1
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Rivera-Hernandez T, Carnathan DG, Richter J, Marchant P, Cork AJ, Elangovan G, Henningham A, Cole JN, Choudhury B, Moyle PM, Toth I, Batzloff MR, Good MF, Agarwal P, Kapoor N, Nizet V, Silvestri G, Walker MJ. Efficacy of Alum-Adjuvanted Peptide and Carbohydrate Conjugate Vaccine Candidates against Group A Streptococcus Pharyngeal Infection in a Non-Human Primate Model. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:382. [PMID: 38675764 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12040382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Vaccine development against group A Streptococcus (GAS) has gained traction in the last decade, fuelled by recognition of the significant worldwide burden of the disease. Several vaccine candidates are currently being evaluated in preclinical and early clinical studies. Here, we investigate two conjugate vaccine candidates that have shown promise in mouse models of infection. Two antigens, the J8 peptide from the conserved C-terminal end of the M protein, and the group A carbohydrate lacking N-acetylglucosamine side chain (ΔGAC) were each conjugated to arginine deiminase (ADI), an anchorless surface protein from GAS. Both conjugate vaccine candidates combined with alum adjuvant were tested in a non-human primate (NHP) model of pharyngeal infection. High antibody titres were detected against J8 and ADI antigens, while high background antibody titres in NHP sera hindered accurate quantification of ΔGAC-specific antibodies. The severity of pharyngitis and tonsillitis signs, as well as the level of GAS colonisation, showed no significant differences in NHPs immunised with either conjugate vaccine candidate compared to NHPs in the negative control group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Rivera-Hernandez
- Consejo Nacional de Humanidades Ciencia y Tecnología, Unidad de Investigación Médica en Inmunoquímica, Hospital de Especialidades del Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City 06720, Mexico
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Diane G Carnathan
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Johanna Richter
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | | | - Amanda J Cork
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Gayathiri Elangovan
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Anna Henningham
- Division of Ob/Gyn & Reproductive Sciences, Vc-Health Sciences-Schools, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Jason N Cole
- Division of Ob/Gyn & Reproductive Sciences, Vc-Health Sciences-Schools, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Biswa Choudhury
- Division of Ob/Gyn & Reproductive Sciences, Vc-Health Sciences-Schools, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Peter M Moyle
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Istvan Toth
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Michael R Batzloff
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Michael F Good
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia
| | | | | | - Victor Nizet
- Division of Ob/Gyn & Reproductive Sciences, Vc-Health Sciences-Schools, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Guido Silvestri
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Mark J Walker
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
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2
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Li H, Peralta AG, Schoffelen S, Hansen AH, Arnsdorf J, Schinn SM, Skidmore J, Choudhury B, Paulchakrabarti M, Voldborg BG, Chiang AW, Lewis NE. LeGenD: determining N-glycoprofiles using an explainable AI-leveraged model with lectin profiling. bioRxiv 2024:2024.03.27.587044. [PMID: 38585977 PMCID: PMC10996628 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.27.587044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Glycosylation affects many vital functions of organisms. Therefore, its surveillance is critical from basic science to biotechnology, including biopharmaceutical development and clinical diagnostics. However, conventional glycan structure analysis faces challenges with throughput and cost. Lectins offer an alternative approach for analyzing glycans, but they only provide glycan epitopes and not full glycan structure information. To overcome these limitations, we developed LeGenD, a lectin and AI-based approach to predict N-glycan structures and determine their relative abundance in purified proteins based on lectin-binding patterns. We trained the LeGenD model using 309 glycoprofiles from 10 recombinant proteins, produced in 30 glycoengineered CHO cell lines. Our approach accurately reconstructed experimentally-measured N-glycoprofiles of bovine Fetuin B and IgG from human sera. Explanatory AI analysis with SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) helped identify the critical lectins for glycoprofile predictions. Our LeGenD approach thus presents an alternative approach for N-glycan analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haining Li
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Angelo G. Peralta
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Sanne Schoffelen
- National Biologics Facility Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Building 220, Kemitorvet, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby Denmark
| | - Anders Holmgaard Hansen
- National Biologics Facility Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Building 220, Kemitorvet, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby Denmark
| | - Johnny Arnsdorf
- National Biologics Facility Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Building 220, Kemitorvet, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby Denmark
| | - Song-Min Schinn
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Jonathan Skidmore
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Biswa Choudhury
- Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Mousumi Paulchakrabarti
- Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Bjorn G. Voldborg
- National Biologics Facility Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Building 220, Kemitorvet, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby Denmark
| | - Austin W.T. Chiang
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Nathan E. Lewis
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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3
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Padilla L, Fricker AD, Luna E, Choudhury B, Hughes ER, Panzetta ME, Valdivia RH, Flores GE. Mechanism of 2'-fucosyllactose degradation by human-associated Akkermansia. J Bacteriol 2024; 206:e0033423. [PMID: 38299857 PMCID: PMC10886448 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00334-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Among the first microorganisms to colonize the human gut of breastfed infants are bacteria capable of fermenting human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs). One of the most abundant HMOs, 2'-fucosyllactose (2'-FL), may specifically drive bacterial colonization of the intestine. Recently, differential growth has been observed across multiple species of Akkermansia on various HMOs including 2'-FL. In culture, we found growth of two species, A. muciniphila MucT and A. biwaensis CSUN-19,on HMOs corresponded to a decrease in the levels of 2'-FL and an increase in lactose, indicating that the first step in 2'-FL catabolism is the cleavage of fucose. Using phylogenetic analysis and transcriptional profiling, we found that the number and expression of fucosidase genes from two glycoside hydrolase (GH) families, GH29 and GH95, vary between these two species. During the mid-log phase of growth, the expression of several GH29 genes was increased by 2'-FL in both species, whereas the GH95 genes were induced only in A. muciniphila. We further show that one putative fucosidase and a β-galactosidase from A. biwaensis are involved in the breakdown of 2'-FL. Our findings indicate that the plasticity of GHs of human-associated Akkermansia sp. enables access to additional growth substrates present in HMOs, including 2'-FL. Our work highlights the potential for Akkermansia to influence the development of the gut microbiota early in life and expands the known metabolic capabilities of this important human symbiont.IMPORTANCEAkkermansia are mucin-degrading specialists widely distributed in the human population. Akkermansia biwaensis has recently been observed to have enhanced growth relative to other human-associated Akkermansia on multiple human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs). However, the mechanisms for enhanced growth are not understood. Here, we characterized the phylogenetic diversity and function of select genes involved in the growth of A. biwaensis on 2'-fucosyllactose (2'-FL), a dominant HMO. Specifically, we demonstrate that two genes in a genomic locus, a putative β-galactosidase and α-fucosidase, are likely responsible for the enhanced growth on 2'-FL. The functional characterization of A. biwaensis growth on 2'-FL delineates the significance of a single genomic locus that may facilitate enhanced colonization and functional activity of select Akkermansia early in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loren Padilla
- Department of Biology, California State University, Northridge, California, USA
| | - Ashwana D. Fricker
- Department of Biology, California State University, Northridge, California, USA
| | - Estefani Luna
- Department of Biology, California State University, Northridge, California, USA
| | - Biswa Choudhury
- GlycoAnalytics Core, UC San Diego, Health Sciences, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Elizabeth R. Hughes
- Department of Integrative Immunobiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Maria E. Panzetta
- Department of Integrative Immunobiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Raphael H. Valdivia
- Department of Integrative Immunobiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Gilberto E. Flores
- Department of Biology, California State University, Northridge, California, USA
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4
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Sreekumar A, Lu M, Choudhury B, Pan TC, Pant DK, Lawrence-Paul MR, Sterner CJ, Belka GK, Toriumi T, Benz BA, Escobar-Aguirre M, Marino FE, Esko JD, Chodosh LA. B3GALT6 promotes dormant breast cancer cell survival and recurrence by enabling heparan sulfate-mediated FGF signaling. Cancer Cell 2024; 42:52-69.e7. [PMID: 38065100 PMCID: PMC10872305 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2023.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Breast cancer mortality results from incurable recurrences thought to be seeded by dormant, therapy-refractory residual tumor cells (RTCs). Understanding the mechanisms enabling RTC survival is therefore essential for improving patient outcomes. Here, we derive a dormancy-associated RTC signature that mirrors the transcriptional response to neoadjuvant therapy in patients and is enriched for extracellular matrix-related pathways. In vivo CRISPR-Cas9 screening of dormancy-associated candidate genes identifies the galactosyltransferase B3GALT6 as a functional regulator of RTC fitness. B3GALT6 is required for glycosaminoglycan (GAG) linkage to proteins to generate proteoglycans, and its germline loss of function in patients causes skeletal dysplasias. We find that B3GALT6-mediated biosynthesis of heparan sulfate GAGs predicts poor patient outcomes and promotes tumor recurrence by enhancing dormant RTC survival in multiple contexts, and does so via a B3GALT6-heparan sulfate/HS6ST1-heparan 6-O-sulfation/FGF1-FGFR2 signaling axis. These findings implicate B3GALT6 in cancer and nominate FGFR2 inhibition as a promising approach to eradicate dormant RTCs and prevent recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amulya Sreekumar
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Michelle Lu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Biswa Choudhury
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Tien-Chi Pan
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Dhruv K Pant
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Matthew R Lawrence-Paul
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Christopher J Sterner
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - George K Belka
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Takashi Toriumi
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Brian A Benz
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Matias Escobar-Aguirre
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Francesco E Marino
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jeffrey D Esko
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Lewis A Chodosh
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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5
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Hajam IA, Katiki M, McNally R, Lázaro-Díez M, Kolar S, Chatterjee A, Gonzalez C, Paulchakrabarti M, Choudhury B, Caldera JR, Desmond T, Tsai CM, Du X, Li H, Murali R, Liu GY. Functional divergence of a bacterial enzyme promotes healthy or acneic skin. Nat Commun 2023; 14:8061. [PMID: 38052825 PMCID: PMC10697930 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43833-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Acne is a dermatologic disease with a strong pathologic association with human commensal Cutibacterium acnes. Conspicuously, certain C. acnes phylotypes are associated with acne, whereas others are associated with healthy skin. Here we investigate if the evolution of a C. acnes enzyme contributes to health or acne. Two hyaluronidase variants exclusively expressed by C. acnes strains, HylA and HylB, demonstrate remarkable clinical correlation with acne or health. We show that HylA is strongly pro-inflammatory, and HylB is modestly anti-inflammatory in a murine (female) acne model. Structural and phylogenic studies suggest that the enzymes evolved from a common hyaluronidase that acquired distinct enzymatic activity. Health-associated HylB degrades hyaluronic acid (HA) exclusively to HA disaccharides leading to reduced inflammation, whereas HylA generates large-sized HA fragments that drive robust TLR2-dependent pathology. Replacing an amino acid, Serine to Glycine near the HylA catalytic site enhances the enzymatic activity of HylA and produces an HA degradation pattern intermediate to HylA and HylB. Selective targeting of HylA using peptide vaccine or inhibitors alleviates acne pathology. We suggest that the functional divergence of HylA and HylB is a major driving force behind C. acnes health- and acne- phenotype and propose targeting of HylA as an approach for acne therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irshad A Hajam
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Madhusudhanarao Katiki
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Research Division of Immunology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Randall McNally
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Research Division of Immunology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
- Vault Pharma Inc., 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA, 90025, USA
| | - María Lázaro-Díez
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, 92093, USA
- AIDS Research Institute (IrsiCaixa). VIRus Immune Escape and VACcine Design (VIRIEVAC) Universitary Hospital German Trias i Pujol Crta Canyet s/n 08916, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Stacey Kolar
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Research Division of Immunology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
- Pharmacology at Armata Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Marina del Rey, CA, 90292, USA
| | - Avradip Chatterjee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Research Division of Immunology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Cesia Gonzalez
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, 92093, USA
| | | | - Biswa Choudhury
- GlycoAnalytics Core, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, 92093, USA
| | - J R Caldera
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, 92093, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Research Division of Immunology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, UCLA Health & David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Trieu Desmond
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, 92093, USA
- School of Pharmacy, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Chih-Ming Tsai
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Xin Du
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Huiying Li
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Ramachandran Murali
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Research Division of Immunology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA.
| | - George Y Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, 92093, USA.
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA, 92123, USA.
