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Rao AS, Nair A, Nivetha K, Ayesha B, Hardi K, Divya V, Veena SM, Anantharaju KS, More SS. Impacts of Omega-3 Fatty Acids, Natural Elixirs for Neuronal Health, on Brain Development and Functions. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2761:209-229. [PMID: 38427239 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3662-6_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Omega-3 fatty acids play a seminal role in maintaining the structural and functional integrity of the nervous system. These specialized molecules function as precursors for many lipid-based biological messengers. Also, studies suggest the role of these fatty acids in regulating healthy sleep cycles, cognitive ability, brain development, etc. Dietary intake of essential poly unsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are foundational to the optimal working of the nervous system. Besides regulating health, these biomolecules have great therapeutic value in treating several diseases, particularly nervous system diseases and disorders. Many recent studies conclusively demonstrated the beneficial effects of Omega-3 fatty acids in treating depression, neuropsychiatric disorders, neurodegenerative disorders, neurochemical disorders, and many other illnesses associated with the nervous system. This chapter summates the multifaceted role of poly unsaturated fatty acids, especially Omega-3 fatty acids (EPA and DHA), in the neuronal health and functioning. The importance of dietary intake of these essential fatty acids, their recommended dosages, bioavailability, the mechanism of their action, and therapeutic values are extensively discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana S Rao
- School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Dayananda Sagar University, Bangalore, India
| | - Ajay Nair
- School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Dayananda Sagar University, Bangalore, India
| | - K Nivetha
- School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Dayananda Sagar University, Bangalore, India
| | - Bibi Ayesha
- School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Dayananda Sagar University, Bangalore, India
| | - Kapadia Hardi
- School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Dayananda Sagar University, Bangalore, India
| | - Vora Divya
- School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Dayananda Sagar University, Bangalore, India
| | - S M Veena
- Department of Biotechnology, Sapthagiri College of Engineering, Bangalore, India
| | - K S Anantharaju
- Department of Chemistry, Dayananda Sagar College of Engineering, Bangalore, India
| | - Sunil S More
- School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Dayananda Sagar University, Bangalore, India
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Dover M, Madani M, Fiala M, Paul K. Analysis of Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells in Patients with Neurodegenerative Diseases. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2782:123-136. [PMID: 38622397 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3754-8_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
The role of immune system in the progression of neurodegenerative diseases has been studied for decades in animal models. However, invasive studies in human subjects remain controversial due to the heterogeneity of the presentation of different diagnostic categories at different stages of the disease. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) contain immune cells including dendritic cells (DCs), monocytes, macrophages, and T lymphocytes. Isolating PBMCs from whole blood samples collected from patients provides a minimally invasive method for analyzing the immune system's function in patients with neurodegenerative diseases. By isolating single cell types from patients' peripheral blood, in vitro analyses can be conducted including RNA sequencing, immunofluorescence, and phagocytic analysis. In this chapter, we discuss PBMC separation and isolation of macrophages in pure culture in vitro. We also outline methods for performing RNA-seq on cultured macrophages and other techniques for investigating the role of macrophages in neurodegenerative disease pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Dover
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Melika Madani
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Milan Fiala
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ketema Paul
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Zailani H, Satyanarayanan SK, Liao WC, Hsu YT, Huang SY, Gałecki P, Su KP, Chang JPC. Roles of Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Managing Cognitive Impairment in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Review. Nutrients 2023; 15:4363. [PMID: 37892438 PMCID: PMC10609799 DOI: 10.3390/nu15204363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) contributes significantly to the death of people worldwide, especially the elderly. An essential feature of COPD is pulmonary inflammation, which results from long-term exposure to noxious substances from cigarette smoking and other environmental pollutants. Pulmonary inflammatory mediators spill over to the blood, leading to systemic inflammation, which is believed to play a significant role in the onset of a host of comorbidities associated with COPD. A substantial comorbidity of concern in COPD patients that is often overlooked in COPD management is cognitive impairment. The exact pathophysiology of cognitive impairment in COPD patients remains a mystery; however, hypoxia, oxidative stress, systemic inflammation, and cerebral manifestations of these conditions are believed to play crucial roles. Furthermore, the use of medications to treat cognitive impairment symptomatology in COPD patients has been reported to be associated with life-threatening adverse effects, hence the need for alternative medications with reduced side effects. In this Review, we aim to discuss the impact of cognitive impairment in COPD management and the potential mechanisms associated with increased risk of cognitive impairment in COPD patients. The promising roles of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFAs) in improving cognitive deficits in COPD patients are also discussed. Interestingly, ω-3 PUFAs can potentially enhance the cognitive impairment symptomatology associated with COPD because they can modulate inflammatory processes, activate the antioxidant defence system, and promote amyloid-beta clearance from the brain. Thus, clinical studies are crucial to assess the efficacy of ω-3 PUFAs in managing cognitive impairment in COPD patients.
