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Guan R, Cai R, Guo B, Wang Y, Zhao C. A Data-Driven Computational Framework for Assessing the Risk of Placental Exposure to Environmental Chemicals. Environ Sci Technol 2024; 58:7770-7781. [PMID: 38665120 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.4c00475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
A computational framework based on placental gene networks was proposed in this work to improve the accuracy of the placental exposure risk assessment of environmental compounds. The framework quantitatively characterizes the ability of compounds to cross the placental barrier by systematically considering the interaction and pathway-level information on multiple placental transporters. As a result, probability scores were generated for 307 compounds crossing the placental barrier based on this framework. These scores were then used to categorize the compounds into different levels of transplacental transport range, creating a gradient partition. These probability scores not only facilitated a more intuitive understanding of a compound's ability to cross the placental barrier but also provided valuable information for predicting potential placental disruptors. Compounds with probability scores greater than 90% were considered to have significant transplacental transport potential, whereas those with probability scores less than 80% were classified as unlikely to cross the placental barrier. Furthermore, external validation set results showed that the probability score could accurately predict the compounds known to cross the placental barrier. In conclusion, the computational framework proposed in this study enhances the intuitive understanding of the ability of compounds to cross the placental barrier and opens up new avenues for assessing the placental exposure risk of compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruining Guan
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Ruitong Cai
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Binbin Guo
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yawei Wang
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Chunyan Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Environmental and Health Effects of Persistent Toxic Substances, School of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
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2
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Kobori Y, Hirayama S, Fukushima Y, Ueno T, Sekihara K, Hori A, Horiuchi Y, Makino S, Nishioka E, Miida T. Low serum carnitine level is associated with increased urinary carnitine excretion in late pregnancy. Ann Clin Biochem 2024:45632241239806. [PMID: 38428946 DOI: 10.1177/00045632241239806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carnitine is essential for fatty acid metabolism. Free carnitine (FCA) is excreted in the urine in the glomerulus, but is partly reabsorbed by a carnitine transporter. The mechanism underlying the decrease in serum carnitine level during pregnancy is unclear. OBJECTIVE To investigate whether low carnitine level is associated with increased renal excretion in pregnant women. METHODS We recruited 43 healthy pregnant and 25 non-pregnant women. Total carnitine (TCA) and FCA levels were measured using the enzymatic cycling method, and the acylcarnitine (ACA) level was calculated. Fractional excretion (FE) was calculated as carnitine clearance divided by creatinine clearance. RESULTS The mean TCA, FCA, and ACA levels were lower at 12 weeks of gestation in pregnant than non-pregnant women (P < .001); the levels decreased further at 36 weeks, reaching 39%, 36%, and 52% of those in non-pregnant women, respectively (P < .001). The FEs were 3-4-fold higher in pregnant women than non-pregnant women. Pregnant women had a lower serum FCA/TCA ratio than non-pregnant women (0.788 ± 0.098 vs 0.830 ± 0.074, respectively; P < .05), whereas the urine FCA/TCA ratio was similar between the groups. CONCLUSION Low carnitine level is associated with increased renal excretion during late pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaro Kobori
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Clinical Laboratory, Juntendo Tokyo Koto Geriatric Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Hirayama
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Health Service Center, Tokyo Gakugei University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Fukushima
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Ueno
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Nitobebunka College, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazumasa Sekihara
- Department of Cancer Biology, Kanagawa Cancer Center Research Institute, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Atsushi Hori
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Medical Science, Juntendo University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yuna Horiuchi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Medical Science, Juntendo University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shintaro Makino
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Emiko Nishioka
- Maternal Nursing, Division of Nursing, Faculty of Health Science and Nursing, Juntendo University, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Takashi Miida
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Medical Science, Juntendo University, Chiba, Japan
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3
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Yan H, Wu M, Dong Q, Li Z. [Advances in in vitro and in vivo models for Listeria monocytogenes placental infection]. Sheng Wu Gong Cheng Xue Bao 2023; 39:3985-4003. [PMID: 37877386 DOI: 10.13345/j.cjb.230263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is recognized as a significant foodborne pathogen, capable of causing listeriosis in humans, which is a global public health concern. This pathogen is particularly dangerous for pregnant women, as it can lead to invasive listeriosis in fetuses and neonates, posing a significant threat to both maternal and fetal health. Therefore, establishing suitable in vitro and in vivo models for L. monocytogenes placenta infection, as well as analyzing and exploring the infection process and its pathogenic mechanism, are important approaches to prevent and control L. monocytogenes infection in mothers and infants. In this study, we reviewed the in vitro and in vivo placental models used for studying the infection of L. monocytogenes in maternal and infant, summarized and discussed the advantages and limitations of each model, and explored the potential of in vitro cell models and organoids for the study of L. monocytogenes infection. This paper aims to support the study of the infection pathway and pathogenesis of listeriosis and provide scientific references for the prevention and control of L. monocytogenes infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Yan
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Mengjie Wu
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Qingli Dong
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Zhuosi Li
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
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4
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Zhou Z, Luo D, Li M, Lao G, Zhou Z, Dinnyés A, Xu W, Sun Q. A Novel Multicellular Placental Barrier Model to Investigate the Effect of Maternal Aflatoxin B 1 Exposure on Fetal-Side Neural Stem Cells. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:toxins15050312. [PMID: 37235346 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15050312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Ingestion of food toxins such as aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) during pregnancy may impair fetal neurodevelopment. However, animal model results may not be accurate due to the species' differences, and testing on humans is ethically impermissible. Here, we developed an in vitro human maternal-fetal multicellular model composed of a human hepatic compartment, a bilayer placental barrier, and a human fetal central nervous system compartment using neural stem cells (NSCs) to investigate the effect of AFB1 on fetal-side NSCs. AFB1 passed through the HepG2 hepatocellular carcinoma cells to mimic the maternal metabolic effects. Importantly, even at the limited concentration (0.0641 ± 0.0046 μM) of AFB1, close to the national safety level standard of China (GB-2761-2011), the mixture of AFB1 crossing the placental barrier induced NSC apoptosis. The level of reactive oxygen species in NSCs was significantly elevated and the cell membrane was damaged, causing the release of intracellular lactate dehydrogenase (p < 0.05). The comet experiment and γ-H2AX immunofluorescence assay showed that AFB1 caused significant DNA damage to NSCs (p < 0.05). This study provided a new model for the toxicological evaluation of the effect of food mycotoxin exposure during pregnancy on fetal neurodevelopment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment Ministry of the Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Dongmei Luo
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment Ministry of the Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Mengxue Li
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment Ministry of the Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Guangjie Lao
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment Ministry of the Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhou
- Department of Food Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - András Dinnyés
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment Ministry of the Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
- BioTalentum Ltd., Aulich Lajos Str. 26, 2100 Godollo, Hungary
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Wenming Xu
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
- Reproductive Endocrinology and Regulation Laboratory West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Qun Sun
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment Ministry of the Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
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Sha L, Yong X, Shao Z, Duan Y, Hong Q, Zhang J, Zhang Y, Chen L. Targeting adverse effects of antiseizure medication on offspring: current evidence and new strategies for safety. Expert Rev Neurother 2023; 23:141-156. [PMID: 36731825 DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2023.2176751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION For women with epilepsy of reproductive age, antiseizure medications (ASMs) are associated with an increased risk of offspring malformations. There are safety concerns for most anti-seizure medications in the perinatal period, and there is a clear need to identify safe medications. ASMs must transport through biological barriers to exert toxic effects on the fetus, and transporters play essential roles in trans-barrier drug transport. Therefore, it is vital to understand the distribution and properties of ASM-related transporters in biological barriers. AREAS COVERED This study reviews the structure, transporter distribution, and properties of the blood-brain, placental, and blood-milk barrier, and summarizes the existing evidence for the trans-barrier transport mechanism of ASMs and standard experimental models of biological barriers. EXPERT OPINION Ideal ASMs in the perinatal period should have the following characteristics: 1) Increased transport through the blood-brain barrier, and 2) Reduced transport of the placental and blood-milk barriers. Thus, only low-dose or almost no antiseizure medication could enter the fetus's body, which could decrease medication-induced fetal abnormalities. Based on the stimulated structure and molecular docking, we propose a development strategy for new ASMs targeting transporters of biological barriers to improve the perinatal treatment of female patients with epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leihao Sha
- Department of Neurology, Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan
| | - Xihao Yong
- Division of Nephrology and Kidney Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Zhenhua Shao
- Division of Nephrology and Kidney Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yifei Duan
