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Yoon G, Puentes R, Tran J, Multani A, Cobo ER. The role of cathelicidins in neutrophil biology. J Leukoc Biol 2024; 116:689-705. [PMID: 38758953 DOI: 10.1093/jleuko/qiae112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite their relatively short lifespan, neutrophils are tasked with counteracting pathogens through various functions, including phagocytosis, production of reactive oxygen species, neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), and host defense peptides. Regarding the latter, small cationic cathelicidins present a conundrum in neutrophil function. Although primarily recognized as microbicides with an ability to provoke pores in microbial cell walls, the ability of cathelicidin to modulate key neutrophil functions is also of great importance, including the release of chemoattractants, cytokines, and reactive oxygen species, plus prolonging neutrophil lifespan. Cumulative evidence indicates a less recognized role of cathelicidin as an "immunomodulator"; however, this term is not always explicit, and its relevance in neutrophil responses during infection and inflammation is seldom discussed. This review compiles and discusses studies of how neutrophils use cathelicidin to respond to infections, while also acknowledging immunomodulatory aspects of cathelicidin through potential crosstalk between sources of the peptide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Yoon
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, HSC 1871, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Rodrigo Puentes
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, HSC 1871, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Jacquelyn Tran
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, HSC 1871, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Anmol Multani
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, HSC 1871, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Eduardo R Cobo
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, HSC 1871, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
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2
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Villain E, Chanson A, Mainka M, Kampschulte N, Le Faouder P, Bertrand-Michel J, Brandolini-Bulon M, Charbit B, Musvosvi M, Bilek N, Scriba TJ, Quintana-Murci L, Schebb NH, Duffy D, Gladine C. Integrated analysis of whole blood oxylipin and cytokine responses after bacterial, viral, and T cell stimulation reveals new immune networks. iScience 2023; 26:107422. [PMID: 37575177 PMCID: PMC10415927 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxylipins are major immunomodulating mediators, yet studies of inflammation focus mainly on cytokines. Here, using a standardized whole-blood stimulation system, we characterized the oxylipin-driven inflammatory responses to various stimuli and their relationships with cytokine responses. We performed a pilot study in 25 healthy individuals using 6 different stimuli: 2 bacterial stimuli (LPS and live BCG), 2 viral stimuli (vaccine-grade poly I:C and live H1N1 attenuated influenza), an enterotoxin superantigen and a Null control. All stimuli induced a strong production of oxylipins but most importantly, bacterial, viral, and T cell immune responses show distinct oxylipin signatures. Integration of the oxylipin and cytokine responses for each condition revealed new immune networks improving our understanding of inflammation regulation. Finally, the oxylipin responses and oxylipin-cytokine networks were compared in patients with active tuberculosis or with latent infection. This revealed different responses to BCG but not LPS stimulation highlighting new regulatory pathways for further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etienne Villain
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Translational Immunology Unit, Paris, France
| | - Aurélie Chanson
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UNH, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Malwina Mainka
- Chair of Food Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Nadja Kampschulte
- Chair of Food Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Pauline Le Faouder
- MetaToul, MetaboHUB, Inserm/UPS UMR 1048-I2MC, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, 31400 Toulouse, France
| | - Justine Bertrand-Michel
- MetaToul, MetaboHUB, Inserm/UPS UMR 1048-I2MC, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, 31400 Toulouse, France
| | - Marion Brandolini-Bulon
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UNH, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UNH, Plateforme D’Exploration Du Métabolisme, MetaboHUB Clermont, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Bruno Charbit
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CBUTechS, Paris, France
| | - Munyaradzi Musvosvi
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative (SATVI), Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Nicole Bilek
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative (SATVI), Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Thomas J. Scriba
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative (SATVI), Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Lluis Quintana-Murci
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR2000, Human Evolutionary Genetics Unit, Paris, France
- Collège de France, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Nils Helge Schebb
- Chair of Food Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Darragh Duffy
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Translational Immunology Unit, Paris, France
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CBUTechS, Paris, France
| | - Cécile Gladine
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UNH, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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3
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Nischwitz SP, Fink J, Schellnegger M, Luze H, Bubalo V, Tetyczka C, Roblegg E, Holecek C, Zacharias M, Kamolz LP, Kotzbeck P. The Role of Local Inflammation and Hypoxia in the Formation of Hypertrophic Scars-A New Model in the Duroc Pig. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010316. [PMID: 36613761 PMCID: PMC9820621 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertrophic scars continue to be a major burden, especially after burns. Persistent inflammation during wound healing appears to be the precipitating aspect in pathologic scarring. The lack of a standardized model hinders research from fully elucidating pathophysiology and therapy, as most therapeutic approaches have sparse evidence. The goal of this project was to investigate the mechanisms of scar formation after prolonged wound inflammation and to introduce a method for generating standardized hypertrophic scars by inducing prolonged inflammation. Four wound types were created in Duroc pigs: full-thickness wounds, burn wounds, and both of them with induced hyperinflammation by resiquimod. Clinical assessment (Vancouver Scar Scale), tissue oxygenation by hyperspectral imaging, histologic assessment, and gene expression analysis were performed at various time points during the following five months. Native burn wounds as well as resiquimod-induced full-thickness and burn wounds resulted in more hypertrophic scars than full-thickness wounds. The scar scale showed significantly higher scores in burn- and resiquimod-induced wounds compared with full-thickness wounds as of day 77. These three wound types also showed relative hypoxia compared with uninduced full-thickness wounds in hyperspectral imaging and increased expression of HIF1a levels. The highest number of inflammatory cells was detected in resiquimod-induced full-thickness wounds with histologic features of hypertrophic scars in burn and resiquimod-induced wounds. Gene expression analysis revealed increased inflammation with only moderately altered fibrosis markers. We successfully created hypertrophic scars in the Duroc pig by using different wound etiologies. Inflammation caused by burns or resiquimod induction led to scars similar to human hypertrophic scars. This model may allow for the further investigation of the exact mechanisms of pathological scars, the role of hypoxia and inflammation, and the testing of therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian P. Nischwitz
- Division of Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
- COREMED—Cooperative Centre for Regenerative Medicine, JOANNEUM RESEARCH Forschungsgesellschaft mbH, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Correspondence:
| | - Julia Fink
- COREMED—Cooperative Centre for Regenerative Medicine, JOANNEUM RESEARCH Forschungsgesellschaft mbH, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Marlies Schellnegger
- Division of Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
- COREMED—Cooperative Centre for Regenerative Medicine, JOANNEUM RESEARCH Forschungsgesellschaft mbH, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Hanna Luze
- Division of Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
- COREMED—Cooperative Centre for Regenerative Medicine, JOANNEUM RESEARCH Forschungsgesellschaft mbH, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Vladimir Bubalo
- Biomedical Research Unit, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Carolin Tetyczka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Eva Roblegg
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Christian Holecek
- HEALTH—Institute for Biomedicine and Health Sciences, JOANNEUM RESEARCH Forschungsgesellschaft mbH, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Martin Zacharias
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Lars-Peter Kamolz
- Division of Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
- COREMED—Cooperative Centre for Regenerative Medicine, JOANNEUM RESEARCH Forschungsgesellschaft mbH, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Petra Kotzbeck
- Division of Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
- COREMED—Cooperative Centre for Regenerative Medicine, JOANNEUM RESEARCH Forschungsgesellschaft mbH, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Research Unit for Tissue Regeneration, Repair and Reconstruction, Division of Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
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Campbell NO, Davison LM, Banerjee S, Nguyen JK, Krafcik S, Silverman RH, Jorgensen TN. Ablation of SigH+ pDCs in B6.Nba2 mice prevents lupus-like disease development only if started before disease is fully established. Lupus 2022; 31:1619-1629. [PMID: 36134524 PMCID: PMC10466375 DOI: 10.1177/09612033221127561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus is characterized by hyper-activation of the immune system, multi-organ inflammation, and end-organ damage. Type I interferons (IFN-I) have been strongly implicated a role in disease etiology as has the main IFN-I-producing cell subset, the plasmacytoid dendritic cell (pDC). The B6.Nba2 mouse model develops a lupus-like disease characterized by elevated IFN-I levels and pDC pathogenicity. We have previously shown that pDC ablation prior to disease development in B6.Nba2 mice effectively prevents disease; however, it remains unclear if a similar protection can be seen if pDC ablation is initiated during later disease stages. This is important as Systemic lupus erythematosus patients are rarely diagnosed until disease is well-established and thus preventative treatment is unlikely to take place. Here we show that ablation of pDCs in the B6.Nba2 mouse model must be initiated early in order to effectively block disease development and that sustained reduction in pDC numbers is necessary for sustained effects. Finally, targeting of pDCs have been hypothesized to affect immunity towards infectious agents, in particular virus and intracellular bacteria. We show here that pDC ablation in B6.Nba2 mice does not affect the anti-viral response to encephalomyocarditic virus or a model T-dependent antigen. In summary, pDC ablation does not affect general immunity, but needs to happen early and be sustained to prevent lupus-like disease development in B6.Nba2 mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole O Campbell
- Department of Inflammation & Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland OH, USA
| | - Laura M Davison
- Department of Inflammation & Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland OH, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland OH, USA
- Amgen (Teneobio), Newark, CA, USA
| | - Shuvojit Banerjee
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland OH, USA
- Autonomous Therapeutics, Inc., Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Jane K Nguyen
- Robert J. Tomsich Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Sarah Krafcik
- Department of Inflammation & Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland OH, USA
| | - Robert H Silverman
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland OH, USA
| | - Trine N Jorgensen
- Department of Inflammation & Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland OH, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland OH, USA
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5
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Tambunlertchai S, Geary SM, Salem AK. Topically Applied Resiquimod versus Imiquimod as a Potential Adjuvant in Melanoma Treatment. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14102076. [PMID: 36297510 PMCID: PMC9611754 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14102076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is the most lethal form of skin cancer and surgery remains the preferred and most effective treatment. Nevertheless, there are cases where surgery is not a viable method and alternative treatments are therefore adopted. One such treatment that has been tested is topical 5% imiquimod (IMQ) cream, which, although showing promise as a treatment for melanoma, has been found to have undesirable off-target effects. Resiquimod (RSQ) is an immunomodulatory molecule that can activate immune responses by binding to Toll-like receptors (TLR) 7 and 8 and may be more effective than IMQ in the context of melanoma treatment. RSQ can cross the stratum corneum (SC) easily without requiring pretreatment of the skin. In a gel formulation, RSQ has been studied as a monotherapy and adjuvant for melanoma treatment in pre-clinical studies and as an adjuvant in clinical settings. Although side effects of RSQ in gel formulation were also reported, they were never severe enough for the treatment to be suspended. In this review, we discuss the potential use of RSQ as an adjuvant for melanoma treatment.
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6
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TLR-8, TNF-α, and ESR-1α Gene Polymorphism Susceptibility in Onset of Arthritis. Genet Res (Camb) 2022; 2022:9208765. [PMID: 36262248 PMCID: PMC9553836 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9208765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Arthritis is a genetic disorder characterized by bones and joint degradation assisted by severe pain and inflammation. It is evident by the studies that 0 candidate genes variations play vital role in its development and progression. Therefore, we investigated the genetic variation of TLR-8, TNF, and ESR-1α genes in the Pakistani population. A case-control study comprising 300 RA, 316 OA, and 412 control subjects was conducted. PCR-RFLP and direct sequencing methods were used for determining genetic variations. Analysis was performed by using PLINK and MEGA 6.0 software. Allelic and genetic frequencies of polymorphisms identified on rs3764879 (TLR-8), rs3764880 (TLR-8), rs5744080 (TLR-8), rs1800629 (TNF), rs2228480 (ESR-1α), and rs1451501590 (ESR-1α) were significantly varied among RA, OA, and controls. Novel functional mutations SCV000844945 and SCV000844946 on TLR-8 as well as a non-functional SCV000804801 and functional variation SCV000804802 on ESR-1α were also identified and reported for the first time in the studied population. Multiple site analyses indicated that polymorphisms on TLR-8 and ESR-1α genes were significant risk factors in disease onset to the next generation. In conclusion, TLR-08 and ESR-1α were significant in the onset of arthritis whereas the TNF was not found as a significant risk factor in the onset of RA and OA.
