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Jara TC, Park K, Vahmani P, Van Eenennaam AL, Smith LR, Denicol AC. Stem cell-based strategies and challenges for production of cultivated meat. NATURE FOOD 2023; 4:841-853. [PMID: 37845547 DOI: 10.1038/s43016-023-00857-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Cultivated meat scale-up and industrial production will require multiple stable cell lines from different species to recreate the organoleptic and nutritional properties of meat from livestock. In this Review, we explore the potential of stem cells to create the major cellular components of cultivated meat. By using developments in the fields of tissue engineering and biomedicine, we explore the advantages and disadvantages of strategies involving primary adult and pluripotent stem cells for generating cell sources that can be grown at scale. These myogenic, adipogenic or extracellular matrix-producing adult stem cells as well as embryonic or inducible pluripotent stem cells are discussed for their proliferative and differentiation capacity, necessary for cultivated meat. We examine the challenges for industrial scale-up, including differentiation and culture protocols, as well as genetic modification options for stem cell immortalization and controlled differentiation. Finally, we discuss stem cell-related safety and regulatory challenges for bringing cultivated meat to the marketplace.
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Affiliation(s)
- T C Jara
- Department of Animal Science, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - K Park
- Department of Animal Science, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - P Vahmani
- Department of Animal Science, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - A L Van Eenennaam
- Department of Animal Science, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - L R Smith
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology and Behavior, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
| | - A C Denicol
- Department of Animal Science, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
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2
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Sato T. Induction of Skeletal Muscle Progenitors and Stem Cells from human induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. J Neuromuscul Dis 2021; 7:395-405. [PMID: 32538862 PMCID: PMC7592659 DOI: 10.3233/jnd-200497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have the potential to differentiate into various types of cells and tissues including skeletal muscle. The approach to convert these stem cells into skeletal muscle cells offers hope for patients afflicted with skeletal muscle diseases such as Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). Several methods have been reported to induce myogenic differentiation with iPSCs derived from myogenic patients. An important point for generating skeletal muscle cells from iPSCs is to understand in vivo myogenic induction in development and regeneration. Current protocols of myogenic induction utilize techniques with overexpression of myogenic transcription factors such as Myod1(MyoD), Pax3, Pax7, and others, using recombinant proteins or small molecules to induce mesodermal cells followed by myogenic progenitors, and adult muscle stem cells. This review summarizes the current approaches used for myogenic induction and highlights recent improvements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiko Sato
- Department of Anatomy, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan.,AMED-CREST, AMED, Otemachi, Chiyoda, Tokyo, Japan
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3
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Biressi S, Filareto A, Rando TA. Stem cell therapy for muscular dystrophies. J Clin Invest 2021; 130:5652-5664. [PMID: 32946430 DOI: 10.1172/jci142031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscular dystrophies are a heterogeneous group of genetic diseases, characterized by progressive degeneration of skeletal and cardiac muscle. Despite the intense investigation of different therapeutic options, a definitive treatment has not been developed for this debilitating class of pathologies. Cell-based therapies in muscular dystrophies have been pursued experimentally for the last three decades. Several cell types with different characteristics and tissues of origin, including myogenic stem and progenitor cells, stromal cells, and pluripotent stem cells, have been investigated over the years and have recently entered in the clinical arena with mixed results. In this Review, we do a roundup of the past attempts and describe the updated status of cell-based therapies aimed at counteracting the skeletal and cardiac myopathy present in dystrophic patients. We present current challenges, summarize recent progress, and make recommendations for future research and clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Biressi
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO) and.,Dulbecco Telethon Institute, University of Trento, Povo, Italy
| | - Antonio Filareto
- Department of Research Beyond Borders, Regenerative Medicine, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc., Ridgefield, Conneticut, USA
| | - Thomas A Rando
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences and.,Paul F. Glenn Center for the Biology of Aging, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.,Center for Tissue Regeneration, Repair and Restoration, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California, USA
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4
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Bidirectional myofiber transition through altering the photobiomodulation condition. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2020; 212:112041. [PMID: 33002778 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2020.112041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Despite remarkable advancements in modern medicine, muscular atrophy remains as an unsolved problem. It is well known that pathological characteristics of different atrophy types could vary according to the pathophysiological causes. In fact, the lesion of atrophy is not always homogenously distributed but often predominantly evident in either fast or slow myofibers. As the focalization of the atrophic lesions, the existence and the functional impairment of each fast and slow progenitor/satellite cell (SC) are suspected though there are still controversies about this hypothesis. In this study, we isolated Pax7 positive (Pax7+ve) SCs from the tibia anterior (fast) and soleus (slow) muscles respectively and successfully demonstrated, for the first time, the difference between optimal exposure durations of photobiomodulation (PBM) which was known as low level laser irradiation (LLLI) in promoting proliferation of Pax7+ve SC which were acquired from fast and slow muscles respectively. Moreover, a hypertrophy-accompanied bidirectional change in myofiber composition with neuromuscular junction alteration, either from slow to fast or fast to slow, were achieved by applying different PBM durations. Simultaneously, PBM exhibited a synergistic effect with muscle exercise on the increase in myofiber size. Our data suggested the existence of at least two different populations of Pax7+ve SC which possess distinct sensitivities towards PBM. As our data revealed the capability of PBM in bidirectional changes of skeletal muscle composition and neuromuscular junction constitution thereby strengthen its contractility through altering the irradiation condition, we believe PBM showed the potential to be as a promising clinical treatment for muscular atrophy.
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Wu MH, Lin CY, Hou CY, Sheu MT, Chang H. Micronized sacchachitin promotes satellite cell proliferation through TAK1-JNK-AP-1 signaling pathway predominantly by TLR2 activation. Chin Med 2020; 15:100. [PMID: 33514380 PMCID: PMC7510329 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-020-00381-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ganoderma sp., such as Ganoderma tsugae (GT), play an important role in traditional Chinese medicine. Ganoderma sp. contains several constituents, including Sacacchin, which has recently drawn attention because it can not only enhance the repair of muscle damage but also strengthen the muscle enforcement. Although Ganoderma sp. have a therapeutic effect for neuromuscular disorders, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. This study investigated the effect and underlying molecular mechanism of micronized sacchachitin (mSC) on satellite cells (SCs), which are known as the muscle stem cells. METHODS The myogenic cells, included SCs (Pax7+) were isolated from tibialis anterior muscles of a healthy rat and were cultured in growth media with different mSC concentrations. For the evaluation of SC proliferation, these cultivated cells were immunostained with Pax7 and bromodeoxyuridine assessed simultaneously. The molecular signal pathway was further investigated by using Western blotting and signal pathway inhibitors. RESULTS Our data revealed that 200 µg/mL mSC had an optimal capability to significantly enhance the SC proliferation. Furthermore, this enhancement of SC proliferation was verified to be involved with activation of TAK1-JNK-AP-1 signaling pathway through TLR2, whose expression on SC surface was confirmed for the first time here. CONCLUSION Micronized sacchachitin extracted from GT was capable of promoting the proliferation of SC under a correct concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Huang Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, Taipei Medical University Hospital, No. 252 Wuxing St., Taipei, 11031, Taiwan.,Department of Orthopedics, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, No. 250 Wuxing St., Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | - Chuang-Yu Lin
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Chun-Yin Hou
- Department of Family Medicine, Taipei City Hospital, Zhongxiao Branch, No. 87 Tongde Rd., Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Thau Sheu
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, No. 250 Wuxing St., Taipei, 11031, Taiwan.
| | - Hsi Chang
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, No. 250 Wuxing St., Taipei, 11031, Taiwan. .,Department of Pediatrics, Taipei Medical University Hospital, No. 252 Wuxing St., Taipei, 11031, Taiwan.
