1
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Perra A, Kowalik MA, Cabras L, Runfola M, Sestito S, Migliore C, Giordano S, Chiellini G, Rapposelli S, Columbano A. Potential role of two novel agonists of thyroid hormone receptor-β on liver regeneration. Cell Prolif 2020; 53:e12808. [PMID: 32347601 PMCID: PMC7260063 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Although the hepatomitogenic activity of triiodothyronine (T3) is well established, the wide range of harmful effects exerted by this hormone precludes its use in liver regenerative therapy. Selective agonists of the beta isoform of thyroid hormone receptor (TRβ) do not exhibit T3-induced cardiotoxicity and show a good safety profile in patients with NASH. The aim of this study was to investigate whether two novel TRβ agonists, the prodrug TG68 and the active compound IS25 could stimulate hepatocyte proliferation without T3/TRα-dependent side effects. METHODS Rats were treated with three different doses (12.5, 25 and 50 μg/100 g body weight) for one week. Hepatocyte proliferation, liver injury and serum biochemical parameters were measured by immunohistochemistry, qRT-PCR and Western blot. RESULTS Both drugs increased hepatocyte proliferation as assessed by bromodeoxyuridine incorporation (from 14% to 28% vs 5% of controls) and mitotic activity. Enhanced proliferation occurred in the absence of significant signs of liver injury as shown by lack of increased serum transaminase levels or of apoptosis. No cardiac or renal hypertrophy typically associated with treatment with T3 was observed. Importantly, no proliferation of pancreatic acinar cells, such as that seen after administration of T3 or the TRβ agonist GC1 was detected following either TG68 or IS25, demonstrating the hepato-specificity of these novel TRβ agonists. CONCLUSIONS The present study shows that TG68 and IS25 induce massive hepatocyte proliferation without overt toxicity. Hence, these agents may have a significant clinical application for regenerative therapies in liver transplantation or other surgical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Perra
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Unit of Oncology and Molecular Pathology, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Marta Anna Kowalik
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Unit of Oncology and Molecular Pathology, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Lavinia Cabras
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Unit of Oncology and Molecular Pathology, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | | | - Simona Sestito
- Department of Pathology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Cristina Migliore
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.,Institute-FPO, IRCCS, Italy
| | - Silvia Giordano
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.,Institute-FPO, IRCCS, Italy
| | | | | | - Amedeo Columbano
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Unit of Oncology and Molecular Pathology, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
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2
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Kosar K, Cornuet P, Singh S, Liu S, Nejak-Bowen K. The Thyromimetic Sobetirome (GC-1) Alters Bile Acid Metabolism in a Mouse Model of Hepatic Cholestasis. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2020; 190:1006-1017. [PMID: 32205094 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2020.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Chronic cholestasis results from bile secretory defects or impaired bile flow with few effective medical therapies available. Thyroid hormone triiodothyronine and synthetic thyroid hormone receptor agonists, such as sobetirome (GC-1), are known to impact lipid and bile acid (BA) metabolism and induce hepatocyte proliferation downstream of Wnt/β-catenin signaling after surgical resection; however, these drugs have yet to be studied as potential therapeutics for cholestatic liver disease. Herein, GC-1 was administered to ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 4 (Abcb4-/-; Mdr2-/-) knockout (KO) mice, a sclerosing cholangitis model. KO mice fed GC-1 diet for 2 and 4 weeks had decreased serum alkaline phosphatase but increased serum transaminases compared with KO alone. KO mice on GC-1 also had higher levels of total liver BA due to alterations in expression of BA detoxification, transport, and synthesis genes, with the net result being retention of BA in the hepatocytes. Interestingly, GC-1 does not induce hepatocyte proliferation or Wnt/β-catenin signaling in KO mice, likely a result of decreased thyroid hormone receptor β expression without Mdr2. Therefore, although GC-1 treatment induces a mild protection against biliary injury in the early stages of treatment, it comes at the expense of hepatocyte injury and is suboptimal because of lower expression of thyroid hormone receptor β. Thus, thyromimetics may have limited therapeutic benefits in treating cholestatic liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karis Kosar
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Pamela Cornuet
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Sucha Singh
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Silvia Liu
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Kari Nejak-Bowen
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
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3
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Velayutham N, Agnew EJ, Yutzey KE. Postnatal Cardiac Development and Regenerative Potential in Large Mammals. Pediatr Cardiol 2019; 40:1345-1358. [PMID: 31346664 PMCID: PMC6786953 DOI: 10.1007/s00246-019-02163-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The neonatal capacity for cardiac regeneration in mice is well studied and has been used to develop many potential strategies for adult cardiac regenerative repair following injury. However, translating these findings from rodents to designing regenerative therapeutics for adult human heart disease remains elusive. Large mammals including pigs, dogs, and sheep are widely used as animal models of humans in preclinical trials of new cardiac drugs and devices. However, very little is known about the fundamental cardiac cell biology and the timing of postnatal cardiac events that influence cardiomyocyte proliferation in these animals. There is emerging evidence that external physiological and environmental cues could be the key to understanding cardiomyocyte proliferative behavior. In this review, we survey available literature on postnatal development in various large mammal models to offer a perspective on the physiological and cellular characteristics that could be regulating cardiomyocyte proliferation. Similarities and differences between developmental milestones, cardiomyocyte maturational events, as well as environmental cues regulating cardiac development, are discussed for various large mammals, with a focus on postnatal cardiac regenerative potential and translatability to the human heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nivedhitha Velayutham
- Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, The Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, ML7020, 240 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
- Molecular and Developmental Biology Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Emma J Agnew
- Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, The Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, ML7020, 240 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Katherine E Yutzey
- Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, The Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, ML7020, 240 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA.