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6
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Liang CY, Huang I, Han J, Sownthirarajan B, Kulhankova K, Murray NB, Taherzadeh M, Archer-Hartmann S, Pepi L, Manivasagam S, Plung J, Sturtz M, Yu Y, Vogel OA, Kandasamy M, Gourronc FA, Klingelhutz AJ, Choudhury B, Rong L, Perez JT, Azadi P, McCray PB, Neelamegham S, Manicassamy B. Avian influenza A viruses exhibit plasticity in sialylglycoconjugate receptor usage in human lung cells. J Virol 2023; 97:e0090623. [PMID: 37843369 PMCID: PMC10688379 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00906-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE It is well known that influenza A viruses (IAV) initiate host cell infection by binding to sialic acid, a sugar molecule present at the ends of various sugar chains called glycoconjugates. These sugar chains can vary in chain length, structure, and composition. However, it remains unknown if IAV strains preferentially bind to sialic acid on specific glycoconjugate type(s) for host cell infection. Here, we utilized CRISPR gene editing to abolish sialic acid on different glycoconjugate types in human lung cells, and evaluated human versus avian IAV infections. Our studies show that both human and avian IAV strains can infect human lung cells by utilizing any of the three major sialic acid-containing glycoconjugate types, specifically N-glycans, O-glycans, and glycolipids. Interestingly, simultaneous elimination of sialic acid on all three major glycoconjugate types in human lung cells dramatically decreased human IAV infection, yet had little effect on avian IAV infection. These studies show that avian IAV strains effectively utilize other less prevalent glycoconjugates for infection, whereas human IAV strains rely on a limited repertoire of glycoconjugate types. The remarkable ability of avian IAV strains to utilize diverse glycoconjugate types may allow for easy transmission into new host species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chieh-Yu Liang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, lowa, USA
| | - Iris Huang
- Department of Microbiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Julianna Han
- Department of Microbiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | | | - Nathan B. Murray
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Mehrnoush Taherzadeh
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | | | - Lauren Pepi
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | | | - Jesse Plung
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, lowa, USA
- Department of Microbiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Miranda Sturtz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, lowa, USA
| | - Yolanda Yu
- Department of Microbiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Olivia A. Vogel
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, lowa, USA
- Department of Microbiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | | | | | - Biswa Choudhury
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Lijun Rong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Jasmine T. Perez
- Department of Microbiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Parastoo Azadi
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Paul B. McCray
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, lowa, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, lowa, USA
| | - Sriram Neelamegham
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Balaji Manicassamy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, lowa, USA
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7
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Agarwal K, Choudhury B, Robinson LS, Morrill SR, Bouchibiti Y, Chilin-Fuentes D, Rosenthal SB, Fisch KM, Peipert JF, Lebrilla CB, Allsworth JE, Lewis AL, Lewis WG. Resident microbes shape the vaginal epithelial glycan landscape. Sci Transl Med 2023; 15:eabp9599. [PMID: 38019934 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abp9599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial cells are covered in carbohydrates (glycans). This glycan coat or "glycocalyx" interfaces directly with microbes, providing a protective barrier against potential pathogens. Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a condition associated with adverse health outcomes in which bacteria reside in direct proximity to the vaginal epithelium. Some of these bacteria, including Gardnerella, produce glycosyl hydrolase enzymes. However, glycans of the human vaginal epithelial surface have not been studied in detail. Here, we elucidate key characteristics of the "normal" vaginal epithelial glycan landscape and analyze the impact of resident microbes on the surface glycocalyx. In human BV, glycocalyx staining was visibly diminished in electron micrographs compared to controls. Biochemical and mass spectrometric analysis showed that, compared to normal vaginal epithelial cells, BV cells were depleted of sialylated N- and O-glycans, with underlying galactose residues exposed on the surface. Treatment of primary epithelial cells from BV-negative women with recombinant Gardnerella sialidases generated BV-like glycan phenotypes. Exposure of cultured VK2 vaginal epithelial cells to recombinant Gardnerella sialidase led to desialylation of glycans and induction of pathways regulating cell death, differentiation, and inflammatory responses. These data provide evidence that vaginal epithelial cells exhibit an altered glycan landscape in BV and suggest that BV-associated glycosidic enzymes may lead to changes in epithelial gene transcription that promote cell turnover and regulate responses toward the resident microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavita Agarwal
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Center for Women's Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Glycobiology Research and Training Center, UCSD, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Biswa Choudhury
- Glycobiology Research and Training Center, UCSD, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Lloyd S Robinson
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Center for Women's Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Sydney R Morrill
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Center for Women's Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Glycobiology Research and Training Center, UCSD, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Yasmine Bouchibiti
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Daisy Chilin-Fuentes
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, UCSD, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Sara B Rosenthal
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, UCSD, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Kathleen M Fisch
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, UCSD, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Jeffrey F Peipert
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Carlito B Lebrilla
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Jenifer E Allsworth
- Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, University of Missouri, Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
| | - Amanda L Lewis
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Center for Women's Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Glycobiology Research and Training Center, UCSD, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Warren G Lewis
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Center for Women's Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Glycobiology Research and Training Center, UCSD, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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8
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Padilla L, Fricker AD, Luna E, Choudhury B, Hughes ER, Panzetta ME, Valdivia RH, Flores GE. Mechanism of 2'-Fucosyllactose degradation by Human-Associated Akkermansia. bioRxiv 2023:2023.10.17.562767. [PMID: 37904935 PMCID: PMC10614881 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.17.562767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Abstract
Among the first microorganisms to colonize the human gut of breastfed infants are bacteria capable of fermenting human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs). One of the most abundant HMOs, 2'-fucosyllactose (2'-FL), may specifically drive bacterial colonization of the intestine. Recently, differential growth has been observed across multiple species of Akkermansia on various HMOs including 2'FL. In culture, we found growth of two species, A. muciniphila Muc T and A. biwaensis CSUN-19, in HMOS corresponded to a decrease in the levels of 2'-FL and an increase in lactose, indicating that the first step in 2'-FL catabolism is the cleavage of fucose. Using phylogenetic analysis and transcriptional profiling, we found that the number and expression of fucosidase genes from two glycoside hydrolase (GH) families, GH29 and GH95, varies between these two species. During mid-log phase growth, the expression of several GH29 genes was increased by 2'-FL in both species, whereas the GH95 genes were induced only in A. muciniphila . We further show that one putative fucosidase and a β-galactosidase from A. biwaensis are involved in the breakdown of 2'-FL. Our findings indicate that that plasticity of GHs of human associated Akkermansia sp. enable access to additional growth substrates present in HMOs, including 2'-FL. Our work highlights the potential for Akkermansia to influence the development of the gut microbiota early in life and expands the known metabolic capabilities of this important human symbiont. IMPORTANCE Akkermansia are mucin degrading specialists widely distributed in the human population. Akkermansia biwaensis has recently been observed to have enhanced growth relative to other human associated Akkermansia on multiple human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs). However, the mechanisms for enhanced growth are not understood. Here, we characterized the phylogenetic diversity and function of select genes involved in growth of A. biwaensis on 2'-fucosyllactose (2'-FL), a dominant HMO. Specifically, we demonstrate that two genes in a genomic locus, a putative β-galactosidase and α-fucosidase, are likely responsible for the enhanced growth on 2'-FL. The functional characterization of A. biwaensis growth on 2'-FL delineates the significance of a single genomic locus that may facilitate enhanced colonization and functional activity of select Akkermansia early in life.
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9
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Askarian F, Tsai CM, Cordara G, Zurich RH, Bjånes E, Golten O, Vinther Sørensen H, Kousha A, Meier A, Chikwati E, Bruun JA, Ludviksen JA, Choudhury B, Trieu D, Davis S, Edvardsen PKT, Mollnes TE, Liu GY, Krengel U, Conrad DJ, Vaaje-Kolstad G, Nizet V. Immunization with lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase CbpD induces protective immunity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2301538120. [PMID: 37459522 PMCID: PMC10372616 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2301538120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) CbpD belongs to the lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs), a family of enzymes that cleave chitin or related polysaccharides. Here, we demonstrate a virulence role of CbpD in PA pneumonia linked to impairment of host complement function and opsonophagocytic clearance. Following intratracheal challenge, a PA ΔCbpD mutant was more easily cleared and produced less mortality than the wild-type parent strain. The x-ray crystal structure of the CbpD LPMO domain was solved to subatomic resolution (0.75Å) and its two additional domains modeled by small-angle X-ray scattering and Alphafold2 machine-learning algorithms, allowing structure-based immune epitope mapping. Immunization of naive mice with recombinant CbpD generated high IgG antibody titers that promoted human neutrophil opsonophagocytic killing, neutralized enzymatic activity, and protected against lethal PA pneumonia and sepsis. IgG antibodies generated against full-length CbpD or its noncatalytic M2+CBM73 domains were opsonic and protective, even in previously PA-exposed mice, while antibodies targeting the AA10 domain were not. Preexisting antibodies in PA-colonized cystic fibrosis patients primarily target the CbpD AA10 catalytic domain. Further exploration of LPMO family proteins, present across many clinically important and antibiotic-resistant human pathogens, may yield novel and effective vaccine antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Askarian
- Division of Host-Microbe Systems & Therapeutics, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Chih-Ming Tsai
- Division of Host-Microbe Systems & Therapeutics, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Gabriele Cordara
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, N-0315 Oslo, Norway
| | - Raymond H Zurich
- Division of Host-Microbe Systems & Therapeutics, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Elisabet Bjånes
- Division of Host-Microbe Systems & Therapeutics, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Ole Golten
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, N-1432 Ås, Norway
| | | | - Armin Kousha
- Division of Host-Microbe Systems & Therapeutics, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Angela Meier
- Division of Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Elvis Chikwati
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, N-1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Jack-Ansgar Bruun
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Core Facility, Department of Medical Biology, The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | | | - Biswa Choudhury
- Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Desmond Trieu
- Division of Host-Microbe Systems & Therapeutics, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
- School of Pharmacy, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Stanley Davis
- Division of Host-Microbe Systems & Therapeutics, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | | | - Tom Eirik Mollnes
- Research Laboratory, Nordland Hospital, N-8005 Bodø, Norway
- Department of Immunology, University of Oslo Hospital, N-0424 Oslo, Norway
- Center of Molecular Inflammation Research, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - George Y Liu
- Division of Host-Microbe Systems & Therapeutics, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Ute Krengel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, N-0315 Oslo, Norway
| | - Douglas J Conrad
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Gustav Vaaje-Kolstad
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, N-1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Victor Nizet
- Division of Host-Microbe Systems & Therapeutics, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
- Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
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10
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O'Leary S, Mylanus E, Venail F, Lenarz T, Birman C, Di Lella F, Roland JT, Gantz B, Beynon A, Sicard M, Buechner A, Lai WK, Boccio C, Choudhury B, Tejani VD, Plant K, English R, Arts R, Bester C. Monitoring Cochlear Health With Intracochlear Electrocochleography During Cochlear Implantation: Findings From an International Clinical Investigation. Ear Hear 2023; 44:358-370. [PMID: 36395515 PMCID: PMC9957964 DOI: 10.1097/aud.0000000000001288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Electrocochleography (ECochG) is emerging as a tool for monitoring cochlear function during cochlear implant (CI) surgery. ECochG may be recorded directly from electrodes on the implant array intraoperatively. For low-frequency stimulation, its amplitude tends to rise or may plateau as the electrode is inserted. The aim of this study was to explore whether compromise of the ECochG signal, defined as a fall in its amplitude of 30% or more during insertion, whether transient or permanent, is associated with poorer postoperative acoustic hearing, and to examine how preoperative hearing levels may influence the ability to record ECochG. The specific hypotheses tested were threefold: (a) deterioration in the pure-tone average of low-frequency hearing at the first postoperative follow-up interval (follow-up visit 1 [FUV1], 4 to 6 weeks) will be associated with compromise of the cochlear microphonic (CM) amplitude during electrode insertion (primary hypothesis); (b) an association is observed at the second postoperative follow-up interval (FUV2, 3 months) (secondary hypothesis 1); and (c) the CM response will be recorded earlier during electrode array insertion when the preoperative high-frequency hearing is better (secondary hypothesis 2). DESIGN International, multi-site prospective, observational, between groups design, targeting 41 adult participants in each of two groups, (compromised CM versus preserved CM). Adult CI candidates who were scheduled to receive a Cochlear Nucleus CI with a Slim Straight or a Slim Modiolar electrode array and had a preoperative audiometric low-frequency average thresholds of ≤80 dB HL at 500, 750, and 1000 Hz in the ear to be implanted, were recruited from eight international implant sites. Pure tone audiometry was measured preoperatively and at postoperative visits (FUV1 and follow-up visit 2 [FUV2]). ECochG was measured during and immediately after the implantation of the array. RESULTS From a total of 78 enrolled individuals (80 ears), 77 participants (79 ears) underwent surgery. Due to protocol deviations, 18 ears (23%) were excluded. Of the 61 ears with ECochG responses, amplitudes were < 1 µV throughout implantation for 18 ears (23%) and deemed "unclear" for classification. EcochG responses >1 µV in 43 ears (55%) were stable throughout implantation for 8 ears and compromised in 35 ears. For the primary endpoint at FUV1, 7/41 ears (17%) with preserved CM had a median hearing loss of 12.6 dB versus 34/41 ears (83%) with compromised CM and a median hearing loss of 26.9 dB ( p < 0.014). In assessing the practicalities of measuring intraoperative ECochG, the presence of a measurable CM (>1 µV) during implantation was dependent on preoperative, low-frequency thresholds, particularly at the stimulus frequency (0.5 kHz). High-frequency, preoperative thresholds were also associated with a measurable CM > 1 µV during surgery. CONCLUSIONS Our data shows that CM drops occurring during electrode insertion were correlated with significantly poorer hearing preservation postoperatively compared to CMs that remained stable throughout the electrode insertion. The practicality of measuring ECochG in a large cohort is discussed, regarding the suggested optimal preoperative low-frequency hearing levels ( < 80 dB HL) considered necessary to obtain a CM signal >1 µV.
