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Gajjar G, Huggins HP, Kim ES, Huang W, Bonnet FX, Updike DL, Keiper BD. Two germ granule eIF4E isoforms reside in different mRNPs to hand off C elegans mRNAs from translational repression to activation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.24.595216. [PMID: 38826235 PMCID: PMC11142241 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.24.595216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
We studied the function of translation factor eIF4E isoforms in regulating mRNAs in germ cell granules/condensates. Translational control of mRNAs plays an essential role in germ cell gene regulation. Messenger ribonucleoprotein (mRNP) complexes assemble on mRNAs as they move from the nucleus into perinuclear germ granules to exert both positive and negative post-transcriptional regulation in the cytoplasm. In C. elegans , germ granules are surprisingly dynamic mRNP condensates that remodel during development. Two eIF4E isoforms (called IFE-1 and IFE-3), eIF4E-Interacting Proteins (4EIPs), RBPs, DEAD-box helicases, polyadenylated mRNAs, Argonautes and miRNAs all occupy positions in germ granules. Affinity purification of IFE-1 and IFE-3 allowed mass spectrometry and mRNA-Seq to identify the proteins and mRNAs that populate stable eIF4E mRNPs. We find translationally controlled mRNAs (e.g. pos-1, mex-3, spn-4, etc.) enriched in IFE-3 mRNPs, but excluded from IFE-1 mRNPs. These mRNAs also require IFE-1 for efficient translation. The findings support a model in which oocytes and embryos utilize the two eIF4Es for opposite purposes on critically regulated germline mRNAs. Careful colocalization of the eIF4Es with other germ granule components suggests an architecture in which GLH-1, PGL-1 and the IFEs are stratified to facilitate sequential interactions for mRNAs. Biochemical characterization demonstrates opposing yet cooperative roles for IFE-3 and IFE-1 to hand-off of translationally controlled mRNAs from the repressed to the activated state, respectively. The model involves eIF4E mRNPs shuttling mRNAs through nuclear pore-associated granules/condensates to cytoplasmic ribosomes.
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2
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Martínez-Alonso E, Escobar-Peso A, Guerra-Pérez N, Roca M, Masjuan J, Alcázar A. Dihydropyrimidinase-Related Protein 2 Is a New Partner in the Binding between 4E-BP2 and eIF4E Related to Neuronal Death after Cerebral Ischemia. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098246. [PMID: 37175950 PMCID: PMC10179276 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Transient cerebral ischemia induces neuronal degeneration, followed in time by secondary delayed neuronal death that is strongly correlated with a permanent inhibition of protein synthesis in vulnerable brain regions, while protein translational rates are recovered in resistant areas. In the translation-regulation initiation step, the eukaryotic initiation factor (eIF) 4E is a key player regulated by its association with eIF4E-binding proteins (4E-BPs), mostly 4E-BP2 in brain tissue. In a previous work, we identified dihydropyrimidinase-related protein 2 (DRP2) as a 4E-BP2-interacting protein. Here, using a proteomic approach in a model of transient cerebral ischemia, a detailed study of DRP2 was performed in order to address the challenge of translation restoration in vulnerable regions. In this report, several DRP2 isoforms that have a specific interaction with both 4E-BP2 and eIF4E were identified, showing significant and opposite differences in this association, and being differentially detected in resistant and vulnerable regions in response to ischemia reperfusion. Our results provide the first evidence of DRP2 isoforms as potential regulators of the 4E-BP2-eIF4E association that would have consequences in the delayed neuronal death under ischemic-reperfusion stress. The new knowledge reported here identifies DRP2 as a new target to promote neuronal survival after cerebral ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Martínez-Alonso
- Department of Research, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS, 28034 Madrid, Spain
- Proteomics Unit, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS, 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Escobar-Peso
- Department of Research, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS, 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Natalia Guerra-Pérez
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marcel Roca
- Department of Research, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS, 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jaime Masjuan
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS, 28034 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Neurology, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Alcalá, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Alberto Alcázar
- Department of Research, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS, 28034 Madrid, Spain
- Proteomics Unit, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS, 28034 Madrid, Spain
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3
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Song J, Nilsson G, Xu Y, Zelco A, Rocha-Ferreira E, Wang Y, Zhang X, Zhang S, Ek J, Hagberg H, Zhu C, Wang X. Temporal brain transcriptome analysis reveals key pathological events after germinal matrix hemorrhage in neonatal rats. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2022; 42:1632-1649. [PMID: 35491813 PMCID: PMC9441725 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x221098811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Germinal matrix hemorrhage (GMH) is a common complication in preterm infants and is associated with high risk of adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes. We used a rat GMH model and performed RNA sequencing to investigate the signaling pathways and biological processes following hemorrhage. GMH induced brain injury characterized by early hematoma and subsequent tissue loss. At 6 hours after GMH, gene expression indicated an increase in mitochondrial activity such as ATP metabolism and oxidative phosphorylation along with upregulation of cytoprotective pathways and heme metabolism. At 24 hours after GMH, the expression pattern suggested an increase in cell cycle progression and downregulation of neurodevelopmental-related pathways. At 72 hours after GMH, there was an increase in genes related to inflammation and an upregulation of ferroptosis. Hemoglobin components and genes related to heme metabolism and ferroptosis such as Hmox1, Alox15, and Alas2 were among the most upregulated genes. We observed dysregulation of processes involved in development, mitochondrial function, cholesterol biosynthesis, and inflammation, all of which contribute to neurodevelopmental deterioration following GMH. This study is the first temporal transcriptome profile providing a comprehensive overview of the molecular mechanisms underlying brain injury following GMH, and it provides useful guidance in the search for therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Song
- Centre for Perinatal Medicine and Health, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Henan Key Laboratory of Child Brain Injury and Henan Pediatric Clinical Research Center, Third Affiliated Hospital and Institute of Neuroscience of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Gisela Nilsson
- Centre for Perinatal Medicine and Health, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Yiran Xu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Child Brain Injury and Henan Pediatric Clinical Research Center, Third Affiliated Hospital and Institute of Neuroscience of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Aura Zelco
- Centre for Perinatal Medicine and Health, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Eridan Rocha-Ferreira
- Centre for Perinatal Medicine and Health, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Yafeng Wang
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Children's Genetics and Metabolic Diseases, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Center for Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Child Brain Injury and Henan Pediatric Clinical Research Center, Third Affiliated Hospital and Institute of Neuroscience of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shan Zhang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Child Brain Injury and Henan Pediatric Clinical Research Center, Third Affiliated Hospital and Institute of Neuroscience of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Center for Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Joakim Ek
- Centre for Perinatal Medicine and Health, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Henrik Hagberg
- Centre for Perinatal Medicine and Health, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Changlian Zhu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Child Brain Injury and Henan Pediatric Clinical Research Center, Third Affiliated Hospital and Institute of Neuroscience of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Center for Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Xiaoyang Wang
- Centre for Perinatal Medicine and Health, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Henan Key Laboratory of Child Brain Injury and Henan Pediatric Clinical Research Center, Third Affiliated Hospital and Institute of Neuroscience of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Centre for Perinatal Medicine and Health, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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4
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Spinal Stroke: Outcome Attenuation by Erythropoietin and Carbamylated Erythropoietin and Its Prediction by Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Serum Levels in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179558. [PMID: 36076955 PMCID: PMC9455176 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal strokes may be associated with tremendous spinal cord injury. Erythropoietin (EPO) improves the neurological outcome of animals after spinal cord ischemia (SCI) and its effects on ischemia-induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and the unfolded protein response (UPR) are considered possible molecular mechanisms. Furthermore, sphingosin-1-phosphate (S1P) is suggested to correlate with SCI. In this study, the effect of recombinant human EPO (rhEPO) and carbamylated EPO (cEPO-Fc) on the outcome of mice after SCI and a prognostic value of S1P were investigated. SCI was induced in 12-month-old male mice by thoracic aortal cross-clamping after administration of rhEPO, cEPO-Fc, or a control. The locomotory behavior of mice was evaluated by the Basso mouse scale and S1P serum levels were measured by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The spinal cord was examined histologically and the expressions of key UPR proteins (ATF6, PERK, and IRE1a, caspase-12) were analyzed utilizing immunohistochemistry and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. RhEPO and cEPO-Fc significantly improved outcomes after SCI. The expression of caspase-12 significantly increased in the control group within the first 24 h of reperfusion. Animals with better locomotory behavior had significantly higher serum levels of S1P. Our data indicate that rhEPO and cEPO-Fc have protective effects on the clinical outcome and neuronal tissue of mice after SCI and that the ER is involved in the molecular mechanisms. Moreover, serum S1P may predict the severity of impairment after SCI.