- Molecular and Developmental Biology Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
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4
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Malagola E, Chen R, Bombardo M, Saponara E, Dentice M, Salvatore D, Reding T, Myers S, Hills AP, Graf R, Sonda S. Local hyperthyroidism promotes pancreatic acinar cell proliferation during acute pancreatitis. J Pathol 2019; 248:217-229. [PMID: 30714146 DOI: 10.1002/path.5247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Proliferation of pancreatic acinar cells is a critical process in the pathophysiology of pancreatic diseases, because limited or defective proliferation is associated with organ dysfunction and patient morbidity. In this context, elucidating the signalling pathways that trigger and sustain acinar proliferation is pivotal to develop therapeutic interventions promoting the regenerative process of the organ. In this study we used genetic and pharmacological approaches to manipulate both local and systemic levels of thyroid hormones to elucidate their role in acinar proliferation following caerulein-mediated acute pancreatitis in mice. In addition, molecular mechanisms mediating the effects of thyroid hormones were identified by genetic and pharmacological inactivation of selected signalling pathways.In this study we demonstrated that levels of the thyroid hormone 3,3',5-triiodo-l-thyronine (T3) transiently increased in the pancreas during acute pancreatitis. Moreover, by using genetic and pharmacological approaches to manipulate both local and systemic levels of thyroid hormones, we showed that T3 was required to promote proliferation of pancreatic acinar cells, without affecting the extent of tissue damage or inflammatory infiltration.Finally, upon genetic and pharmacological inactivation of selected signalling pathways, we demonstrated that T3 exerted its mitogenic effect on acinar cells via a tightly controlled action on different molecular effectors, including histone deacetylase, AKT, and TGFβ signalling.In conclusion, our data suggest that local availability of T3 in the pancreas is required to promote acinar cell proliferation and provide the rationale to exploit thyroid hormone signalling to enhance pancreatic regeneration. Copyright © 2019 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ermanno Malagola
- Swiss Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Center, Department of Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Rong Chen
- Swiss Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Center, Department of Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marta Bombardo
- Swiss Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Center, Department of Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Enrica Saponara
- Swiss Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Center, Department of Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Monica Dentice
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Domenico Salvatore
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Theresia Reding
- Swiss Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Center, Department of Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stephen Myers
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Australia
| | - Andrew P Hills
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Australia
| | - Rolf Graf
- Swiss Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Center, Department of Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland.,Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sabrina Sonda
- Swiss Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Center, Department of Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland.,School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Australia.,Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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5
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Puliga E, Min Q, Tao J, Zhang R, Pradhan-Sundd T, Poddar M, Singh S, Columbano A, Yu J, Monga SP. Thyroid Hormone Receptor-β Agonist GC-1 Inhibits Met-β-Catenin-Driven Hepatocellular Cancer. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2017; 187:2473-2485. [PMID: 28807594 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2017.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2017] [Revised: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The thyromimetic agent GC-1 induces hepatocyte proliferation via Wnt/β-catenin signaling and may promote regeneration in both acute and chronic liver insufficiencies. However, β-catenin activation due to mutations in CTNNB1 is seen in a subset of hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC). Thus, it is critical to address any effect of GC-1 on HCC growth and development before its use can be advocated to stimulate regeneration in chronic liver diseases. In this study, we first examined the effect of GC-1 on β-catenin-T cell factor 4 activity in HCC cell lines harboring wild-type or mutated-CTNNB1. Next, we assessed the effect of GC-1 on HCC in FVB mice generated by hydrodynamic tail vein injection of hMet-S45Y-β-catenin, using the sleeping beauty transposon-transposase. Four weeks following injection, mice were fed 5 mg/kg GC-1 or basal diet for 10 or 21 days. GC-1 treatment showed no effect on β-catenin-T cell factor 4 activity in HCC cells, irrespective of CTNNB1 mutations. Treatment with GC-1 for 10 or 21 days led to a significant reduction in tumor burden, associated with decreased tumor cell proliferation and dramatic decreases in phospho-(p-)Met (Y1234/1235), p-extracellular signal-related kinase, and p-STAT3 without affecting β-catenin and its downstream targets. GC-1 exerts a notable antitumoral effect on hMet-S45Y-β-catenin HCC by inactivating Met signaling. GC-1 does not promote β-catenin activation in HCC. Thus, GC-1 may be safe for use in inducing regeneration during chronic hepatic insufficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Puliga
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Qian Min
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Junyan Tao
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Rong Zhang
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Tirthadipa Pradhan-Sundd
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Minakshi Poddar
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Sucha Singh
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Amedeo Columbano
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Jinming Yu
- Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Jinan, China.
| | - Satdarshan P Monga
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
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6
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Akerberg AA, Henner A, Stewart S, Stankunas K. Histone demethylases Kdm6ba and Kdm6bb redundantly promote cardiomyocyte proliferation during zebrafish heart ventricle maturation. Dev Biol 2017; 426:84-96. [PMID: 28372944 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2017.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Trimethylation of lysine 27 on histone 3 (H3K27me3) by the Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) contributes to localized and inherited transcriptional repression. Kdm6b (Jmjd3) is a H3K27me3 demethylase that can relieve repression-associated H3K27me3 marks, thereby supporting activation of previously silenced genes. Kdm6b is proposed to contribute to early developmental cell fate specification, cardiovascular differentiation, and/or later steps of organogenesis, including endochondral bone formation and lung development. We pursued loss-of-function studies in zebrafish to define the conserved developmental roles of Kdm6b. kdm6ba and kdm6bb homozygous deficient zebrafish are each viable and fertile. However, loss of both kdm6ba and kdm6bb shows Kdm6b proteins share redundant and pleiotropic roles in organogenesis without impacting initial cell fate specification. In the developing heart, co-expressed Kdm6b proteins promote cardiomyocyte proliferation coupled with the initial stages of cardiac trabeculation. While newly formed trabecular cardiomyocytes display a striking transient decrease in bulk cellular H3K27me3 levels, this demethylation is independent of collective Kdm6b. Our results indicate a restricted and likely locus-specific role for Kdm6b demethylases during heart ventricle maturation rather than initial cardiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander A Akerberg
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403-1229, United States; Department of Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403-1229, United States
| | - Astra Henner
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403-1229, United States
| | - Scott Stewart
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403-1229, United States
| | - Kryn Stankunas
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403-1229, United States; Department of Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403-1229, United States.
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7
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Deng SB, Jing XD, Wei XM, Du JL, Liu YJ, Qin Q, She Q. Triiodothyronine promotes the proliferation of epicardial progenitor cells through the MAPK/ERK pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 486:372-377. [PMID: 28315333 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.03.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid hormone has important functions in the development and physiological function of the heart. The aim of this study was to determine whether 3,5,3'-Triiodothyronine (T3) can promote the proliferation of epicardial progenitor cells (EPCs) and to investigate the potential underlying mechanism. Our results showed that T3 significantly promoted the proliferation of EPCs in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. The thyroid hormone nuclear receptor inhibitor bisphenol A (100 μmol/L) did not affect T3's ability to induce proliferation. Further studies showed that the mRNA expression levels of mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 (MAPK1), MAPK3, and Ki67 in EPCs in the T3 group (10 nmol/L) increased 2.9-, 3-, and 4.1-fold, respectively, compared with those in the control group (P < 0.05). In addition, the mRNA expression of the cell cycle protein cyclin D1 in the T3 group increased approximately 2-fold compared with the control group (P < 0.05), and there were more EPCs in the S phase of the cell cycle (20.6% vs. 12.0%, P < 0.05). The mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MAPK/ERK) signaling pathway inhibitor U0126 (10 μmol/L) significantly inhibited the ability of T3 to promote the proliferation of EPCs and to alter cell cycle progression. This study suggested that T3 significantly promotes the proliferation of EPCs, and this effect may be achieved through activation of the MAPK/ERK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song-Bai Deng
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Jing
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Wei
- Department of Cardiology, People's Hospital of Nanchuan District, Chongqing, 408400, China
| | - Jian-Lin Du
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Ya-Jie Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Qin Qin
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Qiang She
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
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8
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Alpay HC, Kalidag T, Keles E, Kaygusuz I, Yalcin S, Kapusuz Z. The effects of fine-needle biopsy on thyroid hormone levels. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2016; 136:942-5. [PMID: 17547984 DOI: 10.1016/j.otohns.2006.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2006] [Accepted: 12/13/2006] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Objective Our study aim was to investigate the effects of fine-needle biopsy used for thyroid nodules on serum thyroid hormone levels. Study Design A total of 25 patients who had solid nodules of the thyroid gland and normal thyroid hormone levels underwent diagnostic fine-needle biopsy for a nodule of the thyroid gland. Methods Venous blood samples were drawn from the cases for measurement of serum total T3 and T4, free T3 and T4, thyroid-stimulating hormone, and thyroglobulin levels before, immediately after, and 30 minutes after the initial biopsy. Results Total T3 and thyroglobulin levels were found to be significantly higher immediately and 30 minutes following fine-needle aspiration biopsy, compared to the baseline levels ( P < 0.05). Conclusion Prelminary data suggest that thryoid hormone levels show a mean increase of about 20% immediately after fine-needle aspiration. Significance The implication of this finding on patient care should be determined on an individual basis. © 2007 American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Foundation. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Cengiz Alpay
- Firat University Medical Faculty, Otorhinolaryngology Department, Elaziğ, Turkey.
