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Xing C, Trivedi J, Bitencourt N, Burns DK, Reisch JS, Cai C. Myxovirus resistance protein A (MxA) expression in myositides: Sarcoplasmic expression is common in both dermatomyositis and lupus myositis. Muscle Nerve 2024; 69:548-555. [PMID: 38372203 DOI: 10.1002/mus.28066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION/AIMS Myxovirus resistance protein A (MxA) is a type I interferon (IFN1) pathway activation marker and MxA sarcoplasmic expression is currently recognized as a highly specific marker for dermatomyositis (DM). However, we have frequently observed endothelial tubuloreticular inclusions (TRI), another surrogate IFN1 activation marker, in a variety of overlap myositides. The aim of this study was to examine MxA expression in those myositides. METHODS We retrospectively performed MxA immunostaining on a wide range of myositides. RESULTS MxA sarcoplasmic expression was present in DM (94.4%, 17/18), active lupus myositis (LM, 80%,16/20), inactive LM (36%, 4/11), antisynthetase syndrome (ASyS, 20%, 2/10), systemic sclerosis (13%, 2/15), Sjogren's syndrome (7.7%, 1/13), and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) myositis (5.6%, 1/18) and was absent in immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy (IMNM, 0/16) and hydroxychloroquine myopathy (0/5). The sensitivity and specificity of MxA sarcoplasmic expression for LM and DM combined compared with all other myositides were 84.6% (95% CI: 69.5-94.1) and 92.1 (95% CI: 83.6-97.0), respectively, and superior to TRIs. MxA capillary expression was nonspecific. Histologically, 35% of LM cases demonstrated a unique panfascicular necrotizing myopathy pattern. The remainder of the LM cases had significant morphological overlap with DM/ASyS (20%), IMNM (20%), or polymyositis (15%). DISCUSSION MxA sarcoplasmic expression is highly prevalent in LM and DM and is a useful marker in differentiating DM and LM from other myositides. LM can manifest in various pathology patterns that need to be differentiated from DM, IMNM, ASyS, and polymyositis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changhong Xing
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Jaya Trivedi
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Nicole Bitencourt
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Dennis K Burns
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Joan S Reisch
- Peter O'Donnell Jr. School of Public Health, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Chunyu Cai
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
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Tan JY, Tan CY, Yahya MA, Shahrizaila N, Goh KJ. Evaluating disease status in idiopathic inflammatory myopathies with quantitative muscle ultrasound. Muscle Nerve 2024; 69:597-603. [PMID: 38488306 DOI: 10.1002/mus.28081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION/AIMS Muscle strength, functional status, and muscle enzymes are conventionally used to evaluate disease status in idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM). This study aims to investigate the role of quantitative muscle ultrasound in evaluating disease status in IIM patients. METHODS Patients with IIM, excluding inclusion body myositis, were recruited along with age- and sex-matched healthy controls (HC). All participants underwent muscle ultrasound and clinical assessments. Six limb muscles were unilaterally scanned using a standardized protocol, measuring muscle thickness (MT) and echo intensity (EI). Results were compared with HC, and correlations were made with outcome measures. RESULTS Twenty IIM patients and 24 HC were recruited. The subtypes of IIM were dermatomyositis (6), necrotizing myositis (6), polymyositis (3), antisynthetase syndrome (3), and nonspecific myositis (2). Mean disease duration was 8.7 ± 6.9 years. There were no significant differences in demographics and anthropometrics between patients and controls. MT of rectus femoris in IIM patients was significantly lower than HC. Muscle EI of biceps brachii and vastus medialis in IIM patients were higher than HC. There were moderate correlations between MT of rectus femoris and modified Rankin Scale, Physician Global Activity Assessment, and Health Assessment Questionnaire, as well as between EI of biceps brachii and Manual Muscle Testing-8. DISCUSSION Muscle ultrasound can detect proximal muscle atrophy and hyperechogenicity in patients with IIM. The findings correlate with clinical outcome measures, making it a potential tool for evaluating disease activity of patients with IIM in the late phase of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Ying Tan
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Cheng Yin Tan
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Azly Yahya
- Neurophysiology Laboratory, University of Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nortina Shahrizaila
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Khean Jin Goh
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Zhang F, Xu J, Wang XX, Cheng YQ, Chen W. [Magnetic resonance imaging T 2 mapping could reflect disease status in patients with dermatomyositis or polymyositis]. Zhonghua Nei Ke Za Zhi 2024; 63:401-405. [PMID: 38561286 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112138-20231014-00211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the value of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) T2 mapping in the assessment of dermatomyositis (DM) and polymyositis (PM). Thirty-three confirmed cases (myosin group) and eight healthy volunteers (healthy control group) at the Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, from October 2016 to December 2017, were collected and analyzed. Multiple parameters of the myosin group were quantified, including creatine kinase (CK), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP), complement C3, and complement C4. Disease status was evaluated using a panel of tools: myositis disease activity assessment tool-muscle (MDAAT-muscle), myositis disease activity assessment tool-whole (MDAAT-all), health assessment questionnaire (HAQ), medical outcomes study health survey short form-36 item (SF-36), hand muscle strength test (MMT-8) score, and MRI T2 mapping of muscle (22 muscles in the pelvis and thighs) T2 values. The results showed that in the myositis group, the measurements for CK, ESR, CRP, complement C3, and complement C4 were 457.2 (165.6, 1 229.2) IU/L, 20 (10, 42) mm/1h, 3.25 (2.38, 10.07) mg/L, 0.90 (0.83, 1.06) g/L, and 0.18 (0.14, 0.23) g/L, respectively. The scores for MMT-8, MDAAT-muscle, MDAAT-all, HAQ, and SF-36 were 57.12±16.23, 5.34 (4.00, 6.00), 34.63±12.62, 1.55 (0.66, 2.59), and 44.66±7.98, respectively. T2 values were significantly higher in all 22 muscles of the pelvis and thighs of patients with DM or PM compared with the healthy controls [(54.99±11.60)ms vs. (36.62±1.66)ms, P<0.001], with the most severe lesions in the satrorius, iliopsoas, piriformis, gluteus minimus, and gluteus medius muscles. The total muscle T2 value in the myositis group was positively correlated with CK, MDAAT-muscle, MDAAT-all, and HAQ (r=0.461, 0.506, 0.347, and 0.510, respectively, all P<0.05). There was a negative correlation between complement C4, SF-36, and MMT-8 scores (r=-0.424, -0.549, and -0.686, respectively, all P<0.05). Collectively, the findings from this study suggest that MRI T2 mapping can objectively reflect the disease status of DM and PM.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650032, China
| | - J Xu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650032, China
| | - X X Wang
- Yunnan Provincial Clinical Medicine Research Center of Rheumatism in Traditional Chinese Medicine,Yunnan Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Kunming 650021, China
| | - Y Q Cheng
- Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650032, China
| | - W Chen
- Department of Medical Imaging, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650032, China
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Noguchi K, Furukawa T, Tatsumi Y, Kasama S, Yoshikawa T, Hashimoto T, Azuma N, Hirota S, Kimura T, Matsui K. Involvement of YKL-40-positive macrophages commonly identified in polymyositis and dermatomyositis in the pathogenesis of myositis: a retrospective study. Immunol Med 2024; 47:37-44. [PMID: 37817562 DOI: 10.1080/25785826.2023.2264007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
YKL-40 is implicated in inflammation and tissue repair, but no reports have investigated its involvement in myositis in polymyositis (PM) and dermatomyositis (DM). Therefore, we aimed to investigate the relationship between YKL-40 and PM/DM. We retrospectively enrolled 35 patients diagnosed with PM/DM along with 26 healthy controls (HCs). Both PM and DM were diagnosed according to Bohan and Peter's criteria. Serum YKL-40 levels were measured, age-corrected to YKL-40 percentile values, and compared to HCs. Patients with myositis without interstitial lung disease were also enrolled and compared to HCs. Immunofluorescence staining was performed to identify YKL-40-positive inflammatory cells in muscle biopsy samples from two patients each with PM and DM. Age-corrected serum YKL-40 levels were significantly higher in patients with PM/DM compared to HCs with and without lung disease; however, these levels decreased significantly after treatment. Immunohistochemical analysis showed infiltration of YKL-40-positive inflammatory cells into the intramuscular sheath and perimuscular membrane. Immunofluorescence staining showed CD68 expression in YKL-40-positive inflammatory cells, suggesting that these cells were macrophages. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate that YKL-40-positive macrophages are present in PM and DM, indicating that YKL-40 may be involved in PM/DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuteru Noguchi
- Department of Diabetes Endocrinology and Clinical Immunology, School of Medicine, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Furukawa
- Department of Diabetes Endocrinology and Clinical Immunology, School of Medicine, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Tatsumi
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Shuhei Kasama
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Takahiro Yoshikawa
- Department of Diabetes Endocrinology and Clinical Immunology, School of Medicine, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Teppei Hashimoto
- Department of Diabetes Endocrinology and Clinical Immunology, School of Medicine, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Naoto Azuma
- Department of Diabetes Endocrinology and Clinical Immunology, School of Medicine, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Seiichi Hirota
- Department of Surgical Pathology, School of Medicine, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Takashi Kimura
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Matsui
- Department of Diabetes Endocrinology and Clinical Immunology, School of Medicine, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya, Japan
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Camelo-Filho AE, Martins MRA, Souza JLDBD, Maurício RB, Nóbrega PR. Pompe disease misdiagnosed as polymyositis. Pract Neurol 2024; 24:66-69. [PMID: 37852755 DOI: 10.1136/pn-2023-003935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Late-onset Pompe disease manifests predominantly in the proximal lower limbs and may be mistaken for an inflammatory myopathy. A 46-year-old man with acromegaly had an 8-year history of progressive weakness. His myopathy was initially attributed to the acromegaly, but severe progression prompted a muscle biopsy, which suggested an inflammatory myopathy. However, his weakness progressed despite treatment for polymyositis. His muscle ultrasound scan pattern was more suggestive of Pompe disease than polymyositis, and Pompe disease was confirmed by genetic and enzymatic testing. Patients with apparent polymyositis, which persists despite treatment, require reconsideration of the diagnosis, with particular attention to treatable genetic causes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Edvan Camelo-Filho
- Department of Neurology, Universidade Federal do Ceará Hospital Universitário Walter Cantídio, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Manoel Ricardo Alves Martins
- Department of Endocrinology, Universidade Federal do Ceará Hospital Universitário Walter Cantídio, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | | | | | - Paulo Ribeiro Nóbrega
- Department of Neurology, Universidade Federal do Ceará Hospital Universitário Walter Cantídio, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
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Lauletta A, De Carolis L, Teresi V, Fionda L, Leonardi L, Ceccanti M, Costanzo R, Rossini E, Tufano L, Merlonghi G, Morino S, Garibaldi M. Prominent mitochondrial pathology in a case of refractory dermatomyositis: coincidence or concause? Neurol Sci 2023; 44:4525-4529. [PMID: 37624542 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-023-07035-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mitochondrial alterations are a common finding in muscle biopsy of sporadic inclusion body myositis (s-IBM) and polymyositis with mitochondrial pathology (PM-Mito). Both disorders generally have poor treatment response. Nevertheless, mitochondrial myopathology has been rarely reported in dermatomyositis (DM) outside areas of perifascicular atrophy and a relationship with therapeutic outcome is not established. METHODS We report on clinical, immunological, radiological, and myopathological findings of a case of severe, treatment-refractory anti-Mi-2-positive DM. RESULTS A 77-year-old woman developed anti-Mi-2 DM with severe diffuse muscle weakness associated with abundant mitochondrial abnormalities at muscle biopsy, beside the typical features of inflammatory myopathy. The patient was poorly responsive to multiple-line therapies and finally anti-JAK (anti-Janus activated kinase) was administered, leading to partial clinical improvement. DISCUSSION Given the usual satisfactory treatment response and favorable outcome of anti-Mi-2 DM, we suppose that mitochondrial dysfunction on muscle biopsy could represent a marker of disease severity in DM, predicting a worse response to treatment and a poor clinical outcome. JAK-inhibitors could represent a good treatment option in refractory anti-Mi-2 DM with mitochondrial abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Lauletta
- Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Neuromuscular and Rare Disease Centre, Sant'Andrea Hospital, SAPIENZA University of Rome, Via Di Grottarossa 1035-1039, 00189, Rome, Italy.
