1
|
Yu C, Qiu M, Zhang Z, Song X, Du H, Peng H, Li Q, Yang L, Xiong X, Xia B, Hu C, Chen J, Jiang X, Yang C. Transcriptome sequencing reveals genes involved in cadmium-triggered oxidative stress in the chicken heart. Poult Sci 2021; 100:100932. [PMID: 33652545 PMCID: PMC7936198 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
As a ubiquitous heavy metal, cadmium (Cd) is highly toxic to various organs. However, the effects and molecular mechanism of Cd toxicity in the chicken heart remain largely unknown. The goal of our study was to investigate the cardiac injury in chickens' exposure to Cd. We detected the levels of oxidative stress-related molecules in the Cd-induced chicken heart, and assessed the histopathological changes by hematoxylin and eosin staining. RNA sequencing was performed to identify differentially expressed mRNAs between the Cd-induced group and control group. The expression of candidate genes involved in oxidative stress was certified by quantitative reverse transcription PCR. Our results showed that the expression of glutathione, peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase was significantly decreased and malondialdehyde was increased in the heart of chickens by Cd induction. The disorderly arranged cardiomyocytes, swelled and enlarged cells, partial cardiomyocyte necrosis, blurred morphological structure, and notable inflammatory cell infiltration were observed in the Cd-induced chicken heart. RNA sequencing identified 23 upregulated and 11 downregulated mRNAs in the heart tissues of the chicken in the Cd-induced group, and functional pathways indicated that they were associated with oxidative stress. Moreover, CREM, DUSP8, and ITGA11 expressions were significantly reduced, whereas LAMA1 expression was induced in heart tissue of chickens by Cd treatment. Overall, our findings revealed that oxidative stress and pathological changes in the chicken heart could be triggered by Cd. The mRNA transcriptional profiles identified differentially expressed genes in the chicken heart by Cd induction, revealing oxidative stress-related key genes and enhancing our understanding of Cd toxicity in the chicken heart.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunlin Yu
- Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu, Sichuan 610066 China; Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan 610066 China
| | - Mohan Qiu
- Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu, Sichuan 610066 China; Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan 610066 China
| | - Zengrong Zhang
- Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu, Sichuan 610066 China; Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan 610066 China
| | - Xiaoyan Song
- Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu, Sichuan 610066 China; Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan 610066 China
| | - Huarui Du
- Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu, Sichuan 610066 China; Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan 610066 China
| | - Han Peng
- Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu, Sichuan 610066 China; Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan 610066 China
| | - Qingyun Li
- Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu, Sichuan 610066 China; Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan 610066 China
| | - Li Yang
- Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu, Sichuan 610066 China; Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan 610066 China
| | - Xia Xiong
- Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu, Sichuan 610066 China; Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan 610066 China
| | - Bo Xia
- Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu, Sichuan 610066 China; Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan 610066 China
| | - Chenming Hu
- Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu, Sichuan 610066 China; Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan 610066 China
| | - Jialei Chen
- Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu, Sichuan 610066 China; Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan 610066 China
| | - Xiaosong Jiang
- Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu, Sichuan 610066 China; Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan 610066 China
| | - Chaowu Yang
- Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu, Sichuan 610066 China; Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan 610066 China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Barbati SA, Colussi C, Bacci L, Aiello A, Re A, Stigliano E, Isidori AM, Grassi C, Pontecorvi A, Farsetti A, Gaetano C, Nanni S. Transcription Factor CREM Mediates High Glucose Response in Cardiomyocytes and in a Male Mouse Model of Prolonged Hyperglycemia. Endocrinology 2017; 158:2391-2405. [PMID: 28368536 DOI: 10.1210/en.2016-1960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
