1
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Uchiyama S, Fukushima K, Katagiri S, Tsuchiya J, Kubo T, Chi S, Minami Y. Advancements in minimal residual disease detection: a practical approach using single-cell droplet PCR for comprehensive monitoring in hematological malignancy. Ther Adv Hematol 2024; 15:20406207241245510. [PMID: 38628436 PMCID: PMC11020714 DOI: 10.1177/20406207241245510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The identification of chromosomal abnormalities accompanied by copy number alterations is important for understanding tumor characteristics. Testing methodologies for copy number abnormality have limited sensitivity, resulting in their use only for the sample provided at the time of diagnosis or recurrence of malignancy, but not for the monitoring of minimal residual disease (MRD) during and after therapy. We developped the "DimShift" technology which enable to measure the copy number of target gene/chromosome in each cell, which is given by the single cell droplet PCR. Qualitative result of DimShift given by peripheral blood was perfectly concordant with that of bone marrow. These findings and performances are promising to be the new methodology for MRD detection in malignant diseases utilizing bone marrow as well as peripheral blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Uchiyama
- Department of Hematology, National Cancer Center East Hospital, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Kentaro Fukushima
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Seiichiro Katagiri
- Department of Hematology, Tokyo Medical University Hospital, Shinjuku City, Japan
| | - Junichi Tsuchiya
- Department of Research and Development, TL Genomics Inc., Koganei City, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Kubo
- Department of Research and Development, TL Genomics Inc., Koganei City, Japan
| | - SungGi Chi
- Department of Hematology, National Cancer Center East Hospital, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Yosuke Minami
- Department of Hematology, National Cancer Center East Hospital, 2-7-1 Kashiwano-ha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8577, Japan
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2
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McCabe S, Bjånes E, Hendriks A, Wang Z, van Sorge NM, Pill-Pepe L, Bautista L, Chu E, Codée JDC, Fairman J, Kapoor N, Uchiyama S, Nizet V. The Group A Streptococcal Vaccine Candidate VAX-A1 Protects against Group B Streptococcus Infection via Cross-Reactive IgG Targeting Virulence Factor C5a Peptidase. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1811. [PMID: 38140215 PMCID: PMC10747066 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11121811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Group B Streptococcus (Streptococcus agalactiae or GBS) is the leading infectious cause of neonatal mortality, causing roughly 150,000 infant deaths and stillbirths annually across the globe. Approximately 20% of pregnant women are asymptomatically colonized by GBS, which is a major risk factor for severe fetal and neonatal infections as well as preterm birth, low birth weight, and neurodevelopmental abnormalities. Current clinical interventions for GBS infection are limited to antibiotics, and no vaccine is available. We previously described VAX-A1 as a highly effective conjugate vaccine against group A Streptococcus that is formulated with three antigens, SpyAD, streptolysin O, and C5a peptidase (ScpA). ScpA is a surface-expressed, well-characterized GAS virulence factor that shares nearly identical sequences with the lesser studied GBS homolog ScpB. Here, we show that GBS C5a peptidase ScpB cleaves human complement factor C5a and contributes to disease severity in the murine models of pneumonia and sepsis. Furthermore, antibodies elicited by GAS C5a peptidase bind to GBS in an ScpB-dependent manner, and VAX-A1 immunization protects mice against lethal GBS heterologous challenge. These findings support the contribution of ScpB to GBS virulence and underscore the importance of choosing vaccine antigens; a universal GAS vaccine such as VAX-A1 whose formulation includes GAS C5a peptidase may have additional benefits through some measure of cross-protection against GBS infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinead McCabe
- Division of Host-Microbe Systems and Therapeutics, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (S.M.); (E.B.); (S.U.)
| | - Elisabet Bjånes
- Division of Host-Microbe Systems and Therapeutics, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (S.M.); (E.B.); (S.U.)
| | - Astrid Hendriks
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (A.H.); (N.M.v.S.)
| | - Zhen Wang
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands; (Z.W.); (J.D.C.C.)
| | - Nina M. van Sorge
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (A.H.); (N.M.v.S.)
- Netherlands Reference Laboratory for Bacterial Meningitis, Amsterdam UMC, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lucy Pill-Pepe
- Vaxcyte, Inc., San Carlos, CA 94070, USA; (L.P.-P.); (L.B.); (E.C.); (J.F.); (N.K.)
| | - Leslie Bautista
- Vaxcyte, Inc., San Carlos, CA 94070, USA; (L.P.-P.); (L.B.); (E.C.); (J.F.); (N.K.)
| | - Ellen Chu
- Vaxcyte, Inc., San Carlos, CA 94070, USA; (L.P.-P.); (L.B.); (E.C.); (J.F.); (N.K.)
| | - Jeroen D. C. Codée
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands; (Z.W.); (J.D.C.C.)
| | - Jeff Fairman
- Vaxcyte, Inc., San Carlos, CA 94070, USA; (L.P.-P.); (L.B.); (E.C.); (J.F.); (N.K.)
| | - Neeraj Kapoor
- Vaxcyte, Inc., San Carlos, CA 94070, USA; (L.P.-P.); (L.B.); (E.C.); (J.F.); (N.K.)
| | - Satoshi Uchiyama
- Division of Host-Microbe Systems and Therapeutics, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (S.M.); (E.B.); (S.U.)
| | - Victor Nizet
- Division of Host-Microbe Systems and Therapeutics, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (S.M.); (E.B.); (S.U.)
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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3
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Hirose Y, Poudel S, Sastry AV, Rychel K, Lamoureux CR, Szubin R, Zielinski DC, Lim HG, Menon ND, Bergsten H, Uchiyama S, Hanada T, Kawabata S, Palsson BO, Nizet V. Elucidation of independently modulated genes in Streptococcus pyogenes reveals carbon sources that control its expression of hemolytic toxins. mSystems 2023:e0024723. [PMID: 37278526 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00247-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus pyogenes can cause a wide variety of acute infections throughout the body of its human host. An underlying transcriptional regulatory network (TRN) is responsible for altering the physiological state of the bacterium to adapt to each unique host environment. Consequently, an in-depth understanding of the comprehensive dynamics of the S. pyogenes TRN could inform new therapeutic strategies. Here, we compiled 116 existing high-quality RNA sequencing data sets of invasive S. pyogenes serotype M1 and estimated the TRN structure in a top-down fashion by performing independent component analysis (ICA). The algorithm computed 42 independently modulated sets of genes (iModulons). Four iModulons contained the nga-ifs-slo virulence-related operon, which allowed us to identify carbon sources that control its expression. In particular, dextrin utilization upregulated the nga-ifs-slo operon by activation of two-component regulatory system CovRS-related iModulons, altering bacterial hemolytic activity compared to glucose or maltose utilization. Finally, we show that the iModulon-based TRN structure can be used to simplify the interpretation of noisy bacterial transcriptome data at the infection site.IMPORTANCES. pyogenes is a pre-eminent human bacterial pathogen that causes a wide variety of acute infections throughout the body of its host. Understanding the comprehensive dynamics of its TRN could inform new therapeutic strategies. Since at least 43 S. pyogenes transcriptional regulators are known, it is often difficult to interpret transcriptomic data from regulon annotations. This study shows the novel ICA-based framework to elucidate the underlying regulatory structure of S. pyogenes allows us to interpret the transcriptome profile using data-driven regulons (iModulons). Additionally, the observations of the iModulon architecture lead us to identify the multiple regulatory inputs governing the expression of a virulence-related operon. The iModulons identified in this study serve as a powerful guidepost to further our understanding of S. pyogenes TRN structure and dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujiro Hirose
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California at San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Saugat Poudel
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Anand V Sastry
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Kevin Rychel
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Cameron R Lamoureux
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Richard Szubin
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Daniel C Zielinski
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Hyun Gyu Lim
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Inha University, Michuhol-gu, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Nitasha D Menon
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California at San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA
- School of Biotechnology, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amritapuri, Kerala, India
| | - Helena Bergsten
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California at San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Satoshi Uchiyama
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California at San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Tomoki Hanada
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shigetada Kawabata
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Center for Infectious Diseases Education and Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Bernhard O Palsson
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Victor Nizet
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California at San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA
- Skaggs School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
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4
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Kumaraswamy M, Riestra A, Flores A, Uchiyama S, Dahesh S, Bondsäter G, Nilsson V, Chang M, Seo H, Sakoulas G, Nizet V. Unrecognized Potent Activities of Colistin Against Clinically Important mcr+ Enterobacteriaceae Revealed in Synergy with Host Immunity. bioRxiv 2023:2023.03.21.533661. [PMID: 36993410 PMCID: PMC10055327 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.21.533661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Colistin (COL) is a cationic cyclic peptide that disrupts negatively-charged bacterial cell membranes and frequently serves as an antibiotic of last resort to combat multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacterial infections. Emergence of the horizontally transferable plasmid-borne mobilized colistin resistance (mcr) determinant and its spread to Gram-negative strains harboring extended-spectrum β-lactamase and carbapenemase resistance genes threatens futility of our chemotherapeutic arsenal. COL is widely regarded to have zero activity against mcr+ patients based on standard antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) performed in enriched bacteriological growth media; consequently, the drug is withheld from patients with mcr+ infections. However, these standard testing media poorly mimic in vivo physiology and omit host immune factors. Here we report previously unrecognized bactericidal activities of COL against mcr-1+ isolates of Escherichia coli (EC), Klebsiella pneumoniae (KP), and Salmonella enterica (SE) in standard tissue culture media containing the physiological buffer bicarbonate. Moreover, COL promoted serum complement deposition on the mcr-1+ Gram-negative bacterial surface and synergized potently with active human serum in pathogen killing. At COL concentrations readily achievable with standard dosing, the peptide antibiotic killed mcr-1+ EC, KP, and SE in freshly isolated human blood proved effective as monotherapy in a murine model of mcr-1+ EC bacteremia. Our results suggest that COL, currently ignored as a treatment option based on traditional AST, may in fact benefit patients with mcr-1+ Gram negative infections based on evaluations performed in a more physiologic context. These concepts warrant careful consideration in the clinical microbiology laboratory and for future clinical investigation of their merits in high risk patients with limited therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Kumaraswamy
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, Department of Medicine, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Infectious Diseases Section, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Angelica Riestra
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
- Division of Host-Microbe Systems and Therapeutics, Department of Pediatrics, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Anabel Flores
- Division of Host-Microbe Systems and Therapeutics, Department of Pediatrics, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, California Baptist University, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Satoshi Uchiyama
- Division of Host-Microbe Systems and Therapeutics, Department of Pediatrics, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Samira Dahesh
- Division of Host-Microbe Systems and Therapeutics, Department of Pediatrics, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Gunnar Bondsäter
- Division of Host-Microbe Systems and Therapeutics, Department of Pediatrics, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Victoria Nilsson
- Division of Host-Microbe Systems and Therapeutics, Department of Pediatrics, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Melanie Chang
- Division of Host-Microbe Systems and Therapeutics, Department of Pediatrics, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hideya Seo
- Division of Host-Microbe Systems and Therapeutics, Department of Pediatrics, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Anesthesia, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - George Sakoulas
- Division of Host-Microbe Systems and Therapeutics, Department of Pediatrics, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Sharp Rees Stealy Medical Group, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Victor Nizet
- Division of Host-Microbe Systems and Therapeutics, Department of Pediatrics, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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5
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Sugiyama M, Tsuchiya KJ, Okubo Y, Rahman MS, Uchiyama S, Harada T, Iwabuchi T, Okumura A, Nakayasu C, Amma Y, Suzuki H, Takahashi N, Kinsella-Kammerer B, Nomura Y, Itoh H, Nishimura T. Outdoor Play as a Mitigating Factor in the Association Between Screen Time for Young Children and Neurodevelopmental Outcomes. JAMA Pediatr 2023; 177:303-310. [PMID: 36689245 PMCID: PMC9871942 DOI: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2022.5356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Importance Whether the association between higher screen time in infancy and later suboptimal neurodevelopment can be mitigated by frequency of outdoor play is unknown. Objective To investigate whether higher screen time at age 2 years is associated with neurodevelopmental outcomes at age 4 years and whether this association is mediated by frequency of outdoor play at age 2 years 8 months. Design, Setting, and Participants Participants were a subsample of the Hamamatsu Birth Cohort Study for Mothers and Children (HBC Study, N = 1258). Children were born between December 2007 and March 2012 and followed up from 1 year 6 months to 4 years. The analysis was conducted from April 2021 to June 2022. Exposures Screen time longer than 1 hour a day at age 2 years was coded as higher screen time. Main Outcomes and Measures Standardized scores for communication, daily living skills, and socialization domains of the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale, second edition, at age 4 years were used (mean [SD], 100 [15]). The mediating factor was frequency of outdoor play at age 2 years 8 months, with 6 or 7 days per week coded as frequent outdoor play. Results Of 885 participants, 445 children (50%) were female; mean (SD) screen time per day was 2.6 (2.0) hours. Causal mediation analyses revealed that higher screen time at age 2 years was associated with lower scores in communication at age 4 years (nonstandardized coefficient b = -2.32; 95% CI, -4.03 to -0.60), but the association was not mediated by frequency of outdoor play. Higher screen time was also associated with lower scores in daily living skills (b = -1.76; 95% CI, -3.21 to -0.31); 18% of this association was mediated by frequency of outdoor play. Frequency of outdoor play was associated with socialization (b = 2.73; 95% CI, 1.06 to 4.39), whereas higher screen time was not (b = -1.34; 95% CI, -3.05 to 0.36). Conclusions and Relevance Higher screen time at age 2 years was directly associated with poorer communication at age 4 years. It was also associated with daily living skills, but frequency of outdoor play at age 2 years 8 months alleviated it, suggesting outdoor play mitigated the association between higher screen time and suboptimal neurodevelopment. Future research should specify the nature of the associations and intervention measures, enabling targeted interventions that reduce the potential risk in screen time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mika Sugiyama
- United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chiba University, and University of Fukui, Suita, Japan
| | - Kenji J Tsuchiya
- United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chiba University, and University of Fukui, Suita, Japan.,Research Center for Child Mental Development, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Yusuke Okubo
- Department of Social Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mohammad Shafiur Rahman
