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Bai X, Wang S, Zhang Q, Hu Y, Zhou J, Men L, Li D, Ma J, Wei Q, Xu M, Yin X, Hu T. Reprogramming the Metabolism of Yeast for High-Level Production of Miltiradiene. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:8704-8714. [PMID: 38572931 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c01203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Miltiradiene serves as a crucial precursor in the synthesis of various high-value abietane-type diterpenes, exhibiting diverse pharmacological activities. Previous efforts to enhance miltiradiene production have primarily focused on the mevalonate acetate (MVA) pathway. However, limited emphasis has been placed on optimizing the supply of acetyl-CoA and NADPH. In this study, we constructed a platform yeast strain for miltiradiene production by reinforcing the biosynthetic pathway of geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGPP) and acetyl-CoA, and addressing the imbalance between the supply and demand of the redox cofactor NADPH within the cytoplasm, resulting in an increase in miltiradiene yield to 1.31 g/L. Furthermore, we conducted modifications to the miltiradiene synthase fusion protein tSmKSL1-CfTPS1. Finally, the comprehensive engineering strategies and protein modification strategies culminated in 1.43 g/L miltiradiene in the engineered yeast under shake flask culture conditions. Overall, our work established efficient yeast cell factories for miltiradiene production, providing a foothold for heterologous biosynthesis of abietane-type diterpenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Bai
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Shuling Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines; Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines; Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Qin Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Yuhan Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Jiawei Zhou
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Lianhui Men
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Dengyu Li
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Jing Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Qiuhui Wei
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines; Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines; Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Mengdie Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Xiaopu Yin
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines; Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines; Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Tianyuan Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines; Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines; Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
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Wang YZ, Ye YX, Lu JB, Wang X, Lu HB, Zhang ZL, Ye ZX, Lu YW, Sun ZT, Chen JP, Li JM, Zhang CX, Huang HJ. Horizontally Transferred Salivary Protein Promotes Insect Feeding by Suppressing Ferredoxin-Mediated Plant Defenses. Mol Biol Evol 2023; 40:msad221. [PMID: 37804524 PMCID: PMC10583550 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msad221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Herbivorous insects such as whiteflies, planthoppers, and aphids secrete abundant orphan proteins to facilitate feeding. Yet, how these genes are recruited and evolve to mediate plant-insect interaction remains unknown. In this study, we report a horizontal gene transfer (HGT) event from fungi to an ancestor of Aleyrodidae insects approximately 42 to 190 million years ago. BtFTSP1 is a salivary protein that is secreted into host plants during Bemisia tabaci feeding. It targets a defensive ferredoxin 1 in Nicotiana tabacum (NtFD1) and disrupts the NtFD1-NtFD1 interaction in plant cytosol, leading to the degradation of NtFD1 in a ubiquitin-dependent manner. Silencing BtFTSP1 has negative effects on B. tabaci feeding while overexpressing BtFTSP1 in N. tabacum benefits insects and rescues the adverse effect caused by NtFD1 overexpression. The association between BtFTSP1 and NtFD1 is newly evolved after HGT, with the homologous FTSP in its fungal donor failing to interact and destabilize NtFD1. Our study illustrates the important roles of horizontally transferred genes in plant-insect interactions and suggests the potential origin of orphan salivary genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Zhe Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Yu-Xuan Ye
- Institute of Insect Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jia-Bao Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Xin Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Hai-Bin Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Ze-Long Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Zhuang-Xin Ye
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Yu-Wen Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Zong-Tao Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Jian-Ping Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Jun-Min Li
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Chuan-Xi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Hai-Jian Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
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Chen I, Chen X, Chiu G, Huang Y, Hsu Y, Tsai C. The function of chloroplast ferredoxin-NADP + oxidoreductase positively regulates the accumulation of bamboo mosaic virus in Nicotiana benthamiana. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2022; 23:503-515. [PMID: 34918877 PMCID: PMC8916203 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.13174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
A gene down-regulated in Nicotiana benthamiana after bamboo mosaic virus (BaMV) infection had high identity to the nuclear-encoded chloroplast ferredoxin NADP+ oxidoreductase gene (NbFNR). NbFNR is a flavoenzyme involved in the photosynthesis electron transport chain, catalysing the conversion of NADP+ into NADPH. To investigate whether NbFNR is involved in BaMV infection, we used virus-induced gene silencing to reduce the expression of NbFNR in leaves and protoplasts. After BaMV inoculation, the accumulation of BaMV coat protein and RNA was significantly reduced. The transient expression of NbFNR fused with orange fluorescent protein (OFP) localized in the chloroplasts and elevated the level of BaMV coat protein. These results suggest that NbFNR could play a positive role in regulating BaMV accumulation. Expressing a mutant that failed to translocate to the chloroplast did not assist in BaMV accumulation. Another mutant with a catalytic site mutation could support BaMV accumulation to some extent, but accumulation was significantly lower than that of the wild type. In an in vitro replication assay, the replicase complex with FNR inhibitor, heparin, the RdRp activity was reduced. Furthermore, BaMV replicase was revealed to interact with NbFNR in yeast two-hybrid and co-immunoprecipitation experiments. Overall, these results suggest that NbFNR localized in the chloroplast with functional activity could efficiently assist BaMV accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- I‐Hsuan Chen
- Graduate Institute of BiotechnologyNational Chung Hsing UniversityTaichungTaiwan
| | - Xiang‐Yu Chen
- Graduate Institute of BiotechnologyNational Chung Hsing UniversityTaichungTaiwan
| | - Guan‐Zhi Chiu
- Graduate Institute of BiotechnologyNational Chung Hsing UniversityTaichungTaiwan
| | - Ying‐Ping Huang
- Graduate Institute of BiotechnologyNational Chung Hsing UniversityTaichungTaiwan
| | - Yau‐Heiu Hsu
- Graduate Institute of BiotechnologyNational Chung Hsing UniversityTaichungTaiwan
- Advaced Plant Biotechnology CenterNational Chung Hsing UniversityTaichungTaiwan
| | - Ching‐Hsiu Tsai
- Graduate Institute of BiotechnologyNational Chung Hsing UniversityTaichungTaiwan
- Advaced Plant Biotechnology CenterNational Chung Hsing UniversityTaichungTaiwan
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Zhao X, Huang LJ, Sun XF, Zhao LL, Wang PC. Differential Physiological, Transcriptomic, and Metabolomic Responses of Paspalum wettsteinii Under High-Temperature Stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:865608. [PMID: 35528933 PMCID: PMC9069066 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.865608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Global warming has far-reaching effects on plant growth and development. As a warm-season forage grass, Paspalum wettsteinii is highly adaptable to high temperatures. However, the response mechanism of P. wettsteinii under high-temperature stress is still unclear. Therefore, we investigated the physiological indicators, transcriptome and metabolome of P. wettsteinii under different heat stress treatments. Plant height, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT), and the contents of soluble sugar, proline, chlorophyll a, and chlorophyll b increased and then decreased, while the malondialdehyde (MDA) content decreased and then increased with increasing heat stress. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that genes related to energy and carbohydrate metabolism, heat shock proteins (HSPs), and transcription factors (TFs), secondary metabolite biosynthesis and the antioxidant system significantly changed to varying degrees. Metabolomic analysis showed that only free fatty acids were downregulated, while amino acids and their derivatives, organic acids, flavonoids, and sugars were both up- and downregulated under heat stress. These combined analyses revealed that growth was promoted at 25-40°C, while at 45°C, excess reactive oxygen species (ROS) damage reduced antioxidant and osmoregulatory effects and inactivated genes associated with the light and electron transport chains (ETCs), as well as damaged the PS II system and inhibited photosynthesis. A small number of genes and metabolites were upregulated to maintain the basic growth of P. wettsteinii. The physiological and biochemical changes in response to high-temperature stress were revealed, and the important metabolites and key genes involved in the response to high temperature were identified, providing an important reference for the physiological and molecular regulation of high-temperature stress in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhao
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Li-Juan Huang
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Xiao-Fu Sun
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Li-Li Zhao
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- *Correspondence: Li-Li Zhao,
| | - Pu-Chang Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China
- Pu-Chang Wang,
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5
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Physiological and transcriptome analyses for assessing the effects of exogenous uniconazole on drought tolerance in hemp (Cannabis sativa L.). Sci Rep 2021; 11:14476. [PMID: 34262091 PMCID: PMC8280108 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93820-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Uniconazole (S-(+)-uniconazole), a plant growth retardant, exerts key roles in modulating growth and development and increasing abiotic stress tolerance in plants. However, the underlying mechanisms by which uniconazole regulates drought response remain largely unknown. Here, the effects of exogenous uniconazole on drought tolerance in hemp were studied via physiological and transcriptome analyses of the drought-sensitive industrial hemp cultivar Hanma No. 2 grown under drought stress. Exogenous uniconazole treatment increased hemp tolerance to drought-induced damage by enhancing chlorophyll content and photosynthesis capacity, regulating activities of enzymes involved in carbon and nitrogen metabolism, and altering endogenous hormone levels. Expression of genes associated with porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism, photosynthesis-antenna proteins, photosynthesis, starch and sucrose metabolism, nitrogen metabolism, and plant hormone signal transduction were significantly regulated by uniconazole compared with that by control (distilled water) under drought stress. Numerous genes were differentially expressed to increase chlorophyll content, enhance photosynthesis, regulate carbon-nitrogen metabolism-related enzyme activities, and alter endogenous hormone levels. Thus, uniconazole regulated physiological and molecular characteristics of photosynthesis, carbon-nitrogen metabolism, and plant hormone signal transduction to enhance drought resistance in industrial hemp.