- Department of Neurology, Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan
| | - Qiulei Hong
- Department of Neurology, Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan
| | - Jifa Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan
| | - Yunwu Zhang
- The current form, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Neurology, Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan
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Spiess D, Abegg VF, Chauveau A, Treyer A, Reinehr M, Oufir M, Duong E, Potterat O, Hamburger M, Simões-Wüst AP. Placental Passage of Protopine in an Ex Vivo Human Perfusion System. Planta Med 2023; 89:194-207. [PMID: 35445384 PMCID: PMC9868778 DOI: 10.1055/a-1829-9546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The placental passage of protopine was investigated with a human ex vivo placental perfusion model. The model was first validated with diazepam and citalopram, 2 compounds known to cross the placental barrier, and antipyrine as a positive control. All compounds were quantified by partially validated U(H)PLC-MS/MS bioanalytical methods. Protopine was transferred from the maternal to the fetal circuit, with a steady-state reached after 90 min. The study compound did not affect placental viability or functionality, as glucose consumption, lactate production, and beta-human chorionic gonadotropin, and leptin release remained constant. Histopathological evaluation of all placental specimens showed unremarkable, age-appropriate parenchymal maturation with no pathologic findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Spiess
- Department of Obstetrics, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Division of Pharmaceutical Biology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Vanessa Fabienne Abegg
- Division of Pharmaceutical Biology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Antoine Chauveau
- Division of Pharmaceutical Biology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Treyer
- Division of Pharmaceutical Biology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michael Reinehr
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mouhssin Oufir
- Division of Pharmaceutical Biology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Elisa Duong
- Department of Obstetrics, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Division of Pharmaceutical Biology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Potterat
- Division of Pharmaceutical Biology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Hamburger
- Division of Pharmaceutical Biology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ana Paula Simões-Wüst
- Department of Obstetrics, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Chen Z, Meima ME, Peeters RP, Visser WE. Thyroid Hormone Transporters in Pregnancy and Fetal Development. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23. [PMID: 36499435 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid hormone is essential for fetal (brain) development. Plasma membrane transporters control the intracellular bioavailability of thyroid hormone. In the past few decades, 15 human thyroid hormone transporters have been identified, and among them, mutations in monocarboxylate transporter (MCT)8 and organic anion transporting peptide (OATP)1C1 are associated with clinical phenotypes. Different animal and human models have been employed to unravel the (patho)-physiological role of thyroid hormone transporters. However, most studies on thyroid hormone transporters focus on postnatal development. This review summarizes the research on the thyroid hormone transporters in pregnancy and fetal development, including their substrate preference, expression and tissue distribution, and physiological and pathophysiological role in thyroid homeostasis and clinical disorders. As the fetus depends on the maternal thyroid hormone supply, especially during the first half of pregnancy, the review also elaborates on thyroid hormone transport across the human placental barrier. Future studies may reveal how the different transporters contribute to thyroid hormone homeostasis in fetal tissues to properly facilitate development. Employing state-of-the-art human models will enable a better understanding of their roles in thyroid hormone homeostasis.
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8
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Karahoda R, Zaugg J, Fuenzalida B, Kallol S, Moser-Haessig R, Staud F, Albrecht C. Trophoblast Differentiation Affects Crucial Nutritive Functions of Placental Membrane Transporters. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:820286. [PMID: 35273963 PMCID: PMC8901483 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.820286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytotrophoblasts are progenitor cells that proliferate and fuse to form the multinucleated syncytiotrophoblast layer, implicated in placental endocrine and transport functions. While membrane transporters play a critical role in the distribution of nutrients, hormones, and xenobiotics at the maternal-fetal interface, their selectivity to the syncytiotrophoblast layer is poorly characterized. We aimed to evaluate the regulation of placental transporters in response to trophoblast differentiation in vitro. Experiments were carried out in isolated primary human trophoblast cells before and after syncytialization. Gene expression of six molecular markers and thirty membrane transporters was investigated by qPCR analysis. Subsequently, functional expression was evaluated for proteins involved in the transplacental transfer of essential nutrients i.e., cholesterol (ABCA1, ABCG1), glucose (SLC2A1), leucine (SLC3A2, SLC7A5), and iron (transferrin receptor, TfR1). We identified that human chorionic gonadotropin, placental lactogen, endoglin, and cadherin-11 serve as optimal gene markers for the syncytialization process. We showed that trophoblast differentiation was associated with differential gene expression (mostly up-regulation) of several nutrient and drug transporters. Further, we revealed enhanced protein expression and activity of ABCG1, SLC3A2, SLC7A5, and TfR1 in syncytialized cells, with ABCA1 and GLUT1 displaying no change. Taken together, these results indicate that the syncytiotrophoblast has a dominant role in transporting essential nutrients cholesterol, leucine, and iron. Nonetheless, we present evidence that the cytotrophoblast cells may also be linked to transport functions that could be critical for the cell fusion processes. Our findings collectively yield new insights into the cellular functions associated with or altered by the trophoblast fusion. Importantly, defective syncytialization could lead to nutrient transfer imbalance, ultimately compromising fetal development and programming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rona Karahoda
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Jonas Zaugg
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research, NCCR TransCure, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Barbara Fuenzalida
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sampada Kallol
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research, NCCR TransCure, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Frantisek Staud
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Christiane Albrecht
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research, NCCR TransCure, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Huang Y, Qiu F, Habgood M, Nie S, Dziegielewska K, Saunders N. Entry of the antipsychotic drug, olanzapine, into the developing rat brain in mono- and combination therapies. F1000Res 2022; 11:1417. [PMID: 36798113 PMCID: PMC9925881 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.128074.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Olanzapine is used to treat schizophrenia and bipolar disorder in women of childbearing age. Continuation of psychotropic medications throughout pregnancy and lactation is often required as cessation could be dangerous for both mother and child. However, there is a lack of information on the transfer of these drugs into the developing brain. Methods: Sprague Dawley rats at three developmental ages: embryonic day E19, postnatal day P4 and non-pregnant adult females were administered unlabelled or radiolabelled ( 3H) olanzapine (0.15 mg/kg) either as monotherapy or in combination with each of seven other common medications. Similar injections were administered to pregnant E19 females to investigate placental transfer. Olanzapine in plasma, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and brain was measured by liquid scintillation counting after a single dose (acute) or following 5 days of treatment (prolonged). Results: Olanzapine entry into brain and CSF was not age-dependent. Prolonged olanzapine treatment reduced placental transfer from 53% to 46% (p<0.05). Co-administration of digoxin or lamotrigine with olanzapine increased its entry into the fetal brain, whereas paracetamol decreased its entry into the CSF. Placental transfer of olanzapine was increased by co-treatment with cimetidine and digoxin, whereas co-treatment with lamotrigine, paracetamol or valproate led to a substantial decrease. Repeated co-treatment of digoxin and olanzapine increased olanzapine transfer into the brain and CSF, but not across the placenta. Overall entry of olanzapine from maternally administered drugs into the fetal brain was higher after combination therapy with cimetidine and digoxin. Conclusions: Co-administration of olanzapine with some commonly used drugs affected its entry into the fetus and its developing brain to a greater extent than in adults. It appears that protection of the fetal brain for these drugs primarily comes from the placenta rather than from the fetal brain barriers. Results suggest that drug combinations should be used with caution particularly during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Huang
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3004, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Fiona Qiu
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3004, Australia
| | - Mark Habgood
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3004, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Shuai Nie
- Melbourne Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Facility, Bio 21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Katarzyna Dziegielewska
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3004, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Norman Saunders
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3004, Australia
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10
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Deval G, Boland S, Fournier T, Ferecatu I. On Placental Toxicology Studies and Cerium Dioxide Nanoparticles. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212266. [PMID: 34830142 PMCID: PMC8624015 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The human placenta is a transient organ essential for pregnancy maintenance, fetal development and growth. It has several functions, including that of a selective barrier against pathogens and xenobiotics from maternal blood. However, some pollutants can accumulate in the placenta or pass through with possible repercussions on pregnancy outcomes. Cerium dioxide nanoparticles (CeO2 NPs), also termed nanoceria, are an emerging pollutant whose impact on pregnancy is starting to be defined. CeO2 NPs are already used in different fields for industrial and commercial applications and have even been proposed for some biomedical applications. Since 2010, nanoceria have been subject to priority monitoring by the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development in order to assess their toxicity. This review aims to summarize the current methods and models used for toxicology studies on the placental barrier, from the basic ones to the very latest, as well as to overview the most recent knowledge of the impact of CeO2 NPs on human health, and more specifically during the sensitive window of pregnancy. Further research is needed to highlight the relationship between environmental exposure to CeO2 and placental dysfunction with its implications for pregnancy outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaëlle Deval
- Université de Paris, Inserm, UMR-S 1139, 3PHM, Faculté de Pharmacie, 75006 Paris, France; (G.D.); (T.F.)
