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Askarian F, Tsai CM, Cordara G, Zurich RH, Bjånes E, Golten O, Vinther Sørensen H, Kousha A, Meier A, Chikwati E, Bruun JA, Ludviksen JA, Choudhury B, Trieu D, Davis S, Edvardsen PKT, Mollnes TE, Liu GY, Krengel U, Conrad DJ, Vaaje-Kolstad G, Nizet V. Immunization with lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase CbpD induces protective immunity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2301538120. [PMID: 37459522 PMCID: PMC10372616 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2301538120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) CbpD belongs to the lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs), a family of enzymes that cleave chitin or related polysaccharides. Here, we demonstrate a virulence role of CbpD in PA pneumonia linked to impairment of host complement function and opsonophagocytic clearance. Following intratracheal challenge, a PA ΔCbpD mutant was more easily cleared and produced less mortality than the wild-type parent strain. The x-ray crystal structure of the CbpD LPMO domain was solved to subatomic resolution (0.75Å) and its two additional domains modeled by small-angle X-ray scattering and Alphafold2 machine-learning algorithms, allowing structure-based immune epitope mapping. Immunization of naive mice with recombinant CbpD generated high IgG antibody titers that promoted human neutrophil opsonophagocytic killing, neutralized enzymatic activity, and protected against lethal PA pneumonia and sepsis. IgG antibodies generated against full-length CbpD or its noncatalytic M2+CBM73 domains were opsonic and protective, even in previously PA-exposed mice, while antibodies targeting the AA10 domain were not. Preexisting antibodies in PA-colonized cystic fibrosis patients primarily target the CbpD AA10 catalytic domain. Further exploration of LPMO family proteins, present across many clinically important and antibiotic-resistant human pathogens, may yield novel and effective vaccine antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Askarian
- Division of Host-Microbe Systems & Therapeutics, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Chih-Ming Tsai
- Division of Host-Microbe Systems & Therapeutics, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Gabriele Cordara
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, N-0315 Oslo, Norway
| | - Raymond H Zurich
- Division of Host-Microbe Systems & Therapeutics, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Elisabet Bjånes
- Division of Host-Microbe Systems & Therapeutics, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Ole Golten
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, N-1432 Ås, Norway
| | | | - Armin Kousha
- Division of Host-Microbe Systems & Therapeutics, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Angela Meier
- Division of Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Elvis Chikwati
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, N-1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Jack-Ansgar Bruun
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Core Facility, Department of Medical Biology, The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | | | - Biswa Choudhury
- Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Desmond Trieu
- Division of Host-Microbe Systems & Therapeutics, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
- School of Pharmacy, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Stanley Davis
- Division of Host-Microbe Systems & Therapeutics, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | | | - Tom Eirik Mollnes
- Research Laboratory, Nordland Hospital, N-8005 Bodø, Norway
- Department of Immunology, University of Oslo Hospital, N-0424 Oslo, Norway
- Center of Molecular Inflammation Research, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - George Y Liu
- Division of Host-Microbe Systems & Therapeutics, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Ute Krengel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, N-0315 Oslo, Norway
| | - Douglas J Conrad
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Gustav Vaaje-Kolstad
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, N-1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Victor Nizet
- Division of Host-Microbe Systems & Therapeutics, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
- Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
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Jalali MT, Sarikhani Y, Askarian F, Marzaleh MA, Najibi SM, Delavari S. Factors facilitating and inhibiting the social participation of the elderly in health-oriented activities in Shiraz, Southern Iran. BMC Geriatr 2023; 23:175. [PMID: 36973677 PMCID: PMC10042408 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-023-03892-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The social participation (SP) of the elderly is one of the factors that contribute to the improvement of their well-being. SP, one of the most important factors of active ageing, is mainly influenced by a number of facilitating or inhibiting factors. AIMS This study aimed to identify the factors that prevent and facilitate the SP of the elderly population in Iran. METHODS A cross-sectional study carried out in Shiraz, southern Iran in 2021. Participants were selected using a convenience sampling method. Shiraz is divided into 11 districts and the largest park in each district is selected for data gathering. The questionnaires were completed by 612 people aged over 60. Data were collected using the Canadian Elderly Survey Project scale and a health-related lifestyle questionnaire and were analyzed using t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation, and ANCOVA. RESULTS The mean SP score of the elderly in Shiraz was 24.2 out of 60, which is below the midpoint. The results of the covariance analysis revealed that the SP had a significant relationship with the experience of physician consultation, cost barriers, age, marital status, income level, and education level (P < 0.001). Moreover, the results of Pearson correlation revealed a significant correlation between SP and different dimensions of health-oriented activities (< 0.001). CONCLUSIONS This study revealed that the main barriers to older people's participation in health-related activities are cost and access barriers, such as transportation issues. Moreover, higher income level and higher educational attainment have been recognized as the main facilitators of SP in the elderly. In this regard, it can be suggested to apply a combination of health promotion strategies, financial support programs, and development of optimal transportation infrastructure to increase the SP of the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzie Tajik Jalali
- Health Human Resources Research Center, School of Health Management and Information Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Yaser Sarikhani
- Research Center for Social Determinants of Health, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Askarian
- Health Human Resources Research Center, School of Health Management and Information Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Milad Ahmadi Marzaleh
- Department of Health in Disasters and Emergencies, Health Human Resources Research Center, School of Health Management and Information sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Seyede Maryam Najibi
- Health Human Resources Research Center, School of Health Management and Information Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Sajad Delavari
- Health Human Resources Research Center, School of Health Management and Information Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Skåne A, Edvardsen PK, Cordara G, Loose JSM, Leitl KD, Krengel U, Sørum H, Askarian F, Vaaje-Kolstad G. Chitinolytic enzymes contribute to the pathogenicity of Aliivibrio salmonicida LFI1238 in the invasive phase of cold-water vibriosis. BMC Microbiol 2022; 22:194. [PMID: 35941540 PMCID: PMC9361615 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-022-02590-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Aliivibrio salmonicida is the causative agent of cold-water vibriosis in salmonids (Oncorhynchus mykiss and Salmo salar L.) and gadidae (Gadus morhua L.). Virulence-associated factors that are essential for the full spectrum of A. salmonicida pathogenicity are largely unknown. Chitin-active lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs) have been indicated to play roles in both chitin degradation and virulence in a variety of pathogenic bacteria but are largely unexplored in this context. Results In the present study we investigated the role of LPMOs in the pathogenicity of A. salmonicida LFI238 in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.). In vivo challenge experiments using isogenic deletion mutants of the two LPMOs encoding genes AsLPMO10A and AsLPMO10B, showed that both LPMOs, and in particular AsLPMO10B, were important in the invasive phase of cold-water vibriosis. Crystallographic analysis of the AsLPMO10B AA10 LPMO domain (to 1.4 Å resolution) revealed high structural similarity to viral fusolin, an LPMO known to enhance the virulence of insecticidal agents. Finally, exposure to Atlantic salmon serum resulted in substantial proteome re-organization of the A. salmonicida LPMO deletion variants compared to the wild type strain, indicating the struggle of the bacterium to adapt to the host immune components in the absence of the LPMOs. Conclusion The present study consolidates the role of LPMOs in virulence and demonstrates that such enzymes may have more than one function.
