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Galindo-Feria AS, Notarnicola A, Lundberg IE, Horuluoglu B. Aminoacyl-tRNA Synthetases: On Anti-Synthetase Syndrome and Beyond. Front Immunol 2022; 13:866087. [PMID: 35634293 PMCID: PMC9136399 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.866087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Anti-synthetase syndrome (ASSD) is an autoimmune disease characterized by the presence of autoantibodies targeting one of several aminoacyl t-RNA synthetases (aaRSs) along with clinical features including interstitial lung disease, myositis, Raynaud’s phenomenon, arthritis, mechanic’s hands, and fever. The family of aaRSs consists of highly conserved cytoplasmic and mitochondrial enzymes, one for each amino acid, which are essential for the RNA translation machinery and protein synthesis. Along with their main functions, aaRSs are involved in the development of immune responses, regulation of transcription, and gene-specific silencing of translation. During the last decade, these proteins have been associated with cancer, neurological disorders, infectious responses, and autoimmune diseases including ASSD. To date, several aaRSs have been described to be possible autoantigens in different diseases. The most commonly described are histidyl (HisRS), threonyl (ThrRS), alanyl (AlaRS), glycyl (GlyRS), isoleucyl (IleRS), asparaginyl (AsnRS), phenylalanyl (PheRS), tyrosyl (TyrRS), lysyl (LysRS), glutaminyl (GlnRS), tryptophanyl (TrpRS), and seryl (SerRS) tRNA synthetases. Autoantibodies against the first eight autoantigens listed above have been associated with ASSD while the rest have been associated with other diseases. This review will address what is known about the function of the aaRSs with a focus on their autoantigenic properties. We will also describe the anti-aaRSs autoantibodies and their association to specific clinical manifestations, and discuss their potential contribution to the pathogenesis of ASSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angeles S. Galindo-Feria
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, and Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Antonella Notarnicola
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, and Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ingrid E. Lundberg
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, and Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Begum Horuluoglu
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, and Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
- *Correspondence: Begum Horuluoglu,
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Abstract
Among the 20 cytoplasmic aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRSs), alanyl-tRNA synthetase (AlaRS) has unique features. AlaRS is the only aaRS that exclusively recognizes a single G3:U70 wobble base pair in the acceptor stem of tRNA, which serves as the identity element for both the synthetic and the proofreading activities of the synthetase. The recognition is relaxed during evolution and eukaryotic AlaRS can mis-aminoacylate noncognate tRNAs with a G4:U69 base pair seemingly as a deliberate gain of function for unknown reasons. Unlike other class II aaRSs, dimerization of AlaRS is not necessarily required for aminoacylation possibly due to functional compensations from the C-terminal domain (C-Ala). In contrast to other 19 cytoplasmic aaRSs that append additional domains or motifs to acquire new functions during evolution, the functional expansion of AlaRS is likely achieved through transformations of the existing C-Ala. Given both essential canonical and diverse non-canonical roles of AlaRS, dysfunction of AlaRS leads to neurodegenerative disorders in human and various pathological phenotypes in mouse models. In this review, the uniqueness of AlaRS in both physiological and pathological events is systematically discussed, with a particular focus on its novel functions gained in evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Zhang
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Xiang-Lei Yang
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Litao Sun
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, China
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Horino T, Inotani S, Matsumoto T, Ichii O. Macromolecular creatine kinase Type 1 in a patient with anti-aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase autoantibody-related dermatomyositis. QJM 2020; 113:201-202. [PMID: 31599957 DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hcz259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- T Horino
- From the Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nephrology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Kohasu, Oko-Cho, Nankoku, Kochi 783-8505, Japan
| | - S Inotani
- From the Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nephrology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Kohasu, Oko-Cho, Nankoku, Kochi 783-8505, Japan
| | - T Matsumoto
- From the Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nephrology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Kohasu, Oko-Cho, Nankoku, Kochi 783-8505, Japan
| | - O Ichii
- Laboratory of Anatomy, Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita 18, Nishi 9, Kita-Ku, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan
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Allenbach Y, Benveniste O. Miopatie infiammatorie. Neurologia 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/s1634-7072(20)43301-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Temmoku J, Sato S, Fujita Y, Asano T, Suzuki E, Kanno T, Furuya MY, Matsuoka N, Kobayashi H, Watanabe H, Koga T, Shimizu T, Kawakami A, Migita K. Clinical significance of myositis-specific autoantibody profiles in Japanese patients with polymyositis/dermatomyositis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e15578. [PMID: 31096460 PMCID: PMC6531063 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000015578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Myositis-specific autoantibodies, such as anti-melanoma differentiation associated gene 5 (MDA5) and anti-anti-amino acyl-tRNA synthetases (ARS) antibodies, are associated with interstitial lung diseases (ILD), which determine the prognosis of polymyositis/dermatomyositis (PM/DM) patients. However, there is a paucity of data on the clinical correlation between anti-Sjögren syndrome-related antigen A (anti-SSA)/Ro52 antibodies in PM/DM. We investigated the prevalence of myositis-specific autoantibodies including anti-SSA/Ro52 antibody and assessed the clinical significance of these antibodies in patients with PM/DM.We retrospectively reviewed demographic data and clinical outcomes in patients with PM/DM. The study population comprised 24 patients with PM and 60 patients with DM. The presence of anti-myositis-specific antibodies (MDA5, ARS, Jo-1, SSA/Ro52) was determined by immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Anti-MDA5 antibody was detected in 18 patients with DM (n = 60). Anti-ARS/anti-SSA/Ro52 antibodies were detected in 31 and 39 patients with PM/DM (n = 84). Rapidly progressive ILD patients were mainly found in the anti-MDA5 antibody-positive DM group. During the follow-up period, 9 patients died. Kaplan-Meier analysis demonstrated that survival rates seem to be lower in DM patients with anti-MDA5 antibodies compared with those without anti-MDA5 antibodies. Furthermore, dual positivity for anti-SSA/Ro52 and anti-MDA5 antibodies was significantly higher in nonsurviving DM patients compared with survivors.Although the presence of anti-ARS or anti-MDA5 antibodies is a prognostic marker in patients with PM/DM, combined presence of anti-SSA/Ro52 and anti-MDA5 antibodies represent another marker for clinical outcome in DM patients. Our results suggest that anti-SSA/Ro52 antibody positivity in DM patients with anti-MDA5 antibody reveals a subgroup of DM patients with poor prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jumpei Temmoku
