1
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Hoogstraten CA, Schirris TJJ, Russel FGM. Unlocking mitochondrial drug targets: The importance of mitochondrial transport proteins. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2024; 240:e14150. [PMID: 38666512 DOI: 10.1111/apha.14150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
A disturbed mitochondrial function contributes to the pathology of many common diseases. These organelles are therefore important therapeutic targets. On the contrary, many adverse effects of drugs can be explained by a mitochondrial off-target effect, in particular, due to an interaction with carrier proteins in the inner membrane. Yet this class of transport proteins remains underappreciated and understudied. The aim of this review is to provide a deeper understanding of the role of mitochondrial carriers in health and disease and their significance as drug targets. We present literature-based evidence that mitochondrial carrier proteins are associated with prevalent diseases and emphasize their potential as drug (off-)target sites by summarizing known mitochondrial drug-transporter interactions. Studying these carriers will enhance our knowledge of mitochondrial drug on- and off-targets and provide opportunities to further improve the efficacy and safety of drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte A Hoogstraten
- Department of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Tom J J Schirris
- Department of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Frans G M Russel
- Department of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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2
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Kefi M, Balabanidou V, Sarafoglou C, Charamis J, Lycett G, Ranson H, Gouridis G, Vontas J. ABCH2 transporter mediates deltamethrin uptake and toxicity in the malaria vector Anopheles coluzzii. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011226. [PMID: 37585450 PMCID: PMC10461823 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Contact insecticides are primarily used for the control of Anopheles malaria vectors. These chemicals penetrate mosquito legs and other appendages; the first barriers to reaching their neuronal targets. An ATP-Binding Cassette transporter from the H family (ABCH2) is highly expressed in Anopheles coluzzii legs, and further induced upon insecticide exposure. RNAi-mediated silencing of the ABCH2 caused a significant increase in deltamethrin mortality compared to control mosquitoes, coincident with a corresponding increase in 14C-deltamethrin penetration. RT-qPCR analysis and immunolocalization revealed ABCH2 to be mainly localized in the legs and head appendages, and more specifically, the apical part of the epidermis, underneath the cuticle. To unravel the molecular mechanism underlying the role of ABCH2 in modulating pyrethroid toxicity, two hypotheses were investigated: An indirect role, based on the orthology with other insect ABCH transporters involved with lipid transport and deposition of CHC lipids in Anopheles legs which may increase cuticle thickness, slowing down the penetration rate of deltamethrin; or the direct pumping of deltamethrin out of the organism. Evaluation of the leg cuticular hydrocarbon (CHC) content showed no affect by ABCH2 silencing, indicating this protein is not associated with the transport of leg CHCs. Homology-based modeling suggested that the ABCH2 half-transporter adopts a physiological homodimeric state, in line with its ability to hydrolyze ATP in vitro when expressed on its own in insect cells. Docking analysis revealed a deltamethrin pocket in the homodimeric transporter. Furthermore, deltamethrin-induced ATP hydrolysis in ABCH2-expressing cell membranes, further supports that deltamethrin is indeed an ABCH2 substrate. Overall, our findings pinpoint ABCH2 participating in deltamethrin toxicity regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Kefi
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, Vassilika Vouton, Heraklion, Greece
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Vasileia Balabanidou
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Chara Sarafoglou
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, Vassilika Vouton, Heraklion, Greece
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Jason Charamis
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, Vassilika Vouton, Heraklion, Greece
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Gareth Lycett
- Department of Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Hilary Ranson
- Department of Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Giorgos Gouridis
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Heraklion, Greece
| | - John Vontas
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Heraklion, Greece
- Pesticide Science Laboratory, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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3
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Hewton KG, Johal AS, Parker SJ. Transporters at the Interface between Cytosolic and Mitochondrial Amino Acid Metabolism. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11020112. [PMID: 33669382 PMCID: PMC7920303 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11020112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are central organelles that coordinate a vast array of metabolic and biologic functions important for cellular health. Amino acids are intricately linked to the bioenergetic, biosynthetic, and homeostatic function of the mitochondrion and require specific transporters to facilitate their import, export, and exchange across the inner mitochondrial membrane. Here we review key cellular metabolic outputs of eukaryotic mitochondrial amino acid metabolism and discuss both known and unknown transporters involved. Furthermore, we discuss how utilization of compartmentalized amino acid metabolism functions in disease and physiological contexts. We examine how improved methods to study mitochondrial metabolism, define organelle metabolite composition, and visualize cellular gradients allow for a more comprehensive understanding of how transporters facilitate compartmentalized metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keeley G. Hewton
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada; (K.G.H.); (A.S.J.)
| | - Amritpal S. Johal
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada; (K.G.H.); (A.S.J.)
| | - Seth J. Parker
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada; (K.G.H.); (A.S.J.)
- British Columbia Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V6H 0B3, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-604-875-3121
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4
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Gräfe K, Schmitt L. The ABC transporter G subfamily in Arabidopsis thaliana. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:92-106. [PMID: 32459300 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
ABC transporters are ubiquitously present in all kingdoms and mediate the transport of a large spectrum of structurally different compounds. Plants possess high numbers of ABC transporters in relation to other eukaryotes; the ABCG subfamily in particular is extensive. Earlier studies demonstrated that ABCG transporters are involved in important processes influencing plant fitness. This review summarizes the functions of ABCG transporters present in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. These transporters take part in diverse processes such as pathogen response, diffusion barrier formation, or phytohormone transport. Studies involving knockout mutations reported pleiotropic phenotypes of the mutants. In some cases, different physiological roles were assigned to the same protein. The actual transported substrate(s), however, still remain to be determined for the majority of ABCG transporters. Additionally, the proposed substrate spectrum of different ABCG proteins is not always reflected by sequence identities between ABCG members. Applying only reverse genetics is thereby insufficient to clearly identify the substrate(s). We therefore stress the importance of in vitro studies in addition to in vivo studies in order to (i) clarify the substrate identity; (ii) determine the transport characteristics including directionality; and (iii) identify dimerization partners of the half-size proteins, which might in turn affect substrate specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Gräfe
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences CEPLAS, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Lutz Schmitt
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences CEPLAS, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
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5
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Nicklisch SC, Hamdoun A. Disruption of small molecule transporter systems by Transporter-Interfering Chemicals (TICs). FEBS Lett 2020; 594:4158-4185. [PMID: 33222203 PMCID: PMC8112642 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Small molecule transporters (SMTs) in the ABC and SLC families are important players in disposition of diverse endo- and xenobiotics. Interactions of environmental chemicals with these transporters were first postulated in the 1990s, and since validated in numerous in vitro and in vivo scenarios. Recent results on the co-crystal structure of ABCB1 with the flame-retardant BDE-100 demonstrate that a diverse range of man-made and natural toxic molecules, hereafter termed transporter-interfering chemicals (TICs), can directly bind to SMTs and interfere with their function. TIC-binding modes mimic those of substrates, inhibitors, modulators, inducers, and possibly stimulants through direct and allosteric mechanisms. Similarly, the effects could directly or indirectly agonize, antagonize or perhaps even prime the SMT system to alter transport function. Importantly, TICs are distinguished from drugs and pharmaceuticals that interact with transporters in that exposure is unintended and inherently variant. Here, we review the molecular mechanisms of environmental chemical interaction with SMTs, the methodological considerations for their evaluation, and the future directions for TIC discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sascha C.T. Nicklisch
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Amro Hamdoun
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0202
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6