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5
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The integrated stress response in ischemic diseases. Cell Death Differ 2022; 29:750-757. [PMID: 34743204 PMCID: PMC8990009 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-021-00889-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic disease is among the deadliest and most disabling illnesses. Prominent examples include myocardial infarction and stroke. Most, if not all, underlying pathological changes, including oxidative stress, inflammation, and nutrient deprivation, are potent inducers of the integrated stress response (ISR). Four upstream kinases are involved in ISR signaling that sense a myriad of input stress signals and converge on the phosphorylation of serine 51 of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α (eIF2α). As a result, translation initiation is halted, creating a window of opportunity for the cell to repair itself and restore homeostasis. A growing number of studies show strong induction of the ISR in ischemic disease. Genetic and pharmacological evidence suggests that the ISR plays critical roles in disease initiation and progression. Here, we review the basic regulation of the ISR, particularly in response to ischemia, and summarize recent findings relevant to the actions of the ISR in ischemic disease. We then discuss therapeutic opportunities by modulating the ISR to treat ischemic heart disease, brain ischemia, ischemic liver disease, and ischemic kidney disease. Finally, we propose that the ISR represents a promising therapeutic target for alleviating symptoms of ischemic disease and improving clinical outcomes.
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Phosphorylation of Eukaryotic Initiation Factor 4G1 (eIF4G1) at Ser1147 Is Specific for eIF4G1 Bound to eIF4E in Delayed Neuronal Death after Ischemia. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031830. [PMID: 35163752 PMCID: PMC8836865 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic strokes are caused by a reduction in cerebral blood flow and both the ischemic period and subsequent reperfusion induce brain injury, with different tissue damage depending on the severity of the ischemic insult, its duration, and the particular areas of the brain affected. In those areas vulnerable to cerebral ischemia, the inhibition of protein translation is an essential process of the cellular response leading to delayed neuronal death. In particular, translation initiation is rate-limiting for protein synthesis and the eukaryotic initiation factor (eIF) 4F complex is indispensable for cap-dependent protein translation. In the eIF4F complex, eIF4G is a scaffolding protein that provides docking sites for the assembly of eIF4A and eIF4E, binding to the cap structure of the mRNA and stabilizing all proteins of the complex. The eIF4F complex constituents, eIF4A, eIF4E, and eIF4G, participate in translation regulation by their phosphorylation at specific sites under cellular stress conditions, modulating the activity of the cap-binding complex and protein translation. This work investigates the phosphorylation of eIF4G1 involved in the eIF4E/eIF4G1 association complex, and their regulation in ischemia-reperfusion (IR) as a stress-inducing condition. IR was induced in an animal model of transient cerebral ischemia and the results were studied in the resistant cortical region and in the vulnerable hippocampal CA1 region. The presented data demonstrate the phosphorylation of eIF4G1 at Ser1147, Ser1185, and Ser1231 in both brain regions and in control and ischemic conditions, being the phosphorylation of eIF4G1 at Ser1147 the only one found in the eIF4E/eIF4G association complex from the cap-containing matrix (m7GTP-Sepharose). In addition, our work reveals the specific modulation of the phosphorylation of eIF4G1 at Ser1147 in the vulnerable region, with increased levels and colocalization with eIF4E in response to IR. These findings contribute to elucidate the molecular mechanism of protein translation regulation that underlies in the balance of cell survival/death during pathophysiological stress, such as cerebral ischemia.
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7
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Zhou S, Zhong Z, Huang P, Xiang B, Li X, Dong H, Zhang G, Wu Y, Li P. IL-6/STAT3 Induced Neuron Apoptosis in Hypoxia by Downregulating ATF6 Expression. Front Physiol 2021; 12:729925. [PMID: 34744770 PMCID: PMC8567049 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.729925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Neuron apoptosis, regulated by endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in the hippocampus, is an essential factor influencing the cognitive impairment induced by hypobaric hypoxia. Hypoxia mainly changes the activating transcription factor (ATF6) pathway of ER stress. However, the role of ATF6 in neuron survival, apoptosis, and upstream regulation is still controversial. Methods: We established a hypobaric hypoxia-induced C57BL/6 murine model and cell lines exposed to 1% hypoxia, including PC12 and HT22. First, we tested the expressions of interleukin 6 (IL-6), IL-1β, and IL-10 in C57BL/6 mice's hippocampus under hypoxia using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). We determined the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) phosphorylation at tyrosine (Tyr)705 by western blot and the expression of ATF6, 78-kDa glucose-regulated protein (GRP78), and C/-EBP homologous protein (CHOP) related to ER stress by immunofluorescence (IF), western blot, and qRT-PCR; they were then verified on the cell model. Additionally, IL-6 (40 ng/mL) and STAT3 siRNA were used to treat the PC12 cells for 48 and 4 h to activate or silence STAT3, respectively. Subsequently, the cells of siRNA group were exposed to 1% hypoxia for 48 h. Furthermore, the ATF6 and CHOP expressions were detected with western blot and qRT-PCR. Finally, we examined the binding of STAT3 to the ATF6 promoter by chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP)-seq. Results: The results showed that IL-6 increased, IL-10 decreased in the hypoxia group, and IL-1β showed no difference between the hypoxia and the normoxia groups. Neuron apoptosis was significantly elevated by exposure to hypoxia for 48h in PC12 cells. The hypobaric hypoxia-induced ER stress proteins, ATF6, GRP78, and CHOP, and the p-STAT3 (Tyr705) expressions increased both in in vivo and in vitro. Besides, STAT3 silencing significantly promoted the ATF6 expression and inhibited CHOP, while STAT3 activation downregulated the expression of ATF6 and upregulated CHOP in PC12 cells. The ChIP-seq assay demonstrated that p-STAT3 (Tyr705) protein could bind to the ATF6 promoter region in HT22 cells. Conclusion: Phosphorylation of STAT3 at the Tyr705 site contributes to hypoxia-induced neuron apoptosis by downregulating ATF6, which might explain the inflammatory reaction and apoptosis of the hippocampal neurons induced by ER stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simin Zhou
- Department of High Altitude Operational Medicine, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhifeng Zhong
- Department of High Altitude Operational Medicine, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Pei Huang
- Department of High Altitude Operational Medicine, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bin Xiang
- Department of High Altitude Operational Medicine, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoxu Li
- Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Department of High Altitude Physiology and Pathology, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Huaping Dong
- Department of High Altitude Operational Medicine, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Gang Zhang
- Department of High Altitude Operational Medicine, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yu Wu
- Department of High Altitude Operational Medicine, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Peng Li
- Department of High Altitude Operational Medicine, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
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8
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Zhao L, Li H, Gao Q, Xu J, Zhu Y, Zhai M, Zhang P, Shen N, Di Y, Wang J, Chen T, Huang M, Sun J, Liu C. Berberine Attenuates Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury Induced Neuronal Apoptosis by Down-Regulating the CNPY2 Signaling Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:609693. [PMID: 33995012 PMCID: PMC8113774 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.609693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Berberine (BBR) has a neuroprotective effect against ischemic stroke, but its specific protective mechanism has not been clearly elaborated. This study explored the effect of BBR on the canopy FGF signaling regulator 2 (CNPY2) signaling pathway in the ischemic penumbra of rats. The model of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CIRI) was established by the thread embolization method, and BBR was gastrically perfused for 48 h or 24 h before operation and 6 h after operation. The rats were randomly divided into four groups: the Sham group, BBR group, CIRI group, and CIRI + BBR group. After 2 h of ischemia, followed by 24 h of reperfusion, we confirmed the neurologic dysfunction and apoptosis induced by CIRI in rats (p < 0.05). In the ischemic penumbra, the expression levels of CNPY2-regulated endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced apoptosis proteins (CNPY2, glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase-like ER kinase (PERK), C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP), and Caspase-3) were significantly increased, but these levels were decreased after BBR treatment (p < 0.05). To further verify the inhibitory effect of BBR on CIRI-induced neuronal apoptosis, we added an endoplasmic reticulum-specific agonist and a PERK inhibitor to the treatment. BBR was shown to significantly inhibit the expression of apoptotic proteins induced by endoplasmic reticulum stress agonist, while the PERK inhibitor partially reversed the ability of BBR to inhibit apoptotic protein (p < 0.05). These results confirm that berberine may inhibit CIRI-induced neuronal apoptosis by downregulating the CNPY2 signaling pathway, thereby exerting a neuroprotective effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Zhao