- Department of Rheumatology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Hikarigaoka, Fukushima
| | - Shuzo Sato
- Department of Rheumatology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Hikarigaoka, Fukushima
| | - Yuya Fujita
- Department of Rheumatology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Hikarigaoka, Fukushima
| | - Tomoyuki Asano
- Department of Rheumatology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Hikarigaoka, Fukushima
| | - Eiji Suzuki
- Department of Rheumatology, Ohta Nishinouchi General Hospital Foundation, Nishinouchi, Koriyama, Fukushima
| | - Takashi Kanno
- Department of Rheumatology, Ohta Nishinouchi General Hospital Foundation, Nishinouchi, Koriyama, Fukushima
| | - Makiko Yashiro Furuya
- Department of Rheumatology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Hikarigaoka, Fukushima
| | - Naoki Matsuoka
- Department of Rheumatology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Hikarigaoka, Fukushima
| | - Hiroko Kobayashi
- Department of Rheumatology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Hikarigaoka, Fukushima
| | - Hiroshi Watanabe
- Department of Rheumatology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Hikarigaoka, Fukushima
| | - Tomohiro Koga
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Unit of Translational Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Toshimasa Shimizu
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Unit of Translational Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kawakami
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Unit of Translational Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Migita
- Department of Rheumatology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Hikarigaoka, Fukushima
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Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases: Structure, function, and drug discovery. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 111:400-414. [PMID: 29305884 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.12.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Revised: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (AARSs) are the enzymes that catalyze the aminoacylation reaction by covalently linking an amino acid to its cognate tRNA in the first step of protein translation. Beyond this classical function, these enzymes are also known to have a role in several metabolic and signaling pathways that are important for cell viability. Study of these enzymes is of great interest to the researchers due to its pivotal role in the growth and survival of an organism. Further, unfolding the interesting structural and functional aspects of these enzymes in the last few years has qualified them as a potential drug target against various diseases. Here we review the classification, function, and the conserved as well the appended structural architecture of these enzymes in detail, including its association with multi-synthetase complexes. We also considered their role in human diseases in terms of mutations and autoantibodies against AARSs. Finally, we have discussed the available inhibitors against AARSs. This review offers comprehensive information on AARSs under a single canopy that would be a good inventory for researchers working in this area.
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Parkes JE, Rothwell S, Day PJ, McHugh NJ, Betteridge ZE, Cooper RG, Ollier WE, Chinoy H, Lamb JA. Systematic protein-protein interaction and pathway analyses in the idiopathic inflammatory myopathies. Arthritis Res Ther 2016; 18:156. [PMID: 27388770 PMCID: PMC4936183 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-016-1061-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM) are autoimmune diseases characterised by acquired proximal muscle weakness, inflammatory cell infiltrates in muscle and myositis-specific/associated autoantibodies. It is unclear which pathways are involved in IIM, and the functional relationship between autoantibody targets has not been systematically explored. Protein-protein interaction and pathway analyses were conducted to identify pathways relevant to disease, using autoantibody targets and gene products of IIM-associated single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) loci. METHODS Protein-protein interactions were analysed using Disease Association Protein-Protein Link Evaluator (DAPPLE). Gene ontology and pathway analyses were conducted using Database for Annotation Visualisation and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) and Gene Relationships Across Implicated Loci (GRAIL). Analyses were undertaken including the targets of published autoantibodies, significant and suggestive SNPs from an IIM association study and autoantibody targets plus SNPs combined. RESULTS The protein-protein interaction networks formed by autoantibody targets and associated SNPs showed significant direct and/or indirect connectivity (p < 0.05). Autoantibody targets plus associated SNPs combined resulted in more significant indirect and common interactor connectivity, suggesting autoantibody targets and proteins encoded by IIM-associated loci may be involved in common pathways. Tumour necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) was identified as a hub protein, and UBE3B, HSPA1A, HSPA1B and PSMD3 also were identified as genes with significant connectivity. Pathway analysis identified that autoantibody targets and associated SNP regions are significantly interconnected (p < 0.01), and confirmed autoantibody target involvement in translational and post-translational processes. 'Ubiquitin' was the only keyword strongly linking significant genes across regions in all three GRAIL analyses of autoantibody targets and IIM-associated SNPs. CONCLUSIONS Autoantibody targets and IIM-associated loci show significant connectivity and inter-relatedness, and identify several key genes and pathways in IIM pathogenesis, possibly mediated via the ubiquitination pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna E Parkes
- Centre for Epidemiology, University of Manchester, 2.722 Stopford Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Simon Rothwell
- Centre for Genetics and Genomics, Arthritis Research UK, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Philip J Day
- Centre for Epidemiology, University of Manchester, 2.722 Stopford Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK.,Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Neil J McHugh
- Bath Institute of Rheumatic Diseases, Royal National Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Bath, UK
| | - Zoë E Betteridge
- Bath Institute of Rheumatic Diseases, Royal National Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Bath, UK
| | - Robert G Cooper
- MRC/ARUK Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - William E Ollier
- Centre for Epidemiology, University of Manchester, 2.722 Stopford Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Hector Chinoy
- National Institute of Health Research Manchester Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Janine A Lamb
- Centre for Epidemiology, University of Manchester, 2.722 Stopford Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK.