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7
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Upregulated influenza A viral entry factors and enhanced interferon-alpha response in the nasal epithelium of pregnant rats. Heliyon 2022; 8:e09407. [PMID: 35592667 PMCID: PMC9111991 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the increased severity of influenza A infection in pregnancy, knowledge about the expression of cell entry factors for influenza A virus (IAV) and the innate immune response in the nasal epithelium, the primary portal of viral entry, is limited. Here, we compared the expression of IAV cell entry factors and the status of the innate immune response in the nasal epithelium of pregnant vs. non-pregnant female rats. IAV cell entry factors — sialic acid [SA] α-2,3- and α-2,6-linked glycans for avian and human IAV, respectively — were detected and quantified with lectin-based immunoblotting and flow cytometry. Baseline frequencies of innate immune cell phenotypes in single cell suspensions of the nasal epithelium were studied with flow cytometry. Subsequently, the magnitude of interferon and cytokine responses was studied with ELISA and cytokine arrays after intranasal resiquimod, a Toll-like receptor 7/8 agonist that mimics IAV infection. We noted substantially increased expression of cell entry factors for both avian and human IAV in the nasal epithelium during pregnancy. Assessment of the innate immune state of the nasal epithelium during pregnancy revealed two previously unreported features: (i) increased presence of tissue-resident plasmacytoid dendritic cells, and (ii) markedly enhanced release of interferon-α but not of the other interferons or cytokines 2 h after intranasal resiquimod. Collectively, our findings challenge the conventional notion of pregnancy-induced immunosuppression as a cause for severe influenza A disease and suggest the need for focused studies on viral tropism during pregnancy to better understand the proximate cause for the observed immunopathology.
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8
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Varghese PM, Mukherjee S, Al-Mohanna FA, Saleh SM, Almajhdi FN, Beirag N, Alkahtani SH, Rajkumari R, Nal Rogier B, Sim RB, Idicula-Thomas S, Madan T, Murugaiah V, Kishore U. Human Properdin Released By Infiltrating Neutrophils Can Modulate Influenza A Virus Infection. Front Immunol 2021; 12:747654. [PMID: 34956182 PMCID: PMC8695448 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.747654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The complement system is designed to recognise and eliminate invading pathogens via activation of classical, alternative and lectin pathways. Human properdin stabilises the alternative pathway C3 convertase, resulting in an amplification loop that leads to the formation of C5 convertase, thereby acting as a positive regulator of the alternative pathway. It has been noted that human properdin on its own can operate as a pattern recognition receptor and exert immune functions outside its involvement in complement activation. Properdin can bind directly to microbial targets via DNA, sulfatides and glycosaminoglycans, apoptotic cells, nanoparticles, and well-known viral virulence factors. This study was aimed at investigating the complement-independent role of properdin against Influenza A virus infection. As one of the first immune cells to arrive at the site of IAV infection, we show here that IAV challenged neutrophils released properdin in a time-dependent manner. Properdin was found to directly interact with haemagglutinin, neuraminidase and matrix 1 protein Influenza A virus proteins in ELISA and western blot. Furthermore, modelling studies revealed that properdin could bind HA and NA of the H1N1 subtype with higher affinity compared to that of H3N2 due to the presence of an HA cleavage site in H1N1. In an infection assay using A549 cells, properdin suppressed viral replication in pH1N1 subtype while promoting replication of H3N2 subtype, as revealed by qPCR analysis of M1 transcripts. Properdin treatment triggered an anti-inflammatory response in H1N1-challenged A549 cells and a pro-inflammatory response in H3N2-infected cells, as evident from differential mRNA expression of TNF-α, NF-κB, IFN-α, IFN-β, IL-6, IL-12 and RANTES. Properdin treatment also reduced luciferase reporter activity in MDCK cells transduced with H1N1 pseudotyped lentiviral particles; however, it was increased in the case of pseudotyped H3N2 particles. Collectively, we conclude that infiltrating neutrophils at the site of IAV infection can release properdin, which then acts as an entry inhibitor for pandemic H1N1 subtype while suppressing viral replication and inducing an anti-inflammatory response. H3N2 subtype can escape this immune restriction due to altered haemagglutinin and neuraminindase, leading to enhanced viral entry, replication and pro-inflammatory response. Thus, depending on the subtype, properdin can either limit or aggravate IAV infection in the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praveen M Varghese
- Biosciences, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, United Kingdom.,School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
| | - Shuvechha Mukherjee
- Biomedical Informatics Centre, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)-National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Mumbai, India
| | - Futwan A Al-Mohanna
- Department of Cell Biology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Souad M Saleh
- Department of Cell Biology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad N Almajhdi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nazar Beirag
- Biosciences, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, United Kingdom
| | - Saad H Alkahtani
- Department of Zoology, College of Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reena Rajkumari
- School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
| | - Beatrice Nal Rogier
- INSERM U1104 Centre d'immunologie de Marseille-Luminy (CIML), Marseille, France
| | - Robert B Sim
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Susan Idicula-Thomas
- Biomedical Informatics Centre, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)-National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Mumbai, India
| | - Taruna Madan
- Department of Innate Immunity, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)-National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Mumbai, India
| | - Valarmathy Murugaiah
- Biosciences, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, United Kingdom
| | - Uday Kishore
- Biosciences, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, United Kingdom
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9
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Donzelli J, Proestler E, Riedel A, Nevermann S, Hertel B, Guenther A, Gattenlöhner S, Savai R, Larsson K, Saul MJ. Small extracellular vesicle-derived miR-574-5p regulates PGE2-biosynthesis via TLR7/8 in lung cancer. J Extracell Vesicles 2021; 10:e12143. [PMID: 34596365 PMCID: PMC8485338 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Intercellular communication plays an essential role in lung cancer (LC). One of the major players in cell-cell-communication is small extracellular vesicles (sEV). SEV trigger various biological responses by transporting cellular cargo to target cells. One essential sEV component are microRNAs (miRs), whose transport has recently attracted increasing research interest. We report that prostaglandin E2 (PGE2 ), a key inflammatory lipid mediator, specifically induces the sorting of miR-574-5p in sEV of A549 and 2106T cells. We found that sEV-derived miR-574-5p activates Toll-like receptors (TLR) 7/8, thereby decreasing PGE2 -levels. In contrast, intracellular miR-574-5p induces PGE2 -biosynthesis. Consequently, the combination of intracellular and sEV-derived miR-574-5p controls PGE2 -levels via a feedback loop. This was only observed in adeno- but not in squamous cell carcinoma, indicating a cell-specific response to sEV-derived miRs, which might be due to unique tetraspanin compositions. Hence, we describe a novel function of miR-574-5p unique to adenocarcinoma. Intracellular miR-574-5p induces PGE2 and thus the secretion of sEV-derived miR-574-5p, which in turn decreases PGE2 -biosynthesis in recipient cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Donzelli
- Department of BiologyTechnische Universität DarmstadtDarmstadtGermany
| | - Eva Proestler
- Department of BiologyTechnische Universität DarmstadtDarmstadtGermany
| | - Anna Riedel
- Department of BiologyTechnische Universität DarmstadtDarmstadtGermany
| | - Sheila Nevermann
- Department of BiologyTechnische Universität DarmstadtDarmstadtGermany
| | - Brigitte Hertel
- Department of BiologyTechnische Universität DarmstadtDarmstadtGermany
| | - Andreas Guenther
- Department of Internal MedicineMember of the German Centre for Lung Research (DZL)Member of Cardio‐Pulmonary Institute (CPI)Justus Liebig UniversityGiessenGermany
| | | | - Rajkumar Savai
- Department of Internal MedicineMember of the German Centre for Lung Research (DZL)Member of Cardio‐Pulmonary Institute (CPI)Justus Liebig UniversityGiessenGermany
- Department of Lung Development and RemodellingMember of the DZLMember of CPIMax Planck Institute for Heart and Lung ResearchBad NauheimGermany
- Lung Microenvironmental Niche in CancerogenesisInstitute for Lung Health (ILH)Justus Liebig UniversityGiessenGermany
| | - Karin Larsson
- Rheumatology UnitDepartment of MedicineKarolinska University HospitalStockholmSweden
| | - Meike J. Saul
- Department of BiologyTechnische Universität DarmstadtDarmstadtGermany
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10
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Reyes L, A. Sanchez-Garcia M, Morrison T, Howden AJM, Watts ER, Arienti S, Sadiku P, Coelho P, Mirchandani AS, Zhang A, Hope D, Clark SK, Singleton J, Johnston S, Grecian R, Poon A, McNamara S, Harper I, Fourman MH, Brenes AJ, Pathak S, Lloyd A, Blanco GR, von Kriegsheim A, Ghesquiere B, Vermaelen W, Cologna CT, Dhaliwal K, Hirani N, Dockrell DH, Whyte MKB, Griffith D, Cantrell DA, Walmsley SR. -------A type I IFN, prothrombotic hyperinflammatory neutrophil signature is distinct for COVID-19 ARDS--. Wellcome Open Res 2021; 6:38. [PMID: 33997298 PMCID: PMC8112464 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.16584.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a severe critical condition with a high mortality that is currently in focus given that it is associated with mortality caused by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Neutrophils play a key role in the lung injury characteristic of non-COVID-19 ARDS and there is also accumulating evidence of neutrophil mediated lung injury in patients who succumb to infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Methods: We undertook a functional proteomic and metabolomic survey of circulating neutrophil populations, comparing patients with COVID-19 ARDS and non-COVID-19 ARDS to understand the molecular basis of neutrophil dysregulation. Results: Expansion of the circulating neutrophil compartment and the presence of activated low and normal density mature and immature neutrophil populations occurs in ARDS, irrespective of cause. Release of neutrophil granule proteins, neutrophil activation of the clotting cascade and upregulation of the Mac-1 platelet binding complex with formation of neutrophil platelet aggregates is exaggerated in COVID-19 ARDS. Importantly, activation of components of the neutrophil type I interferon responses is seen in ARDS following infection with SARS-CoV-2, with associated rewiring of neutrophil metabolism, and the upregulation of antigen processing and presentation. Whilst dexamethasone treatment constricts the immature low density neutrophil population, it does not impact upon prothrombotic hyperinflammatory neutrophil signatures. Conclusions: Given the crucial role of neutrophils in ARDS and the evidence of a disordered myeloid response observed in COVID-19 patients, this work maps the molecular basis for neutrophil reprogramming in the distinct clinical entities of COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 ARDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Reyes
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Manuel A. Sanchez-Garcia
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Tyler Morrison
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Andy J. M. Howden
- Division of Cell Signalling and Immunology, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Emily R. Watts
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Simone Arienti
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Pranvera Sadiku
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Patricia Coelho
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Ananda S. Mirchandani
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Ailiang Zhang
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - David Hope
- Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Pain, University of Edinburgh, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Sarah K. Clark
- Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Pain, University of Edinburgh, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Jo Singleton
- Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Pain, University of Edinburgh, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Shonna Johnston
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Robert Grecian
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Azin Poon
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Sarah McNamara
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Isla Harper
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Max Head Fourman
- Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Pain, University of Edinburgh, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Alejandro J. Brenes
- Division of Cell Signalling and Immunology, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 5EH, UK
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Shalini Pathak
- Division of Cell Signalling and Immunology, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Amy Lloyd
- Division of Cell Signalling and Immunology, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Giovanny Rodriguez Blanco
- The University of Edinburgh MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Alex von Kriegsheim
- The University of Edinburgh MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Bart Ghesquiere
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Vesalius Research Centre, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wesley Vermaelen
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Vesalius Research Centre, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Camila T. Cologna
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Vesalius Research Centre, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kevin Dhaliwal
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Nik Hirani
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
- NHS Lothian, Respiratory Medicine, Edinburgh Lung Fibrosis Clinic, Royal Infirmary, Edinburgh, EH16 4SA, UK
| | - David H. Dockrell
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Moira K. B. Whyte
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - David Griffith
- Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Pain, University of Edinburgh, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Doreen A. Cantrell
- Division of Cell Signalling and Immunology, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Sarah R. Walmsley
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
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11