| | - Sonja Boland
- Université de Paris, BFA, UMR 8251, CNRS, F-75013 Paris, France;
| | - Thierry Fournier
- Université de Paris, Inserm, UMR-S 1139, 3PHM, Faculté de Pharmacie, 75006 Paris, France; (G.D.); (T.F.)
| | - Ioana Ferecatu
- Université de Paris, Inserm, UMR-S 1139, 3PHM, Faculté de Pharmacie, 75006 Paris, France; (G.D.); (T.F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-1-5373-9605
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11
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Kumari K, Yadav R, Mittra S, Kumar A, Bajpai PK, Srivastava DK, Kumar R. Pregnancy outcomes and vertical transmission capability of SARS-CoV-2 infection among asymptomatic females: A cross-sectional study in a tertiary care rural hospital. J Family Med Prim Care 2021; 10:3247-3251. [PMID: 34760738 PMCID: PMC8565111 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_23_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic is still spreading throughout the world along with its strange and frightening mutations, and the World Health Organization (WHO) has declared it as a global pandemic. Objective: The present investigation aims to evaluate the effect of SARS-CoV-2 infection on mother and newborn outcomes and the vertical transmission potential of this virus. Study Design: This was a cross-sectional study conducted at a tertiary care dedicated COVID-19 hospital. A total of 40 pregnant females (RT-PCR positive for SARS-CoV-2) and their 41 neonates (including stillbirths and a twin delivery) were included in the present study. Results: All the mothers in the study were SARS-CoV-2 positive on the RT-PCR test, but none had any COVID-19 symptoms (pneumonia-like fever, cough, fatigue, sore throat, shortness of breath, and diarrhea). Out of 41 newborns, 38 (92.7%) were healthy, one (2.4%) was a stillbirth, and two newborns (4.9%) could not be revived. All the 41 (100.0%) neonates, including stillborn and preterm were negative for the SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR test. Twenty-Six neonates (63.4%) were delivered by caesarean section, whereas 15 cases (36.6%) had a normal vaginal delivery. Conclusion: The present study showed no suggestion of vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in pregnant females. Therefore, the placenta might function as a barrier to the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Also, there were no complications come upon during the delivery of any neonate in the present study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalpana Kumari
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, UP University of Medical Sciences, Etawah, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ramakant Yadav
- Department of Neurology, UP University of Medical Sciences, Etawah, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sangh Mittra
- Senior Consultant (Gynecologist), Avanti Bai Hospital, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Arushi Kumar
- MBBS, Medical Researcher, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Prashant K Bajpai
- Department of Community Medicine, UP University of Medical Sciences, Etawah, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Dhiraj K Srivastava
- Department of Community Medicine, UP University of Medical Sciences, Etawah, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Raj Kumar
- Department of Vice Chancellor, UP University of Medical Sciences, Etawah, Uttar Pradesh, India
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12
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Wong MK, Li EW, Adam M, Selvaganapathy PR, Raha S. Establishment of an in vitro placental barrier model cultured under physiologically relevant oxygen levels. Mol Hum Reprod 2021; 26:353-365. [PMID: 32159799 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gaaa018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The human placental barrier facilitates many key functions during pregnancy, most notably the exchange of all substances between the mother and fetus. However, preclinical models of the placental barrier often lacked the multiple cell layers, syncytialization of the trophoblast cells and the low oxygen levels that are present within the body. Therefore, we aimed to design and develop an in vitro model of the placental barrier that would reinstate these factors and enable improved investigations of barrier function. BeWo placental trophoblastic cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells were co-cultured on contralateral sides of an extracellular matrix-coated transwell insert to establish a multilayered barrier. Epidermal growth factor and forskolin led to significantly increased multi-nucleation of the BeWo cell layer and increased biochemical markers of syncytial fusion, for example syncytin-1 and hCGβ. Our in vitro placental barrier possessed size-specific permeability, with 4000-Da molecules experiencing greater transport and a lower apparent permeability coefficient than 70 000-Da molecules. We further demonstrated that the BeWo layer had greater resistance to smaller molecules compared to the endothelial layer. Chronic, physiologically low oxygen exposure (3-8%) increased the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α and syncytin-1, further increased multi-nucleation of the BeWo cell layer and decreased barrier permeability only against smaller molecules (457 Da/4000 Da). In conclusion, we built a novel in vitro co-culture model of the placental barrier that possessed size-specific permeability and could function under physiologically low oxygen levels. Importantly, this will enable future researchers to better study the maternal-fetal transport of nutrients and drugs during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael K Wong
- Graduate Program of Medical Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Edward W Li
- Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mohamed Adam
- Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Sandeep Raha
- Graduate Program of Medical Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, L8N 3Z5
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13
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Schoppmann S, Spiess D, Müller D, Burch A, Zimmermann R, Simões-Wüst AP. Nalbuphine: a candidate for treatment of women overwhelmed with sudden, intense labor pain? J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2021; 35:6112-6114. [PMID: 33899644 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2021.1906859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
AIM On very rare occasions, women are overwhelmed with sudden, intense labor pain in the context of ultra-rapid late second stage of labor, especially when the head is crowning. The consequences may comprise serious pelvic floor damage for the mother and hypoxia for the fetus. Drugs like nalbuphine for immediate maternal analgesia and sedation would be helpful. This mixed opioid agonist-antagonist, that was used in obstetric anesthesia in the 1980s, acts quickly while side effects for the mother are minor. To better estimate possible complications for the fetus of a use shortly before birth, it is important to find out how quickly i.v. administered nalbuphine reaches fetal circulation. Therefore, we characterized the transplacental transfer of nalbuphine using an ex vivo model. METHODS Placentas were obtained from cesarean sections after mothers gave their informed consent. Upon cannulation of one cotyledon, nalbuphine was added to the maternal circuit (calculated final concentration 100 ng/mL) and the ex vivo placenta perfusions were performed. To determine nalbuphine transfer from maternal to fetal circuit in the successful perfusions (n = 5), samples were collected at different time points. RESULTS At perfusion start, the measured initial nalbuphine concentrations in the maternal and fetal circuits are 93.1 and <0.1 ng/mL, respectively. After 5 min of placenta perfusion, 2.5 ng/mL nalbuphine (i.e. 3% of the initial nalbuphine concentration in the maternal circuit) is reached in the fetal circuit; after 15 and 30 min, 9.7 and 15.8 ng/mL (approximately 10 and 16% of initial maternal, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Only a small amount of nalbuphine is likely to reach the fetus during the first minutes after (i.v.) maternal administration. Nalbuphine might be a valuable candidate for clinical use in the i.v. analgesia and sedation of women overwhelmed with sudden labor pain in the context of ultra-rapid second stage of labor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seraina Schoppmann
- Department of Obstetrics, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Deborah Spiess
- Department of Obstetrics, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Müller
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Roland Zimmermann
- Department of Obstetrics, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ana Paula Simões-Wüst
- Department of Obstetrics, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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14
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Abstract
Objective: Placental iodide transport is necessary for maintaining an adequate iodide supply to the developing fetus. We hypothesized that compounds from the placental barrier can compensate for decreases in maternal iodine intake and normalize fetal iodine levels. Methods: Pregnant rats administered different amounts of iodine (1.24, 2.5, 5, or 10 μg/day) were evaluated on gestational day (gd) 16 and 20. The iodine levels in maternal blood, amniotic fluid (AF), and placental tissue were estimated using As-Ce catalytic spectrophotometry. The protein and/or messenger RNA (mRNA) levels of sodium iodide symporter (NIS), pendrin, alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), and CD31 in the placental labyrinth, trophoblast cells isolated using laser capture microdissection (LCM), and/or fetomaternal thyroid were detected using immunoblotting, real-time polymerase chain reaction, and/or immunohistochemistry. Results: When iodine intake was reduced, iodine levels in maternal blood gradually decreased; however, placental iodine levels were not significantly different between groups on gd16 and gd20. Minimal changes were observed in AF iodine levels on gd16, and a mild decreasing trend was observed (iodine dose, 10 to 1.24 μg/day) on gd20. NIS protein, which was linearly distributed along the basolateral membrane of maternal-fetal thyroid follicles, gradually increased with decreasing iodine levels. Regarding iodine deficiency in the placental labyrinth on gd16 and gd20, pendrin and glycosylated NIS proteins were significantly upregulated in a dose-dependent manner. However, the mRNA levels were unchanged. Furthermore, the conversion of NIS protein from the nonglycosylated to the glycosylated form increased. In trophoblast cells isolated using LCM, PDS mRNA levels increased in the 1.24-μg/day group on gd16 but not NIS mRNA levels. There was a smaller α-SMA+ area in the labyrinth zone on gd16 and gd20; however, the proportional CD31+ area increased on gd16 and reduced on gd20 with decreased iodine levels. Conclusions: All mechanisms upregulating the expression of iodine transporters and changes in villous stroma and microvessel area in the placental labyrinth can promote iodide transfer from mother to fetus in iodine deficiency, especially before the onset of fetal thyroid function. Compensatory NIS protein regulation in the placenta against decreased iodine intake mainly occurs during translation and glycosylation modification after translation. Pendrin may be more important than NIS in the mediation of placental iodide transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yina Sun