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Affiliation(s)
- S O'Leary
- Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - E Mylanus
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Radboud University Medical Centre, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - F Venail
- University Hospital of Montpellier & Institute of Neurosciences of Montpellier INSERM U1298, Montpellier, France
| | - T Lenarz
- Department Otolaryngology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - C Birman
- Cochlear Implant Program, NextSense, Sydney, Australia
| | - F Di Lella
- Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - J T Roland
- NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, USA
| | - B Gantz
- University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - A Beynon
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Radboud University Medical Centre, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - M Sicard
- University Hospital of Montpellier & Institute of Neurosciences of Montpellier INSERM U1298, Montpellier, France
| | - A Buechner
- Department Otolaryngology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - W K Lai
- Cochlear Implant Program, NextSense, Sydney, Australia
| | - C Boccio
- Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - B Choudhury
- NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, USA
| | - V D Tejani
- University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - K Plant
- Cochlear Limited, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - R Arts
- Cochlear Benelux NV, Mechelen, Belgium
| | - C Bester
- Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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11
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Dover M, Moseley T, Biskaduros A, Paulchakrabarti M, Hwang SH, Hammock B, Choudhury B, Kaczor-Urbanowicz KE, Urbanowicz A, Morselli M, Dang J, Pellegrini M, Paul K, Bentolila LA, Fiala M. Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Mend Macrophage Transcriptome, Glycome, and Phenotype in the Patients with Neurodegenerative Diseases, Including Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 91:245-261. [PMID: 36373322 PMCID: PMC9881025 DOI: 10.3233/jad-220764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Macrophages of healthy subjects have a pro-resolution phenotype, upload amyloid-β (Aβ) into endosomes, and degrade Aβ, whereas macrophages of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) generally have a pro-inflammatory phenotype and lack energy for brain clearance of Aβ. OBJECTIVE To clarify the pathogenesis of sporadic AD and therapeutic effects of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) with vitamins B and D and antioxidants on monocyte/macrophage (MM) migration in the AD brain, MM transcripts in energy and Aβ degradation, MM glycome, and macrophage clearance of Aβ. METHODS We followed for 31.3 months (mean) ten PUFA-supplemented neurodegenerative patients: 3 with subjective cognitive impairment (SCI), 2 with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), 3 MCI/vascular cognitive impairment, 2 with dementia with Lewy bodies, and 7 non-supplemented caregivers. We examined: monocyte migration in the brain and a blood-brain barrier model by immunochemistry and electron microscopy; macrophage transcriptome by RNAseq; macrophage glycome by N-glycan profiling and LTQ-Orbitrap mass spectrometry; and macrophage phenotype and phagocytosis by immunofluorescence. RESULTS MM invade Aβ plaques, upload but do not degrade Aβ, and release Aβ into vessels, which develop cerebrovascular amyloid angiopathy (CAA); PUFA upregulate energy and Aβ degradation enzyme transcripts in macrophages; PUFA enhance sialylated N-glycans in macrophages; PUFA reduce oxidative stress and increase pro-resolution MM phenotype, mitochondrial membrane potential, and Aβ phagocytosis (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Macrophages of SCI, MCI, and AD patients have interrelated defects in the transcriptome, glycome, Aβ phagocytosis, and Aβ degradation. PUFA mend macrophage transcriptome, enrich glycome, enhance Aβ clearance, and benefit the cognition of early-stage AD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Dover
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, UCLA School of Life Sciences, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Integrated Biology and Physiology, UCLA School of Life Sciences, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Taylor Moseley
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, UCLA School of Life Sciences, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Adrienne Biskaduros
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, UCLA School of Life Sciences, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Sung Hee Hwang
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, and UCDavis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California – Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Bruce Hammock
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, and UCDavis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California – Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Biswa Choudhury
- GlycoAnalytics Core, University of California SanDiego Health Sciences, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Andrzej Urbanowicz
- Institute of Control and Computation Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marco Morselli
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, UCLA School of Life Sciences, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Johnny Dang
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, UCLA School of Life Sciences, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Matteo Pellegrini
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, UCLA School of Life Sciences, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ketema Paul
- Department of Integrated Biology and Physiology, UCLA School of Life Sciences, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Laurent A. Bentolila
- Advanced Light Microscopy and Spectroscopy Laboratory, California Nano Systems Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Milan Fiala
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, UCLA School of Life Sciences, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Integrated Biology and Physiology, UCLA School of Life Sciences, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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12
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Fell CW, Hagelkruys A, Cicvaric A, Horrer M, Liu L, Li JSS, Stadlmann J, Polyansky AA, Mereiter S, Tejada MA, Kokotović T, Achuta VS, Scaramuzza A, Twyman KA, Morrow MM, Juusola J, Yan H, Wang J, Burmeister M, Choudhury B, Andersen TL, Wirnsberger G, Holmskov U, Perrimon N, Žagrović B, Monje FJ, Moeller JB, Penninger JM, Nagy V. FIBCD1 is an endocytic GAG receptor associated with a novel neurodevelopmental disorder. EMBO Mol Med 2022; 14:e15829. [PMID: 35916241 PMCID: PMC9449597 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202215829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Whole-exome sequencing of two patients with idiopathic complex neurodevelopmental disorder (NDD) identified biallelic variants of unknown significance within FIBCD1, encoding an endocytic acetyl group-binding transmembrane receptor with no known function in the central nervous system. We found that FIBCD1 preferentially binds and endocytoses glycosaminoglycan (GAG) chondroitin sulphate-4S (CS-4S) and regulates GAG content of the brain extracellular matrix (ECM). In silico molecular simulation studies and GAG binding analyses of patient variants determined that such variants are loss-of-function by disrupting FIBCD1-CS-4S association. Gene knockdown in flies resulted in morphological disruption of the neuromuscular junction and motor-related behavioural deficits. In humans and mice, FIBCD1 is expressed in discrete brain regions, including the hippocampus. Fibcd1 KO mice exhibited normal hippocampal neuronal morphology but impaired hippocampal-dependent learning. Further, hippocampal synaptic remodelling in acute slices from Fibcd1 KO mice was deficient but restored upon enzymatically modulating the ECM. Together, we identified FIBCD1 as an endocytic receptor for GAGs in the brain ECM and a novel gene associated with an NDD, revealing a critical role in nervous system structure, function and plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher W Fell
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed DiseasesViennaAustria
- CeMM, Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of SciencesViennaAustria
- Department of NeurologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Astrid Hagelkruys
- VBC – Vienna BioCenter CampusIMBA, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of SciencesViennaAustria
| | - Ana Cicvaric
- Department of Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology, Centre for Physiology and PharmacologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Feinberg School of MedicineNorthwestern UniversityChicagoILUSA
| | - Marion Horrer
- VBC – Vienna BioCenter CampusIMBA, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of SciencesViennaAustria
| | - Lucy Liu
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical SchoolHoward Hughes Medical InstituteBostonMAUSA
| | - Joshua Shing Shun Li
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical SchoolHoward Hughes Medical InstituteBostonMAUSA
| | - Johannes Stadlmann
- VBC – Vienna BioCenter CampusIMBA, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of SciencesViennaAustria
- Institute of BiochemistryUniversity of Natural Resource and Life SciencesViennaAustria
| | - Anton A Polyansky
- Department of Structural and Computational Biology, Max Perutz LabsUniversity of ViennaViennaAustria
- MM Shemyakin and Yu A Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic ChemistryRussian Academy of SciencesMoscowRussia
| | - Stefan Mereiter
- VBC – Vienna BioCenter CampusIMBA, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of SciencesViennaAustria
| | - Miguel Angel Tejada
- VBC – Vienna BioCenter CampusIMBA, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of SciencesViennaAustria
- Research Unit on Women's Health‐Institute of Health Research INCLIVAValenciaSpain
| | - Tomislav Kokotović
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed DiseasesViennaAustria
- CeMM, Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of SciencesViennaAustria
- Department of NeurologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Venkat Swaroop Achuta
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed DiseasesViennaAustria
- Department of NeurologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Angelica Scaramuzza
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed DiseasesViennaAustria
- Department of NeurologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | | | | | | | - Huifang Yan
- Department of PediatricsPeking University First HospitalBeijingChina
- Joint International Research Center of Translational and Clinical ResearchBeijingChina
| | - Jingmin Wang
- Department of PediatricsPeking University First HospitalBeijingChina
- Joint International Research Center of Translational and Clinical ResearchBeijingChina
| | - Margit Burmeister
- Michigan Neuroscience InstituteUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMIUSA
- Departments of Computational Medicine & Bioinformatics, Psychiatry and Human GeneticsUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMIUSA
| | - Biswa Choudhury
- Department of Cellular and Molecular MedicineUCSDLa JollaCAUSA
| | - Thomas Levin Andersen
- Clinical Cell Biology, Department of PathologyOdense University HospitalOdenseDenmark
- Pathology Research Unit, Department of Clinical Research and Department of Molecular MedicineUniversity of Southern DenmarkOdenseDenmark
| | - Gerald Wirnsberger
- VBC – Vienna BioCenter CampusIMBA, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of SciencesViennaAustria
- Apeiron Biologics AG, Vienna BioCenter CampusViennaAustria
| | - Uffe Holmskov
- Cancer and Inflammation Research, Department of Molecular MedicineUniversity of Southern DenmarkOdenseDenmark
| | - Norbert Perrimon
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical SchoolHoward Hughes Medical InstituteBostonMAUSA
| | - Bojan Žagrović
- Department of Structural and Computational Biology, Max Perutz LabsUniversity of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Francisco J Monje
- Department of Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology, Centre for Physiology and PharmacologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Jesper Bonnet Moeller
- Cancer and Inflammation Research, Department of Molecular MedicineUniversity of Southern DenmarkOdenseDenmark
- Danish Institute for Advanced StudyUniversity of Southern DenmarkOdenseDenmark
| | - Josef M Penninger
- VBC – Vienna BioCenter CampusIMBA, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of SciencesViennaAustria
- Department of Medical Genetics, Life Science InstituteUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada
| | - Vanja Nagy
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed DiseasesViennaAustria
- CeMM, Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of SciencesViennaAustria
- Department of NeurologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
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13
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Choudhury B, Pankaj P. A study on the acceptability of green products in Pune region. CM 2022. [DOI: 10.18137/cardiometry.2022.23.585592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
With rising markets and increasing customer volumes, the ecosystem is dramatically degraded by production and consumption habits. Governments, consumers, and producers have recognized the significance of this issue. Industries’ department of research and development is continuously developing environmentally friendly products that cause less environmental destruction. Items that are recyclable and have safe disposal are also referred to as green goods. The objective of this study is to understand the notion of green products and consumer behavior towards it. The study also investigates the relationship between green product use and intention to purchase and demographic variables. The findings provide significant insight into the factors predominantly responsible for inspiring and discouraging customers from buying green products. Eco-friendly nature and knowledge about green products are the driving factors. In contrast, limited awareness about green products, cost of installation is the factors that reduce the sale of these products.