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6
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Lin CY, Hou CY, Tsai CM, Chang H. Muscle type from which satellite cells are derived plays a role in their damage response. CHINESE J PHYSIOL 2020; 63:113-121. [PMID: 32594064 DOI: 10.4103/cjp.cjp_98_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the response of satellite cells to muscular atrophies which possess different pathological characteristics and which were induced by distinct damages. Right lower limbs of rats were exposed to denervation or disuse and later its tibialis anterior (TA) or soleus (SOL) muscles were analyzed. After confirming their functional impairments indicated by common but distinct pathological and electrophysiological characteristics, the quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis of Pax7 and Pax3 expressions and the number of Pax7+ve and Pax3+ve cells were analyzed sequentially at day 0, day 7, and day 14. TA muscles of both denervation- and disuse-induced atrophy models showed persisted low level of Pax7 expression from day 7 (0.91 ± 0.23 and 0.31 ± 0.07, P = 0.06, n = 6) through day 14 (1.09 ± 0.15 and 0.4 ± 0.09 [P < 0.05]). On the other hand, significant elevations were observed in Pax3 expression in both atrophy models (2.73 ± 0.46 and 2.75 ± 0.26 [P < 0.05]) at day 7. Similar to TA muscle, resembled pattern of Pax7 and Pax3 expression changes were observed between the SOL muscles of denervation- and disused-atrophy models. These trends were further confirmed by the changes in Pax7+ve and Pax3+ve cell numbers of TA and SOL muscles in both atrophy models. Despite the distinct pathological findings, similar patterns in the changes of Pax3 and Pax7 expressions and the changes of Pax7+ve and Pax3+ve cell numbers were observed between the denervation- and disuse-induced atrophy models and this commonality was admitted among the muscle type. Therefore, we claim that the muscle regeneration orchestrated by satellite cells was governed by the muscle type in which satellite cells reside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuang-Yu Lin
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Chun-Yin Hou
- Department of Family Medicine, Taipei City Hospital, Zhongxiao Branch, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Min Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsi Chang
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University; Department of Pediatrics, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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7
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Florkowska A, Meszka I, Zawada M, Legutko D, Proszynski TJ, Janczyk-Ilach K, Streminska W, Ciemerych MA, Grabowska I. Pax7 as molecular switch regulating early and advanced stages of myogenic mouse ESC differentiation in teratomas. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:238. [PMID: 32552916 PMCID: PMC7301568 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01742-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pluripotent stem cells present the ability to self-renew and undergo differentiation into any cell type building an organism. Importantly, a lot of evidence on embryonic stem cell (ESC) differentiation comes from in vitro studies. However, ESCs cultured in vitro do not necessarily behave as cells differentiating in vivo. For this reason, we used teratomas to study early and advanced stages of in vivo ESC myogenic differentiation and the role of Pax7 in this process. Pax7 transcription factor plays a crucial role in the formation and differentiation of skeletal muscle precursor cells during embryonic development. It controls the expression of other myogenic regulators and also acts as an anti-apoptotic factor. It is also involved in the formation and maintenance of satellite cell population. Methods In vivo approach we used involved generation and analysis of pluripotent stem cell-derived teratomas. Such model allows to analyze early and also terminal stages of tissue differentiation, for example, terminal stages of myogenesis, including the formation of innervated and vascularized mature myofibers. Results We determined how the lack of Pax7 function affects the generation of different myofiber types. In Pax7−/− teratomas, the skeletal muscle tissue occupied significantly smaller area, as compared to Pax7+/+ ones. The proportion of myofibers expressing Myh3 and Myh2b did not differ between Pax7+/+ and Pax7−/− teratomas. However, the area of Myh7 and Myh2a myofibers was significantly lower in Pax7−/− ones. Molecular characteristic of skeletal muscles revealed that the levels of mRNAs coding Myh isoforms were significantly lower in Pax7−/− teratomas. The level of mRNAs encoding Pax3 was significantly higher, while the expression of Nfix, Eno3, Mck, Mef2a, and Itga7 was significantly lower in Pax7−/− teratomas, as compared to Pax7+/+ ones. We proved that the number of satellite cells in Pax7−/− teratomas was significantly reduced. Finally, analysis of neuromuscular junction localization in samples prepared with the iDISCO method confirmed that the organization of neuromuscular junctions in Pax7−/− teratomas was impaired. Conclusions Pax7−/− ESCs differentiate in vivo to embryonic myoblasts more readily than Pax7+/+ cells. In the absence of functional Pax7, initiation of myogenic differentiation is facilitated, and as a result, the expression of mesoderm embryonic myoblast markers is upregulated. However, in the absence of functional Pax7 neuromuscular junctions, formation is abnormal, what results in lower differentiation potential of Pax7−/− ESCs during advanced stages of myogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Florkowska
- Department of Cytology, Institute of Developmental Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Igor Meszka
- Department of Cytology, Institute of Developmental Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Zawada
- Department of Cytology, Institute of Developmental Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Diana Legutko
- Department of Cytology, Institute of Developmental Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.,Laboratory of Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz J Proszynski
- Laboratory of Synaptogenesis, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.,Present Address: Lukasiewicz Research Network - PORT Polish Center for Technology Development, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Janczyk-Ilach
- Department of Cytology, Institute of Developmental Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wladyslawa Streminska
- Department of Cytology, Institute of Developmental Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maria A Ciemerych
- Department of Cytology, Institute of Developmental Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Iwona Grabowska
- Department of Cytology, Institute of Developmental Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
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8
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Gene expression profiling of skeletal myogenesis in human embryonic stem cells reveals a potential cascade of transcription factors regulating stages of myogenesis, including quiescent/activated satellite cell-like gene expression. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0222946. [PMID: 31560727 PMCID: PMC6764674 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0222946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Human embryonic stem cell (hESC)-derived skeletal muscle progenitors (SMP)—defined as PAX7-expressing cells with myogenic potential—can provide an abundant source of donor material for muscle stem cell therapy. As in vitro myogenesis is decoupled from in vivo timing and 3D-embryo structure, it is important to characterize what stage or type of muscle is modeled in culture. Here, gene expression profiling is analyzed in hESCs over a 50 day skeletal myogenesis protocol and compared to datasets of other hESC-derived skeletal muscle and adult murine satellite cells. Furthermore, day 2 cultures differentiated with high or lower concentrations of CHIR99021, a GSK3A/GSK3B inhibitor, were contrasted. Expression profiling of the 50 day time course identified successively expressed gene subsets involved in mesoderm/paraxial mesoderm induction, somitogenesis, and skeletal muscle commitment/formation which could be regulated by a putative cascade of transcription factors. Initiating differentiation with higher CHIR99021 concentrations significantly increased expression of MSGN1 and TGFB-superfamily genes, notably NODAL, resulting in enhanced paraxial mesoderm and reduced ectoderm/neuronal gene expression. Comparison to adult satellite cells revealed that genes expressed in 50-day cultures correlated better with those expressed by quiescent or early activated satellite cells, which have the greatest therapeutic potential. Day 50 cultures were similar to other hESC-derived skeletal muscle and both expressed known and novel SMP surface proteins. Overall, a putative cascade of transcription factors has been identified which regulates four stages of myogenesis. Subsets of these factors were upregulated by high CHIR99021 or their binding sites were significantly over-represented during SMP activation, ranging from quiescent to late-activated stages. This analysis serves as a resource to further study the progression of in vitro skeletal myogenesis and could be mined to identify novel markers of pluripotent-derived SMPs or regulatory transcription/growth factors. Finally, 50-day hESC-derived SMPs appear similar to quiescent/early activated satellite cells, suggesting they possess therapeutic potential.
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9
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Lee SY, Yang J, Park JH, Shin HK, Kim WJ, Kim SY, Lee EJ, Hwang I, Lee CS, Lee J, Kim HS. The MicroRNA-92a/Sp1/MyoD Axis Regulates Hypoxic Stimulation of Myogenic Lineage Differentiation in Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells. Mol Ther 2019; 28:142-156. [PMID: 31606324 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2019.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxic microenvironments exist in developing embryonic tissues and determine stem cell fate. We previously demonstrated that hypoxic priming plays roles in lineage commitment of embryonic stem cells. In the present study, we found that hypoxia-primed embryoid bodies (Hyp-EBs) efficiently differentiate into the myogenic lineage, resulting in the induction of the myogenic marker MyoD, which was not mediated by hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF1α) or HIF2α, but rather by Sp1 induction and binding to the MyoD promoter. Knockdown of Sp1 in Hyp-EBs abrogated hypoxia-induced MyoD expression and myogenic differentiation. Importantly, in the cardiotoxin-muscle injury mice model, Hyp-EB transplantation facilitated muscle regeneration in vivo, whereas transplantation of Sp1-knockdown Hyp-EBs failed to do. Moreover, we compared microRNA (miRNA) expression profiles between EBs under normoxia versus hypoxia and found that hypoxia-mediated Sp1 induction was mediated by the suppression of miRNA-92a, which directly targeted the 3' untranslated region (3' UTR) of Sp1. Further, the inhibitory effect of miRNA-92a on Sp1 in luciferase assay was abolished by a point mutation in specific sequence in the Sp1 3' UTR that is required for the binding of miRNA-92a. Collectively, these results suggest that hypoxic priming enhances EB commitment to the myogenic lineage through miR-92a/Sp1/MyoD regulatory axis, suggesting a new pathway that promotes myogenic-lineage differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seo-Yeon Lee
- Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Korean Medical Science Research Center for Healthy-Aging, Graduate Training Program of Korean Medicine for Healthy-Aging, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jimin Yang
- Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Hwa Park
- Korean Medical Science Research Center for Healthy-Aging, Graduate Training Program of Korean Medicine for Healthy-Aging, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwa Kyoung Shin
- Korean Medical Science Research Center for Healthy-Aging, Graduate Training Program of Korean Medicine for Healthy-Aging, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Jean Kim
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Kosin University, Busan 49267, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Yeon Kim
- Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Ju Lee
- Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Injoo Hwang
- Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Choon-Soo Lee
- Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaewon Lee
- Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Soo Kim
- Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Molecular Medicine & Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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10
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Liu G, Liao C, Chen X, Xu Y, Tan J, Han F, Ye X. Identification and Characterization of Skeletal Muscle Stem Cells from Human Orbicularis Oculi Muscle. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2019; 24:486-493. [PMID: 29993336 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2018.0048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle stem cell (SMSC) transplantation has shown great therapeutical potential in repairing muscle loss and dysfunction, but the muscle acquisition is usually a traumatic procedure causing pain and morbidity to the donor. In this study, we investigated the feasibility of isolating SMSCs from human orbicularis oculi muscle (OOM), which is routinely removed and discarded during ophthalmic cosmetic surgeries. OOM fragments were harvested from 18 female healthy donors undergoing upper eyelid plasties. Plastic-adherent cells were isolated from the muscles using a two-step plating method combined with collagenase digestion. A total of 15 cell cultures were successfully established from the muscle samples. These adherent cells were positive for the specific markers of SMSCs and could be directed toward the osteogenic, adipogenic, chondrogenic, and myogenic phenotypes in the presence of lineage-specific inductive media. Moreover, after cultured in the myogenic inductive medium for 3 weeks, the muscle cells were injected into the tibialis anterior muscles of nude mice and the cell fate was detected using a DiI-labeling technique. In vivo myogenesis was evidenced by the expression of DiI fluorescence after cell transplantation. The donor cells could be found in the satellite cell position and incorporated into the host myofibers. Our results demonstrated that human OOM represents a novel source of myogenic precursors with stem cell-like properties, which may provide a foundation for the SMSC-based therapeutics of skeletal muscle diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangpeng Liu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine , Shanghai, China
| | - Caihe Liao
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine , Shanghai, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine , Shanghai, China
| | - Yipin Xu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine , Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Tan
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine , Shanghai, China
| | - Fang Han
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine , Shanghai, China
| | - Xinhai Ye
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine , Shanghai, China
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11
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A transient protective effect of low-level laser irradiation against disuse-induced atrophy of rats. Lasers Med Sci 2019; 34:1829-1839. [PMID: 30949786 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-019-02778-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Satellite cells, a population of skeletal muscular stem cells, are generally recognized as the main and, possibly, the sole source of postnatal muscle regeneration. Previous studies have revealed the potential of low-level laser (LLL) irradiation in promoting satellite cell proliferation, which, thereby, boosts the recovery of skeletal muscle from atrophy. The purpose of this study is to investigate the beneficial effect of LLL on disuse-induced atrophy. The optimal irradiation condition of LLL (808 nm) enhancing the proliferation of Pax7+ve cells, isolated from tibialis anterior (TA) muscle, was examined and applied on TA muscle of disuse-induced atrophy model of the rats accordingly. Healthy rats were used as the control. On one hand, transiently, LLL was able to postpone the progression of atrophy for 1 week through a reduction of apoptosis in Pax7-veMyoD+ve (myocyte) population. Simultaneously, a significant enhancement was observed in Pax7+veMyoD+ve population; however, most of the increased cells underwent apoptosis since the second week, which suggested an impaired maturation of the population. On the other hand, in normal control rats with LLL irradiation, a significant increase in Pax7+veMyoD+ve cells and a significant decrease of apoptosis were observed. As a result, a strengthened muscle contraction was observed. Our data showed the capability of LLL in postponing the progression of disuse-induced atrophy for the first time. Furthermore, the result of normal rats with LLL irradiation showed the effectiveness of LLL to strengthen muscle contraction in healthy control.