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12866-022-02590-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Skåne
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Ås, Norway
| | - Per Kristian Edvardsen
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Ås, Norway
| | - Gabriele Cordara
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, Blindern, P.O. Box 1033, NO-0315, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jennifer Sarah Maria Loose
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Ås, Norway
| | - Kira Daryl Leitl
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, Blindern, P.O. Box 1033, NO-0315, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ute Krengel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, Blindern, P.O. Box 1033, NO-0315, Oslo, Norway
| | - Henning Sørum
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Oslo, Norway
| | - Fatemeh Askarian
- Division of Host-Microbe Systems & Therapeutics, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, UC San Diego, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, USA.
| | - Gustav Vaaje-Kolstad
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Ås, Norway.
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Skåne A, Loose JSM, Vaaje-Kolstad G, Askarian F. Comparative proteomic profiling reveals specific adaption of Vibrio anguillarum to oxidative stress, iron deprivation and humoral components of innate immunity. J Proteomics 2022; 251:104412. [PMID: 34737109 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2021.104412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The gram-negative bacterium Vibrio (Listonella) anguillarum (VA) is the causative agent of vibriosis, a terminal hemorrhagic septicemia affecting the aquacultural industry across the globe. In the current study we used label-free quantitative proteomics to investigate how VA adapts to conditions that mimic defined aspects of vibriosis-related stress such as exposure to oxidative stress (H2O2), exposure to humoral factors of innate immunity through incubation with Atlantic salmon serum, and iron deprivation upon supplementation of 2,2'-dipyridyl (DIP) to the growth medium. We also investigated how regulation of virulence factors may be governed by the VA growth phase and availability of nutrients. All experimental conditions explored revealed stress-specific proteomic adaption of VA and only nine proteins were found to be commonly regulated in all conditions. A general observation made for all stress-related conditions was regulation of multiple metabolic pathways. Notably, iron deprivation and exposure to Atlantic salmon serum evoked upregulation of iron acquisition mechanisms. The findings made in the present study represent a source of potential virulence determinants that can be of use in the search for means to understand vibriosis. SIGNIFICANCE: Vibriosis in fish and shellfish caused by V. anguillarum (VA) is responsible for large economic losses in the aquaculture sector across the globe. However, not much is known about the defense mechanism of this pathogen to percept and adapt to the imposed stresses during infection. Analyzing the response of VA to multiple host-related physiochemical stresses, the quantitative proteomic analysis of the present study indicates modulation of several virulence determinants and key defense networks of this pathogen. Our findings provide a theoretical basis to enhance our understanding of VA pathogenesis and can be employed to improve current intervention strategies to control vibriosis in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Skåne
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Ås, Norway
| | - Jennifer S M Loose
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Ås, Norway
| | - Gustav Vaaje-Kolstad
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Ås, Norway.
| | - Fatemeh Askarian
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Ås, Norway; Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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Kumaraswamy M, Wiull K, Joshi B, Sakoulas G, Kousha A, Vaaje-Kolstad G, Johannessen M, Hegstad K, Nizet V, Askarian F. Bacterial Membrane-Derived Vesicles Attenuate Vancomycin Activity against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9102055. [PMID: 34683376 PMCID: PMC8539228 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9102055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has evolved numerous antimicrobial resistance mechanisms and is identified as a serious public health threat by the World Health Organization and U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The glycopeptide vancomycin (VAN) remains a cornerstone of therapy for severe MRSA infections despite increasing reports of therapeutic failure in hospitalized patients with bacteremia or pneumonia. Recently, the role of released bacterial-derived membrane vesicles (MVs) in antibiotic resistance has garnered attention. Here we examined the effect of exogenous MRSA-derived MVs on VAN activity against MRSA in vitro, using minimum inhibitory concentration and checkerboard assays, and ex vivo, incorporating components of host innate immunity such as neutrophils and serum complement present in blood. Additionally, the proteome of MVs from VAN-exposed MRSA was characterized to determine if protein expression was altered. The presence of MVs increased the VAN MIC against MRSA to values where clinical failure is commonly observed. Furthermore, the presence of MVs increased survival of MRSA pre-treated with sub-MIC concentrations of VAN in whole blood and upon exposure to human neutrophils but not human serum. Unbiased proteomic analysis also showed an elevated expression of MV proteins associated with antibiotic resistance (e.g., marR) or proteins that are functionally linked to cell membrane/wall metabolism. Together, our findings indicate MRSA-derived MVs are capable of lowering susceptibility of the pathogen to VAN, whole-blood- and neutrophil-mediated killing, a new pharmacodynamic consideration for a drug increasingly linked to clinical treatment failures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Kumaraswamy
- Infectious Diseases Section, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Collaborative to Halt Antibiotic Resistant Microbes (CHARM), University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA;
- Correspondence: (M.K.); (F.A.)
| | - Kamilla Wiull
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 1433 Ås, Norway; (K.W.); (G.V.-K.)
| | - Bishnu Joshi
- Research Group for Host-Microbe Interactions, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway; (B.J.); (M.J.); (K.H.)
| | - George Sakoulas
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (G.S.); (A.K.)
| | - Armin Kousha
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (G.S.); (A.K.)
| | - Gustav Vaaje-Kolstad
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 1433 Ås, Norway; (K.W.); (G.V.-K.)
| | - Mona Johannessen
- Research Group for Host-Microbe Interactions, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway; (B.J.); (M.J.); (K.H.)
| | - Kristin Hegstad
- Research Group for Host-Microbe Interactions, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway; (B.J.); (M.J.); (K.H.)
- Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Detection of Antimicrobial Resistance, University Hospital of North-Norway, 9038 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Victor Nizet
- Collaborative to Halt Antibiotic Resistant Microbes (CHARM), University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA;
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (G.S.); (A.K.)
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Fatemeh Askarian
- Research Group for Host-Microbe Interactions, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway; (B.J.); (M.J.); (K.H.)