| | - Lanfranco De Carolis
- Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Neuromuscular and Rare Disease Centre, Sant'Andrea Hospital, SAPIENZA University of Rome, Via Di Grottarossa 1035-1039, 00189, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Teresi
- Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Neuromuscular and Rare Disease Centre, Sant'Andrea Hospital, SAPIENZA University of Rome, Via Di Grottarossa 1035-1039, 00189, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Fionda
- Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Neuromuscular and Rare Disease Centre, Sant'Andrea Hospital, SAPIENZA University of Rome, Via Di Grottarossa 1035-1039, 00189, Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Leonardi
- Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Neuromuscular and Rare Disease Centre, Sant'Andrea Hospital, SAPIENZA University of Rome, Via Di Grottarossa 1035-1039, 00189, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Ceccanti
- Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Rocco Costanzo
- Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Neuromuscular and Rare Disease Centre, Sant'Andrea Hospital, SAPIENZA University of Rome, Via Di Grottarossa 1035-1039, 00189, Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Rossini
- Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Neuromuscular and Rare Disease Centre, Sant'Andrea Hospital, SAPIENZA University of Rome, Via Di Grottarossa 1035-1039, 00189, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Tufano
- Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Neuromuscular and Rare Disease Centre, Sant'Andrea Hospital, SAPIENZA University of Rome, Via Di Grottarossa 1035-1039, 00189, Rome, Italy
| | - Gioia Merlonghi
- Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Neuromuscular and Rare Disease Centre, Sant'Andrea Hospital, SAPIENZA University of Rome, Via Di Grottarossa 1035-1039, 00189, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania Morino
- Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Neuromuscular and Rare Disease Centre, Sant'Andrea Hospital, SAPIENZA University of Rome, Via Di Grottarossa 1035-1039, 00189, Rome, Italy
| | - Matteo Garibaldi
- Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Neuromuscular and Rare Disease Centre, Sant'Andrea Hospital, SAPIENZA University of Rome, Via Di Grottarossa 1035-1039, 00189, Rome, Italy
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Jiang R, Roy B, Wu Q, Mohanty S, Nowak RJ, Shaw AC, Kleinstein SH, O’Connor KC. The Plasma Cell Infiltrate Populating the Muscle Tissue of Patients with Inclusion Body Myositis Features Distinct B Cell Receptor Repertoire Properties. Immunohorizons 2023; 7:310-322. [PMID: 37171806 PMCID: PMC10579972 DOI: 10.4049/immunohorizons.2200078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Inclusion body myositis (IBM) is an autoimmune and degenerative disorder of skeletal muscle. The B cell infiltrates in IBM muscle tissue are predominantly fully differentiated Ab-secreting plasma cells, with scarce naive or memory B cells. The role of this infiltrate in the disease pathology is not well understood. To better define the humoral response in IBM, we used adaptive immune receptor repertoire sequencing, of human-derived specimens, to generate large BCR repertoire libraries from IBM muscle biopsies and compared them to those generated from dermatomyositis, polymyositis, and circulating CD27+ memory B cells, derived from healthy controls and Ab-secreting cells collected following vaccination. The repertoire properties of the IBM infiltrate included the following: clones that equaled or exceeded the highly clonal vaccine-associated Ab-secreting cell repertoire in size; reduced somatic mutation selection pressure in the CDRs and framework regions; and usage of class-switched IgG and IgA isotypes, with a minor population of IgM-expressing cells. The IBM IgM-expressing population revealed unique features, including an elevated somatic mutation frequency and distinct CDR3 physicochemical properties. These findings demonstrate that some of IBM muscle BCR repertoire characteristics are distinct from dermatomyositis and polymyositis and circulating Ag-experienced subsets, suggesting that it may form through selection by disease-specific Ags.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roy Jiang
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Bhaskar Roy
- Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Qian Wu
- Department of Pathology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT
| | - Subhasis Mohanty
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | | | - Albert C. Shaw
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Steven H. Kleinstein
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
- Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, CT
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Kevin C. O’Connor
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
- Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
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Swain M, Uppin M. Evolving classification and role of muscle biopsy in diagnosis of inflammatory myopathies. INDIAN J PATHOL MICR 2022; 65:S241-S251. [PMID: 35562156 DOI: 10.4103/ijpm.ijpm_1033_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic inflammatory myopathy (IIM) is a broad term that includes dermatomyositis, polymyositis, overlap myositis, sporadic inclusion body myositis, and immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy. The understanding of the pathogenesis of IIM is ever-evolving with regular updates in the classification schema. With the recognition of autoantibodies and their detection, the diagnostic algorithms are changing in favor of non-invasive diagnoses. However, muscle biopsy has immensely contributed to our understanding of the pathogenesis of inflammatory myopathies, and the pathologic features of different subtypes are well established. The biopsy also aids in distinguishing myopathies with overlapping clinical features, particularly dystrophies, which can show inflammation on biopsy in some cases. In this article, the various classification schemes of the IIM are reviewed. Also, the pathogenesis and pathology of each type of IIM have been highlighted. This article emphasizes the role of muscle biopsy in the diagnosis of inflammatory myopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meenakshi Swain
- Department of Pathology, Apollo Hospitals, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Megha Uppin
- Department of Pathology, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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Abstract
Inflammatory myopathies, including polymyositis (PM), dermatomyositis (DM), inclusion body myositis (IBM), necrotizing myopathy (NM), antisynthetase syndrome (ASS) and overlap myositis (OM), in short myositis, are rare diseases. All forms of myositis have progressive muscle weakness in common, with each subtype characterized by different autoantibody profiles, histological findings and extramuscular manifestations. Due to better understanding of the pathogenesis of the muscle inflammation in myositis, new molecular pathways for targeted therapy have been discovered. Current therapies aim at different components of the innate or the adaptive immune response. Additionally, non-inflammatory mechanisms in myositis have come into focus as possible treatment targets. The use of therapeutical antibodies in myositis has been examined in various clinical studies, several of them randomized controlled ones: Depletion of B-cells by rituximab has been established as treatment of refractory myositis. IVIG, an antibody therapy in the wider sense, has now been licensed for DM following a recent positive clinical trial. Negative study results were reported in randomized trials with infliximab, sifalimumab and bimagrumab. Studies on basiliximab and eculizumab are currently underway, and are expected to yield results in a couple of years. Despite some promising results of clinical studies with antibody therapy in myositis, further research is crucial to optimize the treatment for this debilitating disease and to find treatment alternatives for treatment-refractory patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Zeng
- Muscle Immunobiology Group, Neuromuscular Center, Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Stefanie Glaubitz
- Muscle Immunobiology Group, Neuromuscular Center, Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jens Schmidt
- Muscle Immunobiology Group, Neuromuscular Center, Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
- Department of Neurology and Pain Treatment, Immanuel Klinik Rüdersdorf, University Hospital of the Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Rüdersdorf bei Berlin, Germany.
- Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Rüdersdorf bei Berlin, Germany.