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14
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Ji Y, Sasmal A, Li W, Oh L, Srivastava S, Hargett AA, Wasik BR, Yu H, Diaz S, Choudhury B, Parrish CR, Freedberg DI, Wang LP, Varki A, Chen X. Reversible O-Acetyl Migration within the Sialic Acid Side Chain and Its Influence on Protein Recognition. ACS Chem Biol 2021; 16:1951-1960. [PMID: 33769035 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.0c00998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
O-Acetylation is a common naturally occurring modification of carbohydrates and is especially widespread in sialic acids, a family of nine-carbon acidic monosaccharides. O-Acetyl migration within the exocyclic glycerol-like side chain of mono-O-acetylated sialic acid reported previously was from the C7- to C9-hydroxyl group with or without an 8-O-acetyl intermediate, which resulted in an equilibrium that favors the formation of the 9-O-acetyl sialic acid. Herein, we provide direct experimental evidence demonstrating that O-acetyl migration is bidirectional, and the rate of equilibration is influenced predominantly by the pH of the sample. While the O-acetyl group on sialic acids and sialoglycans is stable under mildly acidic conditions (pH < 5, the rate of O-acetyl migration is extremely low), reversible O-acetyl migration is observed readily at neutral pH and becomes more significant when the pH increases to slightly basic. Sialoglycan microarray studies showed that esterase-inactivated porcine torovirus hemagglutinin-esterase bound strongly to sialoglycans containing a more stable 9-N-acetylated sialic acid analog, but these compounds were less resistant to periodate oxidation treatment compared to their 9-O-acetyl counterparts. Together with prior studies, the results support the possible influence of sialic acid O-acetylation and O-acetyl migration to host-microbe interactions and potential application of the more stable synthetic N-acetyl mimics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Ji
- Glycobiology Research and Training Center, Departments of Medicine and Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California 92093, United States
| | - Aniruddha Sasmal
- Glycobiology Research and Training Center, Departments of Medicine and Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California 92093, United States
| | - Wanqing Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Lisa Oh
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Saurabh Srivastava
- Glycobiology Research and Training Center, Departments of Medicine and Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California 92093, United States
| | - Audra A. Hargett
- Laboratory of Bacterial Polysaccharides, Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Silver Spring, Maryland 20993, United States
| | - Brian R. Wasik
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Hai Yu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Sandra Diaz
- Glycobiology Research and Training Center, Departments of Medicine and Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California 92093, United States
| | - Biswa Choudhury
- Glycobiology Research and Training Center, Departments of Medicine and Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California 92093, United States
| | - Colin R. Parrish
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Darón I. Freedberg
- Laboratory of Bacterial Polysaccharides, Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Silver Spring, Maryland 20993, United States
| | - Lee-Ping Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Ajit Varki
- Glycobiology Research and Training Center, Departments of Medicine and Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California 92093, United States
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
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15
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Kaushal D, Rajan N, Soni K, Sharma A, Choudhury B, Yadav T, Khera P, Gupta P, Kaur N, Goyal A. Reducing mortality in mucormycosis of the head and neck in diabetic patients: A CARE case series. Eur Ann Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Dis 2021; 139:146-152. [PMID: 34489194 DOI: 10.1016/j.anorl.2021.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Rhinocerebral mucormycosis is extremely fatal, with mortality rates ranging from 85-93% despite the best treatment in immunocompromised patients. We emphasize the importance of early diagnosis, repeated debridement, and aggressive antifungal treatment to reduce mortality. CASE SUMMARY We report six cases (five male and one female), with a mean age of 51 years who were diagnosed to have mucormycosis from 2017 to 2019. All patients were diabetic. Intracranial involvement and orbital involvement were found in four cases. Facial nerve palsy was seen in two cases, one without any apparent otological involvement. Aggressive serial debridement and amphotericin B was started. Posaconazole was added subsequently to the treatment in two cases. One patient succumbed to the disease five months after discharge. The other five patients are on regular follow-up for a mean duration of 14 months at the end of which two had residual disease which was under control. DISCUSSION Repeated surgical debridement with an early aggressive and combination antifungal therapy can result in good outcomes even in advanced mucormycosis. Concurrent management of the underlying pathology, monitoring of liver and kidney functions, and therapeutic drug monitoring are useful to ensure smooth and effective treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Kaushal
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, 174001 Bilaspur, India.
| | - N Rajan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, 342005 Jodhpur, India
| | - K Soni
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, 342005 Jodhpur, India
| | - A Sharma
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, 342005 Jodhpur, India
| | - B Choudhury
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, 342005 Jodhpur, India
| | - T Yadav
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, 342005 Jodhpur, India
| | - P Khera
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, 342005 Jodhpur, India
| | - P Gupta
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, 342005 Jodhpur, India
| | - N Kaur
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, 342005 Jodhpur, India
| | - A Goyal
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, 342005 Jodhpur, India
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16
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Kawanishi K, Saha S, Diaz S, Vaill M, Sasmal A, Siddiqui SS, Choudhury B, Sharma K, Chen X, Schoenhofen IC, Sato C, Kitajima K, Freeze HH, Münster-Kühnel A, Varki A. Evolutionary conservation of human ketodeoxynonulosonic acid production is independent of sialoglycan biosynthesis. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:137681. [PMID: 33373330 DOI: 10.1172/jci137681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human metabolic incorporation of nonhuman sialic acid (Sia) N-glycolylneuraminic acid into endogenous glycans generates inflammation via preexisting antibodies, which likely contributes to red meat-induced atherosclerosis acceleration. Exploring whether this mechanism affects atherosclerosis in end-stage renal disease (ESRD), we instead found serum accumulation of 2-keto-3-deoxy-d-glycero-d-galacto-2-nonulosonic acid (Kdn), a Sia prominently expressed in cold-blooded vertebrates. In patients with ESRD, levels of the Kdn precursor mannose also increased, but within a normal range. Mannose ingestion by healthy volunteers raised the levels of urinary mannose and Kdn. Kdn production pathways remained conserved in mammals but were diminished by an M42T substitution in a key biosynthetic enzyme, N-acetylneuraminate synthase. Remarkably, reversion to the ancestral methionine then occurred independently in 2 lineages, including humans. However, mammalian glycan databases contain no Kdn-glycans. We hypothesize that the potential toxicity of excess mannose in mammals is partly buffered by conversion to free Kdn. Thus, mammals probably conserve Kdn biosynthesis and modulate it in a lineage-specific manner, not for glycosylation, but to control physiological mannose intermediates and metabolites. However, human cells can be forced to express Kdn-glycans via genetic mutations enhancing Kdn utilization, or by transfection with fish enzymes producing cytidine monophosphate-Kdn (CMP-Kdn). Antibodies against Kdn-glycans occur in pooled human immunoglobulins. Pathological conditions that elevate Kdn levels could therefore result in antibody-mediated inflammatory pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunio Kawanishi
- Glycobiology Research and Training Center.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, and
| | - Sudeshna Saha
- Glycobiology Research and Training Center.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, and
| | - Sandra Diaz
- Glycobiology Research and Training Center.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, and
| | - Michael Vaill
- Glycobiology Research and Training Center.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, and.,Center for Academic Research and Training in Anthropogeny, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Aniruddha Sasmal
- Glycobiology Research and Training Center.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, and
| | - Shoib S Siddiqui
- Glycobiology Research and Training Center.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, and
| | | | - Kumar Sharma
- Center for Renal Precision Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis (UCD), Davis, California, USA
| | - Ian C Schoenhofen
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Center, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Chihiro Sato
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Ken Kitajima
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hudson H Freeze
- Human Genetics Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | | | - Ajit Varki
- Glycobiology Research and Training Center.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, and.,Center for Academic Research and Training in Anthropogeny, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, California, USA.,Department of Medicine, UCSD, La Jolla, California, USA
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17
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Pruss KM, Marcobal A, Southwick AM, Dahan D, Smits SA, Ferreyra JA, Higginbottom SK, Sonnenburg ED, Kashyap PC, Choudhury B, Bode L, Sonnenburg JL. Mucin-derived O-glycans supplemented to diet mitigate diverse microbiota perturbations. ISME J 2021; 15:577-591. [PMID: 33087860 PMCID: PMC8027378 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-020-00798-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Microbiota-accessible carbohydrates (MACs) are powerful modulators of microbiota composition and function. These substrates are often derived from diet, such as complex polysaccharides from plants or human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) during breastfeeding. Host-derived mucus glycans on gut-secreted mucin proteins serve as a continuous endogenous source of MACs for resident microbes; here we investigate the potential role of purified, orally administered mucus glycans in maintaining a healthy microbial community. In this study, we liberated and purified O-linked glycans from porcine gastric mucin and assessed their efficacy in shaping the recovery of a perturbed microbiota in a mouse model. We found that porcine mucin glycans (PMGs) and HMOs enrich for taxonomically similar resident microbes. We demonstrate that PMGs aid recovery of the microbiota after antibiotic treatment, suppress Clostridium difficile abundance, delay the onset of diet-induced obesity, and increase the relative abundance of resident Akkermansia muciniphila. In silico analysis revealed that genes associated with mucus utilization are abundant and diverse in prevalent gut commensals and rare in enteric pathogens, consistent with these glycan-degrading capabilities being selected for during host development and throughout the evolution of the host-microbe relationship. Importantly, we identify mucus glycans as a novel class of prebiotic compounds that can be used to mitigate perturbations to the microbiota and provide benefits to host physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Pruss
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - A Marcobal
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - A M Southwick
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - D Dahan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - S A Smits
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - J A Ferreyra
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - S K Higginbottom
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - E D Sonnenburg
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - P C Kashyap
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - B Choudhury
- GlycoAnalytics Core, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - L Bode
- Division of Neonatology and Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - J L Sonnenburg
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.
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18
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Ferencz B, Condac E, Poudel N, Munteanu MC, Sivasami P, Choudhury B, Naidu NN, Zhang F, Breshears M, Linhardt RJ, Hinsdale ME. Xylosyltransferase 2 deficiency and organ homeostasis. Glycoconj J 2020; 37:755-765. [PMID: 32965647 PMCID: PMC9248025 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-020-09945-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In this paper we characterize the function of Xylosyltransferase 2 (XylT2) in different tissues to investigate the role XylT2 has in the proteoglycan (PG) biochemistry of multiple organs. The results show that in all organs examined there is a widespread and significant decrease in total XylT activity in Xylt2 knock out mice (Xylt2-/-). This decrease results in increased organ weight differences in lung, heart, and spleen. These findings, in addition to our previous findings of increased liver and kidney weight with loss of serum XylT activity, suggest systemic changes in organ function due to loss of XylT2 activity. The Xylt2-/- mice have splenomegaly due to enlargement of the red pulp area and enhanced pulmonary response to bacterial liposaccharide. Tissue glycosaminoglycan composition changes are also found. These results demonstrate a role of XylT2 activity in multiple organs and their PG content. Because the residual XylT activity in the Xylt2-/- is due to xylosyltransferase 1 (XylT1), these studies indicate that both XylT1 and XylT2 have important roles in PG biosynthesis and organ homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrix Ferencz
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
| | - Eduard Condac
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
| | - Nabin Poudel
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
| | | | - Pulavendran Sivasami
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
| | - Biswa Choudhury
- Glycotechnology Core Lab, Cellular and Molecular Medicine East, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0687, USA
| | | | - Fuming Zhang
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180-3590, USA
| | - Melanie Breshears
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
| | - Robert J Linhardt
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180-3590, USA
| | - Myron E Hinsdale
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA.
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA.