- United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chiba University, and University of Fukui, Suita, Japan.,Research Center for Child Mental Development, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Satoshi Uchiyama
- Rupiro, the Center for Consultation of Child Development, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Taeko Harada
- United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chiba University, and University of Fukui, Suita, Japan.,Research Center for Child Mental Development, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Toshiki Iwabuchi
- United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chiba University, and University of Fukui, Suita, Japan.,Research Center for Child Mental Development, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Akemi Okumura
- United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chiba University, and University of Fukui, Suita, Japan.,Research Center for Child Mental Development, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Chikako Nakayasu
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Yuko Amma
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Haruka Suzuki
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Nagahide Takahashi
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan.,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Barbara Kinsella-Kammerer
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan.,Queens College and Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York
| | - Yoko Nomura
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan.,Queens College and Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York.,Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York
| | - Hiroaki Itoh
- Department of Obstetric and Gynecology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Tomoko Nishimura
- United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chiba University, and University of Fukui, Suita, Japan.,Research Center for Child Mental Development, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
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6
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Nishimura T, Takahashi N, Okumura A, Harada T, Iwabuchi T, Nakayasu C, Rahman MS, Uchiyama S, Wakuta M, Nomura Y, Takei N, Senju A, Tsuchiya KJ. Sex differences in neurodevelopmental trajectories in children with different levels of autistic traits. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2023; 77:282-289. [PMID: 36624987 DOI: 10.1111/pcn.13529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
AIM Little is known about early manifestations of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) in females, including those who may be overlooked by the current diagnostic criteria. We longitudinally explored sex differences in the trajectories of cognitive and motor functions and adaptive behaviors in children with different levels of autistic traits. METHODS The participants were 824 children from the Hamamatsu Birth Cohort for Mothers and Children (HBC Study), Japan, who were classified into three autistic trait groups-low, moderate, and high-based on the Social Responsiveness Scale-Second Edition. Cognitive and motor functions were measured at seven time-points from 0.5 to 3.5 years of age using the Mullen Scales of Early Learning. Adaptive behaviors were measured at five time-points from 2.7 to 9 years of age using the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales-Second Edition. Trajectories were depicted using latent growth curve modeling. RESULTS Sex-specific trajectories were observed in the high-autistic-trait group, with only males showing a temporary decline in expressive language around the age of 2 years and a slight improvement thereafter. They also showed a slight improvement around 3 years in the adaptive behavior communication domain but a gradual downward trend later. Females in the high-autistic-trait group showed no distinct manifestation before the age of 3 years but showed a downward trend after 3.5 years in the adaptive behavior communication domain. CONCLUSION Females and males with higher autistic traits than their same-sex peers, independent of clinical diagnosis, may have different phenotypes in certain neurodevelopmental domains during infancy and early childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Nishimura
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan.,United Graduate School of Child Development, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Nagahide Takahashi
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan.,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Akemi Okumura
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan.,United Graduate School of Child Development, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Taeko Harada
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan.,United Graduate School of Child Development, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Toshiki Iwabuchi
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan.,United Graduate School of Child Development, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Chikako Nakayasu
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Mohammad Shafiur Rahman
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan.,United Graduate School of Child Development, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Satoshi Uchiyama
- Center for Consultation and Support for Developmental Disorders, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Manabu Wakuta
- Institute of Child Developmental Science Research, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Yoko Nomura
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan.,Queens College and Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Nori Takei
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Atsushi Senju
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan.,United Graduate School of Child Development, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Kenji J Tsuchiya
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan.,United Graduate School of Child Development, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
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7
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Bergmann R, Gulotta G, Andreoni F, Sumitomo T, Kawabata S, Zinkernagel AS, Chhatwal GS, Nizet V, Rohde M, Uchiyama S. The group A Streptococcus interleukin-8 protease SpyCEP promotes bacterial intracellular survival by evasion of autophagy. Infect Microbes Dis 2022; 4:116-123. [PMID: 37333426 PMCID: PMC10275413 DOI: 10.1097/im9.0000000000000098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy serves an innate immune function in defending the host against invading bacteria, including group A Streptococcus (GAS). Autophagy is regulated by numerous host proteins, including the endogenous negative regulator calpain, a cytosolic protease. Globally disseminated serotype M1T1 GAS strains associated with high invasive disease potential express numerous virulence factors and resist autophagic clearance. Upon in vitro infection of human epithelial cell lines with representative wild-type GAS M1T1 strain 5448 (M1.5448), we observed increased calpain activation linked to a specific GAS virulence factor, the IL-8 protease SpyCEP. Calpain activation inhibited autophagy and decreased capture of cytosolic GAS in autophagosomes. In contrast, the serotype M6 GAS strain JRS4 (M6.JRS4), which is highly susceptible to host autophagy-mediated killing, expresses low levels of SpyCEP and does not activate calpain. Overexpression of SpyCEP in M6.JRS4 stimulated calpain activation, inhibited autophagy and significantly decreased bacterial capture in autophagosomes. These paired loss- and gain-of-function studies reveal a novel role for the bacterial protease SpyCEP in enabling GAS M1 evasion of autophagy and host innate immune clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- René Bergmann
- Central Unit for Microscopy (ZEIM), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Giuseppe Gulotta
- Central Unit for Microscopy (ZEIM), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Federica Andreoni
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tomoko Sumitomo
- Department of Oral and Molecular Microbiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita-Osaka, Japan
| | - Shigetada Kawabata
- Department of Oral and Molecular Microbiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita-Osaka, Japan
| | - Annelies S. Zinkernagel
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gursharan S. Chhatwal
- Central Unit for Microscopy (ZEIM), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Victor Nizet
- Division of Host-Microbe Systems and Therapeutics, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Manfred Rohde
- Central Unit for Microscopy (ZEIM), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Satoshi Uchiyama
- Central Unit for Microscopy (ZEIM), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
- Division of Host-Microbe Systems and Therapeutics, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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8
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Hirose Y, Kolesinski P, Hiraoka M, Uchiyama S, Zurich RH, Kumaraswamy M, Bjanes E, Ghosh P, Kawabata S, Nizet V. Contribution of Streptococcus pyogenes M87 protein to innate immune resistance and virulence. Microb Pathog 2022; 169:105636. [PMID: 35724830 PMCID: PMC9878354 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Streptococcus pyogenes is a pre-eminent human pathogen, and classified by the hypervariable sequence of the emm gene encoding the cell surface M protein. Among a diversity of M/emm types, the prevalence of the M/emm87 strain has been steadily increasing in invasive S. pyogenes infections. Although M protein is the major virulence factor for globally disseminated M/emm1 strain, it is unclear if or how the corresponding M protein of M/emm87 strain (M87 protein) functions as a virulence factor. Here, we use targeted mutagenesis to show that the M87 protein contributes to bacterial resistance to neutrophil and whole blood killing and promotes the release of mature IL-1β from macrophages. While deletion of emm87 did not influence epithelial cell adherence and nasal colonization, it significantly reduced S. pyogenes-induced mortality and bacterial loads in a murine systemic infection model. Our data suggest that emm87 is involved in pathogenesis by modulating the interaction between S. pyogenes and innate immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujiro Hirose
- Department of Oral and Molecular Microbiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan,Department of Pediatrics, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Piotr Kolesinski
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Masanobu Hiraoka
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA,Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Wakayama 6418509, Japan
| | - Satoshi Uchiyama
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Raymond H. Zurich
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Monika Kumaraswamy
- Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA,Infectious Diseases Section, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
| | - Elisabet Bjanes
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Partho Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Shigetada Kawabata
- Department of Oral and Molecular Microbiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan,Correspondence: Victor Nizet, , TEL: +18585347408, Shigetada Kawabata, , TEL: +81668792896
| | - Victor Nizet
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA,Skaggs School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA,Correspondence: Victor Nizet, , TEL: +18585347408, Shigetada Kawabata, , TEL: +81668792896
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9
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Kapoor N, Uchiyama S, Pill L, Bautista L, Sedra A, Yin L, Regan M, Chu E, Rabara T, Wong M, Davey P, Fairman J, Nizet V. Non-Native Amino Acid Click Chemistry-Based Technology for Site-Specific Polysaccharide Conjugation to a Bacterial Protein Serving as Both Carrier and Vaccine Antigen. ACS Omega 2022; 7:24111-24120. [PMID: 35874267 PMCID: PMC9301713 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c07360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Surface-expressed bacterial polysaccharides are important vaccine antigens but must be conjugated to a carrier protein for efficient antigen presentation and development of strong memory B cell and antibody responses, especially in young children. The commonly used protein carriers include tetanus toxoid (TT), diphtheria toxoid (DT), and its derivative CRM197, but carrier-induced epitopic suppression and bystander interference may limit the expanded use of the same carriers in the pediatric immunization schedule. Recent efforts to develop a vaccine against the major human pathogen group A Streptococcus (GAS) have sought to combine two promising vaccine antigens-the universally conserved group A cell wall carbohydrate (GAC) with the secreted toxin antigen streptolysin O (SLO) as a protein carrier; however, standard reductive amination procedures appeared to destroy function epitopes of the protein, markedly diminishing functional antibody responses. Here, we couple a cell-free protein synthesis (CFPS) platform, allowing the incorporation of non-natural amino acids into a C-terminally truncated SLO toxoid for the precise conjugation to the polyrhamnose backbone of GAC. The combined immunogen generated functional antibodies against both conserved GAS virulence factors and provided protection against systemic GAS challenges. CFPS may represent a scalable method for generating pathogen-specific carrier proteins for multivalent subunit vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeraj Kapoor
- Vaxcyte,
Inc., 825 Industrial
Road, Suite 300, San Carlos, California 94070, United States
| | - Satoshi Uchiyama
- Division of Host-Microbe Systems
and Therapeutics, Department of
Pediatrics and Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, UC San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive Mail Code 0760, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Lucy Pill
- Vaxcyte,
Inc., 825 Industrial
Road, Suite 300, San Carlos, California 94070, United States
| | - Leslie Bautista
- Vaxcyte,
Inc., 825 Industrial
Road, Suite 300, San Carlos, California 94070, United States
| | - Angie Sedra
- Vaxcyte,
Inc., 825 Industrial
Road, Suite 300, San Carlos, California 94070, United States
| | - Lu Yin
- Vaxcyte,
Inc., 825 Industrial
Road, Suite 300, San Carlos, California 94070, United States
| | - Maritoni Regan
- Vaxcyte,
Inc., 825 Industrial
Road, Suite 300, San Carlos, California 94070, United States
| | - Ellen Chu
- Vaxcyte,
Inc., 825 Industrial
Road, Suite 300, San Carlos, California 94070, United States
| | - Taylor Rabara
- Vaxcyte,
Inc., 825 Industrial
Road, Suite 300, San Carlos, California 94070, United States
| | - Melissa Wong
- Vaxcyte,
Inc., 825 Industrial
Road, Suite 300, San Carlos, California 94070, United States
| | - Peter Davey
- Vaxcyte,
Inc., 825 Industrial
Road, Suite 300, San Carlos, California 94070, United States
| | - Jeff Fairman
- Vaxcyte,
Inc., 825 Industrial
Road, Suite 300, San Carlos, California 94070, United States
| | - Victor Nizet
- Division of Host-Microbe Systems
and Therapeutics, Department of
Pediatrics and Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, UC San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive Mail Code 0760, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
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10
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Chi S, Uchiyama S, Yoshimitsu M, Ishitsuka K, Yamamoto K, Nakamura Y, Naoto T, Kondo T, Usuki K, Ono T, Kobayashi T, Kuroda J, Iyama S, Nakamura M, Kojima K, Fukuhara S, Izutsu K, Yamauchi N, Yuda J, Minami Y. MO10-2 Emerging molecular targets in AML: IDH1/2- and menin-related mutations (HM-SCREEN-JAPAN01). Ann Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2022.05.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
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11
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Ikeda D, Chi S, Uchiyama S, Nakamura H, Guo YM, Yamauchi N, Yuda J, Minami Y. Molecular Classification and Overcoming Therapy Resistance for Acute Myeloid Leukemia with Adverse Genetic Factors. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:5950. [PMID: 35682627 PMCID: PMC9180585 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23115950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The European LeukemiaNet (ELN) criteria define the adverse genetic factors of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). AML with adverse genetic factors uniformly shows resistance to standard chemotherapy and is associated with poor prognosis. Here, we focus on the biological background and real-world etiology of these adverse genetic factors and then describe a strategy to overcome the clinical disadvantages in terms of targeting pivotal molecular mechanisms. Different adverse genetic factors often rely on common pathways. KMT2A rearrangement, DEK-NUP214 fusion, and NPM1 mutation are associated with the upregulation of HOX genes. The dominant tyrosine kinase activity of the mutant FLT3 or BCR-ABL1 fusion proteins is transduced by the AKT-mTOR, MAPK-ERK, and STAT5 pathways. Concurrent mutations of ASXL1 and RUNX1 are associated with activated AKT. Both TP53 mutation and mis-expressed MECOM are related to impaired apoptosis. Clinical data suggest that adverse genetic factors can be found in at least one in eight AML patients and appear to accumulate in relapsed/refractory cases. TP53 mutation is associated with particularly poor prognosis. Molecular-targeted therapies focusing on specific genomic abnormalities, such as FLT3, KMT2A, and TP53, have been developed and have demonstrated promising results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Ikeda
- Department of Hematology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8577, Japan; (D.I.); (S.C.); (S.U.); (H.N.); (Y.-M.G.); (N.Y.); (J.Y.)