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (G.S.); (A.K.)
- Correspondence: (M.K.); (F.A.)
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Askarian F, Firoozi Z, Ebadollahi-Natanzi A, Bahrami S, Rahimi HR. A review on the pharmacokinetic properties and toxicity considerations for chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine to potentially treat coronavirus patients. Toxicol Res 2021; 38:137-148. [PMID: 34306523 PMCID: PMC8286988 DOI: 10.1007/s43188-021-00101-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 virus, caused a novel emerged coronavirus disease, is growing rapidly worldwide. Few studies have evaluated the efficacy and safety of Chloroquine (CQ), an old antimalarial drug, and Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) in the treatment of COVID-19 infection. HCQ is derived from CQ by adding a hydroxyl group into it and is a less toxic derivative of CQ for the treatment of COVID-19 infection because it is more soluble. This article summarizes pharmacokinetic properties and toxicity considerations for CQ and HCQ, drug interactions, and their potential efficacy against COVID-19. The authors also look at the biochemistry changes and clinical uses of CQ and HCQ, and supportive treatments following toxicity occurs. It was believed that CQ and HCQ may provide few benefits to COVID-19 patients. A number of factors should be considered to keep the drug safe, such as dose, in vivo animal toxicological findings, and gathering of metabolites in plasma and/or tissues. The main conclusion of this review is that CQ and HCQ with considered to their ADMET properties has major shortcomings and fully irresponsible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Askarian
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Zahra Firoozi
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Alireza Ebadollahi-Natanzi
- Medicinal Plants Department, Imam Khomeini Higher Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | - Solmaz Bahrami
- Department of Institutional Research, Westcliff University, Irvine, CA 92614 USA
| | - Hamid-Reza Rahimi
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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Askarian F, Uchiyama S, Masson H, Sørensen HV, Golten O, Bunæs AC, Mekasha S, Røhr ÅK, Kommedal E, Ludviksen JA, Arntzen MØ, Schmidt B, Zurich RH, van Sorge NM, Eijsink VGH, Krengel U, Mollnes TE, Lewis NE, Nizet V, Vaaje-Kolstad G. The lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase CbpD promotes Pseudomonas aeruginosa virulence in systemic infection. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1230. [PMID: 33623002 PMCID: PMC7902821 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21473-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The recently discovered lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs), which cleave polysaccharides by oxidation, have been associated with bacterial virulence, but supporting functional data is scarce. Here we show that CbpD, the LPMO of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, is a chitin-oxidizing virulence factor that promotes survival of the bacterium in human blood. The catalytic activity of CbpD was promoted by azurin and pyocyanin, two redox-active virulence factors also secreted by P. aeruginosa. Homology modeling, molecular dynamics simulations, and small angle X-ray scattering indicated that CbpD is a monomeric tri-modular enzyme with flexible linkers. Deletion of cbpD rendered P. aeruginosa unable to establish a lethal systemic infection, associated with enhanced bacterial clearance in vivo. CbpD-dependent survival of the wild-type bacterium was not attributable to dampening of pro-inflammatory responses by CbpD ex vivo or in vivo. Rather, we found that CbpD attenuates the terminal complement cascade in human serum. Studies with an active site mutant of CbpD indicated that catalytic activity is crucial for virulence function. Finally, profiling of the bacterial and splenic proteomes showed that the lack of this single enzyme resulted in substantial re-organization of the bacterial and host proteomes. LPMOs similar to CbpD occur in other pathogens and may have similar immune evasive functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Askarian
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Ås, Norway.
| | - Satoshi Uchiyama
- Division of Host-Microbe Systems & Therapeutics, Department of Pediatrics, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Helen Masson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Ole Golten
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Ås, Norway
| | - Anne Cathrine Bunæs
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Ås, Norway
| | - Sophanit Mekasha
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Ås, Norway
| | - Åsmund Kjendseth Røhr
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Ås, Norway
| | - Eirik Kommedal
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Ås, Norway
| | | | - Magnus Ø Arntzen
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Ås, Norway
| | - Benjamin Schmidt
- Division of Host-Microbe Systems & Therapeutics, Department of Pediatrics, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Raymond H Zurich
- Division of Host-Microbe Systems & Therapeutics, Department of Pediatrics, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Nina M van Sorge
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Reference Laboratory for Bacterial Meningitis, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Vincent G H Eijsink
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Ås, Norway
| | - Ute Krengel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tom Eirik Mollnes
- Research Laboratory, Nordland Hospital, Bodø, Norway
- K.G. Jebsen TREC, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT- The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, and K.G. Jebsen IRC, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Center of Molecular Inflammation Research, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Nathan E Lewis
- Division of Host-Microbe Systems & Therapeutics, Department of Pediatrics, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability at UC San Diego, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Victor Nizet
- Division of Host-Microbe Systems & Therapeutics, Department of Pediatrics, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | - Gustav Vaaje-Kolstad
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Ås, Norway.