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Huanming Li
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin 4th Centre Hospital, The Fourth Central Hospital Affiliated to Nankai University, The Fourth Center Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Qian Gao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tianjin 4th Centre Hospital, The Fourth Central Hospital Affiliated to Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jin Xu
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yongjie Zhu
- Department of Pathology, First People's Hospital of Aksu, Xinjiang, China
| | - Meili Zhai
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Tianjin Central Hospital of Gynecology Obstetrics, Gynecology Obstetrics Hospital of Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Peijun Zhang
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Tianjin Central Hospital of Gynecology Obstetrics, Gynecology Obstetrics Hospital of Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Na Shen
- Department of Central Laboratory, Tianjin 4th Centre Hospital, The Fourth Central Hospital Affiliated to Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanbo Di
- Department of Central Laboratory, Tianjin 4th Centre Hospital, The Fourth Central Hospital Affiliated to Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jinhui Wang
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Tianjin 4th Centre Hospital, The Fourth Central Hospital Affiliated to Nankai University, The Fourth Center Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Tie Chen
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Tianjin 4th Centre Hospital, The Fourth Central Hospital Affiliated to Nankai University, The Fourth Center Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Meina Huang
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Wuqing People's Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jinglai Sun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomedical Detecting Techniques and Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Chong Liu
- Department of Central Laboratory, Tianjin 4th Centre Hospital, The Fourth Central Hospital Affiliated to Nankai University, Tianjin, China.,Department of Anaesthesiology, Tianjin 4th Centre Hospital, The Fourth Central Hospital Affiliated to Nankai University, The Fourth Center Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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9
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Xu D, Kong T, Cheng B, Zhang R, Yang C, Chen J, Wang C. Orexin-A alleviates cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury by inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated apoptosis. Mol Med Rep 2021; 23:266. [PMID: 33576468 PMCID: PMC7893697 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.11905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Orexin‑A (OXA) protects neurons against cerebral ischemia‑reperfusion injury (CIRI). Endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) induces apoptosis after CIRI by activating caspase‑12 and the CHOP pathway. The present study aimed to determine whether OXA mitigates CIRI by inhibiting ERS‑induced neuronal apoptosis. A model of CIRI was established, in which rats were subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion with ischemic intervention for 2 h, followed by reperfusion for 24 h. Neurological deficit examination and 2,3,5‑triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining were performed to assess the level of CIRI and neuroprotection by OXA. Expression levels of ERS‑related proteins and cleaved caspase‑3 were measured via western blotting, while the rate of neuronal apoptosis in the cortex was determined using a TUNEL assay. OXA treatment decreased the infarct volume of rats after CIRI and attenuated neuron apoptosis. Furthermore, administration of OXA decreased the expression levels of GRP78, phosphorylated (p)‑PERK, p‑eukaryotic initiation factor‑2α, p‑inositol requiring enzyme 1α, p‑JNK, cleaved caspase‑12, CHOP and cleaved caspase‑3, all of which were induced by CIRI. Collectively, these findings suggested that OXA attenuated CIRI by inhibiting ERS‑mediated apoptosis, thus clarifying the mechanism underlying its neuroprotective effect and providing a novel therapeutic direction for the treatment of CIRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Xu
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
| | - Tingting Kong
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
| | - Baohua Cheng
- Neurobiology Key Laboratory of Jining Medical University in Colleges of Shandong, Jining, Shandong 272067, P.R. China
| | - Rumin Zhang
- Neurobiology Key Laboratory of Jining Medical University in Colleges of Shandong, Jining, Shandong 272067, P.R. China
| | - Chunqing Yang
- Neurobiology Key Laboratory of Jining Medical University in Colleges of Shandong, Jining, Shandong 272067, P.R. China
| | - Jing Chen
- Neurobiology Key Laboratory of Jining Medical University in Colleges of Shandong, Jining, Shandong 272067, P.R. China
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Chunmei Wang
- Neurobiology Key Laboratory of Jining Medical University in Colleges of Shandong, Jining, Shandong 272067, P.R. China
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10
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Kim HB, Yoo JY, Yoo SY, Lee JH, Chang W, Kim HS, Baik TK, Woo RS. Neuregulin-1 inhibits CoCl 2-induced upregulation of excitatory amino acid carrier 1 expression and oxidative stress in SH-SY5Y cells and the hippocampus of mice. Mol Brain 2020; 13:153. [PMID: 33187547 PMCID: PMC7664014 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-020-00686-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Excitatory amino acid carrier 1 (EAAC1) is an important subtype of excitatory amino acid transporters (EAATs) and is the route for neuronal cysteine uptake. CoCl2 is not only a hypoxia-mimetic reagent but also an oxidative stress inducer. Here, we found that CoCl2 induced significant EAAC1 overexpression in SH-SY5Y cells and the hippocampus of mice. Transient transfection of EAAC1 reduced CoCl2-induced cytotoxicity in SH-SY5Y cells. Based on this result, upregulation of EAAC1 expression by CoCl2 is thought to represent a compensatory response against oxidative stress in an acute hypoxic state. We further demonstrated that pretreatment with Neuregulin-1 (NRG1) rescued CoCl2-induced upregulation of EAAC1 and tau expression. NRG1 plays a protective role in the CoCl2-induced accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reduction in antioxidative enzyme (SOD and GPx) activity. Moreover, NRG1 attenuated CoCl2-induced apoptosis and cell death. NRG1 inhibited the CoCl2-induced release of cleaved caspase-3 and reduction in Bcl-XL levels. Our novel finding suggests that NRG1 may play a protective role in hypoxia through the inhibition of oxidative stress and thereby maintain normal EAAC1 expression levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Byeol Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Eulji University, 143-5Jung-Gu, Yongdu-Dong, Daejeon, 301-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Young Yoo
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Eulji University, 143-5Jung-Gu, Yongdu-Dong, Daejeon, 301-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Yeon Yoo
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Eulji University, 143-5Jung-Gu, Yongdu-Dong, Daejeon, 301-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Ho Lee
- Department of Emergency Medical Technology, Daejeon University, Daejeon, 34520, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonseok Chang
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Eulji University, Daejeon, 301-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Sun Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 110-799, Korea.,Seoul National University College of Medicine, Bundang Hospital, Sungnam, 13620, Republic of Korea
| | - Tai-Kyoung Baik
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Eulji University, 143-5Jung-Gu, Yongdu-Dong, Daejeon, 301-746, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ran-Sook Woo
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Eulji University, 143-5Jung-Gu, Yongdu-Dong, Daejeon, 301-746, Republic of Korea.