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19
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Choudhury B, Brown J, Ransy DG, Brophy J, Kakkar F, Bitnun A, Samson L, Read S, Soudeyns H, Vaudry W, Houston S, Hawkes MT. Endothelial activation is associated with intestinal epithelial injury, systemic inflammation and treatment regimen in children living with vertically acquired HIV-1 infection. HIV Med 2020; 22:273-282. [PMID: 33151601 DOI: 10.1111/hiv.13012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Premature development of cardiovascular disease in children living with HIV-1 (CLWH) may be associated with compromised gut barrier function, microbial translocation, immune activation, systemic inflammation and endothelial activation. Biomarkers of these pathways may provide insights into pathogenesis of atherosclerotic disease in CLWH. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study of CLWH enrolled in the multicentre Early Pediatric Initiation-Canadian Child Cure Cohort (EPIC4 ) who were on antiretroviral therapy (ART) with undetectable viral load. Plasma biomarkers of intestinal epithelial injury [intestinal fatty acid binding protein-1 (IFABP)], systemic inflammation [tumour necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin-6 (IL-6)] and endothelial activation [angiopoietin-2 (Ang2), soluble vascular endothelial growth factor-1 (sVEGFR1) and soluble endoglin (sEng)] were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Correlation and factor analysis of biomarkers were used to examine associations between innate immune pathways. RESULTS Among 90 CLWH, 16% of Ang2, 15% of sVEGFR1 and 23% of sEng levels were elevated relative to healthy historic controls. Pairwise rank correlations between the three markers of endothelial activation were statistically significant (ρ = 0.69, ρ = 0.61 and ρ = 0.65, P < 0.001 for all correlations). An endothelial activation index, derived by factor analysis of the three endothelial biomarkers, was correlated with TNF (ρ = 0.47, P < 0.001), IL-6 (ρ = 0.60, P < 0.001) and intestinal fatty acid binding protein-1 (ρ = 0.67, P < 0.001). Current or past treatment with ritonavir-boosted lopinavir (LPV/r) was associated with endothelial activation (odds ratio = 5.0, 95% CI: 1.7-17, P = 0.0020). CONCLUSIONS Endothelial activation is prevalent in CLWH despite viral suppression with combination ART and is associated with intestinal epithelial injury, systemic inflammation and treatment with LPV/r.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Choudhury
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - J Brown
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - D G Ransy
- Unité d'immunopathologie virale, Centre de recherche du CHU Sainte-Justine, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - J Brophy
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - F Kakkar
- Department of Pediatrics, CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - A Bitnun
- Hospital for Sick Children, Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - L Samson
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - S Read
- Hospital for Sick Children, Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - H Soudeyns
- Unité d'immunopathologie virale, Centre de recherche du CHU Sainte-Justine, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Department of Microbiology, Infectiology & Immunology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - W Vaudry
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - S Houston
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - M T Hawkes
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Stollery Science Lab, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Women and Children's Health Research Institute, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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20
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Sevillano AM, Aguilar-Calvo P, Kurt TD, Lawrence JA, Soldau K, Nam TH, Schumann T, Pizzo DP, Nyström S, Choudhury B, Altmeppen H, Esko JD, Glatzel M, Nilsson KPR, Sigurdson CJ. Prion protein glycans reduce intracerebral fibril formation and spongiosis in prion disease. J Clin Invest 2020; 130:1350-1362. [PMID: 31985492 DOI: 10.1172/jci131564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Posttranslational modifications (PTMs) are common among proteins that aggregate in neurodegenerative disease, yet how PTMs impact the aggregate conformation and disease progression remains unclear. By engineering knockin mice expressing prion protein (PrP) lacking 2 N-linked glycans (Prnp180Q/196Q), we provide evidence that glycans reduce spongiform degeneration and hinder plaque formation in prion disease. Prnp180Q/196Q mice challenged with 2 subfibrillar, non-plaque-forming prion strains instead developed plaques highly enriched in ADAM10-cleaved PrP and heparan sulfate (HS). Intriguingly, a third strain composed of intact, glycophosphatidylinositol-anchored (GPI-anchored) PrP was relatively unchanged, forming diffuse, HS-deficient deposits in both the Prnp180Q/196Q and WT mice, underscoring the pivotal role of the GPI-anchor in driving the aggregate conformation and disease phenotype. Finally, knockin mice expressing triglycosylated PrP (Prnp187N) challenged with a plaque-forming prion strain showed a phenotype reversal, with a striking disease acceleration and switch from plaques to predominantly diffuse, subfibrillar deposits. Our findings suggest that the dominance of subfibrillar aggregates in prion disease is due to the replication of GPI-anchored prions, with fibrillar plaques forming from poorly glycosylated, GPI-anchorless prions that interact with extracellular HS. These studies provide insight into how PTMs impact PrP interactions with polyanionic cofactors, and highlight PTMs as a major force driving the prion disease phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Timothy D Kurt
- Department of Pathology, UCSD, La Jolla, California, USA
| | | | - Katrin Soldau
- Department of Pathology, UCSD, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Thu H Nam
- Department of Pathology, UCSD, La Jolla, California, USA
| | | | - Donald P Pizzo
- Department of Pathology, UCSD, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Sofie Nyström
- Department of Physics, Chemistry, and Biology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Biswa Choudhury
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, UCSD, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Hermann Altmeppen
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jeffrey D Esko
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, UCSD, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Markus Glatzel
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - K Peter R Nilsson
- Department of Physics, Chemistry, and Biology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Christina J Sigurdson
- Department of Pathology, UCSD, La Jolla, California, USA.,Department of Medicine, UCSD, La Jolla, California, USA.,Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Microbiology, UCD, Davis, California, USA
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21
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Choudhury B, Verma A. Association of snoring caused by adenoid hyperplasia with behavioural disturbances in school children. Sleep Med 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2019.11.203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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22
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Choudhury B, Verma A. Surgical management of OSAHS - overcoming challenges in sleep surgery in a developing country. Sleep Med 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2019.11.204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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23
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Addison R, Hill L, Bode L, Robertson B, Choudhury B, Young D, Wright C, Relton C, Garcia AL, Tappin DM. Development of a biochemical marker to detect current breast milk intake. Matern Child Nutr 2019; 16:e12859. [PMID: 31216094 PMCID: PMC7038895 DOI: 10.1111/mcn.12859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The WHO recommends exclusive breastfeeding for 6 months, but despite interventions, breastfeeding rates remain stubbornly low. Financial voucher incentives have shown promise but require a biomarker for validation of intake. This study aimed to develop a simple biochemical assay of infant urine that would tell if an infant was receiving any breast milk to validate maternal report. Urine samples were collected and snap frozen from 34 infants attending with minor illness or feeding problems, of whom 12 infants were exclusively breastfed, nine exclusively formula fed, and 11 mixed breast/formula fed. High‐performance anion exchange chromatography was used to identify discriminating patterns of monosaccharide composition of unconjugated glycans in a sequence of three experiments. The absolute concentration of all human milk oligosaccharides measured blind could detect “any breastfeeding” only with a sensitivity of 48% and specificity of 78%. Unblinded examination of N‐acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) measured as GlcNH2 after hydrolysis of GlcNAc improved sensitivity to 75% at the expense of a specificity of 28%. Estimation of the relative abundance of GlcNH2 (GlcNH2[%]) or the ratio of GlcNH2 to endogenous mannose (Man) improved accuracy. In a further blind experiment, the GlcNH2/Man ratio with a cut‐off of 1.5 correctly identified all those receiving “any breast milk,” while excluding exclusively formula fed infants. The GlcNH2/Man ratio in infant urine is a promising test to provide biochemical confirmation of any breastfeeding for trials of breastfeeding promotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Addison
- NHS Ayrshire & Arran Primary Care Trust, Rainbow House Paediatric Unit, Ayrshire Central Hospital, Irvine, UK
| | - Lauren Hill
- General Paediatrics, Pinderfields General Hospital, Wakefield, UK
| | - Lars Bode
- Department of Pediatrics and Larsson-Rosenquist Foundation Mother-Milk-Infant Center of Research Excellence (LRF MOMI CORE), University of California, San Diego, California
| | - Bianca Robertson
- Department of Pediatrics and Larsson-Rosenquist Foundation Mother-Milk-Infant Center of Research Excellence (LRF MOMI CORE), University of California, San Diego, California
| | - Biswa Choudhury
- Glycoanalytical Core, Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California, San Diego, California
| | - David Young
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Charlotte Wright
- Section of Child Health, School of Medicine, Glasgow University, Glasgow, UK
| | - Clare Relton
- ScHARR, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.,Centre for Primary Care and Public Health, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Ada L Garcia
- Human Nutrition, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, Glasgow University, Glasgow, UK
| | - David M Tappin
- Section of Child Health, School of Medicine, Glasgow University, Glasgow, UK
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24
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Saha S, Coady A, Choudhury B, Chen X, Ram S, Nizet V, Varki A. Exploiting the molecular mimicry of Non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae with ketodeoxynonulosonic acid: Confusing the bacterium in its own game. The Journal of Immunology 2019. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.202.supp.190.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
The distinctly human mucosal commensal and opportunistic pathogen non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) is frequently responsible for acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in adults, and causes otitis media in infants. A key tool in this organism’s pathogenic arsenal is its ability to mimic glycans on human cells, which like all vertebrate cells, display diverse glycans with terminal 9-carbon-backbone monosaccharides called sialic acids. NTHi pathogenesis is related to its remarkably efficient uptake of trace amounts of free host N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac, the primary sialic acid in humans) allowing “cloaking” of surface glycans of lipooligosaccharides (LOS) with this monosaccharide. This helps evasion from host immune clearance by “self-mimicry”, while facilitating colonization and biofilm formation. Since the mechanism of NTHi sialic acid uptake evolved by convergent evolution and is not selective for Neu5Ac, we propose to exploit this mimicry using another sialic acid called 2-keto-3-deoxy-D-glycero-D-galacto-nononic acid (Kdn). While NTHi growth was unaffected by Kdn in media, we found glycosidically-bound Kdn in LOS, which made NTHi sensitive to human sera and whole blood killing. The role of sialylation in vivo was further explored using a novel mouse model, with a human-like sialic acid profile. This mouse showed better acute NTHi colonization of the respiratory tract following intranasal challenge compared to wild type mice. Since Kdn is a metabolic byproduct in humans and should be non-toxic, the possibility of using Kdn as a safe intervention against NTHi colonization and subsequent infection is currently being explored using this mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudeshna Saha
- 1Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, UCSD
- 2Glycobiology Research and Training Center, UCSD
| | - Alison Coady
- 2Glycobiology Research and Training Center, UCSD
- 3Department of Pediatrics, UCSD
| | - Biswa Choudhury
- 1Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, UCSD
- 2Glycobiology Research and Training Center, UCSD
| | - Xi Chen
- 4Univ. of California, Davis, Department of Chemistry
| | | | - Victor Nizet
- 2Glycobiology Research and Training Center, UCSD
- 3Department of Pediatrics, UCSD
| | - Ajit Varki
- 1Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, UCSD
- 2Glycobiology Research and Training Center, UCSD
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Looft T, Cai G, Choudhury B, Lai LX, Lippolis JD, Reinhardt TA, Sylte MJ, Casey TA. Avian Intestinal Mucus Modulates Campylobacter jejuni Gene Expression in a Host-Specific Manner. Front Microbiol 2019; 9:3215. [PMID: 30687245 PMCID: PMC6338021 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.03215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni is a leading cause of bacterial foodborne illness in humans worldwide. However, C. jejuni naturally colonizes poultry without causing pathology where it resides deep within mucus of the cecal crypts. Mucus may modulate the pathogenicity of C. jejuni in a species-specific manner, where it is pathogenic in humans and asymptomatic in poultry. Little is known about how intestinal mucus from different host species affects C. jejuni gene expression. In this study we characterized the growth and transcriptome of C. jejuni NCTC11168 cultured in defined media supplemented with or without mucus isolated from avian (chicken or turkey) or mammalian (cow, pig, or sheep) sources. C. jejuni showed substantially improved growth over defined media, with mucus from all species, showing that intestinal mucus was an energy source for C. jejuni. Seventy-three genes were differentially expressed when C. jejuni was cultured in avian vs. mammalian mucus. Genes associated with iron acquisition and resistance to oxidative stress were significantly increased in avian mucus. Many of the differentially expressed genes were flanked by differentially expressed antisense RNA asRNA, suggesting a role in gene regulation. This study highlights the interactions between C. jejuni and host mucus and the impact on gene expression, growth and invasion of host cells, suggesting important responses to environmental cues that facilitate intestinal colonization. IMPORTANCE Campylobacter jejuni infection of humans is an important health problem world-wide and is the leading bacterial cause of foodborne illnesses in U.S. The main route for exposure for humans is consumption of poultry meat contaminated during processing. C. jejuni is frequently found in poultry, residing within the mucus of the intestinal tract without causing disease. It is not clear why C. jejuni causes disease in some animals and humans, while leaving birds without symptoms. To understand its activity in birds, we characterized C. jejuni responses to poultry mucus to identify genes turned on in the intestinal tract of birds. We identified genes important for colonization and persistence within the poultry gut, turned on when C. jejuni was exposed to poultry mucus. Our findings are an important step in understanding how C. jejuni responds and interacts in the poultry gut, and may identify ways to reduce C. jejuni in birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torey Looft
- Food Safety and Enteric Pathogens Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Guohong Cai
- Crop Production and Pest Control Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Biswa Choudhury
- GlycoAnalytics Core, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Lisa X Lai
- Food Safety and Enteric Pathogens Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, Ames, IA, United States
| | - John D Lippolis
- Ruminant Diseases and Immunology Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, National Animal Disease Center, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Timothy A Reinhardt
- Ruminant Diseases and Immunology Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, National Animal Disease Center, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Matthew J Sylte
- Food Safety and Enteric Pathogens Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Thomas A Casey
- Food Safety and Enteric Pathogens Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, Ames, IA, United States
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Barman M, Deb D, Hassan M, Choudhury B. Review on the Role of Macular Edema in Retinopathy, Blindness and Automated Diagnosis Methods. EAI Endorsed Transactions on Pervasive Health and Technology 2018. [DOI: 10.4108/eai.17-3-2021.169034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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27
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Seekings AH, Slomka MJ, Russell C, Howard WA, Choudhury B, Nuñéz A, Löndt BZ, Cox W, Ceeraz V, Thorén P, Irvine RM, Manvell RJ, Banks J, Brown IH. Direct evidence of H7N7 avian influenza virus mutation from low to high virulence on a single poultry premises during an outbreak in free range chickens in the UK, 2008. Infect Genet Evol 2018; 64:13-31. [PMID: 29883773 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2018.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
H5 and H7 subtypes of low pathogenicity avian influenza viruses (LPAIVs) have the potential to evolve into highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAIVs), causing high mortality in galliforme poultry with substantial economic losses for the poultry industry. This study provides direct evidence of H7N7 LPAIV mutation to HPAIV on a single poultry premises during an outbreak that occurred in June 2008 in free range laying hens in Oxfordshire, UK. We report the first detection of a rare di-basic cleavage site (CS) motif (PEIPKKRGLF), unique to galliformes, that has previously been associated with a LPAIV phenotype. Three distinct HPAIV CS sequences (PEIPKRKKRGLF, PEIPKKKKRGLF and PEIPKKKKKKRGLF) were identified in the infected sheds suggesting molecular evolution at the outbreak premises. Further evidence for H7N7 LPAIV preceding mutation to HPAIV was derived by examining clinical signs, epidemiological descriptions and analysing laboratory results on the timing and proportions of seroconversion and virus shedding at each infected shed on the premises. In addition to describing how the outbreak was diagnosed and managed via statutory laboratory testing, phylogenetic analysis revealed reassortant events during 2006-2008 that suggested likely incursion of a wild bird origin LPAIV precursor to the H7N7 HPAIV outbreak. Identifying a precursor LPAIV is important for understanding the molecular changes and mechanisms involved in the emergence of HPAIV. This information can lead to understanding how and why only some H7 LPAIVs appear to readily mutate to HPAIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- A H Seekings
- Virology Department, Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA-Weybridge), Addlestone, Surrey KT15 3NB, United Kingdom.