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9
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Alvarado TF, Puliga E, Preziosi M, Poddar M, Singh S, Columbano A, Nejak-Bowen K, Monga SPS. Thyroid Hormone Receptor β Agonist Induces β-Catenin-Dependent Hepatocyte Proliferation in Mice: Implications in Hepatic Regeneration. Gene Expr 2016; 17:19-34. [PMID: 27226410 PMCID: PMC5215473 DOI: 10.3727/105221616x691631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Triiodothyronine (T3) induces hepatocyte proliferation in rodents. Recent work has shown molecular mechanism for T3's mitogenic effect to be through activation of β-catenin signaling. Since systemic side effects of T3 may preclude its clinical use, and hepatocytes mostly express T3 hormone receptor β (TRβ), we investigated if selective TRβ agonists like GC-1 may also have β-catenin-dependent hepatocyte mitogenic effects. Here we studied the effect of GC-1 and T3 in conditional knockouts of various Wnt pathway components. We also assessed any regenerative advantage of T3 or GC-1 when given prior to partial hepatectomy in mice. Mice administered GC-1 showed increased pSer675-β-catenin, cyclin D1, BrdU incorporation, and PCNA. No abnormalities in liver function tests were noted. GC-1-injected liver-specific β-catenin knockouts (β-catenin LKO) showed decreased proliferation when compared to wild-type littermates. To address if Wnt signaling was required for T3- or GC-1-mediated hepatocyte proliferation, we used LRP5-6-LKO, which lacks the two redundant Wnt coreceptors. Surprisingly, decreased hepatocyte proliferation was also evident in LRP5-6-LKO in response to T3 and GC-1, despite increased pSer675-β-catenin. Further, increased levels of active β-catenin (hypophosphorylated at Ser33, Ser37, and Thr41) were evident after T3 and GC-1 treatment. Finally, mice pretreated with T3 or GC-1 for 7 days followed by partial hepatectomy showed a significant increase in hepatocyte proliferation both at the time (T0) and 24 h after surgery. In conclusion, like T3, TRβ-selective agonists induce hepatocyte proliferation through β-catenin activation via both PKA- and Wnt-dependent mechanisms and confer a regenerative advantage following surgical resection. Hence, these agents may be useful regenerative therapies in liver transplantation or other surgical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Feliciano Alvarado
- *Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Elisabetta Puliga
- †Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- ‡Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Morgan Preziosi
- †Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Minakshi Poddar
- †Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Sucha Singh
- †Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Amedeo Columbano
- ‡Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Kari Nejak-Bowen
- †Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Satdarshan P. S. Monga
- †Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- §Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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10
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Zampieri A, Champagne J, Auzemery B, Fuentes I, Maurel B, Bienvenu F. Hyper sensitive protein detection by Tandem-HTRF reveals Cyclin D1 dynamics in adult mouse. Sci Rep 2015; 5:15739. [PMID: 26503526 PMCID: PMC4622077 DOI: 10.1038/srep15739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We present here a novel method for the semi-quantitative detection of low abundance proteins in solution that is both fast and simple. It is based on Homogenous Time Resolved Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (HTRF), between a lanthanide labeled donor antibody and a d2 or XL665 labeled acceptor antibody that are both raised against different epitopes of the same target. This novel approach we termed “Tandem-HTRF”, can specifically reveal rare polypeptides from only a few microliters of cellular lysate within one hour in a 384-well plate format. Using this sensitive approach, we observed surprisingly that the core cell cycle regulator Cyclin D1 is sustained in fully developed adult organs and harbors an unexpected expression pattern affected by environmental challenge. Thus our method, Tandem-HTRF offers a promising way to investigate subtle variations in the dynamics of sparse proteins from limited biological material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Zampieri
- CNRS, UMR-5203, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Montpellier, F-34094, France.,INSERM, U1191, Montpellier, F-34094, France.,Université de Montpellier, UMR-5203, Montpellier, F-34094, France
| | - Julien Champagne
- CNRS, UMR-5203, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Montpellier, F-34094, France.,INSERM, U1191, Montpellier, F-34094, France.,Université de Montpellier, UMR-5203, Montpellier, F-34094, France
| | - Baptiste Auzemery
- CNRS, UMR-5203, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Montpellier, F-34094, France.,INSERM, U1191, Montpellier, F-34094, France.,Université de Montpellier, UMR-5203, Montpellier, F-34094, France
| | - Ivanna Fuentes
- CNRS, UMR-5203, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Montpellier, F-34094, France.,INSERM, U1191, Montpellier, F-34094, France.,Université de Montpellier, UMR-5203, Montpellier, F-34094, France
| | - Benjamin Maurel
- CNRS, UMR-5203, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Montpellier, F-34094, France.,INSERM, U1191, Montpellier, F-34094, France.,Université de Montpellier, UMR-5203, Montpellier, F-34094, France
| | - Frédéric Bienvenu
- CNRS, UMR-5203, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Montpellier, F-34094, France.,INSERM, U1191, Montpellier, F-34094, France.,Université de Montpellier, UMR-5203, Montpellier, F-34094, France.,Laboratory of Excellence from genome and epigenome to molecular medicine (EpiGenMed), F-34094 Montpellier, France
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11
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Sterle HA, Valli E, Cayrol F, Paulazo MA, Martinel Lamas DJ, Diaz Flaqué MC, Klecha AJ, Colombo L, Medina VA, Cremaschi GA, Barreiro Arcos ML. Thyroid status modulates T lymphoma growth via cell cycle regulatory proteins and angiogenesis. J Endocrinol 2014; 222:243-55. [PMID: 24928937 DOI: 10.1530/joe-14-0159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
We have shown in vitro that thyroid hormones (THs) regulate the balance between proliferation and apoptosis of T lymphoma cells. The effects of THs on tumor development have been studied, but the results are still controversial. Herein, we show the modulatory action of thyroid status on the in vivo growth of T lymphoma cells. For this purpose, euthyroid, hypothyroid, and hyperthyroid mice received inoculations of EL4 cells to allow the development of solid tumors. Tumors in the hyperthyroid animals exhibited a higher growth rate, as evidenced by the early appearance of palpable solid tumors and the increased tumor volume. These results are consistent with the rate of cell division determined by staining tumor cells with carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester. Additionally, hyperthyroid mice exhibited reduced survival. Hypothyroid mice did not differ significantly from the euthyroid controls with respect to these parameters. Additionally, only tumors from hyperthyroid animals had increased expression levels of proliferating cell nuclear antigen and active caspase 3. Differential expression of cell cycle regulatory proteins was also observed. The levels of cyclins D1 and D3 were augmented in the tumors of the hyperthyroid animals, whereas the cell cycle inhibitors p16/INK4A (CDKN2A) and p27/Kip1 (CDKN1B) and the tumor suppressor p53 (TRP53) were increased in hypothyroid mice. Intratumoral and peritumoral vasculogenesis was increased only in hyperthyroid mice. Therefore, we propose that the thyroid status modulates the in vivo growth of EL4 T lymphoma through the regulation of cyclin, cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, and tumor suppressor gene expression, as well as the stimulation of angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- H A Sterle
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (BIOMED)Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina (UCA), Av. A. Moreau de Justo 1600, 3er piso, 1107AFF Buenos Aires, ArgentinaCentro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos (CEFYBO)CONICET, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, ArgentinaLaboratorio de RadioisótoposFacultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, ArgentinaArea de InvestigaciónInstituto de Oncología 'Angel H. Roffo', Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), CONICET, Buenos Aires, ArgentinaDepartamento de Química BiológicaFacultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - E Valli
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (BIOMED)Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina (UCA), Av. A. Moreau de Justo 1600, 3er piso, 1107AFF Buenos Aires, ArgentinaCentro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos (CEFYBO)CONICET, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, ArgentinaLaboratorio de RadioisótoposFacultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, ArgentinaArea de InvestigaciónInstituto de Oncología 'Angel H. Roffo', Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), CONICET, Buenos Aires, ArgentinaDepartamento de Química BiológicaFacultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - F Cayrol
