The Food Poisoning Toxins of Bacillus cereus. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13020098. [PMID: 33525722 PMCID: PMC7911051 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13020098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacillus cereus is a ubiquitous soil bacterium responsible for two types of food-associated gastrointestinal diseases. While the emetic type, a food intoxication, manifests in nausea and vomiting, food infections with enteropathogenic strains cause diarrhea and abdominal pain. Causative toxins are the cyclic dodecadepsipeptide cereulide, and the proteinaceous enterotoxins hemolysin BL (Hbl), nonhemolytic enterotoxin (Nhe) and cytotoxin K (CytK), respectively. This review covers the current knowledge on distribution and genetic organization of the toxin genes, as well as mechanisms of enterotoxin gene regulation and toxin secretion. In this context, the exceptionally high variability of toxin production between single strains is highlighted. In addition, the mode of action of the pore-forming enterotoxins and their effect on target cells is described in detail. The main focus of this review are the two tripartite enterotoxin complexes Hbl and Nhe, but the latest findings on cereulide and CytK are also presented, as well as methods for toxin detection, and the contribution of further putative virulence factors to the diarrheal disease.
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16
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The recA gene is crucial to mediate colonization of Bacillus cereus 905 on wheat roots. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:9251-9265. [PMID: 32970180 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10915-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Bacillus cereus 905, one of the plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPRs), is capable of colonizing wheat roots in a large population size. From previous studies, we learned that the sodA2-encoding manganese-containing superoxide dismutase (MnSOD2) is important for B. cereus 905 to survive in wheat rhizosphere. In this investigation, we demonstrated that deletion of the recA gene, which codes for the recombinase A, significantly reduced MnSOD2 expression at both the mRNA and the protein levels. Through comparison with the wild-type, the ∆recA showed a dramatic decrease in cell survival after exposure to 50 μM paraquat or 15 mM H2O2. Evidence indicated that the recA gene of B. cereus 905 also notably regulated nutrition utilization efficiency, biofilm formation, and swarming motility. The root colonization examination showed that the ∆recA had a 1000- to 2500-fold reduction in colonization on wheat roots, suggesting that RecA plays an indispensable role in effective colonization on wheat roots by B. cereus 905. Taken together, the recA gene positively regulates MnSOD2 production and nutrition utilization and protects B. cereus 905 cells against paraquat and H2O2. Besides, biofilm formation and swarming motility of B. cereus 905 are promoted by RecA. Finally, RecA significantly contributes to wheat root colonization of B. cereus 905. Our results showed the important role of RecA during physiological processes in B. cereus 905, especially for colonization on wheat roots. Our findings will point out a research direction to study the colonization mechanisms of B. cereus 905 in the future and provide potential effective strategy to enhance the biocontrol efficacy of PGPR strains. KEY POINTS : • RecA plays an indispensable role in root colonization of B. cereus.
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17
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Xiong Q, Liu D, Zhang H, Dong X, Zhang G, Liu Y, Zhang R. Quorum sensing signal autoinducer-2 promotes root colonization of Bacillus velezensis SQR9 by affecting biofilm formation and motility. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:7177-7185. [PMID: 32621125 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10713-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Root colonization of beneficial rhizobacteria is critical for their beneficial effects. Quorum sensing (QS) has been reported to affect the colonization of many plant pathogens. However, how QS signals regulate root colonization of beneficial rhizobacteria is unclear. In this study, the QS signal AI-2 synthetase-encoding gene luxS was completely deleted from the genome of the plant beneficial rhizobacterium Bacillus velezensis SQR9, and bioluminescence experiments showed that AI-2 production was blocked. Deletion of luxS reduced biofilm formation, motility, and root colonization of B. velezensis SQR9, while addition of exogenous AI-2 to the mutant restored this phenomenon. These results indicated that AI-2 positively affects the root colonization of B. velezensis SQR9. This study provided new insights for enhancing the colonization of beneficial rhizobacteria. KEY POINTS: • LuxS participated in the synthesis of the quorum sensing signal AI-2 in B. velezensis. • AI-2 enhanced motility, biofilm formation, and root colonization of B. velezensis. • AI-2 stimulated the production of γ-polyglutamic acid by B. velezensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources Collection and Preservation, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Di Liu
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources Collection and Preservation, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Huihui Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Lab and Engineering Center for Solid Organic Waste Utilization, National Engineering Research Center for Organic-based Fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyan Dong
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources Collection and Preservation, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Guishan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources Collection and Preservation, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yunpeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources Collection and Preservation, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ruifu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources Collection and Preservation, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Key Lab and Engineering Center for Solid Organic Waste Utilization, National Engineering Research Center for Organic-based Fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
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18
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Biofilm formation displays intrinsic offensive and defensive features of Bacillus cereus. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2020; 6:3. [PMID: 31969984 PMCID: PMC6962202 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-019-0112-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofilm formation is a strategy of many bacterial species to adapt to a variety of stresses and has become a part of infections, contaminations, or beneficial interactions. In this study, we demonstrate that profound physiological changes permit Bacillus cereus to switch from a floating to a sessile lifestyle, to undergo further maturation of the biofilm and to differentiate into the offensive or defensive features. We report that floating and biofilm cells are populations that differentiate metabolically, with members of each subpopulation developing different branches of certain metabolic pathways. Secondly, biofilm populations rearrange nucleotides, sugars, amino acids, and energy metabolism. Thirdly, this metabolic rearrangement coexists with: the synthesis of the extracellular matrix, sporulation, reinforcement of the cell wall, activation of the ROS detoxification machinery and production of secondary metabolites. This strategy contributes to defend biofilm cells from competitors. However, floating cells maintain a fermentative metabolic status that ensures a higher aggressiveness against hosts, evidenced by the production of toxins. The maintenance of the two distinct subpopulations is an effective strategy to face different environmental conditions found in the life styles of B. cereus.
