1
|
Yamanaka R, Hayano A. Secondary Craniofacial Sarcomas Following Retinoblastoma: A Systematic Review. World Neurosurg 2017; 101:722-730.e4. [PMID: 28214635 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2017.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Revised: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We conducted the largest systematic review of individual patient data to characterize secondary craniofacial sarcomas following retinoblastoma. METHODS We conducted a systemic search of the PubMed databases and compiled a comprehensive literature review. Student t tests were used to evaluate differences between variables. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to estimate survival. Statistical significance was assessed using a log-rank test. RESULTS We analyzed 220 cases of secondary craniofacial sarcomas, including 112 osteosarcomas. The average age (±SD) of onset for retinoblastoma was 1.20 ± 2.77 years. External-beam radiotherapy was delivered in 207 patients (94.0%) and chemotherapy was delivered in 53 patients (24.0%) patients. The latency period between retinoblastoma diagnosis and the onset of secondary sarcomas was 12 years. Cranial extension was found in 66 patients (30.0%). The median overall survival was worse with cranial extension (P = 0.0073). In cranial extended patients, the median survival in patients who received chemotherapy was 41 months, whereas patients who did not receive chemotherapy had a median survival of 12 months (P = 0.0020). CONCLUSIONS The risk of incidence of secondary sarcomas in retinoblastoma patients warrants longer follow-up periods. Moreover, chemotherapy should be considered as a potential treatment option for secondary cranial sarcomas following retinoblastoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryuya Yamanaka
- Laboratory of Molecular Target Therapy for Cancer, Graduate School for Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Azusa Hayano
- Laboratory of Molecular Target Therapy for Cancer, Graduate School for Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Coffin CM, Davis JL, Borinstein SC. Syndrome-associated soft tissue tumours. Histopathology 2013; 64:68-87. [DOI: 10.1111/his.12280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl M Coffin
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology; Vanderbilt University School of Medicine; Nashville TN USA
| | - Jessica L Davis
- Department of Anatomic Pathology; Laboratory Medicine; University of California at San Francisco; San Francisco CA USA
| | - Scott C Borinstein
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology; Department of Pediatrics; Vanderbilt University School of Medicine; Nashville TN USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Dang ND, Teh BS, Paulino AC. Rhabdomyosarcoma arising in a previously irradiated field: an analysis of 43 patients. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2012; 85:598-603. [PMID: 22836049 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2012.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2012] [Revised: 06/04/2012] [Accepted: 06/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Patients with soft tissue sarcomas that arise from previously irradiated fields have traditionally been reported to have a poor prognosis. In this report, we examined the characteristics and outcomes of patients who developed a rhabdomyosarcoma in a previously irradiated field (RMS-RIF); we hypothesize that these patients should have a better outcome compared to other postradiation soft tissue sarcomas as these tumors are chemosensitive and radiosensitive. A PubMed search of the literature from 1961-2010 yielded 33 studies with data for patients with RMS-RIF. The study included 43 patients with a median age of 6.5 years at the time of radiation therapy (RT) for the initial tumor. The median RT dose was 48 Gy. The median latency period, the time from RT to development of RMS-RIF, was 8 years. The 3-year overall survival for RMS-RIF was 42%. The 3-year overall survival was 66% for patients receiving chemotherapy and local treatment (surgery and/or RT) compared to 29% for those who had systemic treatment only or local treatment only (P=.049). Other factors associated with increased 3-year overall survival included retinoblastoma initial diagnosis (P<.001), age ≤ 18 years at diagnosis of RMS-RIF (P=.003), favorable site (P=.008), and stage 1 disease (P=.002). Age at time of RMS-RIF, retinoblastoma initial tumor, favorable site, stage 1 disease, and use of both systemic and local treatment were found to be favorable prognostic factors for 3-year overall survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen D Dang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Cebulla CM, Kleinerman RA, Alegret A, Kulak A, Dubovy SR, Hess DJ, Murray TG. Rapid appearance of rhabdomyosarcoma after radiation and chemotherapy for retinoblastoma: a clinicopathologic correlation. Retin Cases Brief Rep 2009; 3:343-346. [PMID: 20634992 PMCID: PMC2902172 DOI: 10.1097/icb.0b013e31817377a5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Colleen M. Cebulla
