1
|
Bashiri S, Abdollahzadeh J. Taxonomy and pathogenicity of fungi associated with oak decline in northern and central Zagros forests of Iran with emphasis on coelomycetous species. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1377441. [PMID: 38708399 PMCID: PMC11067508 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1377441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Oak decline is a complex disorder that seriously threatens the survival of Zagros forests. In an extensive study on taxonomy and pathology of fungi associated with oak decline in the central and northern part of Zagros forests, 462 fungal isolates were obtained from oak trees showing canker, gummosis, dieback, defoliation, and partial or total death symptoms. Based on inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) fingerprinting patterns, morphological characteristics, and sequences of ribosomal DNA (28S rDNA and ITS) and protein coding loci (acl1, act1, caM, tef-1α, rpb1, rpb2, and tub2), 24 fungal species corresponding to 19 genera were characterized. Forty percent of the isolates were placed in eight coelomycetous species from seven genera, namely, Alloeutypa, Botryosphaeria, Cytospora, Didymella, Gnomoniopsis, Kalmusia, and Neoscytalidium. Of these, four species are new to science, which are introduced here as taxonomic novelties: Alloeutypa iranensis sp. nov., Cytospora hedjaroudei sp. nov., Cytospora zagrosensis sp. nov., and Gnomoniopsis quercicola sp. nov. According to pathogenicity trials on leaves and stems of 2-year-old Persian oak (Quercus brantii) seedlings, Alternaria spp. (A. alternata, A. atra, and A. contlous), Chaetomium globosum, and Parachaetomium perlucidum were recognized as nonpathogenic. All coelomycetous species were determined as pathogenic in both pathogenicity trials on leaves and seedling stems, of which Gnomoniopsis quercicola sp. nov., Botryosphaeria dothidea, and Neoscytalidium dimidiatum were recognized as the most virulent species followed by Biscogniauxia rosacearum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jafar Abdollahzadeh
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yan C, Hao H, Wang Z, Sha S, Zhang Y, Wang Q, Kang Z, Huang L, Wang L, Feng H. Prediction of Suitable Habitat Distribution of Cryptosphaeria pullmanensis in the World and China under Climate Change. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:739. [PMID: 37504728 PMCID: PMC10381404 DOI: 10.3390/jof9070739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Years of outbreaks of woody canker (Cryptosphaeria pullmanensis) in the United States, Iran, and China have resulted in massive economic losses to biological forests and fruit trees. However, only limited information is available on their distribution, and their habitat requirements have not been well evaluated due to a lack of research. In recent years, scientists have utilized the MaxEnt model to estimate the effect of global temperature and specific environmental conditions on species distribution. Using occurrence and high resolution ecological data, we predicted the spatiotemporal distribution of C. pullmanensis under twelve climate change scenarios by applying the MaxEnt model. We identified climatic factors, geography, soil, and land cover that shape their distribution range and determined shifts in their habitat range. Then, we measured the suitable habitat area, the ratio of change in the area of suitable habitat, the expansion and shrinkage of maps under climate change, the direction and distance of range changes from the present to the end of the twenty-first century, and the effect of environmental variables. C. pullmanensis is mostly widespread in high-suitability regions in northwestern China, the majority of Iran, Afghanistan, and Turkey, northern Chile, southwestern Argentina, and the west coast of California in the United States. Under future climatic conditions, climate changes of varied intensities favored the expansion of suitable habitats for C. pullmanensis in China. However, appropriate land areas are diminishing globally. The trend in migration is toward latitudes and elevations that are higher. The estimated area of possible suitability shifted eastward in China. The results of the present study are valuable not only for countries such as Morocco, Spain, Chile, Turkey, Kazakhstan, etc., where the infection has not yet fully spread or been established, but also for nations where the species has been discovered. Authorities should take steps to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in order to restrict the spread of C. pullmanensis. Countries with highly appropriate locations should increase their surveillance, risk assessment, and response capabilities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chengcai Yan
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps in Southern Xinjiang, College of Agronomy, Tarim University, Alar 843300, China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Pests in Alar, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Agronomy, Tarim University, Alar 843300, China
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of High Efficiency and Superior-Quality Cultivation and Fruit Deep Processing Technology of Characteristic Fruit Trees in Southern Xinjiang, Alar 843300, China
| | - Haiting Hao
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps in Southern Xinjiang, College of Agronomy, Tarim University, Alar 843300, China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Pests in Alar, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Agronomy, Tarim University, Alar 843300, China
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of High Efficiency and Superior-Quality Cultivation and Fruit Deep Processing Technology of Characteristic Fruit Trees in Southern Xinjiang, Alar 843300, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps in Southern Xinjiang, College of Agronomy, Tarim University, Alar 843300, China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Pests in Alar, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Agronomy, Tarim University, Alar 843300, China
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of High Efficiency and Superior-Quality Cultivation and Fruit Deep Processing Technology of Characteristic Fruit Trees in Southern Xinjiang, Alar 843300, China
| | - Shuaishuai Sha
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps in Southern Xinjiang, College of Agronomy, Tarim University, Alar 843300, China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Pests in Alar, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Agronomy, Tarim University, Alar 843300, China
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of High Efficiency and Superior-Quality Cultivation and Fruit Deep Processing Technology of Characteristic Fruit Trees in Southern Xinjiang, Alar 843300, China
| | - Yiwen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps in Southern Xinjiang, College of Agronomy, Tarim University, Alar 843300, China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Pests in Alar, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Agronomy, Tarim University, Alar 843300, China
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of High Efficiency and Superior-Quality Cultivation and Fruit Deep Processing Technology of Characteristic Fruit Trees in Southern Xinjiang, Alar 843300, China
| | - Qingpeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps in Southern Xinjiang, College of Agronomy, Tarim University, Alar 843300, China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Pests in Alar, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Agronomy, Tarim University, Alar 843300, China
| | - Zhensheng Kang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps in Southern Xinjiang, College of Agronomy, Tarim University, Alar 843300, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
- Yangling Seed Industry Innovation Center, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Lili Huang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps in Southern Xinjiang, College of Agronomy, Tarim University, Alar 843300, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
- Yangling Seed Industry Innovation Center, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Lan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps in Southern Xinjiang, College of Agronomy, Tarim University, Alar 843300, China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Pests in Alar, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Agronomy, Tarim University, Alar 843300, China