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11
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Hu Q, Mao Y, Liu M, Luo R, Jiang R, Guo F. The active nuclear form of SREBP1 amplifies ER stress and autophagy via regulation of PERK. FEBS J 2019; 287:2348-2366. [PMID: 31736227 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and autophagy dysfunction contribute to the establishment and progression of diverse pathologies. Proteolytic activation of the transcription factor nSREBP1 is induced under ER stress; however, little is known about how SREBP1 and its nuclear active form nSREBP1 influence autophagy and unfolded protein response (UPR) activation in osteosarcoma cells. Our research focused on the effect of SREBP1/nSREBP1 upon apoptosis and autophagy during ER stress and the molecular mechanisms involved. Here, we showed that nSREBP1 binds to the promoter of protein kinase RNA-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK) and then regulates ER stress, cell growth, cell apoptosis, and autophagy through the PERK signaling pathway. nSREBP1 increased PERK gene expression and phosphorylation. nSREBP1 was further demonstrated to activate ER stress response through stimulatory effects on PERK signaling. Overexpression of SREBP1 increased its cleavage and release of nSREBP1; therefore, the effect of SREBP1 is achieved through the enhancement of the expression of nSREBP1. Overexpression of SREBP1/nSREBP1 amplifies PERK-associated cell cycle stagnation with G1 phase arresting, S phase reducing, and G2-M phase delaying. LV-SREBP1/nSREBP1 can also bolster PERK's ER stress-associated pro-apoptotic effects. LV-SREBP1/nSREBP1 and LV-PERK can activate autophagy in ER stress response, along with the overexpression of SREBP1/nSREBP1 and PERK. This resulted in amplification of PERK-related changes to cell proliferation and ER stress-mediated apoptosis and autophagy, with the biological effect of nSREBP1 relying on PERK, which makes up one of the three branches of the UPR signaling pathway. This study reveals important roles for SREBP1/nSREBP1 in PERK signaling under ER stress. Furthermore, nSREBP1, the nuclear active form of SREBP1, is able to robustly augment the effects of PERK. Description of the link between PERK and SREBP1/nSREBP1 function offers an improved understanding of the ER stress response and insight into the biological function of SREBP1/nSREBP1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Hu
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Core Facility of Development Biology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yu Mao
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Core Facility of Development Biology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Min Liu
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Core Facility of Development Biology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Rui Luo
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Core Facility of Development Biology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Rong Jiang
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fengjin Guo
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Core Facility of Development Biology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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12
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Zhai M, Liu C, Li Y, Zhang P, Yu Z, Zhu H, Zhang L, Zhang Q, Wang J, Wang J. Dexmedetomidine inhibits neuronal apoptosis by inducing Sigma-1 receptor signaling in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 11:9556-9568. [PMID: 31682592 PMCID: PMC6874446 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Dexmedetomidine is known to alleviate cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CIRI). We established a rat model of CIRI, which exhibited higher neurological deficit scores and a greater number of apoptotic cells in the cerebral ischemic penumbra than controls. Dexmedetomidine reversed the neuronal apoptosis and improved neurological function in this model. We then examined Sigma-1 receptor (Sig-1R) expression on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in brain tissues at different reperfusion time points. Sig-1R expression increased with CIRI and decreased with increasing reperfusion times. After 24 hours of reperfusion, dexmedetomidine upregulated Sig-1R expression, and ER stress proteins (GRP78, CHOP, JNK and Caspase-3) were detected in brain tissues with Western blotting. Moreover, GRP78 expression followed a pattern similar to Sig-1R. Dexmedetomidine induced GRP78 expression but inhibited CHOP, Caspase-3 and phosphorylated-JNK expression in brain tissues. A Sig-1R-specific inhibitor reduced GRP78 expression and partially inhibited the upregulation of GRP78 by dexmedetomidine. The inhibitor also increased CHOP and Caspase-3 expression and partially reversed the inhibitory effects of dexmedetomidine on these pro-apoptotic ER stress proteins. These results suggest that dexmedetomidine at least partially inhibits ER stress-induced apoptosis by activating Sig-1R, thereby attenuating brain damage after 24 hours of ischemia-reperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meili Zhai
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Central Hospital of Gynecology Obstetrics, Gynecology Obstetrics Hospital of Nankai University, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Human Development and Reproductive Regulation, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Chong Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Central Laboratory, Tianjin 4th Centre Hospital, The Fourth Central Hospital Affiliated to Nankai University, Tianjin 300140, China
| | - Yuexiang Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Xiqing Hospital, Tianjin 300380, China
| | - Peijun Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Central Hospital of Gynecology Obstetrics, Gynecology Obstetrics Hospital of Nankai University, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Human Development and Reproductive Regulation, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Zhiqiang Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Central Hospital of Gynecology Obstetrics, Gynecology Obstetrics Hospital of Nankai University, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Human Development and Reproductive Regulation, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - He Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Central Hospital of Gynecology Obstetrics, Gynecology Obstetrics Hospital of Nankai University, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Human Development and Reproductive Regulation, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Central Hospital of Gynecology Obstetrics, Gynecology Obstetrics Hospital of Nankai University, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Human Development and Reproductive Regulation, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Central Hospital of Gynecology Obstetrics, Gynecology Obstetrics Hospital of Nankai University, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Human Development and Reproductive Regulation, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Jianbo Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Central Hospital of Gynecology Obstetrics, Gynecology Obstetrics Hospital of Nankai University, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Human Development and Reproductive Regulation, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Jinhua Wang
- Department of Neurology, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou, Zhejiang Province 318000, China
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13
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Chokkalla AK, Mehta SL, Kim T, Chelluboina B, Kim JY, Vemuganti R. Transient Focal Ischemia Significantly Alters the m 6A Epitranscriptomic Tagging of RNAs in the Brain. Stroke 2019; 50:2912-2921. [PMID: 31436138 PMCID: PMC6759411 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.119.026433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background and Purpose- Adenosine in many types of RNAs can be converted to m6A (N6-methyladenosine) which is a highly dynamic epitranscriptomic modification that regulates RNA metabolism and function. Of all organs, the brain shows the highest abundance of m6A methylation of RNAs. As recent studies showed that m6A modification promotes cell survival after adverse conditions, we currently evaluated the effect of stroke on cerebral m6A methylation in mRNAs and lncRNAs. Methods- Adult C57BL/6J mice were subjected to transient middle cerebral artery occlusion. In the peri-infarct cortex, m6A levels were measured by dot blot analysis, and transcriptome-wide m6A changes were profiled using immunoprecipitated methylated RNAs with microarrays (44 122 mRNAs and 12 496 lncRNAs). Gene ontology analysis was conducted to understand the functional implications of m6A changes after stroke. Expression of m6A writers, readers, and erasers was also estimated in the ischemic brain. Results- Global m6A levels increased significantly at 12 hours and 24 hours of reperfusion compared with sham. While 139 transcripts (122 mRNAs and 17 lncRNAs) were hypermethylated, 8 transcripts (5 mRNAs and 3 lncRNAs) were hypomethylated (>5-fold compared with sham) in the ischemic brain at 12 hours reperfusion. Inflammation, apoptosis, and transcriptional regulation are the major biological processes modulated by the poststroke differentially m6A methylated mRNAs. The m6A writers were unaltered, but the m6A eraser (fat mass and obesity-associated protein) decreased significantly after stroke compared with sham. Conclusions- This is the first study to show that stroke alters the cerebral m6A epitranscriptome, which might have functional implications in poststroke pathophysiology. Visual Overview- An online visual overview is available for this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil K Chokkalla
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology Graduate Program, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Suresh L. Mehta
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - TaeHee Kim
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Bharath Chelluboina
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Joo Yong Kim
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Raghu Vemuganti
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology Graduate Program, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veteran Administration Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
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14
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Shakib N, Khadem Ansari MH, Karimi P, Rasmi Y. Neuroprotective mechanism of low-dose sodium nitrite in oxygen-glucose deprivation model of cerebral ischemic stroke in PC12 cells. EXCLI JOURNAL 2019; 18:229-242. [PMID: 31217786 PMCID: PMC6558507 DOI: 10.17179/excli2018-1947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to clarify the mechanisms of the protective effects of low-dose sodium nitrite (SN) on oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD)-induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in PC12 cells. The PC12 cells were exposed to 4 h of OGD and treated with 100 μmol SN. The expression and activity of ER stress markers, including PKR-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK), transcription factor 6 (ATF6), CCAAT/enhancer binding protein homologous protein (CHOP), as well as caspase-12 and -3, were detected by immunoblotting assay. Fluorescence staining was used to detect the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and Ca2+ release from the ER. Cell viability was also evaluated by MTT assay. It was found that SN significantly inhibited ROS production and Ca2+ release from the ER in OGD-injured PC12 cells. Moreover, ER stress marker expression and cleaved fragments of caspase-3 and -12 in OGD-injured PC12 cells were decreased after SN treatment. These findings were accompanied by a significant increase in cell viability. It seems that SN exerts a neuroprotective effect at least partially through reduction of ROS-mediated ER stress caused by OGD insult.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nader Shakib