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6
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Moreira D, Zivanovic Y, López-Archilla AI, Iniesto M, López-García P. Reductive evolution and unique predatory mode in the CPR bacterium Vampirococcus lugosii. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2454. [PMID: 33911080 PMCID: PMC8080830 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22762-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The Candidate Phyla Radiation (CPR) constitutes a large group of mostly uncultured bacterial lineages with small cell sizes and limited biosynthetic capabilities. They are thought to be symbionts of other organisms, but the nature of this symbiosis has been ascertained only for cultured Saccharibacteria, which are epibiotic parasites of other bacteria. Here, we study the biology and the genome of Vampirococcus lugosii, which becomes the first described species of Vampirococcus, a genus of epibiotic bacteria morphologically identified decades ago. Vampirococcus belongs to the CPR phylum Absconditabacteria. It feeds on anoxygenic photosynthetic gammaproteobacteria, fully absorbing their cytoplasmic content. The cells divide epibiotically, forming multicellular stalks whose apical cells can reach new hosts. The genome is small (1.3 Mbp) and highly reduced in biosynthetic metabolism genes, but is enriched in genes possibly related to a fibrous cell surface likely involved in interactions with the host. Gene loss has been continuous during the evolution of Absconditabacteria, and generally most CPR bacteria, but this has been compensated by gene acquisition by horizontal gene transfer and de novo evolution. Our findings support parasitism as a widespread lifestyle of CPR bacteria, which probably contribute to the control of bacterial populations in diverse ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Moreira
- Ecologie Systématique Evolution, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, Orsay, France.
| | - Yvan Zivanovic
- Institut de Biologie Intégrative de la Cellule, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | | | - Miguel Iniesto
- Ecologie Systématique Evolution, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, Orsay, France
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Ogawa T, Suzuki K, Sonoike K. Respiration Interacts With Photosynthesis Through the Acceptor Side of Photosystem I, Reflected in the Dark-to-Light Induction Kinetics of Chlorophyll Fluorescence in the Cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:717968. [PMID: 34394172 PMCID: PMC8355559 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.717968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
In cyanobacteria, the photosynthetic prokaryotes, direct interaction between photosynthesis and respiration exists at plastoquinone (PQ) pool, which is shared by the two electron transport chains. Another possible point of intersection of the two electron transport chains is NADPH, which is the major electron donor to the respiratory chain as well as the final product of the photosynthetic chain. Here, we showed that the redox state of NADPH in the dark affected chlorophyll fluorescence induction in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 in a quantitative manner. Accumulation of the reduced NADPH in the dark due to the defect in type 1 NAD(P)H dehydrogenase complex in the respiratory chain resulted in the faster rise to the peak in the dark-to-light induction of chlorophyll fluorescence, while depletion of NADPH due to the defect in pentose phosphate pathway resulted in the delayed appearance of the initial peak in the induction kinetics. There was a strong correlation between the dark level of NADPH determined by its fluorescence and the peak position of the induction kinetics of chlorophyll fluorescence. These results indicate that photosynthesis interacts with respiration through NADPH, which enable us to monitor the redox condition of the acceptor side of photosystem I by simple measurements of chlorophyll fluorescence induction in cyanobacteria.
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Tunable Properties of Nature-Inspired N, N'-Alkylated Riboflavin Semiconductors. Molecules 2020; 26:molecules26010027. [PMID: 33374613 PMCID: PMC7793104 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26010027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of novel soluble nature-inspired flavin derivatives substituted with short butyl and bulky ethyl-adamantyl alkyl groups was prepared via simple and straightforward synthetic approach with moderate to good yields. The comprehensive characterization of the materials, to assess their application potential, has demonstrated that the modification of the conjugated flavin core enables delicate tuning of the absorption and emission properties, optical bandgap, frontier molecular orbital energies, melting points, and thermal stability. Moreover, the thin films prepared thereof exhibit smooth and homogeneous morphology with generally high stability over time.
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Light-Independent Nitrogen Assimilation in Plant Leaves: Nitrate Incorporation into Glutamine, Glutamate, Aspartate, and Asparagine Traced by 15N. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9101303. [PMID: 33023108 PMCID: PMC7600499 DOI: 10.3390/plants9101303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Although the nitrate assimilation into amino acids in photosynthetic leaf tissues is active under the light, the studies during 1950s and 1970s in the dark nitrate assimilation provided fragmental and variable activities, and the mechanism of reductant supply to nitrate assimilation in darkness remained unclear. 15N tracing experiments unraveled the assimilatory mechanism of nitrogen from nitrate into amino acids in the light and in darkness by the reactions of nitrate and nitrite reductases, glutamine synthetase, glutamate synthase, aspartate aminotransferase, and asparagine synthetase. Nitrogen assimilation in illuminated leaves and non-photosynthetic roots occurs either in the redundant way or in the specific manner regarding the isoforms of nitrogen assimilatory enzymes in their cellular compartments. The electron supplying systems necessary to the enzymatic reactions share in part a similar electron donor system at the expense of carbohydrates in both leaves and roots, but also distinct reducing systems regarding the reactions of Fd-nitrite reductase and Fd-glutamate synthase in the photosynthetic and non-photosynthetic organs.
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Abstract
As the only enzyme currently known to reduce dinitrogen (N2) to ammonia (NH3), nitrogenase is of significant interest for bio-inspired catalyst design and for new biotechnologies aiming to produce NH3 from N2. In order to reduce N2, nitrogenase must also hydrolyze at least 16 equivalents of adenosine triphosphate (MgATP), representing the consumption of a significant quantity of energy available to biological systems. Here, we review natural and engineered electron transfer pathways to nitrogenase, including strategies to redirect or redistribute electron flow in vivo towards NH3 production. Further, we also review strategies to artificially reduce nitrogenase in vitro, where MgATP hydrolysis is necessary for turnover, in addition to strategies that are capable of bypassing the requirement of MgATP hydrolysis to achieve MgATP-independent N2 reduction.
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Fulgosi H, Vojta L. Tweaking Photosynthesis: FNR-TROL Interaction as Potential Target for Crop Fortification. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:318. [PMID: 32265967 PMCID: PMC7108012 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
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Morales ES, Parcerisa IL, Ceccarelli EA. A novel method for removing contaminant Hsp70 molecular chaperones from recombinant proteins. Protein Sci 2019; 28:800-807. [PMID: 30653276 DOI: 10.1002/pro.3574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The production of recombinant proteins in bacteria has increased significantly in recent years, becoming a common tool for both research and the industrial production of proteins. One of the requirements of this methodology is to obtain the desired protein without contaminants. However, this goal cannot always be readily achieved. Multiple strategies have been developed to improve the quality of the desired protein product. Nevertheless, contamination with molecular chaperones is one of the recalcitrant problems that still affects the quality of the obtained proteins. The ability of chaperones to bind to unfolded proteins or to regions where the polypeptide chain is exposed make the removal of the contamination during purification challenging to achieve. This work aimed to develop a strategy to remove contaminating DnaK, one of the homologous Hsp70 molecular chaperones found in Escherichia coli, from purified recombinant proteins. For this purpose, we developed a methodology that captures the DnaK from the contaminating proteins by co-incubation with a GST-cleanser protein that has free functional binding sites for the chaperone. The cleanser protein can then be easily removed together with the captured DnaK. Here, we demonstrated the utility of our system by decontaminating a Histidine-tagged recombinant protein in a batch process. The addition of the GST-cleanser protein in the presence of ATP-Mg eliminates the DnaK contamination substantially. Thus, our decontaminant strategy results versatile and straightforward and can be applied to proteins obtained with different expression and purifications systems as well as to small samples or large volume preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique S Morales
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR), CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, 2000, Argentina
| | - Ivana L Parcerisa
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR), CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, 2000, Argentina
| | - Eduardo A Ceccarelli
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR), CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, 2000, Argentina
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Zhang J, He L, Wu Y, Ma W, Chen H, Ye Z. Comparative proteomic analysis of Pogostemon cablin leaves after continuous cropping. Protein Expr Purif 2018; 152:13-22. [PMID: 30017744 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2018.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A proteomic approach was used to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying obstacles to the continuous cropping of Pogostemon cablin. We examined differences in protein abundance between control (CK) and continuously cropped (TR) P. cablin leaves at different time points (90, 150, and 210 days after culture). Comparative analysis by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) and mass spectrometry (MS) revealed 183 differentially expressed protein spots, of which 87 proteins or isoforms were identified using mass spectrometry. Among these differentially expressed proteins (DEPs), 50 proteins or isoforms showed increased abundance and 37 proteins or isoforms showed decreased abundance in the TR sample compared with the abundance in the CK sample. Bioinformatic tools were used to analyze the DEPs. These proteins were classified into 12 categories according to clusters of orthologous groups (COG) analysis, with the majority being involved in post-translational modification, protein turnover, and chaperones, followed by carbohydrate transport and metabolism, and finally, energy production and conversion. Protein-protein interactions revealed that 18 DEPs were involved in energy metabolism, 6 DEPs were involved in stress response, and 4 DEPs were involved in amino acid biosynthesis. Continuous cropping altered the expression of proteins related to energy metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, and amino acid metabolism in P. cablin leaves. Among these processes, the most affected was energy metabolism, which may be pivotal for resistance to continuous cropping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Protection, Development and Utilization of Tropical Crop Germplasm Resources of the Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Landscape, Material and Chemical Engineering College, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, PR China
| | - Liping He
- Key Laboratory of Protection, Development and Utilization of Tropical Crop Germplasm Resources of the Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Landscape, Material and Chemical Engineering College, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, PR China
| | - Yougen Wu
- Key Laboratory of Protection, Development and Utilization of Tropical Crop Germplasm Resources of the Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Landscape, Material and Chemical Engineering College, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, PR China.
| | - Wentin Ma
- Key Laboratory of Protection, Development and Utilization of Tropical Crop Germplasm Resources of the Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Landscape, Material and Chemical Engineering College, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, PR China
| | - He Chen
- Key Laboratory of Protection, Development and Utilization of Tropical Crop Germplasm Resources of the Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Landscape, Material and Chemical Engineering College, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, PR China
| | - Zhouchen Ye
- Key Laboratory of Protection, Development and Utilization of Tropical Crop Germplasm Resources of the Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Landscape, Material and Chemical Engineering College, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, PR China
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Strengthening NADPH Regeneration for Improving Photo-biocatalytic Ketones Asymmetric Reduction Reaction by Synechocystis Through Overexpression of FNR. Catal Letters 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-018-2367-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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15
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Martínez-Júlvez M, Goñi G, Pérez-Amigot D, Laplaza R, Ionescu IA, Petrocelli S, Tondo ML, Sancho J, Orellano EG, Medina M. Identification of Inhibitors Targeting Ferredoxin-NADP⁺ Reductase from the Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri Phytopathogenic Bacteria. Molecules 2017; 23:molecules23010029. [PMID: 29295539 PMCID: PMC5943930 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23010029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Ferredoxin-NADP(H) reductases (FNRs) deliver NADPH or low potential one-electron donors to redox-based metabolism in plastids and bacteria. Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (Xcc) is a Gram-negative bacterium responsible for citrus canker disease that affects commercial citrus crops worldwide. The Xcc fpr gene encodes a bacterial type FNR (XccFPR) that contributes to the bacterial response to oxidative stress conditions, usually found during plant colonization. Therefore, XccFPR is relevant for the pathogen survival and its inhibition might represent a strategy to treat citrus canker. Because of mechanistic and structural differences from plastidic FNRs, XccFPR is also a potential antibacterial target. We have optimized an activity-based high-throughput screening (HTS) assay that identifies XccFPR inhibitors. We selected 43 hits from a chemical library and narrowed them down to the four most promising inhibitors. The antimicrobial effect of these compounds was evaluated on Xcc cultures, finding one with antimicrobial properties. Based on the functional groups of this compound and their geometric arrangement, we identified another three XccFPR inhibitors. Inhibition mechanisms and constants were determined for these four XccFPR inhibitors. Their specificity was also evaluated by studying their effect on the plastidic Anabaena PCC 7119 FNR, finding differences that can become interesting tools to discover Xcc antimicrobials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Martínez-Júlvez
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, and Institute of Biocomputation and Physics of Complex Systems (BIFI-IQFR and CBsC-CSIC Joint Units), Universidad de Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna, 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Guillermina Goñi
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, and Institute of Biocomputation and Physics of Complex Systems (BIFI-IQFR and CBsC-CSIC Joint Units), Universidad de Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna, 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Daniel Pérez-Amigot
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, and Institute of Biocomputation and Physics of Complex Systems (BIFI-IQFR and CBsC-CSIC Joint Units), Universidad de Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna, 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Rubén Laplaza
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, and Institute of Biocomputation and Physics of Complex Systems (BIFI-IQFR and CBsC-CSIC Joint Units), Universidad de Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna, 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain.