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Banerji J. Asparaginase treatment side-effects may be due to genes with homopolymeric Asn codons (Review-Hypothesis). Int J Mol Med 2015; 36:607-26. [PMID: 26178806 PMCID: PMC4533780 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2015.2285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The present treatment of childhood T-cell leukemias involves the systemic administration of prokary-otic L-asparaginase (ASNase), which depletes plasma Asparagine (Asn) and inhibits protein synthesis. The mechanism of therapeutic action of ASNase is poorly understood, as are the etiologies of the side-effects incurred by treatment. Protein expression from genes bearing Asn homopolymeric coding regions (N-hCR) may be particularly susceptible to Asn level fluctuation. In mammals, N-hCR are rare, short and conserved. In humans, misfunctions of genes encoding N-hCR are associated with a cluster of disorders that mimic ASNase therapy side-effects which include impaired glycemic control, dislipidemia, pancreatitis, compromised vascular integrity, and neurological dysfunction. This paper proposes that dysregulation of Asn homeostasis, potentially even by ASNase produced by the microbiome, may contribute to several clinically important syndromes by altering expression of N-hCR bearing genes. By altering amino acid abundance and modulating ribosome translocation rates at codon repeats, the microbiomic environment may contribute to genome decoding and to shaping the proteome. We suggest that impaired translation at poly Asn codons elevates diabetes risk and severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Banerji
- Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, MGH, Simches Research Center, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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Venalis P, Lundberg IE. Immune mechanisms in polymyositis and dermatomyositis and potential targets for therapy. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2013; 53:397-405. [PMID: 23970542 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/ket279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
PM and DM are characterized clinically by weakness and low endurance of skeletal muscle. Other organs are frequently involved, suggesting that idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIMs) are systemic inflammatory diseases. Involvement of immune mechanisms in IIMs is supported by the presence of T cells, macrophages and dendritic cells in muscle tissue, by the presence of autoantibodies and by HLA-DR being a strong genetic risk factor. T cells may have direct and indirect toxic effects on muscle fibres, causing muscle fibre necrosis and muscle weakness, but the target of the immune reaction is not known. A newly identified T cell subset, CD28(null) T cells, may have cytotoxic effects in the CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell phenotype. These cells are apoptosis resistant and may contribute to treatment resistance. Several myositis-specific autoantibodies have been identified, but they are all directed against ubiquitously expressed autoantigens and the specificity of the T cell reactivity is not known. These autoantibodies are associated with distinct clinical phenotypes and some with distinct molecular pathways; e.g. sera from patients with anti-Jo-1 autoantibodies may activate the type I IFN system and these sera also contain high levels of B cell activating factor compared with other IIM subsets. The characterization of patients into subgroups based on autoantibody profiles seems to be a promising way to learn more about the specificities of the immune reactions. Careful phenotyping of infiltrating immune cells in muscle tissue before and after specific therapies and relating the molecular findings to clinical outcome measures may be another way to improve knowledge on specific immune mechanism in IIMs. Such information will be important for the development of new therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulius Venalis
- CMM Foundation, Karolinska University Hospital L8:04, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden.
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10
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Guo M, Schimmel P. Essential nontranslational functions of tRNA synthetases. Nat Chem Biol 2013; 9:145-53. [PMID: 23416400 DOI: 10.1038/nchembio.1158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 282] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2012] [Accepted: 11/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Nontranslational functions of vertebrate aminoacyl tRNA synthetases (aaRSs), which catalyze the production of aminoacyl-tRNAs for protein synthesis, have recently been discovered. Although these new functions were thought to be 'moonlighting activities', many are as critical for cellular homeostasis as their activity in translation. New roles have been associated with their cytoplasmic forms as well as with nuclear and secreted extracellular forms that affect pathways for cardiovascular development and the immune response and mTOR, IFN-γ and p53 signaling. The associations of aaRSs with autoimmune disorders, cancers and neurological disorders further highlight nontranslational functions of these proteins. New architecture elaborations of the aaRSs accompany their functional expansion in higher organisms and have been associated with the nontranslational functions for several aaRSs. Although a general understanding of how these functions developed is limited, the expropriation of aaRSs for essential nontranslational functions may have been initiated by co-opting the amino acid-binding site for another purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Guo
- Department of Cancer Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida, USA
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Bruder J, Siewert K, Obermeier B, Malotka J, Scheinert P, Kellermann J, Ueda T, Hohlfeld R, Dornmair K. Target specificity of an autoreactive pathogenic human γδ-T cell receptor in myositis. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:20986-95. [PMID: 22549773 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.356709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