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Joshi B, Singh B, Nadeem A, Askarian F, Wai SN, Johannessen M, Hegstad K. Transcriptome Profiling of Staphylococcus aureus Associated Extracellular Vesicles Reveals Presence of Small RNA-Cargo. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 7:566207. [PMID: 33521050 PMCID: PMC7838569 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2020.566207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial extracellular vesicles (EVs) have a vital role in bacterial pathogenesis. However, to date, the small RNA-cargo of EVs released by the opportunistic pathogen Staphylococcus aureus has not been characterized. Here, we shed light on the association of small RNAs with EVs secreted by S. aureus MSSA476 cultured in iron-depleted bacteriologic media supplemented with a subinhibitory dosage of vancomycin to mimic infection condition. Confocal microscopy analysis on intact RNase-treated EVs indicated that RNA is associated with EV particles. Transcriptomic followed by bioinformatics analysis of EV-associated RNA revealed the presence of potential gene regulatory small RNAs and high levels of tRNAs. Among the EV-associated enriched small RNAs were SsrA, RsaC and RNAIII. Our finding invites new insights into the potential role of EV-associated RNA as a modulator of host-pathogen interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bishnu Joshi
- Department of Medical Biology, Research Group for Host-Microbe Interactions, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Bhupender Singh
- Department of Medical Biology, Research Group for Host-Microbe Interactions, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Aftab Nadeem
- Umeå Centre for Microbial Research (UCMR), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Fatemeh Askarian
- Department of Medical Biology, Research Group for Host-Microbe Interactions, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.,Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, The Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Ås, Norway
| | - Sun Nyunt Wai
- Umeå Centre for Microbial Research (UCMR), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Mona Johannessen
- Department of Medical Biology, Research Group for Host-Microbe Interactions, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Kristin Hegstad
- Department of Medical Biology, Research Group for Host-Microbe Interactions, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.,Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Detection of Antimicrobial Resistance, Department of Microbiology and Infection Control, University Hospital of North-Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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9
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Zabihi M, Askarian F, Hekmatimoghaddam S, Zabihi MS, Vahidi F. Combination of atorvastatin and gemfibrozil plus physical activity: an animal model of statin/fibrate-induced myopathy. Somatosens Mot Res 2020; 38:90-94. [PMID: 33263458 DOI: 10.1080/08990220.2020.1846514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Drug-induced myopathy is among the most common causes of muscle disease. Lipid-lowering drugs, primarily the statins as inhibitors of the enzyme 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase, are a common cause of myopathy. Statin-fibrate combination potentially increases risk for myopathy and rhabdomyolysis. Blood levels of the enzymes creatine kinase (CK), aldolase and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) increase during myopathy. Exercise may be a trigger for statin-associated muscle symptoms (SAMS). METHODS In this study a model of myopathy induction was designed via combination of oral atorvastatin, gemfibrozil and exercise for ten days in rats. To maximise exercise, the rats were placed in a pool of water and allowed to swim before sinking in the last three days. Finally, the mean of swimming tolerance times and blood levels of creatine kinase, aldolase and lactate dehydrogenase were measured. RESULTS The results showed a significantly (p < 0.05) decreased swimming tolerance time and elevated enzyme levels in rats receiving atorvastatin (ATV) and gemfibrozil (GMF) plus exercise compared with those rats in other groups. This animal model can be used to evaluate the effects of medication on reduction of statin/fibrate-induced myopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Zabihi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Askarian
- School of Pharmacy, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Seyedhossein Hekmatimoghaddam
- Department of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, School of Paramedicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | | | - Firouzeh Vahidi
- School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
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10
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Mekasha S, Tuveng TR, Askarian F, Choudhary S, Schmidt-Dannert C, Niebisch A, Modregger J, Vaaje-Kolstad G, Eijsink VGH. A trimodular bacterial enzyme combining hydrolytic activity with oxidative glycosidic bond cleavage efficiently degrades chitin. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:9134-9146. [PMID: 32398257 PMCID: PMC7335802 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.013040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Findings from recent studies have indicated that enzymes containing more than one catalytic domain may be particularly powerful in the degradation of recalcitrant polysaccharides such as chitin and cellulose. Some known multicatalytic enzymes contain several glycoside hydrolase domains and one or more carbohydrate-binding modules (CBMs). Here, using bioinformatics and biochemical analyses, we identified an enzyme, Jd1381 from the actinobacterium Jonesia denitrificans, that uniquely combines two different polysaccharide-degrading activities. We found that Jd1381 contains an N-terminal family AA10 lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase (LPMO), a family 5 chitin-binding domain (CBM5), and a family 18 chitinase (Chi18) domain. The full-length enzyme, which seems to be the only chitinase produced by J. denitrificans, degraded both α- and β-chitin. Both the chitinase and the LPMO activities of Jd1381 were similar to those of other individual chitinases and LPMOs, and the overall efficiency of chitin degradation by full-length Jd1381 depended on its chitinase and LPMO activities. Of note, the chitin-degrading activity of Jd1381 was comparable with or exceeded the activities of combinations of well-known chitinases and an LPMO from Serratia marcescens Importantly, comparison of the chitinolytic efficiency of Jd1381 with the efficiencies of combinations of truncated variants-JdLPMO10 and JdCBM5-Chi18 or JdLPMO10-CBM5 and JdChi18-indicated that optimal Jd1381 activity requires close spatial proximity of the LPMO10 and the Chi18 domains. The demonstration of intramolecular synergy between LPMOs and hydrolytic enzymes reported here opens new avenues toward the development of efficient catalysts for biomass conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophanit Mekasha
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Tina Rise Tuveng
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Fatemeh Askarian
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Swati Choudhary
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Claudia Schmidt-Dannert
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | | | | | - Gustav Vaaje-Kolstad
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Vincent G H Eijsink
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway.
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11
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Hasani A, Barzegari S, Ghazisaeedi M, Askarian F, Jesmi A, Gandomani H. Hospital information system acceptance among the educational hospitals. J Nurs Midwifery Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.4103/jnms.jnms_8_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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12
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Cavanagh JP, Askarian F, Pain M, Bruun JA, Urbarova I, Wai SN, Schmidt F, Johannessen M. Proteome profiling of secreted and membrane vesicle associated proteins of an invasive and a commensal Staphylococcus haemolyticus isolate. Data Brief 2019; 22:914-919. [PMID: 30766906 PMCID: PMC6362860 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2018.11.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial membrane vesicles (MVs) mediate bacterial virulence by enabling secretion and long distance delivery of bacterial effector molecules. Staphylococcus haemolyticus has now been demonstrated to produce membrane vesicles (MVs). The protein content of S. haemolyticus MVs was identified by Mass spectrometry and compared to proteins identified in the total secretome. This information is presented in this data article. Further background and interpretation of the data can be found in the article: Comparative exoproteome profiling of an invasive and a commensal S. haemolyticus isolate (Cavanagh et al., in press). Data are available via Proteome Xchange with identifier PXD010389.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorunn Pauline Cavanagh
- Department of Paediatrics, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Paediatric Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Corresponding author at: Department of Paediatrics, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
| | - Fatemeh Askarian
- Research Group of Host Microbe interaction, Department of Medical Biology, UiT- The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), 1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Maria Pain
- Paediatric Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Jack-Ansgar Bruun
- Proteomics Platform Facility, Department of Medical Biology, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Ilona Urbarova
- Proteomics Platform Facility, Department of Medical Biology, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Sun Nyunt Wai
- Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, Sweden
| | - Frank Schmidt