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Ruth A. Kleinerman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Armando Alegret
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Amy Kulak
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Sander R. Dubovy
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Ditte J. Hess
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Timothy G. Murray
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Leung GKK, Lee WCK, Nicholls JM. Radiation-induced rhabdomyosarcomatous transformation of a recurrent meningeal haemangiopericytoma. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2007; 149:1163-7; discussion 1167. [PMID: 17906967 DOI: 10.1007/s00701-007-1289-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2007] [Accepted: 06/12/2007] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A 53-year-old woman presented in 1979 with a posterior fossa meningeal haemangiopericytoma (HPC) for which she underwent surgical resection and post-operative radiotherapy. Repeated tumour recurrences occurred 18 years afterwards which were treated with resections and stereotactic radiotherapy. Surgery for tumour recurrence in 2005 revealed features of rhabdomyosarcomatous transformation. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of rhabdomyosarcomatous transformation within a HPC which was likely to be radiation-induced, and was associated with relentless disease progression more than 20 years after the initial presentation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Ka Kit Leung
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Hong Kong Medical Centre, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Rodini CO, Pontes FSC, Pontes HAR, Santos PSDS, Magalhães MG, Pinto DS. Oral leiomyosarcomas: report of two cases with immunohistochemical profile. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 104:e50-5. [PMID: 17706443 DOI: 10.1016/j.tripleo.2007.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2007] [Revised: 05/04/2007] [Accepted: 05/10/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Leiomyosarcoma of the oral cavity is a very rare tumor associated with aggressive clinical behavior and low survival. In this paper, we report 2 cases of leiomyosarcoma, affecting the gingival mucosa of a 54-year-old female and the maxillary bone of a 63-year-old male. Histologically, the tumors were composed of variably oriented fascicles of spindle-shaped cells with cigar-shaped nuclei and eosinophilic cytoplasm. The lesions were treated by surgical resection. Immunoreactivity to anti-vimentin, anti-smooth muscle actin, anti-desmin, anti-laminin, and anti-muscle-specific actin antibodies were found; conversely, the tumor cells were negative for anti-S100 and AE1/AE3 proteins. This report emphasizes the role of immunohistochemical study for correct diagnosis of leiomyosarcoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Camila Oliveira Rodini
- Department of Stomatology (Oral Pathology), Dental School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Tateishi U, Hasegawa T, Yamamoto S, Yamaguchi U, Yokoyama R, Kawamoto H, Satake M, Arai Y. Incidence of Multiple Primary Malignancies in a Cohort of Adult Patients with Soft Tissue Sarcoma. Jpn J Clin Oncol 2005; 35:444-52. [PMID: 16024533 DOI: 10.1093/jjco/hyi128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Some studies to date have suggested the development of multiple primary malignancies in patients with soft tissue sarcoma. The current study was performed to quantify the risk of development of multiple primary malignancies in adult patients with soft tissue sarcoma. METHODS A total of 406 consecutive patients who were diagnosed with soft tissue sarcoma were identified in the study analysis. The cumulative incidence of multiple malignancies was calculated by comparing Kaplan-Meier curves and log-rank tests from each histological type. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to estimate the influence on the hazard ratio (HR) of each variable. RESULTS A total of 35 patients with soft tissue sarcoma (9%), having preceding (n = 15) and subsequent (n = 20) malignancies other than soft tissue sarcoma were documented. The 5- and 10-year estimated cumulative incidence of multiple primary malignancies were 7.6 and 12.3%, respectively. The hazard risk of multiple primary malignancies adjusted for potential confounding variables was significantly associated with age at diagnosis (HR = 1.51, P = 0.0019). The risk of multiple primary malignancies was also increased in patients with myxofibrosarcoma adjusted by the potential confounding variables (HR = 2.34, P = 0.048). The 5- and 10-year estimated cumulative incidence of multiple primary malignancies in patients with myxofibrosarcoma were both 16.9%. CONCLUSION The results of our study confirm that the risk of multiple malignancies appears to be impacted by age at the time of diagnosis of the first tumor and by the histological type of myxofibrosarcoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ukihide Tateishi