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of High Efficiency and Superior-Quality Cultivation and Fruit Deep Processing Technology of Characteristic Fruit Trees in Southern Xinjiang, Alar 843300, China
| | - Hongzu Feng
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps in Southern Xinjiang, College of Agronomy, Tarim University, Alar 843300, China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Pests in Alar, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Agronomy, Tarim University, Alar 843300, China
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of High Efficiency and Superior-Quality Cultivation and Fruit Deep Processing Technology of Characteristic Fruit Trees in Southern Xinjiang, Alar 843300, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Billones-Baaijens R, Liu M, Sosnowski MR, Ayres MR, Savocchia S. Molecular detection and identification of Diatrypaceous airborne spores in Australian vineyards revealed high species diversity between regions. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0286738. [PMID: 37267392 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0286738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The grapevine trunk disease, Eutypa dieback (ED), causes significant vine decline and yield reduction. For many years, the fungus Eutypa lata was considered the main pathogen causing ED of grapevines in Australia. Recent studies showed other Diatrypaceous fungi were also associated with vines exhibiting dieback symptoms but there is limited information on how these fungal pathogens spread in vineyards. Thus, information on the spore dispersal patterns of Diatrypaceous fungi in different wine regions will assist in identifying high-risk infection periods in vineyards. Using more than 6800 DNA samples from airborne spores collected from eight wine regions in south-eastern Australia over 8 years using a Burkard spore trap, this study investigated the diversity and abundance of Diatrypaceous species, using multi-faceted molecular tools. A multi-target quantitative PCR (qPCR) assay successfully detected and quantified Diatrypaceous spores from 30% of the total samples with spore numbers and frequency of detection varying between regions and years. The high-resolution melting analysis (HRMA) coupled with DNA sequencing identified seven species, with E. lata being present in seven regions and the most prevalent species in the Adelaide Hills, Barossa Valley and McLaren Vale. Cryptovalsa ampelina and Diatrype stigma were the predominant species in the Clare Valley and Coonawarra, respectively while Eutypella citricola and Eu. microtheca dominated in the Hunter Valley and the Riverina regions. This study represents the first report of D. stigma and Cryptosphaeria multicontinentalis in Australian vineyards. This study further showed rainfall as a primary factor that triggers spore release, however, other weather factors that may influence the spore release in different climatic regions of Australia still requires further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Meifang Liu
- School of Agricultural, Environmental and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, Australia
| | - Mark R Sosnowski
- South Australian Research and Development Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Waite Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Matthew R Ayres
- South Australian Research and Development Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Sandra Savocchia
- Gulbali Institute, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, Australia
- School of Agricultural, Environmental and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yan C, Hao H, Feng H, Wang Z, Sha S, Li M, Wang L, Kang Z. Whole genome sequence of Cryptosphaeria pullmanensis, an important pathogenic fungus potentially threatening crop and forestry production. Genomics 2023; 115:110576. [PMID: 36758876 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2023.110576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Many fungal members of the Diatrypaceae family are pathogenic towards plants and are widely distributed globally. Cryptosphaeria pullmanensis is a pathogenic fungus that infects populus and walnut trees, causing their death. We sequenced the genome of C. pullmanensis based on a combination of Nanopore PromethION and Illumina NovaSeq PE150 platforms, and functionally annotated the sequences using a number of open-access databases. This is the first report of the genome-scale assembly and annotation for C. pullmanensis, the first species of the genus Cryptosphaeria to be sequenced. We obtained 13 contigs with an N50 contig size of 7,095,780 bp, a GC content ratio of 43.23% and a genome size of 56.72 Mb with 10,474 putative coding genes. Comparative genomic analysis against the genomes of seven Ascomycetes fungal strains was performed. Among the seven species tested, the Eutypa lata genome displayed the highest similarity to the C. pullmanensis genome in terms of collinearity and homologous gene content. This study has provided a genetic resource that offers extensive information and a framework for future investigations into the transcriptome, proteome, and metabonome of C. pullmanensis to understand its molecular pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chengcai Yan
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps in Southern Xinjiang/ Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Pests in Alar, Ministry of Agriculture/ The National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of High Efficiency and Superior-Quality Cultivation and Fruit Deep Processing Technology of Characteristic Fruit Trees in Southern Xinjiang, College of Agronomy, Tarim University, Alar, Xinjiang 843300, China
| | - Haiting Hao
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps in Southern Xinjiang/ Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Pests in Alar, Ministry of Agriculture/ The National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of High Efficiency and Superior-Quality Cultivation and Fruit Deep Processing Technology of Characteristic Fruit Trees in Southern Xinjiang, College of Agronomy, Tarim University, Alar, Xinjiang 843300, China
| | - Hongzu Feng
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps in Southern Xinjiang/ Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Pests in Alar, Ministry of Agriculture/ The National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of High Efficiency and Superior-Quality Cultivation and Fruit Deep Processing Technology of Characteristic Fruit Trees in Southern Xinjiang, College of Agronomy, Tarim University, Alar, Xinjiang 843300, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps in Southern Xinjiang/ Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Pests in Alar, Ministry of Agriculture/ The National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of High Efficiency and Superior-Quality Cultivation and Fruit Deep Processing Technology of Characteristic Fruit Trees in Southern Xinjiang, College of Agronomy, Tarim University, Alar, Xinjiang 843300, China
| | - Shuaishuai Sha
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps in Southern Xinjiang/ Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Pests in Alar, Ministry of Agriculture/ The National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of High Efficiency and Superior-Quality Cultivation and Fruit Deep Processing Technology of Characteristic Fruit Trees in Southern Xinjiang, College of Agronomy, Tarim University, Alar, Xinjiang 843300, China
| | - Meng Li
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps in Southern Xinjiang/ Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Pests in Alar, Ministry of Agriculture/ The National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of High Efficiency and Superior-Quality Cultivation and Fruit Deep Processing Technology of Characteristic Fruit Trees in Southern Xinjiang, College of Agronomy, Tarim University, Alar, Xinjiang 843300, China
| | - Lan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps in Southern Xinjiang/ Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Pests in Alar, Ministry of Agriculture/ The National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of High Efficiency and Superior-Quality Cultivation and Fruit Deep Processing Technology of Characteristic Fruit Trees in Southern Xinjiang, College of Agronomy, Tarim University, Alar, Xinjiang 843300, China.