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12
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Tang X, Daneshmandi L, Awale G, Nair LS, Laurencin CT. Skeletal Muscle Regenerative Engineering. REGENERATIVE ENGINEERING AND TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2019; 5:233-251. [PMID: 33778155 DOI: 10.1007/s40883-019-00102-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal muscles have the intrinsic ability to regenerate after minor injury, but under certain circumstances such as severe trauma from accidents, chronic diseases or battlefield injuries the regeneration process is limited. Skeletal muscle regenerative engineering has emerged as a promising approach to address this clinical issue. The regenerative engineering approach involves the convergence of advanced materials science, stem cell science, physical forces, insights from developmental biology, and clinical translation. This article reviews recent studies showing the potential of the convergences of technologies involving biomaterials, stem cells and bioactive factors in concert with clinical translation, in promoting skeletal muscle regeneration. Several types of biomaterials such as electrospun nanofibers, hydrogels, patterned scaffolds, decellularized tissues, and conductive matrices are being investigated. Detailed discussions are given on how these biomaterials can interact with cells and modulate their behavior through physical, chemical and mechanical cues. In addition, the application of physical forces such as mechanical and electrical stimulation are reviewed as strategies that can further enhance muscle contractility and functionality. The review also discusses established animal models to evaluate regeneration in two clinically relevant muscle injuries; volumetric muscle loss (VML) and muscle atrophy upon rotator cuff injury. Regenerative engineering approaches using advanced biomaterials, cells, and physical forces, developmental cues along with insights from immunology, genetics and other aspects of clinical translation hold significant potential to develop promising strategies to support skeletal muscle regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Tang
- Connecticut Convergence Institute for Translation in Regenerative Engineering, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.,Raymond and Beverly Sackler Center for Biomedical, Biological, Physical and Engineering Sciences, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Leila Daneshmandi
- Connecticut Convergence Institute for Translation in Regenerative Engineering, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.,Raymond and Beverly Sackler Center for Biomedical, Biological, Physical and Engineering Sciences, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Guleid Awale
- Connecticut Convergence Institute for Translation in Regenerative Engineering, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.,Raymond and Beverly Sackler Center for Biomedical, Biological, Physical and Engineering Sciences, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Lakshmi S Nair
- Connecticut Convergence Institute for Translation in Regenerative Engineering, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.,Raymond and Beverly Sackler Center for Biomedical, Biological, Physical and Engineering Sciences, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Cato T Laurencin
- Connecticut Convergence Institute for Translation in Regenerative Engineering, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.,Raymond and Beverly Sackler Center for Biomedical, Biological, Physical and Engineering Sciences, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
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13
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Chemical induced conversion of mouse fibroblasts and human adipose-derived stem cells into skeletal muscle-like cells. Biomaterials 2019; 193:30-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.11.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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14
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Li H, Pei H, Nie J, Qu M, Fan Z, Jia Y, He L, Nan X, Yue W, Pei X. Integration-free reprogramming of human umbilical arterial endothelial cells into induced pluripotent stem cells IHSTMi001-A. Stem Cell Res 2018; 31:231-234. [PMID: 30138849 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2018.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary arterial endothelial cell (AEC) is an attractive source of tissue-engineered blood vessels for therapeutic transplantation in vascular disease. However, scarcity of donor tissue, inability of proliferation and undergo de-differentiation in culture remain major obstacles. We derived a stable induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) line possessed all the characteristics of pluripotent state from human umbilical arterial endothelial cells by transduction of four human transcription factors (Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc) using sendai virus vectors. It will likely facilitate to lineage differentiate and generate sufficient AECs for clinical use in cardiovascular disease based on epigenetic memory of the tissue of origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huilin Li
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Lab, Institute of Health Service and Transfusion Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Haiyun Pei
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China; South China Research Center for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, SCIB, Guangzhou 510005, China.
| | - Jiqin Nie
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Lab, Institute of Health Service and Transfusion Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Mingyi Qu
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China; South China Research Center for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, SCIB, Guangzhou 510005, China
| | - Zeng Fan
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Lab, Institute of Health Service and Transfusion Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Yali Jia
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China; South China Research Center for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, SCIB, Guangzhou 510005, China
| | - Lijuan He
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Lab, Institute of Health Service and Transfusion Medicine, Beijing 100850, China; South China Research Center for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, SCIB, Guangzhou 510005, China
| | - Xue Nan
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Lab, Institute of Health Service and Transfusion Medicine, Beijing 100850, China; South China Research Center for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, SCIB, Guangzhou 510005, China
| | - Wen Yue
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Lab, Institute of Health Service and Transfusion Medicine, Beijing 100850, China; South China Research Center for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, SCIB, Guangzhou 510005, China.
| | - Xuetao Pei
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Lab, Institute of Health Service and Transfusion Medicine, Beijing 100850, China; South China Research Center for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, SCIB, Guangzhou 510005, China.
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15
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Abstract
Skeletal muscle is the largest tissue in the body and loss of its function or its regenerative properties results in debilitating musculoskeletal disorders. Understanding the mechanisms that drive skeletal muscle formation will not only help to unravel the molecular basis of skeletal muscle diseases, but also provide a roadmap for recapitulating skeletal myogenesis in vitro from pluripotent stem cells (PSCs). PSCs have become an important tool for probing developmental questions, while differentiated cell types allow the development of novel therapeutic strategies. In this Review, we provide a comprehensive overview of skeletal myogenesis from the earliest premyogenic progenitor stage to terminally differentiated myofibers, and discuss how this knowledge has been applied to differentiate PSCs into muscle fibers and their progenitors in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérome Chal
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Olivier Pourquié
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA .,Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), CNRS (UMR 7104), Inserm U964, Université de Strasbourg, 67400 Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
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16
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Pei H, Fu HY, Hirai H, Cho DS, O'Brien TD, Dutton J, Verfaillie CM, Hu WS. Generation of induced pluripotent stem cells from Chinese hamster embryonic fibroblasts. Stem Cell Res 2017; 21:132-136. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2017.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
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17
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Skeletal Muscle Cell Induction from Pluripotent Stem Cells. Stem Cells Int 2017; 2017:1376151. [PMID: 28529527 PMCID: PMC5424488 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1376151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have the potential to differentiate into various types of cells including skeletal muscle cells. The approach of converting ESCs/iPSCs into skeletal muscle cells offers hope for patients afflicted with the skeletal muscle diseases such as the Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). Patient-derived iPSCs are an especially ideal cell source to obtain an unlimited number of myogenic cells that escape immune rejection after engraftment. Currently, there are several approaches to induce differentiation of ESCs and iPSCs to skeletal muscle. A key to the generation of skeletal muscle cells from ESCs/iPSCs is the mimicking of embryonic mesodermal induction followed by myogenic induction. Thus, current approaches of skeletal muscle cell induction of ESCs/iPSCs utilize techniques including overexpression of myogenic transcription factors such as MyoD or Pax3, using small molecules to induce mesodermal cells followed by myogenic progenitor cells, and utilizing epigenetic myogenic memory existing in muscle cell-derived iPSCs. This review summarizes the current methods used in myogenic differentiation and highlights areas of recent improvement.