- Division of Diagnostic Radiology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, 104-0045 Tokyo, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Pinarli FG, Oğuz A, Karadeniz C, Uluoğlu O, Akyürek N. Second primary myogenic sarcoma in a patient with bilateral retinoblastoma. Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2004; 21:545-50. [PMID: 15552818 DOI: 10.1080/08880010490477356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Retinoblastoma is the primary ocular malignancy affecting children under 6 years of age. The development of second malignant tumors in survivors of hereditary retinoblastoma is a well-known clinical entity and a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Rhabdomyosarcomas as second primary tumors have been only rarely described. The authors report a patient with bilateral retinoblastoma who developed a myogenic sarcoma of the orbit after 5.5 years of diagnosis. The short latency period may be explained by tumor histology with the contribution of radiotherapy and chemotherapy. The prognosis of second tumors is poor despite aggressive treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Güçlü Pinarli
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Gazi University Medical Faculty, Ankara, Turkey.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Aerts I, Pacquement H, Doz F, Mosseri V, Desjardins L, Sastre X, Michon J, Rodriguez J, Schlienger P, Zucker JM, Quintana E. Outcome of second malignancies after retinoblastoma: a retrospective analysis of 25 patients treated at the Institut Curie. Eur J Cancer 2004; 40:1522-9. [PMID: 15196536 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2004.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2003] [Accepted: 02/18/2004] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Retinoblastoma is usually curable in developed countries. The morbidity and mortality of patients with hereditary retinoblastoma is still threatened by the occurrence of secondary tumours. Between 1971 and 1988, 427 patients with retinoblastoma were treated in the ophthalmologic, paediatric and radiotherapy departments of the Institut Curie. In this study, we report the clinical and therapeutic features and the outcome of 25 patients treated for a second malignant neoplasm, diagnosed between 1997 and 1999 at the Institut Curie. The median time interval between the diagnosis of retinoblastoma and SMN was 11.2 years (range 3.8-20.6 years). Histopathological diagnoses included: 12 osteosarcomas, 12 soft tissue sarcomas and, 1 malignant oligodendroglioma. The second malignant neoplasm was located inside the radiation field in 21 cases and outside in 4. Twenty three patients received pre-operative chemotherapy. Surgery was performed in 16 patients. Post-operative chemotherapy was administered in 12 patients and external beam radiotherapy was used in 2 patients. Response to treatment was evaluable in 24 patients: complete remissions were observed in 14/24, partial remissions in 2/24 and progressive disease in 8/24. Nineteen patients died. Six are still alive, with 4 in complete remission (median follow-up 8.8 years; range 5.8-13.9 years). Despite aggressive therapy, the prognosis of patients with second malignant neoplasm occurring after retinoblastoma is very poor. It is important to provide information to retinoblastoma patients regarding the risk of a second tumour as this may facilitate an early tumour detection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Aerts
- Pediatric Oncology Department, Institut Curie, 26 rue d'Ulm 75248 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Okada K, Hasegawa T, Tateishi U, Itoi E. Second primary osteosarcoma with rosette-like structure in a patient with retinoblastoma. Virchows Arch 2004; 445:421-4. [PMID: 15480771 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-004-1082-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2004] [Accepted: 06/15/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
A Japanese male patient developed bilateral retinoblastomas at the age of 1 year, but remained continuously disease-free after enucleation of the left eye and radiation therapy to the right eye. He noticed a painless hard mass around the right temporal bone when he was 25 years old. Biopsy specimen showed a small multi-nodular proliferation of tumor cells with prominent rosette-like structures. Eosinophilic material with focal mineralization was seen in the center of the rosettes. Immunostaining of the tumor cells showed positive reactions for epithelial membrane antigens CD 56 and CD 99. The patient was treated with systemic chemotherapy, and the tumor partially diminished. It is well known that a few osteosarcomas show a rosette-like appearance with production of osteoid in the center, but this is the first case of second primary osteosarcoma with prominent rosette-like features.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyoji Okada
