1
|
Barajas-Mora EM, Lee L, Lu H, Valderrama JA, Bjanes E, Nizet V, Feeney AJ, Hu M, Murre C. Enhancer-instructed epigenetic landscape and chromatin compartmentalization dictate a primary antibody repertoire protective against specific bacterial pathogens. Nat Immunol 2023; 24:320-336. [PMID: 36717722 PMCID: PMC10917333 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-022-01402-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Antigen receptor loci are organized into variable (V), diversity (D) and joining (J) gene segments that rearrange to generate antigen receptor repertoires. Here, we identified an enhancer (E34) in the murine immunoglobulin kappa (Igk) locus that instructed rearrangement of Vκ genes located in a sub-topologically associating domain, including a Vκ gene encoding for antibodies targeting bacterial phosphorylcholine. We show that E34 instructs the nuclear repositioning of the E34 sub-topologically associating domain from a recombination-repressive compartment to a recombination-permissive compartment that is marked by equivalent activating histone modifications. Finally, we found that E34-instructed Vκ-Jκ rearrangement was essential to combat Streptococcus pneumoniae but not methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus or influenza infections. We propose that the merging of Vκ genes with Jκ elements is instructed by one-dimensional epigenetic information imposed by enhancers across Vκ and Jκ genomic regions. The data also reveal how enhancers generate distinct antibody repertoires that provide protection against lethal bacterial infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Lindsay Lee
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Hanbin Lu
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - J Andrés Valderrama
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Elisabet Bjanes
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Victor Nizet
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, USA
| | - Ann J Feeney
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ming Hu
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA.
| | - Cornelis Murre
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Washington A, Varki N, Valderrama JA, Nizet V, Bui JD. Evaluation of IL-17D in Host Immunity to Group A Streptococcus Infection. J Immunol 2020; 205:3122-3129. [PMID: 33077643 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1901482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
IL-17D is a cytokine that belongs to the IL-17 family and is conserved in vertebrates and invertebrates. In contrast to IL-17A and IL-17F, which are expressed in Th17 cells, IL-17D is expressed broadly in nonimmune cells. IL-17D can promote immune responses to cancer and viruses in part by inducing chemokines and recruiting innate immune cells such as NK cells. Although bacterial infection can induce IL-17D in fish and invertebrates, the role of mammalian IL-17D in antibacterial immunity has not been established. To determine whether IL-17D has a role in mediating host defense against bacterial infections, we studied i.p. infection by group A Streptococcus (GAS) in wild-type (WT) and Il17d -/- mice. Compared with WT animals, mice deficient in IL-17D experienced decreased survival, had greater weight loss, and showed increased bacterial burden in the kidney and peritoneal cavity following GAS challenge. In WT animals, IL-17D transcript was induced by GAS infection and correlated to increased levels of chemokine CCL2 and greater neutrophil recruitment. Of note, GAS-mediated IL-17D induction in nonimmune cells required live bacteria, suggesting that processes beyond recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns were required for IL-17D induction. Based on our results, we propose a model in which nonimmune cells can discriminate between nonviable and viable GAS cells, responding only to the latter by inducing IL-17D.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Allen Washington
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Nissi Varki
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093.,Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - J Andrés Valderrama
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92161; and
| | - Victor Nizet
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92161; and.,Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Jack D Bui
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093;
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Valderrama JA, Kulkarni SS, Nizet V, Bier E. A bacterial gene-drive system efficiently edits and inactivates a high copy number antibiotic resistance locus. Nat Commun 2019; 10:5726. [PMID: 31844051 PMCID: PMC6915771 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13649-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene-drive systems in diploid organisms bias the inheritance of one allele over another. CRISPR-based gene-drive expresses a guide RNA (gRNA) into the genome at the site where the gRNA directs Cas9-mediated cleavage. In the presence of Cas9, the gRNA cassette and any linked cargo sequences are copied via homology-directed repair (HDR) onto the homologous chromosome. Here, we develop an analogous CRISPR-based gene-drive system for the bacterium Escherichia coli that efficiently copies a gRNA cassette and adjacent cargo flanked with sequences homologous to the targeted gRNA/Cas9 cleavage site. This "pro-active" genetic system (Pro-AG) functionally inactivates an antibiotic resistance marker on a high copy number plasmid with ~ 100-fold greater efficiency than control CRISPR-based methods, suggesting an amplifying positive feedback loop due to increasing gRNA dosage. Pro-AG can likewise effectively edit large plasmids or single-copy genomic targets or introduce functional genes, foreshadowing potential applications to biotechnology or biomedicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Andrés Valderrama
- Tata Institute for Genetics and Society, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0349, USA
- Collaborative to Halt Antibiotic-Resistant Microbes, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0760, USA
| | - Surashree S Kulkarni
- Tata Institute for Genetics and Society, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0349, USA
- Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0349, USA
| | - Victor Nizet
- Tata Institute for Genetics and Society, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0349, USA.