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | | | - Pouran Karimi
- Neurosciences Research Center (NSRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Yousef Rasmi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
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15
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Zhou ZD, Selvaratnam T, Lee JCT, Chao YX, Tan EK. Molecular targets for modulating the protein translation vital to proteostasis and neuron degeneration in Parkinson's disease. Transl Neurodegener 2019; 8:6. [PMID: 30740222 PMCID: PMC6360798 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-019-0145-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the most common neurodegenerative movement disorder, which is characterized by the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the Substantia Nigra pars compacta concomitant with Lewy body formation in affected brain areas. The detailed pathogenic mechanisms underlying the selective loss of dopaminergic neurons in PD are unclear, and no drugs or treatments have been developed to alleviate progressive dopaminergic neuron degeneration in PD. However, the formation of α-synuclein-positive protein aggregates in Lewy body has been identified as a common pathological feature of PD, possibly stemming from the consequence of protein misfolding and dysfunctional proteostasis. Proteostasis is the mechanism for maintaining protein homeostasis via modulation of protein translation, enhancement of chaperone capacity and the prompt clearance of misfolded protein by the ubiquitin proteasome system and autophagy. Deregulated protein translation and impaired capacities of chaperone or protein degradation can disturb proteostasis processes, leading to pathological protein aggregation and neurodegeneration in PD. In recent years, multiple molecular targets in the modulation of protein translation vital to proteostasis and dopaminergic neuron degeneration have been identified. The potential pathophysiological and therapeutic significance of these molecular targets to neurodegeneration in PD is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Dong Zhou
- 1Department of Research, National Neuroscience Institute, 11 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, Singapore, 308433 Singapore.,3Signature Research Program in Neuroscience and Behavioural Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School Singapore, 8 College Road, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Thevapriya Selvaratnam
- 1Department of Research, National Neuroscience Institute, 11 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, Singapore, 308433 Singapore
| | - Ji Chao Tristan Lee
- 1Department of Research, National Neuroscience Institute, 11 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, Singapore, 308433 Singapore
| | - Yin Xia Chao
- 1Department of Research, National Neuroscience Institute, 11 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, Singapore, 308433 Singapore
| | - Eng-King Tan
- 1Department of Research, National Neuroscience Institute, 11 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, Singapore, 308433 Singapore.,2Department of Neurology, Singapore General Hospital, Outram Road, Singapore, 169608 Singapore.,3Signature Research Program in Neuroscience and Behavioural Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School Singapore, 8 College Road, Singapore, Singapore
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16
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Zhang Y, Xu N, Ding Y, Doycheva DM, Zhang Y, Li Q, Flores J, Haghighiabyaneh M, Tang J, Zhang JH. Chemerin reverses neurological impairments and ameliorates neuronal apoptosis through ChemR23/CAMKK2/AMPK pathway in neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:97. [PMID: 30718467 PMCID: PMC6362229 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1374-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is a devastating neurological event that contributes to the prolonged neurodevelopmental consequences in infants. Therapeutic strategies focused on attenuating neuronal apoptosis in the penumbra appears to be promising. Given the increasingly recognized neuroprotective roles of adipokines in HIE, we investigated the potential anti-apoptotic roles of a novel member of adipokines, Chemerin, in an experimental model of HIE. In the present study, 10-day-old rat pups underwent right common carotid artery ligation followed by 2.5 h hypoxia. At 1 h post hypoxia, pups were intranasally administered with human recombinant chemerin (rh-chemerin). Here, we showed that rh-chemerin prevented the neuronal apoptosis and degeneration as evidenced by the decreased expression of the pro-apoptotic markers, cleaved caspase 3 and Bax, as well as the numbers of Fluoro-Jade C and TUNEL-positive neurons. Furthermore, rh-Chemerin reversed neurological and morphological impairments induced by hypoxia-ischemia in neonatal rats at 24 h and 4 weeks after HIE. In addition, chemerin-mediated neuronal survival correlated with the elevation of chemerin receptor 23 (chemR23), phosphorylated calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase 2 (CAMKK2), as well as phosphorylated adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Specific inhibition of chemR23, CAMKK2, and AMPK abolished the anti-apoptotic effects of rh-chemerin at 24 h after HIE, demonstrating that rh-chemerin ameliorated neuronal apoptosis partially via activating chemR23/CAMKK2/AMPK signaling pathway. Neuronal apoptosis is a well-established contributing factor of pathological changes and the neurological impairment after HIE. These results revealed mechanisms of neuroprotection by rh-chemerin, and indicated that activation of chemR23 might be harnessed to protect from neuronal apoptosis in HIE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixin Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA
| | - Ningbo Xu
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA
| | - Yan Ding
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA
| | - Desislava Met Doycheva
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA
| | - Yiting Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA
| | - Jerry Flores
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA
| | - Mina Haghighiabyaneh
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA
| | - Jiping Tang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA
| | - John H Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA.
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Neurosurgery and Neurology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA.
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17
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Okubo Y, Mikami Y, Kanemaru K, Iino M. Role of Endoplasmic Reticulum-Mediated Ca 2+ Signaling in Neuronal Cell Death. Antioxid Redox Signal 2018; 29:1147-1157. [PMID: 29361832 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2018.7498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Properly controlled intracellular Ca2+ dynamics is crucial for regulation of neuronal function and survival in the central nervous system. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER), a major intracellular Ca2+ store, plays a critical role as a source and sink for neuronal Ca2+. Recent Advances: Accumulating evidence indicates that disrupted ER Ca2+ signaling is involved in neuronal cell death under various pathological conditions, providing novel insight into neurodegenerative disease mechanisms. CRITICAL ISSUES We summarize current knowledge concerning the relationship between abnormal ER Ca2+ dynamics and neuronal cell death. We also introduce recent technical advances for probing ER intraluminal Ca2+ dynamics with unprecedented spatiotemporal resolution. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Further studies on ER Ca2+ signaling are expected to provide progress for unmet medical needs in neurodegenerative disease. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 29, 1147-1157.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Okubo
- 1 Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo , Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Mikami
- 2 Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Toho University , Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazunori Kanemaru
- 1 Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo , Tokyo, Japan .,3 Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Nihon University School of Medicine , Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masamitsu Iino
- 3 Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Nihon University School of Medicine , Tokyo, Japan
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18
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Song J, Zhang Q, Wang S, Yang F, Chen Z, Dong Q, Ji Q, Yuan X, Ren D. Cleavage of caspase-12 at Asp94, mediated by endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS), contributes to stretch-induced apoptosis of myoblasts. J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:9473-9487. [PMID: 29943814 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Mechanical overloading can lead to skeletal muscle damage instead of remodeling. This is attributed to the excessive apoptosis of myoblasts, mechanism of which remains to be elucidated. The present study aimed to investigate the involvement of endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) and caspase-12 in mediating the stretch-induced apoptosis of myoblasts. Myoblast apoptosis was evaluated by Hoechst staining, DNA fragmentation assay, Annexin V binding, and propidium iodide staining, as well as caspase-3 and poly-ADP-ribose polymerase 1 cleavage. First, our results showed that apoptosis was elevated in a time-dependent manner when myoblasts were subjected to cyclic mechanical stretch (CMS) for 12, 24, and 36 hr. Concomitantly, CMS triggered the ERS and caspase-12 cleavage; ERS inhibitor GSK 2606414 suppressed the CMS-induced cleavage of caspase-12 and myoblast apoptosis. Silencing caspase-12 attenuated the apoptosis of myoblasts under CMS. Furthermore, CMS-induced myoblast apoptosis was partially recovered by overexpressing wild-type caspase-12 in caspase-12-silenced myoblasts. In contrast, overexpressing mutant caspase-12 (D94N), which cannot be cleaved into the active caspase-12 fragments, failed to accomplish the same effect. Finally, C2C12 overexpressing truncated caspase-12 segment (TC-casp12-D94), which starts from Asp94 and ends at Asn419, underwent apoptosis under both static and stretched conditions. Interestingly, C2C12 myoblasts seemed to be resistant to stretch-induced apoptosis upon low-serum-induced differentiation. In conclusion, our study provided evidence that caspase-12 cleavage at Asp94, induced by ERS under mechanical stimuli, is the key molecule in initiating the stretch-triggered apoptosis of myoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Song
- Department of Stomatology Medical Center, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,Department of Central Laboratory, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Department of Stomatology Medical Center, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,Department of Central Laboratory, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- Department of Stomatology Medical Center, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,Department of Central Laboratory, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Fang Yang
- Department of Stomatology Medical Center, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhenggang Chen
- Department of Stomatology Medical Center, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Quanjiang Dong
- Department of Central Laboratory, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qiuxia Ji
- Department of Stomatology Medical Center, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiao Yuan
- Department of Stomatology Medical Center, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Dapeng Ren
- Department of Stomatology Medical Center, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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19