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital, Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Han
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital, Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, P.R. China
- Clinical Psychology Department, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, P.R. China
| | - Ming Qian
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital, Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, P.R. China
- Department of Medical Psychology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Yongmei Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital, Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Yan Ye
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital, Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Laixiang Lin
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital, Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Yuanjun Liu
- Department of Dermatovenereology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, P.R. China
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15
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Geyer T, Rübenthaler J, Froelich MF, Sabel L, Marschner C, Schwarze V, Clevert DA. Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound for Assessing Abdominal Conditions in Pregnancy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 56:E675. [PMID: 33302381 DOI: 10.3390/medicina56120675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background and objectives: Native ultrasound is the most common imaging modality in obstetrics. The use of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) during pregnancy has not been officially approved by leading societies for obstetrics and ultrasound. The present study aims to monitor the safety and diagnostic performance of CEUS for assessing abdominal issues in five pregnant women. Materials and Methods: Five pregnant patients who underwent a total of 11 CEUS examinations between June 2020 and October 2020 were included (mean age: 34 years; mean time of pregnancy: 21 weeks). All CEUS scans were interpreted by one experienced consultant radiologist (EFSUMB Level 3). Results: Upon contrast application, no maternal nor fetal adverse effects were observed. Moreover, no fetal contrast enhancement was observed in any patient. CEUS helped to diagnose renal angiomyolipoma, pyelonephritis, necrotic uterine fibroid, gallbladder polyp, and superior mesenteric vein thrombosis. Conclusions: In our study, off-label use of CEUS showed an excellent safety profile allowing the avoidance of ionizing radiation exposure as well as contrast agents in case of CT or use of gadolinium-based contrast agents in case of MRI. CEUS is a promising diagnostic instrument for facilitating clinical decision-making and improving the management of pregnant women.
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16
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Li Z, Kurosawa O, Iwata H. A Novel Human Placental Barrier Model Based on Trophoblast Stem Cells Derived from Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. Tissue Eng Part A 2020; 26:780-791. [PMID: 32323636 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2019.0342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The placenta acts as an interface between the fetus and the expecting mother. Various drugs and environmental pollutants can pass through the human placental barrier and may harm the developing fetus. Currently available in vitro placental barrier models are often inadequate, because they are lacking the functional trophoblast cells. Therefore, we developed and characterized a new human placental model using trophoblast stem cells (TSCs) derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells. Umbilical vein endothelial cells, fibroblast, and TSCs were cocultured using micromesh cell culture technique. These cells formed a tight three-layered structure. This coculture model induced progressive fusion of TSCs and formed a syncytialized epithelium that resembles the in vivo syncytiotrophoblast. Our model allowed the cultured trophoblasts to form microvilli and to reconstitute expression and physiological localization of membrane transport proteins, such as transporter for ATP-binding cassette subfamily B member 1, ATP-binding cassette subfamily C member 3, and glucose transporter-1. Drug permeability assays were performed using five compounds. The results from the permeability assays were comparable to the ones obtained with ex vivo placental models. In conclusion, we developed a novel coculture model mimicking human placenta that provides a useful tool for the studies on transfer of substances between the mother and fetus. Impact statement Compared with the currently available in vitro placental barrier models, a novel three-dimensional coculture placental barrier model presented in this study morphologically and functionally modeled the true placental barrier. The use of human trophoblast stem cells from human induced pluripotent stem cells substantially improved the current model. The use of micromesh sheet as a bioscaffold facilitated the formation of a good multilayer structure, which is closer to the physical appearance of the placenta observed in human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuosi Li
- The "Compass to Healthy Life" Research Complex Program, RIKEN Institute, Kobe, Japan
| | - Osamu Kurosawa
- The "Compass to Healthy Life" Research Complex Program, RIKEN Institute, Kobe, Japan
| | - Hiroo Iwata
- The "Compass to Healthy Life" Research Complex Program, RIKEN Institute, Kobe, Japan.,Research Promotion Institution for COI Site, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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17
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Chiu CF, Chu LW, Liao IC, Simanjuntak Y, Lin YL, Juan CC, Ping YH. The Mechanism of the Zika Virus Crossing the Placental Barrier and the Blood-Brain Barrier. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:214. [PMID: 32153526 PMCID: PMC7044130 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) infection causes severe neurological symptoms in adults and fetal microcephaly and the virus is detected in the brain of microcephaly and meningoencephalitis patient. However, the mechanism of ZIKV crossing the physiological barrier to the central nervous systems (CNS) remains elusive. The placental barrier and the blood brain barrier (BBB) protect the fetus from pathogens and ensure healthy brain development during pregnancy. In this study, we used human placenta trophoblasts cells (JEG-3) and human brain-derived endothelial cells (hCMEC/D3) as in vitro models of the physiological barriers. Results showed that ZIKV could infect JEG-3 cells effectively and reduce the amounts of ZO-1 and occludin between adjacent cells by the proteasomal degradation pathway, suggesting that the permeability of the barrier differentially changed in response to ZIKV infection, allowing the virus particle to cross the host barrier. In contrast, ZIKV could infect hCMEC/D3 cells without disrupting the BBB barrier permeability and tight junction protein expression. Although no disruption to the BBB was observed during ZIKV infection, ZIKV particles were released on the basal side of the BBB model and infected underlying cells. In addition, we observed that fluorescence-labeled ZIKV particles could cross the in vitro placenta barrier and BBB model by transcytosis and the action of transcytosis could be blocked by either low temperature or pharmacological inhibitors of endocytosis. In summary, the ZIKV uses a cell-type specific paracellular pathway to cross the placenta monolayer barrier by disrupting cellular tight junction. In addition, the ZIKV can also cross both the placenta barrier and the BBB by transcytosis. Our study provided new insights into on the mechanism of the cellular barrier penetration of ZIKV particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Fen Chiu
- Department and Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Wei Chu
- Department and Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - I-Chen Liao
- Department and Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yogy Simanjuntak
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ling Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Chang Juan
- Department and Institute of Physiology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yueh-Hsin Ping
- Department and Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Biophotonics, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
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18
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Chen Z, Kuang Y, Jiang H, Zhang W, Shi Y, Chokkakula S, Chen H, Li J, Wang H. Intact Mycobacterium leprae Isolated from Placenta of a Pregnant Woman, China. Emerg Infect Dis 2019; 25:1604-1607. [PMID: 31310204 PMCID: PMC6649342 DOI: 10.3201/eid2508.190114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Whether Mycobacterium leprae transmits from placenta to fetus remains unknown. We describe the case of a pregnant woman with untreated histoid leproma. Although her newborn was healthy, laboratory examination revealed intact M. leprae present in the placenta, suggesting that the placental barrier might prevent vertical dissemination of M. leprae.