This study aims at investigating the epigenetic landscape of cardiomyocytes exposed to elevated glucose levels. High glucose (30 mM) for 72 hours determined some epigenetic changes in mouse HL-1 and rat differentiated H9C2 cardiomyocytes including upregulation of class I and III histone deacetylase protein levels and activity, inhibition of histone acetylase p300 activity, increase in histone H3 lysine 27 trimethylation, and reduction in H3 lysine 9 acetylation. Gene expression analysis focused on cardiotoxicity revealed that high glucose induced markers associated with tissue damage, fibrosis, and cardiac remodeling such as Nexilin (NEXN), versican, cyclic adenosine 5'-monophosphate-responsive element modulator (CREM), and adrenoceptor α2A (ADRA2). Notably, the transcription factor CREM was found to be important in the regulation of cardiotoxicity-associated genes as assessed by specific small interfering RNA and chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments. In CD1 mice, made hyperglycemic by streptozotoicin (STZ) injection, cardiac structural alterations were evident at 6 months after STZ treatment and were associated with a significant increase of H3 lysine 27 trimethylation and reduction of H3 lysine 9 acetylation. Consistently, NEXN, CREM, and ADRA2 expression was significantly induced at the RNA and protein levels. Confocal microscopy analysis of NEXN localization showed this protein irregularly distributed along the sarcomeres in the heart of hyperglycemic mice. This evidence suggested a structural alteration of cardiac Z-disk with potential consequences on contractility. In conclusion, high glucose may alter the epigenetic landscape of cardiac cells. Sildenafil, restoring guanosine 3', 5'-cyclic monophosphate levels, counteracted the increase of CREM and NEXN, providing a protective effect in the presence of hyperglycemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saviana A Barbati
- Institute of Human Physiology, Università Cattolica di Roma, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Institute of Medical Pathology, Università Cattolica di Roma, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Colussi
- Institute of Medical Pathology, Università Cattolica di Roma, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, National Research Council, 00143 Rome, Italy
| | - Lorenza Bacci
- Institute of Medical Pathology, Università Cattolica di Roma, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Aurora Aiello
- Institute of Medical Pathology, Università Cattolica di Roma, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, National Research Council, 00143 Rome, Italy
| | - Agnese Re
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, National Research Council, 00143 Rome, Italy
| | - Egidio Stigliano
- Department of Histopathology, Università Cattolica di Roma, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea M Isidori
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio Grassi
- Institute of Human Physiology, Università Cattolica di Roma, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Alfredo Pontecorvi
- Institute of Medical Pathology, Università Cattolica di Roma, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Farsetti
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, National Research Council, 00143 Rome, Italy
- Medicine Clinic III, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Carlo Gaetano
- Medicine Clinic III, Division of Cardiovascular Epigenetics, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Simona Nanni
- Institute of Medical Pathology, Università Cattolica di Roma, 00168 Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Selvarasu NKC, Tafti DK, Vlachos PP. Hydrodynamic effects of compliance mismatch in stented arteries. J Biomech Eng 2011; 133:021008. [PMID: 21280880 DOI: 10.1115/1.4003319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are the number one cause of death in the world, making the understanding of hemodynamics and development of treatment options imperative. The most common modality for treatment of occlusive coronary artery diseases is the use of stents. Stent design profoundly influences the postprocedural hemodynamic and solid mechanical environment of the stented artery. However, despite their wide acceptance, the incidence of stent late restenosis is still high (Zwart et al., 2010, "Coronary Stent Thrombosis in the Current Era: Challenges and Opportunities