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Loarce-Martos J, Lilleker JB, Parker M, McHugh N, Chinoy H. Polymyositis: is there anything left? A retrospective diagnostic review from a tertiary myositis centre. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2021; 60:3398-3403. [PMID: 33367878 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keaa801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The current classification criteria for idiopathic inflammatory myopathy (IIM) retain PM as a major disease subgroup. However, evolution in the understanding of IIM has suggested that many of these patients could be better described as having an alternative diagnosis. In the present study, we apply the latest understanding of IIM subtyping to retrospectively review PM diagnoses in a large cohort of IIM patients. METHODS Within a previously reported cohort of 255 patients from a UK tertiary myositis clinic, 37 patients classified as PM according to both the EULAR/ACR IIM criteria and expert opinion were identified. Clinical data and complementary tests were reviewed, and consensus decisions regarding final classification were reached in each case. RESULTS Nine (9/37, 24.3%) patients remained classified as PM, 3.5% (9/255) of the original cohort; these PM patients were seronegative for myositis antibodies, responsive to immunosuppression, and in 4/7 (57.1%) patients where muscle biopsy was performed had HLA-1 upregulation and endomysial inflammatory infiltrates. Immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy (5/37, 13.5%) and connective tissue disease overlap myositis (7/37, 19%) were the main alternative diagnoses. The remaining patients were diagnosed as: unspecified myopathy (6/37, 16%), dermatomyositis (2/37, 5%), cancer-associated myopathy (3/37, 8.1%), and non-inflammatory myopathy (1/37, 3%, myofibrillar myopathy). Four patients (4/37, 10%) had insufficient data available to confidently reclassify. CONCLUSION Our study confirms that PM can now be considered a rare IIM subgroup. A thorough examination, complete myositis autoantibody panel, and careful interpretation of the biopsy results is recommended to confirm the correct IIM sub-type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesus Loarce-Martos
- Rheumatology Department, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
| | - James B Lilleker
- Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Manchester Centre for Clinical Neuroscience, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford, UK
| | - Matthew Parker
- Department of Rheumatology, RPA Institute of Rheumatology and Orthopaedics, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Neil McHugh
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath, UK
- Royal National Hospital for Rheumatic Disease, Bath, UK
| | - Hector Chinoy
- National Institute for Health Research Manchester Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Department of Rheumatology, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford, UK
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Danielsson O, Häggqvist B, Gröntoft L, Öllinger K, Ernerudh J. Apoptosis in idiopathic inflammatory myopathies with partial invasion; a role for CD8+ cytotoxic T cells? PLoS One 2020; 15:e0239176. [PMID: 32936839 PMCID: PMC7494097 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymyositis and inclusion body myositis are idiopathic inflammatory myopathies, with a pathology characterized by partial invasion of non-necrotic muscle fibres by CD8+ cytotoxic T-cells, leading to fibre degeneration. Although the main effector pathway of CD8+ T-cells is to induce apoptosis of target cells, it has remained unclear if apoptosis occurs in these diseases, and if so, if it is mediated by CD8+ T-cells. In consecutive biopsy sections from 10 patients with partial invasion, muscle fibres and inflammatory cells were assessed by immunohistochemistry and apoptotic nuclei by the TUNEL assay. Analysis of muscle fibre morphology, staining pattern and quantification were performed on digital images, and they were compared with biopsies from 10 dermatomyositis patients and 10 controls without muscle disease. Apoptotic myonuclei were found in muscle with partial invasion, but not in the invaded fibres. Fibres with TUNEL positive nuclei were surrounded by CD8+ T-cells, granzyme B+ cells and macrophages, but lacked FAS receptor expression. In contrast, apoptotic myonuclei were rare in dermatomyositis and absent in controls. The findings confirm that apoptosis occurs in idiopathic inflammatory myopathies and support that it is mediated by CD8+ cytotoxic T- cells, acting in parallel to the process of partial invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olof Danielsson
- Division of Neurology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- * E-mail:
| | - Bo Häggqvist
- Division of Neurology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Liv Gröntoft
- Division of Neurology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Karin Öllinger
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Jan Ernerudh
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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12
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Chai KX, Chen YQ, Kong LS, Fan PL, Yuan X, Yang J. A Study Based on the Correlation Between Slit2/Robo1 Signaling Pathway Proteins and Polymyositis/Dermatomyositis. Curr Mol Med 2020; 20:717-722. [PMID: 32213157 DOI: 10.2174/1566524020666200326102837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate the role of Slit2 and Robo1 during the vascular disease of Polymyositis (PM) / dermatomyositis (DM). BACKGROUND PM and DM are nonsuppurative inflammatory myopathies that mainly invade the skeletal muscles. OBJECTIVE This study attempted to explore the specific mechanism of Slit2/Robo1 signaling pathway proteins during the vascular disease of PM/DM. METHODS The mRNA expressions of Slit2 and Robo1 in the muscle tissue were detected by RT-qPCR between newly-diagnosed PM/DM patients and healthy controls. The number of Slit2 and Robo1 positive cells in the serial sections of muscle paraffin tissues was measured by immunohistochemistry in 10 patients with PM, 10 patients with DM and 20 healthy controls. RESULTS The study results revealed that the mRNA expressions of Slit2 and Robo1 in muscle tissue in the PM and DM groups were higher than that in the control group (P<0.05). The positive expression rates of Slit2 and Robo1 in muscle tissue in the PM and DM groups were 80.0%, 80.0%, 70.0% and 70.0%, respectively. The difference was statistically significant (P<0.001), when compared to the control group (the positive expression rates were 0% and 10%, respectively). CONCLUSION The activation of the Slit2/Robo1 signaling pathway is an important mechanism leading to the development of PM/DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke-Xia Chai
- Department of Rheumatism and Immunology, Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining 810001, China
| | - Yu-Qi Chen
- Department of Rheumatism and Immunology, The People's Hospital of SND, Suzhou 215219, China
| | - Ling-Shuang Kong
- Department of Rheumatism and Immunology, The Second Hospital of Hebei University, Shijiazhuang 050000, China
| | - Pei-Lin Fan
- Department of Medical Imaging Technology, West China School of Medicine and West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xia Yuan
- Department of Rheumatism and Immunology, Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining 810001, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Rheumatism and Immunology, Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining 810001, China
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Abstract
A 69-year-old Japanese woman presented with mild muscle weakness of the neck and symmetrical proximal parts of the upper and lower limbs. Laboratory tests, needle electromyography, and a muscle biopsy revealed inflammatory myopathy with an apparent clinical classification of polymyositis and positive findings for anti-PM/Scl-75 antibody. This antibody is rare among Japanese populations, and most Japanese patients with the antibody are not classified with the inflammatory myopathy seen in polymyositis. The muscle biopsy also showed marked necrotic and regenerative fibers. We need to collectively investigate patients with the potential to develop this disease, and to identify any unique characteristics for Asian populations, including Japanese.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Nakamura
- Department of Neurology, Sapporo Kosei General Hospital, Japan
| | - Rei Miyanaga
- Department of Neurology, Sapporo Kosei General Hospital, Japan
| | | | - Shun Shimohama
- Department of Neurology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Japan
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14
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Temmoku J, Sato S, Fujita Y, Asano T, Suzuki E, Kanno T, Furuya MY, Matsuoka N, Kobayashi H, Watanabe H, Koga T, Shimizu T, Kawakami A, Migita K. Clinical significance of myositis-specific autoantibody profiles in Japanese patients with polymyositis/dermatomyositis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e15578. [PMID: 31096460 PMCID: PMC6531063 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000015578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Myositis-specific autoantibodies, such as anti-melanoma differentiation associated gene 5 (MDA5) and anti-anti-amino acyl-tRNA synthetases (ARS) antibodies, are associated with interstitial lung diseases (ILD), which determine the prognosis of polymyositis/dermatomyositis (PM/DM) patients. However, there is a paucity of data on the clinical correlation between anti-Sjögren syndrome-related antigen A (anti-SSA)/Ro52 antibodies in PM/DM. We investigated the prevalence of myositis-specific autoantibodies including anti-SSA/Ro52 antibody and assessed the clinical significance of these antibodies in patients with PM/DM.We retrospectively reviewed demographic data and clinical outcomes in patients with PM/DM. The study population comprised 24 patients with PM and 60 patients with DM. The presence of anti-myositis-specific antibodies (MDA5, ARS, Jo-1, SSA/Ro52) was determined by immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Anti-MDA5 antibody was detected in 18 patients with DM (n = 60). Anti-ARS/anti-SSA/Ro52 antibodies were detected in 31 and 39 patients with PM/DM (n = 84). Rapidly progressive ILD patients were mainly found in the anti-MDA5 antibody-positive DM group. During the follow-up period, 9 patients died. Kaplan-Meier analysis demonstrated that survival rates seem to be lower in DM patients with anti-MDA5 antibodies compared with those without anti-MDA5 antibodies. Furthermore, dual positivity for anti-SSA/Ro52 and anti-MDA5 antibodies was significantly higher in nonsurviving DM patients compared with survivors.Although the presence of anti-ARS or anti-MDA5 antibodies is a prognostic marker in patients with PM/DM, combined presence of anti-SSA/Ro52 and anti-MDA5 antibodies represent another marker for clinical outcome in DM patients. Our results suggest that anti-SSA/Ro52 antibody positivity in DM patients with anti-MDA5 antibody reveals a subgroup of DM patients with poor prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jumpei Temmoku
- Department of Rheumatology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Hikarigaoka, Fukushima
| | - Shuzo Sato
- Department of Rheumatology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Hikarigaoka, Fukushima
| | - Yuya Fujita
- Department of Rheumatology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Hikarigaoka, Fukushima
| | - Tomoyuki Asano
- Department of Rheumatology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Hikarigaoka, Fukushima
| | - Eiji Suzuki
- Department of Rheumatology, Ohta Nishinouchi General Hospital Foundation, Nishinouchi, Koriyama, Fukushima
| | - Takashi Kanno
- Department of Rheumatology, Ohta Nishinouchi General Hospital Foundation, Nishinouchi, Koriyama, Fukushima
| | - Makiko Yashiro Furuya
- Department of Rheumatology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Hikarigaoka, Fukushima
| | - Naoki Matsuoka
- Department of Rheumatology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Hikarigaoka, Fukushima
| | - Hiroko Kobayashi
- Department of Rheumatology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Hikarigaoka, Fukushima
| | - Hiroshi Watanabe
- Department of Rheumatology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Hikarigaoka, Fukushima
| | - Tomohiro Koga
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Unit of Translational Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Toshimasa Shimizu
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Unit of Translational Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kawakami
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Unit of Translational Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Migita
- Department of Rheumatology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Hikarigaoka, Fukushima
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15
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Zhou H, Wang Y, Bi K, Qi H, Song S, Zhou M, Chen L, Wang G, Duan T. Serum-soluble TRAIL: a potential biomarker for disease activity in myositis patients. Clin Rheumatol 2019; 38:1425-1431. [PMID: 30645753 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-018-04418-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is a member of the TNF super-family, which is involved in the regulation of immune response and pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases, including polymyositis (PM) and dermatomyositis (DM). In this study, we examined the level and origin of serum-soluble TRAIL (sTRAIL) in patients with PM and DM and analyzed its association with disease activity and clinical features. METHOD 11 PM patients, 33 DM patients, and 20 healthy controls were enrolled in this study. Clinical features were recorded when admitted, and disease activity was evaluated by myositis disease activity assessment visual analogue scale (MYOACT). TRAIL expression in muscle tissues was detected by immunohistochemistry. Serum sTRAIL levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The expression of membrane TRAIL (mTRAIL) and its receptors, including DR4 and DR5, on circulating T cells was analyzed by flow cytometry. RESULTS TRAIL was expressed in infiltrated inflammatory cells in muscle tissues from patients. The serum sTRAIL level was markedly increased in patients and was positively correlated with the disease activity. Serum sTRAIL was decreased after therapy in patients and was specifically higher in patients with dysphagia, but lower in patients with autoantibody Jo-1 positive. The frequency of mTRAIL and its receptors on circulating T cells from patients were significantly elevated than that from healthy controls. CONCLUSIONS The serum sTRAIL could be a biomarker for evaluating the disease activity of PM and DM, and targeting the generation of TRAIL in T cells might be a potential approach in the treatment of PM and DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Zhou
- Department of Rheumatology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 95 Yongan Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, China
| | - Yunchao Wang
- Department of Medical and Health Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Kuo Bi
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Haiyu Qi
- Department of Rheumatology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 95 Yongan Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, China
| | - Shuju Song
- Department of Rheumatology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 95 Yongan Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, China
| | - Mingzhu Zhou
- Department of Rheumatology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 95 Yongan Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, China
| | - Letian Chen
- Department of Rheumatology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 95 Yongan Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, China
| | - Guochun Wang
- Department of Rheumatology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Duan
- Department of Rheumatology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 95 Yongan Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, China.