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Grants
- MOST 109-2320-B-038-057-MY3, 109-2320-B-039-066, 110-2321-B-006-004, 111-2321-B-006-008, 110-2811-B-039-507, 110-2320-B-039-048-MY2, and 110-2320-B-039-047-MY3, 110-2813-C-039-327-B, 110-2314-B-039-029-MY3, 111-2314-B-039-041-MY3 Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan
- ANHRF 109-31, 109-40, 110-13, 110-26, 110-44, 110-45, 111-27, and 111-28 An-Nan Hospital, China Medical University, Tainan, Taiwan
- CMRC-CMA-2 Higher Education Sprout Project by the Ministry of Education (MOE), Taiwan
- CMU 110-AWARD-02, CMU108-SR-106, CMU110-N-17, CMU110-SR-73 China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- CRS-108-048, DMR-105-053, DMR-109-102, DMR-109-244, DMR-HHC-109-11, DMR-HHC-109-12, DMR-HHC-110-10, DMR-110-124, DMR-111-245 and DMR-HHC-111-8 China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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Affiliation(s)
- Halliru Zailani
- Mind-Body Interface Laboratory (MBI-Lab), Department of Psychiatry, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404327, Taiwan; (H.Z.); (S.K.S.)
- Graduate Institute of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
- Department of Biochemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria 810106, Nigeria
| | - Senthil Kumaran Satyanarayanan
- Mind-Body Interface Laboratory (MBI-Lab), Department of Psychiatry, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404327, Taiwan; (H.Z.); (S.K.S.)
| | - Wei-Chih Liao
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404327, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ting Hsu
- Department of Neurology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404327, Taiwan;
| | - Shih-Yi Huang
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Nutrition Research Centre, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Piotr Gałecki
- Department of Adult Psychiatry, Medical University of Lodz, 91-229 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Kuan-Pin Su
- Mind-Body Interface Laboratory (MBI-Lab), Department of Psychiatry, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404327, Taiwan; (H.Z.); (S.K.S.)
- College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
- An-Nan Hospital, China Medical University, Tainan 717, Taiwan
| | - Jane Pei-Chen Chang
- Mind-Body Interface Laboratory (MBI-Lab), Department of Psychiatry, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404327, Taiwan; (H.Z.); (S.K.S.)
- College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
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Kagusa H, Yamaguchi I, Shono K, Mizobuchi Y, Shikata E, Matsuda T, Miyamoto T, Hara K, Kitazato KT, Uto Y, Kanematsu Y, Takagi Y. Differences in amyloid-β and tau/p-tau deposition in blood-injected mouse brains using micro-syringe to mimic traumatic brain microhemorrhages. J Chem Neuroanat 2023; 130:102258. [PMID: 36925083 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2023.102258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) due to traumatic brain injuries (TBI) have been shown to lead to cognitive decline and impairment. CMBs caused by TBI may be associated with pathophysiological mechanisms involving inflammation and the accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ), tau, and phosphorylated tau (p-tau), contributing to cognitive abnormalities. However, their relationships remain unclear. OBJECTIVES To test our hypothesis that Aβ, tau, and p-tau are accumulated and regulated separately in mice with injuries imitating CMBs from TBI, we studied. METHODS Seven-week-old C57BL/6 male mice were injected with 15 μL of heparinized autologous blood or saline by micro-syringe into the front lobe. Expression profiles and regulation of Aβ, tau, and p-tau were assessed immunohistochemically over time. RESULTS On day 7 after blood injection, Iba-1+ and S100B+ cells in damaged cortex adjacent to the injection site were higher than saline injection group and non-injected sham. On days 3-14, Aβ deposition were gradually increased but normalized by day 28. In contrast, tau/p-tau deposition gradually increased during days 14-28 and dispersed along the corticomedullary junction adjacent to hem deposits, indicating different expression profiles from Aβ. Deposits of Aβ, but not tau/p-tau, were phagocytosed by CD163+ macrophages increased by Gc-protein macrophage-activating factor during days 7-28, suggesting different mechanisms of deposition and regulation between Aβ and tau/p-tau. CONCLUSION Deposition and regulation differ between Aβ and tau/p-tau in mice with injuries mimicking CMBs from TBI. Further clarification of relationships between the pathologies of cognitive impairment and their neurodegenerative consequences is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Kagusa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan.