- Department of Hematology, Kameda Medical Center, Kamogawa 296-8602, Japan
| | - SungGi Chi
- Department of Hematology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8577, Japan; (D.I.); (S.C.); (S.U.); (H.N.); (Y.-M.G.); (N.Y.); (J.Y.)
| | - Satoshi Uchiyama
- Department of Hematology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8577, Japan; (D.I.); (S.C.); (S.U.); (H.N.); (Y.-M.G.); (N.Y.); (J.Y.)
| | - Hirotaka Nakamura
- Department of Hematology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8577, Japan; (D.I.); (S.C.); (S.U.); (H.N.); (Y.-M.G.); (N.Y.); (J.Y.)
| | - Yong-Mei Guo
- Department of Hematology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8577, Japan; (D.I.); (S.C.); (S.U.); (H.N.); (Y.-M.G.); (N.Y.); (J.Y.)
| | - Nobuhiko Yamauchi
- Department of Hematology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8577, Japan; (D.I.); (S.C.); (S.U.); (H.N.); (Y.-M.G.); (N.Y.); (J.Y.)
| | - Junichiro Yuda
- Department of Hematology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8577, Japan; (D.I.); (S.C.); (S.U.); (H.N.); (Y.-M.G.); (N.Y.); (J.Y.)
| | - Yosuke Minami
- Department of Hematology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8577, Japan; (D.I.); (S.C.); (S.U.); (H.N.); (Y.-M.G.); (N.Y.); (J.Y.)
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12
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Tsushima T, Sato N, Guo YM, Uchiyama S, Nakamura H, Nagata A, Song-Gi C, Yamauchi N, Minami Y, Yuda J. Combination therapy with low doses of ponatinib and steroids in elderly and frail patients with Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Ann Hematol 2022; 101:1603-1605. [PMID: 35325305 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-022-04796-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takafumi Tsushima
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, 6-5-1, Kashiwano-ha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8577, Japan
| | - Nobue Sato
- Pharmaceutical Department, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yong-Mei Guo
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, 6-5-1, Kashiwano-ha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8577, Japan
| | - Satoshi Uchiyama
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, 6-5-1, Kashiwano-ha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8577, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Nakamura
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, 6-5-1, Kashiwano-ha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8577, Japan
| | - Akihito Nagata
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, 6-5-1, Kashiwano-ha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8577, Japan
| | - Chi Song-Gi
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, 6-5-1, Kashiwano-ha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8577, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Yamauchi
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, 6-5-1, Kashiwano-ha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8577, Japan
| | - Yosuke Minami
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, 6-5-1, Kashiwano-ha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8577, Japan
| | - Junichiro Yuda
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, 6-5-1, Kashiwano-ha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8577, Japan.
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13
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Ulloa ER, Uchiyama S, Gillespie R, Nizet V, Sakoulas G. Ticagrelor Increases Platelet-Mediated Staphylococcus aureus Killing, Resulting in Clearance of Bacteremia. J Infect Dis 2021; 224:1566-1569. [PMID: 33966075 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiab146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Platelets are a critical immune defense against Staphylococcus aureus bloodstream infections. Staphylococcus aureus α-toxin is a virulence factor that decreases platelet viability and accelerates platelet clearance. It has been shown that ticagrelor blocks α-toxin-mediated platelet injury and resulting thrombocytopenia, protecting mice in a lethal S. aureus sepsis model. We now present the use of ticagrelor as adjunctive therapy in a patient with a S. aureus endovascular infection and thrombocytopenia, associated with restoration of platelet count and bacteremia clearance. Ticagrelor enhanced platelet killing of the S. aureus bloodstream isolate from the treated patient in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erlinda R Ulloa
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, California, USA.,Division of Infectious Disease, Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange, California, USA
| | - Satoshi Uchiyama
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA
| | | | - Victor Nizet
- Division of Infectious Disease, Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange, California, USA.,Skaggs School of Pharmacy, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - George Sakoulas
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA.,Sharp Rees-Stealy Medical Group, San Diego, California, USA
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14
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Campeau A, Uchiyama S, Sanchez C, Sauceda C, Nizet V, Gonzalez DJ. The S Protein of Group B Streptococcus Is a Critical Virulence Determinant That Impacts the Cell Surface Virulome. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:729308. [PMID: 34721327 PMCID: PMC8551713 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.729308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Group B Streptococcus (GBS, S. agalactiae) is a human commensal and occasional pathogen that remains a leading cause of neonatal sepsis and meningitis with increasing disease burden in adult populations. Although programs for universal screening in pregnancy to guide intrapartum prophylaxis have reduced GBS invasive disease burden resulting from mother-to-newborn transfer during birth, better knowledge of disease mechanisms may elucidate new strategies to reduce antibiotic exposure. In our efforts to expand the knowledge base required for targeted anti-virulence therapies, we identified a GBS homolog for a recently identified virulence determinant of group A Streptococcus, S protein, and evaluated its role in GBS pathogenesis. A GBS S protein deletion mutant, Δess, showed altered cell-surface properties compared to the WT parent strain, including defective retention of its surface polysaccharide. Quantitative proteome analysis of enzymatically shaved surface epitopes of the GBS Δess mutant revealed a dysregulated cell surface virulome, with reduced abundance of several protein and glycoprotein components. The Δess mutant showed markedly attenuated virulence in a murine model of GBS systemic infection, with increased proteasome activity detected in the spleens of animals infected with the Δess mutant. These results expand the key roles S protein plays in streptococcal pathogenesis and introduces a new GBS virulence determinant and potential target for therapy development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anaamika Campeau
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States.,Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States.,Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Satoshi Uchiyama
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Concepcion Sanchez
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States.,Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States.,Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Consuelo Sauceda
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States.,Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States.,Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Victor Nizet
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States.,Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - David J Gonzalez
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States.,Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States.,Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
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15
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Sun J, Uchiyama S, Olson J, Morodomi Y, Cornax I, Ando N, Kohno Y, Kyaw MMT, Aguilar B, Haste NM, Kanaji S, Kanaji T, Rose WE, Sakoulas G, Marth JD, Nizet V. Repurposed drugs block toxin-driven platelet clearance by the hepatic Ashwell-Morell receptor to clear Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia. Sci Transl Med 2021; 13:13/586/eabd6737. [PMID: 33762439 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abd6737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus (SA) bloodstream infections cause high morbidity and mortality (20 to 30%) despite modern supportive care. In a human bacteremia cohort, we found that development of thrombocytopenia was correlated to increased mortality and increased α-toxin expression by the pathogen. Platelet-derived antibacterial peptides are important in bloodstream defense against SA, but α-toxin decreased platelet viability, induced platelet sialidase to cause desialylation of platelet glycoproteins, and accelerated platelet clearance by the hepatic Ashwell-Morell receptor (AMR). Ticagrelor (Brilinta), a commonly prescribed P2Y12 receptor inhibitor used after myocardial infarction, blocked α-toxin-mediated platelet injury and resulting thrombocytopenia, thereby providing protection from lethal SA infection in a murine intravenous challenge model. Genetic deletion or pharmacological inhibition of AMR stabilized platelet counts and enhanced resistance to SA infection, and the anti-influenza sialidase inhibitor oseltamivir (Tamiflu) provided similar therapeutic benefit. Thus, a "toxin-platelet-AMR" regulatory pathway plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of SA bloodstream infection, and its elucidation provides proof of concept for repurposing two commonly prescribed drugs as adjunctive therapies to improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josh Sun
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.,Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Satoshi Uchiyama
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Joshua Olson
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Yosuke Morodomi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, MERU-Roon Research Center on Vascular Biology, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Ingrid Cornax
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Nao Ando
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Yohei Kohno
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - May M T Kyaw
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Bernice Aguilar
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Nina M Haste
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.,Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Sachiko Kanaji
- Department of Molecular Medicine, MERU-Roon Research Center on Vascular Biology, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Taisuke Kanaji
- Department of Molecular Medicine, MERU-Roon Research Center on Vascular Biology, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Warren E Rose
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - George Sakoulas
- Department of Pediatrics, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Jamey D Marth
- Center for Nanomedicine, UC Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA.,Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, UC Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Victor Nizet
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA. .,Department of Pediatrics, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.,Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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16
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Gao NJ, Uchiyama S, Pill L, Dahesh S, Olson J, Bautista L, Maroju S, Berges A, Liu JZ, Zurich RH, van Sorge NM, Fairman J, Kapoor N, Nizet V. Site-Specific Conjugation of Cell Wall Polyrhamnose to Protein SpyAD Envisioning a Safe Universal Group A Streptococcal Vaccine. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021. [DOI: 10.1097/im9.0000000000000044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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17
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Hashimoto N, Uchiyama S, Nakazawa T, Iwasaki T, Hashimoto T. POS0707 SALIVARY GLAND ULTRASONOGRAPHY AND THE CLINICAL FEATURES USING ESSDAI IN PATIENTS OF EARLY-ONSET VERSUS LATE-ONSET WITH PRIMARY SJÖGREN’S SYNDROME. Ann Rheum Dis 2021. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-eular.419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Background:Primary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease characterized by lymphocyte infiltration in salivary and lacrimal glands. pSS affects primarily middle-aged and elderly patients, although younger age groups may also be involved. However, differences of etiology and pathogenesis between early-onset pSS (EOpSS) and late-onset pSS (LOpSS) are unknown. Recently, standardized outcome tools for measuring disease-specific activity and patients’ reported symptoms have been formulated by the European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) SS study group: the EULAR SS Disease Activity Index (ESSDAI) for systemic features of pSS [1]. Also, as the new imaging techniques, salivary gland ultrasonography (SGUS) proved valuable for assessing salivary gland involvement in SS and seemed to exhibit good diagnostic properties. In addition, previous studies have demonstrated usefulness of SGUS for the prognostic stratification of patients with pSS [2], [3], [4].Objectives:The aim of this study was to examine the differences of etiology and pathogenesis between EOpSS and LOpSS using ESSDAI and SGUS.Methods:Fifty-six pSS patients who fulfilled the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) / European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) classification criteria for SS were studied. Based on the disease onset age, all pSS patients were divided into two groups as those with the onset age of 40 years old or younger (EOpSS: n=26) and those with the onset age of older than 65 years old (LOpSS: n=30). The clinical findings were evaluated ESSDAI and OMERACT SGUS score at the first visit to our hospital. The ESSDAI (0–123) proposes the evaluation of 12 domains or organ systems (constitutional, lymphadenopathy, glandular, articular, cutaneous, pulmonary, renal, peripheral nervous system, central nervous system, muscular, hematological and biology). All patients were examined SGUS by a single investigator who was blinded to device (TUS-A300; Canon Medical Systems, Tokyo, Japan) with a linear transducer (7.5-10MHz). The OMERACT SGUS score was used for graded changes in the parenchymal homogeneity of salivary glands: grade 0, normal-appearing salivary gland parenchyma; grade 1, minimal change: mild inhomogeneity without hypo/anechoic areas; grade 2, moderate change: moderate inhomogeneity with focal hypo/anechoic areas; grade 3, severe change: diffuse inhomogeneity with hypo/anechoic areas occupying the entire gland surface [5].Results:The proportions of positive sera of RF, anti-SS-A and anti-SS-B antibodies were not different in the two groups, but the disease activities were higher in the EOpSS than in the LOpSS patients by measuring ESSDAI (7.30 vs 4.23, p=0.008), especially in constitutional domain (1.50 vs 0.60, p=0.03), articular domain (1.54 vs 0.40, p=0.0002) and biological domain (1.35 vs 0.90, p=0.04). No difference in salivary secretion was found between two groups (EOpSS: 8.02 vs LOpSS: 6.31 mL/10min.), but the OMERACT SGUS score was higher in LOpSS than in EOpSS patients (2.00 vs 2.70, p=0.0002).Conclusion:Although serological findings were not different, EOpSS patients had higher disease activity but less severe salivary gland degeneration than that in LOpSS patients, suggesting the pathogenesis of these two groups was different.References:[1]Seror R, et al. Ann Rheum Dis. 2010 Jun;69(6):1103-9.[2]Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2014 Jul;66(7):1102-7.[3]Hammenfors DS, et al. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2015 Jan-Feb;33(1):56-62.[4]Milic V, et al. PLoS One. 2019 Dec 31;14(12): e0226498.[5]Jousse-Joulin S, et al. Ann Rheum Dis. 2019 Jul;78(7):967-973.Disclosure of Interests:None declared
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Hirose Y, Yamaguchi M, Sumitomo T, Nakata M, Hanada T, Okuzaki D, Motooka D, Mori Y, Kawasaki H, Coady A, Uchiyama S, Hiraoka M, Zurich RH, Amagai M, Nizet V, Kawabata S. Streptococcus pyogenes upregulates arginine catabolism to exert its pathogenesis on the skin surface. Cell Rep 2021; 34:108924. [PMID: 33789094 PMCID: PMC9214650 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.108924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The arginine deiminase (ADI) pathway has been found in many kinds of bacteria and functions to supplement energy production and provide protection against acid stress. The Streptococcus pyogenes ADI pathway is upregulated upon exposure to various environmental stresses, including glucose starvation. However, there are several unclear points about the advantages to the organism for upregulating arginine catabolism. We show that the ADI pathway contributes to bacterial viability and pathogenesis under low-glucose conditions. S. pyogenes changes global gene expression, including upregulation of virulence genes, by catabolizing arginine. In a murine model of epicutaneous infection, S. pyogenes uses the ADI pathway to augment its pathogenicity by increasing the expression of virulence genes, including those encoding the exotoxins. We also find that arginine from stratum-corneum-derived filaggrin is a key substrate for the ADI pathway. In summary, arginine is a nutrient source that promotes the pathogenicity of S. pyogenes on the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujiro Hirose
- Department of Oral and Molecular Microbiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Department of Pediatrics, University of California at San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| | - Masaya Yamaguchi
- Department of Oral and Molecular Microbiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tomoko Sumitomo
- Department of Oral and Molecular Microbiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masanobu Nakata
- Department of Oral Microbiology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
| | - Tomoki Hanada
- Department of Oral and Molecular Microbiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Daisuke Okuzaki
- Genome Information Research Center, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Daisuke Motooka
- Department of Infection Metagenomics, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yasushi Mori
- Department of Oral and Molecular Microbiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kawasaki
- Department of Dermatology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; Immunology Data Integration Unit, RIKEN Medical Sciences Innovation Hub Program, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan; Laboratory for Skin Homeostasis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Alison Coady
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California at San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Satoshi Uchiyama
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California at San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Masanobu Hiraoka
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California at San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan
| | - Raymond H Zurich
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California at San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Masayuki Amagai
- Department of Dermatology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; Laboratory for Skin Homeostasis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Victor Nizet
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California at San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Skaggs School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Shigetada Kawabata
- Department of Oral and Molecular Microbiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
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Askarian F, Uchiyama S, Masson H, Sørensen HV, Golten O, Bunæs AC, Mekasha S, Røhr ÅK, Kommedal E, Ludviksen JA, Arntzen MØ, Schmidt B, Zurich RH, van Sorge NM, Eijsink VGH, Krengel U, Mollnes TE, Lewis NE, Nizet V, Vaaje-Kolstad G. The lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase CbpD promotes Pseudomonas aeruginosa virulence in systemic infection. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1230. [PMID: 33623002 PMCID: PMC7902821 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21473-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The recently discovered lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs), which cleave polysaccharides by oxidation, have been associated with bacterial virulence, but supporting functional data is scarce. Here we show that CbpD, the LPMO of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, is a chitin-oxidizing virulence factor that promotes survival of the bacterium in human blood. The catalytic activity of CbpD was promoted by azurin and pyocyanin, two redox-active virulence factors also secreted by P. aeruginosa. Homology modeling, molecular dynamics simulations, and small angle X-ray scattering indicated that CbpD is a monomeric tri-modular enzyme with flexible linkers. Deletion of cbpD rendered P. aeruginosa unable to establish a lethal systemic infection, associated with enhanced bacterial clearance in vivo. CbpD-dependent survival of the wild-type bacterium was not attributable to dampening of pro-inflammatory responses by CbpD ex vivo or in vivo. Rather, we found that CbpD attenuates the terminal complement cascade in human serum. Studies with an active site mutant of CbpD indicated that catalytic activity is crucial for virulence function. Finally, profiling of the bacterial and splenic proteomes showed that the lack of this single enzyme resulted in substantial re-organization of the bacterial and host proteomes. LPMOs similar to CbpD occur in other pathogens and may have similar immune evasive functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Askarian
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Ås, Norway.