for Treatment," Current Treatment Options in Cardiovascular Medicine, 12(1), pp. 46-57), and it is most prevailing at the proximal and distal ends of the stent. In this work, we focus our investigation on the localized hemodynamic effects of compliance mismatch due to the presence of a stent in an artery. The compliance mismatch in a stented artery is maximized at the proximal and distal ends of the stent. Hence, it is our objective to understand and reveal the mechanism by which changes in compliance contribute to the generation of nonphysiological wall shear stress (WSS). Such adverse hemodynamic conditions could have an effect on the onset of restenosis. Three-dimensional, spatiotemporally resolved computational fluid dynamics simulations of pulsatile flow with fluid-structure interaction were carried out for a simplified coronary artery with physiologically relevant flow parameters. A model with uniform elastic modulus is used as the baseline control case. In order to study the effect of compliance variation on local hemodynamics, this baseline model is compared with models where the elastic modulus was increased by two-, five-, and tenfold in the middle of the vessel. The simulations provided detailed information regarding the recirculation zone dynamics formed during flow reversals. The results suggest that discontinuities in compliance cause critical changes in local hemodynamics, namely, altering the local pressure and velocity gradients. The change in pressure gradient at the discontinuity was as high as 90%. The corresponding changes in WSS and oscillatory shear index calculated were 9% and 15%, respectively. We demonstrate that these changes are attributed to the physical mechanism associating the pressure gradient discontinuities to the production of vorticity (vorticity flux) due to the presence of the stent. The pressure gradient discontinuities and augmented vorticity flux are affecting the wall shear stresses. As a result, this work reveals how compliance variations act to modify the near wall hemodynamics of stented arteries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N K C Selvarasu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 114-I Randolph Hall, Mail Code 0238, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Petrashevskaya NN, Ishii M, D'Souza K, Koch SE, Fuller-Bicer GA, Schwartz A. Presynaptic stimulus-release and postsynaptic compensatory changes in mice lacking the N-type calcium channel α1B-subunit. Auton Neurosci 2011; 160:9-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2010.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2010] [Revised: 09/09/2010] [Accepted: 09/20/2010] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
|
5
|
Yu JJ, Xu YM. DECREASED TESTICULAR EXPRESSION OF cAMP RESPONSE ELEMENT MODULATOR (CREM) IN RAT WITH VARICOCELE. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 51:93-7. [PMID: 15804863 DOI: 10.1080/01485010490485812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
This study examines the hypothesis that varicocele would impair the testicular expression of cAMP response element modulator (CREM) in experimental rats. Thirty (30) rats were selected at random, of 20 were operated as varicocele's group; of 10 were for sham-operation as controlled group, testes were removed, fixed and stained in three months. Makler Score was adopted to analyze the bore, limitan's thickness, layer number of cell, the degree of cell's maturity and average score in 200 and 100 seminiferous tubulae, respectively. CREM, HSP60 was determinated by hybridization in situ, the difference between two groups were compared. In varicocele group, seminiferous tubule's bore was decreased (101 +/- 2.2) vs 146 +/- 4.1), limitan became thicker (3.5 +/- 0.1 vs 1.9 +/- 0.2), cell's layer number was reduced (3.0 +/- 0.2 vs 5.5 +/- 0.1), cell's maturity turned to disturbance (3.6 +/- 0.3 vs 4.9 +/- 0.1), the average score was lower than controlled group (8.5 +/- 0.6 vs 16.0 +/- 1.2), they had significant differences (P < 0.001). The testicular CREM expression was significantly lower in varicocele group than in controlled one (VG2.0 +/- 0.32, SoG3.90 +/- 0.32) (p < 0.001), which was located in spermatogenous cell to spermatocyte stage. However, HSP60 expression in VG was higher than in SoG (3.85 +/- 0.3 versus 2.1 +/- 0.32) with significant differences (P < 0.001), the expression located in spermatid. Varicocele could lead to lower testicular CREM expression and breeding sperm functional lesion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Jun Yu
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, The Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China.