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (BIOMED)Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina (UCA), Av. A. Moreau de Justo 1600, 3er piso, 1107AFF Buenos Aires, ArgentinaCentro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos (CEFYBO)CONICET, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, ArgentinaLaboratorio de RadioisótoposFacultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, ArgentinaArea de InvestigaciónInstituto de Oncología 'Angel H. Roffo', Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), CONICET, Buenos Aires, ArgentinaDepartamento de Química BiológicaFacultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M A Paulazo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (BIOMED)Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina (UCA), Av. A. Moreau de Justo 1600, 3er piso, 1107AFF Buenos Aires, ArgentinaCentro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos (CEFYBO)CONICET, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, ArgentinaLaboratorio de RadioisótoposFacultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, ArgentinaArea de InvestigaciónInstituto de Oncología 'Angel H. Roffo', Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), CONICET, Buenos Aires, ArgentinaDepartamento de Química BiológicaFacultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - D J Martinel Lamas
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (BIOMED)Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina (UCA), Av. A. Moreau de Justo 1600, 3er piso, 1107AFF Buenos Aires, ArgentinaCentro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos (CEFYBO)CONICET, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, ArgentinaLaboratorio de RadioisótoposFacultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, ArgentinaArea de InvestigaciónInstituto de Oncología 'Angel H. Roffo', Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), CONICET, Buenos Aires, ArgentinaDepartamento de Química BiológicaFacultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M C Diaz Flaqué
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (BIOMED)Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina (UCA), Av. A. Moreau de Justo 1600, 3er piso, 1107AFF Buenos Aires, ArgentinaCentro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos (CEFYBO)CONICET, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, ArgentinaLaboratorio de RadioisótoposFacultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, ArgentinaArea de InvestigaciónInstituto de Oncología 'Angel H. Roffo', Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), CONICET, Buenos Aires, ArgentinaDepartamento de Química BiológicaFacultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - A J Klecha
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (BIOMED)Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina (UCA), Av. A. Moreau de Justo 1600, 3er piso, 1107AFF Buenos Aires, ArgentinaCentro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos (CEFYBO)CONICET, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, ArgentinaLaboratorio de RadioisótoposFacultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, ArgentinaArea de InvestigaciónInstituto de Oncología 'Angel H. Roffo', Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), CONICET, Buenos Aires, ArgentinaDepartamento de Química BiológicaFacultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - L Colombo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (BIOMED)Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina (UCA), Av. A. Moreau de Justo 1600, 3er piso, 1107AFF Buenos Aires, ArgentinaCentro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos (CEFYBO)CONICET, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, ArgentinaLaboratorio de RadioisótoposFacultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, ArgentinaArea de InvestigaciónInstituto de Oncología 'Angel H. Roffo', Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), CONICET, Buenos Aires, ArgentinaDepartamento de Química BiológicaFacultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - V A Medina
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (BIOMED)Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina (UCA), Av. A. Moreau de Justo 1600, 3er piso, 1107AFF Buenos Aires, ArgentinaCentro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos (CEFYBO)CONICET, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, ArgentinaLaboratorio de RadioisótoposFacultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, ArgentinaArea de InvestigaciónInstituto de Oncología 'Angel H. Roffo', Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), CONICET, Buenos Aires, ArgentinaDepartamento de Química BiológicaFacultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - G A Cremaschi
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (BIOMED)Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina (UCA), Av. A. Moreau de Justo 1600, 3er piso, 1107AFF Buenos Aires, ArgentinaCentro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos (CEFYBO)CONICET, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, ArgentinaLaboratorio de RadioisótoposFacultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, ArgentinaArea de InvestigaciónInstituto de Oncología 'Angel H. Roffo', Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), CONICET, Buenos Aires, ArgentinaDepartamento de Química BiológicaFacultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, ArgentinaInstituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (BIOMED)Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina (UCA), Av. A. Moreau de Justo 1600, 3er piso, 1107AFF Buenos Aires, ArgentinaCentro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos (CEFYBO)CONICET, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, ArgentinaLaboratorio de RadioisótoposFacultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, ArgentinaArea de InvestigaciónInstituto de Oncología 'Angel H. Roffo', Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), CONICET, Buenos Aires, ArgentinaDepartamento de Química BiológicaFacultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M L Barreiro Arcos
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (BIOMED)Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina (UCA), Av. A. Moreau de Justo 1600, 3er piso, 1107AFF Buenos Aires, ArgentinaCentro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos (CEFYBO)CONICET, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, ArgentinaLaboratorio de RadioisótoposFacultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, ArgentinaArea de InvestigaciónInstituto de Oncología 'Angel H. Roffo', Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), CONICET, Buenos Aires, ArgentinaDepartamento de Química BiológicaFacultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, ArgentinaInstituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (BIOMED)Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina (UCA), Av. A. Moreau de Justo 1600, 3er piso, 1107AFF Buenos Aires, ArgentinaCentro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos (CEFYBO)CONICET, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, ArgentinaLaboratorio de RadioisótoposFacultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, ArgentinaArea de InvestigaciónInstituto de Oncología 'Angel H. Roffo', Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), CONICET, Buenos Aires, ArgentinaDepartamento de Química BiológicaFacultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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12
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Li M, Iismaa SE, Naqvi N, Nicks A, Husain A, Graham RM. Thyroid hormone action in postnatal heart development. Stem Cell Res 2014; 13:582-91. [PMID: 25087894 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2014.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Revised: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid hormone is a critical regulator of cardiac growth and development, both in fetal life and postnatally. Here we review the role of thyroid hormone in postnatal cardiac development, given recent insights into its role in stimulating a burst of cardiomyocyte proliferation in the murine heart in preadolescence; a response required to meet the massive increase in circulatory demand predicated by an almost quadrupling of body weight during a period of about 21 days from birth to adolescence. Importantly, thyroid hormone metabolism is altered by chronic diseases, such as heart failure and ischemic heart disease, as well as in very sick children requiring surgery for congenital heart diseases, which results in low T3 syndrome that impairs cardiovascular function and is associated with a poor prognosis. Therapy with T3 or thyroid hormone analogs has been shown to improve cardiac contractility; however, the mechanism is as yet unknown. Given the postnatal cardiomyocyte mitogenic potential of T3, its ability to enhance cardiac function by promoting cardiomyocyte proliferation warrants further consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Li
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Siiri E Iismaa
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia; University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW 2033, Australia
| | - Nawazish Naqvi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Amy Nicks
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia; University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Ahsan Husain
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
| | - Robert M Graham
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia; University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW 2033, Australia.
