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Chen Q, He Z, Wang Y, Yang X, Liu N, Zhang S, Ma L, Shi X, Jia X, Yang Y, Sun Y, He Y. Effect of Maternal Pre-Pregnancy Body Mass Index on Longitudinal Fetal Growth and Mediating Role of Maternal Fasting Plasma Glucose: A Retrospective Cohort Study. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2024; 17:1911-1921. [PMID: 38711675 PMCID: PMC11073526 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s449706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose To assess the impact of maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) on longitudinal fetal growth, and the potential mediation effect of the maternal fasting plasma glucose in first trimester. Methods In this retrospective cohort study, we collected pre-pregnancy BMI data and ultrasound measurements during pregnancy of 3879 singleton pregnant women who underwent antenatal examinations and delivered at Peking Union Medical College Hospital. Generalized estimation equations, linear regression, and logistic regression were used to examine the association between pre-pregnancy BMI with fetal growth and adverse neonatal outcomes. Mediation analyses were also used to examine the mediating role of maternal fasting plasma glucose (FPG) in first trimester. Results A per 1 Kg/m² increase in pre-pregnancy BMI was associated with increase fetal body length Z-score (β 0.010, 95% CI 0.001, 0.019) and fetal body weight (β 0.017, 95% CI 0.008, 0.027). In mid pregnancy, pre-pregnancy BMI also correlated with an increase Z-score of fetal abdominal circumference, femur length (FL). Pre-pregnancy BMI was associated with an increased risk of large for gestational age and macrosomia. Mediation analysis indicated that the associations between pre-pregnancy BMI and fetal weight in mid and late pregnancy, and at birth were partially mediated by maternal FPG in first trimester (mediation proportion: 5.0%, 8.3%, 1.6%, respectively). Conclusion Maternal pre-pregnancy BMI was associated with the longitudinal fetal growth, and the association was partly driven by maternal FPG in first trimester. The study emphasized the importance of identifying and managing mothers with higher pre-pregnancy BMI to prevent fetal overgrowth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinzheng Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhen He
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yaxin Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Clinical Research Center for Obstetric & Gynecologic Diseases, Peking Union Medical College (PUMC) Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) and PUMC, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuanjin Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Clinical Research Center for Obstetric & Gynecologic Diseases, Peking Union Medical College (PUMC) Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) and PUMC, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Nana Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Clinical Research Center for Obstetric & Gynecologic Diseases, Peking Union Medical College (PUMC) Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) and PUMC, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Suhan Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Clinical Research Center for Obstetric & Gynecologic Diseases, Peking Union Medical College (PUMC) Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) and PUMC, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liangkun Ma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Clinical Research Center for Obstetric & Gynecologic Diseases, Peking Union Medical College (PUMC) Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) and PUMC, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuezhong Shi
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaocan Jia
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yongli Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yin Sun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Clinical Research Center for Obstetric & Gynecologic Diseases, Peking Union Medical College (PUMC) Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) and PUMC, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuan He
- National Human Genetic Resources Center, National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
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Zaugg J, Lopez-Tello J, Musial B, Vaughan OR, Fowden AL, Albrecht C, Sferruzzi-Perri AN. Obesogenic diet in pregnancy disrupts placental iron handling and ferroptosis and stress signalling in association with fetal growth alterations. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:151. [PMID: 38526599 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-024-05192-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Obesity and gestational diabetes (GDM) impact fetal growth during pregnancy. Iron is an essential micronutrient needed for energy-intense feto-placental development, but if mis-handled can lead to oxidative stress and ferroptosis (iron-dependent cell death). In a mouse model showing maternal obesity and glucose intolerance, we investigated the association of materno-fetal iron handling and placental ferroptosis, oxidative damage and stress signalling activation with fetal growth. Female mice were fed a standard chow or high fat, high sugar (HFHS) diet during pregnancy and outcomes were measured at day (d)16 or d19 of pregnancy. In HFHS-fed mice, maternal hepcidin was reduced and iron status maintained (tissue iron levels) at both d16 and d19. However, fetal weight, placental iron transfer capacity, iron deposition, TFR1 expression and ERK2-mediated signalling were reduced and oxidative damage-related lipofuscin accumulation in the placenta was increased in HFHS-fed mice. At d19, whilst TFR1 remained decreased, fetal weight was normal and placental weight, iron content and iron transporter genes (Dmt1, Zip14, and Fpn1) were reduced in HFHS-fed mice. Furthermore, there was stress kinase activation (increased phosphorylated p38MAPK, total ERK and JNK) in the placenta from HFHS-fed mice at d19. In summary, a maternal HFHS diet during pregnancy impacts fetal growth trajectory in association with changes in placental iron handling, ferroptosis and stress signalling. Downregulation of placental iron transporters in HFHS mice may protect the fetus from excessive oxidative iron. These findings suggest a role for alterations in placental iron homeostasis in determining perinatal outcomes of pregnancies associated with GDM and/or maternal obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Zaugg
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EG, UK
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, Bühlstrasse 28, CH-3012, Bern, Switzerland
- Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) TransCure, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jorge Lopez-Tello
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EG, UK
| | - Barbara Musial
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EG, UK
| | - Owen R Vaughan
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EG, UK
| | - Abigail L Fowden
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EG, UK
| | - Christiane Albrecht
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, Bühlstrasse 28, CH-3012, Bern, Switzerland.
- Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) TransCure, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Amanda N Sferruzzi-Perri
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EG, UK.
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Chen H, Chen Y, Zheng Q. The regulated cell death at the maternal-fetal interface: beneficial or detrimental? Cell Death Discov 2024; 10:100. [PMID: 38409106 PMCID: PMC10897449 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-024-01867-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Regulated cell death (RCD) plays a fundamental role in placental development and tissue homeostasis. Placental development relies upon effective implantation and invasion of the maternal decidua by the trophoblast and an immune tolerant environment maintained by various cells at the maternal-fetal interface. Although cell death in the placenta can affect fetal development and even cause pregnancy-related diseases, accumulating evidence has revealed that several regulated cell death were found at the maternal-fetal interface under physiological or pathological conditions, the exact types of cell death and the precise molecular mechanisms remain elusive. In this review, we summarized the apoptosis, necroptosis and autophagy play both promoting and inhibiting roles in the differentiation, invasion of trophoblast, remodeling of the uterine spiral artery and decidualization, whereas ferroptosis and pyroptosis have adverse effects. RCD serves as a mode of communication between different cells to better maintain the maternal-fetal interface microenvironment. Maintaining the balance of RCD at the maternal-fetal interface is of utmost importance for the development of the placenta, establishment of an immune microenvironment, and prevention of pregnancy disorders. In addition, we also revealed an association between abnormal expression of key molecules in different types of RCD and pregnancy-related diseases, which may yield significant insights into the pathogenesis and treatment of pregnancy-related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Chen
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 3025# Shennan Road, Shenzhen, 518000, P.R. China
| | - Yin Chen
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 3025# Shennan Road, Shenzhen, 518000, P.R. China
| | - Qingliang Zheng
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 3025# Shennan Road, Shenzhen, 518000, P.R. China.
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Ding A, Wan H, Peng J, Wang H, Zhu S, Dong X. Role of placental barrier on trace element transfer in maternal fetal system and hypertensive disorders complicating pregnancy and gestational diabetes mellitus. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2023; 23:867. [PMID: 38104073 PMCID: PMC10724887 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-023-06183-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypertensive disorders complicating pregnancy (HDCP) and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) can affect the placental barrier function to varying degrees. However, current studies show that the transfer and distribution characteristics of trace elements in the maternal-fetal system are still unclear. This study investigated the effect of the placental barrier on the transfer of trace elements from mother to fetus and its relationship with HDCP and GDM. METHODS A case-control method was used in this study. 140 pairs of samples were collected; 60 were from healthy pregnant women, and 80 were from patients with pregnancy complications. The contents of trace elements in paired samples were determined by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). SPSS software was used to analyze the differences in trace element levels in matched samples of each group. The correlations were analyzed based on Pearson's correlation factor (r). RESULTS The distribution characteristics of Fe content in the pathological group (HDCP group and GDM group) were the same as those in the normal group (umbilical cord blood > maternal blood > placenta), but there was no significant difference in the iron content in maternal blood and cord blood of pathological group. The distribution characteristics of Mn content in the pathological group (placenta > umbilical cord blood > maternal blood) were changed compared with those in the normal group (placenta > maternal blood > umbilical cord blood). In addition, the placental Cr content and cord blood Cr and Ni content of the pathological group were higher than those of the normal group. HDCP placental Cr and GDM placental Fe levels were significantly correlated with the Apgar score. CONCLUSIONS The transfer of Fe and Mn and the placental barrier function of Cr and Ni in the maternal-fetal system of HDCP and GDM are significantly altered, which directly or indirectly increases the maternal and fetal health risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ailing Ding
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science & Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
- The Obstetrical Department of the First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650032, China
| | - Huimin Wan
- Medical school, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
- The Obstetrical Department of the First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650032, China
| | - Juan Peng
- The Obstetrical Department of the First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650032, China
| | - Huizi Wang
- The Obstetrical Department of the First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650032, China
| | - Shaodan Zhu
- The Obstetrical Department of the First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650032, China
| | - Xudong Dong
- The Obstetrical Department of the First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650032, China.