| | - Zhensheng Kang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps in Southern Xinjiang/ Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Pests in Alar, Ministry of Agriculture/ The National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of High Efficiency and Superior-Quality Cultivation and Fruit Deep Processing Technology of Characteristic Fruit Trees in Southern Xinjiang, College of Agronomy, Tarim University, Alar, Xinjiang 843300, China; State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China, Tarim University, Xinjiang, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Rosace MC, Legler SE, Salotti I, Rossi V. Susceptibility of pruning wounds to grapevine trunk diseases: A quantitative analysis of literature data. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1063932. [PMID: 36909400 PMCID: PMC9996077 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1063932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pruning wounds are the main entry points for fungi causing grapevine trunk diseases (GTDs). Several studies identified factors influencing the temporal dynamics of wound susceptibility, which include the fungal species and inoculum dose, weather conditions, grape variety, pruning date, and so forth. Here, we conducted a quantitative analysis of literature data to synthesise outcomes across studies and to identify the factors that most affect the length of pruning wound susceptibility. METHODS We extracted data on the frequency at which the inoculated wounds showed GTD symptoms or an inoculated pathogen was reisolated following artificial inoculation at the time of pruning or in the following days. A negative exponential model was fit to these data to describe changes in wound susceptibility as a function of time since pruning, in which the rate parameter changed depending on specific factors. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The results show that wound susceptibility is high at the time of pruning, and they remain susceptible to invasion by GTD fungi for months after pruning. Infection incidence on wounds was higher for fungi associated with Botryosphaeria dieback than those associated with Eutypa dieback or Esca complex, and wound susceptibility decreased faster for Eutypa dieback than for other GTD agents. Grapevine variety and pruning season also affected the wound susceptibility period. Sauvignon Blanc remains susceptible to GTDs longer than other varieties. We also found that the time of pruning can affect infection dynamics, especially for more susceptible varieties. The results increase our understanding of GTD epidemiology and should help growers control infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Chiara Rosace
- Department of Sustainable Crop Production, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | | | - Irene Salotti
- Department of Sustainable Crop Production, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Vittorio Rossi
- Department of Sustainable Crop Production, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Travadon R, Lawrence DP, Moyer MM, Fujiyoshi PT, Baumgartner K. Fungal species associated with grapevine trunk diseases in Washington wine grapes and California table grapes, with novelties in the genera Cadophora, Cytospora, and Sporocadus. FRONTIERS IN FUNGAL BIOLOGY 2022; 3:1018140. [PMID: 37746176 PMCID: PMC10512239 DOI: 10.3389/ffunb.2022.1018140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Grapevine trunk diseases cause serious economic losses to grape growers worldwide. The identification of the causal fungi is critical to implementing appropriate management strategies. Through a culture-based approach, we identified the fungal species composition associated with symptomatic grapevines from wine grapes in southeastern Washington and table grapes in the southern San Joaquin Valley of California, two regions with contrasting winter climates. Species were confirmed through molecular identification, sequencing two to six gene regions per isolate. Multilocus phylogenetic analyses were used to identify novel species. We identified 36 species from 112 isolates, with a combination of species that are new to science, are known causal fungi of grapevine trunk diseases, or are known causal fungi of diseases of other woody plants. The novel species Cadophora columbiana, Cytospora macropycnidia, Cytospora yakimana, and Sporocadus incarnatus are formally described and introduced, six species are newly reported from North America, and grape is reported as a new host for three species. Six species were shared between the two regions: Cytospora viticola, Diatrype stigma, Diplodia seriata, Kalmusia variispora, Phaeoacremonium minimum, and Phaeomoniella chlamydospora. Dominating the fungal community in Washington wine grape vineyards were species in the fungal families Diatrypaceae, Cytosporaceae and Sporocadaceae, whereas in California table grape vineyards, the dominant species were in the families Diatrypaceae, Togniniaceae, Phaeomoniellaceae and Hymenochaetaceae. Pathogenicity tests demonstrated that 10 isolates caused wood discoloration similar to symptomatic wood from which they were originally isolated. Growth rates at temperatures from 5 to 35°C of 10 isolates per region, suggest that adaptation to local climate might explain their distribution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Renaud Travadon
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Daniel P. Lawrence
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Michelle M. Moyer
- Department of Horticulture, Irrigated Agriculture Research and Extension Center, Washington State University, Prosser, WA, United States
| | - Phillip T. Fujiyoshi
- Crops Pathology and Genetics Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture – Agricultural Research Service, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Kendra Baumgartner
- Crops Pathology and Genetics Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture – Agricultural Research Service, Davis, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Azevedo-Nogueira F, Rego C, Gonçalves HMR, Fortes AM, Gramaje D, Martins-Lopes P. The road to molecular identification and detection of fungal grapevine trunk diseases. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:960289. [PMID: 36092443 PMCID: PMC9459133 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.960289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Grapevine is regarded as a highly profitable culture, being well spread worldwide and mostly directed to the wine-producing industry. Practices to maintain the vineyard in healthy conditions are tenuous and are exacerbated due to abiotic and biotic stresses, where fungal grapevine trunk diseases (GTDs) play a major role. The abolishment of chemical treatments and the intensification of several management practices led to an uprise in GTD outbreaks. Symptomatology of GTDs is very similar among diseases, leading to underdevelopment of the vines and death in extreme scenarios. Disease progression is widely affected by biotic and abiotic factors, and the prevalence of the pathogens varies with country and region. In this review, the state-of-the-art regarding identification and detection of GTDs is vastly analyzed. Methods and protocols used for the identification of GTDs, which are currently rather limited, are highlighted. The main conclusion is the utter need for the development of new technologies to easily and precisely detect the presence of the pathogens related to GTDs, allowing to readily take phytosanitary measures and/or proceed to plant removal in order to establish better vineyard management practices. Moreover, new practices and methods of detection, identification, and quantification of infectious material would allow imposing greater control on nurseries and plant exportation, limiting the movement of infected vines and thus avoiding the propagation of fungal inoculum throughout wine regions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Filipe Azevedo-Nogueira
- DNA & RNA Sensing Lab, School of Life Sciences and Environment, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
- BioISI - Instituto de Biosistemas e Ciências Integrativas, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Cecília Rego
- LEAF - Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food-Research Center, Associated Laboratory TERRA, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - Ana Margarida Fortes
- BioISI - Instituto de Biosistemas e Ciências Integrativas, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - David Gramaje
- Institute of Grapevine and Wine Sciences (ICVV), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), University of La Rioja and Government of La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
| | - Paula Martins-Lopes
- DNA & RNA Sensing Lab, School of Life Sciences and Environment, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
- BioISI - Instituto de Biosistemas e Ciências Integrativas, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Avenot HF, Jaime-Frias R, Travadon R, Holland LA, Lawrence DP, Trouillas FP. Development of PCR-Based Assays for Rapid and Reliable Detection and Identification of Canker-Causing Pathogens from Symptomatic Almond Trees. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2022; 112:1710-1722. [PMID: 35240867 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-08-21-0351-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Trunk and scaffold canker diseases (TSCDs) of almond cause significant yield and tree losses and reduce the lifespan of orchards. In California, several pathogens cause TSCDs, including Botryosphaeriaceae, Ceratocystis destructans, Eutypa lata, Collophorina hispanica, Pallidophorina paarla, Cytospora, Diaporthe, and Phytophthora spp. Field diagnosis of TSCDs is challenging because symptom delineation among the diseases is not clear. Accurate diagnosis of the causal species requires detailed examination of symptoms and subsequent isolation on medium and identification using morphological criteria and subsequent confirmation using molecular tools. The process is time-consuming and difficult, particularly as morphological characteristics are variable and overlap among species. To facilitate diagnosis of TSCD, we developed PCR assays using 23 species-specific primers designed by exploiting sequence differences in the translation elongation factor, β-tubulin, or internal transcribed spacer gene. Using genomic DNA from pure cultures of each fungal and oomycete species, each primer pair successfully amplified a single DNA fragment from the target pathogen but not from selected nontarget pathogens or common endophytes. Although 10-fold serial dilution of fungal DNA extracted from either pure cultures or infected wood samples detected as little as 0.1 pg of DNA sample, consistent detection required 10 ng of pathogen DNA from mycelial samples or from wood chips or drill shavings from artificially or naturally infected almond wood samples with visible symptoms. The new PCR assay represents an improved tool for diagnostic laboratories and will be critical to implement effective disease surveillance and control measures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Herve F Avenot
- Kearney Agricultural Research & Extension Center, Parlier, CA 93648
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Rosa Jaime-Frias
- Kearney Agricultural Research & Extension Center, Parlier, CA 93648
| | - Renaud Travadon
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Leslie A Holland
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706
| | - Daniel P Lawrence
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Florent P Trouillas
- Kearney Agricultural Research & Extension Center, Parlier, CA 93648
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Grapevine trunk diseases of cold-hardy varieties grown in Northern Midwest vineyards coincide with canker fungi and winter injury. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0269555. [PMID: 35657987 PMCID: PMC9165834 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0269555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Grapevine trunk diseases make up a disease complex associated with several vascular fungal pathogenic species. Surveys to characterize the composition of grapevine trunk diseases have been conducted for most major grape growing regions of the world. This study presents a similar survey characterizing the fungi associated with grapevine trunk diseases of cold-hardy interspecific hybrid grape varieties grown nearly exclusively in the atypical harsh winter climate of Northern Midwestern United states vineyards. From the 172 samples collected in 2019, 640 isolates obtained by culturing were identified by ITS sequencing and represent 420 sample-unique taxa. From the 420 representative taxa, opportunistic fungi of the order Diaporthales including species of Cytospora and Diaporthe were most frequently identified. Species of Phaeoacremonium, Paraconiothyrium, and Cadophora were also prevalent. In other milder Mediterranean growing climates, species of Xylariales and Botryosphaeriales are often frequently isolated but in this study they were isolated in small numbers. No Phaeomoniellales taxa were isolated. We discuss the possible compounding effects of winter injury, the pathogens isolated, and management strategies. Additionally, difficulties in researching and understanding the grapevine trunk disease complex are discussed.