| | - Izumi Yamaguchi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Kenji Shono
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Mizobuchi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Eiji Shikata
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Taku Matsuda
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Takeshi Miyamoto
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Keijiro Hara
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Keiko T Kitazato
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Uto
- Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Science, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yasuhisa Kanematsu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yasushi Takagi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
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5
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Dover M, Moseley T, Biskaduros A, Paulchakrabarti M, Hwang SH, Hammock B, Choudhury B, Kaczor-Urbanowicz KE, Urbanowicz A, Morselli M, Dang J, Pellegrini M, Paul K, Bentolila LA, Fiala M. Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Mend Macrophage Transcriptome, Glycome, and Phenotype in the Patients with Neurodegenerative Diseases, Including Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 91:245-261. [PMID: 36373322 PMCID: PMC9881025 DOI: 10.3233/jad-220764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Macrophages of healthy subjects have a pro-resolution phenotype, upload amyloid-β (Aβ) into endosomes, and degrade Aβ, whereas macrophages of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) generally have a pro-inflammatory phenotype and lack energy for brain clearance of Aβ. OBJECTIVE To clarify the pathogenesis of sporadic AD and therapeutic effects of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) with vitamins B and D and antioxidants on monocyte/macrophage (MM) migration in the AD brain, MM transcripts in energy and Aβ degradation, MM glycome, and macrophage clearance of Aβ. METHODS We followed for 31.3 months (mean) ten PUFA-supplemented neurodegenerative patients: 3 with subjective cognitive impairment (SCI), 2 with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), 3 MCI/vascular cognitive impairment, 2 with dementia with Lewy bodies, and 7 non-supplemented caregivers. We examined: monocyte migration in the brain and a blood-brain barrier model by immunochemistry and electron microscopy; macrophage transcriptome by RNAseq; macrophage glycome by N-glycan profiling and LTQ-Orbitrap mass spectrometry; and macrophage phenotype and phagocytosis by immunofluorescence. RESULTS MM invade Aβ plaques, upload but do not degrade Aβ, and release Aβ into vessels, which develop cerebrovascular amyloid angiopathy (CAA); PUFA upregulate energy and Aβ degradation enzyme transcripts in macrophages; PUFA enhance sialylated N-glycans in macrophages; PUFA reduce oxidative stress and increase pro-resolution MM phenotype, mitochondrial membrane potential, and Aβ phagocytosis (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Macrophages of SCI, MCI, and AD patients have interrelated defects in the transcriptome, glycome, Aβ phagocytosis, and Aβ degradation. PUFA mend macrophage transcriptome, enrich glycome, enhance Aβ clearance, and benefit the cognition of early-stage AD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Dover
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, UCLA School of Life Sciences, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Integrated Biology and Physiology, UCLA School of Life Sciences, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Taylor Moseley
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, UCLA School of Life Sciences, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Adrienne Biskaduros
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, UCLA School of Life Sciences, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Sung Hee Hwang
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, and UCDavis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California – Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Bruce Hammock
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, and UCDavis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California – Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Biswa Choudhury
- GlycoAnalytics Core, University of California SanDiego Health Sciences, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Andrzej Urbanowicz
- Institute of Control and Computation Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marco Morselli
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, UCLA School of Life Sciences, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Johnny Dang
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, UCLA School of Life Sciences, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Matteo Pellegrini
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, UCLA School of Life Sciences, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ketema Paul
- Department of Integrated Biology and Physiology, UCLA School of Life Sciences, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Laurent A. Bentolila
- Advanced Light Microscopy and Spectroscopy Laboratory, California Nano Systems Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Milan Fiala
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, UCLA School of Life Sciences, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Integrated Biology and Physiology, UCLA School of Life Sciences, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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6
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Morselli M, Farrell C, Montoya D, Gören T, Sabırlı R, Türkçüer İ, Kurt Ö, Köseler A, Pellegrini M. DNA methylation profiles in pneumonia patients reflect changes in cell types and pneumonia severity. Epigenetics 2022; 17:1646-1660. [PMID: 35311624 PMCID: PMC9621067 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2022.2051862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune cell-type composition changes with age, potentially weakening the response to infectious diseases. Profiling epigenetics marks of immune cells can help us understand the relationship with disease severity. We therefore leveraged a targeted DNA methylation method to study the differences in a cohort of pneumonia patients (both COVID-19 positive and negative) and unaffected individuals from peripheral blood.This approach allowed us to predict the pneumonia diagnosis with high accuracy (AUC = 0.92), and the PCR positivity to the SARS-CoV-2 viral genome with moderate, albeit lower, accuracy (AUC = 0.77). We were also able to predict the severity of pneumonia (PORT score) with an R2 = 0.69. By estimating immune cellular frequency from DNA methylation data, patients under the age of 65 positive to the SARS-CoV-2 genome (as revealed by PCR) showed an increase in T cells, and specifically in CD8+ cells, compared to the negative control group. Conversely, we observed a decreased frequency of neutrophils in the positive compared to the negative group. No significant difference was found in patients over the age of 65. The results suggest that this DNA methylation-based approach can be used as a cost-effective and clinically useful biomarker platform for predicting pneumonias and their severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Morselli
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, Institute for Genomics and Proteomics; University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- CONTACT Marco Morselli Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, Institute for Genomics and Proteomics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Colin Farrell
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Dennis Montoya
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Tarık Gören
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Pamukkale University Faculty of Medicine, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Ramazan Sabırlı
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Bakircay University School of Medicine, Cigli Training and Research Hospital, İzmir, Turkey
| | - İbrahim Türkçüer
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Pamukkale University Faculty of Medicine, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Özgür Kurt
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Aylin Köseler
- Department of Biophysics, Pamukkale University Faculty of Medicine, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Matteo Pellegrini
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, Institute for Genomics and Proteomics; University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Effects of different ratios of omega-6:omega-3 fatty acids in the diet of sows on the proteome of milk-derived extracellular vesicles. J Proteomics 2022; 264:104632. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2022.104632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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8
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Ordóñez-Gutiérrez L, Fábrias G, Casas J, Wandosell F. Diets with Higher ω-6/ω-3 Ratios Show Differences in Ceramides and Fatty Acid Levels Accompanied by Increased Amyloid-Beta in the Brains of Male APP/PS1 Transgenic Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222010907. [PMID: 34681567 PMCID: PMC8535881 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222010907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Senile plaque formation as a consequence of amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) aggregation constitutes one of the main hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD). This pathology is characterized by synaptic alterations and cognitive impairment. In order to either prevent or revert it, different therapeutic approaches have been proposed, and some of them are focused on diet modification. Modification of the ω-6/ω-3 fatty acids (FA) ratio in diets has been proven to affect Aβ production and senile plaque formation in the hippocampus and cortex of female transgenic (TG) mice. In these diets, linoleic acid is the main contribution of ω-6 FA, whereas alpha-linoleic acid (ALA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) are the contributors of ω-3 FA. In the present work, we have explored the effect of ω-6/ω-3 ratio modifications in the diets of male double-transgenic APPswe/PS1ΔE9 (AD model) and wild-type mice (WT). Amyloid burden in the hippocampus increased in parallel with the increase in dietary ω-6/ω-3 ratio in TG male mice. In addition, there was a modification in the brain lipid profile proportional to the ω-6/ω-3 ratio of the diet. In particular, the higher the ω-6/ω-3 ratio, the lower the ceramides and higher the FAs, particularly docosatetraenoic acid. Modifications to the cortex lipid profile was mostly similar between TG and WT mice, except for gangliosides (higher levels in TG mice) and some ceramide species (lower levels in TG mice).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Ordóñez-Gutiérrez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28049 Madrid, Spain;
- Centro de Biología Molecular “Severo Ochoa” (CSIC-UAM), 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Gemma Fábrias
- Instituto de Química Avanzada de Cataluña (IQAC-CSIC), 080034 Barcelona, Spain; (G.F.); (J.C.)