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13
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Campinho MA, Saraiva J, Florindo C, Power DM. Maternal thyroid hormones are essential for neural development in zebrafish. Mol Endocrinol 2014; 28:1136-49. [PMID: 24877564 DOI: 10.1210/me.2014-1032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Teleost eggs contain an abundant store of maternal thyroid hormones (THs), and early in zebrafish embryonic development, all the genes necessary for TH signaling are expressed. Nonetheless the function of THs in embryonic development remains elusive. To test the hypothesis that THs are fundamental for zebrafish embryonic development, an monocarboxilic transporter 8 (Mct8) knockdown strategy was deployed to prevent maternal TH uptake. Absence of maternal THs did not affect early specification of the neural epithelia but profoundly modified later dorsal specification of the brain and spinal cord as well as specific neuron differentiation. Maternal THs acted upstream of pax2a, pax7, and pax8 genes but downstream of shha and fgf8a signaling. The lack of inhibitory spinal cord interneurons and increased motoneurons in the mct8 morphants is consistent with their stiff axial body and impaired mobility. The mct8 mutations are associated with X-linked mental retardation in humans, and the cellular and molecular consequences of MCT8 knockdown during embryonic development in zebrafish provides new insight into the potential role of THs in this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco A Campinho
- Comparative Endocrinology and Integrative Biology Group (M.A.C., J.S., D.M.P.), Centre of Marine Sciences, and Departamento de Ciências Biomédicas e Medicina and Centro de Biomedicina Molecular e Estrutural (C.F.), Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
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14
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Barreiro Arcos ML, Sterle HA, Vercelli C, Valli E, Cayrol MF, Klecha AJ, Paulazo MA, Diaz Flaqué MC, Franchi AM, Cremaschi GA. Induction of apoptosis in T lymphoma cells by long-term treatment with thyroxine involves PKCζ nitration by nitric oxide synthase. Apoptosis 2014; 18:1376-1390. [PMID: 23733107 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-013-0869-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid hormones are important regulators of cell physiology, inducing cell proliferation, differentiation or apoptosis, depending on the cell type. Thyroid hormones induce proliferation in short-term T lymphocyte cultures. In this study, we assessed the effect of long-term thyroxine (T4) treatment on the balance of proliferation and apoptosis and the intermediate participants in T lymphoma cells. Treatment with T4 affected this balance from the fifth day of culture, inhibiting proliferation in a time-dependent manner. This effect was associated with apoptosis induction, as characterized through nuclear morphological changes, DNA fragmentation, and Annexin V-FITC/Propidium Iodide co-staining. In addition, increased iNOS gene and protein levels, and enzyme activity were observed. The generation of reactive oxygen species, depolarization of the mitochondrial membrane, and a reduction in glutathione levels were also observed. The imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants species is typically associated with the nitration of proteins, including PKCζ, an isoenzyme essential for lymphoma cell division and survival. Consistently, evidence of PKCζ nitration via proteasome degradation was also observed in this study. Taken together, these results suggest that the long-term culture of T lymphoma cells with T4 induces apoptosis through the increased production of oxidative species resulting from both augmented iNOS activity and the loss of mitochondrial function. These species induce the nitration of proteins involved in cell viability, promoting proteasome degradation. Furthermore, we discuss the impact of these results on the modulation of T lymphoma growth and the thyroid status in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Barreiro Arcos
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina (UCA), CONICET, Alicia M. de Justo 1600 3° piso, CABA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - H A Sterle
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina (UCA), CONICET, Alicia M. de Justo 1600 3° piso, CABA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - C Vercelli
- Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - E Valli
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina (UCA), CONICET, Alicia M. de Justo 1600 3° piso, CABA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M F Cayrol
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina (UCA), CONICET, Alicia M. de Justo 1600 3° piso, CABA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - A J Klecha
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina (UCA), CONICET, Alicia M. de Justo 1600 3° piso, CABA, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Laboratorio de Radioisótopos, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M A Paulazo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina (UCA), CONICET, Alicia M. de Justo 1600 3° piso, CABA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M C Diaz Flaqué
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina (UCA), CONICET, Alicia M. de Justo 1600 3° piso, CABA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - A M Franchi
- Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos (CEFYBO), CONICET, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - G A Cremaschi
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina (UCA), CONICET, Alicia M. de Justo 1600 3° piso, CABA, Buenos Aires, Argentina. .,Laboratorio de Radioisótopos, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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15
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Li Y, Shen D, Tang X, Li X, Wo D, Yan H, Song R, Feng J, Li P, Zhang J, Li J. Chlorogenic acid prevents isoproterenol-induced hypertrophy in neonatal rat myocytes. Toxicol Lett 2014; 226:257-63. [PMID: 24583048 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2014.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Revised: 02/19/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac hypertrophy is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease and its subsequent progression to heart failure represents a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the world. CGA is an important component of Chinese herbal medicine, acting as an antioxidant, scavenging free radicals and preventing inflammation. This study found that with the pre-treatment of chlorogenic acid in Iso-induced neonatal rat myocytes, the levels of the hypertrophic markers, ANP, BNP and β-MHC decreased. The nuclear translocation of NF-κB was blocked, whereas NF-κBIA, an inhibitor of NF-κB, was upregulated accordingly. And the level of the intracellular ROS was also reduced. These data reveal that chlorogenic acid may inhibit Iso-induced cardiac hypertrophy by attenuating NF-κB signaling pathway and suppressing ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfei Li
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China; Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dan Shen
- Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaomei Tang
- Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Li
- Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Da Wo
- Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongwei Yan
- Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Song
- Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Feng
- Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Li
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jue Li
- Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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16