- Departamento de Química Física, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Irina Alexandra Ionescu
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, and Institute of Biocomputation and Physics of Complex Systems (BIFI-IQFR and CBsC-CSIC Joint Units), Universidad de Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna, 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Silvana Petrocelli
- Molecular Biology Division, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR), CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario 2000, Argentina.
| | - María Laura Tondo
- Molecular Biology Division, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR), CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario 2000, Argentina.
| | - Javier Sancho
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, and Institute of Biocomputation and Physics of Complex Systems (BIFI-IQFR and CBsC-CSIC Joint Units), Universidad de Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna, 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Elena G Orellano
- Molecular Biology Division, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR), CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario 2000, Argentina.
| | - Milagros Medina
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, and Institute of Biocomputation and Physics of Complex Systems (BIFI-IQFR and CBsC-CSIC Joint Units), Universidad de Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna, 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain.
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16
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Mulo P, Medina M. Interaction and electron transfer between ferredoxin-NADP + oxidoreductase and its partners: structural, functional, and physiological implications. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2017; 134:265-280. [PMID: 28361449 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-017-0372-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Ferredoxin-NADP+ reductase (FNR) catalyzes the last step of linear electron transfer in photosynthetic light reactions. The FAD cofactor of FNR accepts two electrons from two independent reduced ferredoxin molecules (Fd) in two sequential steps, first producing neutral semiquinone and then the fully anionic reduced, or hydroquinone, form of the enzyme (FNRhq). FNRhq transfers then both electrons in a single hydride transfer step to NADP+. We are presenting the recent progress in studies focusing on Fd:FNR interaction and subsequent electron transfer processes as well as on interaction of FNR with NADP+/H followed by hydride transfer, both from the structural and functional point of views. We also present the current knowledge about the physiological role(s) of various FNR isoforms present in the chloroplasts of higher plants and the functional impact of subchloroplastic location of FNR. Moreover, open questions and current challenges about the structure, function, and physiology of FNR are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Mulo
- Molecular Plant Biology, University of Turku, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Milagros Medina
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, and Institute of Biocomputation and Physics of Complex Systems (Joint Units: BIFI-IQFR and GBsC-CSIC), University of Zaragoza, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain.
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17
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Shinohara F, Kurisu G, Hanke G, Bowsher C, Hase T, Kimata-Ariga Y. Structural basis for the isotype-specific interactions of ferredoxin and ferredoxin: NADP + oxidoreductase: an evolutionary switch between photosynthetic and heterotrophic assimilation. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2017; 134:281-289. [PMID: 28093652 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-016-0331-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
In higher plants, ferredoxin (Fd) and ferredoxin-NADP+ reductase (FNR) are each present as distinct isoproteins of photosynthetic type (leaf type) and non-photosynthetic type (root type). Root-type Fd and FNR are considered to facilitate the electron transfer from NADPH to Fd in the direction opposite to that occurring in the photosynthetic processes. We previously reported the crystal structure of the electron transfer complex between maize leaf FNR and Fd (leaf FNR:Fd complex), providing insights into the molecular interactions of the two proteins. Here we show the 2.49 Å crystal structure of the maize root FNR:Fd complex, which reveals that the orientation of FNR and Fd remarkably varies from that of the leaf FNR:Fd complex, giving a structural basis for reversing the redox path. Root FNR was previously shown to interact preferentially with root Fd over leaf Fd, while leaf FNR retains similar affinity for these two types of Fds. The structural basis for such differential interaction was investigated using site-directed mutagenesis of the isotype-specific amino acid residues on the interface of Fd and FNR, based on the crystal structures of the FNR:Fd complexes from maize leaves and roots. Kinetic and physical binding analyses of the resulting mutants lead to the conclusion that the rearrangement of the charged amino acid residues on the Fd-binding surface of FNR confers isotype-specific interaction with Fd, which brings about the evolutional switch between photosynthetic and heterotrophic redox cascades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumio Shinohara
- Division of Enzymology and Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Genji Kurisu
- Protein Crystallography, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Guy Hanke
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 3NU, UK
| | - Caroline Bowsher
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Toshiharu Hase
- Division of Enzymology and Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yoko Kimata-Ariga
- Division of Enzymology and Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
- Department of Biological Chemistry, College of Agriculture, Graduate School of Sciences and Technology for Innovation, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi, 753-8515, Japan.
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18
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Integrated physiological and proteomic analysis reveals underlying response and defense mechanisms of Brachypodium distachyon seedling leaves under osmotic stress, cadmium and their combined stresses. J Proteomics 2017; 170:1-13. [PMID: 28986270 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2017.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Revised: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Drought stress, a major abiotic stress, commonly occurs in metal-contaminated environments and affects crop growth and yield. In this study, we performed the first integrated phenotypic, physiological, and proteomic analysis of Brachypodium distachyon L. seedling leaves under polyethylene glycol (PEG) mock osmotic stress, cadmium (Cd2+), and their combined stresses. Combined osmotic and Cd2+ stress had more significant effects than each individual stress on seedling growth, and the physiological traits and ultrastructures of leaves. Totally 117 differentially accumulated protein (DAP) spots detected by two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE) were identified, and representing 89 unique proteins under individual and combined stresses. These DAPs were involved in photosynthesis/respiration (34%), energy and carbon metabolism (21%), stress/defense/detoxification (13%), protein folding and degradation (12%), and amino acid metabolism (7%). Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that DAPs from the Cd2+ and combined stresses grouped much closer than those from osmotic stress, indicating Cd2+ and combined stresses resulted in more changes to the leaf proteome than osmotic stress alone. Protein-protein interaction analyses showed that a 14-3-3 centered sub-network could play important roles in responses to abiotic stresses. An overview pathway of proteome metabolic changes in Bd21 seedling leaves under combined stresses is proposed, representing a synergistic responsive network and underlying response and defense mechanisms. SIGNIFICANCE Drought stress is one of the major abiotic stresses, which commonly occurs in metal-contaminated environments, and affects crop growth and yield performance. We performed the first integrated phenotypic, physiological and proteomic analysis of Brachypodium distachyon L. seedling leaves under drought (PEG), cadmium (Cd2+) and their combined stresses.
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19
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Balaban CL, Banchio C, Ceccarelli EA. TAT-mediated transduction of bacterial redox proteins generates a cytoprotective effect on neuronal cells. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0184617. [PMID: 28886198 PMCID: PMC5591030 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0184617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell penetrating peptides, also known as protein transduction domains, have the capacity to ubiquitously cross cellular membranes carrying many different cargos with negligible cytotoxicity. As a result, they have emerged as a powerful tool for macromolecular delivery-based therapies. In this study, catalytically active bacterial Ferredoxin-NADP+ reductase (LepFNR) and Heme oxygenase (LepHO) fused to the HIV TAT-derived protein transduction peptide (TAT) were efficiently transduced to neuroblastoma SHSY-5Y cells. Proteins entered the cells through an endocytic pathway showing a time/concentration dependent mechanism that was clearly modulated by the nature of the cargo protein. Since ferredoxin-NADP+ reductases and heme oxygenases have been implicated in mechanisms of oxidative stress defense, neuroblastoma cells simultaneously transduced with TAT-LepFNR and TAT-LepHO were challenged by H2O2 incubations to judge the cytoprotective power of these bacterial enzymes. Accumulation of reactive oxygen species was significantly reduced in these transduced neuronal cells. Moreover, measurements of metabolic viability, membrane integrity, and cell survival indicated that these cells showed a better tolerance to oxidative stress. Our results open the possibility for the application of transducible active redox proteins to overcome the damage elicited by oxidative stress in cells and tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia L. Balaban
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR), CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Ocampo y Esmeralda, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Claudia Banchio
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR), CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Ocampo y Esmeralda, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Eduardo A. Ceccarelli
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR), CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Ocampo y Esmeralda, Rosario, Argentina
- * E-mail:
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20
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Guo Y, Wang Z, Guan X, Hu Z, Zhang Z, Zheng J, Lu Y. Proteomic analysis of Potentilla fruticosa L. leaves by iTRAQ reveals responses to heat stress. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0182917. [PMID: 28829780 PMCID: PMC5568749 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0182917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
High temperature is an important environmental factor that affects plant growth and crop yield. Potentilla fruticosa L. has a developed root system and characteristics of resistance to several stresses (e.g., high temperature, cold, drought) that are shared by native shrubs in the north and west of China. To investigate thermotolerance mechanisms in P. fruticosa, 3-year-old plants were subjected to a high temperature of 42°C for 1, 2, and 3 days respectively before analysis. Then, we studied changes in cell ultrastructure using electron microscopy and investigated physiological changes in the leaves of P. fruticosa. Additionally, we used isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) coupled with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to study proteomic changes in P. fruticosa leaves after 3 d of 42°C heat stress. we found that the cell membrane and structure of chloroplasts, especially the thylakoids in P. fruticosa leaves, was destroyed by a high temperature stress, which might affect the photosynthesis in this species. We identified 35 up-regulated and 23 down-regulated proteins after the heat treatment. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis indicated that these 58 differentially abundant proteins were involved mainly in protein synthesis, protein folding and degradation, abiotic stress defense, photosynthesis, RNA process, signal transduction, and other functions. The 58 proteins fell into different categories based on their subcellular localization mainly in the chloroplast envelope, cytoplasm, nucleus, cytosol, chloroplast, mitochondrion and cell membrane. Five proteins were selected for analysis at the mRNA level; this analysis showed that gene transcription levels were not completely consistent with protein abundance. These results provide valuable information for Potentilla thermotolerance breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingtian Guo
- College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xuelian Guan
- College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Zenghui Hu
- College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Ze Zhang
- College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Zheng
- College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
- Beijing Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Environmental Improvement with Forestry and Fruit Trees, Beijing, China
| | - Yizeng Lu
- Shandong Forest Germplasm Resources Center, Jinan City, Shandong Province, China
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21
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Siritanaratkul B, Megarity CF, Roberts TG, Samuels TOM, Winkler M, Warner JH, Happe T, Armstrong FA. Transfer of photosynthetic NADP +/NADPH recycling activity to a porous metal oxide for highly specific, electrochemically-driven organic synthesis. Chem Sci 2017; 8:4579-4586. [PMID: 30155220 PMCID: PMC6100256 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc00850c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In a discovery of the transfer of chloroplast biosynthesis activity to an inorganic material, ferredoxin-NADP+ reductase (FNR), the pivotal redox flavoenzyme of photosynthetic CO2 assimilation, binds tightly within the pores of indium tin oxide (ITO) to produce an electrode for direct studies of the redox chemistry of the FAD active site, and fast, reversible and diffusion-controlled interconversion of NADP+ and NADPH in solution. The dynamic electrochemical properties of FNR and NADP(H) are thus revealed in a special way that enables facile coupling of selective, enzyme-catalysed organic synthesis to a controllable power source, as demonstrated by efficient synthesis of l-glutamate from 2-oxoglutarate and NH4+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavin Siritanaratkul
- Department of Chemistry , University of Oxford , South Parks Road , Oxford , OX1 3QR , UK .