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19
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Surnar B, Kamran MZ, Shah AS, Basu U, Kolishetti N, Deo S, Jayaweera DT, Daunert S, Dhar S. Orally Administrable Therapeutic Synthetic Nanoparticle for Zika Virus. ACS Nano 2019. [PMID: 31603314 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b0280710.1021/acsnano.9b02807.s001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The spread of Zika virus (ZIKV) infection across the USA and various countries in the last three years will not only have a direct impact on the U.S. health care system but has caused international concerns as well. The ultimate impact of ZIKV infection remains to be understood. Currently, there are no therapeutic or vaccine options available to protect those infected by ZIKV. The drug ivermectin (IVM) was found to be a viable agent for the prevention of transmission of ZIKV. Ivermectin is unstable in the presence of water and does not remain in adequate concentration in the human bloodstream to be effective in treatment for ZIKV. Biodegradable nanoparticles would aid in the delivery of ivermectin by providing a high enough concentration of drug and ensuring the drug is gradually released to maintain an appropriate level in the body. The overall goal of this study was to develop and optimize an orally administrable nanoformulation of IVM which can circulate in the blood for a long period for efficient delivery. To achieve the goal, we synthesized and optimized a synthetic nanoformulation of IVM for oral use which can cross the intestinal epithelial barrier to enter the bloodstream. Our studies documented that when delivered with the synthetic nanoparticle (NP), IVM can be accumulated in the blood at a higher concentration and preliminary studies highlighted that NP delivered IVM has the ability to target nonstructural 1 protein of ZIKV. For potential clinical relevance, long-term storable formulation of IVM-nanoparticle in dry powder state for inclusion in a capsule form and cryoprotectant containing frozen forms revealed promising findings. Further, our preliminary in vitro studies documented that ivermectin crosses the placental barrier, thus making it unsafe for the pregnant ZIKV population, whereas the ivermectin-loaded nanoparticle did not show any significant placental barrier crossing, thus indicating its potential suitability for such population. We envision that this work will fill a great unmet need by developing safer and more effective therapies for the treatment of viral infections, including ZIKV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bapurao Surnar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine , University of Miami , 1011 NW 15th Street , Miami , Florida 33136 , United States
- Dr. JT Macdonald Foundation Biomedical Nanotechnology Institute of the University of Miami, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine , University of Miami , 1951 NW 7th Avenue, Suite 475 , Miami , Florida 33136 , United States
| | - Mohammad Z Kamran
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine , University of Miami , 1011 NW 15th Street , Miami , Florida 33136 , United States
- Dr. JT Macdonald Foundation Biomedical Nanotechnology Institute of the University of Miami, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine , University of Miami , 1951 NW 7th Avenue, Suite 475 , Miami , Florida 33136 , United States
| | - Anuj S Shah
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine , University of Miami , 1011 NW 15th Street , Miami , Florida 33136 , United States
| | - Uttara Basu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine , University of Miami , 1011 NW 15th Street , Miami , Florida 33136 , United States
| | - Nagesh Kolishetti
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine , University of Miami , 1011 NW 15th Street , Miami , Florida 33136 , United States
- Department of Immunology and Nano-Medicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine , Florida International University , Miami , Florida 33199 , United States
| | - Sapna Deo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine , University of Miami , 1011 NW 15th Street , Miami , Florida 33136 , United States
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine , University of Miami , 1475 NW 12th Avenue , Miami , Florida 33136 , United States
| | - Dushyantha T Jayaweera
- University of Miami Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine , University of Miami , 1120 NW 14th Street, Suite 710 , Miami , Florida 33136 , United States
- Department of Medicine, Miami Center for AIDS Research, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine , University of Miami , 1580 NW 10th Avenue , Miami , Florida 33136 , United States
| | - Sylvia Daunert
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine , University of Miami , 1011 NW 15th Street , Miami , Florida 33136 , United States
- Dr. JT Macdonald Foundation Biomedical Nanotechnology Institute of the University of Miami, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine , University of Miami , 1951 NW 7th Avenue, Suite 475 , Miami , Florida 33136 , United States
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine , University of Miami , 1475 NW 12th Avenue , Miami , Florida 33136 , United States
- University of Miami Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine , University of Miami , 1120 NW 14th Street, Suite 710 , Miami , Florida 33136 , United States
| | - Shanta Dhar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine , University of Miami , 1011 NW 15th Street , Miami , Florida 33136 , United States
- Dr. JT Macdonald Foundation Biomedical Nanotechnology Institute of the University of Miami, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine , University of Miami , 1951 NW 7th Avenue, Suite 475 , Miami , Florida 33136 , United States
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine , University of Miami , 1475 NW 12th Avenue , Miami , Florida 33136 , United States
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20
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Surnar B, Kamran MZ, Shah AS, Basu U, Kolishetti N, Deo S, Jayaweera DT, Daunert S, Dhar S. Orally Administrable Therapeutic Synthetic Nanoparticle for Zika Virus. ACS Nano 2019; 13:11034-11048. [PMID: 31603314 PMCID: PMC7053157 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b02807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The spread of Zika virus (ZIKV) infection across the USA and various countries in the last three years will not only have a direct impact on the U.S. health care system but has caused international concerns as well. The ultimate impact of ZIKV infection remains to be understood. Currently, there are no therapeutic or vaccine options available to protect those infected by ZIKV. The drug ivermectin (IVM) was found to be a viable agent for the prevention of transmission of ZIKV. Ivermectin is unstable in the presence of water and does not remain in adequate concentration in the human bloodstream to be effective in treatment for ZIKV. Biodegradable nanoparticles would aid in the delivery of ivermectin by providing a high enough concentration of drug and ensuring the drug is gradually released to maintain an appropriate level in the body. The overall goal of this study was to develop and optimize an orally administrable nanoformulation of IVM which can circulate in the blood for a long period for efficient delivery. To achieve the goal, we synthesized and optimized a synthetic nanoformulation of IVM for oral use which can cross the intestinal epithelial barrier to enter the bloodstream. Our studies documented that when delivered with the synthetic nanoparticle (NP), IVM can be accumulated in the blood at a higher concentration and preliminary studies highlighted that NP delivered IVM has the ability to target nonstructural 1 protein of ZIKV. For potential clinical relevance, long-term storable formulation of IVM-nanoparticle in dry powder state for inclusion in a capsule form and cryoprotectant containing frozen forms revealed promising findings. Further, our preliminary in vitro studies documented that ivermectin crosses the placental barrier, thus making it unsafe for the pregnant ZIKV population, whereas the ivermectin-loaded nanoparticle did not show any significant placental barrier crossing, thus indicating its potential suitability for such population. We envision that this work will fill a great unmet need by developing safer and more effective therapies for the treatment of viral infections, including ZIKV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bapurao Surnar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, 1011 NW 15th Street, Miami, Florida 33136, United States
- Dr. JT Macdonald Foundation Biomedical Nanotechnology Institute of the University of Miami, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, 1951 NW 7th Avenue, Suite 475, Miami, Florida 33136, United States
| | - Mohammad Z. Kamran
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, 1011 NW 15th Street, Miami, Florida 33136, United States
- Dr. JT Macdonald Foundation Biomedical Nanotechnology Institute of the University of Miami, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, 1951 NW 7th Avenue, Suite 475, Miami, Florida 33136, United States
| | - Anuj S. Shah
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, 1011 NW 15th Street, Miami, Florida 33136, United States
| | - Uttara Basu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, 1011 NW 15th Street, Miami, Florida 33136, United States
| | - Nagesh Kolishetti
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, 1011 NW 15th Street, Miami, Florida 33136, United States
- Department of Immunology and Nano-Medicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, United States
| | - Sapna Deo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, 1011 NW 15th Street, Miami, Florida 33136, United States
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, 1475 NW 12th Avenue, Miami, Florida 33136, United States
| | - Dushyantha T. Jayaweera
- University of Miami Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, 1120 NW 14th Street, Suite 710, Miami, Florida 33136, United States
- Department of Medicine, Miami Center for AIDS Research, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, 1580 NW 10th Avenue, Miami, Florida 33136, United States
| | - Sylvia Daunert
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, 1011 NW 15th Street, Miami, Florida 33136, United States
- Dr. JT Macdonald Foundation Biomedical Nanotechnology Institute of the University of Miami, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, 1951 NW 7th Avenue, Suite 475, Miami, Florida 33136, United States
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, 1475 NW 12th Avenue, Miami, Florida 33136, United States
- University of Miami Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, 1120 NW 14th Street, Suite 710, Miami, Florida 33136, United States
| | - Shanta Dhar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, 1011 NW 15th Street, Miami, Florida 33136, United States
- Dr. JT Macdonald Foundation Biomedical Nanotechnology Institute of the University of Miami, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, 1951 NW 7th Avenue, Suite 475, Miami, Florida 33136, United States
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, 1475 NW 12th Avenue, Miami, Florida 33136, United States
- Corresponding Author:
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21
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Nikulin SV, Knyazev EN, Gerasimenko TN, Shilin SA, Gazizov IN, Zakharova GS, Poloznikov AA, Sakharov DA. [Impedance Spectroscopy and Transcriptome Analysis of Choriocarcinoma BeWo b30 as a Model of Human Placenta]. Mol Biol (Mosk) 2019; 53:467-475. [PMID: 31184612 DOI: 10.1134/s0026898419030133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Placenta is a highly specialized organ that is necessary for successful gestation. Several models of the placental barrier are used to study how it functions, including the transplacental transport of xenobiotics. One of these models, human choriocarcinoma cell line BeWo is widely used in vitro. Notably, cancerous BeWo cells form multilayer structures that normally are not found in the human placenta. Here, we aim to develop techniques suitable for monitoring BeWo b30 cells in culture. To assess the state of BeWo b30 cells growing on a membrane, we use impedance spectroscopy, which allows us to estimate the number of cell layers by the change in the electrical parameters of the biological system. In mature BeWo b30 cell cultures, we also note a significant increase in the expression of genes encoding metallothioneins (particularly, MT1B, MT1F, and MT2A) and syncytins (ERVW-1 and ERVFRD-1), which can be used as biomarkers reflecting the development of mature phenotypic characteristics, namely, trophoblastic invasion and formation of the syncytium.