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lewin G, Matus M, Basu A, Frebel K, Rohsbach SP, Safronenko A, Seidl MD, Stümpel F, Buchwalow I, König S, Engelhardt S, Lohse MJ, Schmitz W, Müller FU. Critical role of transcription factor cyclic AMP response element modulator in beta1-adrenoceptor-mediated cardiac dysfunction. Circulation 2008; 119:79-88. [PMID: 19103994 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.108.786533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic stimulation of the beta(1)-adrenoceptor (beta(1)AR) plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of heart failure; however, underlying mechanisms remain to be elucidated. The regulation by transcription factors cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) and cyclic AMP response element modulator (CREM) represents a fundamental mechanism of cyclic AMP-dependent gene control possibly implicated in beta(1)AR-mediated cardiac deterioration. METHODS AND RESULTS We studied the role of CREM in beta(1)AR-mediated cardiac effects, comparing transgenic mice with heart-directed expression of beta(1)AR in the absence and presence of functional CREM. CREM inactivation protected from cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, fibrosis, and left ventricular dysfunction in beta(1)AR-overexpressing mice. Transcriptome and proteome analysis revealed a set of predicted CREB/CREM target genes including the cardiac ryanodine receptor, tropomyosin 1alpha, and cardiac alpha-actin as altered on the mRNA or protein level along with the improved phenotype in CREM-deficient beta(1)AR-transgenic hearts. CONCLUSIONS The results imply the regulation of genes by CREM as an important mechanism of beta(1)AR-induced cardiac damage in mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Geertje Lewin
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Huggins GS, Lepore JJ, Greytak S, Patten R, McNamee R, Aronovitz M, Wang PJ, Reed GL. The CREB leucine zipper regulates CREB phosphorylation, cardiomyopathy, and lethality in a transgenic model of heart failure. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2007; 293:H1877-82. [PMID: 17616745 PMCID: PMC3911886 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00516.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Signaling through cAMP plays an important role in heart failure. Phosphorylation of cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) at serine-133 regulates gene expression in the heart. We examined the functional significance of CREB-S133 phosphorylation by comparing transgenic models in which a phosphorylation resistant CREB-S133A mutant containing either an intact or a mutated leucine zipper domain (CREB-S133A-LZ) was expressed in the heart. In vitro, CREB-S133A retained the ability to interact with wild-type CREB, whereas CREB-S133A-LZ did not. In vivo, CREB-S133A and CREB-S133A-LZ were expressed at comparable levels in the heart; however, CREB-S133A markedly suppressed the phosphorylation of endogenous CREB, whereas CREB-S133A-LZ had no effect. The one-year survival of mice from two CREB-S133A-LZ transgenic lines was equivalent to nontransgenic littermate control mice (NTG), whereas transgenic CREB-S133A mice died with heart failure at a median 30 wk of age (P < 0.0001). CREB-S133A mice had an altered gene expression characteristic of the failing heart, whereas CREB-S133A-LZ mice did not. Left ventricular contractile function was substantially reduced in CREB-S133A mice versus NTG mice and only modestly reduced in CREB-S133A-LZ mice (P < 0.02). When considered in light of other studies, these findings indicate that overexpression of the CREB leucine zipper is required for both inhibition of endogenous CREB phosphorylation and cardiomyopathy in this murine model of heart failure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gordon S Huggins
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts-New England Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02111, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Liu F, Lee SK, Adams DJ, Gronowicz GA, Kream BE. CREM deficiency in mice alters the response of bone to intermittent parathyroid hormone treatment. Bone 2007; 40:1135-43. [PMID: 17275432 PMCID: PMC1995436 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2006.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2006] [Revised: 11/06/2006] [Accepted: 12/04/2006] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