| | - Josefina Casas
- Instituto de Química Avanzada de Cataluña (IQAC-CSIC), 080034 Barcelona, Spain; (G.F.); (J.C.)
| | - Francisco Wandosell
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28049 Madrid, Spain;
- Centro de Biología Molecular “Severo Ochoa” (CSIC-UAM), 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-91-196-4561
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9
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Businaro R, Vauzour D, Sarris J, Münch G, Gyengesi E, Brogelli L, Zuzarte P. Therapeutic Opportunities for Food Supplements in Neurodegenerative Disease and Depression. Front Nutr 2021; 8:669846. [PMID: 34055858 PMCID: PMC8160227 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.669846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence is showing nutrition as a crucial factor in the high prevalence and incidence of neurodegenerative mental disorders. Preventive interventions on neuroinflammation seem to be able to interfere with neurodegeneration. Supplementation of essential nutrients, such as long-chain-polyunsaturated fatty acids, vitamin E and mineral elements, may minimize inflammation, enhancing antioxidative defense, and lowering the risk and incidence of age-related diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases and neurodegenerative diseases. This manuscript reviews the current evidence on the role of neuroinflammation in the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative and mental disorders, and preventive strategies for food supplementation in these neuropsychiatric diseases. Dietary supplementation-based strategies have been demonstrated to be effective in subjects with mild cognitive impairment, while weaker results have been obtained in patients with advance neurodegenerative disease. Adjunctive supplementation has also been demonstrated to improve depression, this being of marked benefit considering the comorbidity between cognitive impairment/dementia and depression. Further research is needed to improve the prescriptive precision of supplementation in patients, and to better understand potential interactions with clinical and pharmacokinetic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Businaro
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - David Vauzour
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Jerome Sarris
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Westmead, NSW, Australia.,Professorial Unit, The Melbourne Clinic, Department of Psychiatry, Melbourne University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Gerald Münch
- Pharmacology Unit, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia
| | - Erika Gyengesi
- Pharmacology Unit, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Pedro Zuzarte
- Psychiatric Clinic, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal.,Neuropsychiatry Research Department, GNR Clinical Center, Lisbon, Portugal
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10
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Kou J, Wang M, Shi J, Zhang H, Pu X, Song S, Yang C, Yan Y, Döring Y, Xie X, Pang X. Curcumin Reduces Cognitive Deficits by Inhibiting Neuroinflammation through the Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Pathway in Apolipoprotein E4 Transgenic Mice. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:6654-6662. [PMID: 33748578 PMCID: PMC7970496 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c04810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Apolipoprotein E4 (ApoE4) is the main genetic risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD), but the exact way in which it causes AD remains unclear. Curcumin is considered to have good therapeutic potential for AD, but its mechanism has not been clarified. This study aims to observe the effect of curcumin on ApoE4 transgenic mice and explore its possible molecular mechanism. Eight-month-old ApoE4 transgenic mice were intraperitoneally injected with curcumin for 3 weeks, and the Morris water maze test was used to evaluate the cognitive ability of the mice. Immunofluorescence staining, immunohistochemistry, western blotting, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were used to examine the brain tissues of the mice. Curcumin reduced the high expression of ApoE4 and the excessive release of inflammatory factors in ApoE4 mice. In particular, the expression of marker proteins of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress was significantly increased in ApoE4 mice, while curcumin significantly reduced the increase in the expression of these proteins. Collectively, curcumin alleviates neuroinflammation in the brains of ApoE4 mice by inhibiting ER stress, thus improving the learning and cognitive ability of transgenic mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiejian Kou
- School
of Pharmacy, Henan University, North Section of Jinming Avenue, Kaifeng 475004, Henan, China
| | - Minghui Wang
- School
of Pharmacy, Henan University, North Section of Jinming Avenue, Kaifeng 475004, Henan, China
| | - Junzhuo Shi
- School
of Pharmacy, Henan University, North Section of Jinming Avenue, Kaifeng 475004, Henan, China
| | - Haiyu Zhang
- School
of Pharmacy, Henan University, North Section of Jinming Avenue, Kaifeng 475004, Henan, China
| | - Xiaohui Pu
- School
of Pharmacy, Henan University, North Section of Jinming Avenue, Kaifeng 475004, Henan, China
| | - Shiyong Song
- School
of Pharmacy, Henan University, North Section of Jinming Avenue, Kaifeng 475004, Henan, China
| | - Cuiling Yang
- State
Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Henan University, North Section of Jinming Avenue, Kaifeng 475004, Henan, China
| | - Yi Yan
- Institute
for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-University
Munich, Munich 80331, Germany
- DZHK
(German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart
Alliance, Munich 80336, Germany
| | - Yvonne Döring
- Institute
for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-University
Munich, Munich 80331, Germany
- DZHK
(German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart
Alliance, Munich 80336, Germany
- Department
of Angiology, Swiss Cardiovascular Center, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern 3010, Switzerland
| | - Xinmei Xie
- School
of Pharmacy, Henan University, North Section of Jinming Avenue, Kaifeng 475004, Henan, China
| | - Xiaobin Pang
- School
of Pharmacy, Henan University, North Section of Jinming Avenue, Kaifeng 475004, Henan, China
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11