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18
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Helinska A, Krupa M, Archacka K, Czerwinska AM, Streminska W, Janczyk-Ilach K, Ciemerych MA, Grabowska I. Myogenic potential of mouse embryonic stem cells lacking functional Pax7 tested in vitro by 5-azacitidine treatment and in vivo in regenerating skeletal muscle. Eur J Cell Biol 2016; 96:47-60. [PMID: 28017376 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2016.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Revised: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Regeneration of skeletal muscle relies on the presence of satellite cells. Satellite cells deficiency accompanying some degenerative diseases is the reason for the search for the "replacement cells" that can be used in the muscle therapies. Due to their unique properties embryonic stem cells (ESCs), as well as myogenic cells derived from them, are considered as a promising source of therapeutic cells. Among the factors crucial for the specification of myogenic precursor cells is Pax7 that sustains proper function of satellite cells. In our previous studies we showed that ESCs lacking functional Pax7 are able to form myoblasts in vitro when differentiated within embryoid bodies and their outgrowths. In the current study we showed that ESCs lacking functional Pax7, cultured in vitro in monolayer in the medium supplemented with horse serum and 5azaC, expressed higher levels of factors associated with myogenesis, such as Pdgfra, Pax3, Myf5, and MyoD. Importantly, skeletal myosin immunolocalization confirmed that myogenic differentiation of ESCs was more effective in case of cells lacking Pax7. Our in vivo studies showed that ESCs transplanted into regenerating skeletal muscles were detectable at day 7 of regeneration and the number of Pax7-/- ESCs detected was significantly higher than of control cells. Our results support the concept that lack of functional Pax7 promotes proliferation of differentiating ESCs and for this reason more of them can turn into myogenic lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Helinska
- Department of Cytology, Institute of Zoology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Krupa
- Department of Cytology, Institute of Zoology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Poland
| | - Karolina Archacka
- Department of Cytology, Institute of Zoology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Poland
| | - Areta M Czerwinska
- Department of Cytology, Institute of Zoology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wladyslawa Streminska
- Department of Cytology, Institute of Zoology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Janczyk-Ilach
- Department of Cytology, Institute of Zoology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maria A Ciemerych
- Department of Cytology, Institute of Zoology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Poland
| | - Iwona Grabowska
- Department of Cytology, Institute of Zoology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Poland.
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19
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Kesireddy V. Evaluation of adipose-derived stem cells for tissue-engineered muscle repair construct-mediated repair of a murine model of volumetric muscle loss injury. Int J Nanomedicine 2016; 11:1461-73. [PMID: 27114706 PMCID: PMC4833361 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s101955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Volumetric muscle loss (VML) can occur from congenital defects, muscle wasting diseases, civilian or military injuries, and as a result of surgical removal of muscle tissue (eg, cancer), all of which can lead to irrevocable functional and cosmetic defects. Current tissue engineering strategies to repair VML often employ muscle-derived progenitor cells (MDCs) as one component. However, there are some inherent limitations in their in vitro culture expansion. Thus, this study explores the potential of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) as an alternative cell source to MDCs for tissue engineering of skeletal muscle. A reproducible VML injury model in murine latissimus dorsi muscle was used to evaluate tissue-engineered muscle repair (TEMR) constructs incorporating MDCs or ADSCs. Importantly, histological analysis revealed that ADSC-seeded constructs displayed regeneration potential that was comparable to those seeded with MDCs 2 months postrepair. Furthermore, morphological analysis of retrieved constructs demonstrated signs of neotissue formation, including cell fusion, fiber formation, and scaffold remodeling. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated positive staining for both structural and functional proteins. Positive staining for vascular structures indicated the potential for long-term neotissue survival and integration with existing musculature. Qualitative observation of lentivirus-Cherry-labeled donor cells by immunohistochemistry indicates that participation of ADSCs in new hybrid myofiber formation incorporating donor cells was relatively low, compared to donor MDCs. However, ADSCs appear to participate in vascularization. In summary, I have demonstrated that TEMR constructs generated with ADSCs displayed skeletal muscle regeneration potential comparable to TEMR–MDC constructs as previously reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venu Kesireddy
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University Baptist Medical Center, Winston Salem, NC, USA; Center for Craniofacial Research, School of Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
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20
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Dirja BT, Yoshie S, Ikeda M, Imaizumi M, Nakamura R, Otsuki K, Nomoto Y, Wada I, Hazama A, Omori K. Potential of laryngeal muscle regeneration using induced pluripotent stem cell-derived skeletal muscle cells. Acta Otolaryngol 2016; 136:391-6. [PMID: 26824385 DOI: 10.3109/00016489.2015.1126351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Conclusion Induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells may be a new potential cell source for laryngeal muscle regeneration in the treatment of vocal fold atrophy after recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis. Objectives Unilateral vocal fold paralysis can lead to degeneration, atrophy, and loss of force of the thyroarytenoid muscle. At present, there are some treatments such as thyroplasty, arytenoid adduction, and vocal fold injection. However, such treatments cannot restore reduced mass of the thyroarytenoid muscle. iPS cells have been recognized as supplying a potential resource for cell transplantation. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of the use of iPS cells for the regeneration of laryngeal muscle through the evaluation of both in vitro and in vivo experiments. Methods Skeletal muscle cells were generated from tdTomato-labeled iPS cells using embryoid body formation. Differentiation into skeletal muscle cells was analyzed by gene expression and immunocytochemistry. The tdTomato-labeled iPS cell-derived skeletal muscle cells were transplanted into the left atrophied thyroarytenoid muscle. To evaluate the engraftment of these cells after transplantation, immunohistochemistry was performed. Results The tdTomato-labeled iPS cells were successfully differentiated into skeletal muscle cells through an in vitro experiment. These cells survived in the atrophied thyroarytenoid muscle after transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bayu Tirta Dirja
- a Department of Otolaryngology , School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University , Fukushima , Japan
| | - Susumu Yoshie
- a Department of Otolaryngology , School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University , Fukushima , Japan
| | - Masakazu Ikeda
- a Department of Otolaryngology , School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University , Fukushima , Japan
| | - Mitsuyoshi Imaizumi
- a Department of Otolaryngology , School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University , Fukushima , Japan
| | - Ryosuke Nakamura
- a Department of Otolaryngology , School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University , Fukushima , Japan
| | - Koshi Otsuki
- a Department of Otolaryngology , School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University , Fukushima , Japan
| | - Yukio Nomoto
- a Department of Otolaryngology , School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University , Fukushima , Japan
| | - Ikuo Wada
- b Department of Cell Science, School of Medicine , Fukushima Medical University , Fukushima , Japan
| | - Akihiro Hazama
- c Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology , School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University , Fukushima , Japan
| | - Koichi Omori
- a Department of Otolaryngology , School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University , Fukushima , Japan
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21
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Robust generation and expansion of skeletal muscle progenitors and myocytes from human pluripotent stem cells. Methods 2015; 101:73-84. [PMID: 26404920 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2015.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Revised: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cells provide a developmental model to study early embryonic and tissue development, tease apart human disease processes, perform drug screens to identify potential molecular effectors of in situ regeneration, and provide a source for cell and tissue based transplantation. Highly efficient differentiation protocols have been established for many cell types and tissues; however, until very recently robust differentiation into skeletal muscle cells had not been possible unless driven by transgenic expression of master regulators of myogenesis. Nevertheless, several breakthrough protocols have been published in the past two years that efficiently generate cells of the skeletal muscle lineage from pluripotent stem cells. Here, we present an updated version of our recently described 50-day protocol in detail, whereby chemically defined media are used to drive and support muscle lineage development from initial CHIR99021-induced mesoderm through to PAX7-expressing skeletal muscle progenitors and mature skeletal myocytes. Furthermore, we report an optional method to passage and expand differentiating skeletal muscle progenitors approximately 3-fold every 2weeks using Collagenase IV and continued FGF2 supplementation. Both protocols have been optimized using a variety of human pluripotent stem cell lines including patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells. Taken together, our differentiation and expansion protocols provide sufficient quantities of skeletal muscle progenitors and myocytes that could be used for a variety of studies.