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16
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Adler BL, Christopher-Stine L. Triggers of inflammatory myopathy: insights into pathogenesis. Discov Med 2018; 25:75-83. [PMID: 29579414 PMCID: PMC5921929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The inflammatory myopathies, which include dermatomyositis, polymyositis, and the immune-mediated necrotizing myopathies, are a heterogeneous group of autoimmune diseases that manifest with muscle, skin, or lung damage. Collectively, these autoimmune diseases result from loss of tolerance to a select group of self-antigens, although the precise mechanism through which this occurs is not known. Infection, malignancy, and certain medications including statins and the immune checkpoint inhibitors used in cancer therapy have been identified as potential immunologic triggers of the inflammatory myopathies. Some of these triggers are classically associated with specific myositis-specific autoantibodies (MSAs). The strong association between certain triggers and MSAs provides insights into how an immunologic event can lead to loss of tolerance to specific self-antigens, resulting in autoimmune disease. In this review, we discuss the proposed triggers of the inflammatory myopathies and their associations with MSAs, and provide insights into how these triggers may result in the inflammatory myopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany L Adler
- Department of Medicine Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Lisa Christopher-Stine
- Department of Medicine Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
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17
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Ooka J, Tanaka H, Hatani Y, Tsuji Y, Takeshige R, Mori S, Matsumoto K, Hara S, Tanaka H, Okita Y, Hirata KI. Treatment of Fulminant Giant Cell Myocarditis Associated with Polymyositis Using a Left Ventricular Assist Device and Subsequent Corticosteroid and Immunosuppressive Therapy Leading to Remission. Intern Med 2017; 56:2155-2158. [PMID: 28781324 PMCID: PMC5596276 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.8639-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A 58-year-old man with a recent history of generalized myalgia and muscle weakness was transferred to our hospital because of acute progressive dyspnea. The patient underwent left ventricular (LV) assist device (LVAD) implantation due to cardiogenic shock with a LV ejection fraction (LVEF) of 6%. The histological findings obtained from LV apex showed the infiltration of multinucleated giant cells and severe myocardial contusion. Combining this histological finding with our experienced neurologists comments, resulted in a final diagnosis of fulminant giant cell myocarditis associated with polymyositis. A day after LVAD implantation, the patient received corticosteroid and immunosuppressive therapy, and the LVEF recovered to 68%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junichi Ooka
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Hidekazu Tanaka
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Yutaka Hatani
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Yukio Tsuji
- Division of Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Ryo Takeshige
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Shumpei Mori
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Kensuke Matsumoto
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Shigeo Hara
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tanaka
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Yutaka Okita
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Hirata
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
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18
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Troyanov Y, Landon-Cardinal O, Fritzler MJ, Ferreira J, Targoff IN, Rich E, Goulet M, Goulet JR, Bourré-Tessier J, Robitaille Y, Drouin J, Albert A, Senécal JL. Atorvastatin-induced necrotizing autoimmune myositis: An emerging dominant entity in patients with autoimmune myositis presenting with a pure polymyositis phenotype. Medicine (Baltimore) 2017; 96:e5694. [PMID: 28099331 PMCID: PMC5279076 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000005694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The general aim of this study was to evaluate the disease spectrum in patients presenting with a pure polymyositis (pPM) phenotype. Specific objectives were to characterize clinical features, autoantibodies (aAbs), and membrane attack complex (MAC) in muscle biopsies of patients with treatment-responsive, statin-exposed necrotizing autoimmune myositis (NAM). Patients from the Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal autoimmune myositis (AIM) Cohort with a pPM phenotype, response to immunosuppression, and follow-up ≥3 years were included. Of 17 consecutive patients with pPM, 14 patients had a NAM, of whom 12 were previously exposed to atorvastatin (mean 38.8 months). These 12 patients were therefore suspected of atorvastatin-induced AIM (atorAIM) and selected for study. All had aAbs to 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase, and none had overlap aAbs, aAbs to signal recognition particle, or cancer. Three stages of myopathy were recognized: stage 1 (isolated serum creatine kinase [CK] elevation), stage 2 (CK elevation, normal strength, and abnormal electromyogram [EMG]), and stage 3 (CK elevation, proximal weakness, and abnormal EMG). At diagnosis, 10/12 (83%) patients had stage 3 myopathy (mean CK elevation: 7247 U/L). The presenting mode was stage 1 in 6 patients (50%) (mean CK elevation: 1540 U/L), all of whom progressed to stage 3 (mean delay: 37 months) despite atorvastatin discontinuation. MAC deposition was observed in all muscle biopsies (isolated sarcolemmal deposition on non-necrotic fibers, isolated granular deposition on endomysial capillaries, or mixed pattern). Oral corticosteroids alone failed to normalize CKs and induce remission. Ten patients (83%) received intravenous immune globulin (IVIG) as part of an induction regimen. Of 10 patients with ≥1 year remission on stable maintenance therapy, IVIG was needed in 50%, either with methotrexate (MTX) monotherapy or combination immunosuppression. In the remaining patients, MTX monotherapy or combination therapy maintained remission without IVIG. AtorAIM emerged as the dominant entity in patients with a pPM phenotype and treatment-responsive myopathy. Isolated CK elevation was the mode of presentation of atorAIM. The new onset of isolated CK elevation on atorvastatin and persistent CK elevation on statin discontinuation should raise early suspicion for atorAIM. Statin-induced AIM should be included in the differential diagnosis of asymptomatic hyperCKemia. Three patterns of MAC deposition, while nonpathognomonic, were pathological clues to atorAIM. AtorAIM was uniformly corticosteroid resistant but responsive to IVIG as induction and maintenance therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yves Troyanov
- Divisions of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, University of Montreal Faculty of Medicine, Montreal, QC
| | - Océane Landon-Cardinal
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, University of Montreal Faculty of Medicine, Montreal, QC
| | - Marvin J. Fritzler
- Mitogen Advanced Diagnostics Laboratory, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB
| | - José Ferreira
- Department of Pathology, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, University of Montreal Faculty of Medicine, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Ira N. Targoff
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - Eric Rich
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, University of Montreal Faculty of Medicine, Montreal, QC
| | | | - Jean-Richard Goulet
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, University of Montreal Faculty of Medicine, Montreal, QC
| | - Josiane Bourré-Tessier
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, University of Montreal Faculty of Medicine, Montreal, QC
| | - Yves Robitaille
- Department of Pathology, Hôpital Sainte-Justine
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, University of Montreal Faculty of Medicine
| | - Julie Drouin
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Centre hospitalier affilié universitaire régional de Trois-Rivières, University of Montreal Faculty of Medicine, Montreal
| | - Alexandra Albert
- Division of Rheumatology, Centre Hospitalier de l’Université Laval, Laval University Faculty of Medicine, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Jean-Luc Senécal
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, University of Montreal Faculty of Medicine, Montreal, QC
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Ezzatian-Ahar S, Pedersen EG, Schrøder HD, Horn HC, Gaist D. [Paraneoplastic myasthenia gravis and polymyositis secondary to a thymoma in a young woman]. Ugeskr Laeger 2016; 178:V04160242. [PMID: 27808029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We present the case of a 33-year-old woman who within weeks developed severe swallowing difficulties and weakness in her limbs to an extent requiring hospitalization. Workup confirmed clinically suspected diagnoses of polymyositis and autoimmune myasthenia. A suspicion of malignant thymoma based on chest computed tomography was histologically verified. Patient treatment and response are presented. The case emphasizes the importance of recognizing that thymomas, in rare instances, may present with a combination of neuromuscular disorders in the same patient.
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20
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Yan W, Fan W, Chen C, Wu Y, Fan Z, Chen J, Chen Z, Chen H. IL-15 up-regulates the MMP-9 expression levels and induces inflammatory infiltration of macrophages in polymyositis through regulating the NF-kB pathway. Gene 2016; 591:137-147. [PMID: 27374114 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2016.06.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Revised: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
This study was aimed to research the effects of IL-15 on inducing inflammatory infiltration of macrophages in polymyositis (PM) through the NF-kB pathway, and whether IL-15 was able to further regulate MMP-9 expression levels. Prepared PM cells, collected from the patients suffering from PM, were administered to SD rats. Also, a group of healthy SD rats was undergoing the same treatment as the control group. The test animals were treated with either anti-IL-15, IL-15, MMP-9 siRNA or ERK1/2 inhibitor. The blood toxicological parameters creatine kinase (CK) and CD163 were tested by using ELISA and immunohistochemistry assay. In addition, NF-kB expression in macrophages was measured by immunocytochemical assay. To measure the degree of cell infiltration the Transwell assay was performed. Lastly, western blot and zymography were carried out to compare MMP-9 and ERK expression levels between the two groups, both in vivo and in vitro. The results showed that S-CK, IL-15 and IL-15Rα levels increased rapidly after the conventional treatment was introduced to the PM infected SD rats. The PM model establishment and IL-15 treatment significantly increased the expressions of IL-15Rα, MMP-9, p-ERK and p-IKBα. However, the same effect can be suppressed by using anti-IL-15, MMP-9 siRNA or ERK1/2 inhibitor (P < 0.05). In addition, IL-15 is proved to increase cell migration and nucleus expression of NF-kB in the macrophages. IL-15 is able to significantly regulate the inflammatory infiltration of macrophages in PM patients through affecting the NF-kB pathway and MMP-9 expression levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Yan
- Department of Neurological Internal Medicine, Ningbo No.2 Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315000, China
| | - Weinv Fan
- Department of Neurological Internal Medicine, Ningbo No.2 Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315000, China
| | - Caijing Chen
- Department of Neurological Internal Medicine, Ningbo No.2 Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315000, China
| | - Yunqin Wu
- Department of Neurological Internal Medicine, Ningbo No.2 Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315000, China
| | - Zhenyi Fan
- Department of Neurological Internal Medicine, Ningbo No.2 Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315000, China
| | - Jiaqi Chen
- Department of Neurological Internal Medicine, Ningbo No.2 Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315000, China
| | - Zhaoying Chen
- Department of Neurological Internal Medicine, Ningbo No.2 Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315000, China
| | - Huimin Chen
- Department of Neurological Internal Medicine, Ningbo No.2 Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315000, China.