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19
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Zhang J, Wang H, Huang Q, Zhang Y, Zhao L, Liu F, Wang G. Four superoxide dismutases of Bacillus cereus 0-9 are non-redundant and perform different functions in diverse living conditions. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 36:12. [PMID: 31897767 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-019-2786-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/14/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Superoxide dismutases (SODs) have been shown to exhibit high levels of conservation and exist in almost all aerobic organisms and even many strict anaerobes. There are four SODs in Bacillus cereus 0-9, and this coexistence of multiple homologous enzymes is of great significance in the evolution of bacteria. We hypothesized that the four sod genes in B. cereus 0-9 constituted non-redundant protection against oxidative damage in vivo and played unique roles in the pathogenicity of B. cereus 0-9 during different phases or growth environments. To test this hypothesis, we constructed four single-knockout mutants (∆sodA1, ∆sodA2, ∆sodS, and ∆sodC) and a mutant lacking all four sod genes (∆sod-4) of B. cereus 0-9 and assessed their various phenotypes. Our results indicated that sodA1 plays a major role in tolerance to intracellular oxidative stress and spore formation. The ∆sodA1 and ∆sod-4 mutants were very sensitive to oxidants. The spore formation of the ∆sodA1 mutant was dramatically delayed, and the ∆sod-4 mutant did not form any spores under our experimental conditions. The sodA2 gene may play an important role in negative regulation of swarming motility, pathogenicity, and phospholipase and haemolytic activity of B. cereus but also a role in positive regulation of biofilm formation under our experimental conditions. The other two genes, sodS and sodC, were key to the pathogenicity of B. cereus. The lethal rates of Helicoverpa armigera infected by the ∆sodS and ∆sodC mutants were only 26.67%, while wild-type B. cereus 0-9 caused lethality in up to 86.67% of the insects at 24 h after injection. Moreover, the ∆sod-4 mutant caused a reduced death rate of H. armigera of 46.70%, which was slightly higher than that caused by the ∆sodS and ∆sodC strains. Thus, these four sod genes were non-redundant for oxidative stress and may play different additional roles in B. cereus 0-9. These results can help us to further understand the biocontrol characteristics of B. cereus 0-9 and lay a theoretical foundation for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanmei Zhang
- Institute of Microbial Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, Henan, People's Republic of China.,Pharmaceutical College, Henan University, Jinming Street, Kaifeng, 475004, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Haodong Wang
- Institute of Microbial Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, Henan, People's Republic of China.,School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Jinming Street, Kaifeng, 475004, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiubin Huang
- Institute of Microbial Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, Henan, People's Republic of China.,School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Jinming Street, Kaifeng, 475004, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Institute of Microbial Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, Henan, People's Republic of China.,School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Jinming Street, Kaifeng, 475004, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Linlin Zhao
- Institute of Microbial Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, Henan, People's Republic of China.,School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Jinming Street, Kaifeng, 475004, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengying Liu
- Institute of Microbial Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, Henan, People's Republic of China.,School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Jinming Street, Kaifeng, 475004, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Wang
- Institute of Microbial Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, Henan, People's Republic of China. .,School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Jinming Street, Kaifeng, 475004, Henan, People's Republic of China.