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22
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Chal J, Oginuma M, Al Tanoury Z, Gobert B, Sumara O, Hick A, Bousson F, Zidouni Y, Mursch C, Moncuquet P, Tassy O, Vincent S, Miyanari A, Bera A, Garnier JM, Guevara G, Hestin M, Kennedy L, Hayashi S, Drayton B, Cherrier T, Gayraud-Morel B, Gussoni E, Relaix F, Tajbakhsh S, Pourquié O. Differentiation of pluripotent stem cells to muscle fiber to model Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Nat Biotechnol 2015; 33:962-9. [PMID: 26237517 DOI: 10.1038/nbt.3297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 263] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
During embryonic development, skeletal muscles arise from somites, which derive from the presomitic mesoderm (PSM). Using PSM development as a guide, we establish conditions for the differentiation of monolayer cultures of mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells into PSM-like cells without the introduction of transgenes or cell sorting. We show that primary and secondary skeletal myogenesis can be recapitulated in vitro from the PSM-like cells, providing an efficient, serum-free protocol for the generation of striated, contractile fibers from mouse and human pluripotent cells. The mouse ES cells also differentiate into Pax7(+) cells with satellite cell characteristics, including the ability to form dystrophin(+) fibers when grafted into muscles of dystrophin-deficient mdx mice, a model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). Fibers derived from ES cells of mdx mice exhibit an abnormal branched phenotype resembling that described in vivo, thus providing an attractive model to study the origin of the pathological defects associated with DMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérome Chal
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), CNRS (UMR 7104), Inserm U964, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch Graffenstaden, France.,Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, Missouri, USA.,Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Masayuki Oginuma
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), CNRS (UMR 7104), Inserm U964, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch Graffenstaden, France
| | - Ziad Al Tanoury
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), CNRS (UMR 7104), Inserm U964, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch Graffenstaden, France
| | - Bénédicte Gobert
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), CNRS (UMR 7104), Inserm U964, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch Graffenstaden, France
| | - Olga Sumara
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), CNRS (UMR 7104), Inserm U964, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch Graffenstaden, France
| | - Aurore Hick
- Anagenesis Biotechnologies, Parc d'innovation, Illkirch Graffenstaden, France
| | - Fanny Bousson
- Anagenesis Biotechnologies, Parc d'innovation, Illkirch Graffenstaden, France
| | - Yasmine Zidouni
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), CNRS (UMR 7104), Inserm U964, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch Graffenstaden, France
| | - Caroline Mursch
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), CNRS (UMR 7104), Inserm U964, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch Graffenstaden, France
| | - Philippe Moncuquet
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), CNRS (UMR 7104), Inserm U964, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch Graffenstaden, France
| | - Olivier Tassy
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), CNRS (UMR 7104), Inserm U964, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch Graffenstaden, France
| | - Stéphane Vincent
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), CNRS (UMR 7104), Inserm U964, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch Graffenstaden, France
| | - Ayako Miyanari
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), CNRS (UMR 7104), Inserm U964, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch Graffenstaden, France
| | - Agata Bera
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), CNRS (UMR 7104), Inserm U964, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch Graffenstaden, France
| | - Jean-Marie Garnier
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), CNRS (UMR 7104), Inserm U964, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch Graffenstaden, France
| | - Getzabel Guevara
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Marie Hestin
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Leif Kennedy
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), CNRS (UMR 7104), Inserm U964, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch Graffenstaden, France
| | - Shinichiro Hayashi
- UPMC Paris 06, UMRS 787, INSERM, Avenir team, Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France.,Institut de Myologie, Paris, France
| | - Bernadette Drayton
- UPMC Paris 06, UMRS 787, INSERM, Avenir team, Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France.,Institut de Myologie, Paris, France
| | - Thomas Cherrier
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), CNRS (UMR 7104), Inserm U964, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch Graffenstaden, France
| | | | - Emanuela Gussoni
- Division of Genetics and Genomics Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Frédéric Relaix
- UPMC Paris 06, UMRS 787, INSERM, Avenir team, Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France.,Institut de Myologie, Paris, France
| | | | - Olivier Pourquié
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), CNRS (UMR 7104), Inserm U964, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch Graffenstaden, France.,Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, Missouri, USA.,Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
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23
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Perini I, Elia I, Lo Nigro A, Ronzoni F, Berardi E, Grosemans H, Fukada SI, Sampaolesi M. Myogenic induction of adult and pluripotent stem cells using recombinant proteins. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 464:755-61. [PMID: 26164231 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Met Activating Genetically Improved Chimeric Factor 1 (Magic-F1) is a human recombinant protein, derived from dimerization of the receptor-binding domain of hepatocyte growth factor. Previous experiments demonstrate that in transgenic mice, the skeletal muscle specific expression of Magic-F1 can induce a constitutive muscular hypertrophy, improving running performance and accelerating muscle regeneration after injury. In order to evaluate the therapeutic potential of Magic-F1, we tested its effect on multipotent and pluripotent stem cells. In murine mesoangioblasts (adult vessel-associated stem cells), the presence of Magic-F1 did not alter their osteogenic, adipogenic or smooth muscle differentiation ability. However, when analyzing their myogenic potential, mesoangioblasts expressing Magic-F1 differentiated spontaneously into myotubes. Finally, Magic-F1 inducible cassette was inserted into a murine embryonic stem cell line by homologous recombination. When embryonic stem cells were subjected to myogenic differentiation, the presence of Magic-F1 resulted in the upregulation of Pax3 and Pax7 that enhanced the myogenic commitment of transgenic pluripotent stem cells. Taken together our results candidate Magic-F1 as a potent myogenic stimulator, able to enhance muscular differentiation from both adult and pluripotent stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Perini
- Translational Cardiomyology Laboratory, Embryo and Stem Cell Biology Unit, Dept of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ilaria Elia
- Translational Cardiomyology Laboratory, Embryo and Stem Cell Biology Unit, Dept of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Belgium; Vesalius Research Center, Belgium and Department of Oncology, VIB, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Antonio Lo Nigro
- Mediterranean Institute for Transplantation and Advanced Specialized Therapies (IRCCS-ISMETT), Regenerative Medicine and Biomedical Technologies Unit, Palermo, Italy; Embryo and Stem Cell Biology Unit, Dept of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Flavio Ronzoni
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Emanuele Berardi
- Translational Cardiomyology Laboratory, Embryo and Stem Cell Biology Unit, Dept of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hanne Grosemans
- Translational Cardiomyology Laboratory, Embryo and Stem Cell Biology Unit, Dept of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - So-ichiro Fukada
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Japan
| | - Maurilio Sampaolesi
- Translational Cardiomyology Laboratory, Embryo and Stem Cell Biology Unit, Dept of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Belgium; Division of Human Anatomy, Dept of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Italy.
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Skuk D, Tremblay JP. Cell therapy in muscular dystrophies: many promises in mice and dogs, few facts in patients. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2015; 15:1307-19. [PMID: 26076715 DOI: 10.1517/14712598.2015.1057564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Muscular dystrophies (MDs) are genetic diseases that produce progressive loss of skeletal muscle fibers. Cell therapy (CT) is an experimental approach to treat MD. The first clinical trials of CT in MD conducted in the 1990s were based on myoblast transplantation (MT). Since they did not yield the expected results, several researchers sought to discover other cells with more advantageous properties than myoblasts whereas others sought to improve MT. AREAS COVERED We explain the properties that are required for a cell to be used in CT of MD. We briefly review most of the cells that were proposed for this CT, and to what extent these properties were met not only in laboratory animals but also in clinical trials. EXPERT OPINION Although the repertoire of cells proposed for CT of MD has been expanded since the 1990s, only myoblasts have currently demonstrated unequivocally to significantly engraft in humans. Indeed, MT for MD involves significant technical challenges that need be solved. While it would be ideal to find cells involving less technical challenges for CT of MD, there is so far no clinical evidence that this is possible and therefore the work to improve MT should continue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Skuk
- Axe Neurosciences, P-09300, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université Laval , 2705 boulevard Laurier, Québec (QC), G1V 4G2 , Canada +1 418 654 2186 ; +1 418 654 2207 ;
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25
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Coaxing stem cells for skeletal muscle repair. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2015; 84:198-207. [PMID: 25049085 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2014.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2014] [Revised: 06/19/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle has a tremendous ability to regenerate, attributed to a well-defined population of muscle stem cells called satellite cells. However, this ability to regenerate diminishes with age and can also be dramatically affected by multiple types of muscle diseases, or injury. Extrinsic and/or intrinsic defects in the regulation of satellite cells are considered to be major determinants for the diminished regenerative capacity. Maintenance and replenishment of the satellite cell pool is one focus for muscle regenerative medicine, which will be discussed. There are other sources of progenitor cells with myogenic capacity, which may also support skeletal muscle repair. However, all of these myogenic cell populations have inherent difficulties and challenges in maintaining or coaxing their derivation for therapeutic purpose. This review will highlight recent reported attributes of these cells and new bioengineering approaches to creating a supply of myogenic stem cells or implants applicable for acute and/or chronic muscle disorders.
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26
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Brzoska E, Kowalski K, Markowska-Zagrajek A, Kowalewska M, Archacki R, Plaskota I, Stremińska W, Jańczyk-Ilach K, Ciemerych MA. Sdf-1 (CXCL12) induces CD9 expression in stem cells engaged in muscle regeneration. Stem Cell Res Ther 2015; 6:46. [PMID: 25890097 PMCID: PMC4445299 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-015-0041-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Revised: 12/31/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Understanding the mechanism of stem cell mobilization into injured skeletal muscles is a prerequisite step for the development of muscle disease therapies. Many of the currently studied stem cell types present myogenic potential; however, when introduced either into the blood stream or directly into the tissue, they are not able to efficiently engraft injured muscle. For this reason their use in therapy is still limited. Previously, we have shown that stromal-derived factor-1 (Sdf-1) caused the mobilization of endogenous (not transplanted) stem cells into injured skeletal muscle improving regeneration. Here, we demonstrate that the beneficial effect of Sdf-1 relies on the upregulation of the tetraspanin CD9 expression in stem cells. METHODS The expression pattern of adhesion proteins, including CD9, was analysed after Sdf-1 treatment during regeneration of rat skeletal muscles and mouse Pax7-/- skeletal muscles, that are characterized by the decreased number of satellite cells. Next, we examined the changes in CD9 level in satellite cells-derived myoblasts, bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells, and embryonic stem cells after Sdf-1 treatment or silencing expression of CXCR4 and CXCR7. Finally, we examined the potential of stem cells to fuse with myoblasts after Sdf-1 treatment. RESULTS In vivo analyses of Pax7-/- mice strongly suggest that Sdf-1-mediates increase in CD9 levels also in mobilized stem cells. In the absence of CXCR4 receptor the effect of Sdf-1 on CD9 expression is blocked. Next, in vitro studies show that Sdf-1 increases the level of CD9 not only in satellite cell-derived myoblasts but also in bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells, as well as embryonic stem cells. Importantly, the Sdf-1 treated cells migrate and fuse with myoblasts more effectively. CONCLUSIONS We suggest that Sdf-1 binding CXCR4 receptor improves skeletal muscle regeneration by upregulating expression of CD9 and thus, impacting at stem cells mobilization to the injured muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edyta Brzoska
- Department of Cytology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Kamil Kowalski
- Department of Cytology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096, Warsaw, Poland.
| | | | - Magdalena Kowalewska
- Department of Molecular and Translational Oncology, Maria Skłodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Roentgena 5, 02-781, Warsaw, Poland. .,Department of Immunology, Biochemistry and Nutrition, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1b, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Rafał Archacki
- Departament of Systems Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Pawińskiego 5a, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Izabela Plaskota
- Department of Cytology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Władysława Stremińska
- Department of Cytology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Jańczyk-Ilach
- Department of Cytology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Maria A Ciemerych
- Department of Cytology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096, Warsaw, Poland.