- Collaborative to Halt Antibiotic-Resistant Microbes, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0760, USA.
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0760, USA.
| | - Ethan Bier
- Tata Institute for Genetics and Society, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0349, USA.
- Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0349, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Gao NJ, Al-Bassam MM, Poudel S, Wozniak JM, Gonzalez DJ, Olson J, Zengler K, Nizet V, Valderrama JA. Functional and Proteomic Analysis of Streptococcus pyogenes Virulence Upon Loss of Its Native Cas9 Nuclease. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1967. [PMID: 31507572 PMCID: PMC6714885 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The public health impact of Streptococcus pyogenes (group A Streptococcus, GAS) as a top 10 cause of infection-related mortality in humans contrasts with its benefit to biotechnology as the main natural source of Cas9 nuclease, the key component of the revolutionary CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing platform. Despite widespread knowledge acquired in the last decade on the molecular mechanisms by which GAS Cas9 achieves precise DNA targeting, the functions of Cas9 in the biology and pathogenesis of its native organism remain unknown. In this study, we generated an isogenic serotype M1 GAS mutant deficient in Cas9 protein and compared its behavior and phenotypes to the wild-type parent strain. Absence of Cas9 was linked to reduced GAS epithelial cell adherence, reduced growth in human whole blood ex vivo, and attenuation of virulence in a murine necrotizing skin infection model. Virulence defects of the GAS Δcas9 strain were explored through quantitative proteomic analysis, revealing a significant reduction in the abundance of key GAS virulence determinants. Similarly, deletion of cas9 affected the expression of several known virulence regulatory proteins, indicating that Cas9 impacts the global architecture of GAS gene regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nina J Gao
- Division of Host-Microbe Systems and Therapeutics, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States.,Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Mahmoud M Al-Bassam
- Division of Host-Microbe Systems and Therapeutics, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Saugat Poudel
- Division of Host-Microbe Systems and Therapeutics, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States.,Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States.,Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Jacob M Wozniak
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - David J Gonzalez
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Joshua Olson
- Division of Host-Microbe Systems and Therapeutics, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Karsten Zengler
- Division of Host-Microbe Systems and Therapeutics, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States.,Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Victor Nizet
- Division of Host-Microbe Systems and Therapeutics, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States.,Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - J Andrés Valderrama
- Division of Host-Microbe Systems and Therapeutics, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Riestra AM, Valderrama JA, Patras KA, Booth SD, Quek XY, Tsai CM, Nizet V. Trichomonas vaginalis Induces NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation and Pyroptotic Cell Death in Human Macrophages. J Innate Immun 2018; 11:86-98. [PMID: 30391945 DOI: 10.1159/000493585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Trichomonas vaginalis is a sexually transmitted, eukaryotic parasite that causes trichomoniasis, the most common nonviral, sexually transmitted disease in the USA and worldwide. Little is known about the molecular mechanisms involved in the host immune response to this widespread parasite. Here we report that T. vaginalis induces NLRP3 inflammasome activation in human macrophages, leading to caspase-1 activation and the processing of pro-IL-1β to the mature and bioactive form of the cytokine. Using inhibitor-based approaches, we show that NLRP3 activation by T. vaginalis involves host cell detection of extracellular ATP via P2X7 receptors and potassium efflux. In addition, our data reveal that T. vaginalis inflammasome activation induces macrophage inflammatory cell death by pyroptosis, known to occur via caspase-1 cleavage of the gasdermin D protein, which assembles to form pores in the host cell membrane. We found that T. vaginalis-induced cytolysis of macrophages is attenuated in gasdermin D knockout cells. Lastly, in a murine challenge model, we detected IL-1β production in vaginal fluids in response to T. vaginalis infection in vivo. Together, our findings mechanistically dissect how T. vaginalis contributes to the production of the proinflammatory IL-1β cytokine and uncover pyroptosis as a mechanism by which the parasite can trigger host macrophage cell death.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angelica Montenegro Riestra
- Division of Host-Microbe Systems and Therapeutics, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - J Andrés Valderrama
- Division of Host-Microbe Systems and Therapeutics, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Kathryn A Patras
- Division of Host-Microbe Systems and Therapeutics, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Sharon D Booth