| | - Clare F Megarity
- Department of Chemistry , University of Oxford , South Parks Road , Oxford , OX1 3QR , UK .
| | - Thomas G Roberts
- Department of Chemistry , University of Oxford , South Parks Road , Oxford , OX1 3QR , UK .
| | - Thomas O M Samuels
- Department of Materials , University of Oxford , Parks Road , Oxford OX1 3PH , UK
| | - Martin Winkler
- AG Photobiotechnologie Ruhr-Universität Bochum , 44801 Bochum , Germany
| | - Jamie H Warner
- Department of Materials , University of Oxford , Parks Road , Oxford OX1 3PH , UK
| | - Thomas Happe
- AG Photobiotechnologie Ruhr-Universität Bochum , 44801 Bochum , Germany
| | - Fraser A Armstrong
- Department of Chemistry , University of Oxford , South Parks Road , Oxford , OX1 3QR , UK .
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22
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Alcántara-Sánchez F, Leyva-Castillo LE, Chagolla-López A, González de la Vara L, Gómez-Lojero C. Distribution of isoforms of ferredoxin-NADP + reductase (FNR) in cyanobacteria in two growth conditions. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2017; 85:123-134. [PMID: 28189842 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2017.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Revised: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Ferredoxin-NADP+ reductase (FNR) transfers reducing equivalents between ferredoxin and NADP(H) in the photosynthetic electron transport chains of chloroplasts and cyanobacteria. In most cyanobacteria, FNR is coded by a single petH gene. The structure of FNR in photosynthetic organisms can be constituted by FAD-binding and NADPH-binding domains (FNR-2D), or by these and an additional N-terminal domain (FNR-3D). In this article, biochemical evidence is provided supporting the induction of FNR-2D by iron or combined nitrogen deficiency in the cyanobacteria Synechocystis PCC 6803 and Anabaena variabilis ATCC 29413. In cell extracts of these cyanobacteria, most of FNR was associated to phycobilisomes (PBS) or phycocyanin (PC), and the rest was found as free enzyme. Free FNR activity increased in both cyanobacteria under iron stress and during diazotrophic conditions in A. variabilis. Characterization of FNR from both cyanobacteria showed that the PBS-associated enzyme was FNR-3D and the free enzyme was mostly a FNR-2D isoform. Predominant isoforms in heterocysts of A. variabilis were FNR-2D; where its N-terminal sequence lacked an initial (formyl)methionine. This means that FNR-3D is targeted to thylakoid membrane, and anchored to PBS, and FNR-2D is found as a soluble protein in the cytoplasm, when iron or fixed nitrogen deficiencies prevail in the environment. Moreover, given that Synechocystis and Anabaena variabilis are dissimilar in genotype, phenotype and ecology, the presence of these two-domain proteins in these species suggests that the mechanism of FNR induction is common among cyanobacteria regardless of their habitat and morphotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Alcántara-Sánchez
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados-IPN, Apartado Postal 14-740, 07000 Cd de México, Mexico.
| | - Lourdes Elizabeth Leyva-Castillo
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados-IPN, Apartado Postal 14-740, 07000 Cd de México, Mexico.
| | | | | | - Carlos Gómez-Lojero
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados-IPN, Apartado Postal 14-740, 07000 Cd de México, Mexico.
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23
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Martínez JI, Frago S, Lans I, Alonso PJ, García-Rubio I, Medina M. Spin Densities in Flavin Analogs within a Flavoprotein. Biophys J 2017; 110:561-571. [PMID: 26840722 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2015.11.3525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Revised: 10/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Characterization by electron paramagnetic resonance techniques of several variants of Anabaena flavodoxin, where the naturally occurring FMN cofactor is substituted by different analogs, makes it possible to improve the details of the spin distribution map in the isoallosazine ring in its semiquinone state. The analyzed variants were selected to monitor the effects of intrinsic changes in the flavin ring electronic structure, as well as perturbations in the apoflavodoxin-flavin interaction, on the spin populations. When these effects were analyzed together with the functional properties of the different flavodoxin variants, a relationship between spin population and biochemical parameters, as the reduction potential, could be envisaged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Ignacio Martínez
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragón, Universidad de Zaragoza, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Susana Frago
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain; Instituto de Biocomputación y Física de Sistemas Complejos, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain; Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Isaías Lans
- Grupo de Bioquímica Teórica, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | - Pablo Javier Alonso
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragón, Universidad de Zaragoza, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Inés García-Rubio
- Centro Universitario de la Defensa, Zaragoza, Spain; Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Milagros Medina
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain; Instituto de Biocomputación y Física de Sistemas Complejos, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
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24
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Jokipii-Lukkari S, Kastaniotis AJ, Parkash V, Sundström R, Leiva-Eriksson N, Nymalm Y, Blokhina O, Kukkola E, Fagerstedt KV, Salminen TA, Läärä E, Bülow L, Ohlmeier S, Hiltunen JK, Kallio PT, Häggman H. Dual targeted poplar ferredoxin NADP(+) oxidoreductase interacts with hemoglobin 1. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2016; 247:138-149. [PMID: 27095407 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2016.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Revised: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Previous reports have connected non-symbiotic and truncated hemoglobins (Hbs) to metabolism of nitric oxide (NO), an important signalling molecule involved in wood formation. We have studied the capability of poplar (Populus tremula × tremuloides) Hbs PttHb1 and PttTrHb proteins alone or with a flavin-protein reductase to relieve NO cytotoxicity in living cells. Complementation tests in a Hb-deficient, NO-sensitive yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) Δyhb1 mutant showed that neither PttHb1 nor PttTrHb alone protected cells against NO. To study the ability of Hbs to interact with a reductase, ferredoxin NADP(+) oxidoreductase PtthFNR was characterized by sequencing and proteomics. To date, by far the greatest number of the known dual-targeted plant proteins are directed to chloroplasts and mitochondria. We discovered a novel variant of hFNR that lacks the plastid presequence and resides in cytosol. The coexpression of PttHb1 and PtthFNR partially restored NO resistance of the yeast Δyhb1 mutant, whereas PttTrHb coexpressed with PtthFNR failed to rescue growth. YFP fusion proteins confirmed the interaction between PttHb1 and PtthFNR in plant cells. The structural modelling results indicate that PttHb1 and PtthFNR are able to interact as NO dioxygenase. This is the first report on dual targeting of central plant enzyme FNR to plastids and cytosol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soile Jokipii-Lukkari
- Genetics and Physiology Department, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 3000, FI-90014, Finland
| | - Alexander J Kastaniotis
- The Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5400, FI-90014, Finland
| | - Vimal Parkash
- The Structural Bioinformatics Laboratory, Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Robin Sundström
- The Structural Bioinformatics Laboratory, Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Nélida Leiva-Eriksson
- The Pure and Applied Biochemistry, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Yvonne Nymalm
- The Structural Bioinformatics Laboratory, Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Olga Blokhina
- The Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Viikki Biocenter 3, P.O. Box 65, FI-00014, Finland
| | - Eija Kukkola
- The Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Viikki Biocenter 3, P.O. Box 65, FI-00014, Finland
| | - Kurt V Fagerstedt
- The Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Viikki Biocenter 3, P.O. Box 65, FI-00014, Finland
| | - Tiina A Salminen
- The Structural Bioinformatics Laboratory, Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Esa Läärä
- The Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 3000, FI-90014, Finland
| | - Leif Bülow
- The Pure and Applied Biochemistry, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Steffen Ohlmeier
- The Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5400, FI-90014, Finland
| | - J Kalervo Hiltunen
- The Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5400, FI-90014, Finland
| | - Pauli T Kallio
- The Institute of Microbiology, ETH-Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Hely Häggman
- Genetics and Physiology Department, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 3000, FI-90014, Finland.