Collapse
|
10
|
Sosnowski MR, Ayres MR, Scott ES. The Influence of Water Deficit Stress on the Grapevine Trunk Disease Pathogens Eutypa lata and Diplodia seriata. PLANT DISEASE 2021; 105:2217-2221. [PMID: 33141641 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-07-20-1538-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The increasing prevalence of the grapevine trunk diseases Eutypa and Botryosphaeria dieback has been attributed, in part, to abiotic stresses imposed on vineyards as production intensifies worldwide. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of water deficit irrigation practices on the infection of pruning wounds by Eutypa lata and Diplodia seriata and the subsequent rate of colonization. Two vineyard trials were conducted over two consecutive seasons in South Australia, one in the Riverland with 'Cabernet Sauvignon' with four irrigation treatments (100, 50, 25, and 12.5% of the standard irrigation program) and another in the Barossa Valley with 'Shiraz' on six rootstocks and own roots, either irrigated or not irrigated. According to leaf water potential assessments, vines with reduced irrigation were generally in water deficit and therefore subjected to stress. On the whole, incidence of wound infection and distance of colonization were similar between irrigation treatments for both pathogens, except in the Riverland, where E. lata colonized canes to a greater extent in well-watered vines than those in water deficit. Only vines on rootstock 'Ramsey' in the Barossa Valley had greater extent of colonization by E. lata in the nonirrigated vines. There was no correlation between internal staining and colonization, with both pathogens recovered to nearly 20 cm ahead of the staining. Water deficit did not increase the susceptibility of grapevine pruning wounds to infection or colonization of the subtending tissue by E. lata and D. seriata. In fact, there was evidence of lower susceptibility to colonization by E. lata in vines subjected to severe water deficit.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark R Sosnowski
- South Australian Research and Development Institute, Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Waite Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - Matthew R Ayres
- South Australian Research and Development Institute, Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia
| | - Eileen S Scott
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Waite Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Biscogniauxia rosacearum the charcoal canker agent as a pathogen associated with grapevine trunk diseases in Zagros region of Iran. Sci Rep 2021; 11:14098. [PMID: 34239007 PMCID: PMC8266873 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93630-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Grapevine trunk diseases (GTDs) are well-known and significant fungal diseases of Vitis vinifera with a worldwide distribution. During August to November 2016 in a survey to characterize fungi associated with grapevine trunk diseases in Kermanshah Province (west of Iran) vineyards, 286 fungal isolates were obtained. Based on morphology and DNA sequences data eight species were identified, of which Biscogniauxia rosacearum, Neoscytalidium hyalinum and Phaeoacremonium minimum were the most aggressive fungal pathogenic species characterized in this research. N. hyalinum was the most prevalent species. N. hyalinum and Ph. minimum have previously been reported from Vitis vinifera. Thus far, there are two records of Biscogniauxia mediterranea and Biscogniauxia capnodes on grapevine in the world with no data on pathology aspects. To our knowledge, it is the first time B. rosacearum is reported from grapevine across the globe. Pathogenicity test with three strains of B. rosacearum on 2-year-old potted grapevines confirmed the pathogenicity of B. rosacearum on grapevine. The proximity of vineyards to the oak trees in Zagros forests as one of the plant hosts of Biscogniauxia spp. further highlights the need for extensive studies on B. rosacearum as a new fungal pathogen.
Collapse
|
12
|
Trunk Surgery as a Tool to Reduce Foliar Symptoms in Diseases of the Esca Complex and Its Influence on Vine Wood Microbiota. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7070521. [PMID: 34210025 PMCID: PMC8303226 DOI: 10.3390/jof7070521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last few years, trunk surgery has gained increasing attention as a method to reduce foliar symptoms typical of some of the Esca complex diseases. The technique relies on the mechanical removal of decayed wood by a chainsaw. A study on a 14-year-old Cabernet Sauvignon vineyard was carried out to validate the efficacy of trunk surgery and explore possible explanations behind it. Three levels of treatment were applied to three of the most characteristic symptoms associated with some diseases of the Esca complex, such as leaf stripe symptoms (LS), wilted shoots (WS) and apoplexy (APP). The most promising results were obtained by complete trunk surgery, where the larger decay removal allowed lower symptom re-expression. According to the wood types analyzed (decay, medium and sound wood), different changes in microbiota were observed. Alpha-diversity generally decreased for bacteria and increased for fungi. More specifically, main changes were observed for Fomitiporia mediterranea abundance that decreased considerably after trunk surgery. A possible explanation for LS symptom reduction after trunk surgery could be the microbiota shifting caused by the technique itself affecting a microbic-shared biochemical pathway involved in symptom expression.
Collapse
|
13
|
Dayarathne MC, Wanasinghe DN, Devadatha B, Abeywickrama P, Gareth Jones EB, Chomnunti P, Sarma VV, Hyde KD, Lumyong S, Mckenzie EHC. Modern Taxonomic Approaches to Identifying Diatrypaceous Fungi from Marine Habitats, with a Novel Genus Halocryptovalsa Dayarathne & K.D.Hyde, Gen. Nov. CRYPTOGAMIE MYCOL 2020. [DOI: 10.5252/cryptogamie-mycologie2020v41a3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Monika C. Dayarathne
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100 (Thailand) and World Agroforestry Centre East and Central Asia Office, 132 Lanhei Road, Kunming 650201 (China) and Key Laboratory for Plant Biodiversity and Biogeogra
| | - Dhanushka N. Wanasinghe
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100 (Thailand) and World Agroforestry Centre East and Central Asia Office, 132 Lanhei Road, Kunming 650201 (China)
| | - B. Devadatha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Kalapet, Pondicherry 605014 (India)
| | - Pranami Abeywickrama
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100 (Thailand) and Institute of Plant and Environment Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences (China)
| | - E. B. Gareth Jones
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, King Saudi University, Riyadh (Saudi Arabia)
| | - Putarak Chomnunti
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100 (Thailand)
| | - V. V. Sarma
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Kalapet, Pondicherry 605014 (India)
| | - Kevin D. Hyde
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100 (Thailand) and World Agroforestry Centre East and Central Asia Office, 132 Lanhei Road, Kunming 650201 (China) and Key Laboratory for Plant Biodiversity and Biogeogra
| | - Saisamorn Lumyong
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200 (Thailand)
| | - Eric H. C. Mckenzie
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200 (Thailand) and Landcare Research New Zealand, Private Bag 92170, Auckland Mail Centre, Auckland 1142 (New Zealand)
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Eichmeier A, Pecenka J, Spetik M, Necas T, Ondrasek I, Armengol J, León M, Berlanas C, Gramaje D. Fungal Trunk Pathogens Associated With Juglans regia in the Czech Republic. PLANT DISEASE 2020; 104:761-771. [PMID: 31944904 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-06-19-1308-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Juglans regia L. (English walnut) trees with cankers and dieback symptoms were observed in two regions in the Czech Republic. Isolations were made from diseased branches. In total, 138 fungal isolates representing 10 fungal species were obtained from wood samples and identified based on morphological characteristics and molecular methods: Cadophora novi-eboraci, Cadophora spadicis, Cryptovalsa ampelina, Diaporthe eres, Diplodia seriata, Dothiorella omnivora, Eutypa lata, Eutypella sp., Peroneutypa scoparia, and Phaeoacremonium sicilianum. Pathogenicity tests conducted under field conditions with all species using the mycelium-plug method indicated that Eutypa lata and Cadophora spp. were highly virulent to woody stems of walnut. This is the first study to detect and identify fungal trunk pathogens associated with diseased walnut trees in Europe.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Eichmeier