| | - Satoshi Uchiyama
- Division of Host-Microbe Systems & Therapeutics, Department of Pediatrics, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Helen Masson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Ole Golten
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Ås, Norway
| | - Anne Cathrine Bunæs
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Ås, Norway
| | - Sophanit Mekasha
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Ås, Norway
| | - Åsmund Kjendseth Røhr
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Ås, Norway
| | - Eirik Kommedal
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Ås, Norway
| | | | - Magnus Ø Arntzen
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Ås, Norway
| | - Benjamin Schmidt
- Division of Host-Microbe Systems & Therapeutics, Department of Pediatrics, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Raymond H Zurich
- Division of Host-Microbe Systems & Therapeutics, Department of Pediatrics, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Nina M van Sorge
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Reference Laboratory for Bacterial Meningitis, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Vincent G H Eijsink
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Ås, Norway
| | - Ute Krengel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tom Eirik Mollnes
- Research Laboratory, Nordland Hospital, Bodø, Norway
- K.G. Jebsen TREC, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT- The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, and K.G. Jebsen IRC, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Center of Molecular Inflammation Research, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Nathan E Lewis
- Division of Host-Microbe Systems & Therapeutics, Department of Pediatrics, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability at UC San Diego, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Victor Nizet
- Division of Host-Microbe Systems & Therapeutics, Department of Pediatrics, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | - Gustav Vaaje-Kolstad
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Ås, Norway.
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Ulloa E, Uchiyama S, Nizet V, Sakoulas G. 255. Ticagrelor Aids Platelet-Mediated Clearance in a Refractory Staphylococcus aureus Endovascular Infection with Septic Emboli. Open Forum Infect Dis 2020. [PMCID: PMC7778142 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofaa439.299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The pore-forming alpha-toxin produced by Staphylococcus aureus (SA) decreases the viability and increases the clearance of platelets, a critical element of innate immune defense in endovascular infection. Our group recently identified that ticagrelor (TICA) blocks alpha-toxin-induced platelet clearance, protecting mice in a lethal systemic SA infection model. Here, we describe a case report in which TICA, added to antimicrobial therapy of a persistent methicillin-susceptible SA (MSSA) bacteremia associated with a septic aortic thrombus, resulted in immediate bacteremia clearance. We further explore TICA synergy with antibiotics and human platelets in vitro. Methods Antibiotic susceptibility of an MSSA strain from a patient treated with TICA for refractory bacteremia was tested by MIC and checkerboard assays in MHB or RPMI at standard (105 CFU/mL) or high (107 CFU/mL) inocula using TICA, ertapenem (ETP), cefazolin (CZ), or nafcillin (NAF) alone vs. ETP+CZ ± TICA. Killing assays with human platelets ± TICA against SA were also performed. Results SA bacteremia secondary to a septic aortic thrombus (>4 mm) with multiple secondary pyogenic foci refractory to standard CZ and subsequent salvage CZ+ETP for 5 days rapidly cleared within 24 h after the addition of TICA. Thrombocytopenia resolved concurrently. Discontinuation of TICA on day 12 led to rebound thrombocytopenia, and TICA was restarted, once again resulting in resolution of thrombocytopenia. TICA alone lacked in vitro activity against SA, nor was TICA synergistic with ETP+CZ. In contrast, addition of a physiological achievable concentration of TICA dramatically sensitized SA to human platelet killing (p< 0.001) in vitro. Figure 1 ![]()
Figure 2 ![]()
Figure 3 ![]()
Conclusion In a complex case of aortic plaque rupture with septic thrombus, multiple septic emboli, and refractory MSSA bacteremia, addition of TICA to antimicrobial therapy yielded unanticipated immediate clinical and microbiological success. The profound therapeutic effect of TICA in vivo was corroborated by the enhanced staphylocidal activity of human platelets in vitro in the presence of physiological concentrations of the antiplatelet agent. TICA warrants further study as adjunctive treatment of refractory SA bacteremia due to a primary endovascular focus when thrombocytopenia is present. Disclosures Victor Nizet, MD, Centauri Therapeutics (Advisor or Review Panel member)Cidara Therapeutics (Advisor or Review Panel member)InhibRx (Advisor or Review Panel member)Roche Pharmaceutical (Advisor or Review Panel member)
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Affiliation(s)
- Erlinda Ulloa
- University of California Irvine, San Diego, California
| | | | - Victor Nizet
- 5. University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, United States, La Jolla, California
| | - George Sakoulas
- 5. University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, United States, La Jolla, California
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Tanaka K, Uehara T, Ohara T, Sato S, Hayakawa M, Kimura K, Okada Y, Hasegawa Y, Tanahashi N, Suzuki A, Nakagawara J, Arii K, Nagahiro S, Ogasawara K, Uchiyama S, Matsumoto M, Iihara K, Toyoda K, Minematsu K. Transient ischemic attack without self-awareness of symptoms witnessed by bystanders: analysis of the PROMISE-TIA registry. Eur J Neurol 2020; 28:509-515. [PMID: 32961590 PMCID: PMC7820962 DOI: 10.1111/ene.14550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Background and purpose A transient ischemic attack (TIA) can occur without self‐awareness of symptoms. We aimed to investigate characteristics of patients with a tissue‐based diagnosis of TIA but having no self‐awareness of their symptoms and whose symptoms were witnessed by bystanders. Methods We used data from the multicenter registry of 1414 patients with a clinical diagnosis of TIA. For patients without evidence of ischemic lesions on imaging, clinical characteristics were compared between patients with and without self‐awareness of their TIA symptoms. Results Among 896 patients (559 men, median age of 70 years), 59 (6.6%) were unaware of their TIA symptoms, but had those symptoms witnessed by bystanders. Patients without self‐awareness of symptoms were older and more frequently female, and more likely to have previous history of stroke, premorbid disability, and atrial fibrillation, but less likely to have dyslipidemia than those with self‐awareness. Patients without self‐awareness of symptoms arrive at hospitals earlier than those with self‐awareness (P < 0.001). ABCD2 score was higher in patients without self‐awareness of symptoms than those with self‐awareness (median 5 vs. 4, P = 0.002). Having no self‐awareness of symptoms was a significant predictor of ischemic stroke within 1 year after adjustment for sex, ABCD2 score, and onset to arrival time (hazard ratio = 2.44, 95% confidential interval: 1.10–4.83), but was not significant after further adjustment for arterial stenosis or occlusion. Conclusions Patients with a TIA but having no self‐awareness of their symptoms might have higher risk of subsequent ischemic stroke rather than those with self‐awareness, suggesting urgent management is needed even if patients have no self‐awareness of symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Tanaka
- Department of Cerebrovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan.,Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Neurological Institute, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - T Uehara
- Department of Cerebrovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
| | - T Ohara
- Department of Cerebrovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
| | - S Sato
- Department of Cerebrovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
| | - M Hayakawa
- Department of Cerebrovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
| | - K Kimura
- Department of Stroke Medicine, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Y Okada
- Department of Cerebrovascular Medicine and Neurology, Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization Kyushu Medical Center, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Y Hasegawa
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya Daini Red Cross Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - N Tanahashi
- Department of Neurology and Cerebrovascular Medicine, Saitama Medical University Saitama International Medical Center, Hidaka, Japan
| | - A Suzuki
- Department of Stroke Science, Research Institute for Brain and Blood Vessels-Akita, Akita, Japan
| | - J Nakagawara
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nakamura Memorial Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - K Arii
- Department of Neurology, Ebara Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - S Nagahiro
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - K Ogasawara
- Department of Neurosurgery, Iwate Medical University, Morioka, Japan
| | - S Uchiyama
- Department of Neurology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan.,Clinical Research Center for Medicine, Center for Brain and Cerebral Vessels, Sanno Hospital and Sanno Medical Center, International University of Health and Welfare, Tokyo, Japan
| | - M Matsumoto
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Therapeutics, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,Department of Neurology, Sakai City Medical Center, Sakai, Japan
| | - K Iihara
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
| | - K Toyoda
- Department of Cerebrovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
| | - K Minematsu
- Department of Cerebrovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
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Hotta S, Uchiyama S, Ichihara K. Brazilian red propolis extract enhances expression of antioxidant enzyme genes in vitro and in vivo. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2020; 84:1820-1830. [PMID: 32490727 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2020.1773756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Brazilian red propolis reportedly has reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging effects in vitro, but the cellular mechanisms remain unclear. In the present study, the effects of an ethanol extract of Brazilian red propolis (EERP) on the Nrf2-ARE intracellular antioxidant pathway were examined in vitro and in vivo. EERP and its constituents transactivated the reporter gene through the ARE sequence and enhanced the expression of Nrf2-regulated genes in HEK293 cells. It also increased Nrf2 protein in the nucleus, which was partially inhibited by kinase inhibitors. Furthermore, EERP suppressed ROS generation and cytotoxicity induced by tert-butyl hydroperoxide. In vivo, orally administered EERP increased the expression of Nrf2-regulated genes in mice liver. These results suggest that EERP is a potential resource for preventing oxidative stress-related diseases as an Nrf2 inducer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sho Hotta
- Nagaragawa Research Center, API Co., Ltd , Gifu, Japan
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23
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Hashimoto N, Uchiyama S, Kitano M, Nakazawa T, Iwasaki T, Hashimoto T. SAT0546 COMPARISON OF SHEAR WAVE ELASTOGRAPHY AND CONVENTIONAL ULTRASONOGRAPHY OF SALIVARY GLANDS IN PATIENTS WITH PRIMARY SJOGREN’S SYNDROME: CAN SHEAR WAVE ELASTOGRAPHY CAPTURE LESIONS THAT ARE DIFFICULT TO DIAGNOSE WITH CONVENTIONAL ULTRASONOGRAPHY? Ann Rheum Dis 2020. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-eular.977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Background:Sjögren’s syndrome (SS) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease characterized by lymphocyte infiltration in salivary and lacrimal glands. Recently, salivary gland ultrasonography (US) proved valuable for assessing salivary gland involvement in SS and seemed to exhibit good diagnostic properties. In the literature, studies conducted by the scoring of the structural changes according to B-Mode US of salivary glands showed a wide variability regarding sensitivity and specificity. Our previously study demonstrated that although conventional B-mode US findings were useful for the diagnosis of SS with low salivary flow they were not for subclinical SS with normal salivary flow (EULAR 2016). Recently, we reported that the tissue elasticity was decreased due to structural changes in the submandibular glands (SG) at the advanced stage of the disease and the shear wave elastography (SWE) is useful to distinguish pathological changes of the SG in patients with SS (EULAR2018).Objectives:The aim of this study was to compare the usefulness of SG conventional B-mode US and SWE findings in non-SS and SS patients classified by salivary flow.Methods:Twenty-two non-SS patients and 99 SS patients who fulfilled the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) / European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) classification criteria for SS were studied. SS patients were divided into three groups according to salivary flow using gum test (VL/SS <5mL/10min. (n=38), L/SS 5-10mL/10min. (n=41) and N/SS >10mL/10min. (n=20)). All patients were examined SGUS by a single investigator who was blinded to device (TUS-A300; Canon Medical Systems, Tokyo, Japan) with a linear transducer (7.5-10MHz). The examination consisted of conventional B-mode US (US staging score), pulsed wave Doppler US (PD grading score) and SWE with quantitative assessment. US staging scores were assessed by glandular size, inhomogeneity and contrast of diagastric muscle (stage 0 to 3). PD grading scores were graded by pulsed wave pattern in pulsed wave Doppler US at the internal SG facial arteries (grade 0 to 2). With the region-of-interest (ROI) placed over the stiffest areas of the lesion on SWE, the quantitative means of the elasticity values were measured by shear wave velocity (Vs; m/s) and elasticity (E; kPa) for each lesion.Results:The US staging score, the PD grading score, the values of Vs and E were significantly higher in patients with SS than in non-SS group (SS vs non-SS; US staging score 2.10±1.07 vs 0.86±0.99, p<0.0001, PD grading score 1.17±0.83 vs 0.23±0.61, p<0.0001, Vs 1.75±0.34 vs 1.57±0.29m/s, p=0.02, E 9.64±4.02 vs 7.81±2.27kPa, p=0.04). However, there was no significant difference between non-SS and N/SS in early-stage SS by US staging score (N/SS vs non-SS; 0.95±0.89 vs 0.86±0.99) and PD grading score (N/SS vs non-SS; 0.40±0.15 vs 0.23±.061). In contrast, the values of Vs and E were highest in N/SS as compared with all groups, and were significantly higher in N/SS than in non-SS (N/SS vs non-SS; Vs 2.02±0.24 vs 1.57±0.29m/s, p<0.01, E 12.58±3.16 vs 7.81±2.27kPa, p<0.01).Conclusion:The present study demonstrated that although the tissue elasticity was decreased due to structural changes at the advanced stage, it increased due to inflammation and high viscosity in the SG at the subclinical SS with normal salivary flow comparing that in non-SS patients. The SWE may be a useful tool for the differential diagnosis between patients with non-SS and subclinical SS with normal salivary flow, which is difficult to distinguish by conventional B-mode US.Disclosure of Interests:None declared
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Cohen Katsenelson K, Stender JD, Kawashima AT, Lordén G, Uchiyama S, Nizet V, Glass CK, Newton AC. PHLPP1 counter-regulates STAT1-mediated inflammatory signaling. eLife 2019; 8:e48609. [PMID: 31408005 PMCID: PMC6692130 DOI: 10.7554/elife.48609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is an essential aspect of innate immunity but also contributes to diverse human diseases. Although much is known about the kinases that control inflammatory signaling, less is known about the opposing phosphatases. Here we report that deletion of the gene encoding PH domain Leucine-rich repeat Protein Phosphatase 1 (PHLPP1) protects mice from lethal lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge and live Escherichia coli infection. Investigation of PHLPP1 function in macrophages reveals that it controls the magnitude and duration of inflammatory signaling by dephosphorylating the transcription factor STAT1 on Ser727 to inhibit its activity, reduce its promoter residency, and reduce the expression of target genes involved in innate immunity and cytokine signaling. This previously undescribed function of PHLPP1 depends on a bipartite nuclear localization signal in its unique N-terminal extension. Our data support a model in which nuclear PHLPP1 dephosphorylates STAT1 to control the magnitude and duration of inflammatory signaling in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joshua D Stender
- Department of Cellular and Molecular MedicineUniversity of California, San DiegoSan DiegoUnited States
| | - Agnieszka T Kawashima
- Department of PharmacologyUniversity of California, San DiegoSan DiegoUnited States
- Department of Pharmacology and Biomedical Sciences Graduate ProgramUniversity of California, San DiegoSan DiegoUnited States
| | - Gema Lordén
- Department of PharmacologyUniversity of California, San DiegoSan DiegoUnited States
| | - Satoshi Uchiyama
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of California, San DiegoSan DiegoUnited States
| | - Victor Nizet
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of California, San DiegoSan DiegoUnited States
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of California, San DiegoSan DiegoUnited States
| | - Christopher K Glass
- Department of Cellular and Molecular MedicineUniversity of California, San DiegoSan DiegoUnited States
| | - Alexandra C Newton
- Department of PharmacologyUniversity of California, San DiegoSan DiegoUnited States