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Rubio T, Felipo V, Tarazona S, Pastorelli R, Escudero-García D, Tosca J, Urios A, Conesa A, Montoliu C. Multi-omic analysis unveils biological pathways in peripheral immune system associated to minimal hepatic encephalopathy appearance in cirrhotic patients. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1907. [PMID: 33479266 PMCID: PMC7820002 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80941-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with liver cirrhosis may develop minimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE) which affects their quality of life and life span. It has been proposed that a shift in peripheral inflammation triggers the appearance of MHE. However, the mechanisms involved in this immune system shift remain unknown. In this work we studied the broad molecular changes involved in the induction of MHE with the goal of identifying (1) altered genes and pathways in peripheral blood cells associated to the appearance of MHE, (2) serum metabolites and cytokines with modified levels in MHE patients and (3) MHE-regulated immune response processes related to changes in specific serum molecules. We adopted a multi-omic approach to profile the transcriptome, metabolome and a panel of cytokines of blood samples taken from cirrhotic patients with or without MHE. Transcriptomic analysis supports the hypothesis of alternations in the Th1/Th2 and Th17 lymphocytes cell populations as major drivers of MHE. Cluster analysis of serum molecules resulted in six groups of chemically similar compounds, suggesting that functional modules operate during the induction of MHE. Finally, the multi-omic integrative analysis suggested a relationship between cytokines CCL20, CX3CL1, CXCL13, IL-15, IL-22 and IL-6 with alteration in chemotaxis, as well as a link between long-chain unsaturated phospholipids and the increased fatty acid transport and prostaglandin production. We found altered immune pathways that may collectively contribute to the mild cognitive impairment phenotype in MHE. Our approach is able to combine extracellular and intracellular information, opening new insights to the understanding of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Rubio
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Centro Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Vicente Felipo
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Centro Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Sonia Tarazona
- Departamento de Estadística e Investigación Operativa Aplicadas y Calidad, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Roberta Pastorelli
- Protein and Metabolite Biomarkers Unit, Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Desamparados Escudero-García
- Unidad de Digestivo, Hospital Clínico de Valencia, Departamento Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Joan Tosca
- Unidad de Digestivo, Hospital Clínico de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Amparo Urios
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Centro Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain
- Neurological Impairment Laboratory, Fundación Investigación Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ana Conesa
- Microbiology and Cell Science Department, Institute for Food and Agricultural Sciences, Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA.
| | - Carmina Montoliu
- Neurological Impairment Laboratory, Fundación Investigación Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
- Departamento de Patología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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12
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Chitre NM, Moniri NH, Murnane KS. Omega-3 Fatty Acids as Druggable Therapeutics for Neurodegenerative Disorders. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS-DRUG TARGETS 2020; 18:735-749. [PMID: 31724519 DOI: 10.2174/1871527318666191114093749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 09/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders are commonly associated with a complex pattern of pathophysiological hallmarks, including increased oxidative stress and neuroinflammation, which makes their treatment challenging. Omega-3 Fatty Acids (O3FA) are natural products with reported neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects. These effects have been attributed to their incorporation into neuronal membranes or through the activation of intracellular or recently discovered cell-surface receptors (i.e., Free-Fatty Acid Receptors; FFAR). Molecular docking studies have investigated the roles of O3FA as agonists of FFAR and have led to the development of receptor-specific targeted agonists for therapeutic purposes. Moreover, novel formulation strategies for targeted delivery of O3FA to the brain have supported their development as therapeutics for neurodegenerative disorders. Despite the compelling evidence of the beneficial effects of O3FA for several neuroprotective functions, they are currently only available as unregulated dietary supplements, with only a single FDA-approved prescription product, indicated for triglyceride reduction. This review highlights the relative safety and efficacy of O3FA, their drug-like properties, and their capacity to be formulated in clinically viable drug delivery systems. Interestingly, the presence of cardiac conditions such as hypertriglyceridemia is associated with brain pathophysiological hallmarks of neurodegeneration, such as neuroinflammation, thereby further suggesting potential therapeutic roles of O3FA for neurodegenerative disorders. Taken together, this review article summarizes and integrates the compelling evidence regarding the feasibility of developing O3FA and their synthetic derivatives as potential drugs for neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha M Chitre
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Mercer University Health Sciences Center, Mercer University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Nader H Moniri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Mercer University Health Sciences Center, Mercer University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Kevin S Murnane
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Mercer University Health Sciences Center, Mercer University, Atlanta, GA, United States
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13
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Lau YCC, Ding JA, Simental A, Mirzoyan H, Lee W, Diamante G, Cely I, Tran M, Morselli M, Dang J, Kaczor-Urbanowicz KE, Sayre J, Stiles L, Yang X, Pellegrini M, Fiala M. Omega-3 fatty acids increase OXPHOS energy for immune therapy of Alzheimer disease patients. FASEB J 2020; 34:9982-9994. [PMID: 32614485 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202000669rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Sporadic late-onset Alzheimer disease (LOAD) preceded by mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is the most common type of dementia. Long-term studies of immunity to pathogenic amyloid-β (Aβ) in LOAD are lacking. Innate immunity of LOAD patients is malfunctioning in phagocytosis and degradation of Aβ and LOAD patients' macrophage transcriptome and metabolome are deregulated. We previously showed omega-3 fatty acid (ω-3)-mediated repair of unfolded protein response and here we show much broader transcriptomic effects. ω-3 treatment in vitro and ω-3 supplementation by the drink Smartfish (SMF) in vivo increased the transcripts of the genes and pathways of immunity, glycolysis, tricarboxylic acid cycle, OX-PHOS, nicotinamide dinucleotide (NAD+ ) synthesis, and reversed the defects in Aβ phagocytosis. In both peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and macrophages, ω-3 increased ATP-linked oxygen consumption rate (OCR) and ω-3 with carnitine was superior to ω-3. ω-3 treatment in vitro and supplementation by the ω-3 drink SMF in vivo rescued macrophage phagocytosis when glycolysis or glycosylation were blocked. ω-3 provide flexible energy for immune clearance of the brain throughout the diurnal cycle, even in hypo- or hyper-glycemia. In certain LOAD patients, ω-3 may delay progression to dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yik Chai Charles Lau