- Division of Host-Microbe Systems and Therapeutics, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Xing Yen Quek
- Division of Host-Microbe Systems and Therapeutics, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Chih-Ming Tsai
- Division of Host-Microbe Systems and Therapeutics, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Victor Nizet
- Division of Host-Microbe Systems and Therapeutics, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA, .,Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA,
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Askarian F, Lapek JD, Dongre M, Tsai CM, Kumaraswamy M, Kousha A, Valderrama JA, Ludviksen JA, Cavanagh JP, Uchiyama S, Mollnes TE, Gonzalez DJ, Wai SN, Nizet V, Johannessen M. Staphylococcus aureus Membrane-Derived Vesicles Promote Bacterial Virulence and Confer Protective Immunity in Murine Infection Models. Front Microbiol 2018. [PMID: 29515544 PMCID: PMC5826277 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus produces membrane-derived vesicles (MVs), which share functional properties to outer membrane vesicles. Atomic force microscopy revealed that S. aureus-derived MVs are associated with the bacterial surface or released into the surrounding environment depending on bacterial growth conditions. By using a comparative proteomic approach, a total of 131 and 617 proteins were identified in MVs isolated from S. aureus grown in Luria-Bertani and brain-heart infusion broth, respectively. Purified S. aureus MVs derived from the bacteria grown in either media induced comparable levels of cytotoxicity and neutrophil-activation. Administration of exogenous MVs increased the resistance of S. aureus to killing by whole blood or purified human neutrophils ex vivo and increased S. aureus survival in vivo. Finally, immunization of mice with S. aureus-derived MVs induced production of IgM, total IgG, IgG1, IgG2a, and IgG2b resulting in protection against subcutaneous and systemic S. aureus infection. Collectively, our results suggest S. aureus MVs can influence bacterial-host interactions during systemic infections and provide protective immunity in murine models of infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Askarian
- Research Group of Host Microbe Interactions, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.,Division of Host-Microbe Systems and Therapeutics, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - John D Lapek
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Mitesh Dongre
- The Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden, Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Chih-Ming Tsai
- Division of Host-Microbe Systems and Therapeutics, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Monika Kumaraswamy
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Armin Kousha
- Research Group of Host Microbe Interactions, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.,Division of Host-Microbe Systems and Therapeutics, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - J Andrés Valderrama
- Division of Host-Microbe Systems and Therapeutics, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | | | - Jorunn P Cavanagh
- Department of Pediatrics and Neonatal Medicine, University Hospital of North Norway, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway.,Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Satoshi Uchiyama
- Division of Host-Microbe Systems and Therapeutics, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Tom E Mollnes
- Research Laboratory, Nordland Hospital, Bodø, Norway.,Faculty of Health Sciences, K. G. Jebsen Thrombosis Research and Expertise Center, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.,Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,K.G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Center for Molecular Inflammation Research, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - David J Gonzalez
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States.,Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Sun N Wai
- The Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden, Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Victor Nizet
- Division of Host-Microbe Systems and Therapeutics, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States.,Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Mona Johannessen
- Research Group of Host Microbe Interactions, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Abstract
Group A Streptococcus (GAS) is a leading human bacterial pathogen with diverse clinical manifestations. Macrophages constitute a critical first line of host defense against GAS infection, using numerous surface and intracellular receptors such as Toll-like receptors and inflammasomes for pathogen recognition and activation of inflammatory signaling pathways. Depending on the intensity of the GAS infection, activation of these signaling cascades may provide a beneficial early alarm for effective immune clearance, or conversely, may cause hyperinflammation and tissue injury during severe invasive infection. Although traditionally considered an extracellular pathogen, GAS can invade and replicate within macrophages using specific molecular mechanisms to resist phagolysosomal and xenophagic killing. Unraveling GAS-macrophage encounters may reveal new treatment options for this leading agent of infection-associated mortality. [Formula: see text].