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Borst P. Looking back at multidrug resistance (MDR) research and ten mistakes to be avoided when writing about ABC transporters in MDR. FEBS Lett 2020; 594:4001-4011. [PMID: 33111311 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents a personal, selective, and sometimes critical retrospective of the history of ABC transporters in multidrug resistance (MDR) of cancer cells, overrepresenting discoveries of some early pioneers, long forgotten, and highlights of research in Amsterdam, mainly focussing on discoveries made with disruptions of ABC genes in mice (KO mice) and on the role of ABC transporters in causing drug resistance in a mouse model of mammary cancer. The history is complemented by a list of erroneous concepts often found in papers and grant applications submitted anno 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piet Borst
- Division of Cell Biology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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7
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Kroll T, Prescher M, Smits SHJ, Schmitt L. Structure and Function of Hepatobiliary ATP Binding Cassette Transporters. Chem Rev 2020; 121:5240-5288. [PMID: 33201677 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The liver is beyond any doubt the most important metabolic organ of the human body. This function requires an intensive crosstalk within liver cellular structures, but also with other organs. Membrane transport proteins are therefore of upmost importance as they represent the sensors and mediators that shuttle signals from outside to the inside of liver cells and/or vice versa. In this review, we summarize the known literature of liver transport proteins with a clear emphasis on functional and structural information on ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporters, which are expressed in the human liver. These primary active membrane transporters form one of the largest families of membrane proteins. In the liver, they play an essential role in for example bile formation or xenobiotic export. Our review provides a state of the art and comprehensive summary of the current knowledge of hepatobiliary ABC transporters. Clearly, our knowledge has improved with a breath-taking speed over the last few years and will expand further. Thus, this review will provide the status quo and will lay the foundation for new and exciting avenues in liver membrane transporter research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Kroll
- Institute of Biochemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstrasse 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Martin Prescher
- Institute of Biochemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstrasse 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sander H J Smits
- Institute of Biochemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstrasse 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.,Center for Structural Studies, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstrasse 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Lutz Schmitt
- Institute of Biochemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstrasse 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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8
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Mochizuki T, Mizuno T, Maeda K, Kusuhara H. Current progress in identifying endogenous biomarker candidates for drug transporter phenotyping and their potential application to drug development. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2020; 37:100358. [PMID: 33461054 DOI: 10.1016/j.dmpk.2020.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Drug transporters play important roles in the elimination of various compounds from the blood. Genetic variation and drug-drug interactions underlie the pharmacokinetic differences for the substrates of drug transporters. Some endogenous substrates of drug transporters have emerged as biomarkers to assess differences in drug transporter activity-not only in animals, but also in humans. Metabolomic analysis is a promising approach for identifying such endogenous substrates through their metabolites. The appropriateness of metabolites is supported by studies in vitro and in vivo, both in animals and through pharmacogenomic or drug-drug interaction studies in humans. This review summarizes current progress in identifying such endogenous biomarkers and applying them to drug transporter phenotyping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuki Mochizuki
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacokinetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, the University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tadahaya Mizuno
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacokinetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, the University of Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Kazuya Maeda
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacokinetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, the University of Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Hiroyuki Kusuhara
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacokinetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, the University of Tokyo, Japan.
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9
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Demurtas OC, de Brito Francisco R, Martinoia E, Giuliano G. Transportomics for the Characterization of Plant Apocarotenoid Transmembrane Transporters. Methods Mol Biol 2020; 2083:89-99. [PMID: 31745915 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9952-1_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Apocarotenoids are carotenoid derivatives produced by the nonenzymatic or enzymatic cleavage of carotenoids, followed by different enzymatic modifications. In plants, apocarotenoids play different roles, such as attraction of pollinators and seeds dispersal, defense against pathogens and herbivores, protection against photo-oxidative stresses, stimulation and inhibition of plant growth and regulation of biological processes in the case of phytohormones abscisic acid and strigolactones. While carotenoids are in general plastid-localized metabolites, apocarotenoids can reach different final destinations inside or outside the cell. The mechanisms of apocarotenoid transport through biological membranes have been poorly studied. This chapter describes a method to characterize transmembrane transporters involved in the transport of polar and amphipathic apocarotenoids. This protocol was successfully used to in vitro characterize the transport activity of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) and multidrug and toxic extrusion (MATE) in microsomes isolated from Saccharomyces cerevisiae expressing these plant transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Costantina Demurtas
- ENEA, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, C.R. Casaccia, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Enrico Martinoia
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Giovanni Giuliano
- ENEA, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, C.R. Casaccia, Rome, Italy.
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10
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Borst P, Váradi A, van de Wetering K. PXE, a Mysterious Inborn Error Clarified. Trends Biochem Sci 2018; 44:125-140. [PMID: 30446375 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2018.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Revised: 10/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Ever since Garrod deduced the existence of inborn errors in 1901, a vast array of metabolic diseases has been identified and characterized in molecular terms. In 2018 it is difficult to imagine that there is any uncharted backyard left in the metabolic disease landscape. Nevertheless, it took until 2013 to identify the cause of a relatively frequent inborn error, pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE), a disorder resulting in aberrant calcification. The mechanism found was not only biochemically interesting but also points to possible new treatments for PXE, a disease that has remained untreatable. In this review we sketch the tortuous road that led to the biochemical understanding of PXE and to new ideas for treatment. We also discuss some of the controversies still haunting the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piet Borst
- Division of Oncogenetics, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - András Váradi
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Center for Natural Sciences (RCNS), Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Koen van de Wetering
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology and PXE International Center of Excellence in Research and Clinical Care, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
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11
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Combination Metabolomics Approach for Identifying Endogenous Substrates of Carnitine/Organic Cation Transporter OCTN1. Pharm Res 2018; 35:224. [PMID: 30280275 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-018-2507-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Solute carrier SLC22A4 encodes the carnitine/organic cation transporter OCTN1 and is associated with inflammatory bowel disease, although little is known about how this gene is linked to pathogenesis. The aim of the present study was to identify endogenous substrates that are associated with gastrointestinal inflammation. METHODS HEK293/OCTN1 and mock cells were incubated with colon extracts isolated from dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis mice; the subsequent cell lysates were mixed with the amino group selective reagent 3-aminopyridyl-N-hydroxysuccinimidyl carbamate (APDS), to selectively label OCTN1 substrates. Precursor ion scanning against the fragment ion of APDS was then used to identify candidate OCTN1 substrates. RESULTS Over 10,000 peaks were detected by precursor ion scanning; m/z 342 had a higher signal in HEK293/OCTN1 compared to mock cells. This peak was detected as a divalent ion that contained four APDS-derived fragments and was identified as spermine. Spermine concentration in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from octn1 gene knockout mice (octn1-/-) was significantly lower than in wild-type mice. Lipopolysaccharide-induced gene expression of inflammatory cytokines in peritoneal macrophages from octn1-/- mice was lower than in wild-type mice. CONCLUSIONS The combination metabolomics approach can provide a novel tool to identify endogenous substrates of OCTN1.