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27
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Myogenic Precursors from iPS Cells for Skeletal Muscle Cell Replacement Therapy. J Clin Med 2015; 4:243-59. [PMID: 26239126 PMCID: PMC4470123 DOI: 10.3390/jcm4020243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of adult myogenic stem cells as a cell therapy for skeletal muscle regeneration has been attempted for decades, with only moderate success. Myogenic progenitors (MP) made from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are promising candidates for stem cell therapy to regenerate skeletal muscle since they allow allogenic transplantation, can be produced in large quantities, and, as compared to adult myoblasts, present more embryonic-like features and more proliferative capacity in vitro, which indicates a potential for more self-renewal and regenerative capacity in vivo. Different approaches have been described to make myogenic progenitors either by gene overexpression or by directed differentiation through culture conditions, and several myopathies have already been modeled using iPSC-MP. However, even though results in animal models have shown improvement from previous work with isolated adult myoblasts, major challenges regarding host response have to be addressed and clinically relevant transplantation protocols are lacking. Despite these challenges we are closer than we think to bringing iPSC-MP towards clinical use for treating human muscle disease and sporting injuries.
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28
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Shelton M, Metz J, Liu J, Carpenedo RL, Demers SP, Stanford WL, Skerjanc IS. Derivation and expansion of PAX7-positive muscle progenitors from human and mouse embryonic stem cells. Stem Cell Reports 2014; 3:516-29. [PMID: 25241748 PMCID: PMC4266001 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2014.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2013] [Revised: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell therapies treating pathological muscle atrophy or damage requires an adequate quantity of muscle progenitor cells (MPCs) not currently attainable from adult donors. Here, we generate cultures of approximately 90% skeletal myogenic cells by treating human embryonic stem cells (ESCs) with the GSK3 inhibitor CHIR99021 followed by FGF2 and N2 supplements. Gene expression analysis identified progressive expression of mesoderm, somite, dermomyotome, and myotome markers, following patterns of embryonic myogenesis. CHIR99021 enhanced transcript levels of the pan-mesoderm gene T and paraxial-mesoderm genes MSGN1 and TBX6; immunofluorescence confirmed that 91% ± 6% of cells expressed T immediately following treatment. By 7 weeks, 47% ± 3% of cells were MYH(+ve) myocytes/myotubes surrounded by a 43% ± 4% population of PAX7(+ve) MPCs, indicating 90% of cells had achieved myogenic identity without any cell sorting. Treatment of mouse ESCs with these factors resulted in similar enhancements of myogenesis. These studies establish a foundation for serum-free and chemically defined monolayer skeletal myogenesis of ESCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Shelton
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Jeff Metz
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Richard L Carpenedo
- Sprott Centre for Stem Cell Research, Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada; Faculty of Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Simon-Pierre Demers
- Sprott Centre for Stem Cell Research, Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada; Faculty of Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - William L Stanford
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada; Sprott Centre for Stem Cell Research, Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada; Faculty of Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada.
| | - Ilona S Skerjanc
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada.
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29
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Artioli GG, De Oliveira Silvestre JG, Guilherme JPLF, Baptista IL, Ramos GV, Da Silva WJ, Miyabara EH, Moriscot AS. Embryonic stem cells improve skeletal muscle recovery after extreme atrophy in mice. Muscle Nerve 2014; 51:346-52. [PMID: 24934406 DOI: 10.1002/mus.24320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We injected embryonic stem cells into mouse tibialis anterior muscles subjected to botulinum toxin injections as a model for reversible neurogenic atrophy. METHODS Muscles were exposed to botulinum toxin for 4 weeks and allowed to recover for up to 6 weeks. At the onset of recovery, a single muscle injection of embryonic stem cells was administered. The myofiber cross-sectional area, single twitch force, peak tetanic force, time-to-peak force, and half-relaxation time were determined. RESULTS Although the stem cell injection did not affect the myofiber cross-sectional area gain in recovering muscles, most functional parameters improved significantly compared with those of recovering muscles that did not receive the stem cell injection. CONCLUSIONS Muscle function recovery was accelerated by embryonic stem cell delivery in this durable neurogenic atrophy model. We conclude that stem cells should be considered a potential therapeutic tool for recovery after extreme skeletal muscle atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Giannini Artioli
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology of Striated Muscle, Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Avenida Prof. Lineu Prestes 2415, São Paulo CEP 05508-000, Brazil; Laboratory of Applied Nutrition and Metabolism, School of Physical Education and Sport, Department of Biodynamics, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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30
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Archacka K, Denkis A, Brzóska E, Świerczek B, Tarczyluk M, Jańczyk-Ilach K, Ciemerych MA, Moraczewski J. Competence of in vitro cultured mouse embryonic stem cells for myogenic differentiation and fusion with myoblasts. Stem Cells Dev 2014; 23:2455-68. [PMID: 24940624 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2013.0582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Pluripotent stem cells are a potential source of various cell types for use in regenerative medicine. Despite accumulating knowledge, there is currently no efficient and reproducible protocol that does not require genetic manipulation for generation of myogenic cells from pluripotent stem cells. Here, we examined whether mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells are able to undergo myogenic differentiation and fusion in response to signals released by differentiating myoblasts. Using ES cells expressing the histone 2B-green fluorescent fusion protein, we were able to detect hybrid myotubes formed by ES cells and differentiating myoblasts. ES cells that fused with myoblasts downregulated the expression of pluripotency markers and induced the expression of myogenic markers, while unfused ES cells did not exhibit this expression pattern. Thus, the signals released by myoblasts were not sufficient to induce myogenic differentiation of ES cells. Although ES cells synthesize many proteins involved in myoblast adhesion and fusion, we did not observe any myotubes formed exclusively by ES cells. We found that ES cells lacked M-cadherin and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, which may account for the low frequency of hybrid myotube formation in ES cell-myoblast co-cultures and the inability of ES cells alone to form myotubes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Archacka
- Department of Cytology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw , Warsaw, Poland
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31
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Zhao C, Farruggio AP, Bjornson CRR, Chavez CL, Geisinger JM, Neal TL, Karow M, Calos MP. Recombinase-mediated reprogramming and dystrophin gene addition in mdx mouse induced pluripotent stem cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e96279. [PMID: 24781921 PMCID: PMC4004573 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0096279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2013] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A cell therapy strategy utilizing genetically-corrected induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) may be an attractive approach for genetic disorders such as muscular dystrophies. Methods for genetic engineering of iPSC that emphasize precision and minimize random integration would be beneficial. We demonstrate here an approach in the mdx mouse model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy that focuses on the use of site-specific recombinases to achieve genetic engineering. We employed non-viral, plasmid-mediated methods to reprogram mdx fibroblasts, using phiC31 integrase to insert a single copy of the reprogramming genes at a safe location in the genome. We next used Bxb1 integrase to add the therapeutic full-length dystrophin cDNA to the iPSC in a site-specific manner. Unwanted DNA sequences, including the reprogramming genes, were then precisely deleted with Cre resolvase. Pluripotency of the iPSC was analyzed before and after gene addition, and ability of the genetically corrected iPSC to differentiate into myogenic precursors was evaluated by morphology, immunohistochemistry, qRT-PCR, FACS analysis, and intramuscular engraftment. These data demonstrate a non-viral, reprogramming-plus-gene addition genetic engineering strategy utilizing site-specific recombinases that can be applied easily to mouse cells. This work introduces a significant level of precision in the genetic engineering of iPSC that can be built upon in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunli Zhao
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Alfonso P. Farruggio
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Christopher R. R. Bjornson
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Christopher L. Chavez
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Jonathan M. Geisinger
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Tawny L. Neal
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Marisa Karow
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Michele P. Calos
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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32
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Bertoni C. Emerging gene editing strategies for Duchenne muscular dystrophy targeting stem cells. Front Physiol 2014; 5:148. [PMID: 24795643 PMCID: PMC4001063 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2014.00148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2013] [Accepted: 03/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The progressive loss of muscle mass characteristic of many muscular dystrophies impairs the efficacy of most of the gene and molecular therapies currently being pursued for the treatment of those disorders. It is becoming increasingly evident that a therapeutic application, to be effective, needs to target not only mature myofibers, but also muscle progenitors cells or muscle stem cells able to form new muscle tissue and to restore myofibers lost as the result of the diseases or during normal homeostasis so as to guarantee effective and lost lasting effects. Correction of the genetic defect using oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) or engineered nucleases holds great potential for the treatment of many of the musculoskeletal disorders. The encouraging results obtained by studying in vitro systems and model organisms have set the groundwork for what is likely to become an emerging field in the area of molecular and regenerative medicine. Furthermore, the ability to isolate and expand from patients various types of muscle progenitor cells capable of committing to the myogenic lineage provides the opportunity to establish cell lines that can be used for transplantation following ex vivo manipulation and expansion. The purpose of this article is to provide a perspective on approaches aimed at correcting the genetic defect using gene editing strategies and currently under development for the treatment of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), the most sever of the neuromuscular disorders. Emphasis will be placed on describing the potential of using the patient own stem cell as source of transplantation and the challenges that gene editing technologies face in the field of regenerative biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Bertoni
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles CA, USA
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33
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Rinaldi F, Perlingeiro RCR. Stem cells for skeletal muscle regeneration: therapeutic potential and roadblocks. Transl Res 2014; 163:409-17. [PMID: 24299739 PMCID: PMC3976768 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2013.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2013] [Revised: 11/01/2013] [Accepted: 11/07/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Conditions involving muscle wasting, such as muscular dystrophies, cachexia, and sarcopenia, would benefit from approaches that promote skeletal muscle regeneration. Stem cells are particularly attractive because they are able to differentiate into specialized cell types while retaining the ability to self-renew and, thus, provide a long-term response. This review will discuss recent advancements on different types of stem cells that have been attributed to be endowed with muscle regenerative potential. We will discuss the nature of these cells and their advantages and disadvantages in regards to therapy for muscular dystrophies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Rinaldi
- Department of Medicine, Lillehei Heart Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minn
| | - Rita C R Perlingeiro
- Department of Medicine, Lillehei Heart Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minn.