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Reyes L, A. Sanchez-Garcia M, Morrison T, Howden AJM, Watts ER, Arienti S, Sadiku P, Coelho P, Mirchandani AS, Zhang A, Hope D, Clark SK, Singleton J, Johnston S, Grecian R, Poon A, McNamara S, Harper I, Fourman MH, Brenes AJ, Pathak S, Lloyd A, Blanco GR, von Kriegsheim A, Ghesquiere B, Vermaelen W, Cologna CT, Dhaliwal K, Hirani N, Dockrell DH, Whyte MKB, Griffith D, Cantrell DA, Walmsley SR. -------A type I IFN, prothrombotic hyperinflammatory neutrophil signature is distinct for COVID-19 ARDS--. Wellcome Open Res 2021; 6:38. [PMID: 33997298 PMCID: PMC8112464 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.16584.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a severe critical condition with a high mortality that is currently in focus given that it is associated with mortality caused by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Neutrophils play a key role in the lung injury characteristic of non-COVID-19 ARDS and there is also accumulating evidence of neutrophil mediated lung injury in patients who succumb to infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Methods: We undertook a functional proteomic and metabolomic survey of circulating neutrophil populations, comparing patients with COVID-19 ARDS and non-COVID-19 ARDS to understand the molecular basis of neutrophil dysregulation. Results: Expansion of the circulating neutrophil compartment and the presence of activated low and normal density mature and immature neutrophil populations occurs in ARDS, irrespective of cause. Release of neutrophil granule proteins, neutrophil activation of the clotting cascade and upregulation of the Mac-1 platelet binding complex with formation of neutrophil platelet aggregates is exaggerated in COVID-19 ARDS. Importantly, activation of components of the neutrophil type I interferon responses is seen in ARDS following infection with SARS-CoV-2, with associated rewiring of neutrophil metabolism, and the upregulation of antigen processing and presentation. Whilst dexamethasone treatment constricts the immature low density neutrophil population, it does not impact upon prothrombotic hyperinflammatory neutrophil signatures. Conclusions: Given the crucial role of neutrophils in ARDS and the evidence of a disordered myeloid response observed in COVID-19 patients, this work maps the molecular basis for neutrophil reprogramming in the distinct clinical entities of COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 ARDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Reyes
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Manuel A. Sanchez-Garcia
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Tyler Morrison
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Andy J. M. Howden
- Division of Cell Signalling and Immunology, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Emily R. Watts
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Simone Arienti
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Pranvera Sadiku
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Patricia Coelho
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Ananda S. Mirchandani
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Ailiang Zhang
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - David Hope
- Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Pain, University of Edinburgh, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Sarah K. Clark
- Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Pain, University of Edinburgh, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Jo Singleton
- Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Pain, University of Edinburgh, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Shonna Johnston
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Robert Grecian
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Azin Poon
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Sarah McNamara
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Isla Harper
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Max Head Fourman
- Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Pain, University of Edinburgh, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Alejandro J. Brenes
- Division of Cell Signalling and Immunology, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 5EH, UK
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Shalini Pathak
- Division of Cell Signalling and Immunology, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Amy Lloyd
- Division of Cell Signalling and Immunology, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Giovanny Rodriguez Blanco
- The University of Edinburgh MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Alex von Kriegsheim
- The University of Edinburgh MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Bart Ghesquiere
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Vesalius Research Centre, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wesley Vermaelen
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Vesalius Research Centre, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Camila T. Cologna
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Vesalius Research Centre, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kevin Dhaliwal
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Nik Hirani
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
- NHS Lothian, Respiratory Medicine, Edinburgh Lung Fibrosis Clinic, Royal Infirmary, Edinburgh, EH16 4SA, UK
| | - David H. Dockrell
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Moira K. B. Whyte
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - David Griffith
- Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Pain, University of Edinburgh, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Doreen A. Cantrell
- Division of Cell Signalling and Immunology, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Sarah R. Walmsley
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
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12
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Pluta L, Yousefi B, Damania B, Khan AA. Endosomal TLR-8 Senses microRNA-1294 Resulting in the Production of NFḱB Dependent Cytokines. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2860. [PMID: 31867014 PMCID: PMC6909240 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The primary function of toll-like receptor 8 (TLR-8) is the detection of viruses and other microbial pathogens. Recent evidence suggests that TLR-8 also senses host microRNAs (miRNAs) and implicate TLR-8 in autoimmune disorders. This study examined the interaction between miR-1294 and TLR-8. We first performed a BLAST search to identify miRNAs with the same sequences as two core motifs of miR-1294. Next, we examined NFḱB activation induced by the binding of miR-1294 mimic to endosomal TLR-8. HEK-Blue™ hTLR-8 cells (Invivogen), a HEK293 cell line co-transfected with human TLR-8 gene, were incubated with miR-1294 mimic. A TLR-8 agonist ssRNA40, was used as a positive control. Using the same experimental set up, we also examined the effects of miR-1294 and its two core motifs (Integrated DNA Technologies) on IL-8, IL-1β, and TNFα. Data were analyzed using t-test or one-way ANOVA and Dunnets post-hoc test. Using miRCarta we identified 29 other mature human miRNAs or their precursors which contain the same core motifs as miR-1294. Our data show that miR-1294 activates NFḱB in cells expressing TLR-8 (p < 0.05). miR-1294, and its core motifs induce expression of IL-8, IL-1β, and TNFα via TLR8 activation (p < 0.05). This constitutes a novel mechanism by which endosomal TLR-8 senses host miRNAs resulting in the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and thus potentially contributing to autoimmune disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Pluta
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Babak Yousefi
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Blossom Damania
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Asma A Khan
- Department of Endodontics, Dental School, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
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13
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43 kDa Glycoprotein (gp43) from Paracoccidioides brasiliensis Induced IL-17A and PGE2 Production by Human Polymorphonuclear Neutrophils: Involvement of TLR2 and TLR4. J Immunol Res 2019; 2019:1790908. [PMID: 31886295 PMCID: PMC6899308 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1790908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The glycoprotein gp43 is the major antigenic/diagnostic component of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis, one of the etiologic agents of paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM). Gp43 has protective roles in mice, but due to adhesive properties, this glycoprotein has also been associated with immune evasion mechanisms. The present study evaluated gp43 interaction in vitro with Toll-like receptors 2 and 4 (TLR2 and TLR4) present in polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) from healthy human individuals and the consequent modulation of the immune response through the expression and release of cytokines and eicosanoids. PMNs were incubated in the absence or presence of monoclonal antibodies anti-TLR2 and anti-TLR4 (individually or in combination) before gp43 stimulation. Then, PMNs were analyzed for the expression of both surface receptors and the detection of intracytoplasmic IL-17A and IL-4 using flow cytometry, while the production of PGE2, LTB4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, IFN-γ, and TNF-α was evaluated in the supernatants by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Our results showed that gp43 increased TLR2 and TLR4 expression by PMNs and induced PGE2 and IL-17A via TLR4 and TLR2, respectively. Thus, our data suggest that gp43 from P. brasiliensis might modulate host susceptibility to the fungal infection by affecting PGE2 and IL-17A production.
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14
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Barrat FJ, Su L. A pathogenic role of plasmacytoid dendritic cells in autoimmunity and chronic viral infection. J Exp Med 2019; 216:1974-1985. [PMID: 31420375 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20181359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Following the discovery of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) and of their extraordinary ability to produce type I IFNs (IFN-I) in response to TLR7 and TLR9 stimulation, it is assumed that their main function is to participate in the antiviral response. There is increasing evidence suggesting that pDCs and/or IFN-I can also have a detrimental role in a number of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, in the context of chronic viral infections and in cancers. Whether these cells should be targeted in patients and how much of their biology is connected to IFN-I production remains unclear and is discussed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franck J Barrat
- Autoimmunity and Inflammation Program, HSS Research Institute, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY .,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY
| | - Lishan Su
- The Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
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15
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Zhao Z, Hu Y, Harmon T, Pentel P, Ehrich M, Zhang C. Effect of Adjuvant Release Rate on the Immunogenicity of Nanoparticle-Based Vaccines: A Case Study with a Nanoparticle-Based Nicotine Vaccine. Mol Pharm 2019; 16:2766-2775. [PMID: 31075204 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.9b00279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Adjuvants are a critical component for vaccines, especially for a poorly immunogenic antigen, such as nicotine. However, the impact of adjuvant release rate from a vaccine formulation on its immunogenicity has not been well illustrated. In this study, we fabricated a series of hybrid-nanoparticle-based nicotine vaccines to study the impact of adjuvant release rate on their immunological efficacy. It was found that the nanovaccine with a medium or slow adjuvant release rate induced a significantly higher anti-nicotine antibody titer than that with a fast release rate. Furthermore, the medium and slow adjuvant release rates resulted in a significantly lower brain nicotine concentration than the fast release rate after nicotine challenge. All findings suggest that adjuvant release rate affects the immunological efficacy of nanoparticle-based nicotine vaccines, providing a potential strategy to rationally designing vaccine formulations against psychoactive drugs or even other antigens. The hybrid-nanoparticle-based nicotine vaccine with an optimized adjuvant release rate can be a promising next-generation immunotherapeutic candidate against nicotine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Theresa Harmon
- Minneapolis Medical Research Foundation , Minneapolis , Minnesota 55404 , United States
| | - Paul Pentel
- Minneapolis Medical Research Foundation , Minneapolis , Minnesota 55404 , United States
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16
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Rolas L, Boussif A, Weiss E, Lettéron P, Haddad O, El-Benna J, Rautou PE, Moreau R, Périanin A. NADPH oxidase depletion in neutrophils from patients with cirrhosis and restoration via toll-like receptor 7/8 activation. Gut 2018; 67:1505-1516. [PMID: 28601846 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2016-313443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cirrhosis downregulates phagocyte oxidant production via their antibacterial superoxide-generating system, NADPH oxidase (NOX2) and increases patients' susceptibility to infection and mortality rate. To explore novel biochemical parameters that explain susceptibility to infections, we investigated the expression of NOX2 and partners in neutrophils of patients with severe alcoholic cirrhosis and have provided a novel approach to restore superoxide production capacity in patients' neutrophils and blood. DESIGN Neutrophils were isolated from patients with decompensated alcoholic cirrhosis. NOX2 activity was assessed after stimulation of purified neutrophils or whole blood with the bacterial-derived peptide fMet-Leu-Phe. The expression of NOX2 and partners was studied by western blot analysis, flow cytometry and reverse transcription-PCR. RESULTS The impaired superoxide production by patients' neutrophils was associated with a severe deficient expression of the NADPH oxidase catalytic core flavocytochrome-b558 (gp91 phox /NOX2 and p22 phox ), its cytosolic partner p47 phox but not p67 phox . NOX2 expression decreased rapidly by protein degradation involving elastase released during degranulation of healthy neutrophils stimulated with fMet-Leu-Phe, or highly present in patients' plasma. Interestingly, the deficient superoxide production was reversed by treatment of patients' neutrophils and whole blood with toll-like receptor 7/8 (TLR7/8) agonists. This treatment stimulated a rapid NOX2 transcription and translation through a process involving mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) whose expression was also deficient in patients' neutrophils. NOX2 expression was also increased by the TLR4 agonist lipopolysaccharide but with only a modest improvement of reactive oxygen species production. CONCLUSION Impairment of neutrophil oxidants production in alcoholic cirrhosis is associated with NOX2 degradation and deficient mTOR-dependent translational machinery. The NOX2 depletion can be reversed via TRL7/8 activation and might be used to restore antimicrobial responses of immunocompromised patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loïc Rolas
- INSERM UMRS-1149, Faculté de Médecine Xavier Bichat, Paris, France.,CNRS ERL-8252, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, Paris, France.,Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire d'Excellence INFLAMEX, Paris, France
| | - Abdelali Boussif
- INSERM UMRS-1149, Faculté de Médecine Xavier Bichat, Paris, France.,CNRS ERL-8252, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, Paris, France.,Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire d'Excellence INFLAMEX, Paris, France.,Département de Biochimie, Université de Batna, Faculté de Biologie, Batna, Algérie
| | - Emmanuel Weiss
- INSERM UMRS-1149, Faculté de Médecine Xavier Bichat, Paris, France.,CNRS ERL-8252, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, Paris, France.,Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire d'Excellence INFLAMEX, Paris, France.,Département d'Anesthésie Réanimation, Hôpital Beaujon, APHP, Clichy, France
| | - Philippe Lettéron
- INSERM UMRS-1149, Faculté de Médecine Xavier Bichat, Paris, France.,CNRS ERL-8252, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, Paris, France.,Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire d'Excellence INFLAMEX, Paris, France
| | - Oualid Haddad
- UFR SMBH, Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Bobigny, France
| | - Jamel El-Benna
- INSERM UMRS-1149, Faculté de Médecine Xavier Bichat, Paris, France.,CNRS ERL-8252, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, Paris, France.,Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire d'Excellence INFLAMEX, Paris, France
| | - Pierre-Emmanuel Rautou
- Département Hospitalo-Universitaire (DHU) Unity, Service d'Hépatologie, Hôpital Beaujon, APHP, Clichy, France.,INSERM U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center-PARCC, Paris, France
| | - Richard Moreau
- INSERM UMRS-1149, Faculté de Médecine Xavier Bichat, Paris, France.,CNRS ERL-8252, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, Paris, France.,Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire d'Excellence INFLAMEX, Paris, France.,Département Hospitalo-Universitaire (DHU) Unity, Service d'Hépatologie, Hôpital Beaujon, APHP, Clichy, France
| | - Axel Périanin