- Mendeleum Institute of Genetics, Faculty of Horticulture, Mendel University in Brno, 69144 Lednice, Czech Republic
| | - J Pecenka
- Mendeleum Institute of Genetics, Faculty of Horticulture, Mendel University in Brno, 69144 Lednice, Czech Republic
| | - M Spetik
- Mendeleum Institute of Genetics, Faculty of Horticulture, Mendel University in Brno, 69144 Lednice, Czech Republic
| | - T Necas
- Department of Fruit Growing, Faculty of Horticulture, Mendel University in Brno, 69144 Lednice, Czech Republic
| | - I Ondrasek
- Department of Fruit Growing, Faculty of Horticulture, Mendel University in Brno, 69144 Lednice, Czech Republic
| | - J Armengol
- Instituto Agroforestal Mediterráneo, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - M León
- Instituto Agroforestal Mediterráneo, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - C Berlanas
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Vid y del Vino, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad de la Rioja, Gobierno de La Rioja, 26007 Logroño, Spain
| | - D Gramaje
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Vid y del Vino, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad de la Rioja, Gobierno de La Rioja, 26007 Logroño, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Antonelli F, Esposito A, Calvo L, Licursi V, Tisseyre P, Ricci S, Romagnoli M, Piazza S, Guerrieri F. Characterization of black patina from the Tiber River embankments using Next-Generation Sequencing. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0227639. [PMID: 31917800 PMCID: PMC6952188 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0227639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Black patinas are very common biological deterioration phenomena on lapideous artworks in outdoor environments. These substrates, exposed to sunlight, and atmospheric and environmental agents (i.e. wind and temperature changes), represent extreme environments that can only be colonized by highly versatile and adaptable microorganisms. Black patinas comprise a wide variety of microorganisms, but the morphological plasticity of most of these microorganisms hinders their identification by optical microscopy. This study used Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) (including shotgun and amplicon sequencing) to characterize the black patina of the travertine embankments (muraglioni) of the Tiber River in Rome (Italy). Overall, the sequencing highlighted the rich diversity of bacterial and fungal communities and allowed the identification of more than one hundred taxa. NGS confirmed the relevance of coccoid and filamentous cyanobacteria observed by optical microscopy and revealed an informative landscape of the fungal community underlining the presence of microcolonial fungi and phylloplane yeasts. For the first time high-throughput sequencing allowed the exploration of the expansive diversity of bacteria in black patina, which has so far been overlooked in routine analyses. Furthermore, the identification of euendolithic microorganisms and weathering agents underlines the biodegradative role of black patina, which has often been underestimated. Therefore, the use of NGS to characterize black patinas could be useful in choosing appropriate conservation treatments and in the monitoring of stone colonization after the restoration interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Federica Antonelli
- Department of Innovation of Biological Systems, Food and Forestry (DIBAF), Tuscia University, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Alfonso Esposito
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology–CIBIO, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Ludovica Calvo
- Center for Life NanoScience@Sapienza, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Rome, Italy
| | - Valerio Licursi
- Institute for Systems Analysis and Computer Science “Antonio Ruberti”, National Research Council, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Sandra Ricci
- Biology Laboratory, Istituto Superiore per la Conservazione e per il Restauro (ISCR), Rome, Italy
| | - Manuela Romagnoli
- Department of Innovation of Biological Systems, Food and Forestry (DIBAF), Tuscia University, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Silvano Piazza
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology–CIBIO, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Francesca Guerrieri
- Center for Life NanoScience@Sapienza, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Rome, Italy
- Epigenetics and epigenomic of hepatocellular carcinoma, U1052, Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL), Lyon, France
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Mehrabi M, Asgari B, Hemmati R. Two new species of Eutypella and a new combination in the genus Peroneutypa (Diatrypaceae). Mycol Prog 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11557-019-01503-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
17
|
|
18
|
Moyo P, Damm U, Mostert L, Halleen F. Eutypa, Eutypella, and Cryptovalsa Species (Diatrypaceae) Associated with Prunus Species in South Africa. PLANT DISEASE 2018; 102:1402-1409. [PMID: 30673568 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-11-17-1696-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Stone fruit trees (Prunus spp.) are economically important fruit trees cultivated in South Africa. These trees are often grown in close proximity to vineyards and are to a large extent affected by the same trunk disease pathogens as grapevines. The aim of the present study was to determine whether stone fruit trees are inhabited by Diatrypaceae species known from grapevines and whether these trees could act as alternative hosts for these fungal species. Isolations were carried out from symptomatic wood of Prunus species (almond, apricot, cherry, nectarine, peach, and plum) in stone fruit growing areas in South Africa. Identification of isolates was based on phylogenetic analyses of the internal transcribed spacer region and β-tubulin gene. Forty-six Diatrypaceae isolates were obtained from a total of 380 wood samples, from which five species were identified. All five species have also been associated with dieback of grapevine. The highest number of isolates was found on apricot followed by plum. No Diatrypaceae species were isolated from peach and nectarine. Eutypa lata was the dominant species isolated (26 isolates), followed by Cryptovalsa ampelina (7), Eutypa cremea (5), Eutypella citricola (5), and Eutypella microtheca (3). First reports from Prunus spp. are E. cremea, E. citricola, and E. microtheca. Pathogenicity tests conducted on apricot and plum revealed that all these species are pathogenic to these hosts, causing red-brown necrotic lesions like those typical of Eutypa dieback on apricot.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Providence Moyo
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1 Matieland, 7602, South Africa
| | - Ulrike Damm
- Senckenberg Museum of Natural History Gorlitz, PF 300 154, 02806 Gorlitz, Germany
| | - Lizel Mostert
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1 Matieland, 7602, South Africa
| | - Francois Halleen
- Plant Protection Division, ARC Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Private Bag X5026, Stellenbosch, 7599, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Jayawardena RS, Purahong W, Zhang W, Wubet T, Li X, Liu M, Zhao W, Hyde KD, Liu J, Yan J. Biodiversity of fungi on Vitis vinifera L. revealed by traditional and high-resolution culture-independent approaches. FUNGAL DIVERS 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s13225-018-0398-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
|
20
|
Gramaje D, Úrbez-Torres JR, Sosnowski MR. Managing Grapevine Trunk Diseases With Respect to Etiology and Epidemiology: Current Strategies and Future Prospects. PLANT DISEASE 2018; 102:12-39. [PMID: 30673457 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-04-17-0512-fe] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Fungal trunk diseases are some of the most destructive diseases of grapevine in all grape growing areas of the world. Management of GTDs has been intensively studied for decades with some great advances made in our understanding of the causal pathogens, their epidemiology, impact, and control. However, due to the breadth and complexity of the problem, no single effective control measure has been developed. Management of GTD must be holistic and integrated, with an interdisciplinary approach conducted in both nurseries and vineyards that integrates plant pathology, agronomy, viticulture, microbiology, epidemiology, biochemistry, physiology, and genetics. In this review, we identify a number of areas of future prospect for effective management of GTDs worldwide, which, if addressed, will provide a positive outlook on the longevity of vineyards in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Gramaje