| | - M J Slomka
- Virology Department, Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA-Weybridge), Addlestone, Surrey KT15 3NB, United Kingdom
| | - C Russell
- Virology Department, Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA-Weybridge), Addlestone, Surrey KT15 3NB, United Kingdom
| | - W A Howard
- Virology Department, Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA-Weybridge), Addlestone, Surrey KT15 3NB, United Kingdom
| | - B Choudhury
- Virology Department, Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA-Weybridge), Addlestone, Surrey KT15 3NB, United Kingdom
| | - A Nuñéz
- Pathology Department, Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA-Weybridge), Addlestone, Surrey KT15 3NB, United Kingdom
| | - B Z Löndt
- Virology Department, Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA-Weybridge), Addlestone, Surrey KT15 3NB, United Kingdom
| | - W Cox
- Virology Department, Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA-Weybridge), Addlestone, Surrey KT15 3NB, United Kingdom
| | - V Ceeraz
- Virology Department, Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA-Weybridge), Addlestone, Surrey KT15 3NB, United Kingdom
| | - P Thorén
- Swedish Agricultural University (SLU), Uppsala, Sweden
| | - R M Irvine
- Virology Department, Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA-Weybridge), Addlestone, Surrey KT15 3NB, United Kingdom
| | - R J Manvell
- Virology Department, Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA-Weybridge), Addlestone, Surrey KT15 3NB, United Kingdom
| | - J Banks
- Virology Department, Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA-Weybridge), Addlestone, Surrey KT15 3NB, United Kingdom
| | - I H Brown
- Virology Department, Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA-Weybridge), Addlestone, Surrey KT15 3NB, United Kingdom
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Choudhury B, Robinson D, Steinbach F. A63 Equine infectious anaemia virus in Great Britain: Molecular characterisation of cases from 1975 to 2012. Virus Evol 2018. [PMCID: PMC5905478 DOI: 10.1093/ve/vey010.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- B Choudhury
- Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA)—Weybridge, New Haw, Surrey KT15 3NB, UK
| | - D Robinson
- Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA)—Weybridge, New Haw, Surrey KT15 3NB, UK,University of Surrey (UNIS), Guildford Surrey GU2 7XH, UK
| | - F Steinbach
- Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA)—Weybridge, New Haw, Surrey KT15 3NB, UK,University of Surrey (UNIS), Guildford Surrey GU2 7XH, UK
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Wise A, Robertson B, Choudhury B, Rautava S, Isolauri E, Salminen S, Bode L. Infants Are Exposed to Human Milk Oligosaccharides Already in utero. Front Pediatr 2018; 6:270. [PMID: 30333965 PMCID: PMC6176122 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2018.00270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are complex carbohydrates that are highly abundant in and, in their complexity, unique to human milk. Accumulating evidence indicates that exposure to HMOs in the postnatal period affects immediate as well as long-term infant health and development. However, studies reported in the 1970s showed that HMOs already appear in maternal urine and blood during pregnancy and as early as the first trimester. In this pilot study we aimed to determine whether or not HMOs also appear in amniotic fluid. We enrolled women during pregnancy and collected their urine and amniotic fluid at birth as well as their milk 4 days postpartum. We analyzed the samples by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and mass spectrometry and identified several HMOs including 2'-fucosyllactose, 3-fucosyllactose, difucosyllactose, and 6'-sialyllactose to be present in different relative abundancies in all three tissues. This is the first report that HMOs appear in amniotic fluid and that the fetus is already exposed to HMOs in utero, warranting future research to investigate the immediate and long-term implications on fetal and infant health and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audra Wise
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States.,Rady Childrens Hospital San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Bianca Robertson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States.,Rady Childrens Hospital San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Biswa Choudhury
- Glycotechnology Core, Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Samuli Rautava
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Erika Isolauri
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Seppo Salminen
- Functional Foods Forum, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Lars Bode
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States.,Rady Childrens Hospital San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States.,Larsson-Rosenquist Foundation Mother-Milk-Infant Center of Research Excellence, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
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Affiliation(s)
| | - B. Choudhury
- Department of Anthropology, Gauhati University, Guwahati 781 014, Assam, India
| | | | - V.R. Rao
- Anthropological Survey of India, 27, JN Road, Kolkata 700 016, West Bengal, India
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31
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Naito-Matsui Y, Davies LRL, Takematsu H, Chou HH, Tangvoranuntakul P, Carlin AF, Verhagen A, Heyser CJ, Yoo SW, Choudhury B, Paton JC, Paton AW, Varki NM, Schnaar RL, Varki A. Physiological Exploration of the Long Term Evolutionary Selection against Expression of N-Glycolylneuraminic Acid in the Brain. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:2557-2570. [PMID: 28049733 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.768531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Revised: 12/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
All vertebrate cell surfaces display a dense glycan layer often terminated with sialic acids, which have multiple functions due to their location and diverse modifications. The major sialic acids in most mammalian tissues are N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) and N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc), the latter being derived from Neu5Ac via addition of one oxygen atom at the sugar nucleotide level by CMP-Neu5Ac hydroxylase (Cmah). Contrasting with other organs that express various ratios of Neu5Ac and Neu5Gc depending on the variable expression of Cmah, Neu5Gc expression in the brain is extremely low in all vertebrates studied to date, suggesting that neural expression is detrimental to animals. However, physiological exploration of the reasons for this long term evolutionary selection has been lacking. To explore the consequences of forced expression of Neu5Gc in the brain, we have established brain-specific Cmah transgenic mice. Such Neu5Gc overexpression in the brain resulted in abnormal locomotor activity, impaired object recognition memory, and abnormal axon myelination. Brain-specific Cmah transgenic mice were also lethally sensitive to a Neu5Gc-preferring bacterial toxin, even though Neu5Gc was overexpressed only in the brain and other organs maintained endogenous Neu5Gc expression, as in wild-type mice. Therefore, the unusually strict evolutionary suppression of Neu5Gc expression in the vertebrate brain may be explained by evasion of negative effects on neural functions and by selection against pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Naito-Matsui
- From the Departments of Medicine and Cellular and Molecular Medicine
| | - Leela R L Davies
- From the Departments of Medicine and Cellular and Molecular Medicine
| | - Hiromu Takematsu
- From the Departments of Medicine and Cellular and Molecular Medicine.,the Department of Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Hsun-Hua Chou
- From the Departments of Medicine and Cellular and Molecular Medicine
| | | | - Aaron F Carlin
- From the Departments of Medicine and Cellular and Molecular Medicine
| | - Andrea Verhagen
- From the Departments of Medicine and Cellular and Molecular Medicine
| | | | | | | | - James C Paton
- the Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide SA 5005, Australia
| | - Adrienne W Paton
- the Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide SA 5005, Australia
| | - Nissi M Varki
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0687
| | - Ronald L Schnaar
- Pharmacology and Neuroscience, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, and
| | - Ajit Varki
- From the Departments of Medicine and Cellular and Molecular Medicine, .,Glycobiology Research and Training Center, and
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32
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Deka DJ, Choudhury B, Talukdar P, Lo TQ, Das B, Nair SA, Moonan PK, Kumar AMV. What a difference a day makes: same-day vs. 2-day sputum smear microscopy for diagnosing tuberculosis. Public Health Action 2016; 6:232-236. [PMID: 28123959 DOI: 10.5588/pha.16.0062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Setting: Nine district-level microscopy centres in Assam and Tripura, India. Objective: Same-day sputum microscopy is now recommended for tuberculosis (TB) diagnosis. We compared this method against the conventional 2-day approach in routine programmatic settings. Methods: During October-December 2012, all adult presumptive TB patients were requested to provide three sputum samples (one at the initial visit, the second 1 h after the first sample, and the third the next morning) for examination by Ziehl-Neelsen smear microscopy. Detection of acid-fast bacilli with any sample was diagnostic. The first and second spot sample comprised the same-day approach, and the first spot sample and next-day sample comprised the 2-day approach. Results: Of 2168 presumptive TB patients, 403 (18.6%) were smear-positive according to the same-day method compared to 427 (19.7%) by the 2-day method (McNemar's test, P < 0.001). Of the total 429 TB patients, 26 (6.1%) were missed by the same-day method and 2 (0.5%) by the 2-day method. Conclusion: Same-day specimen collection for microscopy missed more TB than 2-day collection. In India, missing cases by using same-day microscopy would translate into a considerable absolute number, hindering TB control efforts. We question the indiscriminate switch to same-day diagnosis in settings where patients reliably return for testing the next day.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Deka
- World Health Organization Country Office for India, New Delhi, India
| | - B Choudhury
- Department of Health, Government of Assam, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - P Talukdar
- World Health Organization Country Office for India, New Delhi, India
| | - T Q Lo
- Division of Global HIV and Tuberculosis, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - B Das
- Department of Health, Government of Tripura, Agartala, Tripura, India
| | - S A Nair
- World Health Organization Country Office for India, New Delhi, India
| | - P K Moonan
- Division of Global HIV and Tuberculosis, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - A M V Kumar
- International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (The Union), Paris, France ; The Union, South-East Asia Office, New Delhi, India
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Steinbach F, Westcott D, Grierson S, Frossard J, McGowan S, Choudhury B. Re-emerging Equine Arteritis Virus (EAV) variants. J Equine Vet Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2016.02.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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34
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Robinson D, Steinbach F, Choudhury B. Molecular characterisation of British Equine Infectious Anaemia cases, 1975-2012. J Equine Vet Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2016.02.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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35
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Tang XX, Ostedgaard LS, Hoegger MJ, Moninger TO, Karp PH, McMenimen JD, Choudhury B, Varki A, Stoltz DA, Welsh MJ. Acidic pH increases airway surface liquid viscosity in cystic fibrosis. J Clin Invest 2016; 126:879-91. [PMID: 26808501 DOI: 10.1172/jci83922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) disrupts respiratory host defenses, allowing bacterial infection, inflammation, and mucus accumulation to progressively destroy the lungs. Our previous studies revealed that mucus with abnormal behavior impaired mucociliary transport in newborn CF piglets prior to the onset of secondary manifestations. To further investigate mucus abnormalities, here we studied airway surface liquid (ASL) collected from newborn piglets and ASL on cultured airway epithelia. Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching revealed that the viscosity of CF ASL was increased relative to that of non-CF ASL. CF ASL had a reduced pH, which was necessary and sufficient for genotype-dependent viscosity differences. The increased viscosity of CF ASL was not explained by pH-independent changes in HCO3- concentration, altered glycosylation, additional pH-induced disulfide bond formation, increased percentage of nonvolatile material, or increased sulfation. Treating acidic ASL with hypertonic saline or heparin largely reversed the increased viscosity, suggesting that acidic pH influences mucin electrostatic interactions. These findings link loss of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator-dependent alkalinization to abnormal CF ASL. In addition, we found that increasing Ca2+ concentrations elevated ASL viscosity, in part, independently of pH. The results suggest that increasing pH, reducing Ca2+ concentration, and/or altering electrostatic interactions in ASL might benefit early CF.