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Lin YW, Chen TY, Hung CY, Tai SH, Huang SY, Chang CC, Hung HY, Lee EJ. Melatonin protects brain against ischemia/reperfusion injury by attenuating endoplasmic reticulum stress. Int J Mol Med 2018; 42:182-192. [PMID: 29620280 PMCID: PMC5979830 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress plays a vital role in mediating ischemic reperfusion damage in brain. In this study, we evaluated whether melatonin inhibits ER stress in cultured neurons exposed to oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD) and in rats subjected to transient focal cerebral ischemia. Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with melatonin (5 mg/kg) or control at reperfusion onset after transient occlusion of the right middle cerebral artery (MCA) for 90 min. Brain infarction and hemorrhage within infarcts were measured. The expression of ER stress proteins of phosphorylation of PRKR-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (p-PERK), phosphorylation of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α (p-eIF2α), activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) and C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) were detected by western blotting and immunohistochemistry analysis. The terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) method, cleaved caspase-3 and cytochrome c were used to investigate cell apoptosis in OGD-induced cultured neurons. Our results demonstrated that animals treated with melatonin had significantly reduced infarction volumes and individual cortical lesion sizes as well as increased numbers of surviving neurons. Melatonin can significantly modulate protein levels by decreasing both p-PERK and p-eIF2α in the ischemic core and penumbra. Moreover, the expressions of ATF4 and CHOP were restrained in the ischemic core and penumbra, respectively. Furthermore, pretreatment with melatonin at 10–100 µM effectively reduced the levels of p-PERK and p-eIF2α in cultured neurons after OGD injury. Melatonin treatment also effectively decreased neuron apoptosis resulting from OGD-induced neuron injury. These results indicate that melatonin effectively attenuated post-ischemic ER stress after ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wen Lin
- Neurophysiology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70428, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Tsung Ying Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Buddhist Tzu-Chi University and Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien 97004, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chia Yang Hung
- Neurophysiology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70428, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Shih Huang Tai
- Neurophysiology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70428, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Sheng Yang Huang
- Neurophysiology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70428, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Che Chao Chang
- Neurophysiology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70428, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Hsin Yi Hung
- School of Pharmacy, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70428, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - E Jian Lee
- Neurophysiology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70428, Taiwan, R.O.C
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20
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Anzell AR, Maizy R, Przyklenk K, Sanderson TH. Mitochondrial Quality Control and Disease: Insights into Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 55:2547-2564. [PMID: 28401475 PMCID: PMC5636654 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0503-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 250] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are key regulators of cell fate during disease. They control cell survival via the production of ATP that fuels cellular processes and, conversely, cell death via the induction of apoptosis through release of pro-apoptotic factors such as cytochrome C. Therefore, it is essential to have stringent quality control mechanisms to ensure a healthy mitochondrial network. Quality control mechanisms are largely regulated by mitochondrial dynamics and mitophagy. The processes of mitochondrial fission (division) and fusion allow for damaged mitochondria to be segregated and facilitate the equilibration of mitochondrial components such as DNA, proteins, and metabolites. The process of mitophagy are responsible for the degradation and recycling of damaged mitochondria. These mitochondrial quality control mechanisms have been well studied in chronic and acute pathologies such as Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, stroke, and acute myocardial infarction, but less is known about how these two processes interact and contribute to specific pathophysiologic states. To date, evidence for the role of mitochondrial quality control in acute and chronic disease is divergent and suggests that mitochondrial quality control processes can serve both survival and death functions depending on the disease state. This review aims to provide a synopsis of the molecular mechanisms involved in mitochondrial quality control, to summarize our current understanding of the complex role that mitochondrial quality control plays in the progression of acute vs chronic diseases and, finally, to speculate on the possibility that targeted manipulation of mitochondrial quality control mechanisms may be exploited for the rationale design of novel therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony R Anzell
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Rita Maizy
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Karin Przyklenk
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Thomas H Sanderson
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA.
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA.
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA.
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21
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Kahl A, Blanco I, Jackman K, Baskar J, Milaganur Mohan H, Rodney-Sandy R, Zhang S, Iadecola C, Hochrainer K. Cerebral ischemia induces the aggregation of proteins linked to neurodegenerative diseases. Sci Rep 2018; 8:2701. [PMID: 29426953 PMCID: PMC5807442 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-21063-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein aggregation critically affects cell viability in neurodegenerative diseases, but whether this also occurs in ischemic brain injury remains elusive. Prior studies report the post-ischemic aggregation of ubiquitin, small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO) and ribosomes, however whether other proteins are also affected is unknown. Here we employed a proteomic approach to identify the insoluble, aggregated proteome after cerebral ischemia. Mice underwent transient middle cerebral artery occlusion or sham-surgery. After 1-hour reperfusion, prior to apparent brain injury, mice were sacrificed and detergent-insoluble proteins were obtained and identified by nanoLC-MS/MS. Naturally existing insoluble proteins were determined in sham controls and aggregated proteins after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion were identified. Selected aggregated proteins found by proteomics were biochemically verified and aggregation propensities were studied during ischemia with or without reperfusion. We found that ischemia/reperfusion induces the aggregation of RNA-binding and heat-shock proteins, ubiquitin, SUMO and other proteins involved in cell signalling. RNA-binding proteins constitute the largest group of aggregating proteins in ischemia. These include TDP43, FUS, hnRNPA1, PSF/SFPQ and p54/NONO, all of which have been linked to neurodegeneration associated with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia. The aggregation of neurodegeneration-related disease proteins in cerebral ischemia unveils a previously unappreciated molecular overlap between neurodegenerative diseases and ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Kahl
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY10065, USA
| | - Ismary Blanco
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY10065, USA
| | - Katherine Jackman
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY10065, USA
| | - Juhi Baskar
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY10065, USA
| | - Harihar Milaganur Mohan
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY10065, USA
| | - Reunet Rodney-Sandy
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY10065, USA
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Institute of Biotechnology and Life Sciences Biotechnologies, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY14853, USA
| | - Costantino Iadecola
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY10065, USA
| | - Karin Hochrainer
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY10065, USA.
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22
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Islam A, Choudhury ME, Kigami Y, Utsunomiya R, Matsumoto S, Watanabe H, Kumon Y, Kunieda T, Yano H, Tanaka J. Sustained anti-inflammatory effects of TGF-β1 on microglia/macrophages. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2017; 1864:721-734. [PMID: 29269050 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2017.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic brain injuries caused release of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) that activate microglia/macrophages (MG/MPs) by binding to Toll-like receptors. Using middle cerebral artery transiently occluded rats, we confirmed that MG/MPs expressed inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) on 3days after reperfusion (dpr) in ischemic rat brain. iNOS expression almost disappeared on 7dpr when transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) expression was robustly increased. After transient incubation with TGF-β1 for 24h, rat primary microglial cells were incubated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and released NO level was measured. The NO release was persistently suppressed even 72h after removal of TGF-β1. The sustained TGF-β1 effects were not attributable to microglia-derived endogenous TGF-β1, as revealed by TGF-β1 knockdown and in vitro quantification studies. Then, boiled supernatants prepared from ischemic brain tissues showed the similar sustained inhibitory effects on LPS-treated microglial cells that were prevented by the TGF-β1 receptor-selective blocker SB525334. After incubation with TGF-β1 for 24h and its subsequent removal, LPS-induced phosphorylation of IκB kinases (IKKs), IκB degradation, and NFκB nuclear translocation were inhibited in a sustained manner. SB525334 abolished all these effects of TGF-β1. In consistent with the in vitro results, phosphorylated IKK-immunoreactivity was abundant in MG/MPs in ischemic brain lesion on 3dpr, whereas it was almost disappeared on 7dpr. The findings suggest that abundantly produced TGF-β1 in ischemic brain displays sustained anti-inflammatory effects on microglial cells by persistently inhibiting endogenous Toll-like receptor ligand-induced IκB degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afsana Islam
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Japan
| | | | - Yuka Kigami
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Japan
| | - Ryo Utsunomiya
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Japan
| | - Shirabe Matsumoto
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Japan
| | - Hideaki Watanabe
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Kumon
- Department of Regeneration of Community Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Japan
| | - Takeharu Kunieda
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Japan
| | - Hajime Yano
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Japan
| | - Junya Tanaka
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Japan.