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34
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Fukada SI, Ma Y, Ohtani T, Watanabe Y, Murakami S, Yamaguchi M. Isolation, characterization, and molecular regulation of muscle stem cells. Front Physiol 2013; 4:317. [PMID: 24273513 PMCID: PMC3824104 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2013.00317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2013] [Accepted: 10/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle has great regenerative capacity which is dependent on muscle stem cells, also known as satellite cells. A loss of satellite cells and/or their function impairs skeletal muscle regeneration and leads to a loss of skeletal muscle power; therefore, the molecular mechanisms for maintaining satellite cells in a quiescent and undifferentiated state are of great interest in skeletal muscle biology. Many studies have demonstrated proteins expressed by satellite cells, including Pax7, M-cadherin, Cxcr4, syndecan3/4, and c-met. To further characterize satellite cells, we established a method to directly isolate satellite cells using a monoclonal antibody, SM/C-2.6. Using SM/C-2.6 and microarrays, we measured the genes expressed in quiescent satellite cells and demonstrated that Hesr3 may complement Hesr1 in generating quiescent satellite cells. Although Hesr1- or Hesr3-single knockout mice show a normal skeletal muscle phenotype, including satellite cells, Hesr1/Hesr3-double knockout mice show a gradual decrease in the number of satellite cells and increase in regenerative defects dependent on satellite cell numbers. We also observed that a mouse's genetic background affects the regenerative capacity of its skeletal muscle and have established a line of DBA/2-background mdx mice that has a much more severe phenotype than the frequently used C57BL/10-mdx mice. The phenotype of DBA/2-mdx mice also seems to depend on the function of satellite cells. In this review, we summarize the methodology of direct isolation, characterization, and molecular regulation of satellite cells based on our results. The relationship between the regenerative capacity of satellite cells and progression of muscular disorders is also summarized. In the last part, we discuss application of the accumulating scientific information on satellite cells to treatment of patients with muscular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- So-Ichiro Fukada
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University Osaka, Japan
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35
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Leung M, Cooper A, Jana S, Tsao CT, Petrie TA, Zhang M. Nanofiber-Based in Vitro System for High Myogenic Differentiation of Human Embryonic Stem Cells. Biomacromolecules 2013; 14:4207-16. [DOI: 10.1021/bm4009843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Leung
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Ashleigh Cooper
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Soumen Jana
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Ching-Ting Tsao
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Timothy A. Petrie
- Department
of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Miqin Zhang
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
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36
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Franzin C, Piccoli M, Serena E, Bertin E, Urbani L, Luni C, Pasqualetto V, Eaton S, Elvassore N, De Coppi P, Pozzobon M. Single-cell PCR analysis of murine embryonic stem cells cultured on different substrates highlights heterogeneous expression of stem cell markers. Biol Cell 2013; 105:549-60. [PMID: 24024612 DOI: 10.1111/boc.201300034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2013] [Accepted: 09/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND INFORMATION In the last few years, recent evidence has revealed that inside an apparently homogeneous cell population there indeed appears to be heterogeneity. This is particularly true for embryonic stem (ES) cells where markers of pluripotency are dynamically expressed within the single cells. In this work, we have designed and tested a new set of primers for multiplex PCR detection of pluripotency markers expression, and have applied it to perform a single-cell analysis in murine ES cells cultured on three different substrates that could play an important role in controlling cell behaviour and fate: (i) mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) feeder layer, as the standard method for ES cells culture; (ii) Matrigel coating; (iii) micropatterned hydrogel. RESULTS Compared with population analysis, using a single-cell approach, we were able to evaluate not only the number of cells that maintained the expression of a specific gene but, most importantly, how many cells co-expressed different markers. We found that micropatterned hydrogel seems to represent a good alternative to MEF, as the expression of stemness markers is better preserved than in Matrigel culture. CONCLUSIONS This single-cell assay allows for the assessment of the stemness maintenance at a single-cell level in terms of gene expression profile, and can be applied in stem cell research to characterise freshly isolated and cultured cells, or to standardise, for instance, the method of culture closely linked to the transcriptional activity and the differentiation potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Franzin
- Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza, Padova, 35127, Italy
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37
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Briggs D, Morgan JE. Recent progress in satellite cell/myoblast engraftment -- relevance for therapy. FEBS J 2013; 280:4281-93. [PMID: 23560812 PMCID: PMC3795440 DOI: 10.1111/febs.12273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2013] [Revised: 03/27/2013] [Accepted: 03/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
There is currently no cure for muscular dystrophies, although several promising strategies are in basic and clinical research. One such strategy is cell transplantation with satellite cells (or their myoblast progeny) to repair damaged muscle and provide dystrophin protein with the aim of preventing subsequent myofibre degeneration and repopulating the stem cell niche for future use. The present review aims to cover recent advances in satellite cell/myoblast therapy and to discuss the challenges that remain for it to become a realistic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Briggs
- The Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, UCL Institute of Child HealthLondon, UK
| | - Jennifer E Morgan
- The Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, UCL Institute of Child HealthLondon, UK
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38
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Mizuno M, Yamada M, Mitamura R, Ike K, Toyama K, Seki M. Magnetophoresis-Integrated Hydrodynamic Filtration System for Size- and Surface Marker-Based Two-Dimensional Cell Sorting. Anal Chem 2013; 85:7666-73. [DOI: 10.1021/ac303336f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Mizuno
- Department
of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology,
Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Masumi Yamada
- Department
of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology,
Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Ryusuke Mitamura
- Department
of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology,
Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Kohei Ike
- Department
of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology,
Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Kaori Toyama
- Department
of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology,
Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Minoru Seki
- Department
of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology,
Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
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Sphingosine Phosphate Lyase Regulates Murine Embryonic Stem Cell Proliferation and Pluripotency through an S1P 2/STAT3 Signaling Pathway. Biomolecules 2013; 3:351-368. [PMID: 24619572 PMCID: PMC3947625 DOI: 10.3390/biom3030351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a bioactive sphingolipid that activates a family of G protein coupled-receptors (GPCRs) implicated in mammalian development, angiogenesis, immunity and tissue regeneration. S1P functions as a trophic factor for many cell types, including embryonic stem cells (ESCs). Sphingosine phosphate lyase (SPL) is an intracellular enzyme that catalyzes the irreversible degradation of S1P. We found SPL to be highly expressed in murine ESCs (mESCs). To investigate the role of SPL in mESC biology, we silenced SPL in mESCs via stable transfection with a lentiviral SPL-specific short hairpin RNA (shRNA) construct. SPL-knockdown (SPL-KD) mESCs showed a 5-fold increase in cellular S1P levels, increased proliferation rates and high expression of cell surface pluripotency markers SSEA1 and OCT4 compared to vector control cells. Compared to control mESCs, SPL-KD cells showed robust activation of STAT3 and a 10-fold increase in S1P2 expression. Inhibition of S1P2 or STAT3 reversed the proliferation and pluripotency phenotypes of SPL-KD mESCs. Further, inhibition of S1P2 attenuated, in a dose-dependent fashion, the high levels of OCT4 and STAT3 activation observed in SPL-KD mESCs. Finally, we showed that SPL-KD cells are capable of generating embryoid bodies from which muscle stem cells, called satellite cells, can be isolated. These findings demonstrate an important role for SPL in ESC homeostasis and suggest that SPL inhibition could facilitate ex vivo ESC expansion for therapeutic purposes.