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Zhao Y, Gao Q, Li B, Wang Y, Wang Y. Ferroptosis and its potential role in gestational diabetes mellitus: updated evidence from pathogenesis to therapy. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1177547. [PMID: 37664858 PMCID: PMC10471987 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1177547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Studies have demonstrated that high iron status is positively associated with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), implying that iron overload and ferroptosis play important roles in the development of GDM. The aim of this study was to explore effective therapeutic drugs from traditional Chinese medicine (TCM)formulas for the treatment of GDM based on ferroptosis. Methods In this study, the presence of ferroptosis in the placenta was verified through clinical and experimental data, and key genes were subsequently screened for association with ferroptosis in the development of GDM. The analysis was based on transcriptome sequencing of datasets combined with differentially expressed genes (DEGs) analysis and weighted gene correlation network analysis (WGCNA); functional enrichment analysis was also performed. A protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed and pivotal genes were identified using Cytoscape. Finally, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM)formulas related to treating GDM were collected, then the proteins corresponding to the key genes were molecularly docked with the small molecular structures of clinically proven effective herbal tonics, and molecular dynamic simulations were performed to select the best candidates for pharmacological compounds. Results Elevated ferritin levels in patients with GDM were verified using clinical data. The presence of ferroptosis in placental tissues of patients with GDM was confirmed using electron microscopy and western blotting. Ninety-nine key genes with the highest correlation with ferroptosis were identified from DEGs and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). Analysis using the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes demonstrated that the DEGs were primarily involved in the oxidative phosphorylation pathway. The key genes were further screened by PPI; two key genes, SF3B14 and BABAM1, were identified by combining the gene corresponding to protein structure and function, followed by molecular docking and molecular dynamic simulation. Coptis chinensis was proposed as the best candidate for herbal treatment at the molecular level. Conclusion This data revealed the presence of ferroptosis in patients with GDM and identified possible modulatory roles of ferroptosis-related genes involved in the molecular mechanisms of GDM, providing new insights into the pathogenesis of GDM, which also provided new directions for the systematic optimization of TCM formulas for the management and targeted treatment of GDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Qianqian Gao
- Department of Obstetrics, Weifang People’s Hospital, Weifang, ShanDong, China
| | - Baoxuan Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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Hu M, Huang J, Chen L, Sun XR, Yao ZM, Tong XH, Jin WJ, Zhang YX, Dong SY. Upregulation of CDGSH iron sulfur domain 2 attenuates cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. Neural Regen Res 2023; 18:1512-1520. [PMID: 36571356 PMCID: PMC10075131 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.355766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
CDGSH iron sulfur domain 2 can inhibit ferroptosis, which has been associated with cerebral ischemia/reperfusion, in individuals with head and neck cancer. Therefore, CDGSH iron sulfur domain 2 may be implicated in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. To validate this hypothesis in the present study, we established mouse models of occlusion of the middle cerebral artery and HT22 cell models of oxygen-glucose deprivation and reoxygenation to mimic cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in vivo and in vitro, respectively. We found remarkably decreased CDGSH iron sulfur domain 2 expression in the mouse brain tissue and HT22 cells. When we used adeno-associated virus and plasmid to up-regulate CDGSH iron sulfur domain 2 expression in the brain tissue and HT22 cell models separately, mouse neurological dysfunction was greatly improved; the cerebral infarct volume was reduced; the survival rate of HT22 cells was increased; HT22 cell injury was alleviated; the expression of ferroptosis-related glutathione peroxidase 4, cystine-glutamate antiporter, and glutathione was increased; the levels of malondialdehyde, iron ions, and the expression of transferrin receptor 1 were decreased; and the expression of nuclear-factor E2-related factor 2/heme oxygenase 1 was increased. Inhibition of CDGSH iron sulfur domain 2 upregulation via the nuclear-factor E2-related factor 2 inhibitor ML385 in oxygen-glucose deprived and reoxygenated HT22 cells blocked the neuroprotective effects of CDGSH iron sulfur domain 2 up-regulation and the activation of the nuclear-factor E2-related factor 2/heme oxygenase 1 pathway. Our data indicate that the up-regulation of CDGSH iron sulfur domain 2 can attenuate cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury, thus providing theoretical support from the perspectives of cytology and experimental zoology for the use of this protein as a therapeutic target in patients with cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui Province, China
| | - Jie Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui Province, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui Province, China
| | - Xiao-Rong Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui Province, China
| | - Zi-Meng Yao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui Province, China
| | - Xu-Hui Tong
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui Province, China
| | - Wen-Jing Jin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui Province, China
| | - Yu-Xin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui Province, China
| | - Shu-Ying Dong
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Bengbu Medical College; Anhui Engineering Technology Research Center of Biochemical Pharmaceutical, Bengbu, Anhui Province, China