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23
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Zhang C, Tang Y, Li Y, Xie L, Zhuang W, Liu J, Gong J. Unfolded protein response plays a critical role in heart damage after myocardial ischemia/reperfusion in rats. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0179042. [PMID: 28591178 PMCID: PMC5462470 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The unfolded protein response (UPR) plays a critical role in cell death mediated by ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. However, little is known about the exact mechanism of UPR signaling pathways after myocardial I/R injury in rats. An attempt was therefore made to assess whether the myocardial I/R induced UPR, and which branch of UPR (ATF6, IRE1 and PERK) signal pathway was activated. Sprague-Dawley rats were pretreated with UPR stimulator dithiothreitol (DTT) and UPR inhibitor 4-phenylbutyrate (4PBA) and then subjected to myocardial I/R surgery. Compared with sham-operated group, the expression of GRP78, ATF6, CHOP and sXBP1 in the I/R injured group is significantly increased at transcript and protein levels, which indicated that all the three signal pathways of UPR were activated in the myocardial I/R injury. Compared with the I/R injured group, treatment with 4PBA effectively decreased myocardium infarct size, reduced myocardial apoptosis, down-regulated caspase-12 expression, diminished serum creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase levels. In contrast, these effects were reversed in DTT treated group. In summary, these results demonstrated that myocardial I/R injury activates UPR and inhibiting cell UPR possesses a cardioprotective effect through the suppression of ER stress-induced apoptosis. Therefore, inhibition of UPR might be used as a therapeutic target during myocardial I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengcheng Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yi Tang
- Department of Cardiology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yanming Li
- Department of Cardiology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Liang Xie
- Department of Cardiology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Zhuang
- Department of Cardiology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- * E-mail: (JG); (JL)
| | - Jianbin Gong
- Department of Cardiology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- * E-mail: (JG); (JL)
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24
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Hu Y, Wang Z, Pan S, Fang M, Jiang H, Mao Y, Zhang H, Ji Y, Zhang F, Lin L, Lin Z, Xiao J. Inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum stress is involved in the neuroprotective effect of aFGF in neonatal hypoxic-ischaemic brain injury. Oncotarget 2017; 8:60941-60953. [PMID: 28977836 PMCID: PMC5617396 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Acidic fibroblast growth factor (aFGF) has been shown to exert neuroprotective effects in experimental models and human patients. In this study, we investigated whether aFGF intranasal-treatment protected against neonatal hypoxic-ischaemic brain injury and evaluated the role of endoplasmic reticulum stress. The Rice-Vannucci model of neonatal hypoxic-ischaemic brain injury was used in 7-day-old rats, which were subjected to unilateral carotid artery ligation followed by 2.5 h of hypoxia. Intranasal aFGF or vehicle was administered immediately after hypoxic-ischaemic injury (100 ng/g) and then twice a day for 1 week to evaluate the long-term effects. Here we reported that intranasal-treatment with aFGF significantly reduced hypoxic-ischaemic brain infarct volumes and the protective effects were at least partially via inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress. In addition, aFGF exerted long-term neuroprotective effects against brain atrophy and neuron loss at 7-day after injury. Our data indicate that therapeutic strategies targeting endoplasmic reticulum stress may be promising to the treatment of neonatal hypoxic-ischaemic brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Hu
- Department of Neonatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Zhouguang Wang
- Molecular Pharmacology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Shulin Pan
- Department of Neonatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Mingchu Fang
- Department of Neonatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Huai Jiang
- Department of Neonatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Yuqin Mao
- Molecular Pharmacology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Neonatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Yiming Ji
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, 317000, China
| | - Fabiao Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, 317000, China
| | - Li Lin
- Molecular Pharmacology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Zhenlang Lin
- Department of Neonatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Jian Xiao
- Molecular Pharmacology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
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25
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Coimbra-Costa D, Alva N, Duran M, Carbonell T, Rama R. Oxidative stress and apoptosis after acute respiratory hypoxia and reoxygenation in rat brain. Redox Biol 2017; 12:216-225. [PMID: 28259102 PMCID: PMC5334548 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2017.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Revised: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute hypoxia increases the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the brain. However, the effect of reoxygenation, unavoidable to achieve full recovery of the hypoxic organ, has not been clearly established. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of exposition to acute severe respiratory hypoxia followed by reoxygenation on the evolution of oxidative stress and apoptosis in the brain. We investigated the effect of in vivo acute severe normobaric hypoxia (rats exposed to 7% O2 for 6 h) and reoxygenation in normoxia (21% O2 for 24 h or 48 h) on oxidative stress markers, the antioxidant system and apoptosis in the brain. After respiratory hypoxia we found increased levels of HIF-1α expression, lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation and nitric oxide in brain extracts. Antioxidant defence systems such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), reduced glutathione (GSH) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and the reduced/oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) ratio were significantly decreased in the brain. After 24 h of reoxygenation, oxidative stress parameters and the anti-oxidant system returned to control values. Regarding the apoptosis parameters, acute hypoxia increased cytochrome c, AIF and caspase 3 activity in the brain. The apoptotic effect is greatest after 24 h of reoxygenation. Immunohistochemistry suggests that CA3 and dentate gyrus in the hippocampus seem more susceptible to hypoxia than the cortex. Severe acute hypoxia increases oxidative damage, which in turn could activate apoptotic mechanisms. Our work is the first to demonstrate that after 24 h of reoxygenation oxidative stress is attenuated, while apoptosis is maintained mainly in the hippocampus, which may, in fact, be the cause of impaired brain function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debora Coimbra-Costa
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Barcelona, Avda Diagonal, 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Norma Alva
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Barcelona, Avda Diagonal, 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mónica Duran
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Barcelona, Avda Diagonal, 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Teresa Carbonell
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Barcelona, Avda Diagonal, 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Ramón Rama
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Barcelona, Avda Diagonal, 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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26
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Li WH, Yu J, Lin YP, Tan X, Song Y. Effect of electroacupuncture at Neiguan (PC 6) and Baihui (GV 20) on CHOP and caspase-12 gene expressions in rats after ischemia-reperfusion injury. JOURNAL OF ACUPUNCTURE AND TUINA SCIENCE 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11726-017-0967-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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27
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DeGracia DJ. Regulation of mRNA following brain ischemia and reperfusion. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-RNA 2017; 8. [PMID: 28097803 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Revised: 12/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
There is growing appreciation that mRNA regulation plays important roles in disease and injury. mRNA regulation and ribonomics occur in brain ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) following stroke and cardiac arrest and resuscitation. It was recognized over 40 years ago that translation arrest (TA) accompanies brain I/R and is now recognized as part of the intrinsic stress responses triggered in neurons. However, neuron death correlates to a prolonged TA in cells fated to undergo delayed neuronal death (DND). Dysfunction of mRNA regulatory processes in cells fated to DND prevents them from translating stress-induced mRNAs such as heat shock proteins. The morphological and biochemical studies of mRNA regulation in postischemic neurons are discussed in the context of the large variety of molecular damage induced by ischemic injury. Open issues and areas of future investigation are highlighted. A sober look at the molecular complexity of ischemia-induced neuronal injury suggests that a network framework will assist in making sense of this complexity. The ribonomic network sits between the gene network and the various protein and metabolic networks. Thus, targeting the ribonomic network may prove more effective at neuroprotection than targeting specific molecular pathways, for which all efforts have failed to the present time to stop DND in stroke and after cardiac arrest. WIREs RNA 2017, 8:e1415. doi: 10.1002/wrna.1415 For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.