- INSERM UMRS-1149, Faculté de Médecine Xavier Bichat, Paris, France.,CNRS ERL-8252, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, Paris, France.,Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire d'Excellence INFLAMEX, Paris, France
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17
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Abstract
The body is exposed to foreign pathogens every day, but remarkably, most pathogens are effectively cleared by the innate immune system without the need to invoke the adaptive immune response. Key cellular components of the innate immune system include macrophages and neutrophils and the recruitment and function of these cells are tightly regulated by chemokines and cytokines in the tissue space. Innate immune responses are also known to regulate development of adaptive immune responses often via the secretion of various cytokines. In addition to these protein regulators, numerous lipid mediators can also influence innate and adaptive immune functions. In this review, we cover one particular lipid regulator, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and describe its synthesis and signaling and what is known about the ability of this lipid to regulate immunity and host defense against viral, fungal and bacterial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bethany B Moore
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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18
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Ah Kioon MD, Tripodo C, Fernandez D, Kirou KA, Spiera RF, Crow MK, Gordon JK, Barrat FJ. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells promote systemic sclerosis with a key role for TLR8. Sci Transl Med 2018; 10:10/423/eaam8458. [PMID: 29321259 PMCID: PMC9865429 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aam8458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Revised: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a multisystem life-threatening fibrosing disorder that lacks effective treatment. The link between the inflammation observed in organs such as the skin and profibrotic mechanisms is not well understood. The plasmacytoid dendritic cell (pDC) is a key cell type mediating Toll-like receptor (TLR)-induced inflammation in autoimmune disease patients, including lupus and skin diseases with interface dermatitis. However, the role of pDCs in fibrosis is less clear. We show that pDCs infiltrate the skin of SSc patients and are chronically activated, leading to secretion of interferon-α (IFN-α) and CXCL4, which are both hallmarks of the disease. We demonstrate that the secretion of CXCL4 is under the control of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase δ and is due to the aberrant presence of TLR8 on pDCs of SSc patients, which is not seen in healthy donors or in lupus pDCs, and that CXCL4 primarily acts by potentiating TLR8- but also TLR9-induced IFN production by pDCs. Depleting pDCs prevented disease in a mouse model of scleroderma and could revert fibrosis in mice with established disease. In contrast, the disease was exacerbated in mice transgenic for TLR8 with recruitment of pDCs to the fibrotic skin, whereas TLR7 only partially contributed to the inflammatory response, indicating that TLR8 is the key RNA-sensing TLR involved in the establishment of fibrosis. We conclude that the pDC is an essential cell type involved in the pathogenesis of SSc and its removal using depleting antibodies or attenuating pDC function could be a novel approach to treat SSc patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Dominique Ah Kioon
- Autoimmunity and Inflammation Program, HSS Research Institute, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Claudio Tripodo
- Tumor Immunology Unit, Department of Health Science, Human Pathology Section, University of Palermo School of Medicine, Palermo, Italy
| | - David Fernandez
- Mary Kirkland Center for Lupus Research, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Kyriakos A. Kirou
- Mary Kirkland Center for Lupus Research, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Robert F. Spiera
- Scleroderma and Vasculitis Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Mary K. Crow
- Autoimmunity and Inflammation Program, HSS Research Institute, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021, USA.,Mary Kirkland Center for Lupus Research, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Jessica K. Gordon
- Scleroderma and Vasculitis Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Franck J. Barrat
- Autoimmunity and Inflammation Program, HSS Research Institute, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021, USA.,Corresponding author.
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Camp JV, Jonsson CB. A Role for Neutrophils in Viral Respiratory Disease. Front Immunol 2017; 8:550. [PMID: 28553293 PMCID: PMC5427094 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2016] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are immune cells that are well known to be present during many types of lung diseases associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and may contribute to acute lung injury. Neutrophils are poorly studied with respect to viral infection, and specifically to respiratory viral disease. Influenza A virus (IAV) infection is the cause of a respiratory disease that poses a significant global public health concern. Influenza disease presents as a relatively mild and self-limiting although highly pathogenic forms exist. Neutrophils increase in the respiratory tract during infection with mild seasonal IAV, moderate and severe epidemic IAV infection, and emerging highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI). During severe influenza pneumonia and HPAI infection, the number of neutrophils in the lower respiratory tract is correlated with disease severity. Thus, comparative analyses of the relationship between IAV infection and neutrophils provide insights into the relative contribution of host and viral factors that contribute to disease severity. Herein, we review the contribution of neutrophils to IAV disease pathogenesis and to other respiratory virus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy V Camp
- Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine at Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Colleen B Jonsson
- Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee-Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, USA
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20
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Boussif A, Rolas L, Weiss E, Bouriche H, Moreau R, Périanin A. Impaired intracellular signaling, myeloperoxidase release and bactericidal activity of neutrophils from patients with alcoholic cirrhosis. J Hepatol 2016; 64:1041-1048. [PMID: 26719020 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2015.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Revised: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Myeloperoxidase exocytosis and production of hydrogen peroxide via the neutrophil superoxide-generating nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase contribute to efficient elimination of bacteria. Cirrhosis impairs immune functions and increases susceptibility to bacterial infection. We recently showed that neutrophils from patients with decompensated alcoholic cirrhosis exhibit a severe impairment of formylpeptide receptor (fPR)-mediated intracellular signaling and superoxide production. Here, we performed ex vivo studies with these patients' neutrophils to further investigate myeloperoxidase release, bactericidal capacity and signaling events following fPR stimulation by the formylpeptide formyl-met-leu-phe (fMLP). METHODS Myeloperoxidase release was studied by measuring extracellular myeloperoxidase activity. Activation of signaling effectors was studied by Western blot and their respective contribution to myeloperoxidase release studied using pharmacological antagonists. RESULTS fMLP-induced myeloperoxidase release was strongly impaired in patients' neutrophils whereas the intracellular myeloperoxidase stock was unaltered. The fMLP-induced phosphorylation of major signaling effectors, AKT, ERK1/2 and p38-MAP-Kinases, was also strongly deficient despite a similar expression of signaling effectors or fPR. However, based on effector inhibition in healthy neutrophils, AKT and p38-MAPK but not ERK1/2 upregulated fMLP-induced myeloperoxidase exocytosis. Interestingly, patients' neutrophils exhibited a defective bactericidal capacity that was reversed ex vivo by the TLR7/8 agonist CL097, through potentiation of the fMLP-induced AKT/p38-MAPK signaling axis and myeloperoxidase release. CONCLUSIONS We provide first evidence that neutrophils from patients with decompensated alcoholic cirrhosis exhibit a deficient AKT/p38-MAPK signaling, myeloperoxidase release and bactericidal activity, which can be reversed via TLR7/8 activation. These defects, together with the previously described severe deficient superoxide production, may increase cirrhotic patients' susceptibility to bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelali Boussif
- INSERM UMRS-1149, Faculté de Médécine X. Bichat, 75018 Paris, France; CNRS ERL 8252, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, 75018 Paris, France; Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire d'excellence INFLAMEX, 75018 Paris, France; Université de Batna, Faculté des Sciences, Département de Biologie, Algeria
| | - Loïc Rolas
- INSERM UMRS-1149, Faculté de Médécine X. Bichat, 75018 Paris, France; CNRS ERL 8252, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, 75018 Paris, France; Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire d'excellence INFLAMEX, 75018 Paris, France
| | - Emmanuel Weiss
- INSERM UMRS-1149, Faculté de Médécine X. Bichat, 75018 Paris, France; CNRS ERL 8252, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, 75018 Paris, France; Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire d'excellence INFLAMEX, 75018 Paris, France; Département d'Anesthésie Réanimation, Hôpital Beaujon, APHP, 92118 Clichy, France
| | - Hamama Bouriche
- Laboratoire de Biochimie Appliquée, Département de Biochimie, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de Vie, Université Ferhat Abbas, Sétif 1, Algeria
| | - Richard Moreau
- INSERM UMRS-1149, Faculté de Médécine X. Bichat, 75018 Paris, France; CNRS ERL 8252, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, 75018 Paris, France; Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire d'excellence INFLAMEX, 75018 Paris, France; Département Hospitalo-Universitaire (DHU) Unity, Service d'Hépatologie, Hôpital Beaujon, APHP, 92118 Clichy, France
| | - Axel Périanin
- INSERM UMRS-1149, Faculté de Médécine X. Bichat, 75018 Paris, France; CNRS ERL 8252, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, 75018 Paris, France; Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire d'excellence INFLAMEX, 75018 Paris, France.
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Barrat FJ, Elkon KB, Fitzgerald KA. Importance of Nucleic Acid Recognition in Inflammation and Autoimmunity. Annu Rev Med 2016; 67:323-36. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-med-052814-023338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Franck J. Barrat
- Autoimmunity and Inflammation Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021;
| | - Keith B. Elkon
- Division of Rheumatology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98109
| | - Katherine A. Fitzgerald
- Program in Innate Immunity, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605
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Grimmig T, Matthes N, Hoeland K, Tripathi S, Chandraker A, Grimm M, Moench R, Moll EM, Friess H, Tsaur I, Blaheta RA, Germer CT, Waaga-Gasser AM, Gasser M. TLR7 and TLR8 expression increases tumor cell proliferation and promotes chemoresistance in human pancreatic cancer. Int J Oncol 2015; 47:857-66. [PMID: 26134824 PMCID: PMC4532221 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2015.3069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation as an important epigenetic and environmental factor for putative tumorigenesis and tumor progression may be associated with specific activation of Toll-like receptors (TLR). Recently, carcinogenesis has been suggested to be dependent on TLR7 signaling. In the present study, we determined the role of both TLR7 and TLR8 expression and signaling in tumor cell proliferation and chemoresistance in pancreatic cancer. Expression of TLR7/TLR8 in UICC stage I-IV pancreatic cancer, chronic pancreatitis, normal pancreatic tissue and human pancreatic (PANC1) cancer cell line was examined. For in vitro/in vivo studies TLR7/TLR8 overexpressing PANC1 cell lines were generated and analyzed for effects of (un-)stimulated TLR expression on tumor cell proliferation and chemoresistance. TLR expression was increased in pancreatic cancer, with stage-dependent upregulation in advanced tumors, compared to earlier stages and chronic pancreatitis. Stimulation of TLR7/TLR8 overexpressing PANC1 cells resulted in elevated NF-κB and COX-2 expression, increased cancer cell proliferation and reduced chemosensitivity. More importantly, TLR7/TLR8 expression increased tumor growth in vivo. Our data demonstrate a stage-dependent upregulation of both TLR7 and TLR8 expression in pancreatic cancer. Functional analysis in human pancreatic cancer cells point to a significant role of both TLRs in chronic inflammation-mediated TLR7/TLR8 signaling leading to tumor cell proliferation and chemoresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Grimmig
- Department of Surgery I, Molecular Oncology and Immunology, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Niels Matthes
- Department of Surgery I, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Hoeland
- Department of Surgery I, Molecular Oncology and Immunology, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Sudipta Tripathi
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Transplant Research Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anil Chandraker
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Transplant Research Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Martin Grimm
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Romana Moench
- Department of Surgery I, Molecular Oncology and Immunology, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Eva-Maria Moll
- Department of Surgery I, Molecular Oncology and Immunology, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Helmut Friess
- Department of Surgery, University of Munich, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany
| | - Igor Tsaur
- Department of Urology, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Roman A Blaheta
- Department of Urology, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Cristoph T Germer
- Department of Surgery I, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Ana Maria Waaga-Gasser
- Department of Surgery I, Molecular Oncology and Immunology, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Martin Gasser
- Department of Surgery I, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
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Makni-Maalej K, Marzaioli V, Boussetta T, Belambri SA, Gougerot-Pocidalo MA, Hurtado-Nedelec M, Dang PMC, El-Benna J. TLR8, but not TLR7, induces the priming of the NADPH oxidase activation in human neutrophils. J Leukoc Biol 2015; 97:1081-7. [DOI: 10.1189/jlb.2a1214-623r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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24
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Chromatin remodelling and autocrine TNFα are required for optimal interleukin-6 expression in activated human neutrophils. Nat Commun 2015; 6:6061. [PMID: 25616107 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms7061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Controversy currently exists about the ability of human neutrophils to produce IL-6. Here, we show that the chromatin organization of the IL-6 genomic locus in human neutrophils is constitutively kept in an inactive configuration. However, we also show that upon exposure to stimuli that trigger chromatin remodelling at the IL-6 locus, such as ligands for TLR8 or, less efficiently, TLR4, highly purified neutrophils express and secrete IL-6. In TLR8-activated neutrophils, but not monocytes, IL-6 expression is preceded by the induction of a latent enhancer located 14 kb upstream of the IL-6 transcriptional start site. In addition, IL-6 induction is potentiated by endogenous TNFα, which prolongs the synthesis of the IκBζ co-activator and sustains C/EBPβ recruitment and histone acetylation at IL-6 regulatory regions. Altogether, these data clarify controversial literature on the ability of human neutrophils to generate IL-6 and uncover chromatin-dependent layers of regulation of IL-6 in these cells.