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Vid y del Vino, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas - Universidad de la Rioja - Gobierno de la Rioja, Logroño 26007, Spain
| | - José Ramón Úrbez-Torres
- Summerland Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Science and Technology Branch, Summerland, British Columbia V0H1Z0, Canada
| | - Mark R Sosnowski
- South Australian Research and Development Institute, GPO Box 397, Adelaide SA 5001, Australia; and School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Waite Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Moyo P, Mostert L, Spies CFJ, Damm U, Halleen F. Diversity of Diatrypaceae Species Associated with Dieback of Grapevines in South Africa, with the Description of Eutypa cremea sp. nov. PLANT DISEASE 2018; 102:220-230. [PMID: 30673471 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-05-17-0738-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies in grape-growing areas including Australia, California, and Spain have revealed an extensive diversity of Diatrypaceae species on grapevines showing dieback symptoms and cankers. However, in South Africa, little is known regarding the diversity of these species in vineyards. The aim of this study was, therefore, to identify and characterize Diatrypaceae species associated with dieback symptoms of grapevine in South Africa. Isolates were collected from dying spurs of grapevines aged 4 to 8 years old, grapevine wood showing wedge-shaped necrosis when cut in cross section as well as from perithecia on dead grapevine wood. The collected isolates were identified based on morphological characters and phylogenetic analyses of the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) and β-tubulin gene. Seven Diatrypaceae species were identified on grapevine, namely Cryptovalsa ampelina, C. rabenhorstii, Eutypa consobrina, E. lata, E. cremea sp. nov., Eutypella citricola, and E. microtheca. The dying spurs yielded the highest diversity of species when compared with the wedge-shaped necrosis and/or perithecia. C. ampelina was the dominant species in the dying spurs, followed by E. citricola, whereas E. lata was the dominant species isolated from the wedge-shaped necroses and perithecia. These results confirm E. lata as an important grapevine canker pathogen in South Africa, but the frequent association of C. ampelina with spur dieback suggests that this pathogen plays a more prominent role in dieback than previously assumed. In some cases, more than one species were isolated from a single symptom, which suggests that interactions may be occurring leading to decline of grapevines. C. rabenhorstii, E. consobrina, E. citricola, E. microtheca, and E. cremea are reported for the first time on grapevine in South Africa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Providence Moyo
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Stellenbosch, Matieland, 7602, South Africa
| | - Lizel Mostert
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Stellenbosch, Matieland, 7602, South Africa
| | - Christoffel F J Spies
- Plant Protection Division, ARC Infruitec-Nietvoorbji, Stellenbosch, 7599, South Africa
| | - Ulrike Damm
- Senckenberg Museum of Natural History Görlitz, 02806 Görlitz, Germany
| | - Francois Halleen
- Plant Protection Division, ARC Infruitec-Nietvoorbji, Stellenbosch, 7599, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Pouzoulet J, Rolshausen PE, Schiavon M, Bol S, Travadon R, Lawrence DP, Baumgartner K, Ashworth VE, Comont G, Corio-Costet MF, Pierron RJG, Besson X, Jacques A. A Method to Detect and Quantify Eutypa lata and Diplodia seriata-Complex DNA in Grapevine Pruning Wounds. PLANT DISEASE 2017; 101:1470-1480. [PMID: 30678588 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-03-17-0362-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Trunk diseases are factors that limit sustainability of vineyards worldwide. Botryosphaeria and Eutypa diebacks are caused by several fungi belonging to the Botryosphaeriaceae and Diatrypaceae, respectively, with Diplodia seriata and Eutypa lata being two of the most common species. Previous information indicated that the traditional isolation method used to detect these pathogens from plant samples could underestimate their incidence levels. In the present study, we designed two sets of primers that target the β-tubulin gene and that are amenable for quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) Sybr-Green assays for the detection and quantification of D. seriata-complex (DseCQF/R) and E. lata (ElQF/R) DNA. The design of a species-specific assay was achieved for E. lata. For D. seriata, a species-specific assay could not be designed. The low interspecific diversity across β-tubulin genes resulted in an assay that could not discriminate D. seriata from some closely related species either not yet reported or presenting a low prevalence on grapevine, such as D. intermedia. We validated our technique on grapevine spur samples naturally and artificially infected with D. seriata and E. lata during the dormant season. Experimental grapevines were located in two counties of northern California where the incidence of both pathogens was previously reported. The qPCR assays revealed that a high frequency of pruning wound infections (65%) was achieved naturally by E. lata, while low infection frequency (less than 5%) was observed using the reisolation method. For D. seriata-complex, low (5%) to no natural infection frequencies were observed by the qPCR and the reisolation method, respectively. These results also provided evidence that our qPCR detection methods were more sensitive to assess the incidence of E. lata and D. seriata-complex in plant samples, than traditional isolation techniques. Benefits of molecular methods for the detection of canker pathogens in the field under natural conditions are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Pouzoulet
- Physiologie Pathologie et Génétique Végétales (PPGV), Université de Toulouse, INP-PURPAN, Toulouse, France; Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside; and Loire Viti Vini Distribution (LVVD), Mozé sur Louet, France
| | | | - Marco Schiavon
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside
| | - Sebastiaan Bol
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside
| | - Renaud Travadon
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis
| | | | | | - Vanessa E Ashworth
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside
| | | | | | - Romain J G Pierron
- Physiologie Pathologie et Génétique Végétales (PPGV), Université de Toulouse, INP-PURPAN, Toulouse, France
| | - Xavier Besson
- Loire Viti Vini Distribution (LVVD), Mozé sur Louet, France
| | - Alban Jacques
- Physiologie Pathologie et Génétique Végétales (PPGV), Université de Toulouse, INP-PURPAN, Toulouse, France
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Elena G, Luque J. Seasonal Susceptibility of Grapevine Pruning Wounds and Cane Colonization in Catalonia, Spain Following Artificial Infection with Diplodia seriata and Phaeomoniella chlamydospora. PLANT DISEASE 2016; 100:1651-1659. [PMID: 30686215 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-10-15-1186-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Diplodia seriata and Phaeomoniella chlamydospora are two fungal pathogens associated with grapevine trunk diseases worldwide. This study aimed to evaluate the period during which grapevine pruning wounds remain susceptible to fungal infection and to describe the colonization of canes artificially inoculated with these pathogens. In the first experiment, pruning wounds made in either fall or winter were separately inoculated with each pathogen at different times after pruning. Wound susceptibility to both pathogens decreased as the period between pruning and inoculation increased, from high percentages recorded in the first inoculation round (D. seriata, 97.5% and P. chlamydospora, 75%) down to approximately 10% 12 weeks after pruning. Pruning wounds remained more susceptible to D. seriata after a late pruning in winter whereas no overall seasonal changes in wound susceptibility were detected for P. chlamydospora. In the second experiment, canes were pruned by leaving two different lengths between the top node and the pruning wound before inoculations. Pathogens were recovered at different incubation periods and from different sites along the canes to estimate fungal cane colonization. A longer pruned internode made cane colonization by P. chlamydospora difficult, as indicated by fungal recoveries lower than 10% at the lowest recovery site, whereas D. seriata was less inhibited.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Georgina Elena
- Department of Plant Pathology, IRTA Cabrils, 08348 Cabrils, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Luque