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Kamimura M, Taguchi A, Komatsu M, Koiwai H, Ashizawa R, Ichinose A, Takahara K, Uchiyama S, Kato H. Long waiting time before tooth extraction may increase delayed wound healing in elderly Japanese. Osteoporos Int 2019; 30:621-628. [PMID: 30460382 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-018-4775-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED In osteoporosis patients receiving antiresorptive medications, stopping the drug and delaying tooth extraction has been suggested to reduce the risk of osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ). However, postponing tooth extraction for ≥ 2 months was associated with an increased risk of delayed wound healing beyond 8 weeks after extraction, a risk factor for developing ONJ. INTRODUCTION A long waiting time before tooth extraction could result from concern about a potential increased risk of osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ) in osteoporosis patients. We clarified whether a long waiting time before tooth extraction during the past year may be associated with an increased risk of delayed wound healing beyond 8 weeks after tooth extraction, which may be a risk factor of ONJ. METHODS Of 5639 patients aged ≥ 60 years who visited our 20 clinics or hospitals and answered a structured questionnaire, 426 patients (151 men, 275 women) aged 60-96 years comprised the final participants in this study. Self-reported kyphosis was used as a surrogate marker of vertebral fractures. Stepwise logistic regression analysis, adjusted for covariates, was used to calculate the odds ratio (OR) and the 95% confidence interval (CI) for the presence of delayed wound healing longer than 8 weeks after tooth extraction during the past year based on the duration before extraction. RESULTS Subjects who had waited > 2 months for tooth extraction had a significantly higher risk of delayed wound healing compared with those whose tooth was extracted within 1 month (OR = 7.23; 95% CI = 2.19-23.85, p = 0.001) regardless if antiresorptive medications for osteoporosis were used. The presence of self-reported kyphosis was significantly associated with an increased risk of delayed wound healing (OR = 5.08; 95% CI = 1.11-23.32, p = 0.036). CONCLUSIONS A long waiting time before tooth extraction may be a risk factor for delayed wound healing beyond 8 weeks after extraction in patients aged ≥ 60 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kamimura
- Center for Osteoporosis and Spinal Disorders, Kamimura Orthopedic Clinic, 595-17 Kotobuki, Matsumoto, 399-0021, Japan
| | - A Taguchi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, School of Dentistry, Matsumoto Dental University, 1780 Gobara, Hirooka, Shiojiri, Nagano, 399-0781, Japan.
| | - M Komatsu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 33-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano, 390-8621, Japan
| | - H Koiwai
- Koiwai Orthopedic Clinic, 1585-4 Mikageshinden, Komoro, 384-0091, Japan
| | - R Ashizawa
- Ashizawa Orthopedic Clinic, 12205-2 Nakaminowa, Minowacho, Kamiina-gun, Nagano, 399-4601, Japan
| | - A Ichinose
- Ichinose Clinic, 4824, Shimosuwa-machi, Suwa-gun, Nagano, 393-0087, Japan
| | - K Takahara
- Takahara Clinic, 5586-2, Minami-Minowa, Kamiina-gun, Nagano, 399-4511, Japan
| | - S Uchiyama
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Okaya City Hospital, 4-11-33, Honmachi, Okaya, Nagano, 394-8512, Japan
| | - H Kato
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 33-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano, 390-8621, Japan
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Nakano K, Ito Y, Takagi F, Uchiyama S, Yoda A, Sakamoto N, Takaba M, Adachi M, Takemura T, Nagata Y, Ono T. [Sarcoidosis-lymphoma syndrome showing abnormal FDG uptake in lymph nodes and muscles upon post-chemotherapy PET/CT imaging]. Rinsho Ketsueki 2019; 60:302-307. [PMID: 31068560 DOI: 10.11406/rinketsu.60.302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A 65-year-old woman was diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis in 2010 and was treated with methotrexate (MTX). In 2012, she was diagnosed with sarcoidosis and underwent a follow-up therapy for mild peripheral neuropathy due to neurosarcoidosis. In 2018, she experienced primary splenic diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and was diagnosed with sarcoidosis-lymphoma syndrome (SLS). MTX was discontinued, and six cycles of rituximab were administered combined with chemotherapy. Positron emission tomography combined with computed tomography performed 18 weeks after the last cycle of chemotherapy showed new abnormal fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG) uptake in the mediastinal and hilar lymph nodes and skeletal muscles. Sarcoidosis was suspected because of increased serum angiotensin-converting enzyme levels and magnetic resonance imaging findings in the lower limb muscles. However, pathological findings of DLBCL and sarcoidosis were not confirmed in the hilar lymph node biopsy. Therefore, malignant lymphoma can be distinguished from sarcoidosis using abnormal FDG uptake after chemotherapy for SLS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kotaro Nakano
- Division of Hematology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine
| | - Yujiro Ito
- Division of Hematology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine
| | - Fumisato Takagi
- Division of Hematology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine
| | | | - Akari Yoda
- Division of Hematology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine
| | - Nami Sakamoto
- Division of Hematology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine
| | | | - Miwa Adachi
- Division of Hematology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine
| | | | - Yasuyuki Nagata
- Division of Hematology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine
| | - Takaaki Ono
- Division of Hematology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine
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27
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Uchiyama S, Dahesh S, Nizet V, Kessler J. Enhanced topical delivery of non-complexed molecular iodine for Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus decolonization. Int J Pharm 2018; 554:81-86. [PMID: 30395958 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus, a leading cause of serious human infections in both healthcare and community settings, is increasingly difficult to control due to expanding resistance to multiple antibiotic classes. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) strains have disseminated on a global scale and are associated with adverse patient outcomes, increased hospital stays, and significant economic costs to the healthcare system. A proximal step in S. aureus infection is colonization of the nasal mucosa, and effective strategies to decolonize high risk patients to reduce the risk of invasive infection and nosocomial spread represent an important clinical priority. With rising resistance to mupirocin, the most common antibiotic utilized for nasal MRSA decontamination, we are examining the use of pure molecular iodine (I2)-based formulations for this indication. Recently, an iodophor formulation of povidone-iodine (PVP-I) has shown significant promise for nasal MRSA decontamination by swabbing the anterior nares of patients in hospital settings, but the I2 concentration in this treatment is less than 0.01% of total iodine species present and like all providone-iodine formulations causes skin staining. Here we determine that a novel non-staining formulation of I2 combined with the safe organic emollient glycerin delivers high local concentrations of the active antimicrobial entity (I2) with minimal evaporative loss, exhibits activity at ∼1 part per million against MRSA and other important Gram-positive and -negative human pathogens. This formulation for I2 topical delivery produced similar reductions in mean bacterial burden and was associated with fewer treatment failures (<2-logfold reduction) than PVP-I in a murine model of MRSA nasal decontamination. Formulations of I2 in glycerin emollient merit further exploration as topical disinfectants for human medical indications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Uchiyama
- Division of Host-Microbe Systems and Therapeutics, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0760, USA
| | - Samira Dahesh
- Division of Host-Microbe Systems and Therapeutics, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0760, USA
| | - Victor Nizet
- Division of Host-Microbe Systems and Therapeutics, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0760, USA; Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0760, USA.
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28
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Adachi T, Abe T, Mizuno T, Iida Y, Yamada T, Uchiyama S, Nishi M, Nagao T, Sakamoto K, Ito T, Fujimoto N, Kobayashi K, Okumura T, Yamada S. P3196Anorexia coexisted in frailty predicts 1-year prognosis in patients with heart failure: a multicenter prospective cohort study. Eur Heart J 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy563.p3196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- T Adachi
- Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Rehabilitation, Nagoya, Japan
| | - T Abe
- Aichi Medical University Hospital, Department of Rehabilitation, Nagakute, Japan
| | - T Mizuno
- Aichi Medical University Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Y Iida
- Kainan Hospital, Department of Rehabilitation, Yatomi, Japan
| | - T Yamada
- Kainan Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Yatomi, Japan
| | - S Uchiyama
- New Tokyo hospital, Department of Rehabilitation, Matsudo, Japan
| | - M Nishi
- New Tokyo hospital, Department of Rehabilitation, Matsudo, Japan
| | - T Nagao
- Hoshi General Hospital, Department of Rehabilitation, Koriyama, Japan
| | - K Sakamoto
- Hoshi General Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Koriyama, Japan
| | - T Ito
- Mie University Hospital, Department of Rehabilitation, Tsu, Japan
| | - N Fujimoto
- Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Tsu, Japan
| | - K Kobayashi
- Nagoya University Hospital, Department of Rehabilitation, Nagoya, Japan
| | - T Okumura
- Nagoya University Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Nagoya, Japan
| | - S Yamada
- Nagoya University, Department of Health Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
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29
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Katsenelson KC, Stender JD, Uchiyama S, Nizet V, Glass CK, Newton AC. The tumor suppressor phosphatase PHLPP1 suppresses inflammatory signaling by regulating the phosphorylation state and activity of STAT1. FASEB J 2018. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2018.32.1_supplement.648.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Joshua D. Stender
- Cell and Molecular MedicineUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCA
| | - Satoshi Uchiyama
- PediatricsSkaggs School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCA
| | - Victor Nizet
- PediatricsSkaggs School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCA
| | - Chris K. Glass
- Cell and Molecular MedicineUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCA
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30
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Askarian F, Lapek JD, Dongre M, Tsai CM, Kumaraswamy M, Kousha A, Valderrama JA, Ludviksen JA, Cavanagh JP, Uchiyama S, Mollnes TE, Gonzalez DJ, Wai SN, Nizet V, Johannessen M. Staphylococcus aureus Membrane-Derived Vesicles Promote Bacterial Virulence and Confer Protective Immunity in Murine Infection Models. Front Microbiol 2018. [PMID: 29515544 PMCID: PMC5826277 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus produces membrane-derived vesicles (MVs), which share functional properties to outer membrane vesicles. Atomic force microscopy revealed that S. aureus-derived MVs are associated with the bacterial surface or released into the surrounding environment depending on bacterial growth conditions. By using a comparative proteomic approach, a total of 131 and 617 proteins were identified in MVs isolated from S. aureus grown in Luria-Bertani and brain-heart infusion broth, respectively. Purified S. aureus MVs derived from the bacteria grown in either media induced comparable levels of cytotoxicity and neutrophil-activation. Administration of exogenous MVs increased the resistance of S. aureus to killing by whole blood or purified human neutrophils ex vivo and increased S. aureus survival in vivo. Finally, immunization of mice with S. aureus-derived MVs induced production of IgM, total IgG, IgG1, IgG2a, and IgG2b resulting in protection against subcutaneous and systemic S. aureus infection. Collectively, our results suggest S. aureus MVs can influence bacterial-host interactions during systemic infections and provide protective immunity in murine models of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Askarian
- Research Group of Host Microbe Interactions, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.,Division of Host-Microbe Systems and Therapeutics, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - John D Lapek
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Mitesh Dongre
- The Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden, Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Chih-Ming Tsai
- Division of Host-Microbe Systems and Therapeutics, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Monika Kumaraswamy
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Armin Kousha
- Research Group of Host Microbe Interactions, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.,Division of Host-Microbe Systems and Therapeutics, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - J Andrés Valderrama
- Division of Host-Microbe Systems and Therapeutics, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | | | - Jorunn P Cavanagh
- Department of Pediatrics and Neonatal Medicine, University Hospital of North Norway, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway.,Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Satoshi Uchiyama
- Division of Host-Microbe Systems and Therapeutics, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Tom E Mollnes
- Research Laboratory, Nordland Hospital, Bodø, Norway.,Faculty of Health Sciences, K. G. Jebsen Thrombosis Research and Expertise Center, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.,Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,K.G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Center for Molecular Inflammation Research, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - David J Gonzalez
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States.,Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Sun N Wai
- The Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden, Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Victor Nizet
- Division of Host-Microbe Systems and Therapeutics, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States.,Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Mona Johannessen
- Research Group of Host Microbe Interactions, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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31
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Yasaka M, Uchiyama S, Atarashi H, Okumura K, Koretsune Y, Yamashita T, Fukaya T, Inoue H. The final results for secondary stroke prevention of j-dabigatran surveillance program: Safety and effectiveness of dabigatran long-term treatment in Japanese patients with atrial fibrillation. J Neurol Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2017.08.3630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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32
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Uchiyama S, Hirotsugu A, Inoue H, Kitazono T, Shimizu W, Yamashita T, Ikeda T, Kamouchi M, Kaikita K, Fukuda K, Origasa H, Shimokawa H. Primary and secondary prevention of stroke and systemic embolism with rivaroxaban in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (sub-analysis of the expand study). J Neurol Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2017.08.3148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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33
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Uchiyama S. Atrial fibrillation - practical issues. J Neurol Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2017.08.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Ohi H, Uchiyama S, Kanda T, Mukoda M, Hayashi M, Kato H. Outcomes of grafting intrasynovial tendons of the toes to the hands in 10 patients: a preliminary report. J Hand Surg Eur Vol 2017; 42:469-472. [PMID: 28193099 DOI: 10.1177/1753193417691653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Ten patients had intrasynovial tendon grafting harvested from the toes for secondary flexor tendon reconstruction in nine fingers and one thumb in our institutes from 2009 to 2014. These patients were followed for a mean of 15 (range: 8-36) months. The ranges of total active motion of the proximal and distal interphalangeal joints of these nine fingers were 143° (range: 108-175°) and of the metacarpophalangeal and interphalangeal joints of one thumb were 110°. In conclusion, this technique is feasible and gives a good result when successful but with a high complication rate. Level of Evidence IV.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Ohi
- 1 Hand and Microsurgery Center, Seirei Hamamatsu Hospital, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - S Uchiyama
- 2 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine. Matsumoto, Japan
| | - T Kanda
- 1 Hand and Microsurgery Center, Seirei Hamamatsu Hospital, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - M Mukoda
- 1 Hand and Microsurgery Center, Seirei Hamamatsu Hospital, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - M Hayashi
- 2 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine. Matsumoto, Japan
| | - H Kato
- 2 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine. Matsumoto, Japan
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Kamimura M, Nakamura Y, Ikegami S, Uchiyama S, Kato H, Taguchi A. Significant improvement of bone mineral density and bone turnover markers by denosumab therapy in bisphosphonate-unresponsive patients: response to comments. Osteoporos Int 2017; 28:1757-1758. [PMID: 28127625 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-017-3923-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Kamimura
- Center of Osteoporosis and Spinal Disorders, Kamimura Orthopedic Clinic, Kotobuki-Toyooka 595-17, Matsumoto, 399-0021, Japan
| | - Y Nakamura
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Asahi 3-1-1, Matsumoto, 390-8621, Japan.