- Division of Oral Biology and Oral Medicine, UCLA School of Dentistry and Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, UCLA School of Life Sciences, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jessica Aliyah Ding
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Aracely Simental
- Division of Oral Biology and Oral Medicine, UCLA School of Dentistry and Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, UCLA School of Life Sciences, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Hayk Mirzoyan
- Division of Oral Biology and Oral Medicine, UCLA School of Dentistry and Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, UCLA School of Life Sciences, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - William Lee
- Division of Oral Biology and Oral Medicine, UCLA School of Dentistry and Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, UCLA School of Life Sciences, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Graciel Diamante
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ingrid Cely
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Michelle Tran
- Division of Oral Biology and Oral Medicine, UCLA School of Dentistry and Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, UCLA School of Life Sciences, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Marco Morselli
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, UCLA School of Life Sciences, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Johnny Dang
- Division of Oral Biology and Oral Medicine, UCLA School of Dentistry and Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, UCLA School of Life Sciences, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Karolina Elżbieta Kaczor-Urbanowicz
- Division of Oral Biology and Oral Medicine, UCLA School of Dentistry and Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Institute for Quantitative and Computational Biosciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - James Sayre
- UCLA School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Linsey Stiles
- Mitochondrial and Metabolism Core, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Xia Yang
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Institute for Quantitative and Computational Biosciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Matteo Pellegrini
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, UCLA School of Life Sciences, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Milan Fiala
- Division of Oral Biology and Oral Medicine, UCLA School of Dentistry and Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, UCLA School of Life Sciences, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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14
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Giacobbe J, Benoiton B, Zunszain P, Pariante CM, Borsini A. The Anti-Inflammatory Role of Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Metabolites in Pre-Clinical Models of Psychiatric, Neurodegenerative, and Neurological Disorders. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:122. [PMID: 32180741 PMCID: PMC7059745 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation has been identified as one of the main pathophysiological mechanisms underlying neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders. Despite the role of inflammation in those conditions, there is still a lack of effective anti-inflammatory therapeutic strategies. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) can reduce depressive symptoms and exert anti-inflammatory action putatively by the production of distinct n-3 PUFA-derived metabolites, such as resolvins D (RvD) and E (RvE) series, maresins (MaR) and protectins (PD), which are collectively named specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) and act as strong anti-inflammatory agents. In this review we summarize evidence showing the effects of treatment with those metabolites in pre-clinical models of psychiatric, neurodegenerative and neurological disorders. A total of 25 pre-clinical studies were identified using the PubMed database. Overall, RvD and RvE treatment improved depressive-like behaviors, whereas protectins and maresins ameliorated neurological function. On a cellular level, RvDs increased serotonin levels in a model of depression, and decreased gliosis in neurodegenerative disorders. Protectins prevented neurite and dendrite retraction and apoptosis in models of neurodegeneration, while maresins reduced cell death across all studies. In terms of mechanisms, all SPMs down-regulated pro-inflammatory cytokines. Resolvins activated mTOR and MAP/ERK signaling in models of depression, while resolvins and maresins activated the NF-κB pathway in models of neurodegeneration and neurological disorders. Our review indicates a potential promising approach for tailored therapy with n-3 PUFAs-derived metabolites in the treatment of psychiatric, neurodegenerative, and neurological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliette Giacobbe
- Stress, Psychiatry and Immunology Laboratory, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Bonnie Benoiton
- Guy's King's and St. Thomas' School of Life Science and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Patricia Zunszain
- Stress, Psychiatry and Immunology Laboratory, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Carmine M. Pariante
- Stress, Psychiatry and Immunology Laboratory, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alessandra Borsini
- Stress, Psychiatry and Immunology Laboratory, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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15