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12
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Robinson AE, Henderson JP, Henzler-Wildman KA. A mass spectrometry based transport assay for studying EmrE transport of unlabeled substrates. Anal Biochem 2018; 549:130-135. [PMID: 29559333 PMCID: PMC5938110 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2018.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Membrane transporters are an important class of proteins which remain challenging to study. Transport assays are crucial to developing our understanding of such proteins as they allow direct measurement of their transport activity. However, currently available methods for monitoring liposomal loading of organic substrates primarily rely on detection of radioactively or fluorescently labeled substrates. The requirement of a labeled substrate significantly restricts the systems and substrates that can be studied. Here we present a mass spectrometry based detection method for liposomal uptake assays that eliminates the need for labeled substrates. We demonstrate the efficacy of the assay with EmrE, a small multidrug resistance transporter found in E. coli that has become a model transport system for the study of secondary active transport. Furthermore, we develop a method for differentiation between bound and transported substrate, enhancing the information gained from the liposomal uptake assay. The transport assay presented here is readily applicable to other transport systems and substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne E Robinson
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States; Center for Women's Infectious Diseases Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Jeffrey P Henderson
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States; Center for Women's Infectious Diseases Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
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13
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Martinez D, Muhrez K, Woillard JB, Berthelot A, Gyan E, Choquet S, Andrès CR, Marquet P, Barin-Le Guellec C. Endogenous Metabolites-Mediated Communication Between OAT1/OAT3 and OATP1B1 May Explain the Association Between SLCO1B1 SNPs and Methotrexate Toxicity. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2018; 104:687-698. [PMID: 29285751 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.1008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Although OATP1B1 is not expressed in the kidney, polymorphisms in SLCO1B1 have been associated with methotrexate clearance or toxicity. This unexpected pharmacogenetic association may reflect remote communication between liver and kidney transporters. This study confirms the pharmacogenetic association with methotrexate toxicity in adult patients with hematological malignancies. Using a targeted urinary metabolomics approach, we identified 38 and 34 metabolites which were differentially excreted between wildtype and carriers of the c.388A>G or c.521T>C variant alleles, respectively, half of them being associated with methotrexate toxicity. These metabolites mainly consisted of fatty acid derivatives and microbiota catabolites, including glycine conjugates and other uremic toxins, all known OATs substrates. These results suggest that dysfunction of a transporter affects the excretion profile of endogenous or exogenous substrates, possibly through metabolite-mediated interactions involving other transport systems, even in distant organs. This opens the way for better comprehension of complex pharmacokinetics and transporter-mediated drug-drug or nutrient-drug interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Martinez
- CHU Tours, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tours, France
| | | | - Jean-Baptiste Woillard
- INSERM UMR 850, Limoges, France.,University of Limoges, Faculty of Medicine, Limoges, France.,CHU Limoges, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Pharmacovigilance, Limoges, France
| | - Aline Berthelot
- CHU Tours, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tours, France
| | - Emmanuel Gyan
- CHU Tours, Department of Hematology and Cell Therapy, Tours, France
| | - Sylvain Choquet
- CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Department of Hematology, Paris, France
| | - Christian R Andrès
- CHU Tours, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tours, France
| | - Pierre Marquet
- INSERM UMR 850, Limoges, France.,University of Limoges, Faculty of Medicine, Limoges, France
| | - Chantal Barin-Le Guellec
- CHU Tours, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tours, France.,University of Tours, Tours, France.,INSERM UMR 850, Limoges, France
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14
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Begicevic RR, Falasca M. ABC Transporters in Cancer Stem Cells: Beyond Chemoresistance. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E2362. [PMID: 29117122 PMCID: PMC5713331 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18112362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Revised: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The efficacy of chemotherapy is one of the main challenges in cancer treatment and one of the major obstacles to overcome in achieving lasting remission and a definitive cure in patients with cancer is the emergence of cancer resistance. Indeed, drug resistance is ultimately accountable for poor treatment outcomes and tumour relapse. There are various molecular mechanisms involved in multidrug resistance, such as the change in the activity of membrane transporters primarily belonging to the ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporter family. In addition, it has been proposed that this common feature could be attributed to a subpopulation of slow-cycling cancer stem cells (CSCs), endowed with enhanced tumorigenic potential and multidrug resistance. CSCs are characterized by the overexpression of specific surface markers that vary in different cancer cell types. Overexpression of ABC transporters has been reported in several cancers and more predominantly in CSCs. While the major focus on the role played by ABC transporters in cancer is polarized by their involvement in chemoresistance, emerging evidence supports a more active role of these proteins, in which they release specific bioactive molecules in the extracellular milieu. This review will outline our current understanding of the role played by ABC transporters in CSCs, how their expression is regulated and how they support the malignant metabolic phenotype. To summarize, we suggest that the increased expression of ABC transporters in CSCs may have precise functional roles and provide the opportunity to target, particularly these cells, by using specific ABC transporter inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romana-Rea Begicevic
- Metabolic Signalling Group, School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth WA 6102, Australia.
| | - Marco Falasca
- Metabolic Signalling Group, School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth WA 6102, Australia.