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Proteomics Core, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, PO 24144, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mona Johannessen
- Research Group of Host Microbe interaction, Department of Medical Biology, UiT- The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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13
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Askarian F, Wagner T, Johannessen M, Nizet V. Staphylococcus aureus modulation of innate immune responses through Toll-like (TLR), (NOD)-like (NLR) and C-type lectin (CLR) receptors. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2018; 42:656-671. [PMID: 29893825 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuy025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Early recognition of pathogens by the innate immune system is crucial for bacterial clearance. Many pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) such as Toll-like (TLRs) and (NOD)-like (NLRs) receptors have been implicated in initial sensing of bacterial components. The intracellular signaling cascades triggered by these receptors result in transcriptional upregulation of inflammatory pathways. Although this step is crucial for bacterial elimination, it is also associated with the potential for substantial immunopathology, which underscores the need for tight control of inflammatory responses. The leading human bacterial pathogen Staphylococcus aureus expresses over 100 virulence factors that exert numerous effects upon host cells. In this manner, the pathogen seeks to avoid host recognition or perturb PRR-induced innate immune responses to allow optimal survival in the host. These immune system interactions may result in enhanced bacterial proliferation but also provoke systemic cytokine responses associated with sepsis. This review summarizes recent findings on the various mechanisms applied by S. aureus to modulate or interfere with inflammatory responses through PRRs. Detailed understanding of these complex interactions can provide new insights toward future immune-stimulatory therapeutics against infection or immunomodulatory therapeutics to suppress or correct dysregulated inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Askarian
- Research Group of Host Microbe Interaction, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway.,Division of Host-Microbe Systems & Therapeutics, Department of Pediatrics, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Theresa Wagner
- Research Group of Host Microbe Interaction, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Mona Johannessen
- Research Group of Host Microbe Interaction, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Victor Nizet
- Division of Host-Microbe Systems & Therapeutics, Department of Pediatrics, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.,Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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14
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Dongre M, Singh B, Aung KM, Larsson P, Miftakhova R, Persson K, Askarian F, Johannessen M, von Hofsten J, Persson JL, Erhardt M, Tuck S, Uhlin BE, Wai SN. Flagella-mediated secretion of a novel Vibrio cholerae cytotoxin affecting both vertebrate and invertebrate hosts. Commun Biol 2018; 1:59. [PMID: 30271941 PMCID: PMC6123715 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-018-0065-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Using Caenorhabditis elegans as an infection host model for Vibrio cholerae predator interactions, we discovered a bacterial cytotoxin, MakA, whose function as a virulence factor relies on secretion via the flagellum channel in a proton motive force-dependent manner. The MakA protein is expressed from the polycistronic makDCBA (motility-associated killing factor) operon. Bacteria expressing makDCBA induced dramatic changes in intestinal morphology leading to a defecation defect, starvation and death in C. elegans. The Mak proteins also promoted V. cholerae colonization of the zebrafish gut causing lethal infection. A structural model of purified MakA at 1.9 Å resolution indicated similarities to members of a superfamily of bacterial toxins with unknown biological roles. Our findings reveal an unrecognized role for V. cholerae flagella in cytotoxin export that may contribute both to environmental spread of the bacteria by promoting survival and proliferation in encounters with predators, and to pathophysiological effects during infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitesh Dongre
- Department of Molecular Biology and The Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS), Umeå University, SE-90187, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Bhupender Singh
- Department of Molecular Biology and The Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS), Umeå University, SE-90187, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Kyaw Min Aung
- Department of Molecular Biology and The Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS), Umeå University, SE-90187, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Per Larsson
- Department of Molecular Biology and The Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS), Umeå University, SE-90187, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Regina Miftakhova
- Department of Molecular Biology and The Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS), Umeå University, SE-90187, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Karina Persson
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, SE-901 87, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Fatemeh Askarian
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Medical Biology, Research group of Host-Microbe Interactions, UiT-The Artic University of Norway, 9037, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Mona Johannessen
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Medical Biology, Research group of Host-Microbe Interactions, UiT-The Artic University of Norway, 9037, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Jonas von Hofsten
- Umeå Centre for Molecular Medicine (UCMM), Umeå University, SE-90187, Umeå, Sweden.,Department of Integrative Medical Biology (IMB), Umeå University, SE-90187, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jenny L Persson
- Department of Molecular Biology and The Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS), Umeå University, SE-90187, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Marc Erhardt
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Simon Tuck
- Umeå Centre for Molecular Medicine (UCMM), Umeå University, SE-90187, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Bernt Eric Uhlin
- Department of Molecular Biology and The Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS), Umeå University, SE-90187, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Sun Nyunt Wai
- Department of Molecular Biology and The Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS), Umeå University, SE-90187, Umeå, Sweden.
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15
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Ajayi C, Åberg E, Askarian F, Sollid JUE, Johannessen M, Hanssen AM. Genetic variability in the sdrD gene in Staphylococcus aureus from healthy nasal carriers. BMC Microbiol 2018; 18:34. [PMID: 29661152 PMCID: PMC5902956 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-018-1179-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Staphylococcus aureus cell wall anchored Serine Aspartate repeat containing protein D (SdrD) is a member of the microbial surface component recognising adhesive matrix molecules (MSCRAMMs). It is involved in the bacterial adhesion and virulence. However the extent of genetic variation in S. aureus sdrD gene within isolates from healthy carriers are not known. The aim of this study was to evaluate allelic variation of the sdrD gene among S. aureus from healthy nasal carriers. Results The sdrD A region from 48 S. aureus isolates from healthy carriers were analysed and classified into seven variants. Variations in the sdrD A region were concentrated in the N2 and N3 subdomains. Sequence analysis of the entire sdrD gene of representative isolates revealed variations in the SD repeat and the EF motifs of the B repeat. In silico structural modelling indicates that there are no differences in the SdrD structure of the 7 variants. Variable amino acid residues mapped onto the 3D structure revealed that the variations are surface located, exist within the groove between the N2-N3 subdomains and distributed mainly on the N3 subdomain. Comparison of adhesion to keratinocytes in an in vitro cell adhesion assay, using NCTC 8325–4∆sdrD strains expressing the various sdrD gene variants, indicated a significant difference between only two complements while others showed no major difference in their adhesion. Conclusions This study provides evidence of sequence variations across the different domains of SdrD from S. aureus isolated from healthy nasal carriers. Proper understanding of these variations is necessary in the study of S. aureus pathogenesis. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12866-018-1179-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clement Ajayi
- Research group of Host-Microbe Interactions, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, 9037, Tromsø, Norway.
| | - Espen Åberg
- Research group of Host-Microbe Interactions, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, 9037, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Fatemeh Askarian
- Research group of Host-Microbe Interactions, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, 9037, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Johanna U E Sollid
- Research group of Host-Microbe Interactions, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, 9037, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Mona Johannessen
- Research group of Host-Microbe Interactions, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, 9037, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Anne-Merethe Hanssen
- Research group of Host-Microbe Interactions, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, 9037, Tromsø, Norway.