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21
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Gozalo AS, Montali RJ, St Claire M, Barr B, Rejmanek D, Ward JM. Chronic Polymyositis Associated with Disseminated Sarcocystosis in a Captive-born Rhesus Macaque. Vet Pathol 2016; 44:695-9. [PMID: 17846244 DOI: 10.1354/vp.44-5-695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A 2–year-old, captive-born, clinically healthy male, rhesus macaque, was euthanatized as part of an experimental study. At necropsy, diffuse pale streaking of the trunk, lumbar, and limb muscles were noted macroscopically. On histology, numerous elongated cysts that contained crescent-shaped basophilic spores were found in the fibers of skeletal muscles. Scattered affected myofibers were degenerate and accompanied by eosinophilic-to-granulomatous inflammation. Sarcocysts had prominent villus-like projections with the morphology of a type 11 sarcocyst wall similar to Sarcocystis neurona but possessing many more villus microtubules than is reported for S. neurona. In addition, bradyzoites were very long, up to approximately 12 um in length. The protozoa were consistent with a Sarcocystis sp., based on histology and ultrastructure, however, a definitive identification of the species was not possible. Nonspecific immunohistochemical crossreaction with Sarcocystis cruzi antisera was observed. The 18S ribosomal deoxyribonucleic acid sequence showed 91% similarity to Sarcocystis hominis, 90% similarity to Sarcocystis buffalonis, and 89% similarity to Sarcocystis hirsuta. Interestingly, the ITSI sequence showed very little homology to any sequence in GenBank, suggesting that this is possibly a unique Sarcocystis sp. Sarcocystosis is often considered an incidental finding, particularly in wild-caught animals, with little clinical significance. However, as demonstrated in this report and others, disseminated sarcocystosis can occur in captive-born rhesus macaques with or without clinical signs. In some cases interference with research results can occur; including death in fulminant cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Gozalo
- Comparative Medicine Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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Gómez GN, Gargiulo MDLÁ, Pérez N, Collado MV, Suárez LV, Khoury M, Sarano JF. Autoantibodies in adult patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathies in Buenos Aires. Medicina (B Aires) 2016; 76:129-134. [PMID: 27295700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The idiopathic inflammatory myopathies(IIM) are a heterogeneous group of diseases of the skeletal muscle. On the basis of clinical, serologic and histological differences, they are classified in dermatomyositis (DM), polymyositis (PM), inclusion body myositis and immunomediated necrotizing myopathy. Autoantibodies directed against nuclear and cytoplasmic antigens are present with variable frequencies among studies. Myositis-specific antibodies (MSAs) are useful in IIM because they contribute to the diagnosis, help to identify different clinical subsets, and have prognostic value. This study aimed to explore the frequency of autoantibodies, especially MSAs, and their relationship with clinical features in adult patients with DM, PM and overlap syndrome. Medical records were reviewed. Myositis-associated antibodies (non-specific) and MSAs (anti Jo-1, PL-7, PL-12, Mi-2 and SRP) were measured using commercial kits. Twelve patients had MSAs, an overall frequency similar to those of international series, but PL-12 and Mi-2 were more frequent than Jo-1, which is the most frequently observed elsewhere. All five patients with Mi-2 had classical DM with a favorable response to treatment. Interstitial pneumonia (n: 4) and/or treatment-refractory disease (n: 3) were found in the presence of anti-PL-12, alone or associated with anti-SRP and/or Jo-1. In conclusion, the coexistence of AEM, a rare finding, was found in three patients. The presence of MSAs aided to the diagnosis of IIM, in particular in those patients without available or conclusive biopsy results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graciela N Gómez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas Alfredo Lanari, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina. E-mail:
| | | | - Nicolás Pérez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas Alfredo Lanari, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Victoria Collado
- Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas Alfredo Lanari, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lorena V Suárez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas Alfredo Lanari, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marina Khoury
- Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas Alfredo Lanari, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Judith F Sarano
- Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas Alfredo Lanari, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Larrauri BJ, Fernández Romero DS, Juri MC, Malbrán A. [Relapses in inflammatory myopathies]. Medicina (B Aires) 2016; 76:379-382. [PMID: 27959849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Most studies about treatment of inflammatory myopathies consist of cross-sectional analyses that do not assess long-term efficacy. In the present study we describe the follow-up of seven patients with inflammatory myopathies, 5 polymyositis and 2 dermatomyositis. We describe their clinical features, follow-up, muscle enzyme levels, and treatment responses. We define the latter as treatment cycles, every one of which end when steroid doses need to be increased or a new immunosuppressive drug has to be added because of clinical worsening or sustained increases in muscle enzyme levels. Treatment can cause remission, partially control, or fail in achieving myositis improvement when it normalizes, stabilizes, or does not affect muscle enzymes or clinical features, respectively. We analyzed 20 cycles, in which remission was achieved in 14 cases, partial control in 5 instances, and treatment failure in one case. Remission occurred after an average of 139 ± 98 days, whereas partial control took place in 160 ± 100 days. Except in one case, all treatment cycles controlled or remitted the symptoms. However, in all patients the illness recurred with time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blas J Larrauri
- Unidad de Alergia, Asma e Inmunología Clínica, Buenos Aires, Argentina. E-mail:
| | | | | | - Alejandro Malbrán
- Unidad de Alergia, Asma e Inmunología Clínica, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Pinal-Fernandez I, Casciola-Rosen LA, Christopher-Stine L, Corse AM, Mammen AL. The Prevalence of Individual Histopathologic Features Varies according to Autoantibody Status in Muscle Biopsies from Patients with Dermatomyositis. J Rheumatol 2015; 42:1448-1454. [PMID: 26443871 PMCID: PMC6544046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Individual dermatomyositis (DM)-associated autoantibodies are associated with distinct clinical phenotypes. This study was undertaken to explore the association of these autoantibodies with specific muscle biopsy features. METHODS DM subjects with a muscle biopsy reviewed at Johns Hopkins had sera screened for autoantibodies recognizing Mi-2, transcriptional intermediary factor 1-γ (TIF1-γ), NXP2, MDA5, Ro52, PM-Scl, and Jo1. We also included anti-Jo1–positive patients with polymyositis (PM) who had a biopsy read at Johns Hopkins. Analyzed histological features included perifascicular atrophy, perivascular inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, primary inflammation, and myofiber necrosis. Duration of disease, biopsy location, and treatment at biopsy were also analyzed. RESULTS We studied 91 DM and 7 anti-Jo1–positive patients with PM. In univariate analyses, TIF1-γ+ patients had more mitochondrial dysfunction (47% vs 18%; p = 0.05), NXP2+ patients had less primary inflammation (0% vs 28%; p = 0.01), Mi-2+ patients had more primary inflammation (50% vs 19%; p = 0.03), and PM-Scl+ patients had more primary inflammation (67% vs 18%; p = 0.004) than those who were negative for each autoantibody. Although reliability was limited because of small sample numbers, multivariate analysis confirmed that TIF1-γ+ patients had more mitochondrial dysfunction [prevalence ratio (PR) 2.6, 95% CI 1.0–6.5, p = 0.05] and PM-Scl+ patients had more primary inflammation (PR 5.2, 95% CI 2.0–13.4; p = 0.001) independent of disease duration at biopsy, biopsy site, and treatment at biopsy. No differences in muscle biopsy features were noted between anti-Jo1–positive patients diagnosed with DM and PM. CONCLUSION The prevalence of different histological features varies according to autoantibody status in DM. Muscle biopsy features are similar in anti-Jo1 patients with and without a rash.