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15
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Development of a high-performance, enterprise-level, multimode LC–MS/MS autosampler for drug discovery. Bioanalysis 2017; 9:1643-1654. [DOI: 10.4155/bio-2017-0149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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16
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Chu X, Chan GH, Evers R. Identification of Endogenous Biomarkers to Predict the Propensity of Drug Candidates to Cause Hepatic or Renal Transporter-Mediated Drug-Drug Interactions. J Pharm Sci 2017; 106:2357-2367. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2017.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Revised: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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17
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Muhrez K, Largeau B, Emond P, Montigny F, Halimi JM, Trouillas P, Barin-Le Guellec C. Single nucleotide polymorphisms of ABCC2 modulate renal secretion of endogenous organic anions. Biochem Pharmacol 2017; 140:124-138. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2017.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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18
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García-Mateos D, García-Villalba R, Marañón JA, Espín JC, Merino G, Álvarez AI. The Breast Cancer Resistance Protein (BCRP/ABCG2) influences the levels of enterolignans and their metabolites in plasma, milk and mammary gland. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.06.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
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19
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Rodrigues AD, Taskar KS, Kusuhara H, Sugiyama Y. Endogenous Probes for Drug Transporters: Balancing Vision With Reality. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2017; 103:434-448. [DOI: 10.1002/cpt.749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Revised: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- AD Rodrigues
- Pharmacokinetics; Dynamics & Metabolism, Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc.; Groton Connecticut USA
| | - KS Taskar
- Mechanistic Safety and Disposition; IVIVT, GlaxoSmithKline; Ware Hertfordshire UK
| | - H Kusuhara
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacokinetics; Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | - Y Sugiyama
- RIKEN Innovation Center; Research Cluster for Innovation; RIKEN Kanagawa Japan
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20
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Timachi MH, Hutter CA, Hohl M, Assafa T, Böhm S, Mittal A, Seeger MA, Bordignon E. Exploring conformational equilibria of a heterodimeric ABC transporter. eLife 2017; 6. [PMID: 28051765 PMCID: PMC5216877 DOI: 10.7554/elife.20236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
ABC exporters pump substrates across the membrane by coupling ATP-driven movements of nucleotide binding domains (NBDs) to the transmembrane domains (TMDs), which switch between inward- and outward-facing (IF, OF) orientations. DEER measurements on the heterodimeric ABC exporter TM287/288 from Thermotoga maritima, which contains a non-canonical ATP binding site, revealed that in the presence of nucleotides the transporter exists in an IF/OF equilibrium. While ATP binding was sufficient to partially populate the OF state, nucleotide trapping in the pre- or post-hydrolytic state was required for a pronounced conformational shift. At physiologically high temperatures and in the absence of nucleotides, the NBDs disengage asymmetrically while the conformation of the TMDs remains unchanged. Nucleotide binding at the degenerate ATP site prevents complete NBD separation, a molecular feature differentiating heterodimeric from homodimeric ABC exporters. Our data suggest hydrolysis-independent closure of the NBD dimer, which is further stabilized as the consensus site nucleotide is committed to hydrolysis. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.20236.001
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hadi Timachi
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany.,Department of Physics, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Cedric Aj Hutter
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Hohl
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tufa Assafa
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany.,Department of Physics, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Simon Böhm
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anshumali Mittal
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Markus A Seeger
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Enrica Bordignon
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany.,Department of Physics, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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21
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Rasmussen MR, Nielsen KL, Laursen MR, Nielsen CB, Svendsen P, Dimke H, Christensen EI, Johannsen M, Moestrup SK. Untargeted Metabolomics Analysis of ABCC6-Deficient Mice Discloses an Altered Metabolic Liver Profile. J Proteome Res 2016; 15:4591-4600. [PMID: 27758107 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.6b00669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Loss-of-function mutations in the transmembrane ABCC6 transport protein cause pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE), an ectopic, metabolic mineralization disorder that affects the skin, eye, and vessels. ABCC6 is assumed to mediate efflux of one or several small molecule compounds from the liver cytosol to the circulation. Untargeted metabolomics using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was employed to inspect liver cytosolic extracts from mice with targeted disruption of the Abcc6 gene. Absence of the ABCC6 protein induced an altered profile of metabolites in the liver causing accumulation of compounds as more features were upregulated than downregulated in ABCC6-deficient mice. However, no differences of the identified metabolites in liver could be detected in plasma, whereas urine reflected some of the changes. Of note, N-acetylated amino acids and pantothenic acid (vitamin B5), which is involved in acetylation reactions, were accumulated in the liver. None of the identified metabolites seems to explain mineralization in extrahepatic tissues, but the present study now shows that abrogated ABCC6 function does cause alterations in the metabolic profile of the liver in accordance with PXE being a metabolic disease originating from liver disturbance. Further studies of these changes and the further identification of yet unknown metabolites may help to clarify the liver-related pathomechanism of PXE.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Søren K Moestrup
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Pharmacology, Odense University Hospital , Odense 5000, Denmark
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22
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Hu R, Qiu D, Chen Y, Miller AJ, Fan X, Pan X, Zhang M. Knock-Down of a Tonoplast Localized Low-Affinity Nitrate Transporter OsNPF7.2 Affects Rice Growth under High Nitrate Supply. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1529. [PMID: 27826301 PMCID: PMC5078692 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The large nitrate transporter 1/peptide transporter family (NPF) has been shown to transport diverse substrates, including nitrate, amino acids, peptides, phytohormones, and glucosinolates. However, the rice (Oryza sativa) root-specific family member OsNPF7.2 has not been functionally characterized. Here, our data show that OsNPF7.2 is a tonoplast localized low-affinity nitrate transporter, that affects rice growth under high nitrate supply. Expression analysis showed that OsNPF7.2 was mainly expressed in the elongation and maturation zones of roots, especially in the root sclerenchyma, cortex and stele. It was also induced by high concentrations of nitrate. Subcellular localization analysis showed that OsNPF7.2 was localized on the tonoplast of large and small vacuoles. Heterologous expression in Xenopus laevis oocytes suggested that OsNPF7.2 was a low-affinity nitrate transporter. Knock-down of OsNPF7.2 retarded rice growth under high concentrations of nitrate. Therefore, we deduce that OsNPF7.2 plays a role in intracellular allocation of nitrate in roots, and thus influences rice growth under high nitrate supply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Hu
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Diyang Qiu
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Yi Chen
- Metabolic Biology Department, John Innes CentreNorwich, UK
| | | | - Xiaorong Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Xiaoping Pan
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou, China
| | - Mingyong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou, China
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23
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Abstract
ATP-binding cassette (ABC) proteins form a large and ubiquitous family, most members of which are membrane-associated primary transporters. Plant genomes code for a particularly large number of these ABC proteins, with more than 120 genes present in both Arabidopsis thaliana and Oryza sativa (rice). Although plant ABC transporters were initially identified as detoxifiers, sequestering xenobitotics into the vacuole, they were later found to be involved in a wide range of essential physiological processes. Currently, the exact substrates transported by most of these transporters are still unknown and we therefore cannot exclude that a single substrate (e.g. a hormone) is responsible for the diversity of physiological roles. This gap in our knowledge is mainly due to the fact that only a few studies have used direct methods to identify the substrates of these membrane transporters. To address this issue, transport assays involving isolated cells, vesicular membranes or reconstituted liposomes are essential. In this review, we will highlight the importance of the direct biochemical characterization of plant ABC transporters and give some insights into the current status of the homologous and heterologous expression of such proteins.
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24
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Fletcher JI, Williams RT, Henderson MJ, Norris MD, Haber M. ABC transporters as mediators of drug resistance and contributors to cancer cell biology. Drug Resist Updat 2016; 26:1-9. [PMID: 27180306 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2016.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 281] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Revised: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jamie I Fletcher
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Rebekka T Williams
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Michelle J Henderson
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Murray D Norris
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Michelle Haber
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, Randwick, NSW, Australia.