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Affiliation(s)
- S V Nikulin
- OOO SRC Bioclinicum, Moscow, 115088 Russia.,Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (State University), Dolgoprudny, Moscow oblast, 141701 Russia.,
| | | | | | - S A Shilin
- OOO SRC Bioclinicum, Moscow, 115088 Russia
| | | | | | - A A Poloznikov
- National Medical Research Radiological Center, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Obninsk, Kaluga oblast, 249036 Russia
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22
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Brown JM, Bland R, Jonsson E, Greenshaw AJ. A Brief History of Awareness of the Link Between Alcohol and Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder. Can J Psychiatry 2019; 64:164-168. [PMID: 29807454 PMCID: PMC6405809 DOI: 10.1177/0706743718777403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) is a medical term used to describe a range of mental and physical disabilities caused by maternal alcohol consumption. The role of alcohol as a teratogen and its effects on the cellular growth of the embryo and the fetus were not determined on scientific grounds until the late 1960s. However, the link between alcohol use during pregnancy and its harms to offspring might have been observed frequently over the many thousands of years during which alcohol has been available and used for social and other reasons. METHODS AND RESULTS Using sources ranging from the biblical Book of Judges (pre-1700) up until the first public health bulletin (1977), we seek to provide an overview of the academic debate around early historical accounts ostensibly attributed to the awareness of alcohol as a prenatal teratogen as well as to describe the social and political influences that sculpted developments leading to the public recognition of FASD. CONCLUSIONS Our analysis provides a brief overview of the discourse regarding historical awareness of the detrimental effects of prenatal alcohol exposure on fetal development leading to the formal recognition of FASD as a distinct clinical entity. Further research will be required to fully appreciate the scientific, medical, and societal ills associated with prenatal alcohol exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine M Brown
- 1 Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta
| | - Roger Bland
- 1 Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta
| | - Egon Jonsson
- 1 Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta
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23
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Mandt D, Gruber P, Markovic M, Tromayer M, Rothbauer M, Kratz SRA, Ali SF, Hoorick JV, Holnthoner W, Mühleder S, Dubruel P, Vlierberghe SV, Ertl P, Liska R, Ovsianikov A. Fabrication of biomimetic placental barrier structures within a microfluidic device utilizing two-photon polymerization. Int J Bioprint 2018; 4:144. [PMID: 33102920 PMCID: PMC7581993 DOI: 10.18063/ijb.v4i2.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The placenta is a transient organ, essential for development and survival of the unborn fetus. It interfaces the body of the pregnant woman with the unborn child and secures transport of endogenous and exogenous substances. Maternal and fetal blood are thereby separated at any time, by the so-called placental barrier. Current in vitro approaches fail to model this multifaceted structure, therefore research in the field of placental biology is particularly challenging. The present study aimed at establishing a novel model, simulating placental transport and its implications on development, in a versatile but reproducible way. The basal membrane was replicated using a gelatin-based material, closely mimicking the composition and properties of the natural extracellular matrix. The microstructure was produced by using a high-resolution 3D printing method - the two-photon polymerization (2PP). In order to structure gelatin by 2PP, its primary amines and carboxylic acids are modified with methacrylamides and methacrylates (GelMOD-AEMA), respectively. High-resolution structures in the range of a few micrometers were produced within the intersection of a customized microfluidic device, separating the x-shaped chamber into two isolated cell culture compartments. Human umbilical-vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) seeded on one side of this membrane simulate the fetal compartment while human choriocarcinoma cells, isolated from placental tissue (BeWo B30) mimic the maternal syncytium. This barrier model in combination with native flow profiles can be used to mimic the microenvironment of the placenta, investigating different pharmaceutical, clinical and biological scenarios. As proof-of-principle, this bioengineered placental barrier was used for the investigation of transcellular transport processes. While high molecular weight substances did not permeate, smaller molecules in the size of glucose were able to diffuse through the barrier in a time-depended manner. We envision to apply this bioengineered placental barrier for pathophysiological research, where altered nutrient transport is associated with health risks for the fetus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Mandt
- Institute of Materials Science and Technology, TU Wien, Vienna Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Austria
| | - Peter Gruber
- Institute of Materials Science and Technology, TU Wien, Vienna Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Austria
| | - Marica Markovic
- Institute of Materials Science and Technology, TU Wien, Vienna Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Austria
| | - Maximillian Tromayer
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Austria.,Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, TU Wien, Vienna Austria
| | - Mario Rothbauer
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, TU Wien, Vienna Austria
| | | | - Syed Faheem Ali
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, TU Wien, Vienna Austria
| | - Jasper Van Hoorick
- Polymer Chemistry and Biomaterials Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Brussels Photonics, Department of Applied Physics and Photonics, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Wolfgang Holnthoner
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Austria.,Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Severin Mühleder
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Austria.,Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Dubruel
- Polymer Chemistry and Biomaterials Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sandra Van Vlierberghe
- Polymer Chemistry and Biomaterials Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Brussels Photonics, Department of Applied Physics and Photonics, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Peter Ertl
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Austria.,Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, TU Wien, Vienna Austria
| | - Robert Liska
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Austria.,Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, TU Wien, Vienna Austria
| | - Aleksandr Ovsianikov
- Institute of Materials Science and Technology, TU Wien, Vienna Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Austria
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24
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Campagnolo L, Massimiani M, Vecchione L, Piccirilli D, Toschi N, Magrini A, Bonanno E, Scimeca M, Castagnozzi L, Buonanno G, Stabile L, Cubadda F, Aureli F, Fokkens PH, Kreyling WG, Cassee FR, Pietroiusti A. Silver nanoparticles inhaled during pregnancy reach and affect the placenta and the foetus. Nanotoxicology 2017; 11:687-698. [PMID: 28618895 DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2017.1343875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Recently, interest for the potential impact of consumer-relevant engineered nanoparticles on pregnancy has dramatically increased. This study investigates whether inhaled silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) reach and cross mouse placental barrier and induce adverse effects. Apart from their relevance for the growing use in consumer products and biomedical applications, AgNPs are selected since they can be unequivocally identified in tissues. Pregnant mouse females are exposed during the first 15 days of gestation by nose-only inhalation to a freshly produced aerosol of 18-20 nm AgNPs for either 1 or 4 h, at a particle number concentration of 3.80 × 107 part./cm-3 and at a mass concentration of 640 μg/m³. AgNPs are identified and quantitated in maternal tissues, placentas and foetuses by transmission electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and single-particle inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Inhalation of AgNPs results in increased number of resorbed foetuses associated with reduced oestrogen plasma levels, in the 4 h/day exposed mothers. Increased expression of pregnancy-relevant inflammatory cytokines is also detected in the placentas of both groups. These results prove that NPs are able to reach and cross the mouse placenta and suggest that precaution should be taken with respect to acute exposure to nanoparticles during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Campagnolo
- a Department of Biomedicine and Prevention , University of Rome Tor Vergata , Rome , Italy
| | - Micol Massimiani
- a Department of Biomedicine and Prevention , University of Rome Tor Vergata , Rome , Italy
| | - Lucia Vecchione
- a Department of Biomedicine and Prevention , University of Rome Tor Vergata , Rome , Italy.,b Department of Physics , University of Calabria , Arcavacata di Rende , CS , Italy
| | - Diletta Piccirilli
- a Department of Biomedicine and Prevention , University of Rome Tor Vergata , Rome , Italy
| | - Nicola Toschi
- a Department of Biomedicine and Prevention , University of Rome Tor Vergata , Rome , Italy
| | - Andrea Magrini
- a Department of Biomedicine and Prevention , University of Rome Tor Vergata , Rome , Italy
| | - Elena Bonanno
- c Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery , University of Rome Tor Vergata , Rome , Italy
| | - Manuel Scimeca
- c Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery , University of Rome Tor Vergata , Rome , Italy