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Shinjo SK, Nascimento JJ, Marie SKN. The effect of prior corticosteroid use in muscle biopsies from patients with dermatomyositis. Clin Exp Rheumatol 2015; 33:336-340. [PMID: 25664479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of prior corticosteroid (CS) use on the presence of inflammatory infiltrates (InI) in muscle biopsies from dermatomyositis (DM). METHODS Sixty-five muscle biopsy samples were obtained at the time of DM diagnosis. The patients were divided into the following three groups according to the degree of the InI present in the muscle biopsies: (I) minimal InI present only in an interstitial area (endomysium, perimysium) or in a perivascular area; (II) moderate InI in one or two areas of the interstitium or of the perivascular area; and (III) moderate InI throughout the interstitium or intense inflammation in at least one area of the interstitium or of the perivascular area. RESULTS All groups (I=17, II=16 and III=32) were comparable regarding the patient age at the time of the muscle biopsy, gender, ethnicity distribution, time interval between the muscle biopsy and the symptom onset, clinical manifestations, degree of muscle weakness, autoantibodies and serum muscle enzyme measurements (p<0.05). The median (interquartile) duration of CS use [7 (0-60), 6 (0-105) and 14 (0-30) days in groups I, II and III, respectively] and the median cumulative CS dose used [560 (0-2100), 1005 (0-2850) and 875 (0-2850) mg] were similar between the groups (p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS Previous CS use did not influence the presence or the degree of inflammatory infiltrates found in muscle biopsies in DM with clinical and laboratory disease activity. Therefore, muscle biopsies should be performed in this population, including patients currently undergoing CS therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Katsuyuki Shinjo
- Laboratory of Inflammatory Myopathies, Division of Rheumatology, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliana J Nascimento
- Laboratory of Inflammatory Myopathies, Division of Rheumatology, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Suely Kazue Nagahashi Marie
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Department of Neurology, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Pinhata MM, Nascimento JJ, Marie SKN, Shinjo SK. Does previous corticosteroid treatment affect the inflammatory infiltrate found in polymyositis muscle biopsies? Clin Exp Rheumatol 2015; 33:310-314. [PMID: 25602197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of the prior use of corticosteroids (CS) on the presence of inflammatory infiltrates (InI) in muscle biopsies of polymyositis (PM). METHODS We retrospectively evaluated 60 muscle biopsy samples that had been obtained at the time of the diagnosis of PM. The patients were divided into three groups according to the degree of the InI present in the muscle biopsies: (a) minimal InI present only in an interstitial area of the muscle biopsy (endomysium, perimysium) or in a perivascular area; (B) moderate InI in one or two areas of the interstitium or of the perivascular area; and (C) moderate InI throughout the interstitium or intense inflammation in at least one area of the interstitium or of the perivascular area. RESULTS The three groups were comparable regarding the demographic, clinical and laboratory features (p>0.05). Approximately half of the patients in each group were using CS at the time of the muscle biopsy. The median (interquartile) duration of CS use [4 (0-38), 4 (0-60) and 5 (0-60) days: groups A, B and C, respectively] and the median cumulative CS dose used [70 (0-1200), 300 (0-1470) and 300 (0-1800)mg] were similar between the groups (p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS Previous CS use did not influence the presence or the degree of InI found in muscle biopsies in PM with clinical and laboratory disease activity. Our study showed that muscle biopsies should be performed this population, even in individuals who have already been taking CSs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayara M Pinhata
- Division of Rheumatology, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliana J Nascimento
- Division of Rheumatology, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Suely K N Marie
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Department of Neurology, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Samuel K Shinjo
- Division of Rheumatology, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES [(18)F] Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG PET), a standard tool for evaluating malignancies, can also detect inflammatory lesions. However, its usefulness in evaluating muscle lesions in polymyositis and dermatomyositis syndromes (PM/DM) has not been established. METHODS 33 patients with PM/DM who had undergone FDG PET were retrospectively analysed. FDG uptake was visually evaluated (visually identified FDG uptake, vFDG) in 16 regions of the body using mediastinum blood vessels as a positivity criterion. We also calculated the maximum standardised uptake value (SUVmax) in all four limbs of the patients with PM/DM as well as in 22 patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) with similar disabilities. In 24 patients with PM/DM, MRI and FDG PET findings were compared. RESULTS vFDG was observed in multiple muscle lesions with varying distributions in two-thirds of the patients with PM/DM, with most lesions being symmetrical. The number of vFDG-positive regions strongly correlated with the mean SUVmax in all four limbs (p<0.0001). Histological grades of biopsied muscles correlated with both the mean SUVmax and number of vFDG-positive regions. Serum creatine kinase levels were higher in patients with more than two vFDG-positive regions than in those with two or less regions (p<0.05). While the inflamed muscles showed diffused, patchy or marginal signal abnormalities on MRI, FDG uptake was most prominent inside the muscles. Compared with ALS, the mean SUVmax was significantly higher in the patients with PM/DM (p<0.0001) and showed a striking correlation in the bilateral muscles, reflecting symmetrical muscle involvement in PM/DM. CONCLUSIONS The visual assessment of FDG uptake as well as calculation of SUV enabled us to comprehensively evaluate skeletal muscle. This method can improve clinical practices and provide insights into pathomechanisms of PM/DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maki Tateyama
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
- Department of Neurology, Iwate National Hospital, Iwate, Japan
| | - Kazuo Fujihara
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tatsuro Misu
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Akira Arai
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Kaneta
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Masashi Aoki
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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Bodoki L, Vincze M, Hortobágyi T, Griger Z, Csonka T, Dankó K. [Anti-signal recognition particle autoantibody positive myopathy]. Ideggyogy Sz 2014; 67:347-353. [PMID: 25518264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies are systemic, autoimmune diseases characterized by proximal symmetrical muscle weakness. We review the myositis-associated and myositis-specific autoantibodies, among them the anti-SRP autoantibody. Among those autoimmune myopathy cases, that are associated with autoantibodies, we can detect anti-SRP autoantibody positive myositis cases. We describe the role of signal recognition particle, its structure and role in protein biosynthesis. We review how necrotizing autoimmune myopathy is identified, and the differences from classical polymyositis. The anti-SRP titer correlates with disease activity. We present some cases to show how the disease appears in childhood and also some rare cases from the literature. Finally we present a case to draw attention to the importance of this disease.
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Ciccia F, Rizzo A, Alessandro R, Guggino G, Maugeri R, Saieva L, Cannizzaro A, Giardina A, De Leo G, Gerardo Iacopino D, Triolo G. Activated IL-22 pathway occurs in the muscle tissues of patients with polymyositis or dermatomyositis and is correlated with disease activity. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2014; 53:1307-12. [PMID: 24599919 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keu005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to assess the expression of IL-22, IL-22 receptor 1 (IL-22R1), IL-22 binding protein (IL-22BP) and p-STAT3 in muscle tissue from patients with PM and DM. METHODS Levels of IL-22, IL-22R1, IL-22BP and STAT3 mRNA were quantified by RT-PCR. The expression of IL-22, IL-22R1, IL-22BP and p-STAT3 was also analysed using immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Significant modulation of the IL-22 pathway was observed in inflammatory myopathic tissues. In particular, a significant overexpression of IL-22 at the protein but not the mRNA level was observed in PM/DM tissues and was correlated with myositis activity. IL-22R1 aberrant expression was also observed among infiltrating mononuclear cells and necrotic muscle cells. IL-22BP, which inhibits IL-22 signalling, was expressed only in some muscle fibres in PM/DM patients. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that the IL-22 pathway is activated in inflammatory myopathic tissues and may be involved in the induction of muscle inflammatory processes and muscle necrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Ciccia
- Dipartimento Biomedico di Medicina Interna e Specialistiche, Sezione di Reumatologia, Azienda Ospedaliera Ospedali Riuniti Villa Sofia-Cervello, Sezione di Anatomia Patologica, Dipartimento di Biopatologia e Biotecnologie Mediche e Forensi and Dipartimento di Biomedicina Sperimentale e Neuroscienze Cliniche, Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Aroldo Rizzo
- Dipartimento Biomedico di Medicina Interna e Specialistiche, Sezione di Reumatologia, Azienda Ospedaliera Ospedali Riuniti Villa Sofia-Cervello, Sezione di Anatomia Patologica, Dipartimento di Biopatologia e Biotecnologie Mediche e Forensi and Dipartimento di Biomedicina Sperimentale e Neuroscienze Cliniche, Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Riccardo Alessandro
- Dipartimento Biomedico di Medicina Interna e Specialistiche, Sezione di Reumatologia, Azienda Ospedaliera Ospedali Riuniti Villa Sofia-Cervello, Sezione di Anatomia Patologica, Dipartimento di Biopatologia e Biotecnologie Mediche e Forensi and Dipartimento di Biomedicina Sperimentale e Neuroscienze Cliniche, Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuliana Guggino
- Dipartimento Biomedico di Medicina Interna e Specialistiche, Sezione di Reumatologia, Azienda Ospedaliera Ospedali Riuniti Villa Sofia-Cervello, Sezione di Anatomia Patologica, Dipartimento di Biopatologia e Biotecnologie Mediche e Forensi and Dipartimento di Biomedicina Sperimentale e Neuroscienze Cliniche, Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Rosario Maugeri
- Dipartimento Biomedico di Medicina Interna e Specialistiche, Sezione di Reumatologia, Azienda Ospedaliera Ospedali Riuniti Villa Sofia-Cervello, Sezione di Anatomia Patologica, Dipartimento di Biopatologia e Biotecnologie Mediche e Forensi and Dipartimento di Biomedicina Sperimentale e Neuroscienze Cliniche, Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Laura Saieva
- Dipartimento Biomedico di Medicina Interna e Specialistiche, Sezione di Reumatologia, Azienda Ospedaliera Ospedali Riuniti Villa Sofia-Cervello, Sezione di Anatomia Patologica, Dipartimento di Biopatologia e Biotecnologie Mediche e Forensi and Dipartimento di Biomedicina Sperimentale e Neuroscienze Cliniche, Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Alessandra Cannizzaro
- Dipartimento Biomedico di Medicina Interna e Specialistiche, Sezione di Reumatologia, Azienda Ospedaliera Ospedali Riuniti Villa Sofia-Cervello, Sezione di Anatomia Patologica, Dipartimento di Biopatologia e Biotecnologie Mediche e Forensi and Dipartimento di Biomedicina Sperimentale e Neuroscienze Cliniche, Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - AnnaRita Giardina
- Dipartimento Biomedico di Medicina Interna e Specialistiche, Sezione di Reumatologia, Azienda Ospedaliera Ospedali Riuniti Villa Sofia-Cervello, Sezione di Anatomia Patologica, Dipartimento di Biopatologia e Biotecnologie Mediche e Forensi and Dipartimento di Biomedicina Sperimentale e Neuroscienze Cliniche, Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giacomo De Leo
- Dipartimento Biomedico di Medicina Interna e Specialistiche, Sezione di Reumatologia, Azienda Ospedaliera Ospedali Riuniti Villa Sofia-Cervello, Sezione di Anatomia Patologica, Dipartimento di Biopatologia e Biotecnologie Mediche e Forensi and Dipartimento di Biomedicina Sperimentale e Neuroscienze Cliniche, Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Domenico Gerardo Iacopino
- Dipartimento Biomedico di Medicina Interna e Specialistiche, Sezione di Reumatologia, Azienda Ospedaliera Ospedali Riuniti Villa Sofia-Cervello, Sezione di Anatomia Patologica, Dipartimento di Biopatologia e Biotecnologie Mediche e Forensi and Dipartimento di Biomedicina Sperimentale e Neuroscienze Cliniche, Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giovanni Triolo
- Dipartimento Biomedico di Medicina Interna e Specialistiche, Sezione di Reumatologia, Azienda Ospedaliera Ospedali Riuniti Villa Sofia-Cervello, Sezione di Anatomia Patologica, Dipartimento di Biopatologia e Biotecnologie Mediche e Forensi and Dipartimento di Biomedicina Sperimentale e Neuroscienze Cliniche, Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
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Zhan Q, Wang G, Liu X, Zhang J, Mu R, Zuo X, Li X, Wu L, Gong L, Li H, Wang X, Zhao D, Lin J, Hu S, Zhao C, Zhan F, Zhou B, Wang Y, Chai K, Gong Y, Luo L, Dai L, Wang Y. [A multi-center retrospective study of organ involvement in adult patients with polymyositis or dermatomyositis]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi 2014; 94:43-46. [PMID: 24721306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the prevalence and characteristics of main organ involvement in adult patients with polymyositis (PM) or dermatomyositis (DM) and determine their specific relative factors. METHODS Using unified questionnaire, we retrospectively collected the medical records of 1 387 confirmed adult PM/DM patients from 2007 to 2012 at 22 rheumatology centers in China. Statistical analyses were performed with chi-square or Fisher exact test and multivariate analyses with logistic regression. RESULTS A total of 1 387 patients were collected with 460 (33.2%) PM and 927 (66.8%) DM. The female:male ratio was 2.4: 1. Their onset age was ( 47 ± 14) years. A total of 1 031 (74.3%) patients had organ involvement. The prevalence of pulmonary involvement, arthritis, gastrointestinal and cardiac involvement were 44.6%, 32.3%, 21.9% and 20.3% respectively. The multivariate analysis indicated that older onset age (P < 0.01) was positively associated with pulmonary involvement while myalgia (P < 0.05) was negatively associated. Fever (P < 0.05), weight loss (P < 0.05) and Raynaud's phenomenon (P < 0.01) were positively associated with arthritis while muscle weakness (P < 0.05) negatively associated. Weight loss (P < 0.05), Raynaud's phenomenon (P < 0.01) and muscle weakness (P < 0.05) were positively associated with gastrointestinal involvement. Weight loss (P < 0.05) and swollen limbs (P < 0.05) were positively associated with cardiac involvement. CONCLUSION The prevalence of organ involvement is high in adult PM/DM patients. Our study may aid the diagnosis of organ damage in PM/DM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianzi Zhan
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Department of Rheumatology, Beijing 100730, China
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Antelava OA, Nasonov EL. [Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies: main clinical and immunological variants, difficulties of differential diagnostics and therapy]. Klin Med (Mosk) 2014; 92:19-25. [PMID: 25269190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies are rare autoimmune diseases with inflammatory lesions in skeletal muscles. They include polymyositis, dermatomyositis, juvenile myositis and inclusion body myositis. These are clinically and immunologically heterogeneous conditions differently responding to therapy. The authors consider the main manifestations of polymyositis/dermatomyositis and principal differences between them. Therapy is based on the prescription of glucocorticoids in combination with immunesuppressors. Better understanding immunological, genetic, and molecular mechanisms opens up new prospects for the management of idiopathic inflammatory myopathies.