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Shen X, Obore N, Wang Y, Yu T, Yu H. The Role of Ferroptosis in Placental-Related Diseases. Reprod Sci 2023; 30:2079-2086. [PMID: 36930425 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-023-01193-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a recently identified form of programmed cell death which is different from apoptosis, pyroptosis, necrosis, and autophagy. It is uniquely defined by redox-active iron-dependent hydroxy-peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)-containing phospholipids and a loss of lipid peroxidation repair capacity. Ferroptosis has recently been implicated in multiple human diseases, such as tumors, ischemia-reperfusion injury, acute kidney injury, neurological diseases, and asthma among others. Intriguingly, ferroptosis is associated with placental physiology and trophoblast injury. Circumstances such as accumulation of lipid reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to hypoxia-reperfusion and anoxia-reoxygenation of trophoblast during placental development, the abundance of trophoblastic iron and PUFA, physiological uterine contractions, or pathological placental bed perfusion, cause placental trophoblasts' susceptibility to ferroptosis. Ferroptosis of trophoblast can cause placental dysfunction, which may be involved in the occurrence and development of placenta-related diseases such as gestational diabetes mellitus, preeclampsia, fetal growth restriction, preterm birth, and abortion. The regulatory mechanisms of trophoblastic ferroptosis still need to be explored further. Here, we summarize the latest progress in trophoblastic ferroptosis research on placental-related diseases, provide references for further understanding of its pathogenesis, and propose new strategies for the prevention and treatment of placental-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Shen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Southeast University Affiliated Zhongda Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Nathan Obore
- Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yixiao Wang
- Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tianyi Yu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Southeast University Affiliated Zhongda Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Hong Yu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Southeast University Affiliated Zhongda Hospital, Nanjing, China.
- Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China.
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Zhao D, Liu D, Shi W, Shan L, Yue W, Qu P, Yin C, Mi Y. Association between Maternal Blood Glucose Levels during Pregnancy and Birth Outcomes: A Birth Cohort Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:2102. [PMID: 36767469 PMCID: PMC9915873 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20032102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the relationship between maternal blood glucose levels during pregnancy and neonatal birth outcomes in Northwest China. METHODS This population-based cohort study included 10,010 first-trimester pregnant women who joined the birth cohort of the Northwest Women's and Children's Hospital from July 2018 to July 2020. Basic demographic characteristics, lifestyle and behavior patterns were collected. Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) results during the second trimester and pregnancy outcomes after childbirth were also collected. A generalized linear model was constructed to analyze the effects of blood glucose levels on neonatal birth outcomes. RESULTS We found that every 1 mmol/L increase in fasting plasma glucose (FPG) was associated with an increase in birth weight (β = 100.22 g, 95% confidence interval (95%CI): 81.91, 118.52), birth weight Z score (β = 0.23, 95%CI: 0.19, 0.27) and birth weight Z centile (β = 6.72%, 95%CI: 5.51, 7.94). Moreover, the risk of macrosomia, premature birth and being born large for gestational age (LGA) increased by 2.01 (95%CI: 1.67, 2.43), 1.35 (95%CI: 1.09, 1.66) and 1.80 (95%CI: 1.57, 2.07) times, respectively. Additionally, for every 1 mmol/L increase in FPG associated with a decrease in gestational age (β = -0.12 weeks, 95%CI: -0.19, -0.06), the risk of SGA decreased by 0.70 (OR = 0.70, 95%CI: 0.55, 0.89) times. Every 1 mmol/L increase in 1/2-h PG had similar outcomes as FPG, besides premature birth and SGA. CONCLUSIONS Higher blood glucose in pregnant women may increase neonatal birth weight, decrease gestational age and lead to a higher risk of macrosomia, premature birth and LGA. Mothers should actively prevent and control hyperglycemia to promote maternal and infant health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doudou Zhao
- Translational Medicine Center, Northwest Women’s and Children’s Hospital, No. 1616 Yanxiang Road, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Danmeng Liu
- Translational Medicine Center, Northwest Women’s and Children’s Hospital, No. 1616 Yanxiang Road, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Wenhao Shi
- The Assisted Reproduction Center, Northwest Women’s and Children’s Hospital, No. 1616 Yanxiang Road, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Li Shan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northwest Women’s and Children’s Hospital, No. 1616 Yanxiang Road, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Wentao Yue
- Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing 100026, China
| | - Pengfei Qu
- Translational Medicine Center, Northwest Women’s and Children’s Hospital, No. 1616 Yanxiang Road, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Chenghong Yin
- Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing 100026, China
| | - Yang Mi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northwest Women’s and Children’s Hospital, No. 1616 Yanxiang Road, Xi’an 710061, China
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Disordered Maternal and Fetal Iron Metabolism Occurs in Preterm Births in Human. DISEASE MARKERS 2022; 2022:1664474. [PMID: 36046373 PMCID: PMC9423993 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1664474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background. Increasing evidence reveals that iron deficiency during pregnancy causes adverse pregnancy outcomes. Thus far, the mechanisms underlying iron deficiency-associated preterm birth are mostly limited to animal studies. Whether the suggested mechanisms exist in human requires further investigation. The goal of this study was to characterize the iron metabolism in both the maternal side and fetal side in pregnant women with preterm birth. Methods. Serum and placenta samples were collected from 42 pregnant women divided into four groups according to the gestational week. Indicators of iron metabolism, including serum iron, serum hepcidin, placental tissue iron, ferroportin (FPN), transferrin receptor 1 (TfR1), and ferritin, were surveyed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (Elisa), Western blots, and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reactions (qRT-PCR). Results. Significant reduction of maternal serum iron was observed in women with preterm birth relative to those with full-term birth, indicative of worsen iron deficiency in those mothers with preterm birth. Meanwhile, the maternal hepcidin levels were notably diminished in women with preterm birth, whereas the fetal hepcidin levels were comparable between the two groups. Moreover, the placental iron stores were remarkably reduced in the preterm group, associated with reduced concentration of TfR1 and increased FPN concentration relative to the normal controls. In other words, the ratio of placental FPN mass to TfR1 mass (PIDI index) was strikingly increased in the preterm group. Conclusions. Dysregulated iron homeostasis in both the maternal and fetal sides was implicated in preterm births, and disordered regulations in maintaining the placental iron equilibrium were also presumed to account for the compromised fetal iron supply.