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Fiala M, Lau YCC, Aghajani A, Bhargava S, Aminpour E, Kaczor-Urbanowicz KE, Mirzoyan H, Nichols I, Ko MW, Morselli M, Santana J, Dang J, Sayre J, Paul K, Pellegrini M. Omega-3 Fatty Acids Increase Amyloid-β Immunity, Energy, and Circadian Rhythm for Cognitive Protection of Alzheimer's Disease Patients Beyond Cholinesterase Inhibitors. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 75:993-1002. [PMID: 32390637 DOI: 10.3233/jad-200252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cholinesterase inhibitor therapeutics (CI) approved for use in Alzheimer's disease (AD) are palliative for a limited time. OBJECTIVE To examine the outcome of AD patients with add-on therapy of the omega-3 fatty acid drink Smartfish. METHODS We performed a prospective study using Mini-Mental State Examination, amyloid-β (Aβ) phagocytosis blood assay, and RNA-seq of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in 28 neurodegenerative patients who had failed their therapies, including 8 subjective cognitive impairment (SCI), 8 mild cognitive impairment (MCI), 2 AD dementia, 1 frontotemporal dementia (FTD), 2 vascular cognitive impairment, and 3 dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) patients. RESULTS MCI, FTD, and DLB patients patients volunteered for the addition of a ω-3 fatty acid drink Smartfish protected by anti-oxidants to failing CI therapy. On this therapy, all MCI patients improved in the first year energy transcripts, Aβ phagocytosis, cognition, and activities of daily living; in the long term, they remained in MCI status two to 4.5 years. All FTD and DLB patients rapidly progressed to dementia. On in vivo or in vitroω-3 treatments, peripheral blood mononuclear cells of MCI patients upregulated energy enzymes for glycolysis and citric acid cycle, as well as the anti-inflammatory circadian genes CLOCK and ARNTL2. CONCLUSION Add-on ω-3 therapy to CI may delay dementia in certain patients who had failed single CI therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milan Fiala
- Division of Oral Biology and Oral Medicine, UCLA School of Dentistry and Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, UCLA School of Life Sciences, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yik Chai Charles Lau
- Division of Oral Biology and Oral Medicine, UCLA School of Dentistry and Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, UCLA School of Life Sciences, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Anthony Aghajani
- Division of Oral Biology and Oral Medicine, UCLA School of Dentistry and Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, UCLA School of Life Sciences, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sneha Bhargava
- Division of Oral Biology and Oral Medicine, UCLA School of Dentistry and Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, UCLA School of Life Sciences, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Eli Aminpour
- Division of Oral Biology and Oral Medicine, UCLA School of Dentistry and Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, UCLA School of Life Sciences, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Karolina Elżbieta Kaczor-Urbanowicz
- Division of Oral Biology and Oral Medicine, UCLA School of Dentistry and Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- UCLA Institute for Quantitative and Computational Biosciences, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Hayk Mirzoyan
- Division of Oral Biology and Oral Medicine, UCLA School of Dentistry and Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, UCLA School of Life Sciences, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - India Nichols
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, UCLA School of Life Sciences, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Meng-Wei Ko
- Division of Oral Biology and Oral Medicine, UCLA School of Dentistry and Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Marco Morselli
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, UCLA School of Life Sciences, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Joslyn Santana
- Division of Oral Biology and Oral Medicine, UCLA School of Dentistry and Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, UCLA School of Life Sciences, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Johnny Dang
- Division of Oral Biology and Oral Medicine, UCLA School of Dentistry and Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, UCLA School of Life Sciences, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - James Sayre
- UCLA School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ketema Paul
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, UCLA School of Life Sciences, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Matteo Pellegrini
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, UCLA School of Life Sciences, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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16
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Fiala M, Restrepo L, Pellegrini M. Immunotherapy of Mild Cognitive Impairment by ω-3 Supplementation: Why Are Amyloid-β Antibodies and ω-3 Not Working in Clinical Trials? J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 62:1013-1022. [PMID: 29103035 PMCID: PMC5870008 DOI: 10.3233/jad-170579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This article reviews the basic tenets of a clinical approach to effective immunotherapy of Alzheimer's disease (AD) in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Although one randomized controlled study in early MCI patients by fish-derived omega-3 fatty acids (ω-3) showed slowing of disease progression, large clinical trials with different products have failed to show cognitive effects. Macrophages of healthy subjects phagocytize and degrade amyloid-β1 - 42 (Aβ) in the brain tissues, whereas macrophages of patients with AD and MCI are functionally defective. ω-3 and ω-3-derived specialized proresolving mediators (SPMs), such as resolvin D1, have powerful biochemical and immunological effects, which may repair the functions of MCI patients' macrophages in the brain's clearance of Aβ. Unfortunately, ω-3 products on the market have a variable quality. Nutritional supplementation with a combination drink called Smartfish with an emulsion of ω-3 and other fatty acids, antioxidants, 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D3, and resveratrol improved the innate immune system of MCI patients by modulation of macrophage type to the pro-phagocytic M1-M2 type with an effective unfolded protein response against endoplasmic reticulum stress. Some MCI patients maintained their initial cognitive status for three years on Smartfish supplementation. Future randomized clinical trials should investigate the immune effects of ω-3, 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D3, and SPMs on macrophage type, function, and biochemistry in parallel with cognitive effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milan Fiala
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, UCLA Life Sciences, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lucas Restrepo
- Department of Neurology, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Matteo Pellegrini
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, UCLA Life Sciences, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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17