| | - Luca Castagnozzi
- a Department of Biomedicine and Prevention , University of Rome Tor Vergata , Rome , Italy
| | - Giorgio Buonanno
- d Department of Civil and Mechanical Engineering , University of Cassino and Southern Lazio , Cassino , Italy.,e Queensland University of Technology , Brisbane City , QLD , Australia
| | - Luca Stabile
- d Department of Civil and Mechanical Engineering , University of Cassino and Southern Lazio , Cassino , Italy
| | - Francesco Cubadda
- f Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health , Istituto Superiore di Sanità-National Institute of Health , Rome , Italy
| | - Federica Aureli
- f Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health , Istituto Superiore di Sanità-National Institute of Health , Rome , Italy
| | - Paul Hb Fokkens
- g National Institute for Public Health and the Environment , Bilthoven , The Netherlands
| | - Wolfgang G Kreyling
- h Helmholtz Zentrum München , Institute of Epidemiology 2 , Neuherberg , Germany
| | - Flemming R Cassee
- g National Institute for Public Health and the Environment , Bilthoven , The Netherlands.,i Institute for Risk Assessment Studies, Utrecht University , Utrecht , TD , The Netherlands
| | - Antonio Pietroiusti
- a Department of Biomedicine and Prevention , University of Rome Tor Vergata , Rome , Italy
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25
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Li W, Li G, Zhong Z, Xie B, Zhou Z, Gu W, Shi X, Tang T, Ai S, Fu H, Liu M, Liu M, Wu D, Hu Y, Peng G. Validation of an HPLC assay for determination of Telazol in pregnant pigs: application to placental transfer study. J Vet Med Sci 2017; 79:801-806. [PMID: 28302956 PMCID: PMC5402205 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.16-0300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Anesthetics utilized for the immobilization of pregnant mammals are prone to crossing the
placental barrier and cause adverse effects to the fetuses. In this study, we develop a
facile method employing high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for the study of
Telazol crossing the placental barrier of pregnant pigs. The method mainly relies on the
efficient extraction strategy that includes the mobile phase composed of 10 mM ammonium
acetate aqueous solution-acetonitrile (1:4, v/v). When the injected dose of Telazol is 10
mg/kg (5 mg/kg of each constituent drug, zolazepem and tiletamine), zolazepam can cross
the placental barrier as it is detected in both uterus and umbilical cord with
approximately the same content. Conversely, tiletamine is detected in neither uterus nor
umbilical cord, indicating the absence of placental transfer of tiletamine. The different
absorption rates of the two dosage-equal compounds by pigs are found to be the main cause
of their different abilities to cross the placental barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, P. R. China
| | - Gangshi Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, P. R. China
| | - Zhijun Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, P. R. China
| | - Bingbing Xie
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, P. R. China
| | - Ziyao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, P. R. China
| | - Wuyang Gu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, P. R. China
| | - Xianpeng Shi
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, P. R. China
| | - Tianliang Tang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, P. R. China
| | - Shengquan Ai
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, P. R. China
| | - Hualin Fu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, P. R. China
| | - Mengjiao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, P. R. China
| | - Mengxi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, P. R. China
| | - De Wu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, P. R. China
| | - Yanchun Hu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, P. R. China
| | - Guangneng Peng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, P. R. China
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26
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Yuan S, Luo Q, Zhang ZW, Li ZL. Commentary: Teratogenic effects of the Zika virus and the role of the placenta. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2017; 7:62. [PMID: 28316955 PMCID: PMC5334333 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2017.00062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shu Yuan
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University Chengdu, China
| | - Qin Luo
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Chengdu Medical College Chengdu, China
| | - Zhong-Wei Zhang
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University Chengdu, China
| | - Zi-Lin Li
- General Hospital of Lanzhou Military Region Lanzhou, China
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27
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Richard AS, Shim BS, Kwon YC, Zhang R, Otsuka Y, Schmitt K, Berri F, Diamond MS, Choe H. AXL-dependent infection of human fetal endothelial cells distinguishes Zika virus from other pathogenic flaviviruses. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:2024-9. [PMID: 28167751 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1620558114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Although a causal relationship between Zika virus (ZIKV) and microcephaly has been established, it remains unclear why ZIKV, but not other pathogenic flaviviruses, causes congenital defects. Here we show that when viruses are produced in mammalian cells, ZIKV, but not the closely related dengue virus (DENV) or West Nile virus (WNV), can efficiently infect key placental barrier cells that directly contact the fetal bloodstream. We show that AXL, a receptor tyrosine kinase, is the primary ZIKV entry cofactor on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), and that ZIKV uses AXL with much greater efficiency than does DENV or WNV. Consistent with this observation, only ZIKV, but not WNV or DENV, bound the AXL ligand Gas6. In comparison, when DENV and WNV were produced in insect cells, they also infected HUVECs in an AXL-dependent manner. Our data suggest that ZIKV, when produced from mammalian cells, infects fetal endothelial cells much more efficiently than other pathogenic flaviviruses because it binds Gas6 more avidly, which in turn facilitates its interaction with AXL.
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28
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Zhang ZW, Li ZL, Yuan S. The Role of Secretory Autophagy in Zika Virus Transfer through the Placental Barrier. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2017; 6:206. [PMID: 28119857 PMCID: PMC5220013 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2016.00206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies indicated that the Zika virus genome could be detected in the amniotic fluid and the fetal brain, which confirms that the virus can cross the placental barrier. Secretory autophagy or exosome pathways may participate in this virus transfer. Autophagy modulators regulate autophagosome formation or membrane fusion with lysosomal vesicles and therefore inhibit viral nucleocapsid releasing or virus transfer to the fetus hypothetically. However, some autophagy modulators may enhance virus replication. Autophagy inhibitors may arrest placental development; while exaggeration of autophagy in human placenta may be associated with the fetal growth restriction. Therefore, autophagy modulators should be used carefully due to their complex clinical effects. Alternatively, exosome-specific inhibitors might be also considered, although their safety of both maternal and fetal conditions must be carefully assessed before any advancement to human clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Wei Zhang
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University Chengdu, China
| | - Zi-Lin Li
- General Hospital of Lanzhou Military Region Lanzhou, China
| | - Shu Yuan
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University Chengdu, China
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29
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Teng C, Wang Z, Yan B. Fine particle-induced birth defects: Impacts of size, payload, and beyond. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 108:196-206. [PMID: 27581067 DOI: 10.1002/bdrc.21136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Worldwide epidemiological studies have shown that exposures to particulate matters (PMs), such as PM2.5 or PM10 , during pregnancy cause birth defects in the newborn. Although mechanistic understanding of such effects are not available, recent research using murine models highlights some key progress: (1) toxicity caused by PMs is a combined effects of particles and the adsorbed toxic pollutants, such as heavy metals, persistent organic pollutants, bacteria, and virus. Fine particles may hold on to pollutants and, therefore, reduce their toxicity or enhance the toxicity by carrying pollutants crossing the placental barrier; (2) smaller size, certain particle surface chemistry modifications, early developmental stage of placenta, and maternal diseases all aggravate PM-induced birth defects; (3) molecular events involved in such toxicity are begin to emerge: induction of oxidative stress, DNA damage, and alteration of molecular signaling or epigenetic events are some possible causes. Despite this progress, a clear understanding of PM-induced birth defects awaits further breakthroughs on many fronts, including epidemiological studies, animal models, nanotoxicity, and molecular mechanism investigations. Birth Defects Research (Part C) 108:196-206, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanfeng Teng
- Chuanfeng Teng and Bing Yan are from the School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Zhiping Wang
- Chuanfeng Teng and Bing Yan are from the School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China.,Zhiping Wang is from the School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Bing Yan
- Chuanfeng Teng and Bing Yan are from the School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China.