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Iron Metabolism and Ferroptosis in Physiological and Pathological Pregnancy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169395. [PMID: 36012659 PMCID: PMC9409111 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron is a vital element in nearly every living organism. During pregnancy, optimal iron concentration is essential for both maternal health and fetal development. As the barrier between the mother and fetus, placenta plays a pivotal role in mediating and regulating iron transport. Imbalances in iron metabolism correlate with severe adverse pregnancy outcomes. Like most other nutrients, iron exhibits a U-shaped risk curve. Apart from iron deficiency, iron overload is also dangerous since labile iron can generate reactive oxygen species, which leads to oxidative stress and activates ferroptosis. In this review, we summarized the molecular mechanism and regulation signals of placental iron trafficking under physiological conditions. In addition, we revealed the role of iron metabolism and ferroptosis in the view of preeclampsia and gestational diabetes mellitus, which may bring new insight to the pathogenesis and treatment of pregnancy-related diseases.
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11
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Zaugg J, Solenthaler F, Albrecht C. Materno-fetal iron transfer and the emerging role of ferroptosis pathways. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 202:115141. [PMID: 35700759 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A successful pregnancy and the birth of a healthy baby depend to a great extent on the controlled supply of essential nutrients via the placenta. Iron is essential for mitochondrial energy supply and oxygen distribution via the blood. However, its high reactivity requires tightly regulated transport processes. Disturbances of maternal-fetal iron transfer during pregnancy can aggravate or lead to severe pathological consequences for the mother and the fetus with lifelong effects. Furthermore, high intracellular iron levels due to disturbed gestational iron homeostasis have recently been associated with the non-apoptotic cell death pathway called ferroptosis. Therefore, the investigation of transplacental iron transport mechanisms, their physiological regulation and potential risks are of high clinical importance. The present review summarizes the current knowledge on principles and regulatory mechanisms underlying materno-fetal iron transport and gives insight into common pregnancy conditions in which iron homeostasis is disturbed. Moreover, the significance of the newly emerging ferroptosis pathway and its impact on the regulation of placental iron homeostasis, oxidative stress and gestational diseases will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Zaugg
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bern, Switzerland; Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) TransCure, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Fabia Solenthaler
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bern, Switzerland; Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) TransCure, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Christiane Albrecht
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bern, Switzerland; Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) TransCure, University of Bern, Switzerland.