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Sirabella D, De Angelis L, Berghella L. Sources for skeletal muscle repair: from satellite cells to reprogramming. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2013; 4:125-36. [PMID: 23314905 PMCID: PMC3684700 DOI: 10.1007/s13539-012-0098-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2012] [Accepted: 11/28/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle regeneration is the process that ensures tissue repair after damage by injury or in degenerative diseases such as muscular dystrophy. Satellite cells, the adult skeletal muscle progenitor cells, are commonly considered to be the main cell type involved in skeletal muscle regeneration. Their mechanism of action in this process is extensively characterized. However, evidence accumulated in the last decade suggests that other cell types may participate in skeletal muscle regeneration. Although their actual contribution to muscle formation and regeneration is still not clear; if properly manipulated, these cells may become new suitable and powerful sources for cell therapy of skeletal muscle degenerative diseases. Mesoangioblasts, vessel associated stem/progenitor cells with high proliferative, migratory and myogenic potential, are very good candidates for clinical applications and are already in clinical experimentation. In addition, pluripotent stem cells are very promising sources for regeneration of most tissues, including skeletal muscle. Conditions such as muscle cachexia or aging that severely alter homeostasis may be counteracted by transplantation of donor and/or recruitment and activation of resident muscle stem/progenitor cells. Advantages and limitations of different cell therapy approaches will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Sirabella
- />Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, 2920 Broadway, New York, NY 10027-7164 USA
| | - Luciana De Angelis
- />DAHFMO, Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, University of Roma “La Sapienza”, Via Scarpa, 14, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Libera Berghella
- />IRCCS Fondazione S. Lucia, Via del Fosso di Fiorano, 64, 00143 Rome, Italy
- />HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, 601 Genome Way, Huntsville, AL 35806 USA
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41
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Converting pathological cells to therapeutic ones: an odyssey through pluripotency. Mol Ther 2013; 20:2012-4. [PMID: 23131852 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2012.219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
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42
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Benedetti S, Hoshiya H, Tedesco FS. Repair or replace? Exploiting novel gene and cell therapy strategies for muscular dystrophies. FEBS J 2013; 280:4263-80. [PMID: 23387802 DOI: 10.1111/febs.12178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2012] [Revised: 01/24/2013] [Accepted: 01/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Muscular dystrophies are genetic disorders characterized by skeletal muscle wasting and weakness. Although there is no effective therapy, a number of experimental strategies have been developed over recent years and some of them are undergoing clinical investigation. In this review, we highlight recent developments and key challenges for strategies based upon gene replacement and gene/expression repair, including exon-skipping, vector-mediated gene therapy and cell therapy. Therapeutic strategies for different forms of muscular dystrophy are discussed, with an emphasis on Duchenne muscular dystrophy, given the severity and the relatively advanced status of clinical studies for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Benedetti
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, UK
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43
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Abstract
Adult skeletal muscle in mammals is a stable tissue under normal circumstances but has remarkable ability to repair after injury. Skeletal muscle regeneration is a highly orchestrated process involving the activation of various cellular and molecular responses. As skeletal muscle stem cells, satellite cells play an indispensible role in this process. The self-renewing proliferation of satellite cells not only maintains the stem cell population but also provides numerous myogenic cells, which proliferate, differentiate, fuse, and lead to new myofiber formation and reconstitution of a functional contractile apparatus. The complex behavior of satellite cells during skeletal muscle regeneration is tightly regulated through the dynamic interplay between intrinsic factors within satellite cells and extrinsic factors constituting the muscle stem cell niche/microenvironment. For the last half century, the advance of molecular biology, cell biology, and genetics has greatly improved our understanding of skeletal muscle biology. Here, we review some recent advances, with focuses on functions of satellite cells and their niche during the process of skeletal muscle regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Yin
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Hosoyama T, Meyer MG, Krakora D, Suzuki M. Isolation and in vitro propagation of human skeletal muscle progenitor cells from fetal muscle. Cell Biol Int 2013; 37:191-6. [PMID: 23319422 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2012] [Accepted: 11/19/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle progenitor cells (SMPCs) are considered one of the most valuable cells for cell-based therapy targeting skeletal muscle. However, an efficient protocol for isolating and maintaining human myogenic progenitors in vitro has not been fully established. In this study, we demonstrate that human myogenic progenitors can be expanded and proliferated from human fetal muscles. Human SMPCs were prepared from fetal hind limb muscles and induced to proliferate as free-floating spheres termed myospheres in the medium containing basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and epidermal growth factor (EGF). Both myogenic progenitors and myoblast populations from human fetal muscles were effectively propagated in myospheres and passaged by a mechanical chopping. After expanding these spheres in culture, we tested whether myogenic progenitor cells can differentiate into multinucleated myotubes. The myospheres were dissociated, plated down on coverslips and cultured in the medium for terminal differentiation. We could confirm that the plated cells formed well-developed, multinucleated myotubes. This culture method using myospheres is an effective protocol to isolate and maintain SMPCs from human fetal skeletal muscles in culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tohru Hosoyama
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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Darabi R, Perlingeiro RCR. A Perspective on the Potential of Human iPS Cell-Based Therapies for Muscular Dystrophies: Advancements so far and Hurdles to Overcome. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 3. [PMID: 25383240 PMCID: PMC4220265 DOI: 10.4172/2157-7633.1000e113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Radbod Darabi
- Lillehei Heart Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, 312 Church Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Rita C R Perlingeiro
- Lillehei Heart Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, 312 Church Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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Awaya T, Kato T, Mizuno Y, Chang H, Niwa A, Umeda K, Nakahata T, Heike T. Selective development of myogenic mesenchymal cells from human embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells. PLoS One 2012; 7:e51638. [PMID: 23236522 PMCID: PMC3517512 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0051638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2012] [Accepted: 11/02/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Human embryonic stem (ES) cells and induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells are promising sources for the cell therapy of muscle diseases and can serve as powerful experimental tools for skeletal muscle research, provided an effective method to induce skeletal muscle cells is established. However, the current methods for myogenic differentiation from human ES cells are still inefficient for clinical use, while myogenic differentiation from human iPS cells remains to be accomplished. Here, we aimed to establish a practical differentiation method to induce skeletal myogenesis from both human ES and iPS cells. To accomplish this goal, we developed a novel stepwise culture method for the selective expansion of mesenchymal cells from cell aggregations called embryoid bodies. These mesenchymal cells, which were obtained by dissociation and re-cultivation of embryoid bodies, uniformly expressed CD56 and the mesenchymal markers CD73, CD105, CD166, and CD29, and finally differentiated into mature myotubes in vitro. Furthermore, these myogenic mesenchymal cells exhibited stable long-term engraftment in injured muscles of immunodeficient mice in vivo and were reactivated upon subsequent muscle damage, increasing in number to reconstruct damaged muscles. Our simple differentiation system facilitates further utilization of ES and iPS cells in both developmental and pathological muscle research and in serving as a practical donor source for cell therapy of muscle diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomonari Awaya
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
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Tedesco FS, Gerli MFM, Perani L, Benedetti S, Ungaro F, Cassano M, Antonini S, Tagliafico E, Artusi V, Longa E, Tonlorenzi R, Ragazzi M, Calderazzi G, Hoshiya H, Cappellari O, Mora M, Schoser B, Schneiderat P, Oshimura M, Bottinelli R, Sampaolesi M, Torrente Y, Broccoli V, Cossu G. Transplantation of genetically corrected human iPSC-derived progenitors in mice with limb-girdle muscular dystrophy. Sci Transl Med 2012; 4:140ra89. [PMID: 22745439 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3003541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Mesoangioblasts are stem/progenitor cells derived from a subset of pericytes found in muscle that express alkaline phosphatase. They have been shown to ameliorate the disease phenotypes of different animal models of muscular dystrophy and are now undergoing clinical testing in children affected by Duchenne's muscular dystrophy. Here, we show that patients with a related disease, limb-girdle muscular dystrophy 2D (LGMD2D), which is caused by mutations in the gene encoding α-sarcoglycan, have reduced numbers of this pericyte subset and thus produce too few mesoangioblasts for use in autologous cell therapy. Hence, we reprogrammed fibroblasts and myoblasts from LGMD2D patients to generate human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and developed a protocol for the derivation of mesoangioblast-like cells from these iPSCs. The iPSC-derived mesoangioblasts were expanded and genetically corrected in vitro with a lentiviral vector carrying the gene encoding human α-sarcoglycan and a promoter that would ensure expression only in striated muscle. When these genetically corrected human iPSC-derived mesoangioblasts were transplanted into α-sarcoglycan-null immunodeficient mice, they generated muscle fibers that expressed α-sarcoglycan. Finally, transplantation of mouse iPSC-derived mesoangioblasts into α-sarcoglycan-null immunodeficient mice resulted in functional amelioration of the dystrophic phenotype and restoration of the depleted progenitors. These findings suggest that transplantation of genetically corrected mesoangioblast-like cells generated from iPSCs from LGMD2D patients may be useful for treating this type of muscular dystrophy and perhaps other forms of muscular dystrophy as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Saverio Tedesco
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology and Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, University College London, London, UK.
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Wilschut KJ, Ling VB, Bernstein HS. Concise review: stem cell therapy for muscular dystrophies. Stem Cells Transl Med 2012. [PMID: 23197695 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2012-0071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Muscular dystrophy comprises a group of genetic diseases that cause progressive weakness and degeneration of skeletal muscle resulting from defective proteins critical to muscle structure and function. This leads to premature exhaustion of the muscle stem cell pool that maintains muscle integrity during normal use and exercise. Stem cell therapy holds promise as a treatment for muscular dystrophy by providing cells that can both deliver functional muscle proteins and replenish the stem cell pool. Here, we review the current state of research on myogenic stem cells and identify the important challenges that must be addressed as stem cell therapy is brought to the clinic.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review focuses on stem cell-based therapies to treat skeletal muscle disorders, with a special emphasis on muscular dystrophies. RECENT FINDINGS We briefly review previous attempts at cell therapy by the use of donor myoblasts, explaining the likely reasons for the poor clinical results; we then describe the use of the same cells in current promising trials for localized treatments of different diseases of skeletal muscle. Moreover, we discuss important novel findings on muscle stem/progenitor cell biology and their promise for future clinical translation. Preclinical and clinical applications of novel myogenic stem/progenitor cells are also described. SUMMARY We summarize several ongoing clinical trials for different muscle disorders and the advances in the understanding of the biology of the myogenic progenitors used in such trials. On the basis of the currently available information, a prediction of developments in the field is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco S Tedesco
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology and Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, University College London, London, UK
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Myoblasts derived from normal hESCs and dystrophic hiPSCs efficiently fuse with existing muscle fibers following transplantation. Mol Ther 2012; 20:2153-67. [PMID: 22990676 PMCID: PMC3498803 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2012.188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) have an endless self-renewal capacity and can theoretically differentiate into all types of lineages. They thus represent an unlimited source of cells for therapies of regenerative diseases, such as Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), and for tissue repair in specific medical fields. However, at the moment, the low number of efficient specific lineage differentiation protocols compromises their use in regenerative medicine. We developed a two-step procedure to differentiate hESCs and dystrophic hiPSCs in myogenic cells. The first step was a culture in a myogenic medium and the second step an infection with an adenovirus expressing the myogenic master gene MyoD. Following infection, the cells expressed several myogenic markers and formed abundant multinucleated myotubes in vitro. When transplanted in the muscle of Rag/mdx mice, these cells participated in muscle regeneration by fusing very well with existing muscle fibers. Our findings provide an effective method that will permit to use hESCs or hiPSCs for preclinical studies in muscle repair.
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