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Akita University School of Medicine, Hondo 1-1-1, Akita 010-8543 Akita, Japan.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Tateishi U, Hasegawa T, Miyakawa K, Sumi M, Moriyama N. CT and MRI features of recurrent tumors and second primary neoplasms in pediatric patients with retinoblastoma. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2003; 181:879-84. [PMID: 12933497 DOI: 10.2214/ajr.181.3.1810879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of our study was to describe the CT and MRI findings of recurrent tumors and second primary (malignant and benign) neoplasms in patients with retinoblastoma and to evaluate imaging features to assist in distinguishing them. MATERIALS AND METHODS Records of 445 pathologically confirmed retinoblastomas were retrospectively reviewed. Thirty-four patients with recurrent retinoblastomas and 15 patients with second primary neoplasms who underwent CT and MRI were evaluated by two radiologists with agreement by consensus. RESULTS Invasive patterns of recurrent tumors included type A, intraocular tumor (n = 13); type B, intraorbital tumor with spread into the optic nerve shown as enlargement and marked enhancement of the optic nerve on contrast-enhanced CT or MRI (n = 6); and type C, tumor extending to the lateral aspect of the orbit and invading the brain via the sphenoidal bone (n = 2). Thirty-eight percent of patients with recurrent tumors had distant metastases (n = 7) or leptomeningeal metastases (n = 6). Leptomeningeal metastases were found only in recurrent tumors. Second primary neoplasms included osteosarcoma (n = 5), rhabdomyosarcoma (n = 5), meningioma (n = 4), and other tumors (n = 3). A significant difference was seen between the patients' ages at the time of diagnosis of recurrent tumors and second primary neoplasms (p < 0.0001). Extraorbital tumors were found more frequently among second primary neoplasms than among recurrent tumors (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Both recurrent tumors and second primary neoplasms in patients with retinoblastoma often show characteristic imaging features. The tumor distribution on CT and MRI may help in differentiating recurrent tumors and second primary neoplasms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ukihide Tateishi
- Division of Diagnostic Radiology, National Cancer Center Hospital and Research Institute, 5-1-1, Tsukiji, Chuo-Ku, 104-0045 Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Abstract
Rhabdomyosarcoma is a malignant neoplasm that is composed of cells with histopathologic features of striated muscle in various stages of embryogenesis. It can occur in several sites in the body, including the ocular region. Ocular rhabdomyosarcoma is defined as the occurrence of this tumor in the area of the eye. Most ocular rhabdomyosarcomas arise in the soft tissues of the orbit but they can rarely occur in the other ocular adnexal structures and even within the eye. The purpose of this review is to provide a brief overview of rhabdomyosarcoma and a more detailed review of orbital rhabdomyosarcoma, with emphasis on changing concepts in the diagnosis and management of this ophthalmic neoplasm.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jerry A Shields
- Oncology Service, Wills Eye Hospital, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Hasegawa T, Hirose T, Ayala AG, Ito S, Tomaru U, Matsuno Y, Shimoda T, Hirohashi S. Adult neuroblastoma of the retroperitoneum and abdomen: clinicopathologic distinction from primitive neuroectodermal tumor. Am J Surg Pathol 2001; 25:918-24. [PMID: 11420463 DOI: 10.1097/00000478-200107000-00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Adult neuroblastoma (ANB) is a rare and poorly recognized entity among a histologically defined group of small, round-cell tumors arising in the retroperitoneum and abdomen. Eight cases of ANB were compared with seven cases of primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET) in these locations to identify clinicopathologic features that could be used to distinguish between the two lesions. The ANB study group included four men and four women 22-74 years of age (mean 38 years). Five patients with ANB presented with inflammatory symptoms or elevated levels of catecholamines and their metabolites. Five of the ANB tumors were classified as undifferentiated and three as poorly differentiated with a background of neuropil. These cases often showed immunoreactivity for multiple neural markers such as CD56, chromogranin A, synaptophysin, neurofilament, and neuron-specific enolase, but were negative for CD99, cytokeratins, desmin, myogenin, smooth muscle actin, muscle-specific actin, CD34, S-100 protein, and CD45. In contrast, all of the PNETs were positive for CD99, and four (57%) were also positive for cytokeratins. Two cases of ANB of the undifferentiated subtype had ultrastructural features characteristic of neuroblastoma and lacked a chimeric transcript (EWS-FLI1or ERG), which is specific for PNET. All five patients with the undifferentiated subtype of ANB and six of the seven patients with PNET died of their disease within 3 years of discovery of the lesion. Our results show that ANB, although rare, should be considered in the differential diagnosis of patients with small, round-cell tumors in the retroperitoneum and abdomen. Appropriate immunohistochemical studies and laboratory examination enable pathologists to distinguish ANB from other differential diagnoses, especially PNET.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Hasegawa