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16
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Askarian F, Lapek JD, Dongre M, Tsai CM, Kumaraswamy M, Kousha A, Valderrama JA, Ludviksen JA, Cavanagh JP, Uchiyama S, Mollnes TE, Gonzalez DJ, Wai SN, Nizet V, Johannessen M. Staphylococcus aureus Membrane-Derived Vesicles Promote Bacterial Virulence and Confer Protective Immunity in Murine Infection Models. Front Microbiol 2018. [PMID: 29515544 PMCID: PMC5826277 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus produces membrane-derived vesicles (MVs), which share functional properties to outer membrane vesicles. Atomic force microscopy revealed that S. aureus-derived MVs are associated with the bacterial surface or released into the surrounding environment depending on bacterial growth conditions. By using a comparative proteomic approach, a total of 131 and 617 proteins were identified in MVs isolated from S. aureus grown in Luria-Bertani and brain-heart infusion broth, respectively. Purified S. aureus MVs derived from the bacteria grown in either media induced comparable levels of cytotoxicity and neutrophil-activation. Administration of exogenous MVs increased the resistance of S. aureus to killing by whole blood or purified human neutrophils ex vivo and increased S. aureus survival in vivo. Finally, immunization of mice with S. aureus-derived MVs induced production of IgM, total IgG, IgG1, IgG2a, and IgG2b resulting in protection against subcutaneous and systemic S. aureus infection. Collectively, our results suggest S. aureus MVs can influence bacterial-host interactions during systemic infections and provide protective immunity in murine models of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Askarian
- Research Group of Host Microbe Interactions, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.,Division of Host-Microbe Systems and Therapeutics, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - John D Lapek
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Mitesh Dongre
- The Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden, Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Chih-Ming Tsai
- Division of Host-Microbe Systems and Therapeutics, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Monika Kumaraswamy
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Armin Kousha
- Research Group of Host Microbe Interactions, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.,Division of Host-Microbe Systems and Therapeutics, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - J Andrés Valderrama
- Division of Host-Microbe Systems and Therapeutics, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | | | - Jorunn P Cavanagh
- Department of Pediatrics and Neonatal Medicine, University Hospital of North Norway, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway.,Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Satoshi Uchiyama
- Division of Host-Microbe Systems and Therapeutics, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Tom E Mollnes
- Research Laboratory, Nordland Hospital, Bodø, Norway.,Faculty of Health Sciences, K. G. Jebsen Thrombosis Research and Expertise Center, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.,Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,K.G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Center for Molecular Inflammation Research, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - David J Gonzalez
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States.,Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Sun N Wai
- The Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden, Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Victor Nizet
- Division of Host-Microbe Systems and Therapeutics, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States.,Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Mona Johannessen
- Research Group of Host Microbe Interactions, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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17
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Sharifian R, Askarian F, Nematolahi M, Farhadi P. Factors influencing nurses' acceptance of hospital information systems in Iran: application of the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology. Health Inf Manag 2016; 43:23-8. [PMID: 27009793 DOI: 10.1177/183335831404300303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
User acceptance is a precondition for successful implementation of hospital information systems (HISs). Increasing investment in information technology by healthcare organisations internationally has made user acceptance an important issue in technology implementation and management. Despite the increased focus on hospital information systems, there continues to be user resistance. The present study aimed to investigate the factors affecting hospital information systems nurse-user acceptance of HISs, based on the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT), in the Shiraz University of Medical Sciences teaching hospitals. A descriptive-analytical research design was employed to study nurses' adoption and use of HISs. Data collection was undertaken using a cross-sectional survey of nurses (n=303). The research model was examined using the LISREL path confirmatory modeling. The results demonstrated that the nurses' behavioural intention (BI) to use hospital information systems was predicted by Performance Expectancy (PE) (β= 2.34, p<0.01), Effort Expectancy (EE) (β= 2.21, p<0.01), Social Influence (SI) (β= 2.63, p<0.01) and Facilitating Conditions (FC) (β= 2.84, p<0.01). The effects of these antecedents of BI explained 72.8% of the variance in nurses' intention to use hospital information systems (R2 = 0.728). Application of the research model suggested that nurses' acceptance of HISs was influenced by performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence and facilitating conditions, with performance expectancy having the strongest effect on user intention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxana Sharifian
- School of Management and Medical Information Sciences Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IRAN
| | - Fatemeh Askarian
- School of Management and Medical Information Sciences Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IRAN
| | - Mohtaram Nematolahi
- School of Management and Medical Information Sciences Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IRAN
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18
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Askarian F, Ajayi C, Hanssen AM, van Sorge NM, Pettersen I, Diep DB, Sollid JUE, Johannessen M. The interaction between Staphylococcus aureus SdrD and desmoglein 1 is important for adhesion to host cells. Sci Rep 2016; 6:22134. [PMID: 26924733 PMCID: PMC4770587 DOI: 10.1038/srep22134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is known as a frequent colonizer of the skin and mucosa. Among bacterial factors involved in colonization are adhesins such as the microbial surface components recognizing adhesive matrix molecules (MSCRAMMs). Serine aspartate repeat containing protein D (SdrD) is involved in adhesion to human squamous cells isolated from the nose. Here, we identify Desmoglein 1 (Dsg1) as a novel interaction partner for SdrD. Genetic deletion of sdrD in S. aureus NCTC8325-4 through allelic replacement resulted in decreased bacterial adherence to Dsg1- expressing HaCaT cells in vitro. Complementary gain-of-function was demonstrated by heterologous expression of SdrD in Lactococcus lactis, which increased adherence to HaCaT cells. Also ectopic expression of Dsg1 in HEK293 cells resulted in increased adherence of S. aureus NCTC8325-4 in vitro. Increased adherence of NCTC8325-4, compared to NCTC8325-4ΔsdrD, to the recombinant immobilized Dsg1 demonstrated direct interaction between SdrD and Dsg1. Specificity of SdrD interaction with Dsg1 was further verified using flow cytometry and confirmed binding of recombinant SdrD to HaCaT cells expressing Dsg1 on their surface. These data demonstrate that Dsg1 is a host ligand for SdrD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Askarian
- Research group of Host-Microbe Interactions, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT-The Artic University of Norway, Norway
| | - Clement Ajayi
- Research group of Host-Microbe Interactions, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT-The Artic University of Norway, Norway
| | - Anne-Merethe Hanssen
- Research group of Host-Microbe Interactions, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT-The Artic University of Norway, Norway
| | - Nina M van Sorge
- Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht 3584CX, The Netherlands