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Gentilini D, Mari D, Castaldi D, Remondini D, Ogliari G, Ostan R, Bucci L, Sirchia SM, Tabano S, Cavagnini F, Monti D, Franceschi C, Di Blasio AM, Vitale G. Role of epigenetics in human aging and longevity: genome-wide DNA methylation profile in centenarians and centenarians' offspring. AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2013; 35:1961-73. [PMID: 22923132 PMCID: PMC3776126 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-012-9463-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2012] [Accepted: 07/24/2012] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The role of epigenetics in the modulation of longevity has not been studied in humans. To this aim, (1) we evaluated the DNA methylation from peripheral leukocytes of 21 female centenarians, their 21 female offspring, 21 offspring of both non-long-lived parents, and 21 young women through ELISA assay, pyrosequencing analysis of Alu sequences, and quantification of methylation in CpG repeats outside CpG islands; (2) we compared the DNA methylation profiles of these populations through Infinium array for genome-wide CpG methylation analysis. We observed an age-related decrease in global DNA methylation and a delay of this process in centenarians' offspring. Interestingly, literature data suggest a link between the loss of DNA methylation observed during aging and the development of age-associated diseases. Genome-wide methylation analysis evidenced DNA methylation profiles specific for aging and longevity: (1) aging-associated DNA hypermethylation occurs predominantly in genes involved in the development of anatomical structures, organs, and multicellular organisms and in the regulation of transcription; (2) genes involved in nucleotide biosynthesis, metabolism, and control of signal transmission are differently methylated between centenarians' offspring and offspring of both non-long-lived parents, hypothesizing a role for these genes in human longevity. Our results suggest that a better preservation of DNA methylation status, a slower cell growing/metabolism, and a better control in signal transmission through epigenetic mechanisms may be involved in the process of human longevity. These data fit well with the observations related to the beneficial effects of mild hypothyroidism and insulin-like growth factor I system impairment on the modulation of human lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Gentilini
- />Centro di Ricerche e Tecnologie Biomediche, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Via Zucchi 18, Cusano Milanino, 20095 Milan, Italy
| | - Daniela Mari
- />Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- />Geriatric Unit, IRCCS Ca’ Granda Foundation Maggiore Policlinico Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Davide Castaldi
- />Centro di Ricerche e Tecnologie Biomediche, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Via Zucchi 18, Cusano Milanino, 20095 Milan, Italy
- />Dipartimento di Informatica, Sistemistica e Comunicazione, Universita’ degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Giulia Ogliari
- />Geriatric Unit, IRCCS Ca’ Granda Foundation Maggiore Policlinico Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Rita Ostan
- />Department of Experimental Pathology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- />CIG-Interdepartmental Center “L. Galvani”, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Laura Bucci
- />Department of Experimental Pathology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- />CIG-Interdepartmental Center “L. Galvani”, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Silvia M. Sirchia
- />Medical Genetics Unit, Dipartimento di Medicina, Chirurgia e Odontoiatria, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Tabano
- />Medical Genetics Unit, Dipartimento di Medicina, Chirurgia e Odontoiatria, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Cavagnini
- />Centro di Ricerche e Tecnologie Biomediche, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Via Zucchi 18, Cusano Milanino, 20095 Milan, Italy
| | - Daniela Monti
- />Department of Experimental Pathology and Oncology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Claudio Franceschi
- />Department of Experimental Pathology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- />CIG-Interdepartmental Center “L. Galvani”, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Di Blasio
- />Centro di Ricerche e Tecnologie Biomediche, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Via Zucchi 18, Cusano Milanino, 20095 Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Vitale
- />Centro di Ricerche e Tecnologie Biomediche, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Via Zucchi 18, Cusano Milanino, 20095 Milan, Italy
- />Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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17
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Segar JL, Volk KA, Lipman MHB, Scholz TD. Thyroid hormone is required for growth adaptation to pressure load in the ovine fetal heart. Exp Physiol 2012; 98:722-33. [PMID: 23104936 DOI: 10.1113/expphysiol.2012.069435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Thyroid hormone exerts broad effects on the adult heart, but little is known regarding the role of thyroid hormone in the regulation of cardiac growth early in development and in response to pathophysiological conditions. To address this issue, we determined the effects of fetal thyroidectomy on cardiac growth and growth-related gene expression in control and pulmonary-artery-banded fetal sheep. Fetal thyroidectomy (THX) and/or placement of a restrictive pulmonary artery band (PAB) were performed at 126 ± 1 days of gestation (term, 145 days). Four groups of animals [n = 5-6 in each group; (i) control; (ii) fetal THX; (iii) fetal PAB; and (iv) fetal PAB + THX] were monitored for 1 week prior to being killed. Fetal heart rate was significantly lower in the two THX groups compared with the non-THX groups, while mean arterial blood pressure was similar among groups. Combined left and right ventricle free wall + septum weight, expressed per kilogram of fetal weight, was significantly increased in PAB (6.27 ± 0.85 g kg(-1)) compared with control animals (4.72 ± 0.12 g kg(-1)). Thyroidectomy significantly attenuated the increase in cardiac mass associated with PAB (4.94 ± 0.13 g kg(-1)), while THX alone had no detectable effect on heart mass (4.95 ± 0.27 g kg(-1)). The percentage of binucleated cardiomyocytes was significantly decreased in THX and PAB +THX groups (∼16%) compared with the non-THX groups (∼27%). No differences in levels of activated Akt, extracellular signal-regulated kinase or c-Jun N-terminal kinase were detected among the groups. Markers of cellular proliferation but not apoptosis or expression of growth-related genes were lower in the THX and THX+ PAB groups relative to thyroid-intact animals. These findings suggest that in the late-gestation fetal heart, thyroid hormone has important cellular growth functions in both physiological and pathophysiological states. Specifically, thyroid hormone is required for adaptive fetal cardiac growth in response to pressure overload.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey L Segar
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa Children's Hospital, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
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18
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Hotchkiss A, Robinson J, MacLean J, Feridooni T, Wafa K, Pasumarthi KBS. Role of D-type cyclins in heart development and disease. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2012; 90:1197-207. [PMID: 22900666 DOI: 10.1139/y2012-037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A defining feature of embryonic cardiomyocytes is their relatively high rates of proliferation. A gradual reduction in proliferative capacity throughout development culminates in permanent cell cycle exit by the vast majority of cardiomyocytes around the perinatal period. Accordingly, the adult heart has severely limited capacity for regeneration in response to injury or disease. The D-type cyclins (cyclin D1, D2, and D3) along with their catalytically active partners, the cyclin dependent kinases, are positive cell cycle regulators that play important roles in regulating proliferation of cardiomyocytes during normal heart development. While expression of D-type cyclins is generally low in the adult heart, expression levels are augmented in association with cardiac hypertrophy, but are uncoupled from myocyte cell division. Accordingly, re-activation of D-type cyclin expression in the adult heart has been implicated in pathophysiological processes via mechanisms distinct from those that drive proliferation during cardiac development. Growth factors and other exogenous agents regulate D-type cyclin production and activity in embryonic and adult cardiomyocytes. Understanding differences in the precise intracellular mediators downstream from these signalling molecules in embryonic versus adult cardiomyocytes could prove valuable for designing strategies to reactivate the cell cycle in cardiomyocytes in the setting of cardiovascular disease in the adult heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Hotchkiss