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Showa-Inan General Hospital, Akaho 3230, Komagane, 399-4117, Japan.
| | - S Ikegami
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Asahi 3-1-1, Matsumoto, 390-8621, Japan
| | - S Uchiyama
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Asahi 3-1-1, Matsumoto, 390-8621, Japan
| | - H Kato
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Asahi 3-1-1, Matsumoto, 390-8621, Japan
| | - A Taguchi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Matsumoto Dental University, 1780 Gobara Hirooka, Shiojiri, 399-0781, Japan
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Kamimura M, Nakamura Y, Ikegami S, Uchiyama S, Kato H, Taguchi A. Significant improvement of bone mineral density and bone turnover markers by denosumab therapy in bisphosphonate-unresponsive patients. Osteoporos Int 2017; 28:559-566. [PMID: 27650642 PMCID: PMC5269470 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-016-3764-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Bone mineral density (BMD) sometimes cannot be improved by long-term bisphosphonate (BP) therapy in osteoporosis (OP). This study showed that lumbar as well as hip BMD significantly increased after denosumab treatment in patients not responsive to BPs. Thus, denosumab may be a strong OP treatment option for BP-unresponsive patients. INTRODUCTION BMD sometimes cannot be improved by long-term BP therapy. METHODS We administered denosumab to osteoporotic patients with a poor response to BPs who had been taking them for 2 years or longer. Ninety-eight women with BP-poor responsive OP were enrolled in this study. Mean (standard deviation [SD]) age was 71.2 (6.9) years and mean (SD) duration of BP treatment was 59.9 (34.3) months. We distinguished BP responders from non-responders based on changes in BMD values at denosumab commencement (baseline) from 2 years beforehand. RESULTS There were no significant differences in age, duration of BP use, bone turnover markers, or BMD at baseline between the groups. Prior to denosumab, BMD had increased significantly in responders and decreased significantly in non-responders. Bone turnover markers had decreased significantly at 4 months of denosumab treatment (P < 0.001) and lumbar and hip BMD were significantly increased at 1 year of therapy in both groups (P < 0.001). Simple correlation coefficients were -0.337 for lumbar and -0.339 for hip BMD changes (both P = 0.001) before and after denosumab treatment. Both at the lumbar spine and hips, decreased BMD before denosumab therapy was significantly associated with an increase in BMD at 1 year of treatment (spine, t value = -3.502, P = 0.001, R = 0.113; hip, t value = -3.526, P = 0.001, R = 0.115). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that denosumab may be a strong OP treatment option for BP-unresponsive patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kamimura
- Center of Osteoporosis and Spinal Disorders, Kamimura Orthopedic Clinic, Kotobuki 595-17, Matsumoto, 399-0021, Japan
| | - Y Nakamura
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Asahi 3-1-1, Matsumoto, 390-8621, Japan.
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Showa-Inan General Hospital, Akaho 3230, Komagane, 399-4117, Japan.
| | - S Ikegami
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Asahi 3-1-1, Matsumoto, 390-8621, Japan
| | - S Uchiyama
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Asahi 3-1-1, Matsumoto, 390-8621, Japan
| | - H Kato
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Asahi 3-1-1, Matsumoto, 390-8621, Japan
| | - A Taguchi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Matsumoto Dental University, 1780 Gobara Hirooka, Shiojiri, 399-0781, Japan
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37
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Yamazaki M, Ohnishi T, Hosokawa K, Yamaguchi K, Yoneyama T, Kawashima A, Okada Y, Kitagawa K, Uchiyama S. Measurement of residual platelet thrombogenicity under arterial shear conditions in cerebrovascular disease patients receiving antiplatelet therapy. J Thromb Haemost 2016; 14:1788-97. [PMID: 27328457 DOI: 10.1111/jth.13391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Essentials A consensus methodology for assessing the effects of antiplatelet agents has not been established. Measuring platelet thrombus formation (PTF) for evaluating antiplatelet effects was assessed. PTF differentially reflected antiplatelet effects compared to other tests. PTF may be associated with the severity of carotid or intracranial arterial stenosis. Click to hear a presentation on platelet function testing in the clinic by Gresele and colleagues SUMMARY Background A consensus methodology for assessing the effects of antiplatelet agents has not been established. Objective We investigated the usefulness of directly measuring platelet thrombus formation (PTF) using a microchip-based flow chamber system for evaluating antiplatelet therapy. Patients/Methods Platelet thrombus formation in the whole blood of 94 patients with ischemic cerebrovascular disease treated with clopidogrel and/or aspirin was measured in a flow chamber system at a shear rate of 1500 s(-1) and was compared with the results of assays for agonist-induced platelet aggregability, phosphorylation of vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein, platelet p-selectin expression (PS), and platelet-monocyte complexes. Results In all patients tested, area under the flow pressure curve (AUC10), which represents platelet thrombogenicity, showed weak correlation with platelet aggregation induced by either adenosine diphosphate or collagen. In addition, AUC10 was lower in patients treated with dual antiplatelet therapy (median 79.4) compared with patients treated with aspirin or clopidogrel alone (217.7 and 301.0, respectively), whereas the parameters evaluated by the other assays did not reflect the combined treatment efficacy. In clopidogrel monotherapy patients, AUC10 was associated with the severity of arterial stenosis (R(2) = 0.127, β = 1.25), and AUC10 and PS were higher in patients with severe carotid or intracranial arterial stenosis than in those with mild stenosis. Conclusions Platelet thrombus formation measurement using a flow-chamber system was useful for evaluating the efficacy of treatment with aspirin and clopidogrel, both alone and in combination. The present findings indicate that high residual platelet thrombogenicity in patients treated with clopidogrel may be associated with the severity of carotid or intracranial arterial stenosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Yamazaki
- Department of Neurology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - T Ohnishi
- Research Institute, Fujimori Kogyo Co., Ltd, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - K Hosokawa
- Research Institute, Fujimori Kogyo Co., Ltd, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - K Yamaguchi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - T Yoneyama
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - A Kawashima
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Y Okada
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - K Kitagawa
- Department of Neurology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - S Uchiyama
- Department of Neurology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Clinical Research Center for Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, Center for Brain and Cerebral Vessels, Sanno Hospital and Sanno Medical Center, Tokyo, Minato-ku, Japan
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Perera KS, Vanassche T, Bosch J, Swaminathan B, Mundl H, Giruparajah M, Barboza MA, O’Donnell MJ, Gomez-Schneider M, Hankey GJ, Yoon BW, Roxas A, Lavallee P, Sargento-Freitas J, Shamalov N, Brouns R, Gagliardi RJ, Kasner SE, Pieroni A, Vermehren P, Kitagawa K, Wang Y, Muir K, Coutinho JM, Connolly SJ, Hart RG, Czeto K, Kahn M, Mattina K, Ameriso S, Pujol-Lereis V, Hawkes M, Pertierra L, Perera N, De Smedt A, Van Dyck R, Van Hooff R, Yperzeele L, Gagliardi V, Cerqueir L, Yang X, Chen W, Amarenco P, Guidoux C, Ringleb P, Bereczki D, Vastagh I, Canavan M, Toni D, Anzini A, Colosimo C, De Michele M, Di Mascio M, Durastanti L, Falcou A, Fausti S, Mancini A, Mizumo S, Uchiyama S, Kim C, Jung S, Kim Y, Kim J, Jo J, Arauz A, Quiroz-Compean A, Colin J, Nederkoorn P, Marianito V, Cunha L, Santo G, Silva F, Coelho J, Kustova M, Meshkova K, Williams G, Siegler J, Zhang C, Gallatti N, Kruszewski M. Global Survey of the Frequency of Atrial Fibrillation–Associated Stroke. Stroke 2016; 47:2197-202. [DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.116.013378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Background and Purpose—
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is increasingly recognized as the single most important cause of disabling ischemic stroke in the elderly. We undertook an international survey to characterize the frequency of AF-associated stroke, methods of AF detection, and patient features.
Methods—
Consecutive patients hospitalized for ischemic stroke in 2013 to 2014 were surveyed from 19 stroke research centers in 19 different countries. Data were analyzed by global regions and World Bank income levels.
Results—
Of 2144 patients with ischemic stroke, 590 (28%; 95% confidence interval, 25.6–29.5) had AF-associated stroke, with highest frequencies in North America (35%) and Europe (33%) and lowest in Latin America (17%). Most had a history of AF before stroke (15%) or newly detected AF on electrocardiography (10%); only 2% of patients with ischemic stroke had unsuspected AF detected by poststroke cardiac rhythm monitoring. The mean age and 30-day mortality rate of patients with AF-associated stroke (75 years; SD, 11.5 years; 10%; 95% confidence interval, 7.6–12.6, respectively) were substantially higher than those of patients without AF (64 years; SD, 15.58 years; 4%; 95% confidence interval, 3.3–5.4;
P
<0.001 for both comparisons). There was a strong positive correlation between the mean age and the frequency of AF (
r
=0.76;
P
=0.0002).