- Department of Plant Pathology, IRTA Cabrils, 08348 Cabrils, Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Trouillas FP, Gubler WD. Cryptosphaeria Dieback of Fremont Cottonwood Caused by Cryptosphaeria pullmanensis and C. multicontinentalis in California. PLANT DISEASE 2016; 100:777-783. [PMID: 30688620 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-09-15-0972-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Fremont cottonwood is a large and tall tree native to riparian areas in the southwestern United States. It grows along streams, rivers, and wetlands and serves many ecological and socioeconomic functions. In recent years, we observed a severe decline of Fremont cottonwood trees in California. Trees showed branches dying back, with dark-brown internal discoloration and decay of the wood of twigs, branches, or trunks. Eventually, the cambium and the bark were killed, causing a canker. The fungus Cryptosphaeria pullmanensis was isolated consistently from the necrotic wood of branches and twigs. On rare occasion, C. multicontinentalis was also isolated from symptomatic wood. Therefore, we investigated the pathogenicity in Fremont cottonwood of C. pullmanensis and C. multicontinentalis. Koch's postulates were completed in saplings and both species appeared highly virulent, producing internal necrosis and staining of the wood. This study is the first to report Cryptosphaeria dieback of Populus fremontii caused by C. pullmanensis and C. multicontinentalis. Symptoms and signs of this new disease are described and illustrated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F P Trouillas
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis 95616
| | - W D Gubler
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis 95616
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Wang C, Guan X, Wang H, Li G, Dong X, Wang G, Li B. Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation of Valsa mali: an efficient tool for random insertion mutagenesis. ScientificWorldJournal 2013; 2013:968432. [PMID: 24381526 PMCID: PMC3867955 DOI: 10.1155/2013/968432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2013] [Accepted: 11/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Valsa mali is a causal agent of apple and pear trees canker disease, which is a destructive disease that causes serious economic losses in eastern Asia, especially in China. The lack of an efficient transformation system for Valsa mali retards its investigation, which poses difficulties to control the disease. In this research, a transformation system for this pathogen was established for the first time using A. tumefaciens-mediated transformation (ATMT), with the optimal transformation conditions as follows: 10(6)/mL conidia suspension, cocultivation temperature 22°C, cocultivation time 72 hours, and 200 μ M acetosyringone (AS) in the inductive medium. The average transformation efficiency was 1015.00 ± 37.35 transformants per 10(6) recipient conidia. Thirty transformants were randomly selected for further confirmation and the results showed the presence of T-DNA in all hygromycin B resistant transformants and also revealed random and single gene integration with genetic stability. Compared with wild-type strain, those transformants exhibited various differences in morphology, conidia production, and conidia germination ability. In addition, pathogenicity assays revealed that 14 transformants had mitigated pathogenicity, while one had enhanced infection ability. The results suggest that ATMT of V. mali is a useful tool to gain novel insight into this economically important pathogen at molecular levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caixia Wang
- College of Agronomy and Plant Protection, Key Lab of Integrated Crop Pest Management of Shandong Province, Qingdao Agricultural University, 700 Changcheng Road, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Xiangnan Guan
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Hanyan Wang
- College of Agronomy and Plant Protection, Key Lab of Integrated Crop Pest Management of Shandong Province, Qingdao Agricultural University, 700 Changcheng Road, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Guifang Li
- College of Agronomy and Plant Protection, Key Lab of Integrated Crop Pest Management of Shandong Province, Qingdao Agricultural University, 700 Changcheng Road, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Xiangli Dong
- College of Agronomy and Plant Protection, Key Lab of Integrated Crop Pest Management of Shandong Province, Qingdao Agricultural University, 700 Changcheng Road, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Guoping Wang
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, 1 Shizishan Road, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Baohua Li
- College of Agronomy and Plant Protection, Key Lab of Integrated Crop Pest Management of Shandong Province, Qingdao Agricultural University, 700 Changcheng Road, Qingdao 266109, China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Úrbez-Torres JR, Peduto F, Smith RJ, Gubler WD. Phomopsis Dieback: A Grapevine Trunk Disease Caused by Phomopsis viticola in California. PLANT DISEASE 2013; 97:1571-1579. [PMID: 30716818 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-11-12-1072-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Field surveys recently conducted in California and in other grape-growing regions in the United States showed Phomopsis viticola to be one of the most prevalent fungi isolated from grapevine perennial cankers in declining vines. The current study has not only confirmed the presence of P. viticola from grapevine cankers in California but also has for the first time revealed the occurrence of Diaporthe ambigua, D. eres, and D. neotheicola in symptomatic grapevine wood in California by means of morphological studies and multi-gene sequence analysis. Pathogenicity trials conducted on mature cordons of Vitis vinifera 'Syrah' and 'Red Globe', as well as on lignified Syrah dormant canes, showed P. viticola isolates from California to be capable of causing perennial cankers. Lengths of vascular discoloration caused by P. viticola were similar to those caused by Eutypa lata and several Botryosphaeriaceae spp., which are well-known grapevine trunk disease pathogens. Additionally, a lack of spring growth was commonly observed in dormant canes inoculated with P. viticola spore suspensions in two pathogenicity trials. As part of this study, V. vinifera 'Cabernet Sauvignon' and 'Zinfandel' wood was shown to be more susceptible to infection by P. viticola than 'Barbera', 'Chardonnay', 'Merlot', and 'Thompson Seedless' wood. After more than 40 years overlooking P. viticola as a grapevine wood pathogen, this study provides strong evidence of the role of P. viticola as a canker-causing organism, and suggests its addition to the fungi involved in the grapevine trunk disease complex. Results from this study suggest D. ambigua and D. neotheicola to be saprophytes or weak pathogens on grapevine wood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J R Úrbez-Torres
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
| | - F Peduto
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
| | - R J Smith
- University of California Cooperative Extension, Sonoma County, Santa Rosa, CA 95403
| | - W D Gubler
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Lynch SC, Zambino PJ, Mayorquin JS, Wang DH, Eskalen A. Identification of New Fungal Pathogens of Coast Live Oak in California. PLANT DISEASE 2013; 97:1025-1036. [PMID: 30722474 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-11-12-1055-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A decline of coast live oak (Quercus agrifolia) has been observed throughout southern California. In this study, the identity and pathogenicity of non-Botryosphaeriaceae fungal species consistently recovered from necrotic tissues of branch and bleeding trunk canker samples from these locations were assessed. Species were identified morphologically and by comparison of the complete sequence of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) of the ribosomal DNA to sequences available in GenBank. Phylogenetic analyses were then conducted using ITS and partial sequences of the β-tubulin and mitochondrial small ribosomal subunit genes for unknown species. Fungi recovered and identified included Fusarium solani, Phaeoacremonium mortoniae, Diatrypella verrucaeformis, and a fungus described herein as Cryptosporiopsis querciphila sp. nov. One-year-old coast live oak seedlings were wound inoculated under controlled conditions to test pathogenicity of the fungal species. Each fungal species was successfully reisolated from necrotic tissue at 70 and 100% for P. mortoniae and all other species, and xylem necrosis was significantly different between all treatments and controls (P < 0.0001 at α = 0.05). Isolates of F. solani were the most aggressive tested. These species represent new records of fungal pathogens of coast live oak in California. Results from the pathogenicity test suggest that these fungi play a role in the decline of southern California coast live oak trees.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Paul J Zambino