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12
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Langley-Evans SC. Early life programming of health and disease: the long-term consequences of obesity in pregnancy: a narrative review. J Hum Nutr Diet 2022; 35:816-832. [PMID: 35475555 PMCID: PMC9540012 DOI: 10.1111/jhn.13023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of overweight and obesity is rising in all parts of the world and among young women it presents a very clear danger during pregnancy. Women who are overweight or who gain excessive weight during pregnancy are at greater risk of complications in pregnancy and labour, and are more likely to lose their child to stillbirth, or themselves die during pregnancy. This narrative review considers the evidence that in addition to increasing risk of poor pregnancy outcomes, obesity has the capacity to programme fetuses to be at greater risk of cardiometabolic disorders later in life. An extensive body of evidence from prospective and retrospective cohorts, and record linkage studies demonstrates associations of maternal obesity and/or gestational diabetes with cardiovascular disease, type-1 and type-2 diabetes. Studies in animals suggest that these associations are underpinned by adaptations that occur in fetal life, which remodel the structures of major organs including the brain, kidney and pancreas. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon C Langley-Evans
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, LE12 5RD
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13
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Karahoda R, Zaugg J, Fuenzalida B, Kallol S, Moser-Haessig R, Staud F, Albrecht C. Trophoblast Differentiation Affects Crucial Nutritive Functions of Placental Membrane Transporters. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:820286. [PMID: 35273963 PMCID: PMC8901483 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.820286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytotrophoblasts are progenitor cells that proliferate and fuse to form the multinucleated syncytiotrophoblast layer, implicated in placental endocrine and transport functions. While membrane transporters play a critical role in the distribution of nutrients, hormones, and xenobiotics at the maternal-fetal interface, their selectivity to the syncytiotrophoblast layer is poorly characterized. We aimed to evaluate the regulation of placental transporters in response to trophoblast differentiation in vitro. Experiments were carried out in isolated primary human trophoblast cells before and after syncytialization. Gene expression of six molecular markers and thirty membrane transporters was investigated by qPCR analysis. Subsequently, functional expression was evaluated for proteins involved in the transplacental transfer of essential nutrients i.e., cholesterol (ABCA1, ABCG1), glucose (SLC2A1), leucine (SLC3A2, SLC7A5), and iron (transferrin receptor, TfR1). We identified that human chorionic gonadotropin, placental lactogen, endoglin, and cadherin-11 serve as optimal gene markers for the syncytialization process. We showed that trophoblast differentiation was associated with differential gene expression (mostly up-regulation) of several nutrient and drug transporters. Further, we revealed enhanced protein expression and activity of ABCG1, SLC3A2, SLC7A5, and TfR1 in syncytialized cells, with ABCA1 and GLUT1 displaying no change. Taken together, these results indicate that the syncytiotrophoblast has a dominant role in transporting essential nutrients cholesterol, leucine, and iron. Nonetheless, we present evidence that the cytotrophoblast cells may also be linked to transport functions that could be critical for the cell fusion processes. Our findings collectively yield new insights into the cellular functions associated with or altered by the trophoblast fusion. Importantly, defective syncytialization could lead to nutrient transfer imbalance, ultimately compromising fetal development and programming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rona Karahoda
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Jonas Zaugg
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research, NCCR TransCure, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Barbara Fuenzalida
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sampada Kallol
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research, NCCR TransCure, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Frantisek Staud
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Christiane Albrecht
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research, NCCR TransCure, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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14
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Li S, Yang Y, Liu F, Song Q. Molecular Mechanism of miR-29b on Gestational Diabetes and Its Influence on Trophoblast Cell Function. J BIOMATER TISS ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1166/jbt.2022.2871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
To explore the mechanism of miR-29b in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and its effect on the function of trophoblast cell (TBC), the placenta tissues of 55 normal term pregnancies and 55 GDM patients were selected and rolled into control group and observation group. In the early
stage, microRNA (miRNA) chips were utilized to screen the differentially expressed miRNAs in the placenta of observation group and control group. According to the microarray results of miRNAs, three differentially expressed miRNAs, namely let-7b, miR-1202, and miR-29b were selected. Then,
the differences in the miR-29b level in the four groups were analyzed, namely the microRNA-29b (miR-29b minic), mini-control (minic control), microRNA-29b inhibitor (miR-29b inhibitor), and inhibitor control (inhibitor control). The results showed that miR-29b level in the placenta of observation
group was substantially inferior to that of controls, with remarkable differences (P < 0.05). miR-29b level in miR-29b minic and minic control had significant changes (P < 0.01). The TBC activity of minic control was greatly superior to that of minic control, and there
was considerable difference between the two (P < 0.05). The difference between miR-29b inhibitor and inhibitor control in TBC was not obvious, without considerable differences (P > 0.05). The invasion ability of miR-29b inhibitor TBC was notably superior to inhibitor control,