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25
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Jansen RS, Mahakena S, de Haas M, Borst P, van de Wetering K. ATP-binding Cassette Subfamily C Member 5 (ABCC5) Functions as an Efflux Transporter of Glutamate Conjugates and Analogs. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:30429-40. [PMID: 26515061 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.692103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The ubiquitous efflux transporter ABCC5 (ATP-binding cassette subfamily C member 5) is present at high levels in the blood-brain barrier, neurons, and glia, but its in vivo substrates and function are not known. Using untargeted metabolomic screens, we show that Abcc5(-/-) mice accumulate endogenous glutamate conjugates in several tissues, but brain in particular. The abundant neurotransmitter N-acetylaspartylglutamate was 2.4-fold higher in Abcc5(-/-) brain. The metabolites that accumulated in Abcc5(-/-) tissues were depleted in cultured cells that overexpressed human ABCC5. In a vesicular membrane transport assay, ABCC5 also transported exogenous glutamate analogs, like the classic excitotoxic neurotoxins kainic acid, domoic acid, and NMDA; the therapeutic glutamate analog ZJ43; and, as previously shown, the anti-cancer drug methotrexate. Glutamate conjugates and analogs are of physiological relevance because they can affect the function of glutamate, the principal excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain. After CO2 asphyxiation, several immediate early genes were expressed at lower levels in Abcc5(-/-) brains than in wild type brains, suggesting altered glutamate signaling. Our results show that ABCC5 is a general glutamate conjugate and analog transporter that affects the disposition of endogenous metabolites, toxins, and drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert S Jansen
- From the Division of Molecular Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sunny Mahakena
- From the Division of Molecular Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel de Haas
- From the Division of Molecular Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Piet Borst
- From the Division of Molecular Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Koen van de Wetering
- From the Division of Molecular Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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26
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César-Razquin A, Snijder B, Frappier-Brinton T, Isserlin R, Gyimesi G, Bai X, Reithmeier RA, Hepworth D, Hediger MA, Edwards AM, Superti-Furga G. A Call for Systematic Research on Solute Carriers. Cell 2015; 162:478-87. [PMID: 26232220 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2015.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 362] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Solute carrier (SLC) membrane transport proteins control essential physiological functions, including nutrient uptake, ion transport, and waste removal. SLCs interact with several important drugs, and a quarter of the more than 400 SLC genes are associated with human diseases. Yet, compared to other gene families of similar stature, SLCs are relatively understudied. The time is right for a systematic attack on SLC structure, specificity, and function, taking into account kinship and expression, as well as the dependencies that arise from the common metabolic space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrián César-Razquin
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Berend Snijder
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Ruth Isserlin
- The Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Gergely Gyimesi
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine and Swiss National Center of Competence in Research, NCCR TransCure, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Xiaoyun Bai
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8 Canada
| | | | - David Hepworth
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Matthias A Hediger
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine and Swiss National Center of Competence in Research, NCCR TransCure, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Aled M Edwards
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada.
| | - Giulio Superti-Furga
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
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27
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Abstract
In most organisms, ABC transporters constitute one of the largest families of membrane proteins. In humans, their functions are diverse and underpin numerous key physiological processes, as well as being causative factors in a number of clinically relevant pathologies. Advances in our understanding of these diseases have come about through combinations of genetic and protein biochemical investigations of these transporters and the power of in vitro and in vivo investigations is helping to develop genotype–phenotype understanding. However, the importance of ABC transporter research goes far beyond human biology; microbial ABC transporters are of great interest in terms of understanding virulence and drug resistance and industrial biotechnology researchers are exploring the potential of prokaryotic ABC exporters to increase the capacity of synthetic biology systems. Plant ABC transporters play important roles in transport of hormones, xenobiotics, metals and secondary metabolites, pathogen responses and numerous aspects of development, all of which are important in the global food security area. For 3 days in Chester, this Biochemical Society Focused Meeting brought together researchers with diverse experimental approaches and with different fundamental questions, all of which are linked by the commonality of ABC transporters.
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28
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N-lactoyl-amino acids are ubiquitous metabolites that originate from CNDP2-mediated reverse proteolysis of lactate and amino acids. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:6601-6. [PMID: 25964343 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1424638112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite technological advances in metabolomics, large parts of the human metabolome are still unexplored. In an untargeted metabolomics screen aiming to identify substrates of the orphan transporter ATP-binding cassette subfamily C member 5 (ABCC5), we identified a class of mammalian metabolites, N-lactoyl-amino acids. Using parallel protein fractionation in conjunction with shotgun proteomics on fractions containing N-lactoyl-Phe-forming activity, we unexpectedly found that a protease, cytosolic nonspecific dipeptidase 2 (CNDP2), catalyzes their formation. N-lactoyl-amino acids are ubiquitous pseudodipeptides of lactic acid and amino acids that are rapidly formed by reverse proteolysis, a process previously considered to be negligible in vivo. The plasma levels of these metabolites strongly correlate with plasma levels of lactate and amino acid, as shown by increased levels after physical exercise and in patients with phenylketonuria who suffer from elevated Phe levels. Our approach to identify unknown metabolites and their biosynthesis has general applicability in the further exploration of the human metabolome.
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29
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Ioannidis A, Magana M, Bologa CG, Oprea TI, Paulsen IT, Tegos GP. Defining the microbial effluxome in the content of the host-microbiome interaction. Front Pharmacol 2015; 6:31. [PMID: 25745401 PMCID: PMC4333769 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2015.00031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Anastasios Ioannidis
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Human Movement and Quality of Life Sciences, University of Peloponnese Sparta, Greece ; Department of Clinical Microbiology, Athens Medical School, Aeginition Hospital Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Magana
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Human Movement and Quality of Life Sciences, University of Peloponnese Sparta, Greece
| | - Cristian G Bologa
- Translational Informatics Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Tudor I Oprea
- Translational Informatics Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center Albuquerque, NM, USA ; Department of Systems Biology, Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Technical University of Denmark Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Ian T Paulsen
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Macquarie University NSW, Australia
| | - George P Tegos
- Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies, Port St. Lucie FL, USA ; Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School Boston, MA, USA ; Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital Boston MA, USA
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30
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Kusuhara H. How far should we go? Perspective of drug-drug interaction studies in drug development. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2015; 29:227-8. [PMID: 24965785 DOI: 10.2133/dmpk.dmpk-14-pf-903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Kusuhara
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacokinetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo
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31
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Kuzaj P, Kuhn J, Michalek RD, Karoly ED, Faust I, Dabisch-Ruthe M, Knabbe C, Hendig D. Large-scaled metabolic profiling of human dermal fibroblasts derived from pseudoxanthoma elasticum patients and healthy controls. PLoS One 2014; 9:e108336. [PMID: 25265166 PMCID: PMC4181624 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0108336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2014] [Accepted: 08/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the ABC transporter ABCC6 were recently identified as cause of Pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE), a rare genetic disorder characterized by progressive mineralization of elastic fibers. We used an untargeted metabolic approach to identify biochemical differences between human dermal fibroblasts from healthy controls and PXE patients in an attempt to find a link between ABCC6 deficiency, cellular metabolic alterations and disease pathogenesis. 358 compounds were identified by mass spectrometry covering lipids, amino acids, peptides, carbohydrates, nucleotides, vitamins and cofactors, xenobiotics and energy metabolites. We found substantial differences in glycerophospholipid composition, leucine dipeptides, and polypeptides as well as alterations in pantothenate and guanine metabolism to be significantly associated with PXE pathogenesis. These findings can be linked to extracellular matrix remodeling and increased oxidative stress, which reflect characteristic hallmarks of PXE. Our study could facilitate a better understanding of biochemical pathways involved in soft tissue mineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Kuzaj
- Institut für Laboratoriums- und Transfusionsmedizin, Herz- und Diabeteszentrum Nordrhein-Westfalen, Universitätsklinik der Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
| | - Joachim Kuhn
- Institut für Laboratoriums- und Transfusionsmedizin, Herz- und Diabeteszentrum Nordrhein-Westfalen, Universitätsklinik der Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
| | - Ryan D. Michalek
- Metabolon, Inc., Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Edward D. Karoly
- Metabolon, Inc., Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Isabel Faust
- Institut für Laboratoriums- und Transfusionsmedizin, Herz- und Diabeteszentrum Nordrhein-Westfalen, Universitätsklinik der Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
| | - Mareike Dabisch-Ruthe
- Institut für Laboratoriums- und Transfusionsmedizin, Herz- und Diabeteszentrum Nordrhein-Westfalen, Universitätsklinik der Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
| | - Cornelius Knabbe
- Institut für Laboratoriums- und Transfusionsmedizin, Herz- und Diabeteszentrum Nordrhein-Westfalen, Universitätsklinik der Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
| | - Doris Hendig
- Institut für Laboratoriums- und Transfusionsmedizin, Herz- und Diabeteszentrum Nordrhein-Westfalen, Universitätsklinik der Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
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32
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Tyrosine kinase inhibitors as reversal agents for ABC transporter mediated drug resistance. Molecules 2014; 19:13848-77. [PMID: 25191874 PMCID: PMC6271846 DOI: 10.3390/molecules190913848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Revised: 08/25/2014] [Accepted: 08/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Tyrosine kinases (TKs) play an important role in pathways that regulate cancer cell proliferation, apoptosis, angiogenesis and metastasis. Aberrant activity of TKs has been implicated in several types of cancers. In recent years, tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have been developed to interfere with the activity of deregulated kinases. These TKIs are remarkably effective in the treatment of various human cancers including head and neck, gastric, prostate and breast cancer and several types of leukemia. However, these TKIs are transported out of the cell by ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, resulting in development of a characteristic drug resistance phenotype in cancer patients. Interestingly, some of these TKIs also inhibit the ABC transporter mediated multi drug resistance (MDR) thereby; enhancing the efficacy of conventional chemotherapeutic drugs. This review discusses the clinically relevant TKIs and their interaction with ABC drug transporters in modulating MDR.