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30
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Lee JS, Romero R, Han YM, Kim HC, Kim CJ, Hong JS, Huh D. Placenta-on-a-chip: a novel platform to study the biology of the human placenta. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2015; 29:1046-54. [PMID: 26075842 DOI: 10.3109/14767058.2015.1038518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Studying the biology of the human placenta represents a major experimental challenge. Although conventional cell culture techniques have been used to study different types of placenta-derived cells, current in vitro models have limitations in recapitulating organ-specific structure and key physiological functions of the placenta. Here we demonstrate that it is possible to leverage microfluidic and microfabrication technologies to develop a microengineered biomimetic model that replicates the architecture and function of the placenta. MATERIALS AND METHODS A "Placenta-on-a-Chip" microdevice was created by using a set of soft elastomer-based microfabrication techniques known as soft lithography. This microsystem consisted of two polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microfluidic channels separated by a thin extracellular matrix (ECM) membrane. To reproduce the placental barrier in this model, human trophoblasts (JEG-3) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were seeded onto the opposite sides of the ECM membrane and cultured under dynamic flow conditions to form confluent epithelial and endothelial layers in close apposition. We tested the physiological function of the microengineered placental barrier by measuring glucose transport across the trophoblast-endothelial interface over time. The permeability of the barrier study was analyzed and compared to that obtained from acellular devices and additional control groups that contained epithelial or endothelial layers alone. RESULTS Our microfluidic cell culture system provided a tightly controlled fluidic environment conducive to the proliferation and maintenance of JEG-3 trophoblasts and HUVECs on the ECM scaffold. Prolonged culture in this model produced confluent cellular monolayers on the intervening membrane that together formed the placental barrier. This in vivo-like microarchitecture was also critical for creating a physiologically relevant effective barrier to glucose transport. Quantitative investigation of barrier function was conducted by calculating permeability coefficients and metabolic rates in varying conditions of barrier structure. The rates of glucose transport and metabolism were consistent with previously reported in vivo observations. CONCLUSION The "Placenta-on-a-Chip" microdevice described herein provides new opportunities to simulate and analyze critical physiological responses of the placental barrier. This system may be used to address the major limitations of existing placenta model systems and serve to enable research platforms for reproductive biology and medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Soo Lee
- a Interdisciplinary Program of Bioengineering, Seoul National University Graduate School , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Roberto Romero
- b Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development , NIH, Bethesda, MD and Detroit, MI , USA .,c Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , MI , USA .,d Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics , Michigan State University , East Lansing , MI , USA .,e Department of Molecular Obstetrics and Genetics , Wayne State University , Detroit , MI , USA
| | - Yu Mi Han
- f Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Seoul National University Bundang Hospital , Gyeonggi-do , Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Chan Kim
- g Institute of Medical and Biological Engineering, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University , Seoul , Republic of Korea .,h Department of Biomedical Engineering , Seoul National University College of Medicine , Seoul , Republic of Korea .,i Department of Biomedical Engineering , Seoul National University Hospital , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Chong Jai Kim
- j Department of Pathology , Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine , Seoul , Republic of Korea , and
| | - Joon-Seok Hong
- f Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Seoul National University Bundang Hospital , Gyeonggi-do , Republic of Korea
| | - Dongeun Huh
- k Department of Bioengineering , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , PA , USA
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Khlebtsov N, Bogatyrev V, Dykman L, Khlebtsov B, Staroverov S, Shirokov A, Matora L, Khanadeev V, Pylaev T, Tsyganova N, Terentyuk G. Analytical and theranostic applications of gold nanoparticles and multifunctional nanocomposites. Theranostics 2013; 3:167-80. [PMID: 23471188 PMCID: PMC3590586 DOI: 10.7150/thno.5716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2012] [Accepted: 01/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) and GNP-based multifunctional nanocomposites are the subject of intensive studies and biomedical applications. This minireview summarizes our recent efforts in analytical and theranostic applications of engineered GNPs and nanocomposites by using plasmonic properties of GNPs and various optical techniques. Specifically, we consider analytical biosensing; visualization and bioimaging of bacterial, mammalian, and plant cells; photodynamic treatment of pathogenic bacteria; and photothermal therapy of xenografted tumors. In addition to recently published reports, we discuss new data on dot immunoassay diagnostics of mycobacteria, multiplexed immunoelectron microscopy analysis of Azospirillum brasilense, materno-embryonic transfer of GNPs in pregnant rats, and combined photodynamic and photothermal treatment of rat xenografted tumors with gold nanorods covered by a mesoporous silica shell doped with hematoporphyrin.
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Dawe GS, Tan XW, Xiao ZC. Cell migration from baby to mother. Cell Adh Migr 2007; 1:19-27. [PMID: 19262088 PMCID: PMC2633676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2007] [Accepted: 02/28/2007] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Fetal cells migrate into the mother during pregnancy. Fetomaternal transfer probably occurs in all pregnancies and in humans the fetal cells can persist for decades. Microchimeric fetal cells are found in various maternal tissues and organs including blood, bone marrow, skin and liver. In mice, fetal cells have also been found in the brain. The fetal cells also appear to target sites of injury. Fetomaternal microchimerism may have important implications for the immune status of women, influencing autoimmunity and tolerance to transplants. Further understanding of the ability of fetal cells to cross both the placental and blood-brain barriers, to migrate into diverse tissues, and to differentiate into multiple cell types may also advance strategies for intravenous transplantation of stem cells for cytotherapeutic repair. Here we discuss hypotheses for how fetal cells cross the placental and blood-brain barriers and the persistence and distribution of fetal cells in the mother.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavin S Dawe
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
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Pehrson B, Hakkarainen J, Blomgren L. Vitamin E status in newborn lambs with special reference to the effect of dl-alpha-tocopheryl acetate supplementation in late gestation. Acta Vet Scand 1990; 31:359-67. [PMID: 2080780 PMCID: PMC8133248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Pregnant ewes were supplemented with dl-alpha-tocopheryl acetate, either as a single intramuscular dose (500 mg two weeks before lambing) or perorally (150 mg daily during 3-4 weeks before lambing). Ewes without such a supplementation were controls. The vitamin E supplemented ewes had nearly twice as high vitamin E (alpha-tocopherol) concentrations as the unsupplemented control ewes at lambing both in serum and in colostrum. The vitamin E concentration in colostrum was 5-11 higher than in milk 1 week after lambing. Both supplementations somewhat increased the vitamin E serum concentration of the newborn lambs, but the increase was negligible in comparison with the effect produced by the consumption of colostrum. All lambs had very low serum concentrations at birth. The lambs from the supplemented ewes had significantly higher serum values than the control lambs 24 h after birth. The ewes had somewhat higher selenium status at birth than their offsprings when evaluated by glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in the erythrocytes. It seems reasonable that nutritional muscular degeneration may arise in newborn lambs with a normal selenium status if their vitamin E status is critical, either because of an inadequate consumption of colostrum or because of a vitamin E deficient diet during pregnancy with a low vitamin concentration of colostrum as a consequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Pehrson
- Experimental Station, Veterinary Institute, Skara, Sweden
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Abstract
A genetic variant of esterase in mice is used to demonstrate for the first time that an enzyme of maternal origin is taken up intracellularly by two mid-gestation tissues dervied from the embryo: trophoblast and yolk sac (visceral endoderm). Although other alternatives are still possible, it is likely that the esterase is transported from the mother to the trophoblast via the serum. If so, the phenomenon is selective, since at least one other prominent serum esterase is not found in trophoblast or yolk sac cells. The enzyme has not been detected in the embryo proper, even at very late stages of pregnancy. Trophoblast cells-developing from blastocysts implanted under the kidney capsule of a male mouse also appear to have the ability to take up host esterase. Efforts to demonstrate uptake of the enzyme by trophoblast cells in blastocyst cultures have been unsuccessful.
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