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Patra KP, Choudhury B, Matthias MM, Baga S, Bandyopadhya K, Vinetz JM. Comparative analysis of lipopolysaccharides of pathogenic and intermediately pathogenic Leptospira species. BMC Microbiol 2015; 15:244. [PMID: 26518696 PMCID: PMC4628369 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-015-0581-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) are complex, amphipathic biomolecules that constitute the major surface component of Gram-negative bacteria. Leptospira, unlike other human-pathogenic spirochetes, produce LPS, which is fundamental to the taxonomy of the genus, involved in host-adaption and also the target of diagnostic antibodies. Despite its significance, little is known of Leptospira LPS composition and carbohydrate structure among different serovars. Results LPS from Leptospira interrogans serovar Copenhageni strain L1-130, a pathogenic species, and L. licerasiae serovar Varillal strain VAR 010, an intermediately pathogenic species, were studied. LPS prepared from aqueous and phenol phases were analyzed separately. L. interrogans serovar Copenhageni has additional sugars not found in L. licerasiae serovar Varillal, including fucose (2.7 %), a high amount of GlcNAc (12.3 %), and two different types of dideoxy HexNAc. SDS-PAGE indicated that L. interrogans serovar Copenhageni LPS had a far higher molecular weight and complexity than that of L. licerasiae serovar Varillal. Chemical composition showed that L. interrogans serovar Copenhageni LPS has an extended O-antigenic polysaccharide consisting of sugars, not present in L. licerasiae serovar Varillal. Arabinose, xylose, mannose, galactose and L-glycero-D-mannoheptose were detected in both the species. Fatty acid analysis by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) showed the presence of hydroxypalmitate (3-OH-C16:0) only in L. interrogans serovar Copenhageni. Negative staining electron microscopic examination of LPS showed different filamentous morphologies in L. interrogans serovar Copenhageni vs. L. licerasiae serovar Varillal. Conclusions This comparative biochemical analysis of pathogenic and intermediately pathogenic Leptospira LPS reveals important carbohydrate and lipid differences that underlie future work in understanding the mechanisms of host-adaptation, pathogenicity and vaccine development in leptospirosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kailash P Patra
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Biomedical Research Facility, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, BRF 2, Room 5220, La Jolla, 92093-0760, California, USA.
| | - Biswa Choudhury
- Glycotechnology Core Resources, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, BRF 2, Room 4243, La Jolla, 92093-0687, California, USA.
| | - Michael M Matthias
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Biomedical Research Facility, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, BRF 2, Room 5220, La Jolla, 92093-0760, California, USA.
| | - Sheyenne Baga
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Biomedical Research Facility, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, BRF 2, Room 5220, La Jolla, 92093-0760, California, USA.
| | - Keya Bandyopadhya
- Glycotechnology Core Resources, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, BRF 2, Room 4243, La Jolla, 92093-0687, California, USA.
| | - Joseph M Vinetz
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Biomedical Research Facility, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, BRF 2, Room 5220, La Jolla, 92093-0760, California, USA.
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van Sorge NM, Cole JN, Kuipers K, Henningham A, Aziz RK, Kasirer-Friede A, Lin L, Berends ETM, Davies MR, Dougan G, Zhang F, Dahesh S, Shaw L, Gin J, Cunningham M, Merriman JA, Hütter J, Lepenies B, Rooijakkers SHM, Malley R, Walker MJ, Shattil SJ, Schlievert PM, Choudhury B, Nizet V. The classical lancefield antigen of group a Streptococcus is a virulence determinant with implications for vaccine design. Cell Host Microbe 2015; 15:729-740. [PMID: 24922575 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2014.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2014] [Revised: 04/15/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Group A Streptococcus (GAS) is a leading cause of infection-related mortality in humans. All GAS serotypes express the Lancefield group A carbohydrate (GAC), comprising a polyrhamnose backbone with an immunodominant N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) side chain, which is the basis of rapid diagnostic tests. No biological function has been attributed to this conserved antigen. Here we identify and characterize the GAC biosynthesis genes, gacA through gacL. An isogenic mutant of the glycosyltransferase gacI, which is defective for GlcNAc side-chain addition, is attenuated for virulence in two infection models, in association with increased sensitivity to neutrophil killing, platelet-derived antimicrobials in serum, and the cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide LL-37. Antibodies to GAC lacking the GlcNAc side chain and containing only polyrhamnose promoted opsonophagocytic killing of multiple GAS serotypes and protected against systemic GAS challenge after passive immunization. Thus, the Lancefield antigen plays a functional role in GAS pathogenesis, and a deeper understanding of this unique polysaccharide has implications for vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina M van Sorge
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.,Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht,3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jason N Cole
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.,Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland,QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Kirsten Kuipers
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Anna Henningham
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Ramy K Aziz
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University,11562 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ana Kasirer-Friede
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Leo Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Evelien T M Berends
- Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht,3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Mark R Davies
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland,QLD 4072, Australia.,The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, The Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, CB10 1SA,United Kingdom
| | - Gordon Dougan
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, The Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, CB10 1SA,United Kingdom
| | - Fan Zhang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Samira Dahesh
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Laura Shaw
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Jennifer Gin
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Madeleine Cunningham
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Joseph A Merriman
- Department of Microbiology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Julia Hütter
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Department of Biomolecular Systems, 14476 Potsdam, Germany.,Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Biology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernd Lepenies
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Department of Biomolecular Systems, 14476 Potsdam, Germany.,Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Biology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Suzan H M Rooijakkers
- Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht,3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Richard Malley
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Mark J Walker
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland,QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Sanford J Shattil
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Patrick M Schlievert
- Department of Microbiology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Biswa Choudhury
- Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Victor Nizet
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.,Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.,Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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Argade S, Chen T, Shaw T, Berecz Z, Shi W, Choudhury B, Parsons CL, Sur RL. An evaluation of Tamm-Horsfall protein glycans in kidney stone formers using novel techniques. Urolithiasis 2015; 43:303-12. [PMID: 25935139 DOI: 10.1007/s00240-015-0775-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Tamm-Horsfall protein (THP) is theorized to play a critical role in preventing kidney stone formation. There is conflicting literature on THP analysis in kidney stone patients; therefore, this study was conducted using sensitive and specific bio-analytical techniques to better understand differences in THP, which play a potential role in nephrolithiasis pathogenesis. THP was isolated from urine samples of 34 male and 19 female kidney stone patients and 30 male and 24 female control subjects using diatomaceous earth. Protein was quantified by Superdex-200 size-exclusion chromatography. Sialic acid was determined by 1,2-diamino-4,5-methylenedioxybenzene high-performance liquid chromatography. Neutral and amino sugars were determined by high pH anion-exchange chromatography (HPAEC) with pulsed amperometric detection. THP N-glycans were derivatized with 2-aminobenzamide (2-AB) and profiled by HPAEC with fluorescence detection. N-glycan structures were confirmed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). Results indicate that kidney stone patients had 32% lower protein content compared to controls, while sialic acid content was lower by 29 and 24% in male and female kidney stone patients, respectively, compared to controls. The neutral and amino sugars were also lower by 18 and 20% for male and female kidney stone patients, respectively, compared to controls. All results were statistically significant (p<0.001). These results are supported by 2-AB profiling of THP N-glycans and by MALDI-TOF MS of highly sialylated N-glycans in the range of m/z 3000-6000. This study demonstrates quantitative and qualitative differences in THP, which can be crucial contributing factors for nephrolithiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sulabha Argade
- Department of Urology, UC San Diego Health System, 200 West Arbor Drive #8897, San Diego, CA, 92103-8897, USA
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Steinbach F, Westcott DG, McGowan SL, Grierson SS, Frossard JP, Choudhury B. Re-emergence of a genetic outlier strain of equine arteritis virus: Impact on phylogeny. Virus Res 2014; 202:144-50. [PMID: 25527462 PMCID: PMC7172687 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2014.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Revised: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Re-emergence of a “historical” EAV strain. An updated EAV phylogeny scheme. Measures to improve EAV phylogenetic analysis through harmonization.
Equine arteritis virus (EAV) is the causative agent of equine viral arteritis (EVA), a respiratory and reproductive disease of equids, which is notifiable in some countries including the Great Britain (GB) and to the OIE. Herein, we present the case of a persistently infected stallion and the phylogenetic tracing of the virus strain isolated. Discussing EAV occurrence and phylogenetic analysis we review features, which may aid to harmonise and enhance the classification of EAV.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Steinbach
- Department of Virology, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Weybridge, Surrey KT15 3NB, United Kingdom
| | - D G Westcott
- Department of Virology, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Weybridge, Surrey KT15 3NB, United Kingdom
| | - S L McGowan
- Department of Virology, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Weybridge, Surrey KT15 3NB, United Kingdom
| | - S S Grierson
- Department of Virology, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Weybridge, Surrey KT15 3NB, United Kingdom
| | - J P Frossard
- Department of Virology, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Weybridge, Surrey KT15 3NB, United Kingdom
| | - B Choudhury
- Department of Virology, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Weybridge, Surrey KT15 3NB, United Kingdom.
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Affiliation(s)
- D G Westcott
- Department of Virology, Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA), Weybridge, Surrey, UK
| | - B Choudhury
- Department of Virology, Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA), Weybridge, Surrey, UK
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Henningham A, Yamaguchi M, Aziz RK, Kuipers K, Buffalo CZ, Dahesh S, Choudhury B, Van Vleet J, Yamaguchi Y, Seymour LM, Ben Zakour NL, He L, Smith HV, Grimwood K, Beatson SA, Ghosh P, Walker MJ, Nizet V, Cole JN. Mutual exclusivity of hyaluronan and hyaluronidase in invasive group A Streptococcus. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:32303-32315. [PMID: 25266727 PMCID: PMC4231703 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.602847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A recent analysis of group A Streptococcus (GAS) invasive infections in Australia has shown a predominance of M4 GAS, a serotype recently reported to lack the antiphagocytic hyaluronic acid (HA) capsule. Here, we use molecular genetics and bioinformatics techniques to characterize 17 clinical M4 isolates associated with invasive disease in children during this recent epidemiology. All M4 isolates lacked HA capsule, and whole genome sequence analysis of two isolates revealed the complete absence of the hasABC capsule biosynthesis operon. Conversely, M4 isolates possess a functional HA-degrading hyaluronate lyase (HylA) enzyme that is rendered nonfunctional in other GAS through a point mutation. Transformation with a plasmid expressing hasABC restored partial encapsulation in wild-type (WT) M4 GAS, and full encapsulation in an isogenic M4 mutant lacking HylA. However, partial encapsulation reduced binding to human complement regulatory protein C4BP, did not enhance survival in whole human blood, and did not increase virulence of WT M4 GAS in a mouse model of systemic infection. Bioinformatics analysis found no hasABC homologs in closely related species, suggesting that this operon was a recent acquisition. These data showcase a mutually exclusive interaction of HA capsule and active HylA among strains of this leading human pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Henningham
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093; School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences and The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia; Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Masaya Yamaguchi
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093; Department of Oral and Molecular Microbiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ramy K Aziz
- Systems Biology Research Group, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Kirsten Kuipers
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093; Department of Pediatrics, Laboratory of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Centre, 6500 HC Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Cosmo Z Buffalo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093
| | - Samira Dahesh
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093
| | - Biswa Choudhury
- Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093
| | - Jeremy Van Vleet
- Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093
| | - Yuka Yamaguchi
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093
| | - Lisa M Seymour
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences and The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia; Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Nouri L Ben Zakour
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences and The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia; Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Lingjun He
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, San Diego State University, San Diego, California 92182
| | - Helen V Smith
- Queensland Health Forensic and Scientific Services, Coopers Plains, Queensland 4108, Australia
| | - Keith Grimwood
- Queensland Children's Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland 4029, Australia, and
| | - Scott A Beatson
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences and The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia; Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Partho Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093
| | - Mark J Walker
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences and The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia; Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Victor Nizet
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093; Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, and University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093; Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, California 92123
| | - Jason N Cole
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093; School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences and The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia; Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia,.
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Mester I, Ernst L, Das BP, Choudhury B, Chowdhury DN. Ferric Chloride Induced Dehydrodimerization of Tetrahydrocarbazole. Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 2014. [DOI: 10.1515/znb-1984-0623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Ferric chloride induced dehydrodimerization of 1,2,3,4 -tetrahydro -9 H-carbazole (1) gives product 6 , the structure of which was established on the basis of its spectroscopic properties. The 1H and 13C chemical shifts of the aromatic part of 1, as well as of 4a-methyl-2,3,4,4a-tetrahydro-1 H-carbazole (7a) and 4a-phenyl-2,3,4,4a-tetrahydro-1H-carbazole (7b) have also been securely assigned.