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25
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Tripathi T, Alizadeh H. Significance of arachidonic acid in ocular infections and inflammation. INFLAMMATION AND CELL SIGNALING 2014; 1. [PMID: 26082934 DOI: 10.14800/ics.301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Innate immune responses in the cornea mainly play an important role to mobilize multiple interrelated pathways of corneal lipid, which involve in inflammatory corneal diseases. Signaling lipid mediators derived from arachidonic acid (AA) control cell proliferation, apoptosis, metabolism, and migration, are known as eicosanoids, phosphoinositides, sphingolipids, and fatty acids. Emerging evidences have highlighted the implication of lipid mediators in both injury and repair mechanisms in the cornea. Recently, the role of AA and its metabolites to induce proinflammatory mediators and inflammatory cell infiltration in the pathogen-infected cornea and to cause severe keratitis have been revealed. In this review, we focus on the novel roles of AA downstream signaling in the corneal inflammatory diseases and also the biological relevance of AA signaling in the therapeutic strategies for targeting sight-threatening diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trivendra Tripathi
- Department of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of North Texas Health Science Center, and North Texas Eye Research Institute, Fort Worth, Texas, 76107, USA
| | - Hassan Alizadeh
- Department of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of North Texas Health Science Center, and North Texas Eye Research Institute, Fort Worth, Texas, 76107, USA
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26
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Epaulard O, Adam L, Poux C, Zurawski G, Salabert N, Rosenbaum P, Dereuddre-Bosquet N, Zurawski S, Flamar AL, Oh S, Romain G, Chapon C, Banchereau J, Lévy Y, Le Grand R, Martinon F. Macrophage- and neutrophil-derived TNF-α instructs skin langerhans cells to prime antiviral immune responses. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 193:2416-26. [PMID: 25057007 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1303339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic cells are major APCs that can efficiently prime immune responses. However, the roles of skin-resident Langerhans cells (LCs) in eliciting immune responses have not been fully understood. In this study, we demonstrate for the first time, to our knowledge, that LCs in cynomolgus macaque skin are capable of inducing antiviral-specific immune responses in vivo. Targeting HIV-Gag or influenza hemagglutinin Ags to skin LCs using recombinant fusion proteins of anti-Langerin Ab and Ags resulted in the induction of the viral Ag-specific responses. We further demonstrated that such Ag-specific immune responses elicited by skin LCs were greatly enhanced by TLR ligands, polyriboinosinic polyribocytidylic acid, and R848. These enhancements were not due to the direct actions of TLR ligands on LCs, but mainly dependent on TNF-α secreted from macrophages and neutrophils recruited to local tissues. Skin LC activation and migration out of the epidermis are associated with macrophage and neutrophil infiltration into the tissues. More importantly, blocking TNF-α abrogated the activation and migration of skin LCs. This study highlights that the cross-talk between innate immune cells in local tissues is an important component for the establishment of adaptive immunity. Understanding the importance of local immune networks will help us to design new and effective vaccines against microbial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Epaulard
- French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission, Division of Immuno-Virology, Institute for Emerging Diseases and Innovative Therapies, Infectious Diseases Models for Innovative Therapies Center, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France; Unité Mixte de Recherche E1, Université Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay, France; Vaccine Research Institute, 94010 Créteil, France; Infectious Diseases Unit, Grenoble University Hospital, 38043 Grenoble, France
| | - Lucille Adam
- French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission, Division of Immuno-Virology, Institute for Emerging Diseases and Innovative Therapies, Infectious Diseases Models for Innovative Therapies Center, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France; Unité Mixte de Recherche E1, Université Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay, France; Vaccine Research Institute, 94010 Créteil, France
| | - Candice Poux
- French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission, Division of Immuno-Virology, Institute for Emerging Diseases and Innovative Therapies, Infectious Diseases Models for Innovative Therapies Center, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France; Unité Mixte de Recherche E1, Université Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay, France; Vaccine Research Institute, 94010 Créteil, France
| | - Gerard Zurawski
- Vaccine Research Institute, 94010 Créteil, France; Baylor Institute for Immunology Research, Dallas, TX 75204
| | - Nina Salabert
- French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission, Division of Immuno-Virology, Institute for Emerging Diseases and Innovative Therapies, Infectious Diseases Models for Innovative Therapies Center, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France; Unité Mixte de Recherche E1, Université Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay, France; Vaccine Research Institute, 94010 Créteil, France
| | - Pierre Rosenbaum
- French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission, Division of Immuno-Virology, Institute for Emerging Diseases and Innovative Therapies, Infectious Diseases Models for Innovative Therapies Center, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France; Unité Mixte de Recherche E1, Université Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay, France; Vaccine Research Institute, 94010 Créteil, France
| | - Nathalie Dereuddre-Bosquet
- French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission, Division of Immuno-Virology, Institute for Emerging Diseases and Innovative Therapies, Infectious Diseases Models for Innovative Therapies Center, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France; Unité Mixte de Recherche E1, Université Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay, France; Vaccine Research Institute, 94010 Créteil, France
| | - Sandra Zurawski
- Vaccine Research Institute, 94010 Créteil, France; Baylor Institute for Immunology Research, Dallas, TX 75204
| | - Anne-Laure Flamar
- Vaccine Research Institute, 94010 Créteil, France; Baylor Institute for Immunology Research, Dallas, TX 75204
| | - Sangkon Oh
- Baylor Institute for Immunology Research, Dallas, TX 75204
| | - Gabrielle Romain
- French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission, Division of Immuno-Virology, Institute for Emerging Diseases and Innovative Therapies, Infectious Diseases Models for Innovative Therapies Center, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France; Unité Mixte de Recherche E1, Université Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay, France; Vaccine Research Institute, 94010 Créteil, France
| | - Catherine Chapon
- French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission, Division of Immuno-Virology, Institute for Emerging Diseases and Innovative Therapies, Infectious Diseases Models for Innovative Therapies Center, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France; Unité Mixte de Recherche E1, Université Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay, France; Vaccine Research Institute, 94010 Créteil, France
| | - Jacques Banchereau
- Vaccine Research Institute, 94010 Créteil, France; Baylor Institute for Immunology Research, Dallas, TX 75204
| | - Yves Lévy
- Vaccine Research Institute, 94010 Créteil, France; INSERM, Unité U955, 94010 Créteil, France; Universite Paris-Est, Faculte de Medecine, Unité Mixte de Recherche-S 955, 94010 Créteil, France; and
| | - Roger Le Grand
- French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission, Division of Immuno-Virology, Institute for Emerging Diseases and Innovative Therapies, Infectious Diseases Models for Innovative Therapies Center, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France; Unité Mixte de Recherche E1, Université Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay, France; Vaccine Research Institute, 94010 Créteil, France
| | - Frédéric Martinon
- French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission, Division of Immuno-Virology, Institute for Emerging Diseases and Innovative Therapies, Infectious Diseases Models for Innovative Therapies Center, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France; Unité Mixte de Recherche E1, Université Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay, France; Vaccine Research Institute, 94010 Créteil, France; INSERM, 75014 Paris, France
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Bertolotto M, Contini P, Ottonello L, Pende A, Dallegri F, Montecucco F. Neutrophil migration towards C5a and CXCL8 is prevented by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs via inhibition of different pathways. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 171:3376-3393. [PMID: 24597536 PMCID: PMC4105927 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2013] [Revised: 02/25/2014] [Accepted: 02/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have been shown to induce PG-independent anti-inflammatory actions. Here, we investigated the role of three different NSAIDs (naproxen, ibuprofen and oxaprozin) on neutrophil responses to CXCL8 and C5a. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Human neutrophils were isolated from healthy volunteers by dextran and Ficoll-Hypaque density gradients. Neutrophils were pre-incubated with different concentrations (1-100 µM) of NSAIDs or kinase inhibitors. Neutrophil degranulation into supernatants was tested by elisa and zymography. Neutrophil chemotaxis was determined using Boyden chambers. F-actin polymerization was determined by Alexa-Fluor 488-conjugated phalloidin fluorescent assay. Integrin expression was assessed by flow cytometry. The phosphorylation of intracellular kinases was studied by Western blot. KEY RESULTS Pretreatment with NSAIDs did not affect neutrophil degranulation, but inhibited neutrophil migration and polymerization of F-actin, in response to CXCL8 and C5a. Pretreatment with different NSAIDs prevented C5a-induced integrin (CD11b) up-regulation, while only ibuprofen reduced CXCL8-induced CD11b up-regulation. Pre-incubation with naproxen or oxaprozin, but not ibuprofen, inhibited the PI3K/Akt-dependent chemotactic pathways. Both endogenous (released in cell supernatants) or exogenous (added to cell cultures) PGE2 did not affect C5a- or CXCL8-induced activities. Short-term incubation with NSAIDs did not affect neutrophil PGE2 release. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Treatment with NSAIDs reduced C5a- and CXCL8-induced neutrophil migration and F-actin polymerization via different mechanisms. Inhibition by ibuprofen was associated with integrin down-regulation, while naproxen and oxaprozin blocked the PI3K/Akt pathway. Both NSAID actions were independent of COX inhibition and PGE2 release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Bertolotto
- First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of GenoaGenoa, Italy
| | - Paola Contini
- First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of GenoaGenoa, Italy
| | - Luciano Ottonello
- First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of GenoaGenoa, Italy
| | - Aldo Pende
- First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of GenoaGenoa, Italy
| | - Franco Dallegri
- First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of GenoaGenoa, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Montecucco
- First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of GenoaGenoa, Italy
- Division of Cardiology, Foundation for Medical Researches, University of GenevaGeneva, Switzerland
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Genetics and Laboratory Medicine, Geneva University HospitalsGeneva, Switzerland
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28
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Guiducci C, Gong M, Cepika AM, Xu Z, Tripodo C, Bennett L, Crain C, Quartier P, Cush JJ, Pascual V, Coffman RL, Barrat FJ. RNA recognition by human TLR8 can lead to autoimmune inflammation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 210:2903-19. [PMID: 24277153 PMCID: PMC3865472 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20131044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
High expression level of human TLR8 in mice results in spontaneous, multiorgan inflammation attributable in part to increased DC activation. Studies on the role of the RNA receptor TLR8 in inflammation have been limited by its different function in human versus rodents. We have generated multiple lines of transgenic mice expressing different levels of human TLR8. The high copy number chimeras were unable to pass germline; developed severe inflammation targeting the pancreas, salivary glands, and joints; and the severity of the specific phenotypes closely correlated with the huTLR8 expression levels. Mice with relatively low expression levels survived and bred successfully but had increased susceptibility to collagen-induced arthritis, and the levels of huTLR8 correlated with proinflammatory cytokines in the joints of the animals. At the cellular level, huTLR8 signaling exerted a DC-intrinsic effect leading to up-regulation of co-stimulatory molecules and subsequent T cell activation. A pathogenic role for TLR8 in human diseases was suggested by its increased expression in patients with systemic arthritis and the correlation of TLR8 expression with the elevation of IL-1β levels and disease status. We found that the consequence of self-recognition via TLR8 results in a constellation of diseases, strikingly distinct from those related to TLR7 signaling, and points to specific inflammatory diseases that may benefit from inhibition of TLR8 in humans.