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Xiong Y, Peng X, Cheng Z, Liu W, Wang GL. A comprehensive catalog of the lysine-acetylation targets in rice (Oryza sativa) based on proteomic analyses. J Proteomics 2016; 138:20-9. [PMID: 26836501 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2016.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2015] [Revised: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Lysine acetylation is a dynamic and reversible post-translational modification that plays an important role in the gene transcription regulation. Here, we report high quality proteome-scale data for lysine-acetylation (Kac) sites and Kac proteins in rice (Oryza sativa). A total of 1337 Kac sites in 716 Kac proteins with diverse biological functions and subcellular localizations were identified in rice seedlings. About 42% of the sites were predicted to be localized in the chloroplast. Seven putative acetylation motifs were detected. Phenylalanine, located in both the upstream and downstream of the Kac sites, is the most conserved amino acid surrounding the regions. In addition, protein interaction network analysis revealed that a variety of signaling pathways are modulated by protein acetylation. KEGG pathway category enrichment analysis indicated that glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism, carbon metabolism, and photosynthesis pathways are significantly enriched. Our results provide an in-depth understanding of the acetylome in rice seedlings, and the method described here will facilitate the systematic study of how Kac functions in growth, development, and abiotic and biotic stress responses in rice and other plants. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE Rice is one of the most important crops consumption and is a model monocot for research. In this study, we combined a highly sensitive immune-affinity purification method (used pan anti-acetyl-lysine antibody conjugated agarose for immunoaffinity acetylated peptide enrichment) with high-resolution LC-MS/MS. In total, we identified 1337 Kac sites on 716 Kac proteins in rice cells. Bioinformatic analysis of the acetylome revealed that the acetylated proteins are involved in a variety of cellular functions and have diverse subcellular localizations. We also identified seven putative acetylation motifs in the acetylated proteins of rice. In addition, protein interaction network analysis revealed that a variety of signaling pathways were modulated by protein acetylation. KEGG pathway category enrichment analysis indicated that glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism, carbon metabolism, and photosynthesis pathways were significantly enriched. To our knowledge, the number of Kac sites we identified was 23-times greater and the number of Kac proteins was 16-times greater than in a previous report. Our results provide an in-depth understanding of the acetylome in rice seedlings, and the method described here will facilitate the systematic study of how Kac functions in growth, development and responses to abiotic and biotic stresses in rice or other plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yehui Xiong
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaojun Peng
- Jingjie PTM BioLab (Hangzhou) Co. Ltd., Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Zhongyi Cheng
- Jingjie PTM BioLab (Hangzhou) Co. Ltd., Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Wende Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Guo-Liang Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; Department of Plant Pathology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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Fan L, Wu X, Tian Z, Jia K, Pan Y, Li J, Gao H. Comparative proteomic analysis of gamma-aminobutyric acid responses in hypoxia-treated and untreated melon roots. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2015; 116:28-37. [PMID: 25840728 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2015.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2014] [Revised: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia is one of the main environmental stresses that accounts for decreasing crop yield. To further investigate the mechanisms whereby exogenous GABA alleviates hypoxia injury to melon seedlings, a comparative proteomic analysis was performed using roots subjected to normal aeration and hypoxia conditions with or without GABA (5mM). The results indicated that protein spots on gels after hypoxia and hypoxia+GABA treatment were significantly changed. Three "matched sets" were analyzed from four treatments, and 13 protein spots with large significant differences in expression were identified by MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry. Exogenous GABA treatment enhanced the expression of protein in cytosolic phosphoglycerate kinase 1, exaA2 gene product, dnaJ and myb-like DNA-binding domain-containing proteins, as well as elongation factor-1 alpha and hypothetical proteins in hypoxia-induced roots. However, the hypoxia+GABA treated roots had a significantly lower expression of proteins including malate dehydrogenase, nucleoside diphosphate kinase, disease resistance-like protein, disulfide isomerase, actin, ferrodoxin NADP oxidoreductase, glutathione transferase, netting associated peroxidase. This paper describes the effect of GABA on melon plants under hypoxia-induced stress using proteomics, and supports the alleviating function of GABA in melon plants grown under hypoxic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longquan Fan
- College of Horticulture, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding 071001, China; The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement/Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 100081 Beijing, China.
| | - Xiaolei Wu
- College of Horticulture, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding 071001, China.
| | - Zhen Tian
- College of Horticulture, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding 071001, China.
| | - Kaizhi Jia
- Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China.
| | - Yinghong Pan
- The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement/Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 100081 Beijing, China.
| | - Jingrui Li
- College of Horticulture, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding 071001, China.
| | - Hongbo Gao
- College of Horticulture, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding 071001, China.
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Spaans SK, Weusthuis RA, van der Oost J, Kengen SWM. NADPH-generating systems in bacteria and archaea. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:742. [PMID: 26284036 PMCID: PMC4518329 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) is an essential electron donor in all organisms. It provides the reducing power that drives numerous anabolic reactions, including those responsible for the biosynthesis of all major cell components and many products in biotechnology. The efficient synthesis of many of these products, however, is limited by the rate of NADPH regeneration. Hence, a thorough understanding of the reactions involved in the generation of NADPH is required to increase its turnover through rational strain improvement. Traditionally, the main engineering targets for increasing NADPH availability have included the dehydrogenase reactions of the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway and the isocitrate dehydrogenase step of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. However, the importance of alternative NADPH-generating reactions has recently become evident. In the current review, the major canonical and non-canonical reactions involved in the production and regeneration of NADPH in prokaryotes are described, and their key enzymes are discussed. In addition, an overview of how different enzymes have been applied to increase NADPH availability and thereby enhance productivity is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ruud A. Weusthuis
- Bioprocess Engineering, Wageningen UniversityWageningen, Netherlands
| | - John van der Oost
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen UniversityWageningen, Netherlands
| | - Servé W. M. Kengen
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen UniversityWageningen, Netherlands
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Yoneyama T, Fujimori T, Yanagisawa S, Hase T, Suzuki A. 15N Tracing Studies on In Vitro Reactions of Ferredoxin-Dependent Nitrite Reductase and Glutamate Synthase Using Reconstituted Electron Donation Systems. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 56:1154-1161. [PMID: 25745028 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcv039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
It is known that plants contain ferredoxin (Fd)-dependent nitrite reductase (NiR) and glutamate synthase (GOGAT). The Fd-NiR reaction produces ammonia from nitrite, and the activity is usually measured by nitrite disappearance. The Fd-GOGAT reaction forms two glutamates of different origin, from glutamine and 2-oxoglutarate, and the activity is measured by the oxidation of reductant (NADPH) or by formation of total glutamate. Here, a quantitative probe of the products and efficiency of the process was conducted using (15)N tracing techniques on these reactions in vitro. We quantified the reduction of (15)N-labeled [Formula: see text] to [Formula: see text] and the formation of [(15)N]glutamate and [(14)N]glutamate from [5-(15)N-amide]glutamine plus 2-oxoglutarate by NiR and GOGAT, respectively, with the reductant-Fd-NADP(+) oxidoreductase (FNR)-Fd system as the sequential electron donors. The supply of dithionite or NADPH to recombinant cyanobacterial NiR led to electron donation system-dependent formation of [(15)N]ammonium from [(15)N]nitrite. Addition of 20 mM NaCl and 20 mM Na-ascorbate accelerated nitrite reduction under high concentrations of NADPH. A sufficient supply of NADPH to recombinant Zea mays Fd-GOGAT generated complete GOGAT activity (transferring the [5-(15)N]amide of glutamine to 2-oxoglutarate to form [(15)N]glutamate), whereas a shortage of NADPH resulted in glutaminase activity only, which removed the amide from glutamine and released ammonia and [(14)N]glutamate. We conclude that although the recombinant Fd-GOGAT enzyme has two forms of glutamate synthesis, the first by glutaminase (ammonia release by glutamine amidotransferase) and the second by glutamate synthase (coupling of the ammonia and exogenously applied 2-oxoglutarate), the first works without NADPH, while the second is strictly dependent on NADPH availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadakatsu Yoneyama
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, the University of Tokyo, Yayoi 1-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657 Japan
| | - Tamaki Fujimori
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, the University of Tokyo, Yayoi 1-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657 Japan
| | - Shuichi Yanagisawa
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, the University of Tokyo, Yayoi 1-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657 Japan
| | - Toshiharu Hase
- Laboratory of Regulation of Biological Reaction, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871 Japan
| | - Akira Suzuki
- INRA, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, UMR1318, ERL CNRS 3559, Saclay Plant Sciences, RD10, F-78026 Versailles, France
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29
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Valle L, Abatedaga I, Vieyra FEM, Bortolotti A, Cortez N, Borsarelli CD. Enhancement of photophysical and photosensitizing properties of flavin adenine dinucleotide by mutagenesis of the C-terminal extension of a bacterial flavodoxin reductase. Chemphyschem 2015; 16:872-83. [PMID: 25641205 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201402774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The role of the mobile C-terminal extension present in Rhodobacter capsulatus ferredoxin-NADP(H) reductase (RcFPR) was evaluated using steady-state and dynamic spectroscopies for both intrinsic Trp and FAD in a series of mutants in the absence of NADP(H). Deletion of the six C-terminal amino acids beyond Ala266 was combined with the replacement A266Y to emulate the structure of plastidic reductases. Our results show that these modifications of the wild-type RcFPR produce subtle global conformational changes, but strongly reduce the local rigidity of the FAD-binding pocket, exposing the isoalloxazine ring to the solvent. Thus, the ultrafast charge-transfer quenching of (1) FAD* by the conserved Tyr66 residue was absent in the mutant series, producing enhancement of the excited singlet- and triplet-state properties of FAD. This work highlights the delicate balance of the specific interactions between FAD and the surrounding amino acids, and how the functionality and/or photostability of redox flavoproteins can be modified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Valle
- Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia de Santiago del Estero (CITSE-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Santiago del Estero, RN9 Km 1125. 4206, Santiago del Estero (Argentina)
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30
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Gao J, Chen Z, Luo M, Peng H, Lin H, Qin C, Yuan G, Shen Y, Ding H, Zhao M, Pan G, Zhang Z. Genome expression profile analysis of the maize sheath in response to inoculation to R. solani. Mol Biol Rep 2014; 41:2471-83. [PMID: 24420865 PMCID: PMC3968446 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-014-3103-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2012] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Currently, the molecular regulation mechanisms of disease-resistant involved in maize leaf sheaths infected by banded leaf and sheath blight (BLSB) are poorly known. To gain insight into the transcriptome dynamics that are associated with their disease-resistant, genome-wide gene expression profiling was conducted by Solexa sequencing. More than four million tags were generated from sheath tissues without any leaf or development leaf, including 193,222 and 204,824 clean tags in the two libraries, respectively. Of these, 82,864 (55.4 %) and 91,678 (51.5 %) tags were matched to the reference genes. The most differentially expressed tags with log2 ratio >2 or <-2 (P < 0.001) were further analyzed, representing 1,476 up-regulated and 1,754 down-regulated genes, except for unknown transcripts, which were classified into 11 functional categories. The most enriched categories were those of metabolism, signal transduction and cellular transport. Next, the expression patterns of 12 genes were assessed by quantitative real-time PCR, and it is showed the results were general agreement with the Solexa analysis, although the degree of change was lower in amplitude. In conclusion, we first reveal the complex changes in the transcriptome during the early development of maize sheath infected by BLSB and provide a comprehensive set of data that are essential for understanding its molecular regulation mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Gao