| | - Ingvild Pettersen
- Research group of Host-Microbe Interactions, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT-The Artic University of Norway, Norway
| | - Dzung B Diep
- Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Science, Ås, Norway
| | - Johanna U E Sollid
- Research group of Host-Microbe Interactions, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT-The Artic University of Norway, Norway
| | - Mona Johannessen
- Research group of Host-Microbe Interactions, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT-The Artic University of Norway, Norway
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Fredheim EGA, Flægstad T, Askarian F, Klingenberg C. Colonisation and interaction between S. epidermidis and S. aureus in the nose and throat of healthy adolescents. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2014; 34:123-129. [PMID: 25079512 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-014-2197-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Nasal colonisation with Staphylococcus aureus is a risk factor for developing nosocomial infections. It has been reported that S. epidermidis may produce a serine protease (Esp) inhibiting S. aureus biofilm formation and nasal colonisation. We aimed to analyse the correlation between S. aureus nasal and/or throat carriage and co-colonisation with S. epidermidis strains carrying esp, and the inhibitory effects of S. epidermidis culture supernatants on S. aureus biofilm formation and growth. We obtained 114 S. epidermidis isolates from the nose and 74 S. aureus from the nose and/or throat of healthy adolescents. S. aureus biofilm formation was analysed in a microtitre plate assay and the prevalence of ica, encoding biofilm formation, and esp was analysed with polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Inhibitory effects of S. epidermidis culture supernatants on S. aureus biofilm formation and growth was analysed in vitro. esp prevalence and expression was correlated with inhibitory effects. We detected biofilm formation in 45/74 (61%) S. aureus strains. The ica operon was more prevalent in isolates colonising the nose (12/15; 80%) versus isolates colonising the throat only (8/46; 17%). Almost two-thirds of S. epidermidis culture supernatants displayed high (≥ 50%) S. aureus biofilm inhibitory activity, without affecting growth. We found no correlation between the level of inhibitory activity and S. aureus colonisation. esp was ubiquitous in S. epidermidis, but esp expression did not correlate with biofilm inhibitory activity. S. epidermidis culture supernatants inhibit S. aureus biofilm formation, but do not affect bacterial growth. esp expression was not correlated with the inhibitory effects observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- E G A Fredheim
- Department of Paediatrics, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway. .,Paediatric Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway.
| | - T Flægstad
- Department of Paediatrics, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway.,Paediatric Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
| | - F Askarian
- Research Group for Host-Microbe Interactions, Department of Medical Biology, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
| | - C Klingenberg
- Department of Paediatrics, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway.,Paediatric Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
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Banerjee G, Ray AK, Askarian F, Ringø E. Characterisation and identification of enzyme-producing autochthonous bacteria from the gastrointestinal tract of two Indian air-breathing fish. Benef Microbes 2014; 4:277-84. [PMID: 23685371 DOI: 10.3920/bm2012.0051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Characterisation and identification of autochthonous enzyme-producing bacteria isolated from the proximal intestine and distal intestine of two species of Indian air-breathing fish, murrel (Channa punctatus) and stinging catfish (Heteropneustes fossilis), were investigated using conventional culture technique. Population levels of proteolytic strains were highest in the digestive tract of stinging catfish. In both species, the viable counts of amylase-producing bacteria were somewhat higher than cellulase-producing bacteria. Among the gut bacteria isolated, 8 strains (4 from murrel and 4 from stinging catfish) were selected as potent enzyme-producers on the basis of quantitative enzyme assays. All these strains were Gram-positive rods, but only four isolates (CPF4, CPH6, CPH7 and HFH4) were capable of forming endospores. The tested bacteria grew in wide range of temperatures and pH. The strains were further identified by 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. Two strains, CPF3 (isolated from murrel) and HFH4 (isolated from stinging catfish) showed high similarity to Bacillus sp., strain HFH7 (isolated from the stinging catfish) was most closely related to Bacillus subtilis, while five strains belonged to Bacillus licheniformis. Based on the results of the present study, we suggest that incorporation of autochthonous enzyme-producing bacteria in aquafeeds merits further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Banerjee
- Fisheries Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan 731 235, West Bengal, India
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Askarian F, van Sorge NM, Sangvik M, Beasley FC, Henriksen JR, Sollid JUE, van Strijp JAG, Nizet V, Johannessen M. A Staphylococcus aureus TIR domain protein virulence factor blocks TLR2-mediated NF-κB signaling. J Innate Immun 2014; 6:485-98. [PMID: 24481289 DOI: 10.1159/000357618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Signaling through Toll-like receptors (TLRs), crucial molecules in the induction of host defense responses, requires adaptor proteins that contain a Toll/interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) domain. The pathogen Staphylococcus aureus produces several innate immune-evasion molecules that interfere with the host's innate immune response. A database search analysis suggested the presence of a gene encoding a homologue of the human TIR domain in S. aureus MSSA476 which was named staphylococcal TIR domain protein (TirS). Ectopic expression of TirS in human embryonic kidney, macrophage and keratinocyte cell lines interfered with signaling through TLR2, including MyD88 and TIRAP, NF-κB and/or mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways. Moreover, the presence of TirS reduced the levels of cytokines MCP-1 and G-CSF secreted in response to S. aureus. The effects on NF-κB pathway were confirmed using S. aureus MSSA476 wild type, an isogenic mutant MSSA476ΔtirS, and complemented MSSA476ΔtirS +pTirS in a Transwell system where bacteria and host cells were physically separated. Finally, in a systematic mouse infection model, TirS promoted bacterial accumulation in several organs 4 days postinfection. The results of this study reveal a new S. aureus virulence factor that can interfere with PAMP-induced innate immune signaling in vitro and bacterial survival in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Askarian
- Research Group of Host-Microbe Interactions, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Artic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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Askarian F, Sangvik M, Hanssen AM, Snipen L, Sollid JUE, Johannessen M. Staphylococcus aureus nasal isolates from healthy individuals cause highly variable host cell responses in vitro: the Tromsø Staph and Skin Study. Pathog Dis 2013; 70:158-66. [PMID: 24115641 DOI: 10.1111/2049-632x.12099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2013] [Revised: 05/30/2013] [Accepted: 06/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies on Staphylococcus aureus populations colonizing the nasal cavity reveal that some bacterial strains are more common, while others are rarely found. This study included five isolates with the most common spa types and five isolates with rare spa types from healthy population. Selected phenotypic traits and genomic content among nasal S. aureus isolates were compared. Besides the rather similar growth rates, our data revealed a high diversity among isolates; that is, in biofilm formation, the ability to attach to and be internalized in keratinocytes as well as ability to induce pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. The results showed that S. aureus isolates from healthy hosts are phenotypically diverse and cause highly variable host cell responses. Therefore, generalizing the results from one S. aureus isolate to all is highly questionable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Askarian