CREM belongs to the ATF/CREB family of basic leucine zipper transcription factors. We previously showed that PTH induces ICER (inducible cAMP early repressor) in osteoblasts. ICER proteins, which are transcribed from the P2 promoter of the Crem gene, act as transcriptional attenuators. The objective of this study was to determine whether the Crem gene plays a role in the response of bone to intermittent PTH. Adult Crem knockout (KO) and wild type (WT) male mice were given daily subcutaneous injections of vehicle or hPTH(1-34) (160 mug/kg) for 10 days. Bone mineral content and density (BMC and BMD, respectively) were measured in femur and tibia by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). Bone morphometry was analyzed by X-ray computed microtomography (microCT) and histomorphometry. Serum bone turnover markers were measured. In vitro osteoclast formation assays were performed in bone marrow cultures treated with PTH or the combination of RANKL and M-CSF. KO mice had slightly higher basal bone mass than wild type mice. PTH treatment increased tibial BMC and BMD to a greater extent in WT mice compared to KO mice. PTH increased both cortical area and trabecular bone area in WT but not in KO femurs. PTH increased the bone formation rate and percent osteoblast surface to the same extent in femurs of WT and KO mice but increased osteoclast parameters and calvarial porosity to a greater extent in KO mice. PTH increased serum osteocalcin levels to the same extent in WT and KO mice. PTH-induced osteoclast formation was 2-fold greater in bone marrow cultures from KO mice. Collectively, our data suggest that the CREM deficiency in mice alters the response of bone to intermittent PTH treatment such that osteoclastogenesis is increased. Crem gene may specify the anabolic response to intermittent PTH treatment by restraining PTH-induced osteoclastogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Liu
- Department of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT 06030
| | - Sun-Kyeong Lee
- Department of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT 06030
| | - Douglas J. Adams
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health Center, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT 06030
| | - Gloria A. Gronowicz
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health Center, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT 06030
| | - Barbara E. Kream
- Department of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT 06030
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Matus M, Lewin G, Stümpel F, Buchwalow IB, Schneider MD, Schütz G, Schmitz W, Müller FU. Cardiomyocyte-specific inactivation of transcription factor CREB in mice. FASEB J 2007; 21:1884-92. [PMID: 17307839 DOI: 10.1096/fj.06-7915com] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The transcription factor cAMP response element (CRE)-binding protein (CREB, Creb1) plays a critical role in regulating gene expression in response to activation of the cAMP-dependent signaling pathway, which is implicated in the pathophysiology of heart failure. Using the Cre-loxP system, we generated mice with a cardiomyocyte-specific inactivation of CREB and studied in this model whether CREB is critical for cardiac function. CREB-deficient mice were viable and displayed neither changes in cardiac morphology nor alterations of basal or isoproterenol-stimulated left ventricular function in vivo or of important cardiac regulatory proteins. Since CREB was proposed as a negative regulator of cardiomyocyte apoptosis by enhancing the expression of the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2, we analyzed the fragmentation of DNA, the activity of caspases 3/7 and the expression of Bcl-2 and did not observe any differences between CREB-deficient and CREB-normal hearts. Our results suggest that the presence of CREB is not critical for normal cardiac function in mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marek Matus
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Münster, Domagkstrasse 12, 48129 Münster, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ukropec J, Anunciado RP, Ravussin Y, Hulver MW, Kozak LP. UCP1-independent Thermogenesis in White Adipose Tissue of Cold-acclimated Ucp1-/- Mice. J Biol Chem 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)84104-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
|
11
|
Ukropec J, Anunciado RP, Ravussin Y, Hulver MW, Kozak LP. UCP1-independent thermogenesis in white adipose tissue of cold-acclimated Ucp1-/- mice. J Biol Chem 2006; 281:31894-908. [PMID: 16914547 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m606114200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Apart from UCP1-based nonshivering thermogenesis in brown adipocytes, the identity of thermogenic mechanisms that can be activated to reduce a positive energy balance is largely unknown. To identify potentially useful mechanisms, we have analyzed physiological and molecular mechanisms that enable mice, genetically deficient in UCP1 and sensitive to acute exposure to the cold at 4 degrees C, to adapt to long term exposure at 4 degrees C. UCP1-deficient mice that can adapt to the cold have increased oxygen consumption and show increased oxidation of both fat and glucose as indicated from serum metabolite levels and liver glycogen content. Enhanced energy metabolism in inguinal fat was also indicated by increased oxygen consumption and fat oxidation in tissue suspensions and increased AMP kinase activity in dissected tissues. Analysis of gene expression in skeletal muscle showed surprisingly little change between cold-adapted Ucp1+/+ and Ucp1-/- mice, whereas in inguinal fat a robust induction occurred for type 2 deiodinase, sarcoendoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase, mitochondrial glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, PGC1alpha, CoxII, and mitochondrial DNA content. Western blot analysis showed an induction of total phospholamban and its phosphorylated form in inguinal fat and other white fat depots, but no induction was apparent in muscle. We conclude that alternative thermogenic mechanisms, based in part upon the enhanced capacity for ion and substrate cycling associated with brown adipocytes in white fat depots, are induced in UCP1-deficient mice by gradual cold adaptation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jozef Ukropec
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70808, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Gu H, Xu K, Xu C, Xu B. Biofunctional magnetic nanoparticles for protein separation and pathogen detection. Chem Commun (Camb) 2006:941-9. [PMID: 16491171 DOI: 10.1039/b514130c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 594] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Recent successful syntheses of monodispersed magnetic nanoparticles have offered a unique opportunity to control and probe biological interactions using magnetic force. This paper highlights a general strategy to generate biofunctional magnetic nanoparticles, illustrates applications for these nanoparticles in protein separation and pathogen detection, and analyzes the high sensitivity and high selectivity achieved by this system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Gu
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Husse B, Isenberg G. CREB expression in cardiac fibroblasts and CREM expression in ventricular myocytes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2005; 334:1260-5. [PMID: 16043122 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.06.206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2005] [Accepted: 06/29/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Activation of gene expression by the cAMP-dependent signaling pathway is regulated by members of the cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) family consisting of CREB, CREM, and ATF-1. It is decisively for the understanding of the heart function as to which type of heart cells expresses CREB and/or CREM. Ventricular myocytes and fibroblasts of young (3 months) and old (24 months) rat hearts were separately investigated to analyse CREB, CREM, and phospho-CREB. Western blot showed CREB expression exclusively in fibroblasts but CREM was predominantly detected in ventricular myocytes. CREB-positive nuclei in heart sections were only revealed in fibroblasts. CREB was activated by forskolin (10 microM), PMA (500 nM), and cyclical mechanical strain (1 Hz, 5% elongation) in fibroblasts. The number of CREB-positive myocytes in old rats was larger than in young rats. But CREB could not be activated by forskolin (10 microM) in all myocytes. Our results suggest that the expression of CREB depends on the cell type and the age of the animal. We discuss that modulation of gene expression as it occurs with a age could be affected by the change within the CREB family members.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Husse
- Department of Physiology, Martin-Luther-University Halle, D-06097 Halle, Germany.
| | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Tyson-Capper AJ, Bailey J, Krainer AR, Robson SC, Europe-Finner GN. The switch in alternative splicing of cyclic AMP-response element modulator protein CREM{tau}2{alpha} (activator) to CREM{alpha} (repressor) in human myometrial cells is mediated by SRp40. J Biol Chem 2005; 280:34521-9. [PMID: 16103121 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m505344200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor cAMP-response element modulator (CREM) protein, plays a major role in cAMP-responsive gene regulation. Biological consequences resulting from the transcriptional stimuli of CREM are dictated by the expression of multiple protein isoforms generated by extensive alternative splicing of its precursor mRNA. We have previously shown that alternative splicing enables the expression of the CREM gene to be "switched" within the human myometrium during pregnancy from the production of CREMtau(2alpha), a potent transcriptional activator to the synthesis of CREMalpha, a transcriptional repressor. Furthermore we have recently reported that this change in the expression of CREM spliced variants is likely to have important ramifications on the regulation of downstream cAMP-response element-responsive target genes involved in uterine activity during gestation. We have investigated the splicing factors involved in controlling the expression of myometrial CREM splice variants. Data presented here from transient transfections indicate that the switch in the synthesis of CREMtau(2)alpha to CREMalpha that occurs during pregnancy is regulated primarily by an SR protein family member, SRp40. We also show that expression of this splicing factor is tightly regulated in the myometrium during pregnancy. SRp40 regulates the splicing of CREM via its interactions with multiple ESE motifs present in the alternatively exons of CREM. In vitro splicing and electrophoretic mobility shift assays were employed to confirm the functionality of the SRp40-binding ESEs, thus providing a mechanistic explanation of how SRp40 regulates the switch in splicing from production of CREMtau(2)alpha to CREMalpha.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alison J Tyson-Capper