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Jinnin M. [Myositis and the skin: cutaneous manifestations of dermatomyositis]. Brain Nerve 2013; 65:1283-1290. [PMID: 24200606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies include dermatomyositis, polymyositis, and inclusion body myositis. Among them, cutaneous manifestations are observed most frequently in dermatomyositis. While dermatomyositis commonly affects the skin and muscles, it can also affect the lungs and other organs. Dermatomyositis presenting clinically and histopathologically with typical cutaneous lesions, but without myositis, is called amyopathic dermatomyositis. Given that the Bohan and Peter criteria cannot distinguish amyopathic dermatomyositis, understanding the characteristic skin manifestations may be essential for diagnosing this condition. The cutaneous manifestations of dermatomyositis are thought to be the result of the Koebner phenomenon, vasculopathy, or photosensitivity; manifestations include various eruptions, such as heliotrope rush, Gottron's sign, Gottron's papules, mechanic's hand, nail-fold bleeding, skin ulcer, vasculitis, flagellate erythema, V-sign, and Shawl sign. The presence of multiple types of eruptions can help diagnose the disease. Several skin diseases, including adult Still's disease, contact dermatitis, and sarcoidosis, can mimic the cutaneous manifestations of dermatomyositis. Skin biopsy is useful for differential diagnoses. Histopathologically, dermatomyositis of the skin is characterized by liquefaction degeneration, vacuolar degeneration, edema, and mucin deposition. Dermatologists, neurologists, and rheumatologists are responsible for the diagnosis and management of dermatomyositis, in cooperation with pulmonologists, pediatricians, and pathologists. This review aims to provide clinicians with recent findings regarding skin involvement in dermatomyositis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masatoshi Jinnin
- Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University
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Saeed A, Alkhazna A. An adult patient with respiratory failure and splenomegaly. J Clin Virol 2013; 59:77-80. [PMID: 23850172 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2013.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2013] [Revised: 06/12/2013] [Accepted: 06/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anwaar Saeed
- Hematology- Oncology Division, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas, USA.
| | - Ammar Alkhazna
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Missouri, Kansas City, Missouri, USA.
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Mihali E, Mureşan M, Rusu ML, Fodor D. Cardiac metastasis and tumor embolism in a patient with adenocarcinoma of the colon presenting with paraneoplastic polymyositis. Rom J Morphol Embryol 2013; 54:897-900. [PMID: 24322048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer usually presents with alterations in the bowel habit. Less commonly, the presenting symptoms may be part of a paraneoplastic syndrome. Metastasis can occur by lymphatic or hematogenous spread, most frequently to the lungs and liver. We present the case of a 56-year-old man admitted with paraneoplastic polymyositis due to a poorly differentiated colon adenocarcinoma. The evolution was unfavorable with death on the 19th day following admission due to pulmonary thromboembolism and subsequent pulmonary edema. Autopsy showed micrometastases with lymphatic and venous emboli to the heart, liver, kidney, adrenal gland and lung. The case highlights the diversity of manifestation that can occur in a colon adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Mihali
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
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Gianella P, Avallone G, Bellino C, Iussich S, Palmieri C, Roccabianca P, Salvadori C, Zanatta R, D'Angelo A. Primary cutaneous undifferentiated round cell tumor with concurrent polymyositis in a dog. Can Vet J 2012; 53:549-553. [PMID: 23115370 PMCID: PMC3327596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A cutaneous poorly differentiated round cell tumor with concurrent, non-suppurative, polymyositis was diagnosed in a hovawart dog. Histochemical staining, immunohistochemistry, and transmission electron microscopy findings suggested that the tumors cells were of myeloid, or possibly natural killer cell origin. The possibility that the concurrent polymyositis may represent a pre-neoplastic or paraneoplastic process is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Gianella
- Dipartimento di Patologia Animale, University of Turin, Via L. Da Vinci 44, 10095 Grugliasco (To), Italy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagagopal Venna
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
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Parente J, Mathurdas P, Wandschneider L, Aranha J, Siopa L. [Overlap syndrome]. ACTA MEDICA PORT 2011; 24 Suppl 3:719-724. [PMID: 22856421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The overlap syndromes are characterized by the occurrence in the same patient of two or more autoimmune diseases. The overlap syndrome between scleroderma and polymyositis is rare. We describe a case of a 58-year-old woman in which the clinical expression, the effect of therapy and the evolution, support the concept that this syndrome is a distinct clinical entity in the spectrum of autoimmune disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Parente
- Serviços de Dermatologia e de Medicina Interna 2, Hospital Distrital de Santarém, Santarém, Portugal
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Maclean J, Singh RB, Sayeed ZA. Polymyositis presenting with respiratory failure. Indian J Chest Dis Allied Sci 2011; 53:229-231. [PMID: 22128623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Polymyositis is a systemic autoimmune disorder characterised by inflammatory myopathy of the skeletal muscles predominantly affecting the proximal muscles and associated with extra-muscular manifestations like dysphagia and skin involvement. In this case report, we describe the occurrence of diaphragmatic weakness and respiratory failure due to polymyositis with relatively well preserved power in limb muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerryl Maclean
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Apollo Hospitals, Chennai, India
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Gheita TA, Gheita HA, Kenawy SA. Rituximab restored the muscle power and rescued from a refractory fatal respiratory failure in a patient with elderly-onset polymyositis. Joint Bone Spine 2011; 79:101-2. [PMID: 21840235 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbspin.2011.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2011] [Accepted: 06/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Abstract
The following article reviews the role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIMs), focusing on the 3 major types of IIM: polymyositis, dermatomyositis, and inclusion-body myositis. After a brief introduction with general information about IIM, we will discuss the reasons why MRI plays an important role in the diagnosis and management of patients with polymyositis, dermatomyositis, and inclusion-body myositis. Magnetic resonance imaging can confirm the diagnosis and can help to phenotype the disease. Moreover, the support of MRI is important in addressing the muscle biopsy site and in reducing the high false-negative rate of biopsy when performed in a blind fashion. In monitoring therapy, MRI can add important information about the activity of the muscle disease and can identify cases where continued immunosuppressive therapy is no longer warranted owing to complete fatty replacement of the muscles. Lastly, we provide an overview about some advanced MRI techniques that focus more on function than on morphology of muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Del Grande
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, School of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
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Zámecník J, Vytásek R, Vencovský J, Vilím V. Immunolocalization of protein-bound 3-nitrotyrosine in inflammatory myopathies. Cesk Patol 2011; 47:62-65. [PMID: 21598762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
3-nitrotyrosine (3NT) is regarded as a "footprint" of nitric oxide generation. The study aimed at documenting the presence and distribution of 3-nitrotyrosine (3NT) in muscle tissue samples from patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM) as well as from those with non-inflammatory myopathies to consider whether polymyositis (PM) and dermatomyositis (DM) could be distinguished based on 3NT immunohistochemistry in muscle biopsy. Cryosections prepared from muscle biopsies of 54 patients with either IIM, i.e., PM and DM, or various non-inflammatory myopathies were immunostained using monoclonal antibody against 3NT. The 3NT immunostaining was localized to endothelial cells and their close surroundings in muscle biopsies of DM and PM patients but only in those areas of tissue sections where inflammatory cell infiltrates were present. No 3NT positivity was found in tissue sections of IIM patients without inflammatory infiltrates in the studied sample as well as in muscle tissue sections of patients with non-inflammatory myopathies. However, the endothelial cells were also positive in cases of confirmed non-inflammatory myopathies with secondary lymphocytic infiltration (myodystrophies, myasthenia gravis). Despite the pathogenetic significance, the 3NT immunohistochemistry is of low diagnostic value for the differential diagnosis of IIM in muscle biopsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Zámecník
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Charles University, 2nd Medical Faculty and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic.