- Research group of Host-Microbe Interactions, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
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Surendiran G, Goh C, Le K, Zhao Z, Askarian F, Othman R, Nicholson T, Moghadasian P, Wang YJ, Aliani M, Shen G, Beta T, Moghadasian MH. Wild rice (Zizania palustris L.) prevents atherogenesis in LDL receptor knockout mice. Atherosclerosis 2013; 230:284-92. [PMID: 24075758 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2013.07.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2013] [Revised: 07/06/2013] [Accepted: 07/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Dietary modifications including healthy eating constitute one of the first line strategies for prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors including high cholesterol and atherosclerosis. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the potential cardiovascular benefits of wild rice in male and female LDL-receptor-deficient (LDLr-KO) mice. METHODS Wild rice was used to create a semi-synthetic diet containing approximately 60% of total energy from carbohydrate. Two other experimental diets were similar in macronutrient composition, but containing either white rice or commercial carbohydrate sources. All diets were supplemented with 0.06% (w/w) dietary cholesterol. The mice were divided into six experimental groups and fed with these diets over 24 weeks. RESULTS Consumption of wild rice significantly reduced the size and severity of atherosclerotic lesions in the aortic roots of male and female mice by 71 and 61% respectively, compared to the control group of the same gender. This effect was associated with significant reductions of plasma cholesterol levels by 15 and 40%, low density lipoprotein (LDL) levels by 12 and 42%, and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) levels by 35 and 75% respectively, in male and female mice compared to the control group of the same gender. Increased fecal cholesterol excretion of up to 34% was also noted, compared to the control group of the same gender. However, the antiatherogenic effect of wild rice was not associated with increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities. CONCLUSION Current data suggest that cholesterol-lowering effects of wild rice may be the main factor for the prevention of atherogenesis in LDLr-KO mice. Additional studies are needed to understand the mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gangadaran Surendiran
- Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada; Canadian Center for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St. Boniface Hospital Research Center, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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Abstract
The human body is constantly challenged by a variety of commensal and pathogenic micro-organisms that trigger the immune system. Central in the first line of defence is the pattern-recognition receptor (PRR)-induced stimulation of the NFκB pathway, leading to NFκB activation. The subsequent production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and/or antimicrobial peptides results in recruitment of professional phagocytes and bacterial clearance. To overcome this, bacteria have developed mechanisms for targeted interference in every single step in the PRR–NFκB pathway to dampen host inflammatory responses. This review aims to briefly overview the PRR–NFκB pathway in relation to the immune response and give examples of the diverse bacterial evasion mechanisms including changes in the bacterial surface, decoy production and injection of effector molecules. Targeted regulation of inflammatory responses is needed and bacterial molecules developed for immune evasion could provide future anti-inflammatory agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Johannessen
- Research Group of Host-Microbe Interactions, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Fatemeh Askarian
- Research Group of Host-Microbe Interactions, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Maria Sangvik
- Research Group of Host-Microbe Interactions, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Johanna E Sollid
- Research Group of Host-Microbe Interactions, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
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Monteiro J, Askarian F, Nakamura MT, Moghadasian MH, Ma DW. Oils rich in α-linolenic acid independently protect against characteristics of fatty liver disease in the Δ6-desaturase null mouse. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2013; 91:469-79. [DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2012-0308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Alpha-linolenic acid's (ALA) biological activity is poorly understood and primarily associated with its conversion to eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Delta-6 desaturase (D6D) initiates the metabolism of linoleic acid (LA) and ALA to arachidonic acid, EPA, and DHA, respectively. In this study, D6D knock-out (D6KO) mice were used to evaluate the effects of ALA-rich oils in preventing hepatic steatosis and inflammation. D6KO and wild-type mice were fed 1 of 4 high-fat (14% w/w) diets: (i) lard (LD, 0% n-3 PUFA), (ii) canola oil + ARASCO (CD, 8% ALA), (iii) flax seed oil + ARASCO (FD, 55% ALA), (iv) menhaden oil (MD, 30% EPA/DHA) for 8 or 20 weeks. Livers of D6KO mice consuming CD and FD were depleted of EPA/DHA, and enriched in ALA. Markers of fat accumulation and inflammation were lowest in the MD-fed mice, at 8 and 20 weeks, regardless of genotype. CD- and FD-fed D6KO groups were found to have lower liver lipid accumulation and lower hepatic inflammation relative to the LD-fed mice at 8 weeks. In conclusion, while MD was the most protective, this study shows that ALA can act independently on risk factors associated with the development of fatty liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Monteiro
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Fatemeh Askarian
- Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
| | - Manabu T. Nakamura
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Mohammed H. Moghadasian
- Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
- International Nutrition Research Inc., Winnipeg, MB R3P 1H7, Canada
| | - David W.L. Ma
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
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Moghadasian M, Le K, Zhao Z, Nicholson T, Goh C, Moghadasian P, Askarian F, Beta T. Cholesterol‐lowering effects of Northern wild rice in LDL receptor knockout mice. FASEB J 2012. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.26.1_supplement.1026.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Khuong Le
- University of ManitobaWinnipegMBCanada
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Monteiro J, McLennan M, Hillyer L, Askarian F, Moghadasian MH, Nakamura MT, Ma DW. Oils rich in alpha‐linolenic acid independently protect against characteristics of fatty liver disease in the delta‐6‐desaturase null mouse. FASEB J 2012. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.26.1_supplement.266.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Monteiro
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional SciencesUniversity of GuelphGuelphONCanada
| | - Mira McLennan
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional SciencesUniversity of GuelphGuelphONCanada
| | - Lyn Hillyer
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional SciencesUniversity of GuelphGuelphONCanada
| | - Fatemeh Askarian
- Department of Human Nutritional SciencesUniversity of ManitobaWinnipegMBCanada
| | | | - Manabu T Nakamura
- Department of Food Science and Human NutritionUniversity of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignUrbanaIL
| | - David W.L. Ma
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional SciencesUniversity of GuelphGuelphONCanada
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Daryani A, Sharif M, Amouei A, Askarian F, Ziaei H, Gohardehi S, Bastani R. Prevalence of Toxocara canis in Stray Dogs in Northern Iran. Int J Infect Dis 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2008.05.1002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Askarian F, Matinfar A, Kousha A, Bahmani M, Khorshidi K, Shenavar A, Ringo E. Diversity of Lactic Acid Bacteria in the Gastrointestinal Tracts of Reared Beluga (Huso huso) and Persian Sturgeon (Acipenser persicus): A Comparative Study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.3923/jfas.2008.302.311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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