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Maize Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130 Sichuan China
| | - Zhe Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Maize Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130 Sichuan China
| | - Mao Luo
- Drug Discovery Research Center of Luzhou Medical College, Luzhou, 646000 Sichuan China
| | - Hua Peng
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Maize Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130 Sichuan China
| | - Haijian Lin
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Maize Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130 Sichuan China
| | - Cheng Qin
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Maize Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130 Sichuan China
| | - Guangsheng Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Maize Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130 Sichuan China
| | - Yaou Shen
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Maize Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130 Sichuan China
| | - Haiping Ding
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Maize Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130 Sichuan China
| | - Maojun Zhao
- Life Science College of Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, 625014 Sichuan China
| | - Guangtang Pan
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Maize Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130 Sichuan China
| | - Zhiming Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Maize Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130 Sichuan China
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Martínez JI, Alonso PJ, García-Rubio I, Medina M. Methyl rotors in flavoproteins. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:26203-12. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp03115f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
ENDOR evidence shows that methyl groups in flavin behave as quantum locked rotors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús I. Martínez
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragón
- Universidad de Zaragoza-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas
- Facultad de Ciencias
- 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Pablo J. Alonso
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragón
- Universidad de Zaragoza-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas
- Facultad de Ciencias
- 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Inés García-Rubio
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry
- ETH Zurich
- 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Centro Universitario de la Defensa
- 50090 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Milagros Medina
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular and Instituto de Biocomputación y Física de Sistemas Complejos (BIFI)
- Universidad de Zaragoza
- 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
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External loops at the ferredoxin-NADP(+) reductase protein-partner binding cavity contribute to substrates allocation. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2013; 1837:296-305. [PMID: 24321506 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2013.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2013] [Revised: 11/20/2013] [Accepted: 11/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Ferredoxin-NADP(+) reductase (FNR) is the structural prototype of a family of FAD-containing reductases that catalyze electron transfer between low potential proteins and NAD(P)(+)/H, and that display a two-domain arrangement with an open cavity at their interface. The inner part of this cavity accommodates the reacting atoms during catalysis. Loops at its edge are highly conserved among plastidic FNRs, suggesting that they might contribute to both flavin stabilization and competent disposition of substrates. Here we pay attention to two of these loops in Anabaena FNR. The first is a sheet-loop-sheet motif, loop102-114, that allocates the FAD adenosine. It was thought to determine the extended FAD conformation, and, indirectly, to modulate isoalloxazine electronic properties, partners binding, catalytic efficiency and even coenzyme specificity. The second, loop261-269, contains key residues for the allocation of partners and coenzyme, including two glutamates, Glu267 and Glu268, proposed as candidates to facilitate the key displacement of the C-terminal tyrosine (Tyr303) from its stacking against the isoalloxazine ring during the catalytic cycle. Our data indicate that the main function of loop102-114 is to provide the inter-domain cavity with flexibility to accommodate protein partners and to guide the coenzyme to the catalytic site, while the extended conformation of FAD must be induced by other protein determinants. Glu267 and Glu268 appear to assist the conformational changes that occur in the loop261-269 during productive coenzyme binding, but their contribution to Tyr303 displacement is minor than expected. Additionally, loop261-269 appears a determinant to ensure reversibility in photosynthetic FNRs.
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Yan Z, Nam YW, Fushinobu S, Wakagi T. Sulfolobus tokodaii ST2133 is characterized as a thioredoxin reductase-like ferredoxin:NADP+ oxidoreductase. Extremophiles 2013; 18:99-110. [DOI: 10.1007/s00792-013-0601-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2013] [Accepted: 11/14/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Bortolotti A, Sánchez-Azqueta A, Maya CM, Velázquez-Campoy A, Hermoso JA, Medina M, Cortez N. The C-terminal extension of bacterial flavodoxin-reductases: involvement in the hydride transfer mechanism from the coenzyme. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2013; 1837:33-43. [PMID: 24016470 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2013.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2013] [Revised: 08/26/2013] [Accepted: 08/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
To study the role of the mobile C-terminal extension present in bacterial class of plant type NADP(H):ferredoxin reductases during catalysis, we generated a series of mutants of the Rhodobacter capsulatus enzyme (RcFPR). Deletion of the six C-terminal amino acids beyond alanine 266 was combined with the replacement A266Y, emulating the structure present in plastidic versions of this flavoenzyme. Analysis of absorbance and fluorescence spectra suggests that deletion does not modify the general geometry of FAD itself, but increases exposure of the flavin to the solvent, prevents a productive geometry of FAD:NADP(H) complex and decreases the protein thermal stability. Although the replacement A266Y partially coats the isoalloxazine from solvent and slightly restores protein stability, this single change does not allow formation of active charge-transfer complexes commonly present in the wild-type FPR, probably due to restraints of C-terminus pliability. A proton exchange process is deduced from ITC measurements during coenzyme binding. All studied RcFPR variants display higher affinity for NADP(+) than wild-type, evidencing the contribution of the C-terminus in tempering a non-productive strong (rigid) interaction with the coenzyme. The decreased catalytic rate parameters confirm that the hydride transfer from NADPH to the flavin ring is considerably hampered in the mutants. Although the involvement of the C-terminal extension from bacterial FPRs in stabilizing overall folding and bent-FAD geometry has been stated, the most relevant contributions to catalysis are modulation of coenzyme entrance and affinity, promotion of the optimal geometry of an active complex and supply of a proton acceptor acting during coenzyme binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Bortolotti
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario, Universidad Nacional de Rosario & CONICET, Rosario, Argentina
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The anti-cancer property of proteins extracted from Gynura procumbens (Lour.) Merr. PLoS One 2013; 8:e68524. [PMID: 23874655 PMCID: PMC3708952 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0068524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2013] [Accepted: 05/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Gynura procumbens (Lour.) Merr. belongs to the Asteraceae Family. The plant is a well-known traditional herb in South East Asia and it is widely used to treat inflammation, kidney discomfort, high cholesterol level, diabetic, cancer and high blood pressure. Our earlier study showed the presence of valuable plant defense proteins, such as peroxidase, thaumatin-like proteins and miraculin in the leaf of G. procumbens. However, the effects of these defense proteins on cancers have never been determined previously. In the present study, we investigated the bioactivity of gel filtration fractionated proteins of G. procumbens leaf extract. The active protein fraction, SN-F11/12, was found to inhibit the growth of a breast cancer cell line, MDA-MB-231, at an EC50 value of 3.8 µg/mL. The mRNA expressions of proliferation markers, Ki67 and PCNA, were reduced significantly in the MDA-MB-23 cells treated with SN-F11/12. The expression of invasion marker, CCL2, was also found reduced in the treated MDA-MB-231 cells. All these findings highlight the anti-cancer property of SN-F11/12, therefore, the proteins in this fraction can be a potential chemotherapeutic agent for breast cancer treatment.
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Shirao M, Kuroki S, Kaneko K, Kinjo Y, Tsuyama M, Förster B, Takahashi S, Badger MR. Gymnosperms have increased capacity for electron leakage to oxygen (Mehler and PTOX reactions) in photosynthesis compared with angiosperms. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2013; 54:1152-63. [PMID: 23624674 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pct066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Oxygen plays an important role in photosynthesis by participating in a number of O2-consuming reactions. O2 inhibits CO2 fixation by stimulating photorespiration, thus reducing plant production. O2 interacts with photosynthetic electron transport in the chloroplasts' thylakoids in two main ways: by accepting electrons from PSI (Mehler reaction); and by accepting electrons from reduced plastoquinone (PQ) mediated by the plastid terminal oxidase (PTOX). In this study, we show, using 101 plant species, that there is a difference in the potential for photosynthetic electron flow to O2 between angiosperms and gymnosperms. We found, from measurements of Chl fluorescence and leaf absorbance at 830 nm, (i) that electron outflow from PSII, as determined by decay kinetics of Chl fluorescence after application of a saturating light pulse, is more rapid in gymnosperms than in angiosperms; (ii) that the reaction center Chl of PSI (P700) is rapidly and highly oxidized in gymnosperms during induction of photosynthesis; and (iii) that these differences are dependent on oxygen. Finally, rates of O2 uptake measured by mass spectrometry in the absence of photorespiration were significantly promoted by illumination in dark-adapted leaves of gymnosperms, but not in those of angiosperms. The light-stimulated O2 uptake was around 10% of the maximum O2 evolution in gymnosperms and 1% in angiosperms. These results suggest that gymnosperms have increased capacity for electron leakage to oxygen in photosynthesis compared with angiosperms. The involvement of the Mehler reaction and PTOX in the electron flow to O2 is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayoshi Shirao
- Department of Agriculture, Forest and Forest Products Sciences, Plant Metabolic Physiology, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8581 Japan
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Szczepaniak K, Worch R, Grzyb J. Ferredoxin:NADP+ oxidoreductase in junction with CdSe/ZnS quantum dots: characteristics of an enzymatically active nanohybrid. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2013; 25:194102. [PMID: 23611948 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/25/19/194102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Ferredoxin:NADP(+) oxidoreductase (FNR) is a plant and cyanobacterial photosynthetic enzyme, also found in non-photosynthetic tissues, where it is involved in redox reactions of biosynthetic pathways. In vivo it transfers electrons to nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP(+)), forming its reduced version, NADPH, while in vitro it can also use NADPH to reduce several substrates, such as ferricyanide, various quinones and nitriles. As an oxidoreductase catalyzing reaction of a broad range of substrates, FNR may be used in biotechnological processes. Quantum dots are semiconductor nanocrystals of a few to several nanometers diameter, having very useful luminescent properties. We present the spectroscopic and functional characteristics of a covalent conjugation of FNR and CdSe/ZnS quantum dots. Two types of quantum dots, of different diameter and emission maximum (550 and 650 nm), were used for comparison. Steady-state fluorescence and gel electrophoresis confirmed efficient conjugation, while fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) allowed for determination of the conjugates' radii. The nanohybrids sustained enzymatic activity; however, changes in maximal reaction rates and Michaelis constant were found. Detailed analysis of the kinetic parameters showed that the changes in the enzyme activity depend on the substrate used for activity measurement but also on the size of the quantum dots. The presented nanohybrids, as the first example using plant and photosynthetic enzyme as a protein partner, may became a tool to study photosynthesis as well as other biosynthetic and biotechnological processes, involving enzymatically catalyzed electron transfer.