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
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19
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Lima JGD, Nóbrega LHC, Nóbrega MLC, Santos Júnior ACD, Fernandes FDC, Mesquita DJTMD, Souza ABCD. [Influence of thyroid function in CPK serum levels]. ARQUIVOS BRASILEIROS DE ENDOCRINOLOGIA E METABOLOGIA 2012; 56:190-4. [PMID: 22666735 DOI: 10.1590/s0004-27302012000300007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2011] [Accepted: 03/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine serum CPK variation based on TSH e free T4 (FT4), and to assess serum CPK in pathological states of the thyroid (hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism), in relation to the euthyroidism. MATERIAL AND METHODS We evaluated retrospectively 6,230 laboratory results of TSH and CPK from 2007 to 2011. From these, 3,369 had free T4 results. We evaluated the correlation between CPK and TSH and the pathological states of the thyroid. RESULTS The correlation between TSH and CPK was positive (r = 0.065), while that between CPK and FT4 was negative (r = -0.091, p < 0.05). From the total of results analyzed, 586 (9.4%) were measures of hyperthyroidism, with a median (range) of CPK of 98 U/L (27 to 1,113), and 556 (8.9%) were of hypothyroidism, with CPK of 114 U/L (25-4,182). CONCLUSION A positive correlation was found between serum CPK and TSH, and a negative correlation between CPK and FT4. CPK was lower in the group with hyperthyroidism, and greater in that with hypothyroidism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josivan Gomes de Lima
- Hospital Universitário Onofre Lopes (HUOL), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, RN, Brasil.
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20
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Klopsch C, Furlani D, Gäbel R, Pittermann E, Yerebakan C, Kaminski A, Ma N, Liebold A, Steinhoff G. Kardiale Protektion und Regeneration. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR HERZ THORAX UND GEFASSCHIRURGIE 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s00398-010-0806-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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21
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Kowalik MA, Perra A, Pibiri M, Cocco MT, Samarut J, Plateroti M, Ledda-Columbano GM, Columbano A. TRbeta is the critical thyroid hormone receptor isoform in T3-induced proliferation of hepatocytes and pancreatic acinar cells. J Hepatol 2010; 53:686-92. [PMID: 20638743 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2010.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2009] [Revised: 03/29/2010] [Accepted: 04/19/2010] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Thyroid hormones elicit many cellular and metabolic effects in various organs. Most of these actions, including mitogenesis, are mediated by the thyroid hormone 3,5,3'-triiodo-l-thyronine (T3) nuclear receptors (TRs). They are transcription factors, expressed as different isoforms encoded by the TRalpha and TRbeta genes. Here, experiments were performed to determine whether (i) T3-induces hepatocyte proliferation in mouse liver and pancreas, and, (ii) which TR isoform, is responsible for its mitogenic effect. METHODS Cell proliferation was measured by bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation after T3 or the TRbeta agonist GC-1 in liver and pancreas of CD-1, C57BL, or TRalpha(0/0) mice. Cell cycle-associated proteins were measured by Western blot. RESULTS T3 added to the diet at a concentration of 4 mg/kg caused a striking increase in BrdU incorporation in mouse hepatocytes. Increased BrdU incorporation was associated with enhanced protein levels of cyclin D1 and PCNA and decreased levels of p27. Treatment with GC-1, a selective agonist of the TRbeta isoform, also induced a strong mitogenic response of mouse hepatocytes and pancreatic acinar cells which was similar to that elicited by T3. Finally, treatment with T3 of mice TRalpha(0/0) induced a proliferative response in the liver and pancreas, similar to that of their wild type counterpart. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that T3 is a powerful inducer of cell proliferation in mouse liver and suggest that the beta-isoform is responsible for the hepatomitogenic activity of T3. The same isoform seems to also mediate the proliferation of mouse pancreatic acinar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta A Kowalik
- Department of Toxicology, Oncology and Molecular Pathology Unit, University of Cagliari, Italy
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22
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van Dijk-Ottens M, Vos IHC, Cornelissen PWA, de Bruin A, Everts ME. Thyroid hormone-induced cardiac mechano growth factor expression depends on beating activity. Endocrinology 2010; 151:830-8. [PMID: 20032059 DOI: 10.1210/en.2009-0520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The mechano growth factor (MGF), a splice variant of the IGF-I gene, was first discovered in mechanically overloaded skeletal muscle and was shown to play an important role in proliferation of muscle stem cells. Since then, the presence and effects of MGF have been demonstrated in other tissues. MGF has been shown to act neuroprotectively during brain ischemia, and pretreatment with MGF before myocardial infarction improves cardiac function. Because MGF plays a permissive role in exercise-induced skeletal muscle hypertrophy, we hypothesize that MGF is commonly involved in cardiac hypertrophy. To investigate the regulation of MGF expression in heart, mice were treated with thyroid hormone (T(3)) for 12 d to induce physiological cardiac hypertrophy. MGF mRNA expression was specifically increased in midregions of the septum and left ventricular wall. Interestingly, MGF expression strongly correlated with the increased or decreased beating frequency of hyperthyroid and hypothyroid hearts. To further investigate the mechanically dependent induction of MGF, neonatal rat cardiomyocytes were isolated and exposed to T(3). Upon T(3) treatment, cardiomyocytes increased both contractile activity measured as beats per minute and MGF as well as IGF-IEa mRNA expression. Importantly, when cardiomyocytes were contractile arrested by KCl, simultaneous exposure to T(3) prevented the up-regulation of MGF, whereas IGF-IEa was still induced. These studies demonstrated that MGF but not IGF-IEa expression is dependent on beating activity. These findings suggest that MGF is specifically stimulated by mechanical loading of the heart to mediate the hypertrophic response to thyroid hormone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam van Dijk-Ottens
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80.158, NL-3508 TD Utrecht, The Netherlands
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23
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Thyroid hormones induce cell proliferation and survival in ovarian granulosa cells COV434. J Cell Physiol 2009; 221:242-53. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.21849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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24