and there were substantial differences (P < 0.05). To sum up, miR-29b had a significant inhibitory effect on the proliferation and cell activity of TBC, and can promote the apoptosis and death of TBC. Moreover, its inhibitory effect on cell migration and invasion was also suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Li
- School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, Hubei, China
| | - Youhua Yang
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, Hubei, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Obstetrics, Hubei Maternal and Child Health Hospital Affiliated to Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Qian Song
- Department of Obstetrics, Wuhan No. 6 Hospital Affiliated to Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430014, Hubei, China
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15
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Liang ZL, Tan HW, Wu JY, Chen XL, Wang XY, Xu YM, Lau ATY. The Impact of ZIP8 Disease-Associated Variants G38R, C113S, G204C, and S335T on Selenium and Cadmium Accumulations: The First Characterization. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111399. [PMID: 34768831 PMCID: PMC8583799 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The metal cation symporter ZIP8 (SLC39A8) is a transmembrane protein that imports the essential micronutrients iron, manganese, and zinc, as well as heavy toxic metal cadmium (Cd). It has been recently suggested that selenium (Se), another essential micronutrient that has long been known for its role in human health and cancer risk, may also be transported by the ZIP8 protein. Several mutations in the ZIP8 gene are associated with the aberrant ion homeostasis of cells and can lead to human diseases. However, the intricate relationships between ZIP8 mutations, cellular Se homeostasis, and human diseases (including cancers and illnesses associated with Cd exposure) have not been explored. To further verify if ZIP8 is involved in cellular Se transportation, we first knockout (KO) the endogenous expression of ZIP8 in the HeLa cells using the CRISPR/Cas9 system. The elimination of ZIP8 expression was examined by PCR, DNA sequencing, immunoblot, and immunofluorescence analyses. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry indicated that reduced uptake of Se, along with other micronutrients and Cd, was observed in the ZIP8-KO cells. In contrast, when ZIP8 was overexpressed, increased Se uptake could be detected in the ZIP8-overexpressing cells. Additionally, we found that ZIP8 with disease-associated single-point mutations G38R, G204C, and S335T, but not C113S, showed reduced Se transport ability. We then evaluated the potential of Se on Cd cytotoxicity prevention and therapy of cancers. Results indicated that Se could suppress Cd-induced cytotoxicity via decreasing the intracellular Cd transported by ZIP8, and Se exhibited excellent anticancer activity against not all but only selected cancer cell lines, under restricted experimental conditions. Moreover, clinical-based bioinformatic analyses revealed that up-regulated ZIP8 gene expression was common across multiple cancer types, and selenoproteins that were significantly co-expressed with ZIP8 in these cancers had been identified. Taken together, this study concludes that ZIP8 is an important protein in modulating cellular Se levels and provides insights into the roles of ZIP8 and Se in disease prevention and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Yan-Ming Xu
- Correspondence: (Y.-M.X.); (A.T.Y.L.); Tel.: +86-754-8890-0437 (Y.-M.X.); +86-754-8853-0052 (A.T.Y.L.)
| | - Andy T. Y. Lau
- Correspondence: (Y.-M.X.); (A.T.Y.L.); Tel.: +86-754-8890-0437 (Y.-M.X.); +86-754-8853-0052 (A.T.Y.L.)
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16
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Mazgaj R, Lipiński P, Edison ES, Bednarz A, Staroń R, Haberkiewicz O, Lenartowicz M, Smuda E, Jończy A, Starzyński RR. Marginally reduced maternal hepatic and splenic ferroportin under severe nutritional iron deficiency in pregnancy maintains systemic iron supply. Am J Hematol 2021; 96:659-670. [PMID: 33684239 PMCID: PMC8251567 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.26152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The demand for iron is high in pregnancy to meet the increased requirements for erythropoiesis. Even pregnant females with initially iron‐replete stores develop iron‐deficiency anemia, due to inadequate iron absorption. In anemic females, the maternal iron supply is dedicated to maintaining iron metabolism in the fetus and placenta. Here, using a mouse model of iron deficiency in pregnancy, we show that iron recycled from senescent erythrocytes becomes a predominant source of this microelement that can be transferred to the placenta in females with depleted iron stores. Ferroportin is a key protein in the molecular machinery of cellular iron egress. We demonstrate that under iron deficiency in pregnancy, levels of ferroportin are greatly reduced in the duodenum, placenta and fetal liver, but not in maternal liver macrophages and in the spleen. Although low expression of both maternal and fetal hepcidin predicted ferroportin up‐regulation in examined locations, its final expression level was very likely correlated with tissue iron status. Our results argue that iron released into the circulation of anemic females is taken up by the placenta, as evidenced by high expression of iron importers on syncytiotrophoblasts. Then, a substantial decrease in levels of ferroportin on the basolateral side of syncytiotrophoblasts, may be responsible for the reduced transfer of iron to the fetus. As attested by the lowest decrease in iron content among analyzed tissues, some part is retained in the placenta. These findings confirm the key role played by ferroportin in tuning iron turnover in iron‐deficient pregnant mouse females and their fetuses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafał Mazgaj
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology, Polish Academy of Sciences Magdalenka Poland
| | - Paweł Lipiński
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology, Polish Academy of Sciences Magdalenka Poland
| | | | - Aleksandra Bednarz
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research Jagiellonian University Kraków Poland
| | - Robert Staroń
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology, Polish Academy of Sciences Magdalenka Poland
| | - Olga Haberkiewicz
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research Jagiellonian University Kraków Poland
| | - Małgorzata Lenartowicz
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research Jagiellonian University Kraków Poland
| | - Ewa Smuda
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology, Polish Academy of Sciences Magdalenka Poland