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42
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Cooles FAH, Jackson GH, Menon G, Isaacs JD. Epstein-Barr virus-driven lymphoproliferative disorder post-CAMPATH-1H (alemtuzumab) in refractory polymyositis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2011; 50:810-2. [PMID: 21208978 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keq429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
MESH Headings
- Alemtuzumab
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/adverse effects
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived/therapeutic use
- Antibodies, Neoplasm/adverse effects
- Antibodies, Neoplasm/therapeutic use
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/administration & dosage
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use
- Autoimmunity/physiology
- Biopsy
- Cyclophosphamide/administration & dosage
- DNA, Viral/blood
- Doxorubicin/administration & dosage
- Epstein-Barr Virus Infections/complications
- Herpesvirus 4, Human/genetics
- Herpesvirus 4, Human/physiology
- Humans
- Lymphoproliferative Disorders/drug therapy
- Lymphoproliferative Disorders/virology
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Muscle, Skeletal/pathology
- Polymyositis/drug therapy
- Polymyositis/immunology
- Polymyositis/pathology
- Prednisone/administration & dosage
- Remission Induction
- Rituximab
- Treatment Outcome
- Vincristine/administration & dosage
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Xiaoyu D, Yunxia W, Qi F, Dapeng W, Xiuying C, Jianhua J, Hongxia W. Expression of B7-homolog 1 in Polymyositis. Ann Clin Lab Sci 2011; 41:154-160. [PMID: 21844574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Costimulatory molecules are increasingly recognized as crucial for stimulation and/ or inhibition of immune responses. The present study was undertaken to examine the expression and functional relevance of B7-homolog 1 (B7-H1) attributed significant immunoregulatory functions in polymyositis in vivo. METHODS 43 muscle biopsy specimens obtained from patients with polymyositis, 26 cases with limb girdle muscular dystrophies (LGMD) 2B and 21 normal muscle samples were analyzed by immunohistochemistry for B7-H1 expression. The clinical and histopathologic data were analyzed. RESULTS B7-H1 was not detectable on normal muscle fibers and rarely detectable from patients with LGMD-2B. In contrast, its expression was markedly increased on muscle fibers from patients with polymyositis, even after short-term immunosuppressive treatment. Positive staining mainly localized at the surface of the muscle tissue, rarely in the cytoplasm, focused in areas where inflammatory cells lay in close apposition to damaged, necrotic or degenerative muscle fibers. The expression of B7-H1 was correlated to the degrees of muscular necrosis and clinical muscular strength. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate that human muscle cells express B7-H1 in polymyositis. The muscle-related expression of B7-H1 may be helpful in the diagnosis of polymyositis and might be an indicator of prognosis of polymyositis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duan Xiaoyu
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Soochow University, No.188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, China
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Abstract
Polymyositis in HIV-infected subjects, clinically and pathologically resemble polymyositis in non-HIV-infected subjects. We report 14 consecutive HIV-associated polymyositis cases and compare specific features with 25 polymyositis cases seen over the same 6.5 year period. The HIV-polymyositis cases were all female and compared to the polymyositis cases were younger (median age 33 years, interquartile range (IQR) 29; 37 vs. 46 years, IQR 38; 52, p=0.002), and with 4-fold lower serum creatine kinase (CK) values (median 1158 vs. 5153IU/l; p=0.019). A definite clinical improvement on prednisone therapy was documented in eight HIV-polymyositis cases and one improved with anti-retroviral therapy alone. The recognition of HIV-polymyositis which is treatable, but may present with serum CK elevations less than twofolds above normal, is clinically relevant in sub-Saharan Africa where electromyography and muscle biopsies are not readily available.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Heckmann
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital and University of Cape Town, South Africa.
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Isobe K, Gocho K, Kaburaki K, Sugino K, Akasaka Y, Homma S. [An autopsied case of giant cell myocarditis and myositis associated with invasive thymoma]. Nihon Kokyuki Gakkai Zasshi 2010; 48:432-438. [PMID: 20608087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
A 75-year-old man was given a diagnosis of invasive thymoma (WHO type B3, stage IVa) in 2004. He received 8 cycles of chemotherapy with doxorubicin, vincristin, cyclophosphamide and cisplatin from November 2004 to May 2005, combined thoracic radiotherapy (total dosage 60 Gy) in April 2006, and 2 cycles of chemotherapy with carboplatin and paclitaxel from July 2008 to August 2008. He was readmitted to our hospital complaining of fever and neck pain in September 2008. Laboratory data on admission revealed elevated serum levels of CRP, GOT, GPT, LDH, CK, and troponin-I with hypo gamma-globulinemia. Although he received immunoglobulin and antibiotic therapy, he suddenly died of cardiac shock on the 9th hospital day. On postmortem examination of the myocardium, the skeletal muscles of the neck and iliopsoas muscle showed inflammatory cell infiltration containing multinucleated giant cells with degeneration and necrosis of the muscle tissues. These findings were consistent with giant cell myocarditis with polymyositis. Autopsy findings suggested that sudden death was caused by giant cell myocarditis, probably associated with invasive thymoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazutoshi Isobe
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Toho University Omori Medical Center
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Rajasekaran D, Arvind A, Subbaragavalu G, Sojan George K. Central and peripheral demyelination with immune polymyositis in a patient with Bardet Biedl syndrome. J Assoc Physicians India 2010; 58:114-115. [PMID: 20653154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We report extremely rare combination of central and peripheral demyelination with immune polymyositis in a patient with Bardet-Biedl syndrome. The inciting factor postulated was mycoplasma pneumonia infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Rajasekaran
- Post Graduate Institute of Internal Medicine, Madras Medical College and Government General Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu
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Antiochos BB, Brown LA, Li Z, Tosteson TD, Wortmann RL, Rigby WFC. Malignancy is associated with dermatomyositis but not polymyositis in Northern New England, USA. J Rheumatol 2009; 36:2704-10. [PMID: 19918034 PMCID: PMC3872782 DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.090549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To retrospectively evaluate the association of idiopathic inflammatory myopathy (IIM) and malignancy in patients seen at 1 academic center over a 23-year period. METHODS Patients were identified using the International Classification of Diseases, 9th edition (ICD-9) codes and diagnoses, then confirmed by chart review. Population cancer statistics obtained from the US Centers for Disease Control for Vermont and New Hampshire were used for comparison. RESULTS Chart review confirmed IIM in 198 of 483 patients initially identified by ICD-9 codes. Within 5 years of diagnosis with IIM, malignancy developed in 32 patients (16.2%), 24 of whom (75%) had dermatomyositis (DM). Malignancy and DM developed within 1 year in 75%. The cancer risk associated with DM was much greater than the risk associated with other IIM. The most frequent tumor types were breast, lung, pancreas, and colon. DM patients with cancer were more frequently male and >or= 45 years of age than those without cancer. There were no cases of interstitial lung disease among patients with cancer and any form of IIM. The incidence of cancer was increased in patients with DM compared to age- and sex-matched population controls, both over a 5-year interval surrounding the diagnosis of DM and over the lifetime interval following diagnosis. CONCLUSION The risk of cancer in IIM is concentrated among patients with DM. The association between DM and cancer was enhanced by its temporal relationship (< 1 year) in 87.5% of these cases. Patients with malignancy-associated DM were more frequently male and over age 45 and less likely to have interstitial lung disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendan B Antiochos
- Department of Rheumatology, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire 97239-3098, USA.
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Choi JH, Park YE, Kim SI, Kim JI, Lee CH, Park KH, Kim DS. Differential immunohistological features of inflammatory myopathies and dysferlinopathy. J Korean Med Sci 2009; 24:1015-23. [PMID: 19949654 PMCID: PMC2775846 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2009.24.6.1015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2008] [Accepted: 12/05/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was performed in order to characterize the types of the infiltrating cells, and the expression profiles of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and membrane attack complex (MAC) in patients with inflammatory myopathies and dysferlinopathy. Immunohistochemical stains were performed using monoclonal antibodies against several inflammatory cell types, MHC class I, and MAC in muscles from inflammatory myopathies and dysferlinopathy. There was significant difference in the types of infiltrating cells between polymyositis (PM), dermatomyositis (DM), and dysferlinopathy, including significantly high CD4+/CD8+ T cell ratio and B/T cell ratio in DM. In dysferlinopathy, CD4+ T cells were the most abundant and the proportions of infiltrating cell types were similar to those of DM. MHC class I was expressed in muscle fibers of PM and DM regardless of the presence of inflammatory infiltrates. MAC was expressed in necrotic fibers and vessels of PM and DM. One patient with early stage DM had a MAC deposits on endomysial capillaries. In dysferlinopathy, MAC deposit was also observed on the sarcolemma of nonnecrotic fibers. The analysis of inflammatory cells, MHC class I expressions and MAC deposits may help to differentiate dysferlinopathy from idiopathic inflammatory myopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Hwan Choi
- Department of Neurology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Yeong-Eun Park
- Department of Neurology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Sung-Il Kim
- Department of Rheumatology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea
- Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Jeong-Il Kim
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea
- Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Chang-Hoon Lee
- Department of Pathology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea
- Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Kyu-Hyun Park
- Department of Neurology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea
- Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Dae-Seong Kim
- Department of Neurology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea
- Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea
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49
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Potekhin NP, rozhnov IA, Orlov FA, Kurmashev AF, Karanik AR, Ruseĭkin VM. [Medical case of successful therapy of polymyositis by high doses of glucocorticoid]. Voen Med Zh 2009; 330:28-33. [PMID: 20120359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Questions of diagnostics and treatment of dermatomyositis-polymyositis in literature are contradictory character. They have scanty description of peculiarities of course of this pathology by men of young and certain age, and character of complications, connected with long ingestion of corticosteroid agents. Medical case, done in the article, is of great interest undoubtedly. By reason of using corticosteroid agents, the patient get a complex of specific complications, but pains in muscles, fever, arthralgia, weakness have disappeared. There was made a decision about speeded decreasing of dose of hormonal agent to 8 mg per day for the term pf 3 months in alternative session with parallel ingestion of disaggregants. On this base was marked epilosis of bioptic damage, was achieved recanalization of deep viens of left leg, was normalized carbohydrate metabolism, generalclinic analyze of blood, transaminase level, body weight was decreased. Now-days it's marked a clinical-laboratorial remission, not requiring a supplying corticosteroid therapy.
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50
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Sallum AME, Kiss MHB, Silva CAA, Wakamatsu A, Sachetti S, Lotufo S, Matsumura N, Marie SKN. MHC class I and II expression in juvenile dermatomyositis skeletal muscle. Clin Exp Rheumatol 2009; 27:519-526. [PMID: 19604449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess MHC I and II expressions in muscle fibres of juvenile dermatomyositis (JDM) and compare with the expression in polymyositis (PM), dermatomyositis (DM) and dystrophy. PATIENTS AND METHODS Forty-eight JDM patients and 17 controls (8 PM, 5 DM and 4 dystrophy) were studied. The mean age at disease onset was 7.1+/-3.0 years and the mean duration of weakness before biopsy was 9.4+/-12.9 months. Routinehistochemistry and immunohistochemistry (StreptABComplex/HRP) for MHC I and II (Dakopatts) were performed on serial frozen muscle sections in all patients. Mann-Whitney, Kruskal Wallis, chi-square and Fisher's exact statistical methods were used. RESULTS MHC I expression was positive in 47 (97.9%) JDM cases. This expression was observed independent of time of disease, corticotherapy previous to muscle biopsy and to the grading of inflammation observed in clinical, laboratorial and histological parameters. The expression of MHC I was similar on JDM, PM and DM, and lower in dystrophy. On the other hand, MHC II expression was positive in just 28.2% of JDM cases and was correlated to histological features as inflammatory infiltrate, increased connective tissue and VAS for global degree of abnormality (p<0.05). MHC II expression was similar in DM/PM and lower in JDM and dystrophy, and it was based on the frequency of positive staining rather than to the degree of the MCH II expression. CONCLUSIONS MHC I expression in muscle fibres is a premature and late marker of JDM patient independent to corticotherapy, and MHC II expression was lower in JDM than in PM and DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M E Sallum
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Rheumatology of Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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