In polymyositis and inclusion body myositis, muscle fibers are surrounded and invaded by CD8-positive cytotoxic T cells expressing the αβ-T cell receptor (αβ-TCR) for antigen. In a rare variant of myositis, muscle fibers are similarly attacked by CD8-negative T cells expressing the γδ-TCR (γδ-T cell-mediated myositis). We investigated the antigen specificity of a human γδ-TCR previously identified in an autoimmune tissue lesion of γδ-T cell-mediated myositis. We show that this Vγ1.3Vδ2-TCR, termed M88, recognizes various proteins from different species. Several of these proteins belong to the translational apparatus, including some bacterial and human aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (AA-RS). Specifically, M88 recognizes histidyl-tRNA synthetase, an antigen known to be also targeted by autoantibodies called anti-Jo-1. The M88 target epitope is strictly conformational, independent of post-translational modification, and exposed on the surface of the respective antigenic protein. Extensive mutagenesis of the translation initiation factor-1 from Escherichia coli (EcIF1), which served as a paradigm antigen with known structure, showed that a short α-helical loop around amino acids 39 to 42 of EcIF1 is a major part of the M88 epitope. Mutagenesis of M88 showed that the complementarity determining regions 3 of both γδ-TCR chains contribute to antigen recognition. M88 is the only known example of a molecularly characterized γδ-TCR expressed by autoaggressive T cells in tissue. The observation that AA-RS are targeted by a γδ-T cell and by autoantibodies reveals an unexpected link between T cell and antibody responses in autoimmune myositis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Bruder
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, Ludwig Maximilians University, D-81377 Munich, Germany
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Chinoy H, Adimulam S, Marriage F, New P, Vincze M, Zilahi E, Kapitány A, Gyetvai A, Ekholm L, Novota P, Remakova M, Charles P, McHugh NJ, Padyukov L, Alfredsson L, Vencovsky J, Lundberg IE, Danko K, Ollier WE, Cooper RG. Interaction of HLA-DRB1*03 and smoking for the development of anti-Jo-1 antibodies in adult idiopathic inflammatory myopathies: a European-wide case study. Ann Rheum Dis 2011; 71:961-5. [PMID: 22186711 PMCID: PMC3371226 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2011-200182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Objectives HLA-DRB1*03 is strongly associated with anti-Jo-1-positive idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM) and there is now increasing evidence that Jo-1 antigen is preferentially expressed in lung tissue. This study examined whether smoking was associated with the development of anti-Jo-1 antibodies in HLA-DRB1*03-positive IIM. Methods IIM cases were selected with concurrent information regarding HLA-DRB1 status, smoking history and anti-Jo-1 antibody status. DNA was genotyped at DRB1 using a commercial sequence-specific oligonucleotide kit. Anti-Jo-1 antibody status was established using a line blot assay or immunoprecipitation. Results 557 Caucasian IIM patients were recruited from Hungary (181), UK (99), Sweden (94) and Czech Republic (183). Smoking frequency was increased in anti-Jo-1-positive IIM cases, and reached statistical significance in Hungarian IIM (45% Jo-1-positive vs 17% Jo-1-negative, OR 3.94, 95% CI 1.53 to 9.89, p<0.0001). A strong association between HLA-DRB1*03 and anti-Jo-1 status was observed across all four cohorts (DRB1*03 frequency: 74% Jo-1-positive vs 35% Jo-1-negative, OR 5.55, 95% CI 3.42 to 9.14, p<0.0001). The frequency of HLA-DRB1*03 was increased in smokers. The frequency of anti-Jo-1 was increased in DRB1*03-positive smokers vs DRB1*03-negative non-smokers (42% vs 8%, OR 7.75, 95% CI 4.21 to 14.28, p<0.0001) and DRB1*03-positive non-smokers (42% vs 31%, p=0.08). In DRB1*03-negative patients, anti-Jo-1 status between smokers and non-smokers was not significantly different. No significant interaction was noted between smoking and DRB1*03 status using anti-Jo-1 as the outcome measure. Conclusion Smoking appears to be associated with an increased risk of possession of anti-Jo-1 in HLA-DRB1*03-positive IIM cases. The authors hypothesise that an interaction between HLA-DRB1*03 and smoking may prime the development of anti-Jo-1 antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Chinoy
- Rheumatic Diseases Centre, The University of Manchester, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford, UK
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Abstract
Over the past decade, the identification of cancer-associated factors has been a subject of primary interest not only for understanding the basic mechanisms of tumorigenesis but also for discovering the associated therapeutic targets. However, aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (ARSs) have been overlooked, mostly because many assumed that they were simply 'housekeepers' that were involved in protein synthesis. Mammalian ARSs have evolved many additional domains that are not necessarily linked to their catalytic activities. With these domains, they interact with diverse regulatory factors. In addition, the expression of some ARSs is dynamically changed depending on various cellular types and stresses. This Analysis article addresses the potential pathophysiological implications of ARSs in tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunghoon Kim
- Medicinal Bioconvergence Research Center, WCU Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea.
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Vo MN, Yang XL, Schimmel P. Dissociating quaternary structure regulates cell-signaling functions of a secreted human tRNA synthetase. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:11563-8. [PMID: 21310955 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.c110.213876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Many tRNA synthetases are homodimers that are catalytically inactive as monomers. An example is the 528-amino acid human tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase, which is made up of an N-terminal catalytic unit (TyrRS(Mini)) and a 164-amino acid C-domain. Although native TyrRS has no known cytokine functions, natural proteolysis of secreted TyrRS releases TyrRS(Mini), which not only has the same aminoacylation activity as native TyrRS but also has strong activity for stimulating migration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes. The migration-stimulating activity is dependent on an ELR tripeptide motif, similar to that in CXC cytokines like IL-8, and also has the familiar bell-shaped concentration dependence seen for CXC cytokines. Here we show that in contrast to IL-8, where the bell-shaped dependence arises from the effects of CXCR1/2 receptor internalization, TyrRS(Mini) does not induce internalization of CXCR1/2. A rationally designed non-associating monomer and a non-dissociating dimer were constructed. With these constructs, the bell-shaped concentration dependence of leukocyte migration was shown to arise from the agonist (for migration) activity of the catalytically inactive monomer and the antagonist activity of the catalytically active dimer. Thus, the dissociating quaternary structure of TyrRS(Mini) regulates two opposing cytokine activities and suggests the possibility of dissociating quaternary structures regulating novel functions of other tRNA synthetases.