| | - Aneta Jończy
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology, Polish Academy of Sciences Magdalenka Poland
| | - Rafał R. Starzyński
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology, Polish Academy of Sciences Magdalenka Poland
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17
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Carvajal L, Gutiérrez J, Morselli E, Leiva A. Autophagy Process in Trophoblast Cells Invasion and Differentiation: Similitude and Differences With Cancer Cells. Front Oncol 2021; 11:637594. [PMID: 33937039 PMCID: PMC8082112 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.637594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Early human placental development begins with blastocyst implantation, then the trophoblast differentiates and originates the cells required for a proper fetal nutrition and placental implantation. Among them, extravillous trophoblast corresponds to a non-proliferating trophoblast highly invasive that allows the vascular remodeling which is essential for appropriate placental perfusion and to maintain the adequate fetal growth. This process involves different placental cell types as well as molecules that allow cell growth, cellular adhesion, tissular remodeling, and immune tolerance. Remarkably, some of the cellular processes required for proper placentation are common between placental and cancer cells to finally support tumor growth. Indeed, as in placentation trophoblasts invade and migrate, cancer cells invade and migrate to promote tumor metastasis. However, while these processes respond to a controlled program in trophoblasts, in cancer cells this regulation is lost. Interestingly, it has been shown that autophagy, a process responsible for the degradation of damaged proteins and organelles to maintain cellular homeostasis, is required for invasion of trophoblast cells and for vascular remodeling during placentation. In cancer cells, autophagy has a dual role, as it has been shown both as tumor promoter and inhibitor, depending on the stage and tumor considered. In this review, we summarized the similarities and differences between trophoblast cell invasion and cancer cell metastasis specifically evaluating the role of autophagy in both processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Carvajal
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jaime Gutiérrez
- School of Medical Technology, Health Sciences Faculty, Universidad San Sebastian, Santiago, Chile
| | - Eugenia Morselli
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Autophagy Research Center, Santiago, Chile
| | - Andrea Leiva
- School of Medical Technology, Health Sciences Faculty, Universidad San Sebastian, Santiago, Chile
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18
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Hosni A, El-Twab SA, Abdul-Hamid M, Prinsen E, AbdElgawad H, Abdel-Moneim A, Beemster GTS. Cinnamaldehyde mitigates placental vascular dysfunction of gestational diabetes and protects from the associated fetal hypoxia by modulating placental angiogenesis, metabolic activity and oxidative stress. Pharmacol Res 2021; 165:105426. [PMID: 33453370 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a major pregnancy-related disorder with an increasing prevalence worldwide. GDM is associated with altered placental vascular functions and has severe consequences for fetal growth. There is no commonly accepted medication for GDM due to safety considerations. Actions of the currently limited therapeutic options focus exclusively on lowering the blood glucose level without paying attention to the altered placental vascular reactivity and remodelling. We used the fat-sucrose diet/streptozotocin (FSD/STZ) rat model of GDM to explore the efficacy of cinnamaldehyde (Ci; 20 mg/kg/day), a promising antidiabetic agent for GDM, and glyburide/metformin-HCl (Gly/Met; 0.6 + 100 mg/kg/day), as a reference drug for treatment of GDM, on the placenta structure and function at term pregnancy after their oral intake one week before mating onward. Through genome-wide transcriptome, biochemical, metabolome, metal analysis and histopathology we obtained an integrated understanding of their effects. GDM resulted in maternal and fetal hyperglycemia, fetal hyperinsulinemia and placental dysfunction with subsequent fetal anemia, hepatic iron deficiency and high serum erythropoietin level, reflecting fetal hypoxia. Differentially-regulated genes were overrepresented for pathways of angiogenesis, metabolic transporters and oxidative stress. Despite Ci and Gly/Met effectively alleviated the maternal and fetal glycemia, only Ci offered substantial protection from GDM-associated placental vasculopathy and prevented the fetal hypoxia. This was explained by Ci's impact on the molecular regulation of placental angiogenesis, metabolic activity and redox signaling. In conclusion, Ci provides a dual impact for the treatment of GDM at both maternal and fetal levels through its antidiabetic effect and the direct placental vasoprotective action. Lack of Gly/Met effectiveness to restore it's impaired functionality demonstrates the vital role of the placenta in developing efficient medications for GDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Hosni
- Molecular Physiology Division, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, 62511, Beni-Suef, Egypt; Laboratory for Integrated Molecular Physiology Research (IMPRES), Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Antwerp, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Sanaa Abd El-Twab
- Molecular Physiology Division, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, 62511, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Manal Abdul-Hamid
- Histology and Cytology Division, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, 62511, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Els Prinsen
- Laboratory for Integrated Molecular Physiology Research (IMPRES), Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Antwerp, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Hamada AbdElgawad
- Laboratory for Integrated Molecular Physiology Research (IMPRES), Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Antwerp, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Adel Abdel-Moneim
- Molecular Physiology Division, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, 62511, Beni-Suef, Egypt.
| | - Gerrit T S Beemster
- Laboratory for Integrated Molecular Physiology Research (IMPRES), Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Antwerp, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium
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