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Sharman MJ, Verdile G, Kirubakaran S, Parenti C, Singh A, Watt G, Karl T, Chang D, Li CG, Münch G. Targeting Inflammatory Pathways in Alzheimer's Disease: A Focus on Natural Products and Phytomedicines. CNS Drugs 2019; 33:457-480. [PMID: 30900203 DOI: 10.1007/s40263-019-00619-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Studies of the brains of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients have revealed key neuropathological features, such as the deposition of aggregates of insoluble amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). These pathological protein deposits, including Aβ peptides (which form senile plaques) and hyperphosphorylated tau (which aggregates into NFTs), have been assumed to be 'the cause of AD'. Aβ has been extensively targeted to develop an effective disease-modifying therapy, but with limited clinical success. Emerging therapies are also now targeting further pathological processes in AD, including neuroinflammation. This review focuses on the inflammatory and oxidative stress-related changes that occur in AD, and discusses some emerging anti-inflammatory natural products and phytomedicines. Many of the promising compounds are cytokine-suppressive anti-inflammatory drugs (CSAIDs), which target the proinflammatory AP1 and nuclear factor-κB signalling pathways and inhibit the expression of many proinflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, tumour necrosis factor-α, or nitric oxide produced by inducible nitric oxide synthase. However, many of these phytomedicines have not been tested in rigorous clinical trials in AD patients. It is not yet clear if the active compounds reach an effective concentration in the brain (due to limited bioavailability) or if they can slow down AD progression in long-term trials. The authors suggest that it is crucial for both the pharmacological and complementary medicine industries to conduct and fund those studies to significantly advance the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Sharman
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Locked Bag 1322, Launceston, TAS, 7250, Australia
| | - Giuseppe Verdile
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, 6102, Australia
| | - Shanmugam Kirubakaran
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, 2560, Australia
| | - Cristina Parenti
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, 2560, Australia
| | - Ahilya Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, 2560, Australia
| | - Georgina Watt
- Department of Behavioural Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, 2560, Australia
| | - Tim Karl
- Department of Behavioural Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, 2560, Australia
| | - Dennis Chang
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, 2560, Australia.,School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, 2560, Australia
| | - Chun Guang Li
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, 2560, Australia
| | - Gerald Münch
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, 2560, Australia. .,NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, 2560, Australia. .,Pharmacology Unit, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia.
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18
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Abstract
AbstractIn recent decades, clinical trials in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) have failed at an unprecedented rate. The etiology of AD has since come under renewed scrutiny, both to elucidate the underlying pathologies and to identify novel therapeutic strategies. Here, diet has emerged as a potential causative/protective agent. A variety of nutrients, including lipids, minerals, vitamins, antioxidants and sugars as well as broader dietary patterns and microbiotal interactions have demonstrated associations with AD. Although clinical trials have yet to definitively implicate any singular dietary element as therapeutic or causative, it is apparent that dietary preferences, likely in complex synergies, may influence the risk, onset and course of AD. This review catalogs the impact of major dietary elements on AD. It further examines an unexplored reciprocal association where AD may modulate diet, as well as how potential therapeutics may complicate these interactions. In doing so, we observe diet may have profound effects on the outcome of a clinical trial, either as a confounder of a drug/disease interaction or as a generally disruptive covariate. We therefore conclude that future clinical trials in AD should endeavor to control for diet, either in study design or subsequent analyses.
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19
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Shirooie S, Nabavi SF, Dehpour AR, Belwal T, Habtemariam S, Argüelles S, Sureda A, Daglia M, Tomczyk M, Sobarzo-Sanchez E, Xu S, Nabavi SM. Targeting mTORs by omega-3 fatty acids: A possible novel therapeutic strategy for neurodegeneration? Pharmacol Res 2018; 135:37-48. [PMID: 29990625 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2018.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) such as Parkinson's (PD), Alzheimer's (AD), Huntington's disease (HD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) cause significant world-wide morbidity and mortality. To date, there is no drug of cure for these, mostly age-related diseases, although approaches in delaying the pathology and/or giving patients some symptomatic relief have been adopted for the last few decades. Various studies in recent years have shown the beneficial effects of omega-3 poly unsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) through diverse mechanisms including anti-inflammatory effects. This review now assesses the potential of this class of compounds in NDs therapy through specific action against the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway. The role of mTOR in neurodegenerative diseases and targeted therapies by PUFAs are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Shirooie
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Seyed Fazel Nabavi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran; Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14359-16471, Iran
| | - Ahmad R Dehpour
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tarun Belwal
- G.B. Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment and Sustainable Development, Kosi Katarmal, Almora, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Solomon Habtemariam
- Pharmacognosy Research Laboratories & Herbal Analysis Services UK, University of Greenwich, Chatham-Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, UK
| | - Sandro Argüelles
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Antoni Sureda
- Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress (NUCOX) and CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition CB12/03/30038), University of Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca E-07122, Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - Maria Daglia
- Department of Drug Sciences, Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Technology Section, University of Pavia, Italy
| | - Michał Tomczyk
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Białystok, ul. Mickiewicza 2a, 15-230 Białystok, Poland
| | - Eduardo Sobarzo-Sanchez
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Spain; Instituto de Investigación en Innovación en Salud, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Central de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Suowen Xu
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14623, United States
| | - Seyed Mohammad Nabavi
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14359-16471, Iran.
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