- School of Surgical and Reproductive Sciences, 3rd Floor, William Leech Building, The Medical School, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, United Kingdom.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Endoh M. Force-frequency relationship in intact mammalian ventricular myocardium: physiological and pathophysiological relevance. Eur J Pharmacol 2005; 500:73-86. [PMID: 15464022 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2004.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/01/2004] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The force-frequency relationship (FFR) is an important intrinsic regulatory mechanism of cardiac contractility. The FFR in most mammalian ventricular myocardium is positive; that is, an increase in contractile force in association with an increase in the amplitude of Ca(2+) transients is induced by elevation of the stimulation frequency, which reflects the cardiac contractile reserve. The relationship is different depending on the range of frequency and species of animal. In some species, including rat and mouse, a 'primary-phase' negative FFR is induced over the low-frequency range up to approximately 0.5-1 Hz (rat) and 1-2 Hz (mouse). Even in these species, the FFR over the frequency range close to the physiological heart rate is positive and qualitatively similar to that in larger mammalian species, although the positive FFR is less prominent. The integrated dynamic balance of the intracellular Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)](i)) is the primary cellular mechanism responsible for the FFR and is determined by sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca(2+) load and Ca(2+) flux through the sarcolemma via L-type Ca(2+) channels and the Na(+)-Ca(2+) exchanger. Intracellular Na(+) concentration is also an important factor in [Ca(2+)](i) regulation. In isolated rabbit papillary muscle, over a lower frequency range (<0.5 Hz), an increase in duration rather than amplitude of Ca(2+) transients appears to be responsible for the increase in contractile force, while over an intermediate frequency range (0.5-2.0 Hz), the amplitude of Ca(2+) transients correlates well with the increase in contractile force. Over a higher frequency range (>2.5 Hz), the contractile force is dissociated from the amplitude of Ca(2+) transients probably due to complex cellular mechanisms, including oxygen limitation in the central fibers of isolated muscle preparations, while the amplitude of Ca(2+) transients increases further with increasing frequency ('secondary-phase' negative FFR). Calmodulin (CaM) may contribute to a positive FFR and the frequency-dependent acceleration of relaxation, although the role of calmodulin has not yet been established unequivocally. In failing ventricular myocardium, the positive FFR disappears or is inverted and becomes negative. The activation and overexpression of cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) ATPase (SERCA2a) is able to reverse these abnormalities. Frequency-dependent alterations of systolic and diastolic force in association with those of Ca(2+) transients and diastolic [Ca(2+)](i) levels are excellent indicators for analysis of cardiac excitation-contraction coupling, and for evaluating the severity of cardiac contractile dysfunction, cardiac reserve capacity and the effectiveness of therapeutic agents in congestive heart failure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masao Endoh
- Department of Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Yamagata University School of Medicine, 2-2-2 Iida-nishi, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Takimoto E, Champion HC, Li M, Ren S, Rodriguez ER, Tavazzi B, Lazzarino G, Paolocci N, Gabrielson KL, Wang Y, Kass DA. Oxidant stress from nitric oxide synthase-3 uncoupling stimulates cardiac pathologic remodeling from chronic pressure load. J Clin Invest 2005; 115:1221-31. [PMID: 15841206 PMCID: PMC1077169 DOI: 10.1172/jci21968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 354] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2004] [Accepted: 02/22/2005] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac pressure load stimulates hypertrophy, often leading to chamber dilation and dysfunction. ROS contribute to this process. Here we show that uncoupling of nitric oxide synthase-3 (NOS3) plays a major role in pressure load-induced myocardial ROS and consequent chamber remodeling/hypertrophy. Chronic transverse