- Department of Pathology, National Cancer Center Research Institute and Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Merimsky O, Kollender Y, Issakov J, Bickels J, Flusser G, Gutman M, Lev-Chelouche D, Inbar M, Meller I. Multiple primary malignancies in association with soft tissue sarcomas. Cancer 2001; 91:1363-71. [PMID: 11283938 DOI: 10.1002/1097-0142(20010401)91:7<1363::aid-cncr1140>3.0.co;2-f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Modern cancer treatment has increased the survival of patients with various malignancies substantially. One of the late sequelae of successful treatment is the development of a second malignant tumor. However, in many cases of second primary tumors, exposure to chemotherapy or radiation therapy is not evident, and it should be postulated that the putative mechanism for the development of the second tumor is different. In the current series, the association between soft tissue sarcoma (STS) in adults and the development of other primary malignancies was studied. METHODS A retrospective search of the data files of 610 patients with STS or bone sarcomas who were treated at the study institution between January 1995 and December 1999 was performed. All files regarding patients with STS who developed a second malignant tumor were retrieved for analysis. RESULTS Of 375 patients with STS, 28 (7.5%) developed other malignant neoplasms either before or after the diagnosis of STS. STS as the first tumor occurred in 14 patients (ages 16-72 years). Only three patients were treated with chemotherapy for their sarcoma. Radiation therapy was administered to five patients as an adjuvant to surgery for the first tumor. The second tumor types mainly included STS and renal cell carcinoma. The time interval between the diagnosis of the STS and the second malignancy was 0 (for synchronous tumors) to 21 years. Three patients developed a third primary tumor within 3 years after the diagnosis of the second tumor. The median overall survival was > 78 months. Fourteen patients (ages 35-87 years) had a first primary tumor other than STS (mainly breast carcinoma and genitourinary malignancies). The second tumors (mainly STS) appeared within 0 (for synchronous tumors) to 27 years. The median overall survival for the 14 patients in this group from the time of diagnosis of the first tumor was > 102 months. CONCLUSIONS The phenomenon of two or three primary neoplasms developing in patients in whom one of the tumors was STS occurs at a rate of 7.5%, a significantly higher rate than that reported for the occurrence of STS among the general cancer population (1%). The majority of cases occur incidentally. The clinical implication includes the need to search for an occult second primary tumor in patients with STS as an integral part of their follow-up. This is especially true in patients with primary malignant fibrous histiocytoma who demonstrate a risk for developing a renal cell carcinoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- O Merimsky
- Department of Oncology, The Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, the Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Matano S, Nakamura S, Nakamura S, Annen Y, Hattori N, Kobayashi K, Kyoda K, Sugimoto T. Monomorphic agranular natural killer cell lymphoma/leukemia with no Epstein-Barr virus association. Acta Haematol 1999; 101:206-8. [PMID: 10436303 DOI: 10.1159/000040955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The conceptual view of natural killer (NK) cell malignancies has recently undergone a significant evolution. The majority of such diseases are associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), while only a limited number of EBV-negative cases has been reported. We report an unusual case of NK cell lymphoma/leukemia showing a monomorphic histology, absence of intracytoplasmic azurophilic granules, and no EBV association. The patient was a 57-year-old woman who died 26 months after the diagnosis. Autopsy revealed tumor infiltration in the liver, spleen, lymph node, blood, and bone marrow. There was no involvement of the skin or nasal cavity throughout the clinical course. The tumor showed the monotonous proliferation of medium-sized cells without intracytoplasmic azurophilic granules. Phenotypic analysis showed CD2+, CD3/Leu4-, cytoplasmic CD3epsilon+, CD4-, CD5-, CD7+, CD8-, CD16-, CD38+, CD56+, CD57-, TdT-, granzyme B-, and TIA1+ phenotype. There were no detectable rearrangements of T cell receptor genes or immunoglobulin heavy chain genes. Furthermore, there were no EBV-encoded small RNAs. These findings provide information to improve the understanding of poorly defined entities, i.e. aggressive NK cell lymphoma/leukemia and blastic NK cell lymphoma/leukemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Matano
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tonami General Hospital, Tonami, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|