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Affiliation(s)
- My-Nuong Vo
- Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology and Department of Molecular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
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Bassaganya-Riera J, Guri AJ, Lu P, Climent M, Carbo A, Sobral BW, Horne WT, Lewis SN, Bevan DR, Hontecillas R. Abscisic acid regulates inflammation via ligand-binding domain-independent activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:2504-16. [PMID: 21088297 PMCID: PMC3024745 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.160077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2010] [Revised: 10/16/2010] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) has shown efficacy in the treatment of diabetes and inflammation; however, its molecular targets and the mechanisms of action underlying its immunomodulatory effects remain unclear. This study investigates the role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPAR γ) and lanthionine synthetase C-like 2 (LANCL2) as molecular targets for ABA. We demonstrate that ABA increases PPAR γ reporter activity in RAW 264.7 macrophages and increases ppar γ expression in vivo, although it does not bind to the ligand-binding domain of PPAR γ. LANCL2 knockdown studies provide evidence that ABA-mediated activation of macrophage PPAR γ is dependent on lancl2 expression. Consistent with the association of LANCL2 with G proteins, we provide evidence that ABA increases cAMP accumulation in immune cells. ABA suppresses LPS-induced prostaglandin E(2) and MCP-1 production via a PPAR γ-dependent mechanism possibly involving activation of PPAR γ and suppression of NF-κB and nuclear factor of activated T cells. LPS challenge studies in PPAR γ-expressing and immune cell-specific PPAR γ null mice demonstrate that ABA down-regulates toll-like receptor 4 expression in macrophages and T cells in vivo through a PPAR γ-dependent mechanism. Global transcriptomic profiling and confirmatory quantitative RT-PCR suggest novel candidate targets and demonstrate that ABA treatment mitigates the effect of LPS on the expression of genes involved in inflammation, metabolism, and cell signaling, in part, through PPAR γ. In conclusion, ABA decreases LPS-mediated inflammation and regulates innate immune responses through a bifurcating pathway involving LANCL2 and an alternative, ligand-binding domain-independent mechanism of PPAR γ activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josep Bassaganya-Riera
- From the Nutritional Immunology and Molecular Medicine Group, Virginia Bioinformatics Institute and
| | - Amir J. Guri
- From the Nutritional Immunology and Molecular Medicine Group, Virginia Bioinformatics Institute and
| | - Pinyi Lu
- From the Nutritional Immunology and Molecular Medicine Group, Virginia Bioinformatics Institute and
| | - Montse Climent
- From the Nutritional Immunology and Molecular Medicine Group, Virginia Bioinformatics Institute and
| | - Adria Carbo
- From the Nutritional Immunology and Molecular Medicine Group, Virginia Bioinformatics Institute and
| | - Bruno W. Sobral
- From the Nutritional Immunology and Molecular Medicine Group, Virginia Bioinformatics Institute and
| | - William T. Horne
- From the Nutritional Immunology and Molecular Medicine Group, Virginia Bioinformatics Institute and
| | - Stephanie N. Lewis
- From the Nutritional Immunology and Molecular Medicine Group, Virginia Bioinformatics Institute and
- Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061
| | - David R. Bevan
- Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061
| | - Raquel Hontecillas
- From the Nutritional Immunology and Molecular Medicine Group, Virginia Bioinformatics Institute and
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16
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Connors GR, Christopher-Stine L, Oddis CV, Danoff SK. Interstitial lung disease associated with the idiopathic inflammatory myopathies: what progress has been made in the past 35 years? Chest 2011; 138:1464-74. [PMID: 21138882 DOI: 10.1378/chest.10-0180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 301] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Interstitial lung disease is commonly associated with the autoimmune inflammatory myopathies dermatomyositis and polymyositis and accounts for significant morbidity and mortality in these conditions. In the 35 years since the association between inflammatory myopathy and interstitial lung disease was initially described, there has been progress in diagnosing and treating this dis-order. Nevertheless, there remains much about pathogenesis and therapeutics to be learned. This review examines the changes in the understanding of this complex condition, highlighting recent advances and areas deserving of further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey R Connors
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21210, USA
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17
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Nakashima R, Mimori T. Clinical and pathophysiological significance of myositis-specific and myositis-associated autoantibodies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.2217/ijr.10.48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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18
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Madan V, Chinoy H, Griffiths CEM, Cooper RG. Defining cancer risk in dermatomyositis. Part II. Assessing diagnostic usefulness of myositis serology. Clin Exp Dermatol 2009; 34:561-5. [PMID: 19508476 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2230.2009.03227.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In part 1 of this review, we examined the evidence behind the association between idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM) and cancers. In view of the well-recognized association between cancer and myositis (hence the term cancer-associated myositis, or CAM), clinicians responsible for the management of patients with myositis must make important decisions regarding how intensively they undertake searches for malignancy. Clinicians must also decide how often such searches are repeated, and again how intensively, to optimize both cancer detection and treatment, and thus patient survival. As the risks of CAM are greatest in dermatomyositis, this is an issue of obvious importance to dermatologists. In this second of two reviews, we examine the role of autoantibodies as potential predictors of cancer risk in patients with IIM.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Madan
- Dermatology, Salford Royal Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
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19