Conclusions—
This cross-sectional global sample of patients with recent ischemic stroke shows a substantial frequency of AF-associated stroke throughout the world in proportion to the mean age of the stroke population. Most AF is identified by history or electrocardiography; the yield of conventional short-duration cardiac rhythm monitoring is relatively low. Patients with AF-associated stroke were typically elderly (>75 years old) and more often women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanjana S. Perera
- From the Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences, Ontario, Canada (K.S.P., J.B., B.S., M.G., S.J.C., R.G.H.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Belgium (T.V.); Bayer-Pharma AG, Wuppertal, Germany (H.M.); Instituto Nacional de Neurologia y Neurocirugia, Mexico D.F., Mexico (M.A.B.); University of Galway, Ireland (M.J.O.); Institute for Neurological Research, Fundacion para la Lucha contra las Enfermedades Neurologicas de la
| | - Thomas Vanassche
- From the Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences, Ontario, Canada (K.S.P., J.B., B.S., M.G., S.J.C., R.G.H.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Belgium (T.V.); Bayer-Pharma AG, Wuppertal, Germany (H.M.); Instituto Nacional de Neurologia y Neurocirugia, Mexico D.F., Mexico (M.A.B.); University of Galway, Ireland (M.J.O.); Institute for Neurological Research, Fundacion para la Lucha contra las Enfermedades Neurologicas de la
| | - Jackie Bosch
- From the Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences, Ontario, Canada (K.S.P., J.B., B.S., M.G., S.J.C., R.G.H.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Belgium (T.V.); Bayer-Pharma AG, Wuppertal, Germany (H.M.); Instituto Nacional de Neurologia y Neurocirugia, Mexico D.F., Mexico (M.A.B.); University of Galway, Ireland (M.J.O.); Institute for Neurological Research, Fundacion para la Lucha contra las Enfermedades Neurologicas de la
| | - Balakumar Swaminathan
- From the Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences, Ontario, Canada (K.S.P., J.B., B.S., M.G., S.J.C., R.G.H.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Belgium (T.V.); Bayer-Pharma AG, Wuppertal, Germany (H.M.); Instituto Nacional de Neurologia y Neurocirugia, Mexico D.F., Mexico (M.A.B.); University of Galway, Ireland (M.J.O.); Institute for Neurological Research, Fundacion para la Lucha contra las Enfermedades Neurologicas de la
| | - Hardi Mundl
- From the Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences, Ontario, Canada (K.S.P., J.B., B.S., M.G., S.J.C., R.G.H.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Belgium (T.V.); Bayer-Pharma AG, Wuppertal, Germany (H.M.); Instituto Nacional de Neurologia y Neurocirugia, Mexico D.F., Mexico (M.A.B.); University of Galway, Ireland (M.J.O.); Institute for Neurological Research, Fundacion para la Lucha contra las Enfermedades Neurologicas de la
| | - Mohana Giruparajah
- From the Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences, Ontario, Canada (K.S.P., J.B., B.S., M.G., S.J.C., R.G.H.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Belgium (T.V.); Bayer-Pharma AG, Wuppertal, Germany (H.M.); Instituto Nacional de Neurologia y Neurocirugia, Mexico D.F., Mexico (M.A.B.); University of Galway, Ireland (M.J.O.); Institute for Neurological Research, Fundacion para la Lucha contra las Enfermedades Neurologicas de la
| | - Miguel A. Barboza
- From the Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences, Ontario, Canada (K.S.P., J.B., B.S., M.G., S.J.C., R.G.H.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Belgium (T.V.); Bayer-Pharma AG, Wuppertal, Germany (H.M.); Instituto Nacional de Neurologia y Neurocirugia, Mexico D.F., Mexico (M.A.B.); University of Galway, Ireland (M.J.O.); Institute for Neurological Research, Fundacion para la Lucha contra las Enfermedades Neurologicas de la
| | - Martin J. O’Donnell
- From the Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences, Ontario, Canada (K.S.P., J.B., B.S., M.G., S.J.C., R.G.H.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Belgium (T.V.); Bayer-Pharma AG, Wuppertal, Germany (H.M.); Instituto Nacional de Neurologia y Neurocirugia, Mexico D.F., Mexico (M.A.B.); University of Galway, Ireland (M.J.O.); Institute for Neurological Research, Fundacion para la Lucha contra las Enfermedades Neurologicas de la
| | - Maia Gomez-Schneider
- From the Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences, Ontario, Canada (K.S.P., J.B., B.S., M.G., S.J.C., R.G.H.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Belgium (T.V.); Bayer-Pharma AG, Wuppertal, Germany (H.M.); Instituto Nacional de Neurologia y Neurocirugia, Mexico D.F., Mexico (M.A.B.); University of Galway, Ireland (M.J.O.); Institute for Neurological Research, Fundacion para la Lucha contra las Enfermedades Neurologicas de la
| | - Graeme J. Hankey
- From the Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences, Ontario, Canada (K.S.P., J.B., B.S., M.G., S.J.C., R.G.H.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Belgium (T.V.); Bayer-Pharma AG, Wuppertal, Germany (H.M.); Instituto Nacional de Neurologia y Neurocirugia, Mexico D.F., Mexico (M.A.B.); University of Galway, Ireland (M.J.O.); Institute for Neurological Research, Fundacion para la Lucha contra las Enfermedades Neurologicas de la
| | - Byung-Woo Yoon
- From the Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences, Ontario, Canada (K.S.P., J.B., B.S., M.G., S.J.C., R.G.H.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Belgium (T.V.); Bayer-Pharma AG, Wuppertal, Germany (H.M.); Instituto Nacional de Neurologia y Neurocirugia, Mexico D.F., Mexico (M.A.B.); University of Galway, Ireland (M.J.O.); Institute for Neurological Research, Fundacion para la Lucha contra las Enfermedades Neurologicas de la
| | - Artemio Roxas
- From the Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences, Ontario, Canada (K.S.P., J.B., B.S., M.G., S.J.C., R.G.H.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Belgium (T.V.); Bayer-Pharma AG, Wuppertal, Germany (H.M.); Instituto Nacional de Neurologia y Neurocirugia, Mexico D.F., Mexico (M.A.B.); University of Galway, Ireland (M.J.O.); Institute for Neurological Research, Fundacion para la Lucha contra las Enfermedades Neurologicas de la
| | - Philippa Lavallee
- From the Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences, Ontario, Canada (K.S.P., J.B., B.S., M.G., S.J.C., R.G.H.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Belgium (T.V.); Bayer-Pharma AG, Wuppertal, Germany (H.M.); Instituto Nacional de Neurologia y Neurocirugia, Mexico D.F., Mexico (M.A.B.); University of Galway, Ireland (M.J.O.); Institute for Neurological Research, Fundacion para la Lucha contra las Enfermedades Neurologicas de la
| | - Joao Sargento-Freitas
- From the Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences, Ontario, Canada (K.S.P., J.B., B.S., M.G., S.J.C., R.G.H.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Belgium (T.V.); Bayer-Pharma AG, Wuppertal, Germany (H.M.); Instituto Nacional de Neurologia y Neurocirugia, Mexico D.F., Mexico (M.A.B.); University of Galway, Ireland (M.J.O.); Institute for Neurological Research, Fundacion para la Lucha contra las Enfermedades Neurologicas de la
| | - Nikolay Shamalov
- From the Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences, Ontario, Canada (K.S.P., J.B., B.S., M.G., S.J.C., R.G.H.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Belgium (T.V.); Bayer-Pharma AG, Wuppertal, Germany (H.M.); Instituto Nacional de Neurologia y Neurocirugia, Mexico D.F., Mexico (M.A.B.); University of Galway, Ireland (M.J.O.); Institute for Neurological Research, Fundacion para la Lucha contra las Enfermedades Neurologicas de la
| | - Raf Brouns
- From the Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences, Ontario, Canada (K.S.P., J.B., B.S., M.G., S.J.C., R.G.H.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Belgium (T.V.); Bayer-Pharma AG, Wuppertal, Germany (H.M.); Instituto Nacional de Neurologia y Neurocirugia, Mexico D.F., Mexico (M.A.B.); University of Galway, Ireland (M.J.O.); Institute for Neurological Research, Fundacion para la Lucha contra las Enfermedades Neurologicas de la
| | - Rubens J. Gagliardi
- From the Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences, Ontario, Canada (K.S.P., J.B., B.S., M.G., S.J.C., R.G.H.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Belgium (T.V.); Bayer-Pharma AG, Wuppertal, Germany (H.M.); Instituto Nacional de Neurologia y Neurocirugia, Mexico D.F., Mexico (M.A.B.); University of Galway, Ireland (M.J.O.); Institute for Neurological Research, Fundacion para la Lucha contra las Enfermedades Neurologicas de la
| | - Scott E. Kasner
- From the Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences, Ontario, Canada (K.S.P., J.B., B.S., M.G., S.J.C., R.G.H.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Belgium (T.V.); Bayer-Pharma AG, Wuppertal, Germany (H.M.); Instituto Nacional de Neurologia y Neurocirugia, Mexico D.F., Mexico (M.A.B.); University of Galway, Ireland (M.J.O.); Institute for Neurological Research, Fundacion para la Lucha contra las Enfermedades Neurologicas de la
| | - Alessio Pieroni
- From the Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences, Ontario, Canada (K.S.P., J.B., B.S., M.G., S.J.C., R.G.H.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Belgium (T.V.); Bayer-Pharma AG, Wuppertal, Germany (H.M.); Instituto Nacional de Neurologia y Neurocirugia, Mexico D.F., Mexico (M.A.B.); University of Galway, Ireland (M.J.O.); Institute for Neurological Research, Fundacion para la Lucha contra las Enfermedades Neurologicas de la
| | - Philipp Vermehren
- From the Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences, Ontario, Canada (K.S.P., J.B., B.S., M.G., S.J.C., R.G.H.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Belgium (T.V.); Bayer-Pharma AG, Wuppertal, Germany (H.M.); Instituto Nacional de Neurologia y Neurocirugia, Mexico D.F., Mexico (M.A.B.); University of Galway, Ireland (M.J.O.); Institute for Neurological Research, Fundacion para la Lucha contra las Enfermedades Neurologicas de la
| | - Kazuo Kitagawa
- From the Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences, Ontario, Canada (K.S.P., J.B., B.S., M.G., S.J.C., R.G.H.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Belgium (T.V.); Bayer-Pharma AG, Wuppertal, Germany (H.M.); Instituto Nacional de Neurologia y Neurocirugia, Mexico D.F., Mexico (M.A.B.); University of Galway, Ireland (M.J.O.); Institute for Neurological Research, Fundacion para la Lucha contra las Enfermedades Neurologicas de la
| | - Yongjun Wang
- From the Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences, Ontario, Canada (K.S.P., J.B., B.S., M.G., S.J.C., R.G.H.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Belgium (T.V.); Bayer-Pharma AG, Wuppertal, Germany (H.M.); Instituto Nacional de Neurologia y Neurocirugia, Mexico D.F., Mexico (M.A.B.); University of Galway, Ireland (M.J.O.); Institute for Neurological Research, Fundacion para la Lucha contra las Enfermedades Neurologicas de la
| | - Keith Muir
- From the Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences, Ontario, Canada (K.S.P., J.B., B.S., M.G., S.J.C., R.G.H.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Belgium (T.V.); Bayer-Pharma AG, Wuppertal, Germany (H.M.); Instituto Nacional de Neurologia y Neurocirugia, Mexico D.F., Mexico (M.A.B.); University of Galway, Ireland (M.J.O.); Institute for Neurological Research, Fundacion para la Lucha contra las Enfermedades Neurologicas de la
| | - Jonathan M. Coutinho
- From the Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences, Ontario, Canada (K.S.P., J.B., B.S., M.G., S.J.C., R.G.H.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Belgium (T.V.); Bayer-Pharma AG, Wuppertal, Germany (H.M.); Instituto Nacional de Neurologia y Neurocirugia, Mexico D.F., Mexico (M.A.B.); University of Galway, Ireland (M.J.O.); Institute for Neurological Research, Fundacion para la Lucha contra las Enfermedades Neurologicas de la
| | - Stuart J. Connolly
- From the Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences, Ontario, Canada (K.S.P., J.B., B.S., M.G., S.J.C., R.G.H.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Belgium (T.V.); Bayer-Pharma AG, Wuppertal, Germany (H.M.); Instituto Nacional de Neurologia y Neurocirugia, Mexico D.F., Mexico (M.A.B.); University of Galway, Ireland (M.J.O.); Institute for Neurological Research, Fundacion para la Lucha contra las Enfermedades Neurologicas de la
| | - Robert G. Hart
- From the Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences, Ontario, Canada (K.S.P., J.B., B.S., M.G., S.J.C., R.G.H.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Belgium (T.V.); Bayer-Pharma AG, Wuppertal, Germany (H.M.); Instituto Nacional de Neurologia y Neurocirugia, Mexico D.F., Mexico (M.A.B.); University of Galway, Ireland (M.J.O.); Institute for Neurological Research, Fundacion para la Lucha contra las Enfermedades Neurologicas de la
| | - K. Czeto
- Population Health Research Institute (Coordinating Center), Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - M. Kahn
- Population Health Research Institute (Coordinating Center), Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - K.R. Mattina
- Population Health Research Institute (Coordinating Center), Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - S.F. Ameriso
- Institute for Neurological Research, Fundación para la Lucha contra las Enfermedades Neurológicas de la Infancia (FLENI), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - V. Pujol-Lereis
- Institute for Neurological Research, Fundación para la Lucha contra las Enfermedades Neurológicas de la Infancia (FLENI), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M. Hawkes
- Institute for Neurological Research, Fundación para la Lucha contra las Enfermedades Neurológicas de la Infancia (FLENI), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - L. Pertierra
- Institute for Neurological Research, Fundación para la Lucha contra las Enfermedades Neurológicas de la Infancia (FLENI), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - N. Perera
- School of Medicine & Pharmacology, University of Western Australia and Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Australia
| | - A. De Smedt
- Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - R. Van Dyck
- Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - L. Yperzeele
- Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - L.G. Cerqueir
- Santa Casa de São Paulo, Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - X. Yang
- Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - W. Chen
- Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | | | | | - P.A. Ringleb
- University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - I. Vastagh
- Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - M. Canavan
- Galway University Hospitals, Galway, Ireland
| | - D. Toni
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, ‘Sapienza’ University, Rome, Italy
| | - A. Anzini
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, ‘Sapienza’ University, Rome, Italy
| | - C. Colosimo
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, ‘Sapienza’ University, Rome, Italy
| | - M. De Michele
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, ‘Sapienza’ University, Rome, Italy
| | - M.T. Di Mascio
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, ‘Sapienza’ University, Rome, Italy
| | - L. Durastanti
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, ‘Sapienza’ University, Rome, Italy
| | - A. Falcou
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, ‘Sapienza’ University, Rome, Italy
| | - S. Fausti
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, ‘Sapienza’ University, Rome, Italy
| | - A. Mancini
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, ‘Sapienza’ University, Rome, Italy
| | - S. Mizumo
- Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - S. Uchiyama
- Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - C.K. Kim
- Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - S. Jung
- Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Y. Kim
- Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - J.A. Kim
- Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - J.Y. Jo
- Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - A. Arauz
- Instituto Nacional de Neurologia y Neurocirugia, Mexico D.F., Mexico
| | - A. Quiroz-Compean
- Instituto Nacional de Neurologia y Neurocirugia, Mexico D.F., Mexico
| | - J. Colin
- Instituto Nacional de Neurologia y Neurocirugia, Mexico D.F., Mexico
| | | | | | - L. Cunha
- Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - G. Santo
- Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - F. Silva
- Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - J. Coelho
- Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - M. Kustova
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - K. Meshkova
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - G. Williams
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Glasgow, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - J. Siegler
- Hospital of the University of Pennslyvania, Philadelphia
| | - C. Zhang
- Hospital of the University of Pennslyvania, Philadelphia
| | - N. Gallatti
- Hospital of the University of Pennslyvania, Philadelphia