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33
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Gökirmak T, Shipp LE, Campanale JP, Nicklisch SCT, Hamdoun A. Transport in technicolor: mapping ATP-binding cassette transporters in sea urchin embryos. Mol Reprod Dev 2014; 81:778-93. [PMID: 25156004 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.22357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 06/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
One quarter of eukaryotic genes encode membrane proteins. These include nearly 1,000 transporters that translocate nutrients, signaling molecules, and xenobiotics across membranes. While it is well appreciated that membrane transport is critical for development, the specific roles of many transporters have remained cryptic, in part because of their abundance and the diversity of their substrates. Multidrug resistance ATP-binding cassette (ABC) efflux transporters are one example of cryptic membrane proteins. Although most organisms utilize these ABC transporters during embryonic development, many of these transporters have broad substrate specificity, and their developmental functions remain incompletely understood. Here, we review advances in our understanding of ABC transporters in sea urchin embryos, and methods developed to spatially and temporally map these proteins. These studies reveal that multifunctional transporters are required for signaling, homeostasis, and protection of the embryo, and shed light on how they are integrated into ancestral developmental pathways recapitulated in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tufan Gökirmak
- Marine Biology Research Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
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34
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Schmitt S, Höfner G, Wanner KT. MS Transport Assays for γ-Aminobutyric Acid Transporters—An Efficient Alternative for Radiometric Assays. Anal Chem 2014; 86:7575-83. [DOI: 10.1021/ac501366r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Schmitt
- Department of Pharmacy—Center
for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstraße
7, 81377 München, Germany
| | - Georg Höfner
- Department of Pharmacy—Center
for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstraße
7, 81377 München, Germany
| | - Klaus T. Wanner
- Department of Pharmacy—Center
for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstraße
7, 81377 München, Germany
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35
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Schaedler TA, Thornton JD, Kruse I, Schwarzländer M, Meyer AJ, van Veen HW, Balk J. A conserved mitochondrial ATP-binding cassette transporter exports glutathione polysulfide for cytosolic metal cofactor assembly. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:23264-74. [PMID: 25006243 PMCID: PMC4156053 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.553438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
An ATP-binding cassette transporter located in the inner mitochondrial membrane is involved in iron-sulfur cluster and molybdenum cofactor assembly in the cytosol, but the transported substrate is unknown. ATM3 (ABCB25) from Arabidopsis thaliana and its functional orthologue Atm1 from Saccharomyces cerevisiae were expressed in Lactococcus lactis and studied in inside-out membrane vesicles and in purified form. Both proteins selectively transported glutathione disulfide (GSSG) but not reduced glutathione in agreement with a 3-fold stimulation of ATPase activity by GSSG. By contrast, Fe2+ alone or in combination with glutathione did not stimulate ATPase activity. Arabidopsis atm3 mutants were hypersensitive to an inhibitor of glutathione biosynthesis and accumulated GSSG in the mitochondria. The growth phenotype of atm3-1 was strongly enhanced by depletion of the mitochondrion-localized, GSH-dependent persulfide oxygenase ETHE1, suggesting that the physiological substrate of ATM3 contains persulfide in addition to glutathione. Consistent with this idea, a transportomics approach using mass spectrometry showed that glutathione trisulfide (GS-S-SG) was transported by Atm1. We propose that mitochondria export glutathione polysulfide, containing glutathione and persulfide, for iron-sulfur cluster assembly in the cytosol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresia A Schaedler
- From the John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom, the Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EA, United Kingdom
| | - Jeremy D Thornton
- From the John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom
| | - Inga Kruse
- From the John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom, the School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Markus Schwarzländer
- the Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, University of Bonn, 53113 Bonn, Germany
| | - Andreas J Meyer
- the Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, University of Bonn, 53113 Bonn, Germany
| | - Hendrik W van Veen
- the Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1PD, United Kingdom, and
| | - Janneke Balk
- From the John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom, the School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom
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Miguel V, Otero JA, García-Villalba R, Tomás-Barberán F, Espín JC, Merino G, Álvarez AI. Role of ABCG2 in transport of the mammalian lignan enterolactone and its secretion into milk in Abcg2 knockout mice. Drug Metab Dispos 2014; 42:943-6. [PMID: 24568887 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.113.055970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Lignans are phytoestrogens that are metabolized by the gut microbiota to enterodiol and enterolactone, the main biologically active enterolignans. Substantial interindividual variation in plasma concentration and urinary excretion of enterolignans has been reported, this being determined, at least in part, by the intake of lignan precursors, the gut microbiota, and the host's phase 2 conjugating enzyme activity. However, the role of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters in the transport and disposition of enterolactone has not been reported so far. Active transport assays using parental and Madin-Darby canine kidney epithelial cells transduced with murine and human ABCG2 showed a significant increase in apically directed translocation of enterolactone in transduced cells, which was confirmed by using the selective ABCG2 inhibitor Ko143. In addition, enterolactone also inhibited transport of the antineoplastic agent mitoxantrone as a model substrate, with inhibition percentages of almost 40% at 200 μM for human ABCG2. Furthermore, the endogenous levels in plasma and milk of enterolactone in wild-type and Abcg2((-/-)) knockout female mice were analyzed. The milk/plasma ratio decreased significantly in the Abcg2((-/-)) phenotype, as compared with the wild-type mouse group (0.4 ± 0.1 as against 6.4 ± 2.6). This paper is the first to report that enterolactone is a transported substrate and therefore most probably a competitive inhibitor of ABCG2, which suggests it has a role in the interindividual variations in the disposition of enterolactone and its secretion into milk. The inhibitory activity identified provides a solid basis for further investigation in possible food-drug interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Miguel
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Physiology, Veterinary Faculty (V.M., A.I.A., J.A.O., G.M.) and Instituto de Desarrollo Ganadero y Sanidad Animal (J.A.O., G.M.), University of Leon, Leon, Spain; and Research Group on Quality, Safety, and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura, Murcia, Spain (R.G.-V., F.T.-B., J.C.E.)