- United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Region, San Bernardino, CA 92408
| | - Joey Sal Mayorquin
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, University of California, Riverside 92521
| | - Danny Ho Wang
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, University of California, Riverside 92521
| | - Akif Eskalen
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, University of California, Riverside 92521
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Pitt WM, Trouillas FP, Gubler WD, Savocchia S, Sosnowski MR. Pathogenicity of Diatrypaceous Fungi on Grapevines in Australia. PLANT DISEASE 2013; 97:749-756. [PMID: 30722588 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-10-12-0954-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
In addition to Eutypa lata, which causes Eutypa dieback, numerous other fungi in the Diatrypaceae family have been isolated from diseased grapevines (Vitis vinifera) and other woody hosts. Pathogenicity trials comprising 70 strains of diatrypaceous fungi representing nine species in six genera were conducted to determine whether these fungi, collected in Australia, were pathogenic to grapevines. When inoculated into wounded trunks of 'Cabernet Sauvignon', eight species, including E. lata, E. leptoplaca, Cryptovalsa ampelina, C. rabenhorstii, Eutypella citricola, E. microtheca, Diatrypella vulgaris, and a Diatrype sp. produced necrotic lesions significantly longer than on controls. In addition, all nine species (including a Cryptosphaeria sp.) were reisolated from the margins of developing lesions and at varying distances above and below the point of inoculation. Diatrypaceous fungi were frequently isolated from asymptomatic or otherwise healthy tissue several centimeters ahead of the disease margin. Methods to control diseases associated with diatrypaceous fungi must take into account their propensity to colonize woody tissues ahead of or in the absence of visible symptoms. Current recommendations for the management of Eutypa dieback using remedial surgery and pruning wound protection appear sufficient for the control of the other diatrypaceous fungi included in this study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wayne M Pitt
- National Wine and Grape Industry Centre (NWGIC), School of Agricultural and Wine Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia
| | | | - Walter D Gubler
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis 95616
| | | | - Mark R Sosnowski
- South Australian Research and Development Institute, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Úrbez-Torres JR, Peduto F, Vossen PM, Krueger WH, Gubler WD. Olive Twig and Branch Dieback: Etiology, Incidence, and Distribution in California. PLANT DISEASE 2013; 97:231-244. [PMID: 30722318 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-04-12-0390-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Eighteen different fungal species were isolated from symptomatic wood of olive trees (Olea europaea) affected by twig and branch dieback in California and identified by means of morphological characters and multigene sequence analyses of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2), a partial sequence of the β-tubulin gene, and part of the translation elongation factor 1-α gene (EF1-α). These species included Diaporthe viticola, Diatrype oregonensis, Diatrype stigma, Diplodia mutila, Dothiorella iberica, Lasiodiplodia theobromae, Phaeomoniella chlamydospora, Phomopsis sp. group 1, Phomopsis sp. group 2, and Schizophyllum commune, which are for the first time reported to occur in olive trees; Eutypa lata, Neofusicoccum luteum, Neofusicoccum vitifusiforme, and Phaeoacremonium aleophilum, which are for the first time reported to occur in olive trees in the United States; and Botryosphaeria dothidea, Diplodia seriata, Neofusicoccum mediterraneum, and Trametes versicolor, which have been previously reported in olive trees in California. Pathogenicity studies conducted in olive cultivars Manzanillo and Sevillano showed N. mediterraneum and Diplodia mutila to be the most virulent species and Diatrype stigma and D. oregonensis the least virulent when inoculated in olive branches. Intermediate virulence was shown for the rest of the taxa. This study demystifies the cause of olive twig and branch dieback and elucidates most of the fungal pathogens responsible for this disease in California.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J R Úrbez-Torres
- Pacific Agri-Food Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 4200 Highway 97, Box 5000, Summerland, British Columbia V0H1Z0, Canada
| | - F Peduto
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - P M Vossen
- University of California Cooperative Extension Sonoma County, Santa Rosa, CA 95403, USA
| | - W H Krueger
- University of California Cooperative Extension Glenn County, Orland, CA 95963, USA
| | - W D Gubler
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Andolfi A, Mugnai L, Luque J, Surico G, Cimmino A, Evidente A. Phytotoxins produced by fungi associated with grapevine trunk diseases. Toxins (Basel) 2011; 3:1569-605. [PMID: 22295177 PMCID: PMC3268457 DOI: 10.3390/toxins3121569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2011] [Revised: 11/29/2011] [Accepted: 11/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Up to 60 species of fungi in the Botryosphaeriaceae family, genera Cadophora, Cryptovalsa, Cylindrocarpon, Diatrype, Diatrypella, Eutypa, Eutypella, Fomitiporella, Fomitiporia, Inocutis, Phaeoacremonium and Phaeomoniella have been isolated from decline-affected grapevines all around the World. The main grapevine trunk diseases of mature vines are Eutypa dieback, the esca complex and cankers caused by the Botryospheriaceae, while in young vines the main diseases are Petri and black foot diseases. To understand the mechanism of these decline-associated diseases and the symptoms associated with them, the toxins produced by the pathogens involved in these diseases were isolated and characterised chemically and biologically. So far the toxins of only a small number of these decline fungi have been studied. This paper presents an overview of the toxins produced by the most serious of these vine wood pathogens: Eutypa lata, Phaeomoniella chlamydospora, Phaeoacremonium aleophilum and some taxa in the Botryosphaeriaceae family, and examines how these toxins produce decline symptoms. The chemical structure of these metabolites and in some cases their vivotoxin nature are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Andolfi
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Suolo, della Pianta, dell’Ambiente e delle Produzioni Animali, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Università 100, Portici I-80055, Italy; (A.C.); (A.E.)
| | - Laura Mugnai
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Agrarie, Sezione Protezione delle piante, Università degli Studi di Firenze, P.le delle Cascine 28, Firenze I-50144, Italy;
| | - Jordi Luque
- Departament de Patologia Vegetal, IRTA, Ctra. de Cabrils km 2, Cabrils E-08348, Spain;
| | - Giuseppe Surico
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Agrarie, Sezione Protezione delle piante, Università degli Studi di Firenze, P.le delle Cascine 28, Firenze I-50144, Italy;
| | - Alessio Cimmino
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Suolo, della Pianta, dell’Ambiente e delle Produzioni Animali, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Università 100, Portici I-80055, Italy; (A.C.); (A.E.)
| | - Antonio Evidente
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Suolo, della Pianta, dell’Ambiente e delle Produzioni Animali, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Università 100, Portici I-80055, Italy; (A.C.); (A.E.)
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Urbez-Torres JR, Peduto F, Striegler RK, Urrea-Romero KE, Rupe JC, Cartwright RD, Gubler WD. Characterization of fungal pathogens associated with grapevine trunk diseases in Arkansas and Missouri. FUNGAL DIVERS 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s13225-011-0110-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
32
|
Trouillas FP, Pitt WM, Sosnowski MR, Huang R, Peduto F, Loschiavo A, Savocchia S, Scott ES, Gubler WD. Taxonomy and DNA phylogeny of Diatrypaceae associated with Vitis vinifera and other woody plants in Australia. FUNGAL DIVERS 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s13225-011-0094-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|