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Ghirardello A, Zampieri S, Tarricone E, Iaccarino L, Bendo R, Briani C, Rondinone R, Sarzi-Puttini P, Todesco S, Doria A. Clinical implications of autoantibody screening in patients with autoimmune myositis. Autoimmunity 2009; 39:217-21. [PMID: 16769655 DOI: 10.1080/08916930600622645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the clinical usefulness of serum autoantibody profiling in patients with autoimmune myositis. METHODS We retrospectively studied 74 consecutive patients: 68 had definite or probable myositis according to Bohan-Peter criteria, six suffered from antisynthetase syndrome with subclinical myopathy. Myositis specific antibodies (MSA) (anti-ARS, -SRP, -Mi-2) were determined by RNA immunoprecipitation or immunoblot, myositis associated antibodies (MAA) (anti-RoRNP, -U1RNP, -PM/Scl, -Ku) by immunoblot. RESULTS Forty-three patients (58%) were positive for MSA: anti-Jo-1 in 15/27 polymyositis (PM) (55%), 4/33 dermatomyositis (DM) (12%), 1/8 overlap (12%) and 2/6 antisynthetase syndrome (33%); anti-ARS non-Jo-1 in 1/27 PM (4%), 2/33 DM (6%) and 4/6 antisynthetase syndrome (67%); anti-Mi-2 in 1/27 PM (4%) and 11/33 DM (33%); anti-SRP in 3/27 PM (11%) and 1/33 DM (3%). One patient was anti-Jo-1/Mi-2 positive, one anti-Jo-1/SRP positive. Moreover, 27 patients (36%) were positive for MAA: anti-Ro/SSA in 8/27 PM (30%), 7/33 DM (21%), 1/8 overlap (12%), and 3/6 antisynthetase syndrome (50%); anti-U1RNP in 1/27 PM (3.7%), 1/33 DM (3%), and 2/8 overlap (25%); anti-PM/Scl in 2/8 overlap (25%), anti-Ku in 2/8 overlap (25%). Anti-Jo-1 was predominantly associated with PM, anti-Mi-2 was almost exclusively found in DM patients. Anti-ARS antibodies were closely associated with interstitial lung disease and polyarthritis; notably, anti-ARS non-Jo-1 was more frequent in patients without overt muscle alterations. Anti-Ro/SSA antibody was not associated with any disease subset, but significantly more frequent in antisynthetase syndrome. CONCLUSIONS Searching for MSA and MAA in patients with autoimmmune myositis is recommended because of its diagnostic and clinical value. Anti-ARS non-Jo-1 antibodies seem to preferentially target patients with pulmonary fibrosis without overt myopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ghirardello
- University of Padova, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Italy
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20
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Abstract
In this chapter background medical information pertinent to the use of MRI and/or ultrasound in various musculoskeletal conditions is presented. Appreciation of the genetic, biochemical, histological, and immunological features of rheumatic diseases will be of benefit to the technician responsible for performing and interpreting these types of interrogations. For example, recognizing that cartilage disorder predates bone findings in osteoarthritis will help identify early versus late degenerative findings. Similarly, understanding the fibrovascular nature of rheumatoid pannus will help guide the use of more sophisticated ultrasound techniques such as power Doppler.
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Affiliation(s)
- James D Katz
- Rheumatology Division, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
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21
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Abstract
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (ARSs) are ubiquitously expressed, essential enzymes responsible for performing the first step of protein synthesis. Specifically, ARSs attach amino acids to their cognate tRNA molecules in the cytoplasm and mitochondria. Recent studies have demonstrated that mutations in genes encoding ARSs can result in neurodegeneration, raising many questions about the role of these enzymes (and protein synthesis in general) in neuronal function. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of genetic diseases that are associated with mutations in ARS-encoding genes, discuss the potential pathogenic mechanisms underlying these disorders, and point to likely areas of future research that will advance our understanding about the role of ARSs in genetic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Antonellis
- Genome Technology Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
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22
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Tournadre A, Amarger S, Joly P, d'Incan M, Ristori JM, Soubrier M. Polymyositis and pemphigus vulgaris in a patient: Successful treatment with rituximab. Joint Bone Spine 2008; 75:728-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbspin.2007.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2007] [Accepted: 10/24/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Krathen MS, Fiorentino D, Werth VP. Dermatomyositis. CURRENT DIRECTIONS IN AUTOIMMUNITY 2008; 10:313-32. [PMID: 18460893 DOI: 10.1159/000131751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Dermatomyositis (DM) is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the skin and muscles. Although thought to be autoimmune in origin, many questions remain as to the etiopathogenesis of this disease. DM has classically been considered a humorally mediated disease. Current evidence, however, seems to increasingly support alternative (though not mutually exclusive) mechanisms of pathogenesis, including cell-mediated and innate immune system dysfunction. Pathologic findings of DM in muscle include infarcts, perifascicular atrophy, endothelial cell swelling and necrosis, vessel wall membrane attack complex deposition, and myocyte-specific MHC I upregulation. As for the skin, histopathologic findings include hyperkeratosis, epidermal basal cell vacuolar degeneration and apoptosis, increased dermal mucin deposition, and a cell-poor interface dermatitis. Autoantibodies, particularly those that bind nuclear or cytoplasmic ribonucleoprotein antigens, are also commonly found in DM, although their importance in pathogenesis remains unclear. Defective cellular clearance, genetic predilection and environmental exposures, such as viral infection, may also play an important role in the pathogenesis of DM. The seminal work regarding the pathogenesis of DM is reviewed and an update on the recent basic and molecular advances in the field is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Krathen
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19119, USA
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24
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Abstract
After background information about pathologic findings, this review focuses on the cytokine response in the pathogenesis of polymyositis and dermatomyositis. Cytokines are important mediators of the immune response and play a key role in these diseases by acting on inflammatory immune cells, muscle cells, and vessel cells. Various cytokines are found in myositis samples, in particular interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha, which are associated with the migration, differentiation, and maturation of inflammatory cells. Recent advances indicate that the muscle cell itself could participate in the inflammatory process. Cytokines promote changes in muscle metabolism resulting in a self-sustaining inflammatory response. Accordingly, cytokines may represent new targets for therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Tournadre
- Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Hospital Edouard Herriot, Lyon Cedex 03, France
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25
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Chinoy H, Fertig N, Oddis CV, Ollier WER, Cooper RG. The diagnostic utility of myositis autoantibody testing for predicting the risk of cancer-associated myositis. Ann Rheum Dis 2007; 66:1345-9. [PMID: 17392346 PMCID: PMC1994304 DOI: 10.1136/ard.2006.068502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES There is a known association between myositis and cancer. The risk is greater in dermatomyositis (DM) than polymyositis (PM), although reliable methods to predict cancer risk in specific patients with myositis are not presently available. This study was undertaken to determine whether risk of developing cancer in myositis can be predicted by antibody profiling. METHODS A cross-sectional study of UK Caucasian adults with PM (n = 109), DM (n = 103) and connective tissue disease overlap (myositis/CTD-overlap, n = 70). Patients were tested for a comprehensive range of myositis-specific/associated autoantibodies. Sensitivity and specificity analyses were performed for the optimal identification of cancer risk. RESULTS Sixteen patients had cancer-associated myositis (CAM) (15 DM, 1 myositis/CTD-overlap). CAM patients were older at disease onset, and patients without myositis-specific/associated autoantibodies on "routine" laboratory testing (negative for anti-Jo-1, anti-PM-Scl, anti-U1-RNP, anti-U3-RNP, anti-Ku antibodies) had a significantly increased risk of CAM. Possession of the antibody against 155 kDa and 140 kDa protein specificities (anti-155/140 antibody) represented a significant risk factor for CAM, and was found exclusively in DM. A positive anti-155/140 antibody result proved highly specific, moderately sensitive, with high negative predictive value for CAM. A "negative routine myositis antibody panel" result was highly sensitive, with high negative predictive value for CAM. The combination of these two approaches was 94% sensitive, detecting 15 of 16 CAM, with 100% sensitivity and negative predictive value in DM. CONCLUSIONS These results may help clinicians predict which patients with myositis are at greater risk of developing cancer, thus identifying those requiring aggressive diagnostic evaluation and intensive cancer surveillance at myositis onset and follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hector Chinoy
- Rheumatic Diseases Centre, Hope Hospital, The University of Manchester, Salford, UK
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26
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Xie W, Schimmel P, Yang XL. Crystallization and preliminary X-ray analysis of a native human tRNA synthetase whose allelic variants are associated with Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease. Acta Crystallogr Sect F Struct Biol Cryst Commun 2006; 62:1243-6. [PMID: 17142907 PMCID: PMC2225372 DOI: 10.1107/s1744309106046434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2006] [Accepted: 11/03/2006] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Glycyl-tRNA synthetase (GlyRS) is one of a group of enzymes that catalyze the synthesis of aminoacyl-tRNAs for translation. Mutations of human and mouse GlyRSs are causally associated with Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, the most common genetic disorder of the peripheral nervous system. As the first step towards a structure-function analysis of this disease, native human GlyRS was expressed, purified and crystallized. The crystal belonged to space group P4(3)2(1)2 or its enantiomorphic space group P4(1)2(1)2, with unit-cell parameters a = b = 91.74, c = 247.18 A, and diffracted X-rays to 3.0 A resolution. The asymmetric unit contained one GlyRS molecule and had a solvent content of 69%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xie
- Departments of Molecular Biology and Chemistry, The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, BCC-379, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Paul Schimmel
- Departments of Molecular Biology and Chemistry, The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, BCC-379, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Xiang-Lei Yang
- Departments of Molecular Biology and Chemistry, The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, BCC-379, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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27
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Selva-O'Callaghan A, Labrador-Horrillo M, Solans-Laque R, Simeon-Aznar CP, Martínez-Gómez X, Vilardell-Tarrés M. Myositis-specific and myositis-associated antibodies in a series of eighty-eight Mediterranean patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 55:791-8. [PMID: 17013837 DOI: 10.1002/art.22237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence of myositis-specific autoantibodies (MSAs) and myositis-associated autoantibodies (MAAs) and their clinical and immunogenetic correlations in Mediterranean patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathies. METHODS Sera from 88 patients were studied for MSAs and MAAs by RNA and protein immunoprecipitation. HLA typing was performed by sequence-specific primer- and sequence-specific oligonucleotide-polymerase chain reaction and serology. Statistical analyses were performed with Student's t-test and Fisher's exact test. Cumulative survival probabilities were estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox regression analysis. RESULTS Twenty-eight patients (30%) had MSAs, most commonly antisynthetase antibodies (23.9%). Six patients (7.5%) had anti-Mi-2 antibodies. No anti-signal recognition particles were found. Arthritis, mechanic's hands, interstitial lung disease, and sicca syndrome were more prevalent in patients with antisynthetase antibodies. Dysphagia and the need for more treatment courses were more frequent in patients who were anti-Mi-2 positive. Forty-three patients (48%) had MAAs, 20 (22%) with anti-Ro 60 and 18 (20.4%) with anti-Ro 52. Ten patients (11.4%) were positive for anti-PM-Scl, 6 (6.8%) for anti-RNP, and 1 for anti-Ku antibodies. Patients with PM-Scl, RNP, or Ro antibodies were more often classified as having overlap syndrome. Immunogenetic studies found a significant association between HLA-DR3 and the presence of antisynthetase antibodies (P = 0.049), anti-PM-Scl antibodies (P = 0.017), and interstitial lung disease (P = 0.03). No statistically significant differences in mortality, survival, or clinical course were observed between patients positive for MSAs or MAAs and the remaining patients. CONCLUSION These results are consistent with those from other published series, although some differences warrant consideration. Autoantibody studies may be useful for defining more homogeneous groups of patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathies.