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Dermauw W, Van Leeuwen T. The ABC gene family in arthropods: comparative genomics and role in insecticide transport and resistance. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2014; 45:89-110. [PMID: 24291285 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2013.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 371] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2013] [Revised: 11/06/2013] [Accepted: 11/06/2013] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
About a 100 years ago, the Drosophila white mutant marked the birth of Drosophila genetics. The white gene turned out to encode the first well studied ABC transporter in arthropods. The ABC gene family is now recognized as one of the largest transporter families in all kingdoms of life. The majority of ABC proteins function as primary-active transporters that bind and hydrolyze ATP while transporting a large diversity of substrates across lipid membranes. Although extremely well studied in vertebrates for their role in drug resistance, less is known about the role of this family in the transport of endogenous and exogenous substances in arthropods. The ABC families of five insect species, a crustacean and a chelicerate have been annotated in some detail. We conducted a thorough phylogenetic analysis of the seven arthropod and human ABC protein subfamilies, to infer orthologous relationships that might suggest conserved function. Most orthologous relationships were found in the ABCB half transporter, ABCD, ABCE and ABCF subfamilies, but specific expansions within species and lineages are frequently observed and discussed. We next surveyed the role of ABC transporters in the transport of xenobiotics/plant allelochemicals and their involvement in insecticide resistance. The involvement of ABC transporters in xenobiotic resistance in arthropods is historically not well documented, but an increasing number of studies using unbiased differential gene expression analysis now points to their importance. We give an overview of methods that can be used to link ABC transporters to resistance. ABC proteins have also recently been implicated in the mode of action and resistance to Bt toxins in Lepidoptera. Given the enormous interest in Bt toxicology in transgenic crops, such findings will provide an impetus to further reveal the role of ABC transporters in arthropods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wannes Dermauw
- Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Thomas Van Leeuwen
- Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium; Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Cuperus FJC, Claudel T, Gautherot J, Halilbasic E, Trauner M. The role of canalicular ABC transporters in cholestasis. Drug Metab Dispos 2014; 42:546-60. [PMID: 24474736 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.113.056358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholestasis, a hallmark feature of hepatobiliary disease, is characterized by the retention of biliary constituents. Some of these constituents, such as bile acids, inflict damage to hepatocytes and bile duct cells. This damage may lead to inflammation, fibrosis, cirrhosis, and eventually carcinogenesis, sequelae that aggravate the underlying disease and deteriorate clinical outcome. Canalicular ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, which mediate the excretion of individual bile constituents, play a key role in bile formation and cholestasis. The study of these transporters and their regulatory nuclear receptors has revolutionized our understanding of cholestatic disease. This knowledge has served as a template to develop novel treatment strategies, some of which are currently already undergoing phase III clinical trials. In this review we aim to provide an overview of the structure, function, and regulation of canalicular ABC transporters. In addition, we will focus on the role of these transporters in the pathogenesis and treatment of cholestatic bile duct and liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frans J C Cuperus
- Hans Popper Laboratory of Molecular Hepatology, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Vanakker OM, Hosen MJ, Paepe AD. The ABCC6 transporter: what lessons can be learnt from other ATP-binding cassette transporters? Front Genet 2013; 4:203. [PMID: 24137173 PMCID: PMC3797522 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2013.00203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2013] [Accepted: 09/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
ABC transporters represent a large family of ATP-driven transmembrane transporters involved in uni- or bidirectional transfer of a large variety of substrates. Divided in seven families, they represent 48 transporter proteins, several of which have been associated with human disease. Among the latter is ABCC6, a unidirectional exporter protein primarily expressed in liver and kidney. ABCC6 deficiency has been shown to cause the ectopic mineralization disorder pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE), characterized by calcification and fragmentation of elastic fibers, resulting in oculocutaneous and cardiovascular symptoms. Unique in the group of connective tissue disorders, the pathophysiological relation between the ABCC6 transporter and ectopic mineralization in PXE remains enigmatic, not in the least because of lack of knowledge on the substrate(s) of ABCC6 and its unusual expression pattern. Because many features, including structure and transport mechanism, are shared by many ABC transporters, it is worthwhile to evaluate if and to what extent the knowledge on the physiology and pathophysiology of these other transporters may provide useful clues toward understanding the (patho)physiological role of ABCC6 and how its deficiency may be dealt with.
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Kato K, Mori H, Kito T, Yokochi M, Ito S, Inoue K, Yonezawa A, Katsura T, Kumagai Y, Yuasa H, Moriyama Y, Inui KI, Kusuhara H, Sugiyama Y. Investigation of Endogenous Compounds for Assessing the Drug Interactions in the Urinary Excretion Involving Multidrug and Toxin Extrusion Proteins. Pharm Res 2013; 31:136-47. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-013-1144-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2013] [Accepted: 07/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Crouzet J, Roland J, Peeters E, Trombik T, Ducos E, Nader J, Boutry M. NtPDR1, a plasma membrane ABC transporter from Nicotiana tabacum, is involved in diterpene transport. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2013; 82:181-92. [PMID: 23564360 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-013-0053-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2012] [Accepted: 03/26/2013] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
ATP-binding cassette transporters are involved in the active transport of a wide variety of metabolites in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. One subfamily, the Pleiotropic Drug Resistance (PDR) transporters, or full-size ABCG transporters, are found only in fungi and plants. NtPDR1 was originally identified in Nicotiana tabacum suspension cells (BY2), in which its expression was induced by microbial elicitors. To obtain information on its expression in plants, we generated NtPDR1-specific antibodies and, using Western blotting, found that this transporter is localized in roots, leaves, and flowers and this was confirmed in transgenic plants expressing the ß-glucuronidase reporter gene fused to the NtPDR1 promoter region. Expression was seen in the lateral roots and in the long glandular trichomes of the leaves, stem, and flowers. Western blot analysis and in situ immunolocalization showed NtPDR1 to be localized in the plasma membrane. Induction of NtPDR1 expression by various compounds was tested in N. tabacum BY2 cells. Induction of expression was observed with the hormones methyl jasmonate and naphthalene acetic acid and diterpenes. Constitutive ectopic expression of NtPDR1 in N. tabacum BY2 cells resulted in increased resistance to several diterpenes. Transport tests directly demonstrated the ability of NtPDR1 to transport diterpenes. These data suggest that NtPDR1 is involved in plant defense through diterpene transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Crouzet