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20
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Yi J, Zhang D, Cheng Y, Tan J, Luo Y. The impact of Paenibacillus polymyxa HY96-2 luxS on biofilm formation and control of tomato bacterial wilt. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:9643-9657. [PMID: 31686149 PMCID: PMC6867978 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-10162-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The focus of this study was to investigate the effects of luxS, a key regulatory gene of the autoinducer-2 (AI-2) quorum sensing (QS) system, on the biofilm formation and biocontrol efficacy against Ralstonia solanacearum by Paenibacillus polymyxa HY96-2. luxS mutants were constructed and assayed for biofilm formation of the wild-type (WT) strain and luxS mutants of P. polymyxa HY96-2 in vitro and in vivo. The results showed that luxS positively regulated the biofilm formation of HY96-2. Greenhouse experiments of tomato bacterial wilt found that from the early stage to late stage postinoculation, the biocontrol efficacy of the luxS deletion strain was the lowest with 50.70 ± 1.39% in the late stage. However, the luxS overexpression strain had the highest biocontrol efficacy with 75.66 ± 1.94% in the late stage. The complementation of luxS could restore the biocontrol efficacy of the luxS deletion strain with 69.84 ± 1.09% in the late stage, which was higher than that of the WT strain with 65.94 ± 2.73%. Therefore, we deduced that luxS could promote the biofilm formation of P. polymyxa HY96-2 and further promoted its biocontrol efficacy against R. solanacearum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jincui Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Daojing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Yuejuan Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Jingjing Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Yuanchan Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China.
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21
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Sadiq FA, Flint S, Sakandar HA, He G. Molecular regulation of adhesion and biofilm formation in high and low biofilm producers of Bacillus licheniformis using RNA-Seq. BIOFOULING 2019; 35:143-158. [PMID: 30884970 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2019.1575960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
RNA sequencing was used to reveal transcriptional changes during the motile-to-sessile switch in high and low biofilm-forming dairy strains of B. licheniformis isolated from Chinese milk powders. A significant part of the whole gene content was affected during this transition in both strains. In terms of the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) database, seven metabolic pathways were significantly downregulated in the planktonic state compared to the biofilm state in both strains. Lipid and sugar metabolism seemed to play an important role in matrix production. Several genes involved in adhesion, matrix production and the matrix coating were either absent or less expressed in the biofilm state of the low biofilm producer compared to the high biofilm producer. Genes related to sporulation and the production of extracellular polymeric substances were concomitantly expressed in the biofilm state of both strains. These comprehensive insights will be helpful for future research into mechanisms and targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faizan Ahmed Sadiq
- a School of Food Science and Technology , Jiangnan University , Wuxi , PR China
- b College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , PR China
| | - Steve Flint
- c School of Food and Nutrition , Massey University , Private Bag 11 222 , Palmerston North , New Zealand
| | - Hafiz Arbab Sakandar
- a School of Food Science and Technology , Jiangnan University , Wuxi , PR China
- d Faculty of Biological Sciences , Quaid-i-Azam University , Islamabad , Pakistan
| | - GuoQing He
- b College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , PR China
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22
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Wang N, Wang L, Zhu K, Hou S, Chen L, Mi D, Gui Y, Qi Y, Jiang C, Guo JH. Plant Root Exudates Are Involved in Bacillus cereus AR156 Mediated Biocontrol Against Ralstonia solanacearum. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:98. [PMID: 30766525 PMCID: PMC6365458 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The biological control process mediated by microbes relies on multiple interactions among plants, pathogens and biocontrol agents (BCAs). One such efficient BCA is Bacillus cereus AR156, a bacterial strain that controls a broad spectrum of plant diseases and potentially works as a microbe elicitor of plant immune reactions. It remains unclear, however, whether the interaction between plants and B. cereus AR156 may facilitate composition changes of plant root exudates and whether these changes directly affect the growth of both plant pathogens and B. cereus AR156 itself. Here, we addressed these questions by analyzing the influences of root exudate changes mediated by B. cereus AR156 during biocontrol against tomato bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum. Indeed, some upregulated metabolites in tomato root exudates induced by B. cereus AR156 (REB), such as lactic acid and hexanoic acid, induced the growth and motile ability of in vitro B. cereus AR156 cells. Exogenously applying hexanoic acid and lactic acid to tomato plants showed positive biocontrol efficacy (46.6 and 39.36%) against tomato bacterial wilt, compared with 51.02% by B. cereus AR156 itself. Furthermore, fructose, lactic acid, sucrose and threonine at specific concentrations stimulated the biofilm formation of B. cereus AR156 in Luria-Bertan- Glycerol- Magnesium medium (LBGM), and we also detected more colonized cells of B. cereus AR156 on the tomato root surface after adding these four compounds to the system. These observations suggest that the ability of B. cereus AR156 to induce some specific components in plant root exudates was probably involved in further biocontrol processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Wang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental Protection, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Luyao Wang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental Protection, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kai Zhu
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental Protection, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Sensen Hou
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental Protection, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental Protection, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dandan Mi
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental Protection, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ying Gui
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental Protection, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yijun Qi