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Duan-Porter WD, Casciola-Rosen L, Rosen A. Autoantigens: the critical partner in initiating and propagating systemic autoimmunity. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2006; 1062:127-36. [PMID: 16461795 DOI: 10.1196/annals.1358.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The increasing recognition that cancer is frequently associated with an autoantibody response, and observations that systemic autoimmunity is sometimes associated with the diagnosis of a variety of malignancies (many detected near the onset of autoimmune disease), strongly underscore a potential mechanistic connection between cancer immunity and systemic autoimmunity. Accumulating data suggest that autoantigens are critical partners in driving the autoimmune response. Furthermore, unique changes in antigen expression and conformation in the immunizing tumor and the target tissue may play a role in antigen selection and ongoing damage. This construct has important implications for diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment of autoimmunity and, potentially, cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei D Duan-Porter
- Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins University, Mason F. Lord Building, Central Tower, Suite 4100, Room 411, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Sato S. Autoantibodies specifically detected in patients with polymyositis/dermatomyositis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 29:85-93. [PMID: 16651706 DOI: 10.2177/jsci.29.85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Polymyositis/Dermatomyositis (PM/DM) is a chronic inflammatory disorder that culminates in injury to the skin and muscle and, sometimes, is accompanied by interstitial lung disease (ILD). A number of autoantibodies are associated with myositis, including those specific for aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase (anti-ARS), signal recognition particle (anti-SRP), and Mi-2. These autoantibodies have proven to be useful in the diagnosis and classification of the diseases and are predictive of prognosis. It has been known that certain patients may have typical DM skin manifestations without clinical evidence of myositis for at least 2 years (Clinically Amyopathic DM; C-ADM). Although classical myositis-related antibodies are well known, specificities related to C-ADM have not been examined in detail. Therefore, we have examined sera from 15 Japanese patients with C-ADM to identify additional autoantibodies associated with this disease. Eight sera of C-ADM patient recognized a polypeptide of approximately 140 kDa and we named this new antibody specificity anti-CADM-140. Anti-CADM-140 antibodies were detected in 8 of 42 patients with DM, but not in patients with other connective tissue diseases or idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. It is noteworthy that DM patients with anti-CADM-140 had significantly more rapidly progressive ILD when compared to patients without anti-CADM-140 (50% vs 6%, P=0.008). Further studies of the pathogenicity of these autoantibodies specificity may provide insight into the pathogenic mechanisms of PM/DM accompanied by rapidly progressive ILD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Sato
- Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine
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30
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Papo T. [Interstitial lung disease: auto-antibodies in routine practice]. REVUE DE PNEUMOLOGIE CLINIQUE 2005; 61:171-8. [PMID: 16142190 DOI: 10.1016/s0761-8417(05)84809-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The clinical, computed tomography, cytological, and histological aspects of interstitial lung disease complicating an autoimmune disease lack specificity. Search for autoantibodies in the serum is thus warranted once the essentially clinical diagnosis has been established. An exhaustive history taking should aim at identifying extrathoracic elements of a possible systemic autoimmune disease. The battery of the biological tests which can be useful are discussed here in light of the diagnostic, prognostic, therapeutic, and even conceptual aspects of the disease. For the clinician, a simplified analysis of the main methods and the interpretation of immunological tests is discussed together with new tools currently under development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Papo
- Service de Médecine Interne, Hôpital Bichat, 46, rue Henri-Huchard, 75877 Paris Cedex 18.
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31
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Casciola-Rosen L, Nagaraju K, Plotz P, Wang K, Levine S, Gabrielson E, Corse A, Rosen A. Enhanced autoantigen expression in regenerating muscle cells in idiopathic inflammatory myopathy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 201:591-601. [PMID: 15728237 PMCID: PMC2213068 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20041367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 267] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Unique autoantibody specificities are strongly associated with distinct clinical phenotypes, making autoantibodies useful for diagnosis and prognosis. To investigate the mechanisms underlying this striking association, we examined autoantigen expression in normal muscle and in muscle from patients with autoimmune myositis. Although myositis autoantigens are expressed at very low levels in control muscle, they are found at high levels in myositis muscle. Furthermore, increased autoantigen expression correlates with differentiation state, such that myositis autoantigen expression is increased in cells that have features of regenerating muscle cells. Consistent with this, we found that cultured myoblasts express high levels of autoantigens, which are strikingly down-regulated as cells differentiate into myotubes in vitro. These data strongly implicate regenerating muscle cells rather than mature myotubes as the source of ongoing antigen supply in autoimmune myositis. Myositis autoantigen expression is also markedly increased in several cancers known to be associated with autoimmune myositis, but not in their related normal tissues, demonstrating that tumor cells and undifferentiated myoblasts are antigenically similar. We propose that in cancer-associated myositis, an autoimmune response directed against cancer cross-reacts with regenerating muscle cells, enabling a feed-forward loop of tissue damage and antigen selection. Regulating pathways of antigen expression may provide unrecognized therapeutic opportunities in autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia Casciola-Rosen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
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32
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Sarkar K, Miller FW. Autoantibodies as predictive and diagnostic markers of idiopathic inflammatory myopathies. Autoimmunity 2005; 37:291-4. [PMID: 15518044 DOI: 10.1080/08916930410001710839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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