- Institut des Sciences de la Vie, Université catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud, 4-5, Box L7-04-14, 1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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Rasmussen MR, Sommerlund M, Moestrup SK. Is classical pseudoxanthoma elasticum a consequence of hepatic 'intoxication' due to ABCC6 substrate accumulation in the liver? Expert Rev Endocrinol Metab 2013; 8:37-46. [PMID: 30731651 DOI: 10.1586/eem.12.72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE) is a serious genetic disorder with ectopic mineralization affecting the skin, the eye and the cardiovascular system. The disease is predominantly caused by mutations in the transmembrane ABC protein ABCC6, a putative small substrate transporter. Interestingly, ABCC6 seems virtually absent in the affected organs, whereas a high expression is seen in hepatocytes. This and further published experimental evidence indicate that PXE is a systemic, metabolic liver disease where circulatory changes affect the peripheral mineralization process. Owing to the well-characterized transport of organic substrates by related ABC proteins, it has been proposed that PXE is caused by impaired export of an antimineralization compound to the blood. The authors here present an alternative hypothesis that explains ectopic mineralization in PXE as a consequence of hepatic accumulation of ABCC6 substrate(s) that via gene-regulating effects leads to altered hepatic secretion and activation of antimineralization/anticalcification proteins such as fetuin-A and Gla proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mie Rostved Rasmussen
- a Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Ole Worms Allé 3, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Mette Sommerlund
- b Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Aarhus University Hospital, P. P. Ørumsgade 11, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Søren Kragh Moestrup
- a Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Ole Worms Allé 3, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
- c Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aarhus University Hospital, Nørrebrogade 44, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
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In Vivo Characterization of Interactions on Transporters. TRANSPORTERS IN DRUG DEVELOPMENT 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-8229-1_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Le Saux O, Martin L, Aherrahrou Z, Leftheriotis G, Váradi A, Brampton CN. The molecular and physiological roles of ABCC6: more than meets the eye. Front Genet 2012; 3:289. [PMID: 23248644 PMCID: PMC3520154 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2012.00289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2012] [Accepted: 11/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal mineralization occurs in the context of several common conditions, including advanced age, diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, chronic renal failure, and certain genetic conditions. Metabolic, mechanical, infectious, and inflammatory injuries promote ectopic mineralization through overlapping yet distinct molecular mechanisms of initiation and progression. The ABCC6 protein is an ATP-dependent transporter primarily found in the plasma membrane of hepatocytes. ABCC6 exports unknown substrates from the liver presumably for systemic circulation. ABCC6 deficiency is the primary cause for chronic and acute forms of ectopic mineralization described in diseases such as pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE), β-thalassemia, and generalized arterial calcification of infancy (GACI) in humans and dystrophic cardiac calcification (DCC) in mice. These pathologies are characterized by mineralization of cardiovascular, ocular, and dermal tissues. PXE and to an extent GACI are caused by inactivating ABCC6 mutations, whereas the mineralization associated with β-thalassemia patients derives from a liver-specific change in ABCC6 expression. DCC is an acquired phenotype resulting from cardiovascular insults (ischemic injury or hyperlipidemia) and secondary to ABCC6 insufficiency. Abcc6-deficient mice develop ectopic calcifications similar to both the human PXE and mouse DCC phenotypes. The precise molecular and cellular mechanism linking deficient hepatic ABCC6 function to distal ectopic mineral deposition is not understood and has captured the attention of many research groups. Our previously published work along with that of others show that ABCC6 influences other modulators of calcification and that it plays a much greater physiological role than originally thought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Le Saux
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii Honolulu, HI, USA
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Zander SAL, Kersbergen A, Sol W, Gonggrijp M, van de Wetering K, Jonkers J, Borst P, Rottenberg S. Lack of ABCG2 shortens latency of BRCA1-deficient mammary tumors and this is not affected by genistein or resveratrol. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2012; 5:1053-60. [PMID: 22767648 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-12-0050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In addition to their role in drug resistance, the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters ABCG2 and ABCB1 have been suggested to protect cells from a broad range of substances that may foster tumorigenesis. Phytoestrogens or their metabolites are substrates of these transporters and the influence of these compounds on breast cancer development is controversial. Estrogen-like properties might accelerate tumorigenesis on the one hand, whereas their proposed health-protective properties might antagonize tumorigenesis on the other. To address this issue, we used a newer generation mouse model of BRCA1-mutated breast cancer and examined tumor latency in K14cre;Brca1(F/F); p53(F/F), Abcb1a/b(-/-);K14cre;Brca1(F/F); p53(F/F), or Abcg2(-/-);K14cre;Brca1(F/F); p53(F/F) animals, fed with genistein- or resveratrol-supplemented diets. Ovariectomized K14cre;Brca1(F/F); p53(F/F) animals were included to evaluate whether any estrogen-mimicking effects can restore mammary tumor development in the absence of endogenous estrogens. Compared with the ABC transporter proficient model, ABCG2-deficient animals showed a reduced median tumor latency of 17.5 days (P < 0.001), whereas no significant difference was observed for ABCB1-deficient animals. Neither genistein nor resveratrol altered this latency reduction in Abcg2(-/-);K14cre;Brca1(F/F); p53(F/F) animals. Ovariectomy resulted in nearly complete loss of mammary tumor development, which was not restored by genistein or resveratrol. Our results show that ABCG2 contributes to the protection of genetically instable epithelial cells against carcinogenesis. Diets containing high levels of genistein or resveratrol had no effect on mammary tumorigenesis, whether mice were lacking ABCG2 or not. Because genistein and resveratrol only delayed skin tumor development of ovariectomized animals, we conclude that these phytoestrogens are no effective modulators of mammary tumor development in our mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serge A L Zander
- Division of Molecular Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute (Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital), Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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van de Wetering K, Sapthu S. ABCG2 functions as a general phytoestrogen sulfate transporter in vivo. FASEB J 2012; 26:4014-24. [PMID: 22707564 DOI: 10.1096/fj.12-210039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
ABCG2 is an ATP-dependent efflux transporter that limits the systemic exposure of its substrates. The preferred substrates of ABCG2 in vivo are largely unknown. We aimed to identify the compounds transported by ABCG2 under physiological conditions. In vitro, ABCG2 transports several sulfate conjugates at high rates. We therefore used targeted metabolomics, specifically detecting compounds conjugated to sulfate, to search in plasma, urine, and bile samples of wild-type and Abcg2-/- mice for differentially present compounds, which are likely to represent in vivo ABCG2 substrates. Levels of many sulfate conjugates were up to 15-fold higher in plasma and urine of Abcg2-/- than of wild-type mice, with the opposite effect seen in bile. These differentially present compounds were identified as the sulfate conjugates of phytoestrogens, compounds with weak pro- or antiestrogenic properties. We confirmed that these sulfate conjugates were ABCG2 substrates using transportomics, a method that uses vesicular transport assays to screen for substrates of ABC transporters in body fluids. In conclusion, our results show that ABCG2 limits the systemic exposure to many different phytoestrogens, a class of compounds to which mammals are exposed on a daily basis via food of plant origin, by directing their sulfate conjugates for excretion via the feces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koen van de Wetering
- Division of Molecular Oncology (H5), Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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