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China.,Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Chunhao Jiang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental Protection, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jian-Hua Guo
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental Protection, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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23
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Gao T, Ding M, Yang CH, Fan H, Chai Y, Li Y. The phosphotransferase system gene ptsH plays an important role in MnSOD production, biofilm formation, swarming motility, and root colonization in Bacillus cereus 905. Res Microbiol 2018; 170:86-96. [PMID: 30395927 DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2018.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The rhizosphere bacterium Bacillus cereus 905 is capable of promoting plant growth through effective colonization on plant roots. The sodA2-encoding manganese-containing superoxide dismutase (MnSOD2) is important for survival of B. cereus 905 in the wheat rhizosphere. However, the genes involved in regulating sodA2 expression and the mechanisms of rhizosphere colonization of B. cereus 905 are not well elucidated. In this study, we found that the deletion of the ptsH gene, which encodes the histidine-phosphorylatable protein (HPr), a component of the phosphotransferase system (PTS), causes a decrease of about 60% in the MnSOD2 expression. Evidences indicate that the ptsH dramatically influences resistance to oxidative stress, glucose uptake, as well as biofilm formation and swarming motility of B. cereus 905. Root colonization assay demonstrated that ΔptsH is defective in colonizing wheat roots, while complementation of the sodA2 gene could partially restore the ability in utilization of arabinose, a non-PTS sugar, and root colonization caused by the loss of the ptsH gene. In toto, based on the current findings, we propose that PtsH contributes to root colonization of B. cereus 905 through multiple indistinct mechanisms, involving PTS and uptake of PTS-sugars, up-regulation of MnSOD2 production, and promotion of biofilm formation and swarming motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tantan Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China; Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China; Department of Biology, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
| | - Mingzheng Ding
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Ching-Hong Yang
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53211, USA.
| | - Haiyan Fan
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Yunrong Chai
- Department of Biology, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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24
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Chen Y, Wang J, Yang N, Wen Z, Sun X, Chai Y, Ma Z. Wheat microbiome bacteria can reduce virulence of a plant pathogenic fungus by altering histone acetylation. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3429. [PMID: 30143616 PMCID: PMC6109063 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05683-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Interactions between bacteria and fungi have great environmental, medical, and agricultural importance, but the molecular mechanisms are largely unknown. Here, we study the interactions between the bacterium Pseudomonas piscium, from the wheat head microbiome, and the plant pathogenic fungus Fusarium graminearum. We show that a compound secreted by the bacteria (phenazine-1-carboxamide) directly affects the activity of fungal protein FgGcn5, a histone acetyltransferase of the SAGA complex. This leads to deregulation of histone acetylation at H2BK11, H3K14, H3K18, and H3K27 in F. graminearum, as well as suppression of fungal growth, virulence, and mycotoxin biosynthesis. Therefore, an antagonistic bacterium can inhibit growth and virulence of a plant pathogenic fungus by manipulating fungal histone modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Nan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Ziyue Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xuepeng Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yunrong Chai
- Department of Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Zhonghua Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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25
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Hussain MS, Kwon M, Oh DH. Impact of manganese and heme on biofilm formation of Bacillus cereus food isolates. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0200958. [PMID: 30048488 PMCID: PMC6062052 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0200958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the impact of manganese (Mn2+) and heme on the biofilm formation characteristics of six B. cereus food isolates and two reference strains (ATCC 10987 and ATCC 14579). The data obtained from the crystal violet assay revealed that addition of a combination of Mn2+ and heme to BHI growth medium induced B. cereus biofilm formation. However, the induction of biofilm formation was strictly strain-dependent. In all of the induced strains, the impact of Mn2+ was greater than that of heme. The impact of these two molecules on the phenotypic characteristics related to biofilm formation, such as cell density, sporulation and swarming ability, was determined in a selected food isolate (GIHE 72-5). Addition of Mn2+ and heme to BHI significantly (p < 0.05) increased the number of cells, which was correlated with the results of crystal violet assays as well as scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) analyses. In addition, induced biofilms showed higher numbers of spores and greater resistance to benzalkonium chloride. The swarming ability of B. cereus planktonic cells was increased in the presence of Mn2+ and heme in BHI. The expression levels of a number of selected genes, which are involved in mobility and extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) formation in B. cereus, were positively correlated with biofilm formation in the presence of Mn2+ and heme in BHI. These results further confirming the role of these molecules in swarming mobility and making matrix components related to B. cereus biofilm formation. These data indicate that signaling molecules present in the food environment might substantially trigger B. cereus biofilm formation, which could pose a threat to the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Shakhawat Hussain
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture & Life Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon, South Korea
| | - Minyeong Kwon
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture & Life Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon, South Korea
| | - Deog-Hwan Oh
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture & Life Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon, South Korea
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