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Andrés Valderrama
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Victor Nizet
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.,Skaggs School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Valderrama JA, Shingler V, Carmona M, Díaz E. AccR is a master regulator involved in carbon catabolite repression of the anaerobic catabolism of aromatic compounds in Azoarcus sp. CIB. J Biol Chem 2013; 289:1892-904. [PMID: 24302740 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.517714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we characterized the first known transcriptional regulator that accounts for carbon catabolite repression (CCR) control of the anaerobic catabolism of aromatic compounds in bacteria. The AccR response regulator of Azoarcus sp. CIB controls succinate-responsive CCR of the central pathways for the anaerobic catabolism of aromatics by this strain. Phosphorylation of AccR to AccR-P triggers a monomer-to-dimer transition as well as the ability to bind to the target promoter and causes repression both in vivo and in vitro. Substitution of the Asp(60) phosphorylation target residue of the N-terminal receiver motif of AccR to a phosphomimic Glu residue generates a constitutively active derivative that behaves as a superrepressor of the target genes. AccR-P binds in vitro to a conserved inverted repeat (ATGCA-N6-TGCAT) present at two different locations within the PN promoter of the bzd genes for anaerobic benzoate degradation. Because the DNA binding-proficient C-terminal domain of AccR is monomeric, we propose an activation mechanism in which phosphorylation of Asp(60) of AccR alleviates interdomain repression mediated by the N-terminal domain. The presence of AccR-like proteins encoded in the genomes of other β-proteobacteria of the Azoarcus/Thauera group further suggests that AccR constitutes a master regulator that controls anaerobic CCR in these bacteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Andrés Valderrama
- From the Department of Environmental Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain and
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Valderrama JA, Durante-Rodríguez G, Blázquez B, García JL, Carmona M, Díaz E. Bacterial degradation of benzoate: cross-regulation between aerobic and anaerobic pathways. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:10494-10508. [PMID: 22303008 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.309005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
We have studied for the first time the transcriptional regulatory circuit that controls the expression of the box genes encoding the aerobic hybrid pathway used to assimilate benzoate via coenzyme A (CoA) derivatives in bacteria. The promoters responsible for the expression of the box cluster in the β-proteobacterium Azoarcus sp., their cognate transcriptional repressor, the BoxR protein, and the inducer molecule (benzoyl-CoA) have been characterized. The BoxR protein shows a significant sequence identity to the BzdR transcriptional repressor that controls the bzd genes involved in the anaerobic degradation of benzoate. Because the boxR gene is present in all box clusters so far identified in bacteria, the BoxR/benzoyl-CoA regulatory system appears to be a widespread strategy to control this aerobic hybrid pathway. Interestingly, the paralogous BoxR and BzdR regulators act synergistically to control the expression of the box and bzd genes. This cross-regulation between anaerobic and aerobic pathways for the catabolism of aromatic compounds has never been shown before, and it may reflect a biological strategy to increase the cell fitness in organisms that survive in environments subject to changing oxygen concentrations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Andrés Valderrama
- Department of Environmental Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Durante-Rodríguez
- Department of Environmental Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Blas Blázquez
- Department of Environmental Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - José Luis García
- Department of Environmental Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Carmona
- Department of Environmental Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Eduardo Díaz
- Department of Environmental Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Verrax J, Beck R, Dejeans N, Glorieux C, Sid B, Pedrosa RC, Benites J, Vásquez D, Valderrama JA, Calderon PB. Redox-active quinones and ascorbate: an innovative cancer therapy that exploits the vulnerability of cancer cells to oxidative stress. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2011; 11:213-21. [PMID: 21395522 DOI: 10.2174/187152011795255902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2011] [Accepted: 03/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cells are particularly vulnerable to treatments impairing redox homeostasis. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) can indeed play an important role in the initiation and progression of cancer, and advanced stage tumors frequently exhibit high basal levels of ROS that stimulate cell proliferation and promote genetic instability. In addition, an inverse correlation between histological grade and antioxidant enzyme activities is frequently observed in human tumors, further supporting the existence of a redox dysregulation in cancer cells. This biochemical property can be exploited by using redox-modulating compounds, which represent an interesting approach to induce cancer cell death. Thus, we have developed a new strategy based on the use of pharmacologic concentrations of ascorbate and redox-active quinones. Ascorbate-driven quinone redox cycling leads to ROS formation and provoke an oxidative stress that preferentially kill cancer cells and spare healthy tissues. Cancer cell death occurs through necrosis and the underlying mechanism implies an energetic impairment (ATP depletion) that is likely due to glycolysis inhibition. Additional mechanisms that participate to cell death include calcium equilibrium impairment and oxidative cleavage of protein chaperone Hsp90. Given the low systemic toxicity of ascorbate and the impairment of crucial survival pathways when associated with redox-active quinones, these combinations could represent an original approach that could be combined to standard cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Verrax