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Gäbel R, Klopsch C, Furlani D, Yerebakan C, Li W, Ugurlucan M, Ma N, Steinhoff G. Single high-dose intramyocardial administration of erythropoietin promotes early intracardiac proliferation, proves safety and restores cardiac performance after myocardial infarction in rats☆. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2009; 9:20-5; discussion 25. [DOI: 10.1510/icvts.2008.191916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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25
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Tamamori-Adachi M, Takagi H, Hashimoto K, Goto K, Hidaka T, Koshimizu U, Yamada K, Goto I, Maejima Y, Isobe M, Nakayama KI, Inomata N, Kitajima S. Cardiomyocyte proliferation and protection against post-myocardial infarction heart failure by cyclin D1 and Skp2 ubiquitin ligase. Cardiovasc Res 2008; 80:181-90. [PMID: 18596061 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvn183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Cyclins and other cell-cycle regulators have been used in several studies to regenerate cardiomyocytes in ischaemic heart failure. However, proliferation of cardiomyocytes induced by nuclear-targeted cyclin D1 (D1NLS) stops after one or two rounds of cell cycles due in part to accumulation of p27Kip1, an inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK). Thus, expression of S-phase kinase-associated protein 2 (Skp2), a negative regulator of p27Kip1, significantly enhances the effect of D1NLS and CDK4 on cardiomyocyte proliferation in vitro. Here, we examined whether Skp2 can also improve cardiomyocyte regeneration and post-ischaemic cardiac performance in vivo. METHODS AND RESULTS Wistar rats underwent ischaemia/reperfusion injury by ligation of the coronary artery followed by injection of adenovirus vectors for D1NLS and CDK4 with or without Skp2. Enhanced proliferation of cardiomyocytes in the presence of Skp2 was demonstrated by increased expression of Ki67, a marker of proliferating cells (1.95% vs. 4.00%), and mitotic phosphorylated histone H3 (0.24% vs. 0.58%). Compared with rats that received only D1NLS and CDK4, expression of Skp2 improved left ventricular function as measured by the maximum and minimum rates of change in left ventricular pressure, the left ventricle end-diastolic pressure, left ventricle end-diastolic volume index, and the lung/body weight ratio. CONCLUSION Expression of Skp2 enhanced the effect of D1NLS and CDK4 on the proliferation of cardiomyocytes and further contributed to improved post-ischaemic cardiac function. Skp2 might be a versatile tool to improve the effect of cyclins on post-ischaemic regeneration of cardiomyocytes in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mimi Tamamori-Adachi
- Department of Biochemical Genetics, Medical Research Institute and Laboratory for Gene Structure and Regulation, School of Biomedical Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan.
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26
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Meiners S, Dreger H, Fechner M, Bieler S, Rother W, Günther C, Baumann G, Stangl V, Stangl K. Suppression of cardiomyocyte hypertrophy by inhibition of the ubiquitin-proteasome system. Hypertension 2007; 51:302-8. [PMID: 18086945 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.107.097816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Inhibitors of the proteasome interfere with transcriptional regulation of growth signaling pathways and block cell cycle progression of mitotic cells. As growth signaling pathways are highly conserved between mitotic and postmitotic cells, we hypothesized that proteasome inhibition might also be a valuable approach to interfere with hypertrophic growth of postmitotic cardiomyocytes. To test this hypothesis, we analyzed the effects of proteasome inhibition on hypertrophic growth of neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. Partial inhibition of the proteasome effectively suppressed cardiomyocyte hypertrophy as determined by reduced cell size, inhibition of hypertrophy-mediated induction of RNA and protein synthesis, reduced expression of several hypertrophic marker genes, and diminished transcriptional activation of the BNP promotor. Importantly, suppression of hypertrophic growth was independent of the hypertrophic agonist used. Expressional profiling and subsequent Western blot and kinase assays revealed that proteasome inhibition induced a cellular stress response with reduced expression of conserved growth signaling mediators and impaired G1/S phase transition of cardiomyocytes. In hypertensive Dahl-salt sensitive rats, inhibition of the proteasome with low doses of the FDA approved proteasome inhibitor Velcade significantly reduced hypertrophic heart growth. Our data provide important insight into the suppressive effects of proteasome inhibitors on hypertrophic growth of cardiomyocytes and establish low-dose proteasome inhibition as a new and broad-spectrum approach to interfere with cardiac hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silke Meiners
- Medizinische Klinik mit Schwerpunkt Kardiologie und Angiologie, Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
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27
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Hayashi S, Inoue A. Cardiomyocytes re-enter the cell cycle and contribute to heart development after differentiation from cardiac progenitors expressing Isl1 in chick embryo. Dev Growth Differ 2007; 49:229-39. [PMID: 17394601 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-169x.2007.00923.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Cardiomyocytes are generated from the precardiac mesoderm and the size of the heart increases dramatically during embryogenesis. However, it is unclear how differentiation and proliferation correlate in the cardiac cell line during development. Here, we show that cardiomyocytes re-entered into a proliferative state after differentiation with a concomitant cell cycle arrest in chick embryo. The cells in the course of differentiation from Isl1-positive cardiac precursors to cardiomyocytes did not proliferate, but differentiated cardiomyocytes proliferated even after the acquisition of contractile function. After differentiation, cardiomyocytes developed a proliferative potential to contribute to the increase in cell numbers during heart development. Almost all differentiated cardiomyocytes (82.8%) incorporated bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) in vitro, indicating the ability of DNA replication. Furthermore, mitotic chromosomes were observed in the cardiomyocytes in which a sarcomeric structure was sustained in the cytoplasm. We conclude that the sequential events of the differentiation to contractile myocytes and the re-entry into the cell cycle are strictly regulated during cardiac cell maturation. These results provide an insight into the maturation mechanism of the cardiac cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinichi Hayashi
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan.
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28
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Anversa P, Leri A, Rota M, Hosoda T, Bearzi C, Urbanek K, Kajstura J, Bolli R. Concise review: stem cells, myocardial regeneration, and methodological artifacts. Stem Cells 2006; 25:589-601. [PMID: 17124006 DOI: 10.1634/stemcells.2006-0623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This review discusses the current controversy about the role that endogenous and exogenous progenitor cells have in cardiac homeostasis and myocardial regeneration following injury. Although great enthusiasm was created by the possibility of reconstituting the damaged heart, the opponents of this new concept of cardiac biology have interpreted most of the findings supporting this possibility as the product of technical artifacts. This article challenges this established, static view of cardiac growth and favors the notion that the mammalian heart has the inherent ability to replace its cardiomyocytes through the activation of a pool of resident primitive cells or the administration of hematopoietic stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piero Anversa
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Vosburgh Pavilion, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA.
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