aortic constriction (TAC; for 3 and 9 weeks) in control mice induced marked cardiac hypertrophy, dilation, and dysfunction. Mice lacking NOS3 displayed modest and concentric hypertrophy to TAC with preserved function. NOS3(-/-) TAC hearts developed less fibrosis, myocyte hypertrophy, and fetal gene re-expression (B-natriuretic peptide and alpha-skeletal actin). ROS, nitrotyrosine, and gelatinase (MMP-2 and MMP-9) zymogen activity markedly increased in control TAC, but not in NOS3(-/-) TAC, hearts. TAC induced NOS3 uncoupling in the heart, reflected by reduced NOS3 dimer and tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4), increased NOS3-dependent generation of ROS, and lowered Ca(2+)-dependent NOS activity. Cotreatment with BH4 prevented NOS3 uncoupling and inhibited ROS, resulting in concentric nondilated hypertrophy. Mice given the antioxidant tetrahydroneopterin as a control did not display changes in TAC response. Thus, pressure overload triggers NOS3 uncoupling as a prominent source of myocardial ROS that contribute to dilatory remodeling and cardiac dysfunction. Reversal of this process by BH4 suggests a potential treatment to ameliorate the pathophysiology of chronic pressure-induced hypertrophy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eiki Takimoto
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Müller FU, Lewin G, Baba HA, Bokník P, Fabritz L, Kirchhefer U, Kirchhof P, Loser K, Matus M, Neumann J, Riemann B, Schmitz W. Heart-directed expression of a human cardiac isoform of cAMP-response element modulator in transgenic mice. J Biol Chem 2004; 280:6906-14. [PMID: 15569686 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m407864200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcriptional activation mediated by cAMP-response element (CRE) and transcription factors of the CRE-binding protein (CREB)/CRE modulator (CREM) family represents an important mechanism of cAMP-dependent gene regulation possibly implicated in detrimental effects of chronic beta-adrenergic stimulation in end-stage heart failure. We studied the cardiac role of CREM in transgenic mice with heart-directed expression of CREM-IbDeltaC-X, a human cardiac CREM isoform. Transgenic mice displayed atrial enlargement with atrial and ventricular hypertrophy, developed atrial fibrillation, and died prematurely. In vivo hemodynamic assessment revealed increased contractility of transgenic left ventricles probably due to a selective up-regulation of SERCA2, the cardiac Ca(2+)-ATPase of the sarcoplasmic reticulum. In transgenic ventricles, reduced phosphorylation of phospholamban and of the CREB was associated with increased activity of serine-threonine protein phosphatase 1. The density of beta(1)-adrenoreceptor was increased, and messenger RNAs encoding transcription factor dHAND and small G-protein RhoB were decreased in transgenic hearts as compared with wild-type controls. Our results indicate that heart-directed expression of CREM-IbDeltaC-X leads to complex cardiac alterations, suggesting CREM as a central regulator of cardiac morphology, function, and gene expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frank U Müller
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Münster, Domagkstrasse 12, D-48149 Münster, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Palmer BM, Mokelke EA, Thayer AM, Moore RL. Mild renal hypertension alters run training effects on the frequency response of rat cardiomyocyte mechanics. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2003; 95:1799-807. [PMID: 12857770 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00978.2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined the effects of run training on the frequency dependence of cardiomyocyte mechanics and intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) dynamics in rats with mild renal hypertension. Male Fischer 344 rats aged 2-3 mo underwent a sham operation or stenosis of the left renal artery, which increased systolic blood pressure 20-30 mmHg. Half of the rats in each group underwent treadmill run training for >16 wk. Isolated cardiomyocytes were paced at 1.0 and 0.2 Hz in 2 mM external Ca2+ concentration at 29 degrees C. Under these conditions, negative frequency responses, i.e., decreased value with increased frequency, were recorded for peak shortening, shortening velocity, and the integral of the [Ca2+]i transient in both groups. Run training amplified the negative frequency response for the integral of the [Ca2+]i transient in both groups, but it amplified the negative frequency response for the shortening dynamics only in the normotensive sham-operated and not in the hypertensive rats. These results, as well as others for relaxation parameters, suggest that renal hypertension altered the effects of run training on the frequency response for cardiomyocyte contractile apparatus and/or passive mechanical properties, which respond to [Ca2+]i.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bradley M Palmer
- Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|