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Liu HQ, Zhang XY, Edfeldt K, Nijhuis MO, Idborg H, Bäck M, Roy J, Hedin U, Jakobsson PJ, Laman JD, de Kleijn DP, Pasterkamp G, Hansson GK, Yan ZQ. NOD2-Mediated Innate Immune Signaling Regulates the Eicosanoids in Atherosclerosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2013; 33:2193-201. [DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.113.301715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Qing Liu
- From the Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine (H.-Q.L., X.-Y.Z., K.E., M.B., G.K.H., Z.-Q.Y.), Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology (K.E.), and Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine (H.I., P.-J.J.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China (H.-Q.L.); Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing,
| | - Xiao-Ying Zhang
- From the Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine (H.-Q.L., X.-Y.Z., K.E., M.B., G.K.H., Z.-Q.Y.), Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology (K.E.), and Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine (H.I., P.-J.J.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China (H.-Q.L.); Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing,
| | - Kristina Edfeldt
- From the Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine (H.-Q.L., X.-Y.Z., K.E., M.B., G.K.H., Z.-Q.Y.), Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology (K.E.), and Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine (H.I., P.-J.J.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China (H.-Q.L.); Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing,
| | - Manon Oude Nijhuis
- From the Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine (H.-Q.L., X.-Y.Z., K.E., M.B., G.K.H., Z.-Q.Y.), Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology (K.E.), and Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine (H.I., P.-J.J.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China (H.-Q.L.); Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing,
| | - Helena Idborg
- From the Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine (H.-Q.L., X.-Y.Z., K.E., M.B., G.K.H., Z.-Q.Y.), Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology (K.E.), and Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine (H.I., P.-J.J.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China (H.-Q.L.); Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing,
| | - Magnus Bäck
- From the Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine (H.-Q.L., X.-Y.Z., K.E., M.B., G.K.H., Z.-Q.Y.), Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology (K.E.), and Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine (H.I., P.-J.J.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China (H.-Q.L.); Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing,
| | - Joy Roy
- From the Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine (H.-Q.L., X.-Y.Z., K.E., M.B., G.K.H., Z.-Q.Y.), Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology (K.E.), and Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine (H.I., P.-J.J.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China (H.-Q.L.); Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing,
| | - Ulf Hedin
- From the Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine (H.-Q.L., X.-Y.Z., K.E., M.B., G.K.H., Z.-Q.Y.), Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology (K.E.), and Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine (H.I., P.-J.J.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China (H.-Q.L.); Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing,
| | - Per-Johan Jakobsson
- From the Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine (H.-Q.L., X.-Y.Z., K.E., M.B., G.K.H., Z.-Q.Y.), Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology (K.E.), and Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine (H.I., P.-J.J.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China (H.-Q.L.); Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing,
| | - Jon D. Laman
- From the Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine (H.-Q.L., X.-Y.Z., K.E., M.B., G.K.H., Z.-Q.Y.), Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology (K.E.), and Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine (H.I., P.-J.J.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China (H.-Q.L.); Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing,
| | - Dominique P. de Kleijn
- From the Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine (H.-Q.L., X.-Y.Z., K.E., M.B., G.K.H., Z.-Q.Y.), Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology (K.E.), and Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine (H.I., P.-J.J.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China (H.-Q.L.); Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing,
| | - Gerard Pasterkamp
- From the Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine (H.-Q.L., X.-Y.Z., K.E., M.B., G.K.H., Z.-Q.Y.), Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology (K.E.), and Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine (H.I., P.-J.J.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China (H.-Q.L.); Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing,
| | - Göran K. Hansson
- From the Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine (H.-Q.L., X.-Y.Z., K.E., M.B., G.K.H., Z.-Q.Y.), Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology (K.E.), and Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine (H.I., P.-J.J.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China (H.-Q.L.); Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing,
| | - Zhong-Qun Yan
- From the Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine (H.-Q.L., X.-Y.Z., K.E., M.B., G.K.H., Z.-Q.Y.), Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology (K.E.), and Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine (H.I., P.-J.J.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China (H.-Q.L.); Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing,
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30
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Thomas CJ, Schroder K. Pattern recognition receptor function in neutrophils. Trends Immunol 2013; 34:317-28. [DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2013.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2013] [Revised: 02/26/2013] [Accepted: 02/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Koltsida O, Karamnov S, Pyrillou K, Vickery T, Chairakaki AD, Tamvakopoulos C, Sideras P, Serhan CN, Andreakos E. Toll-like receptor 7 stimulates production of specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators and promotes resolution of airway inflammation. EMBO Mol Med 2013; 5:762-75. [PMID: 23584892 PMCID: PMC3662318 DOI: 10.1002/emmm.201201891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2012] [Revised: 02/27/2013] [Accepted: 03/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Although specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) biosynthesized from polyunsaturated fatty acids are critical for the resolution of acute inflammation, the molecules and pathways that induce their production remain elusive. Here, we show that TLR7, a receptor recognizing viral ssRNA and damaged self-RNA, mobilizes the docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)-derived biosynthetic pathways that lead to the generation of D-series SPMs. In mouse macrophages and human monocytes, TLR7 activation triggered production of DHA-derived monohydroxy metabolome markers and generation of protectin D1 (PD1) and resolvin D1 (RvD1). In mouse allergic airway inflammation, TLR7 activation enhanced production of DHA-derived SPMs including PD1 and accelerated the catabasis of Th2-mediated inflammation. D-series SPMs were critical for TLR7-mediated resolution of airway inflammation as this effect was lost in Alox15−/− mice, while resolution was enhanced after local administration of PD1 or RvD1. Together, our findings reveal a new previously unsuspected role of TLR7 in the generation of D-series SPMs and the resolution of allergic airway inflammation. They also identify TLR stimulation as a new approach to drive SPMs and resolution of inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ourania Koltsida
- Division of Immunogenetics, Center for Immunology and Transplantation, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
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32
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Harrington JR, Wilkerson CP, Brake CN, Cohen ND. Effects of age and R848 stimulation on expression of Toll-like receptor 8 mRNA by foal neutrophils. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2012; 150:10-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2012.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2012] [Revised: 07/13/2012] [Accepted: 07/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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33
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Makni-Maalej K, Boussetta T, Hurtado-Nedelec M, Belambri SA, Gougerot-Pocidalo MA, El-Benna J. The TLR7/8 agonist CL097 primes N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine-stimulated NADPH oxidase activation in human neutrophils: critical role of p47phox phosphorylation and the proline isomerase Pin1. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 189:4657-65. [PMID: 23002436 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1201007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Superoxide anion production by the neutrophil NADPH oxidase plays a key role in host defense; however, excessive superoxide production is believed to participate to inflammatory reactions. Neutrophils express several TLR that recognize a variety of microbial motifs or agonists. The interaction between TLR and their agonists is believed to help neutrophils to recognize and eliminate the pathogen. However, the effects of some TLR agonists on the NADPH oxidase activation and the mechanisms controlling these effects have not been elucidated. In this study, we show that the TLR7/8 agonist CL097 by itself did not induce NADPH oxidase activation in human neutrophils, but induced a dramatic increase of fMLF-stimulated activation. Interestingly, CL097 induced cytochrome b558 translocation to the plasma membrane and the phosphorylation of the NADPH oxidase cytosolic component p47phox on Ser(345), Ser(328), and Ser(315). Phosphorylation of Ser(328) and Ser(315) was significantly increased in CL097-primed and fMLF-stimulated neutrophils. Phosphorylation of Ser(345), Ser(328), and Ser(315) was decreased by inhibitors of p38 MAPK and the ERK1/2 pathway. Phosphorylation of Ser(328) was decreased by a protein kinase C inhibitor. Genistein, a broad-range protein tyrosine kinase inhibitor, inhibited the phosphorylation of these serines. Our results also show that CL097 induced proline isomerase 1 (Pin1) activation and that juglone, a Pin1 inhibitor, inhibited CL097-mediated priming of fMLF-induced p47phox phosphorylation and superoxide production. These results show that the TLR7/8 agonist CL097 induces hyperactivation of the NADPH oxidase by stimulating the phosphorylation of p47phox on selective sites in human neutrophils and suggest that p38 MAPK, ERK1/2, protein kinase C, and Pin1 control this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karama Makni-Maalej
- INSERM, U773, Centre de Recherche Biomédicale Bichat Beaujon, Paris F-75018, France
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34
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Sarvestani ST, Williams BRG, Gantier MP. Human Toll-like receptor 8 can be cool too: implications for foreign RNA sensing. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2012; 32:350-61. [PMID: 22817608 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2012.0014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in our understanding of foreign nucleic acid sensing indicate an important role for the human Toll-like receptor (TLR) 8 in the initiation of immune responses to certain pathogens. However, TLR8, far too often grouped together with TLR7 for its common ability to detect RNA, has a function on its own in the initiation of specific proinflammatory responses to viruses and bacteria. Here, we present an overview of what is currently known of human TLR8 biology, from genetic regulation to its function in innate immunity, and discuss how TLR8 could present novel therapeutic opportunities in viral and cancer diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soroush T Sarvestani
- Centre for Cancer Research, Monash Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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35
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Reuter S, Dehzad N, Martin H, Böhm L, Becker M, Buhl R, Stassen M, Taube C. TLR3 but not TLR7/8 ligand induces allergic sensitization to inhaled allergen. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 188:5123-31. [PMID: 22491246 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1101618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies suggest that viral infections during childhood are a risk factor for the development of asthma. However, the role of virus-specific pattern recognition receptors in this process is not well defined. In the current study, we compare the effects of the inhaled viral TLR ligands polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (TLR3) and resiquimod (TLR7/8) on sensitization to a model allergen (OVA) in a murine model. Both compounds enhance the migration, activation, and Ag-processing of myeloid dendritic cells from the lung to the draining lymph nodes comparable to the effects of LPS. Application of polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid [poly(I:C)] or LPS induces production of allergen-specific IgE and IgG1, whereas resiquimod (R848) had no effect. In addition, rechallenge of mice with OVA resulted in airway inflammation and mucus production in animals that received either poly(I:C) or LPS but not after application of R848. In summary, these results show that activation of TLR3 in combination with inhaled allergen results in induction of dendritic cell activation and migration similar to the effects of LPS. This leads to the development of allergic airway disease after allergen rechallenge, whereas mice treated with R848 did not develop allergic airway disease. These findings give further insight into the effects of stimulation of different TLRs on the development of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Reuter
- III Department of Medicine, University Hospital Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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36
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Lumsden JM, Nurmukhambetova S, Klein JH, Sattabongkot J, Bennett JW, Bertholet S, Fox CB, Reed SG, Ockenhouse CF, Howard RF, Polhemus ME, Yadava A. Evaluation of immune responses to a Plasmodium vivax CSP-based recombinant protein vaccine candidate in combination with second-generation adjuvants in mice. Vaccine 2012; 30:3311-9. [PMID: 22425788 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2011] [Revised: 02/01/2012] [Accepted: 03/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Plasmodium vivax is the major cause of malaria outside of sub-Saharan Africa and causes morbidity and results in significant economic impact in developing countries. In order to produce a P. vivax vaccine for global use, we have previously reported the development of VMP001, based on the circumsporozoite protein (CSP) of P. vivax. Our interest is to evaluate second-generation vaccine formulations to identify novel combinations of adjuvants capable of inducing strong, long-lasting immune responses. In this study, groups of C57BL/6J mice were immunized subcutaneously three times with VMP001 emulsified with synthetic TLR4 (GLA) or TLR7/8 (R848) agonist in stable emulsion (SE), a combination of the TLR4 and TLR7/8 agonists, or SE alone. Sera and splenocytes were tested for the presence of antigen-specific humoral and cellular responses, respectively. All groups of mice generated high titers of anti-P. vivax IgG antibodies as detected by ELISA and immunofluorescence assay. GLA-SE promoted a shift in the antibody response to a Th1 profile, as demonstrated by the change in IgG2c/IgG1 ratio. In addition, GLA-SE induced a strong cellular immune response characterized by multi-functional, antigen-specific CD4(+) T cells secreting IL-2, TNF and IFN-γ. In contrast, mice immunized with SE or R848-SE produced low numbers of antigen-specific CD4(+) T cells, and these T cells secreted IL-2 and TNF, but not IFN-γ. Finally, R848-SE did not enhance the immune response compared to GLA-SE alone. Based on these results, we conclude that the combination of VMP001 and GLA-SE is highly immunogenic in mice and may serve as a potential second-generation vaccine candidate against vivax malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne M Lumsden