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Barilli E, Rubiales D, Castillejo MÁ. Comparative proteomic analysis of BTH and BABA-induced resistance in pea (Pisum sativum) toward infection with pea rust (Uromyces pisi). J Proteomics 2012; 75:5189-205. [PMID: 22800640 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2012.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2012] [Revised: 05/18/2012] [Accepted: 06/04/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Systemic acquired resistance (SAR) to Uromyces pisi in pea was studied by using a proteomic approach. Two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) was used in order to compare the leaf proteome of two pea genotypes displaying different phenotypes (susceptible and partial resistance to the fungus), and in response to parasite infection under the effect of two inducers of SAR, BTH and BABA. Multivariate statistical analysis identified 126 differential protein spots under the experimental conditions (genotypes/treatments). All of these 126 protein spots were subjected to MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry to deduce their possible functions. A total of 50 proteins were identified using a combination of peptide mass fingerprinting (PMF) and MSMS fragmentation. Most of the identified proteins corresponded to enzymes belonging to photosynthesis, metabolism, biosynthesis, binding and defense response, whose behavior pattern was different in relation to susceptibility/resistance of the genotypes studied and to the BTH/BABA induction to pathogen response. Results obtained in this work suggested that plants could reduce their photosynthesis and other energy metabolism and enhance the production of defense-related proteins to cope the stress. On the other side, we postulated that resistance induced by the chemicals operates via different mechanisms: BABA inducer could act via phenolic biosynthesis pathway, whereas resistance provided by BTH inducer seems to be mediated by defense and stress-related proteins. The results are discussed in terms of response to rust under the effect of inducers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Barilli
- Institute for Sustainable Agriculture, CSIC, 4084, E-14080 Córdoba, Spain
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Leterrier M, Barroso JB, Valderrama R, Palma JM, Corpas FJ. NADP-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase from Arabidopsis roots contributes in the mechanism of defence against the nitro-oxidative stress induced by salinity. ScientificWorldJournal 2012; 2012:694740. [PMID: 22649311 PMCID: PMC3354597 DOI: 10.1100/2012/694740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2011] [Accepted: 12/14/2011] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
NADPH regeneration appears to be essential in the mechanism of plant defence against oxidative stress. Plants contain several NADPH-generating dehydrogenases including isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP-ICDH), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH), 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGDH), and malic enzyme (ME). In Arabidopsis seedlings grown under salinity conditions (100 mM NaCl) the analysis of physiological parameters, antioxidant enzymes (catalase and superoxide dismutase) and content of superoxide radical (O2 ∙−), nitric oxide (NO), and peroxynitrite (ONOO−) indicates a process of nitro-oxidative stress induced by NaCl. Among the analysed NADPH-generating dehydrogenases under salinity conditions, the NADP-ICDH showed the maximum activity mainly attributable to the root NADP-ICDH. Thus, these data provide new insights on the relevance of the NADP-ICDH which could be considered as a second barrier in the mechanism of response against the nitro-oxidative stress generated by salinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Leterrier
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Celular y Molecular de Plantas, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, Apartado 419, 18080 Granada, Spain
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Structural-functional characterization and physiological significance of ferredoxin-NADP reductase from Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri. PLoS One 2011; 6:e27124. [PMID: 22096528 PMCID: PMC3212534 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0027124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2011] [Accepted: 10/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri is a phytopathogen bacterium that causes severe citrus canker disease. Similar to other phytopathogens, after infection by this bacterium, plants trigger a defense mechanism that produces reactive oxygen species. Ferredoxin-NADP+ reductases (FNRs) are redox flavoenzymes that participate in several metabolic functions, including the response to reactive oxygen species. Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri has a gene (fpr) that encodes for a FNR (Xac-FNR) that belongs to the subclass I bacterial FNRs. The aim of this work was to search for the physiological role of this enzyme and to characterize its structural and functional properties. The functionality of Xac-FNR was tested by cross-complementation of a FNR knockout Escherichia coli strain, which exhibit high susceptibility to agents that produce an abnormal accumulation of •O2-. Xac-FNR was able to substitute for the FNR in E. coli in its antioxidant role. The expression of fpr in X. axonopodis pv. citri was assessed using semiquantitative RT-PCR and Western blot analysis. A 2.2-fold induction was observed in the presence of the superoxide-generating agents methyl viologen and 2,3-dimethoxy-1,4-naphthoquinone. Structural and functional studies showed that Xac-FNR displayed different functional features from other subclass I bacterial FNRs. Our analyses suggest that these differences may be due to the unusual carboxy-terminal region. We propose a further classification of subclass I bacterial FNRs, which is useful to determine the nature of their ferredoxin redox partners. Using sequence analysis, we identified a ferredoxin (XAC1762) as a potential substrate of Xac-FNR. The purified ferredoxin protein displayed the typical broad UV-visible spectrum of [4Fe-4S] clusters and was able to function as substrate of Xac-FNR in the cytochrome c reductase activity. Our results suggest that Xac-FNR is involved in the oxidative stress response of Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri and performs its biological function most likely through the interaction with ferredoxin XAC1762.
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Higuchi-Takeuchi M, Ichikawa T, Kondou Y, Matsui K, Hasegawa Y, Kawashima M, Sonoike K, Mori M, Hirochika H, Matsui M. Functional analysis of two isoforms of leaf-type ferredoxin-NADP(+)-oxidoreductase in rice using the heterologous expression system of Arabidopsis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2011; 157:96-108. [PMID: 21734114 PMCID: PMC3165901 DOI: 10.1104/pp.111.181248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Ferredoxin-NADP(+)-oxidoreductase (FNR) mediates electron transfer between ferredoxin (Fd) and NADP(+); therefore, it is a key enzyme that provides the reducing power used in the Calvin cycle. Other than FNR, nitrite reductase, sulfite reductase, glutamate synthase, and Fd-thioredoxin reductase also accept electrons from Fd, an electron carrier protein in the stroma. Therefore, the regulation of electron partitioning in the chloroplast is important for photosynthesis and other metabolic pathways. The regulatory mechanism of electron partitioning, however, remains to be elucidated. We found, by taking advantage of a gain-of-function approach, that expression of two rice (Oryza sativa) full-length cDNAs of leaf-type FNRs (OsLFNR1 and OsLFNR2) led to altered chlorophyll fluorescence and growth in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) and rice. We revealed that overexpression of the OsLFNR1 and OsLFNR2 full-length cDNAs resulted in distinct phenotypes despite the high sequence similarity between them. Expression of OsLFNR1 affected the nitrogen assimilation pathway without inhibition of photosynthesis under normal conditions. On the other hand, OsLFNR2 expression led to the impairment of photosynthetic linear electron transport as well as Fd-dependent cyclic electron flow around photosystem I. The endogenous protein level of OsLFNR was found to be suppressed in both OsLFNR1- and OsLFNR2-overexpressing rice plants, leading to changes in the stoichiometry of the two LFNR isoforms within the thylakoid and soluble fractions. Thus, we propose that the stoichiometry of two LFNR isoforms plays an important role in electron partitioning between carbon fixation and nitrogen assimilation.
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Bowsher CG, Eyres LM, Gummadova JO, Hothi P, McLean KJ, Munro AW, Scrutton NS, Hanke GT, Sakakibara Y, Hase T. Identification of N-terminal regions of wheat leaf ferredoxin NADP+ oxidoreductase important for interactions with ferredoxin. Biochemistry 2011; 50:1778-87. [PMID: 21265508 DOI: 10.1021/bi1014562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Wheat leaves contain two isoproteins of the photosynthetic ferredoxin:NADP(+) reductase (pFNRI and pFNRII). Truncated forms of both enzymes have been detected in vivo, but only pFNRII displays N-terminal length-dependent changes in activity. To investigate the impact of N-terminal truncation on interaction with ferredoxin (Fd), recombinant pFNRII proteins, differing by deletions of up to 25 amino acids, were generated. During purification of the isoproteins found in vivo, the longer forms of pFNRII bound more strongly to a Fd affinity column than did the shorter forms, pFNRII(ISKK) and pFNRII[N-2](KKQD). Further truncation of the N-termini resulted in a pFNRII protein which failed to bind to a Fd column. Similar k(cat) values (104-140 s(-1)) for cytochrome c reduction were measured for all but the most truncated pFNRII[N-5](DEGV), which had a k(cat) of 38 s(-1). Stopped-flow kinetic studies, examining the impact of truncation on electron flow between mutant pFNRII proteins and Fd, showed there was a variation in k(obs) from 76 to 265 s(-1) dependent on the pFNRII partner. To analyze the sites which contribute to Fd binding at the pFNRII N-terminal, three mutants were generated, in which a single or double lysine residue was changed to glutamine within the in vivo N-terminal truncation region. The mutations affected binding of pFNRII to the Fd column. Based on activity measurements, the double lysine residue change resulted in a pFNRII enzyme with decreased Fd affinity. The results highlight the importance of this flexible N-terminal region of the pFNRII protein in binding the Fd partner.
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Affiliation(s)
- C G Bowsher
- Faculty of Life Sciences, The University of Manchester, Michael Smith Building, Manchester M13 9PT, UK.