- Toxicology and Cancer Biology Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Durante-Rodríguez G, Valderrama JA, Mancheño JM, Rivas G, Alfonso C, Arias-Palomo E, Llorca O, García JL, Díaz E, Carmona M. Biochemical characterization of the transcriptional regulator BzdR from Azoarcus sp. CIB. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:35694-705. [PMID: 20826820 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.143503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The BzdR transcriptional regulator that controls the P(N) promoter responsible for the anaerobic catabolism of benzoate in Azoarcus sp. CIB constitutes the prototype of a new subfamily of transcriptional regulators. Here, we provide some insights about the functional-structural relationships of the BzdR protein. Analytical ultracentrifugation studies revealed that BzdR is homodimeric in solution. An electron microscopy three-dimensional reconstruction of the BzdR dimer has been obtained, and the predicted structures of the respective N- and C-terminal domains of each BzdR monomer could be fitted into such a reconstruction. Gel retardation and ultracentrifugation experiments have shown that the binding of BzdR to its cognate promoter is cooperative. Different biochemical approaches revealed that the effector molecule benzoyl-CoA induces conformational changes in BzdR without affecting its oligomeric state. The BzdR-dependent inhibition of the P(N) promoter and its activation in the presence of benzoyl-CoA have been established by in vitro transcription assays. The monomeric BzdR4 and BzdR5 mutant regulators revealed that dimerization of BzdR is essential for DNA binding. Remarkably, a BzdRΔL protein lacking the linker region connecting the N- and C-terminal domains of BzdR is also dimeric and behaves as a super-repressor of the P(N) promoter. These data suggest that the linker region of BzdR is not essential for protein dimerization, but rather it is required to transfer the conformational changes induced by the benzoyl-CoA to the DNA binding domain leading to the release of the repressor. A model of action of the BzdR regulator has been proposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo Durante-Rodríguez
- Department of Environmental Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Carmona M, Zamarro MT, Blázquez B, Durante-Rodríguez G, Juárez JF, Valderrama JA, Barragán MJL, García JL, Díaz E. Anaerobic catabolism of aromatic compounds: a genetic and genomic view. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2009; 73:71-133. [PMID: 19258534 PMCID: PMC2650882 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00021-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 264] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Aromatic compounds belong to one of the most widely distributed classes of organic compounds in nature, and a significant number of xenobiotics belong to this family of compounds. Since many habitats containing large amounts of aromatic compounds are often anoxic, the anaerobic catabolism of aromatic compounds by microorganisms becomes crucial in biogeochemical cycles and in the sustainable development of the biosphere. The mineralization of aromatic compounds by facultative or obligate anaerobic bacteria can be coupled to anaerobic respiration with a variety of electron acceptors as well as to fermentation and anoxygenic photosynthesis. Since the redox potential of the electron-accepting system dictates the degradative strategy, there is wide biochemical diversity among anaerobic aromatic degraders. However, the genetic determinants of all these processes and the mechanisms involved in their regulation are much less studied. This review focuses on the recent findings that standard molecular biology approaches together with new high-throughput technologies (e.g., genome sequencing, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metagenomics) have provided regarding the genetics, regulation, ecophysiology, and evolution of anaerobic aromatic degradation pathways. These studies revealed that the anaerobic catabolism of aromatic compounds is more diverse and widespread than previously thought, and the complex metabolic and stress programs associated with the use of aromatic compounds under anaerobic conditions are starting to be unraveled. Anaerobic biotransformation processes based on unprecedented enzymes and pathways with novel metabolic capabilities, as well as the design of novel regulatory circuits and catabolic networks of great biotechnological potential in synthetic biology, are now feasible to approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Carmona
- Departamento de Microbiología Molecular, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Cortés M, Valderrama JA, Cuellar M, Armstrong V, Preite M. Synthesis of (+)-cyclozonarone and the absolute configuration of naturally occurring (-)-cyclozonarone. J Nat Prod 2001; 64:348-9. [PMID: 11277753 DOI: 10.1021/np0004146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Synthesis of (+)-cyclozonarone (1) has been achieved using (-)-polygodial (3) as chiral starting material. The absolute configuration of naturally occurring (-)-cyclozonarone was established as 5R,10R by comparison of spectral data and optical rotation with those of (+)-cyclozonarone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Cortés
- Facultad de Química, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Casilla 306, Correo 22, Santiago, Chile.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Valderrama JA, Bullough PG. Solitary myeloma of the spine. J Bone Joint Surg Br 1968; 50:82-90. [PMID: 5641600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
|