- Malaria Vaccine Branch United States, Military Malaria Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, United States
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Kogut MH, He H, Genovese KJ. Bacterial toll-like receptor agonists induce sequential NF-κB-mediated leukotriene B4 and prostaglandin E2 production in chicken heterophils. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2011; 145:159-70. [PMID: 22119018 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2011.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2011] [Revised: 10/25/2011] [Accepted: 11/03/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Studies of the response of the primary avian polymorphonuclear leukocyte, the heterophil, to microbe associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) through toll-like receptors (TLR) has concentrated on the activation of the respiratory burst, release of intracellular granules, and the induction of cytokine and chemokine expression. Virtually no studies have been described on the role of lipid mediators, leukotrienes and prostaglandins, as effectors of the avian inflammatory response. We have previously shown that flagellin (FLG), the bacterial lipoprotein mimic palmitoly-3-cysteine-serine-lysine-4 (PAM), and unmethylated CpG motifs of bacteria DNA (CpG) are all potent activators of the avian innate immune system. In the present studies, we hypothesized that FLG, PAM, and CpG are also capable of eliciting the production of these lipid mediators of inflammation by avian heterophils. Compared to non-stimulated control heterophils, all three TLR agonists were potent inducers (3-5-fold increase) of a rapid production (30 min) of leukotriene B(4) (LTB(4)) followed by a later release (60-120 min) of prostaglandin (PGE(2)) by the heterophils. LTB(4) and PGE(2) production were derived from lipoxygenase-5 (5-LO) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) enzymatic activities, respectively, as the selective 5-LO (caffeic acid) and COX-2 (NS-398) inhibitors eliminated LTB(4) and PGE(2) production from the MAMP-stimulated heterophils. These results demonstrate that both the lipoxygenase and cycloxygenase pathways are operational in avian heterophils in response to bacterial MAMPs. Treatment of heterophils with either FLG, PAM, or CpG also induced a significant increase in DNA binding by NF-κB family members' p50, c-Rel, and RelB. Additionally, the production of LTB(4) and PGE(2) were inhibited following treatment of heterophils with the specific pharmacologic inhibitor of NF-κB (Bay 11-7086), thus suggesting that TLR pathway activation of NF-κB controls LTB(4) and PGE(2) production. This the first report of the production of lipid mediators of inflammation by avian heterophils in response to PAMPs. Since FLG, lipoproteins, and bacterial CpG DNA are abundant during bacterial infections, these data support their role in the inflammatory response mediated by avian heterophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael H Kogut
- USDA-ARS, Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, College Station, TX 77845, USA.
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Brigelius-Flohé R, Flohé L. Basic principles and emerging concepts in the redox control of transcription factors. Antioxid Redox Signal 2011; 15:2335-81. [PMID: 21194351 PMCID: PMC3166203 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2010.3534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 432] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Convincing concepts of redox control of gene transcription have been worked out for prokaryotes and lower eukaryotes, whereas the knowledge on complex mammalian systems still resembles a patchwork of poorly connected findings. The article, therefore, reviews principles of redox regulation with special emphasis on chemical feasibility, kinetic requirements, specificity, and physiological context, taking well investigated mammalian transcription factor systems, nuclear transcription factor of bone marrow-derived lymphocytes (NF-κB), and kelch-like ECH-associated protein-1 (Keap1)/Nrf2, as paradigms. Major conclusions are that (i) direct signaling by free radicals is restricted to O(2)•- and •NO and can be excluded for fast reacting radicals such as •OH, •OR, or Cl•; (ii) oxidant signals are H(2)O(2), enzymatically generated lipid hydroperoxides, and peroxynitrite; (iii) free radical damage is sensed via generation of Michael acceptors; (iv) protein thiol oxidation/alkylation is the prominent mechanism to modulate function; (v) redox sensors must be thiol peroxidases by themselves or proteins with similarly reactive cysteine or selenocysteine (Sec) residues to kinetically compete with glutathione peroxidase (GPx)- and peroxiredoxin (Prx)-type peroxidases or glutathione-S-transferases, respectively, a postulate that still has to be verified for putative mammalian sensors. S-transferases and Prxs are considered for system complementation. The impact of NF-κB and Nrf2 on hormesis, management of inflammatory diseases, and cancer prevention is critically discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina Brigelius-Flohé
- Department Biochemistry of Micronutrients, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, Nuthetal, Germany.
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Lefebvre JS, Lévesque T, Picard S, Paré G, Gravel A, Flamand L, Borgeat P. Extra domain A of fibronectin primes leukotriene biosynthesis and stimulates neutrophil migration through activation of Toll-like receptor 4. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 63:1527-33. [PMID: 21360520 DOI: 10.1002/art.30308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There is increasing evidence of a role for Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in inflammatory arthritis. The extra domain A (ED-A)-containing isoform of fibronectin is generated under pathologic conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, and ED-A has been identified as an endogenous TLR-4 ligand. Leukotriene B4 (LTB4) and polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) play a critical role in murine models of inflammatory arthritis. The aim of this study was therefore to investigate the putative effects of ED-A on leukotriene biosynthesis and PMN migration through TLR signaling. METHODS The effect of recombinant human ED-A (rhED-A) on leukotriene biosynthesis was evaluated in isolated human blood PMNs and monocytes by high-performance liquid chromatography. The capacity of rhED-A to stimulate PMN migration was evaluated using a transendothelial/matrix migration assay in vitro and the mouse air-pouch model in vivo. RESULTS Recombinant human ED-A efficiently primed the biosynthesis of LTB4 in PMN and monocyte suspensions. This priming effect was dependent on TLR-4 activation, since the TLR-4-signaling inhibitor CLI-095 completely blocked the effect of rhED-A but not that of other TLR ligands (R-848, Pam2 CSK4) or cytokines. Moreover, rhED-A stimulated transendothelial migration of PMNs in vitro, which was inhibited by 50-60% with the LTB4 receptor 1 (BLT1) antagonist CP105,696 or the cytosolic phospholipase A2 α inhibitor pyrrophenone. In vivo, rhED-A induced a significant PMN recruitment into the air pouch of C3H/HeOuJ mice (expressing functional TLR-4), but not in C3H/HeJ mice (expressing nonsignaling TLR-4). CONCLUSION These results demonstrate the ability of rhED-A to promote LTB4 biosynthesis and PMN migration through TLR-4 activation, thus providing new insights on TLR-dependent mechanisms of regulation of LTB4 biosynthesis and PMN infiltration in inflammatory joint diseases.
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Prince LR, Whyte MK, Sabroe I, Parker LC. The role of TLRs in neutrophil activation. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2011; 11:397-403. [PMID: 21741310 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2011.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2011] [Revised: 06/15/2011] [Accepted: 06/15/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophils are key innate immune effector cells that are rapidly recruited to sites of infection and inflammation to provide early defence against invading microorganisms. This function is facilitated by the expression of Toll-like receptor (TLR) family members by neutrophils, allowing the recognition of an extensive repertoire of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and thus triggering the response to invading pathogens. TLR activation leads to important cellular processes including reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, cytokine production and increased survival, all of which can contribute to the pathogenesis of chronic inflammation when signalling becomes dysregulated. In turn, inflammation and tissue injury results in the release of endogenous TLR ligands, known as damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), which are a rapidly growing class of potent inflammatory stimuli. DAMPs act in an autocrine manner, alerting the host of damage, but can also amplify inflammation leading to further tissue damage. This review highlights recent literature on neutrophil TLR function and regulation during disease, and provides an overview of the recently emerging area of neutrophil responses to DAMPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynne R Prince
- Department of Infection and Immunity, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
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Kaufman EH, Fryer AD, Jacoby DB. Toll-like receptor 7 agonists are potent and rapid bronchodilators in guinea pigs. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2010; 127:462-9. [PMID: 21167577 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2010.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2010] [Revised: 09/07/2010] [Accepted: 10/19/2010] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Respiratory tract viral infections result in asthma exacerbations. Toll-like receptor (TLR) 7 is a receptor for viral single-stranded RNA and is expressed at high levels in the lungs. OBJECTIVE Because TLR7 polymorphisms are associated with asthma, we examined the effects of TLR7 agonists in guinea pig airways. METHODS We induced bronchoconstriction in guinea pigs in vivo by means of electrical stimulation of the vagus nerve or intravenous administration of acetylcholine and measured the effect of a TLR7 agonist administered intravenously. We induced contraction of airway smooth muscle in segments of isolated guinea pig tracheas in vitro and measured the effect of TLR7 agonists, antagonists, and pharmacologic inhibitors of associated signaling pathways administered directly to the bath. RESULTS TLR7 agonists acutely inhibited bronchoconstriction in vivo and relaxed contraction of airway smooth muscle in vitro within minutes of administration. Airway relaxation induced by the TLR7 agonist R837 (imiquimod) was partially blocked with a TLR7 antagonist and was also blocked by inhibitors of large-conductance, calcium-activated potassium channels; prostaglandin synthesis; and nitric oxide generation. Another TLR7 agonist, 21-mer single-stranded phosphorothioated polyuridylic acid (PolyUs), mediated relaxation that was completely blocked by a TLR7 antagonist. CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrate a novel protective mechanism to limit bronchoconstriction and maintain airflow during respiratory tract viral infections. The fast time frame is inconsistent with canonical TLR7 signaling. R837 mediates bronchodilation by means of TLR7-dependent and TLR7-independent mechanisms, whereas PolyUs does so through only the TLR7-dependent mechanism. TLR7-independent mechanisms involve prostaglandins and large-conductance, calcium-activated potassium channels, whereas TLR7-dependent mechanisms involve nitric oxide. TLR7 is an attractive therapeutic target for its ability to reverse bronchoconstriction within minutes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elad H Kaufman
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
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Grimm M, Kim M, Rosenwald A, Heemann U, Germer CT, Waaga-Gasser AM, Gasser M. Toll-like receptor (TLR) 7 and TLR8 expression on CD133+ cells in colorectal cancer points to a specific role for inflammation-induced TLRs in tumourigenesis and tumour progression. Eur J Cancer 2010; 46:2849-57. [PMID: 20728343 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2010.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2010] [Revised: 07/02/2010] [Accepted: 07/14/2010] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Toll-like receptor (TLR) stimulation results in activation of NF-κB, a key modulator in driving inflammation to cancer and mitogen-activated protein kinases that have been shown to recruit mitotic and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) induced pathways in carcinogenesis. Here we asked whether different TLR, COX-2 and stem cell marker expression profiles in colorectal cancer (CRC) provide further evidence for this hypothesis from a clinical perspective. We analysed gene and protein expression of TLR7-TLR10, COX-2 and CD133 as a marker for colon-initiating cells in CRC patients (n=65). Gene analysis demonstrated significantly upregulated TLR7-TLR10 and COX-2 expression in CRC tumour tissues. Analysis of isolated tumour cells from primary tumours showed co-expression of TLR7 and TLR8 with CD133 and gave evidence for a subpopulation of colon cancer-initiating cells. In multivariate analyses TLR8 expression was found to be an independent prognostic factor. Persistent TLR-specific activation of NF-κB in CRC and particularly in tumour-initiating cells may thus sustain further tumour growth and progression through perpetuated signalling known from inflammatory and tissue repair mechanisms with consecutive self-renewal in pluripotent tumour cells. Activation through self-ligands or viral RNA fragments may putatively maintain this inflammatory process, suggesting a key role in cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Grimm
- Department of Surgery I, Molecular Oncology and Immunology, University of Wuerzburg, 97080 Wuerzburg, Germany
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Abstract
Prolonged or repeated stimulation of Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 leads to hyporesponsiveness of monocyte-derived macrophages, which seems to be a hallmark of immunosuppression related to sepsis and cancer. Two negative regulators of TLR-4 signaling are IL-1 receptor-associated kinase M and B-cell leukemia 3. Here, we demonstrate that the expression of both proteins is inhibited when the TLR-7/TLR-8 agonist CL097 is added to monocyte cultures despite costimulation with the TLR-4 agonist LPS or hyaluronic acid. Reduction of IL-1 receptor-associated kinase M and B-cell leukemia 3 was paralleled by a significant increased cytokine induction of TNF-alpha, IL-10, and IL-12 observed after intracellular and extracellular TLR stimulation. In ex vivo stimulated whole blood of patients who have prolonged sepsis or metastatic cancer, TLR-7/TLR-8 agonists retained their ability of increased stimulation of TNF-alpha. These data might add to the understanding of sepsis and cancer-associated immune suppression in men.