| | - M. Kruszewski
- Hospital of the University of Pennslyvania, Philadelphia
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Nagai F, Uchiyama S, Nakagawa H. Posterior Interosseous Nerve Palsy caused by Osteoarthritic Synovitis of the Proximal Radioulnar Joint. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 31:697-8. [PMID: 16962217 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhsb.2006.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2005] [Revised: 07/02/2006] [Accepted: 07/17/2006] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Hashimoto N, Uchiyama S, Kitano M, Nakazawa T, Iwasaki T, Hashimoto T. THU0348 Assessment of Submandibular Gland Ultrasonography in Early-Stage Sjögren's Syndrome. Ann Rheum Dis 2016. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2016-eular.1469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Uchiyama S, Keller N, Schlaepfer E, Grube C, Schuepbach RA, Speck RF, Zinkernagel AS. Interferon α-Enhanced Clearance of Group A Streptococcus Despite Neutropenia. J Infect Dis 2016; 214:321-8. [PMID: 27338768 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiw157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neutrophils and monocytes are crucial for controlling bacterial infections. More-frequent bacterial infections are accordingly encountered in neutropenic patients undergoing chemotherapy. This is not the case for pegylated interferon α (IFN-α)-induced neutropenia. We hypothesized that IFN-α induces a compensatory innate antibacterial state that prevents bacterial infections despite the neutropenia. METHODS To investigate whether patients with hepatitis C virus infection treated with IFN-α killed group A Streptococcus (GAS) better than before initiating therapy, whole blood was used to perform ex vivo GAS killing assays before, during, and after IFN-α therapy. RESULTS We found that IFN-α therapy enhanced GAS killing in whole blood ex vivo despite the decreased neutrophil and monocyte numbers during IFN-α therapy. IFN-α also boosted neutrophil- and monocyte-mediated GAS killing in vitro. Underlying mechanisms included increased production of the antibacterial properdin, a regulator of the complement activation, as well as reactive oxygen species. CONCLUSIONS These findings help to explain the rather discrepant facts of neutropenia but preserved antibacterial immune defenses in patients treated with IFN-α.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nadia Keller
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology
| | | | | | - Reto A Schuepbach
- Division of Surgical Intensive Care, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Switzerland
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42
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Uchiyama S, Döhrmann S, Timmer AM, Dixit N, Ghochani M, Bhandari T, Timmer JC, Sprague K, Bubeck-Wardenburg J, Simon SI, Nizet V. Streptolysin O Rapidly Impairs Neutrophil Oxidative Burst and Antibacterial Responses to Group A Streptococcus. Front Immunol 2015; 6:581. [PMID: 26635795 PMCID: PMC4644796 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Group A Streptococcus (GAS) causes a wide range of human infections, ranging from simple pharyngitis to life-threatening necrotizing fasciitis and toxic shock syndrome. A globally disseminated clone of M1T1 GAS has been associated with an increase in severe, invasive GAS infections in recent decades. The secreted GAS pore-forming toxin streptolysin O (SLO), which induces eukaryotic cell lysis in a cholesterol-dependent manner, is highly upregulated in the GAS M1T1 clone during bloodstream dissemination. SLO is known to promote GAS resistance to phagocytic clearance by neutrophils, a critical first element of host defense against invasive bacterial infection. Here, we examine the role of SLO in modulating specific neutrophil functions during their early interaction with GAS. We find that SLO at subcytotoxic concentrations and early time points is necessary and sufficient to suppress neutrophil oxidative burst, in a manner reversed by free cholesterol and anti-SLO blocking antibodies. In addition, SLO at subcytotoxic concentrations blocked neutrophil degranulation, interleukin-8 secretion and responsiveness, and elaboration of DNA-based neutrophil extracellular traps, cumulatively supporting a key role for SLO in GAS resistance to immediate neutrophil killing. A non-toxic SLO derivate elicits protective immunity against lethal GAS challenge in a murine infection model. We conclude that SLO exerts a novel cytotoxic-independent function at early stages of invasive infections (<30 min), contributing to GAS escape from neutrophil clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Uchiyama
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego , La Jolla, CA , USA
| | - Simon Döhrmann
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego , La Jolla, CA , USA
| | - Anjuli M Timmer
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego , La Jolla, CA , USA
| | - Neha Dixit
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis , Davis, CA , USA
| | - Mariam Ghochani
- Department of Biological Sciences, San Diego State University , San Diego, CA , USA
| | - Tamara Bhandari
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego , La Jolla, CA , USA
| | - John C Timmer
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego , La Jolla, CA , USA
| | - Kimberly Sprague
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego , La Jolla, CA , USA
| | | | - Scott I Simon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis , Davis, CA , USA
| | - Victor Nizet
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego , La Jolla, CA , USA ; Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego , La Jolla, CA , USA
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Yamazaki H, Uchiyama S, Komatsu M, Hashimoto S, Kobayashi Y, Sakurai T, Kato H. Arthroscopic assistance does not improve the functional or radiographic outcome of unstable intra-articular distal radial fractures treated with a volar locking plate. Bone Joint J 2015; 97-B:957-62. [DOI: 10.1302/0301-620x.97b7.35354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
There is no consensus on the benefit of arthroscopically assisted reduction of the articular surface combined with fixation using a volar locking plate for the treatment of intra-articular distal radial fractures. In this study we compared the functional and radiographic outcomes of fluoroscopically and arthroscopically guided reduction of these fractures. Between February 2009 and May 2013, 74 patients with unilateral unstable intra-articular distal radial fractures were randomised equally into the two groups for treatment. The mean age of these 74 patients was 64 years (24 to 92). We compared functional outcomes including active range of movement of the wrist, grip strength and Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand scores at six and 48 weeks; and radiographic outcomes that included gap, step, radial inclination, volar angulation and ulnar variance. There were no significant differences between the techniques with regard to functional outcomes or radiographic parameters. The mean gap and step in the fluoroscopic and arthroscopic groups were comparable at 0.9 mm (standard deviation (sd) 0.7) and 0.7 mm (sd 0.7) and 0.6 mm (sd 0.6) and 0.4 mm (sd 0.5), respectively; p = 0.18 and p = 0.35). Arthroscopic reduction conferred no advantage over conventional fluoroscopic guidance in achieving anatomical reduction of intra-articular distal radial fractures when using a volar locking plate. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2015; 97-B:957–62.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. Yamazaki
- Aizawa Hospital, 1-5-2
Honjo, Matsumoto, 390-8510, Japan
| | - S. Uchiyama
- Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - M. Komatsu
- Aizawa Hospital, 1-5-2
Honjo, Matsumoto, 390-8510, Japan
| | - S. Hashimoto
- Aizawa Hospital, 1-5-2
Honjo, Matsumoto, 390-8510, Japan
| | - Y. Kobayashi
- Aizawa Hospital, 1-5-2
Honjo, Matsumoto, 390-8510, Japan
| | - T. Sakurai
- Aizawa Hospital, 1-5-2
Honjo, Matsumoto, 390-8510, Japan
| | - H. Kato
- Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
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Hashimoto N, Uchiyama S, Kitano M, Sano H, Iwasaki T, Hashimoto T. FRI0414 Assessment of Salivary Gland Functions and Submandibular Gland Ultrasonography Findings During 10-Years Follow-Up in Patients with Sjögren's Syndrome. Ann Rheum Dis 2015. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2015-eular.1700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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45
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Andreoni F, Ogawa T, Ogawa M, Madon J, Uchiyama S, Schuepbach RA, Zinkernagel AS. The IL-8 protease SpyCEP is detrimental for Group A Streptococcus host-cells interaction and biofilm formation. Front Microbiol 2014; 5:339. [PMID: 25071751 PMCID: PMC4090674 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2014.00339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
SpyCEP-mediated chemokine degradation translates into more efficient spreading and increased severity of invasive Group A Streptococcus (GAS) infections, due to impaired neutrophil recruitment to the site of infection. SpyCEP is markedly up-regulated in invasive as compared to colonizing GAS isolates raising the question whether SpyCEP expression hinders bacterial attachment and thus colonization of the host. To address this question we used a molecular approach involving the use of homologous GAS strains either expressing or not SpyCEP or expressing an enzymatically inactive variant of SpyCEP. We found that expression of enzymatically functional SpyCEP lowered GAS adherence and invasion potential toward various epithelial and endothelial cells. SpyCEP also blunted biofilm formation capacity. Our data indicate that expression of SpyCEP decreases colonization and thus might be detrimental for the spreading of GAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Andreoni
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Taiji Ogawa
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mariko Ogawa
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jerzy Madon
- Surgical Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Satoshi Uchiyama
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Reto A Schuepbach
- Surgical Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Annelies S Zinkernagel
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich Zurich, Switzerland
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46
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Schilcher K, Andreoni F, Uchiyama S, Ogawa T, Schuepbach RA, Zinkernagel AS. Increased neutrophil extracellular trap-mediated Staphylococcus aureus clearance through inhibition of nuclease activity by clindamycin and immunoglobulin. J Infect Dis 2014; 210:473-82. [PMID: 24526740 PMCID: PMC4091580 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiu091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The Gram-positive human pathogen Staphylococcus aureus causes a variety of human diseases such as skin infections, pneumonia, and endocarditis. The micrococcal nuclease Nuc1 is one of the major S. aureus virulence factors and allows the bacterium to avoid neutrophil extracellular trap (NET)–mediated killing. We found that addition of the protein synthesis inhibitor clindamycin to S. aureus LAC cultures decreased nuc1 transcription and subsequently blunted nuclease activity in a molecular beacon–based fluorescence assay. We also observed reduced NET degradation through Nuc1 inhibition translating into increased NET-mediated clearance. Similarly, pooled human immunoglobulin specifically inhibited nuclease activity in a concentration-dependent manner. Inhibition of nuclease activity by clindamycin and immunoglobulin enhanced S. aureus clearance and should be considered in the treatment of S. aureus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Taiji Ogawa
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology
| | - Reto A Schuepbach
- Division of Surgical Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Switzerland
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Uchiyama S. [Sleep disorder]. Seishin Shinkeigaku Zasshi 2014; 116:1028-1034. [PMID: 26027064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
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Hlaing Z, Wajima T, Uchiyama S, Nakagome H. Reduction of Bromine Compounds in the Pyrolysis Oil of Computer Casing Plastics Using Shell, Ca(OH)2 and NaOH. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apcbee.2014.10.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Uchiyama S, Itsubo T, Nakamura K, Fujinaga Y, Sato N, Imaeda T, Kadoya M, Kato H. Effect of early administration of alendronate after surgery for distal radial fragility fracture on radiological fracture healing time. Bone Joint J 2013; 95-B:1544-50. [PMID: 24151277 DOI: 10.1302/0301-620x.95b11.31652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
This multicentre prospective clinical trial aimed to determine whether early administration of alendronate (ALN) delays fracture healing after surgical treatment of fractures of the distal radius. The study population comprised 80 patients (four men and 76 women) with a mean age of 70 years (52 to 86) with acute fragility fractures of the distal radius requiring open reduction and internal fixation with a volar locking plate and screws. Two groups of 40 patients each were randomly allocated either to receive once weekly oral ALN administration (35 mg) within a few days after surgery and continued for six months, or oral ALN administration delayed until four months after surgery. Postero-anterior and lateral radiographs of the affected wrist were taken monthly for six months after surgery. No differences between groups was observed with regard to gender (p = 1.0), age (p = 0.916), fracture classification (p = 0.274) or bone mineral density measured at the spine (p = 0.714). The radiographs were assessed by three independent assessors. There were no significant differences in the mean time to complete cortical bridging observed between the ALN group (3.5 months (SE 0.16)) and the no-ALN group (3.1 months (SE 0.15)) (p = 0.068). All the fractures healed in the both groups by the last follow-up. Improvement of the Quick-Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (QuickDASH) score, grip strength, wrist range of movement, and tenderness over the fracture site did not differ between the groups over the six-month period. Based on our results, early administration of ALN after surgery for distal radius fracture did not appear to delay fracture healing times either radiologically or clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Uchiyama
- Shinshu University School of Medicine, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shinshu Society for Surgery of the Upper Extremities, Asahi 3-1-1, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan
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50
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Ono Y, Abe K, Suzuki K, Iimura H, Sakai S, Uchiyama S, Okada Y. Usefulness of 4D-CTA in the detection of cerebral dural sinus occlusion or stenosis with collateral pathways. Neuroradiol J 2013; 26:428-38. [PMID: 24007731 DOI: 10.1177/197140091302600408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2013] [Accepted: 07/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In time-resolved CT angiography (4D-CTA), it is of substantial merit to detect the veins and sinuses of the whole brain with the simultaneous demonstration of the natural drainage flow in order to find occlusion or stenosis of the dural sinuses with collateral pathways. As preoperative information for patients with brain tumors, it is important to detect feeding arteries, incidentally found aneurysms or other vascular lesions, and to detect patency of the dural sinuses and the important cortical veins, whether they are compressed by tumors or not. On the other hand, cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) may occur in patients due to various causes, which has not been unusual in recent years. For patients with acute symptomatic or chronic non-symptomatic CVT, identification of dural sinus occlusion (DSO) or dural sinus stenosis (DSS) and compensatory collateral pathways is necessary for suitable thrombolytic therapy or careful investigation to avoid further CVT. This study reviews our experiences in 116 cases of 4D-CTA for 90 patients with brain tumors and 26 other patients including 11 with arteriovenous malformation, and four with acute CVT and other conditions. 4D-CTA presented DSO/DSS with compensatory venous collateral pathways, which was helpful to detect the severity of the venous abnormality, and see whether it was compressed by brain tumors, or due to other causes in patients with symptomatic or non-symptomatic CVT. 4D-CTA is a useful non-invasive diagnostic tool to detect cerebral venous abnormalities as an alternative to DSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Ono
- Department of the Diagnostic Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University; Tokyo, Shinjuku-ku, Japan - ,
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