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Benz JP, Lintala M, Soll J, Mulo P, Bölter B. A new concept for ferredoxin-NADP(H) oxidoreductase binding to plant thylakoids. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2010; 15:608-13. [PMID: 20851663 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2010.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2010] [Revised: 08/18/2010] [Accepted: 08/23/2010] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
During the evolution of photosynthesis, regulatory circuits were established that allow the precise coupling of light-driven electron transfer chains with downstream processes such as carbon fixation. The ferredoxin (Fd):ferredoxin-NADP(+) oxidoreductase (FNR) couple is an important mediator for these processes because it provides the transition from exclusively membrane-bound light reactions to the mostly stromal metabolic pathways. Recent progress has allowed us to revisit how FNR is bound to thylakoids and to revaluate the current view that only membrane-bound FNR is active in photosynthetic reactions. We argue that the vast majority of thylakoid-bound FNR of higher plants is not necessary for photosynthesis. We furthermore propose that the correct distribution of FNR between stroma and thylakoids is used to efficiently regulate Fd-dependent electron partitioning in the chloroplast.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Philipp Benz
- Munich Center for Integrated Protein Science CiPSM, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Feodor-Lynen-Strasse 25, D-81377 Munich, Germany
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Chloroplast-targeted ferredoxin-NADP(+) oxidoreductase (FNR): structure, function and location. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2010; 1807:927-34. [PMID: 20934402 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2010.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2010] [Revised: 10/01/2010] [Accepted: 10/02/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Ferredoxin-NADP(+) oxidoreductase (FNR) is a ubiquitous flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD)-binding enzyme encoded by a small nuclear gene family in higher plants. The chloroplast targeted FNR isoforms are known to be responsible for the final step of linear electron flow transferring electrons from ferredoxin to NADP(+), while the putative role of FNR in cyclic electron transfer has been under discussion for decades. FNR has been found from three distinct chloroplast compartments (i) at the thylakoid membrane, (ii) in the soluble stroma, and (iii) at chloroplast inner envelope. Recent in vivo studies have indicated that besides the membrane-bound FNR, also the soluble FNR is photosynthetically active. Two chloroplast proteins, Tic62 and TROL, were recently identified and shown to form high molecular weight protein complexes with FNR at the thylakoid membrane, and thus seem to act as the long-sought molecular anchors of FNR to the thylakoid membrane. Tic62-FNR complexes are not directly involved in photosynthetic reactions, but Tic62 protects FNR from inactivation during the dark periods. TROL-FNR complexes, however, have an impact on the photosynthetic performance of the plants. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Regulation of Electron Transport in Chloroplasts.
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Lans I, Peregrina JR, Medina M, Garcia-Viloca M, González-Lafont A, Lluch JM. Mechanism of the hydride transfer between Anabaena Tyr303Ser FNR(rd)/FNR(ox) and NADP+/H. A combined pre-steady-state kinetic/ensemble-averaged transition-state theory with multidimensional tunneling study. J Phys Chem B 2010; 114:3368-79. [PMID: 20163096 DOI: 10.1021/jp912034m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The flavoenzyme ferredoxin-NADP(+) reductase (FNR) catalyzes the production of NADPH during photosynthesis. The hydride-transfer reactions between the Anabaena mutant Tyr303Ser FNR(rd)/FNR(ox) and NADP(+)/H have been studied both experimentally and theoretically. Stopped-flow pre-steady-state kinetic measurements have shown that, in contrast to that observed for WT FNR, the physiological hydride transfer from Tyr303Ser FNR(rd) to NADP(+) does not occur. Conversely, the reverse reaction does take place with a rate constant just slightly slower than for WT FNR. This latter process shows temperature-dependent rates, but essentially temperature independent kinetic isotope effects, suggesting the reaction takes place following the vibration-driven tunneling model. In turn, ensemble-averaged variational transition-state theory with multidimensional tunneling calculations provide reaction rate constant values and kinetic isotope effects that agree with the experimental results, the experimental and the theoretical values for the reverse process being noticeably similar. The reaction mechanism behind these hydride transfers has been analyzed. The formation of a close contact ionic pair FADH(-):NADP(+) surrounded by the polar environment of the enzyme in the reactant complex of the mutant might be the cause of the huge difference between the direct and the reverse reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaias Lans
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, and Institute of Biocomputation and Physics of Complex Systems (BIFI), Universidad de Zaragoza, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain
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Peregrina JR, Sánchez-Azqueta A, Herguedas B, Martínez-Júlvez M, Medina M. Role of specific residues in coenzyme binding, charge-transfer complex formation, and catalysis in Anabaena ferredoxin NADP+-reductase. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2010; 1797:1638-46. [PMID: 20471952 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2010.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2010] [Revised: 05/04/2010] [Accepted: 05/06/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Two transient charge-transfer complexes (CTC) form prior and upon hydride transfer (HT) in the reversible reaction of the FAD-dependent ferredoxin-NADP+ reductase (FNR) with NADP+/H, FNR(ox)-NADPH (CTC-1), and FNR(rd)-NADP+ (CTC-2). Spectral properties of both CTCs, as well as the corresponding interconversion HT rates, are here reported for several Anabaena FNR site-directed mutants. The need for an adequate initial interaction between the 2'P-AMP portion of NADP+/H and FNR that provides subsequent conformational changes leading to CTC formation is further confirmed. Stronger interactions between the isoalloxazine and nicotinamide rings might relate with faster HT processes, but exceptions are found upon distortion of the active centre. Thus, within the analyzed FNR variants, there is no strict correlation between the stability of the transient CTCs formation and the rate of the subsequent HT. Kinetic isotope effects suggest that, while in the WT, vibrational enhanced modulation of the active site contributes to the tunnel probability of HT; complexes of some of the active site mutants with the coenzyme hardly allow the relative movement of isoalloxazine and nicotinamide rings along the HT reaction. The architecture of the WT FNR active site precisely contributes to reduce the stacking probability between the isoalloxazine and nicotinamide rings in the catalytically competent complex, modulating the angle and distance between the N5 of the FAD isoalloxazine and the C4 of the coenzyme nicotinamide to values that ensure efficient HT processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Ramón Peregrina
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, and Institute of Biocomputation and Physics of Complex Systems (BIFI), Universidad de Zaragoza, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain
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Dumit VI, Essigke T, Cortez N, Ullmann GM. Mechanistic insights into ferredoxin-NADP(H) reductase catalysis involving the conserved glutamate in the active site. J Mol Biol 2010; 397:814-25. [PMID: 20132825 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2010.01.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2009] [Revised: 01/26/2010] [Accepted: 01/27/2010] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Plant-type ferredoxin-NADP(H) reductases (FNRs) are flavoenzymes harboring one molecule of noncovalently bound flavin adenine dinucleotide that catalyze reversible reactions between obligatory one-electron carriers and obligatory two-electron carriers. A glutamate next to the C-terminus is strictly conserved in FNR and has been proposed to function as proton donor/acceptor during catalysis. However, experimental studies of this proposed function led to contradicting conclusions about the role of this glutamate in the catalytic mechanism. In the present work, we study the titration behavior of the glutamate in the active site of FNR using theoretical methods. Protonation probabilities for maize FNR were computed for the reaction intermediates of the catalytic cycle by Poisson-Boltzmann electrostatic calculations and Metropolis Monte Carlo titration. The titration behavior of the highly conserved glutamate was found to vary depending on the bound substrates NADP(H) and ferredoxin and also on the redox states of these substrates and the flavin adenine dinucleotide. Our results support the involvement of the glutamate in the FNR catalytic mechanism not only as a proton donor but also as a key residue for stabilizing and destabilizing reaction intermediates. On the basis of our findings, we propose a model rationalizing the function of the glutamate in the reaction cycle, which allows reinterpretation of previous experimental results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica I Dumit
- Structural Biology/Bioinformatics, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
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Binding thermodynamics of ferredoxin:NADP+ reductase: two different protein substrates and one energetics. Biophys J 2009; 96:4966-75. [PMID: 19527656 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2009.02.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2008] [Revised: 01/16/2009] [Accepted: 03/18/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The thermodynamics of the formation of binary and ternary complexes between Anabaena PCC 7119 FNR and its substrates, NADP+ and Fd, or Fld, has been studied by ITC. Despite structural dissimilarities, the main difference between Fd and Fld binding to FNR relates to hydrophobicity, reflected in different binding heat capacity and number of water molecules released from the interface. At pH 8, the formation of the binary complexes is both enthalpically and entropically driven, accompanied by the protonation of at least one ionizable group. His299 FNR has been identified as the main responsible for the proton exchange observed. However, at pH 10, where no protonation occurs and intrinsic binding parameters can be obtained, the formation of the binary complexes is entropically driven, with negligible enthalpic contribution. Absence of the FMN cofactor in Fld does not alter significantly the strength of the interaction, but considerably modifies the enthalpic and entropic contributions, suggesting a different binding mode. Ternary complexes show negative cooperativity (6-fold and 11-fold reduction in binding affinity, respectively), and an increase in the enthalpic contribution (more favorable) and a decrease in the entropic contribution (less favorable), with regard to the binary complexes energetics.
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Medina M. Structural and mechanistic aspects of flavoproteins: photosynthetic electron transfer from photosystem I to NADP+. FEBS J 2009; 276:3942-58. [PMID: 19583765 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2009.07122.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This minireview covers the research carried out in recent years into different aspects of the function of the flavoproteins involved in cyanobacterial photosynthetic electron transfer from photosystem I to NADP(+), flavodoxin and ferredoxin-NADP(+) reductase. Interactions that stabilize protein-flavin complexes and tailor the midpoint potentials in these proteins, as well as many details of the binding and electron transfer to protein and ligand partners, have been revealed. In addition to their role in photosynthesis, flavodoxin and ferredoxin-NADP(+) reductase are ubiquitous flavoenzymes that deliver NAD(P)H or low midpoint potential one-electron donors to redox-based metabolisms in plastids, mitochondria and bacteria. They are also the basic prototypes for a large family of diflavin electron transferases with common functional and structural properties. Understanding their mechanisms should enable greater comprehension of the many physiological roles played by flavodoxin and ferredoxin-NADP(+) reductase, either free or as modules in multidomain proteins. Many aspects of their biochemistry have been extensively characterized using a combination of site-directed mutagenesis, steady-state and transient kinetics, spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography. Despite these considerable advances, various key features of the structural-function relationship are yet to be explained in molecular terms. Better knowledge of these systems and their particular properties may allow us to envisage several interesting applications of these proteins beyond their physiological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milagros Medina
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular and BFIF, Universidad de Zaragoza, Spain.
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Senda T, Senda M, Kimura S, Ishida T. Redox control of protein conformation in flavoproteins. Antioxid Redox Signal 2009; 11:1741-66. [PMID: 19243237 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2008.2348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) and flavin mononucleotide (FMN) are two flavin prosthetic groups utilized as the redox centers of various proteins. The conformations and chemical properties of these flavins can be affected by their redox states as well as by photoreactions. Thus, proteins containing flavin (flavoproteins) can function not only as redox enzymes, but also as signaling molecules by using the redox- and/or light-dependent changes of the flavin. Redox and light-dependent conformational changes of flavoproteins are critical to many biological signaling systems. In this review, we summarize the molecular mechanisms of the redox-dependent conformational changes of flavoproteins and discuss their relationship to signaling functions. The redox-dependent (or light-excited) changes of flavin and neighboring residues in proteins act as molecular "switches" that "turn on" various conformational changes in proteins, and can be classified into five types. On the basis of the present analysis, we recommend future directions in molecular structural research on flavoproteins and related proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiya Senda
- Biomedicinal Information Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan.
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