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Affiliation(s)
- I. Mester
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Chemie der Universität Münster, Hittorfstraße 58 — 62, D-4400 Münster
| | - L. Ernst
- GBF — Gesellschaft für Biotechnologische Forschung mbH, Mascheroder Weg 1, D-3300 Braunschweig-Stöckheim
| | - B. P. Das
- Department of Chemistry, Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan 731235, West Bengal. India
| | - B. Choudhury
- Department of Chemistry, Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan 731235, West Bengal. India
| | - D. N. Chowdhury
- Department of Chemistry, Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan 731235, West Bengal. India
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Bergfeld A, Lawrence R, Diaz S, Pearce O, Vleet J, Esko J, Choudhury B, Varki A. Discovery of novel monosaccharides in animal glycans: natural occurrence of N‐glycolylhexosamines (607.6). FASEB J 2014. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.28.1_supplement.607.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Bergfeld
- Cellular and Molecular Medicine University of California, San DiegoLA JollaCAUnited States
| | - Roger Lawrence
- Medicine University of California, San DiegoLA JollaCAUnited States
| | - Sandra Diaz
- Cellular and Molecular Medicine University of California, San DiegoLA JollaCAUnited States
| | - Oliver Pearce
- Cellular and Molecular Medicine University of California, San DiegoLA JollaCAUnited States
| | - Jeremy Vleet
- Medicine University of California, San DiegoLA JollaCAUnited States
| | - Jeffrey Esko
- Medicine University of California, San DiegoLA JollaCAUnited States
| | - Biswa Choudhury
- Medicine University of California, San DiegoLA JollaCAUnited States
| | - Ajit Varki
- Cellular and Molecular Medicine University of California, San DiegoLA JollaCAUnited States
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Cole J, Sorge N, Kuipers K, Henningham A, Aziz R, Kasirer‐Friede A, Lin L, Berends E, Davies M, Dougan G, Zhang F, Dahesh S, Shaw L, Gin J, Cunningham M, Merriman J, Rooijakkers S, Malley R, Walker M, Shattil S, Schlievert P, Choudhury B, Nizet V. Genetics and virulence role of the classical group A Streptococcus Lancefield antigen (790.2). FASEB J 2014. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.28.1_supplement.790.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jason Cole
- UC San DiegoLA JollaCAUnited States
- University of QueenslandSt LuciaAustralia
| | - Nina Sorge
- University Medical Center Utrecht UtrechtNetherlands
| | | | - Anna Henningham
- UC San DiegoLA JollaCAUnited States
- University of QueenslandSt LuciaAustralia
| | | | | | - Leo Lin
- UC San DiegoLA JollaCAUnited States
| | | | | | - Gordan Dougan
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger InstituteCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Fan Zhang
- Boston Children's HospitalBOSTONMAUnited States
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Choudhury B, Finnegan C, Phillips A, Horigan M, Pollard T, Steinbach F. Detection of Bovine Leukaemia Virus Antibodies and Proviral DNA in Colostrum Replacers. Transbound Emerg Dis 2013; 62:e60-1. [DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B. Choudhury
- Department of Virology; Animal Health and Veterinary Laboratories Agency (AHVLA); Woodham Lane New Haw Surrey UK
| | - C. Finnegan
- Department of Virology; Animal Health and Veterinary Laboratories Agency (AHVLA); Woodham Lane New Haw Surrey UK
| | - A. Phillips
- Department of Virology; Animal Health and Veterinary Laboratories Agency (AHVLA); Woodham Lane New Haw Surrey UK
| | - M. Horigan
- Department of Virology; Animal Health and Veterinary Laboratories Agency (AHVLA); Woodham Lane New Haw Surrey UK
| | - T. Pollard
- Department of Virology; Animal Health and Veterinary Laboratories Agency (AHVLA); Woodham Lane New Haw Surrey UK
| | - F. Steinbach
- Department of Virology; Animal Health and Veterinary Laboratories Agency (AHVLA); Woodham Lane New Haw Surrey UK
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Ng KM, Ferreyra JA, Higginbottom SK, Lynch JB, Kashyap PC, Gopinath S, Naidu N, Choudhury B, Weimer BC, Monack DM, Sonnenburg JL. Microbiota-liberated host sugars facilitate post-antibiotic expansion of enteric pathogens. Nature 2013; 502:96-9. [PMID: 23995682 PMCID: PMC3825626 DOI: 10.1038/nature12503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 665] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2012] [Accepted: 07/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The human intestine, colonized by a dense community of resident microbes, is a frequent target of bacterial pathogens. Undisturbed, this intestinal microbiota provides protection from bacterial infections. Conversely, disruption of the microbiota with oral antibiotics often precedes the emergence of several enteric pathogens1–4. How pathogens capitalize upon the failure of microbiota-afforded protection is largely unknown. Here we show that two antibiotic-associated pathogens, Salmonella typhimurium and Clostridium difficile, employ a common strategy of catabolizing microbiota-liberated mucosal carbohydrates during their expansion within the gut. S. typhimurium accesses fucose and sialic acid within the lumen of the gut in a microbiota-dependent manner, and genetic ablation of the respective catabolic pathways reduces its competitiveness in vivo. Similarly, C. difficile expansion is aided by microbiota-induced elevation of sialic acid levels in vivo. Colonization of gnotobiotic mice with a sialidase-deficient mutant of the model gut symbiont Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron (Bt) reduces free sialic acid levels resulting in a downregulation of C. difficile’s sialic acid catabolic pathway and impaired expansion. These effects are reversed by exogenous dietary administration of free sialic acid. Furthermore, antibiotic treatment of conventional mice induces a spike in free sialic acid and mutants of both Salmonella and C. difficile that are unable to catabolize sialic acid exhibit impaired expansion. These data show that antibiotic-induced disruption of the resident microbiota and subsequent alteration in mucosal carbohydrate availability are exploited by these two distantly related enteric pathogens in a similar manner. This insight suggests new possibilities for therapeutic approaches for preventing diseases caused by antibiotic-associated pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharine M Ng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
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Choudhury B. Studies on the blood nicotine level in the oral and oropharyngeal cancers of habitual tobacco users. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2012; 50:230-2. [PMID: 23119424 DOI: 10.1007/bf03006997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- B Choudhury
- ASTE Council's Cancer Research Programme, Government of Assam
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48
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Jantscher-Krenn E, Zherebtsov M, Nissan C, Goth K, Guner YS, Naidu N, Choudhury B, Grishin AV, Ford HR, Bode L. The human milk oligosaccharide disialyllacto-N-tetraose prevents necrotising enterocolitis in neonatal rats. Gut 2012; 61:1417-25. [PMID: 22138535 PMCID: PMC3909680 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2011-301404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 263] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Necrotising enterocolitis (NEC) is one of the most common and fatal intestinal disorders in preterm infants. Breast-fed infants are at lower risk for NEC than formula-fed infants, but the protective components in human milk have not been identified. In contrast to formula, human milk contains high amounts of complex glycans. OBJECTIVE To test the hypothesis that human milk oligosaccharides (HMO) contribute to the protection from NEC. METHODS Since human intervention studies are unfeasible due to limited availability of HMO, a neonatal rat NEC model was used. Pups were orally gavaged with formula without and with HMO and exposed to hypoxia episodes. Ileum sections were scored blindly for signs of NEC. Two-dimensional chromatography was used to determine the most effective HMO, and sequential exoglycosidase digestions and linkage analysis was used to determine its structure. RESULTS Compared to formula alone, pooled HMO significantly improved 96-hour survival from 73.1% to 95.0% and reduced pathology scores from 1.98 ± 1.11 to 0.44 ± 0.30 (p<0.001). Within the pooled HMO, a specific isomer of disialyllacto-N-tetraose (DSLNT) was identified to be protective. Galacto-oligosaccharides, currently added to formula to mimic some of the effects of HMO, had no effect. CONCLUSION HMO reduce NEC in neonatal rats and the effects are highly structure specific. If these results translate to NEC in humans, DSLNT could be used to prevent or treat NEC in formula-fed infants, and its concentration in the mother's milk could serve as a biomarker to identify breast-fed infants at risk of developing this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn Jantscher-Krenn
- Division of Neonatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of California–San Diego, San Diego, California, USA,Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of California-San Diego, San Diego, California, USA,Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Graz, Austria
| | - Monica Zherebtsov
- Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of California-San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Caroline Nissan
- Division of Neonatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of California–San Diego, San Diego, California, USA,Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of California-San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Kerstin Goth
- Saban Research Institute, Children’s Hospital, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Yigit S Guner
- Saban Research Institute, Children’s Hospital, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Natasha Naidu
- Glycotechnology Core, University of California–San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Biswa Choudhury
- Glycotechnology Core, University of California–San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Anatoly V Grishin
- Saban Research Institute, Children’s Hospital, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Henri R Ford
- Saban Research Institute, Children’s Hospital, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Lars Bode
- Division of Neonatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of California–San Diego, San Diego, California, USA,Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of California-San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
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Bergfeld AK, Pearce OMT, Diaz SL, Lawrence R, Vocadlo DJ, Choudhury B, Esko JD, Varki A. Metabolism of vertebrate amino sugars with N-glycolyl groups: incorporation of N-glycolylhexosamines into mammalian glycans by feeding N-glycolylgalactosamine. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:28898-916. [PMID: 22692203 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.363499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The outermost positions of mammalian cell-surface glycans are predominantly occupied by the sialic acids N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) and N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc). To date, hydroxylation of CMP-Neu5Ac resulting in the conversion into CMP-Neu5Gc is the only known enzymatic reaction in mammals to synthesize a monosaccharide carrying an N-glycolyl group. In our accompanying paper (Bergfeld, A. K., Pearce, O. M., Diaz, S. L., Pham, T., and Varki, A. (2012) J. Biol. Chem. 287, jbc.M112.363549), we report a metabolic pathway for degradation of Neu5Gc, demonstrating that N-acetylhexosamine pathways are tolerant toward the N-glycolyl substituent of Neu5Gc breakdown products. In this study, we show that exogenously added N-glycolylgalactosamine (GalNGc) serves as a precursor for Neu5Gc de novo biosynthesis, potentially involving seven distinct mammalian enzymes. Following the GalNAc salvage pathway, UDP-GalNGc is epimerized to UDP-GlcNGc, which might compete with the endogenous UDP-GlcNAc for the sialic acid biosynthetic pathway. Using UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 2-epimerase/N-acetylmannosamine kinase-deficient cells, we confirm that conversion of GalNGc into Neu5Gc depends on this key enzyme of sialic acid biosynthesis. Furthermore, we demonstrate by mass spectrometry that the metabolic intermediates UDP-GalNGc and UDP-GlcNGc serve as substrates for assembly of most major classes of cellular glycans. We show for the first time incorporation of GalNGc and GlcNGc into chondroitin/dermatan sulfates and heparan sulfates, respectively. As demonstrated by structural analysis, N-glycolylated hexosamines were found in cellular gangliosides and incorporated into Chinese hamster ovary cell O-glycans. Remarkably, GalNAc derivatives altered the overall O-glycosylation pattern as indicated by the occurrence of novel O-glycan structures. This study demonstrates that mammalian N-acetylhexosamine pathways and glycan assembly are surprisingly tolerant toward the N-glycolyl substituent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne K Bergfeld
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0687, USA
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Padler-Karavani V, Deng L, Garcia A, Karp F, Naidu N, Choudhury B, Varki N, Varki A. Expression of the tumor-associated antigen Neu5Gc-Sialyl-Tn in human carcinomas (74.6). The Journal of Immunology 2012. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.188.supp.74.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Altered glycosylation is prevalent on cancer cells, due to aberrant expression of glycosyltransferases, and frequently involving variations in sialylation patterns. In humans, this altered sialylation can also result from metabolic incorporation of dietary N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) that differs from the human sialic acid N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) by one oxygen atom. Neu5Gc is immunogenic in humans and anti-Neu5Gc antibodies can either promote tumor growth at low doses or cause tumor regression when administered in excess. Antibodies against Neu5Gcα2−6GalNAcα1-O-Ser/Thr (anti-Neu5Gc-Sialyl-Tn IgG) appear to be novel carcinoma biomarkers, but direct evidence for expression of this epitope on human carcinomas is lacking. This neo-sialoglycan resembles the well-known carcinoma-associated biomarker Sialyl-Tn, except that Neu5Ac is replaced with dietary Neu5Gc. Here, we characterize unique antibodies against Neu5Gc and Sialyl-Tn by sialoglycan-microarrays and use them for immunohistochemistry of human breast, prostate, ovary, colon and lung carcinomas revealing co-staining in some mucinous carcinomas. We also generate MUC1-Fc that is heavily glycosylated with Neu5Gc-Sialyl-Tn for affinity-purification of human anti-Neu5Gc-Sialyl-Tn-MUC1 IgG for further immunohistochemistry analysis. Finally, we report a mass spectrometry approach to analyze O-linked glycans from tissues to ultimately prove biomarker expression in positively-stained tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vered Padler-Karavani
- 1Cellular & Molecular Medicine,Glycobiology Research & Training Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Liwen Deng
- 2Pathology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Andrea Garcia
- 2Pathology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Felix Karp
- 2Pathology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Natasha Naidu
- 3Glycotechnology Core Resource, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Biswa Choudhury
- 3Glycotechnology Core Resource, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Nissi Varki
- 2Pathology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Ajit Varki
- 1Cellular & Molecular Medicine,Glycobiology Research & Training Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
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