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Lefebvre JS, Marleau S, Milot V, Lévesque T, Picard S, Flamand N, Borgeat P. Toll-like receptor ligands induce polymorphonuclear leukocyte migration: key roles for leukotriene B4 and platelet-activating factor. FASEB J 2009; 24:637-47. [PMID: 19843712 DOI: 10.1096/fj.09-135624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Activation of toll-like receptors (TLRs) and polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) accumulation at infection sites are critical events of host defense. The involvement of leukotriene (LT) B(4) and platelet-activating factor (PAF) in TLR ligand-induced activation of inflammatory cell functions is essentially unknown. Using an in vitro model of human PMN migration through human endothelial cell monolayers, we demonstrate that prototypic ligands of TLR1/2, 2/6, 3, 4, 5, and 7/8 promote PMN migration, an effect markedly inhibited by 3 LTB(4) receptor antagonists (70-80% inhibition at 100 nM compared to vehicle-treated cells), 3 PAF receptor antagonists (20-50% inhibition at 10 nM), 3 LT biosynthesis inhibitors (75-85% inhibition at 100 nM), and 1 cytosolic phospholipase A(2)alpha (cPLA(2)alpha) inhibitor (90% inhibition at 1 microM). Accordingly, selected TLR ligands caused Ser-505-phosphorylation of cPLA(2)alpha and measurable LTB(4) and PAF biosynthesis in the transmigration assay. As negative controls, interleukin-8- and formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine-elicited migration in vitro was not inhibited either by an LTB(4) receptor antagonist or by the cPLA(2)alpha inhibitor. Finally, LTB(4) and PAF receptor antagonists inhibited (up to approximately 65% at optimal doses) TLR ligand-induced PMN infiltration in the mouse air-pouch model. These studies unravel the critical involvement of de novo LTB(4) and PAF biosynthesis in PMN migration elicited by TLR ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie S Lefebvre
- Centre de Recherche en Rhumatologie et Immunologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, 2705 Laurier Blvd., Rm. T1-49, Québec, QC, Canada, G1V 4G2
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Montero Vega M, de Andrés Martín A. The significance of toll-like receptors in human diseases. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr) 2009; 37:252-63. [PMID: 19853360 DOI: 10.1016/j.aller.2009.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2009] [Accepted: 04/13/2009] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a family of transmembrane receptors that have been preserved throughout evolution and which selectively recognize a broad spectrum of microbial components and endogenous molecules released by injured tissue. Identification of these ligands by TLRs triggers signalling pathways which lead to the expression of numerous genes involved in a defensive response. In mammals, the products of these genes initiate inflammation, coordinate the effector functions of innate immunity, instruct and modulate adaptive immunity and initiate tissue repair and regeneration. Different mutations and experimental models which alter TLR function have revealed the significance of these receptors in susceptibility to infection and their involvement in the pathogenesis of a large number of non-infective inflammatory disorders such as cancer, allergy, autoimmunity, inflammatory bowel disease, or atherosclerosis. TLRs are currently viewed as important targets for the development of new vaccines and innovative therapies to prevent and treat human diseases.
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Katsargyris A, Klonaris C, Alexandrou A, Giakoustidis AE, Vasileiou I, Theocharis S. Toll-like receptors in liver ischemia reperfusion injury: a novel target for therapeutic modulation? Expert Opin Ther Targets 2009; 13:427-42. [PMID: 19335065 DOI: 10.1517/14728220902794939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is increasing evidence that Toll-like receptors (TLRs) sense host tissue damage by engaging with endogenous ligands. TLRs are considered to be involved in many primarily non-immune-related diseases. Hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) represents one of these disorders. OBJECTIVE To present the latest findings supporting the involvement of TLRs in liver IRI and to explore their role as potential targets for therapeutic intervention. METHODS A review of the literature summarizing the latest advances in TLR signaling, the role of TLRs in each hepatic cell population and the involvement of TLRs in the pathophysiology of hepatic IRI. The potential role of TLR-targeting treatment strategies in liver IRI is discussed. CONCLUSIONS Recent experimental evidence suggests that TLR activation on Kupffer cells provides the triggering signal for pro-inflammatory responses that lead to liver IRI. Modulating TLR signaling could have a beneficial effect in patients with liver IRI.
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Nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) activation primes cells to a pro-inflammatory polarized response to a Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) agonist. Biochem J 2009; 421:301-10. [PMID: 19426145 DOI: 10.1042/bj20090013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
TLR7 (Toll-like receptor 7) mediates anti-viral immunity by recognizing ssRNA (single-stranded RNA) viruses. Small-molecular-mass TLR7 agonists have been approved, or are being evaluated, for treatment of cancers or infectious diseases. Although TLR7 is predominantly expressed in a restricted set of immune cell types, including pDCs (plasmacytoid dendritic cells), it is also expressed in non-native expressing cells (e.g. hepatocytes) under certain circumstances. To elucidate the molecular basis of TLR7 induction by pro-inflammatory stimulation and the subsequent cellular responses in these non-native TLR7-expressing cell types, we first cloned and characterized the 5'-promoter region of TLR7. The proximal region of this promoter drives the transcription of the TLR7 gene. Pro-inflammatory stimuli activated TLR 7 transcription via a NF-kappaB (nuclear factor kappaB)-binding motif in this region, and this activation could be blocked by mutation of the NF-kappaB binding site or addition of NF-kappaB inhibitors. Further studies showed that pretreatment of the Hep3B hepatocytes with TNF-alpha (tumour necrosis factor-alpha) or IL-1 (interleukin-1) rendered them responsive to TLR7 activation by a TLR7 agonist. However, distinct from TLR7 activation in pDCs, which respond to stimulation with Th1 polarized cytokine production, TLR7 induction by pro-inflammatory signals in hepatocytes reconstitutes the NF-kappaB-dependent cascade but not the IRF7 (interferon regulatory factor 7)-dependent cascade, resulting in a pro-inflammatory polarized response rather than a Th1 polarized response. These results indicate that inflammatory stimulation is capable of priming cells to respond to TLR7 agonist with an immune response that differs from that in native TLR7-expressing cells.
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Yanagisawa S, Koarai A, Sugiura H, Ichikawa T, Kanda M, Tanaka R, Akamatsu K, Hirano T, Matsunaga K, Minakata Y, Ichinose M. Oxidative stress augments toll-like receptor 8 mediated neutrophilic responses in healthy subjects. Respir Res 2009; 10:50. [PMID: 19527497 PMCID: PMC2704194 DOI: 10.1186/1465-9921-10-50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2009] [Accepted: 06/15/2009] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Excessive oxidative stress has been reported to be generated in inflamed tissues and contribute to the pathogenesis of inflammatory lung diseases, exacerbations of which induced by viral infections are associated with toll-like receptor (TLR) activation. Among these receptors, TLR8 has been reported as a key receptor that recognizes single-strand RNA virus. However, it remains unknown whether TLR8 signaling is potentiated by oxidative stress. The aim of this study is to examine whether oxidative stress modulates TLR8 signaling in vitro. Methods Human peripheral blood neutrophils were obtained from healthy non-smokers and stimulated with TLR 7/8 agonist imidazoquinoline resiquimod (R848) in the presence or absence of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Neutrophilic responses including cytokine release, superoxide production and chemotaxis were examined, and the signal transduction was also analyzed. Results Activation of TLR8, but not TLR7, augmented IL-8 release. The R848-augmented IL-8 release was significantly potentiated by pretreatment with H2O2 (p < 0.01), and N-acetyl-L-cysteine reversed this potentiation. The combination of H2O2 and R848 significantly potentiated NF-kB phosphorylation and IkBα degradation. The H2O2-potentiated IL-8 release was suppressed by MG-132, a proteosome inhibitor, and by dexamethasone. The expressions of TLR8, myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (MyD88), and tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) were not affected by H2O2. Conclusion TLR8-mediated neutrophilic responses were markedly potentiated by oxidative stress, and the potentiation was mediated by enhanced NF-kB activation. These results suggest that oxidative stress might potentiate the neutrophilic inflammation during viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoru Yanagisawa
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, School of Medicine, Wakayama, Japan.
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Lindner SC, Köhl U, Maier TJ, Steinhilber D, Sorg BL. TLR2 ligands augment cPLA2
α activity and lead to enhanced leukotriene release in human monocytes. J Leukoc Biol 2009; 86:389-99. [DOI: 10.1189/jlb.1008591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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Janke M, Poth J, Wimmenauer V, Giese T, Coch C, Barchet W, Schlee M, Hartmann G. Selective and direct activation of human neutrophils but not eosinophils by Toll-like receptor 8. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2009; 123:1026-33. [PMID: 19361845 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2009.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2008] [Revised: 01/26/2009] [Accepted: 02/12/2009] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Granulocytes represent the largest fraction of immune cells in peripheral blood and are directly exposed to circulating Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands. Although highly relevant for TLR-based therapies, because of the technical challenge, activation of the granulocyte subsets of neutrophils and eosinophils by TLR ligands is less well studied than activation of other immune cell subsets. OBJECTIVE The aim of this work was to study direct versus indirect neutrophil and eosinophil activation by TLR7 and TLR8 ligands. METHODS We used a new whole-blood assay, single cell-based cytokine detection, and highly purified primary human neutrophils and eosinophils to separate direct and indirect effects on these blood cell subsets. RESULTS We found indirect but not direct activation of neutrophils but not eosinophils in whole blood by using unmodified immunostimulatory RNA (isRNA; TLR7/8 ligand). In contrast, direct activation and stimulation of the respiratory burst and degranulation was seen with nuclease-stable isRNA and with the small-molecule TLR8 agonist 3M002 but not 3M001 (TLR7). Neutrophils expressed TLR8 but none of the other 2 RNA-detecting TLRs (TLR3 and TLR7). CONCLUSIONS Together, these results demonstrate that neutrophils are directly and fully activated through TLR8 but not TLR7. Furthermore, the results predict that the clinical utility of small-molecule TLR8 ligands or nuclease-stable RNA ligands for TLR8 might be limited because of neutrophil-mediated toxicity and that no such limitation applies for unmodified isRNA, which is known to induce desired T(H)1 activities in other immune cell subsets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Janke
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Pharmacology, University Hospital, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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