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28
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Zhou A. Proteomics in stroke research: potentials of the nascent proteomics. J Investig Med 2016; 64:1236-1240. [PMID: 27430243 DOI: 10.1136/jim-2016-000186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Revised: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Among omics, the proteomics assumes a unique role in that it offers the effectors or actuators of a biological condition. This brief review attempts to summarize the development in a relatively new but important subdiscipline of proteomics, the so-called nascent proteomics, and its potential applications in stroke research. First, we will discuss a few examples of proteomics-led discoveries in stroke research, and challenges or unmet demands when using commonly practiced proteomics approaches. Then we will introduce nascent proteomics and its studying tools, followed by discussions on its potentials in stroke research.
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Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder that has no known cure, nor is there a clear mechanistic understanding of the disease process itself. Although amyloid plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, and cognitive decline are late-stage markers of the disease, it is unclear how they are initially generated, and if they represent a cause, effect, or end phase in the pathology process. Recent studies in AD models have identified marked dysregulations in calcium signaling and related downstream pathways, which occur long before the diagnostic histopathological or cognitive changes. Under normal conditions, intracellular calcium signals are coupled to effectors that maintain a healthy physiological state. Consequently, sustained up-regulation of calcium may have pathophysiological consequences. Indeed, upon reviewing the current body of literature, increased calcium levels are functionally linked to the major features and risk factors of AD: ApoE4 expression, presenilin and APP mutations, beta amyloid plaques, hyperphosphorylation of tau, apoptosis, and synaptic dysfunction. In turn, the histopathological features of AD, once formed, are capable of further increasing calcium levels, leading to a rapid feed-forward acceleration once the disease process has taken hold. The views proposed here consider that AD pathogenesis reflects long-term calcium dysregulations that ultimately serve an enabling role in the disease process. Therefore, “Calcinists” do not necessarily reject βAptist or Tauist doctrine, but rather believe that their genesis is associated with earlier calcium signaling dysregulations. NEUROSCIENTIST 13(5):546—559, 2007.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace E Stutzmann
- Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, The Chicago Medical School, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA.
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30
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Zhu X, Zhou Y, Tao R, Zhao J, Chen J, Liu C, Xu Z, Bao G, Zhang J, Chen M, Shen J, Cheng C, Zhang D. Upregulation of PTP1B After Rat Spinal Cord Injury. Inflammation 2016; 38:1891-902. [PMID: 25894283 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-015-0169-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B), a member of the protein tyrosine phosphatase family, attaches to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) via its C-terminal tail. Previous studies have reported that PTP1B participates in various signal transduction pathways in many human diseases, including diabetes, cancers, osteoporosis, and obesity. It also plays an important role in the ER stress. ER stress induced by spinal cord injury (SCI) was reported to result in cell apoptosis. Till now, the role of PTP1B in the injury of the central nervous system remains unknown. In the present study, we built an adult rat SCI model to investigate the potential role of PTP1B in SCI. Western blot analysis detected a notable alteration of PTP1B expression after SCI. Immunohistochemistry indicated that PTP1B expressed at a low level in the normal spinal cord and greatly increased after SCI. Double immunofluorescence staining revealed that PTP1B immunoreactivity was predominantly increased in neurons following SCI. In addition, SCI resulted in a significant alteration in the level of active caspase-3, caspase-12, and 153/C/EBP homologous transcription factor protein, which were correlated with the upregulation of PTP1B. Co-localization of PTP1B/active caspase-3 was also detected in neurons. Taken together, our findings elucidated the PTP1B expression in the SCI for the first time. These results suggested that PTP1B might be deeply involved in the injury response and probably played an important role in the neuro-pathological process of SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhui Zhu
- Department of Osteology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, People's Republic of China
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31
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Atochin DN, Chernysheva GA, Smolyakova VI, Osipenko AN, Logvinov SV, Zhdankina AA, Sysolyatin SV, Kryukov YA, Anfinogenova Y, Plotnikova TM, Plotnikov MB. Neuroprotective effects of p-tyrosol after the global cerebral ischemia in rats. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 23:784-792. [PMID: 27180226 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2016.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Revised: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Salidroside is a biologically active compound derived from Rhodiola rosea L. Studies showed that salidroside after i.v. injection is extensively metabolized to p-tyrosol and only trace amounts of salidroside are found in the brain tissue. OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to investigate the neuroprotective effects of p-tyrosol in the global cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (GCI) model. STUDY DESIGN A total of 103 Wistar rats were assigned to groups of sham-operated (n=10), control (n=42), p-tyrosol-treated (n=36), and pentoxifylline-treated (n=15) animals. The rats of control, p-tyrosol-treated, and pentoxifylline-treated groups received intravenously 0.9% NaCl solution, 2% solution of p-tyrosol in doses of 5mg/kg, 10mg/kg, and 20mg/kg, and pentoxifylline in a dose of 100mg/kg, respectively, daily for 5 days. Rats were examined at days 1, 3, and 5 after GCI. After evaluation of neurological deficit, animals were euthanized for morphological and biochemical characterization. METHODS Rats of control, p-tyrosol-treated, and pentoxifylline-treated groups were exposed to three-vessel model of GCI. Neurological deficit, numeric density of neurons in hippocampal CA1 region, and percentage of neurons with focal and total chromatolysis were studied. Biochemical study assessed contents of conjugated dienes and fluorescent products in brain homogenate. RESULTS In control group, only 50.0% of rats survived by day 5 after the GCI; 38.1% of survived animals had severe neurologic deficit. In brain tissue of PTX-treated rats, the levels of diene conjugates and fluorescent products were 79% and 73%, respectivley, at day 5 compared with control. Differences in diene conjugates were statistically significant compared with control. The survival rate of animals treated with 20mg/kg p-tyrosol was 82.3% at day 5 after GCI. In p-tyrosol-treated GCI rats, the numeric density of neurons in the hippocampal CA1 region was higher by 31% compared with control. The percentage of neurons with focal and total chromatolysis decreased by 27% and 43%, respectively. At day 5 after GCI, the levels of conjugated dienes and fluorescent products were significantly lower (by 37% and 45%, respectively) in group of animals treated with 20mg/kg p-tyrosol compared with control. Moderate neuroprotective effects of 5mg/kg p-tyrosol administration were documented only at day 5 after GCI. In case of 10mg/kg p-tyrosol administration, neuroprotection was documented sooner: at day 1 or 3 after GCI. However, administration of 5 and 10mg/kg p-tyrosol did not affect animal survival. CONCLUSION Course administration of intravenous p-tyrosol in a dose of 20mg/kg increased survival, reduced neurological deficit after GCI, attenuated neuronal damage in the hippocampus, and attenuated lipid peroxidation in brain tissue in animals subject to GCI with reperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitriy N Atochin
- Cardiovascular Research Center and Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, United States ; RASA Center in Tomsk, Tomsk Polytechnic University, 30 Lenin Street, Tomsk 634050, Russia
| | - Galina A Chernysheva
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "E.D. Goldberg Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine", 3 Lenin Street, Tomsk 634028, Russia
| | - Vera I Smolyakova
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "E.D. Goldberg Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine", 3 Lenin Street, Tomsk 634028, Russia
| | - Anton N Osipenko
- Siberian State Medical University, 2 Moscowsky Trakt 634050, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Sergey V Logvinov
- Siberian State Medical University, 2 Moscowsky Trakt 634050, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Anna A Zhdankina
- Siberian State Medical University, 2 Moscowsky Trakt 634050, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Sergey V Sysolyatin
- Institute for Problems of Chemical and Energetic Technologies, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 1 Socialisticheskaya Street, Biysk, Russia
| | - Yuri A Kryukov
- Institute for Problems of Chemical and Energetic Technologies, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 1 Socialisticheskaya Street, Biysk, Russia
| | - Yana Anfinogenova
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Research Institute for Cardiology", 111a Kievskaya Street, Tomsk 634012, Russia; RASA Center in Tomsk, Tomsk Polytechnic University, 30 Lenin Street, Tomsk 634050, Russia
| | | | - Mark B Plotnikov
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "E.D. Goldberg Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine", 3 Lenin Street, Tomsk 634028, Russia.
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Nakka VP, Prakash-Babu P, Vemuganti R. Crosstalk Between Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress, Oxidative Stress, and Autophagy: Potential Therapeutic Targets for Acute CNS Injuries. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 53:532-544. [PMID: 25482050 PMCID: PMC4461562 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-014-9029-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Accepted: 11/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress induces a variety of neuronal cell death pathways that play a critical role in the pathophysiology of stroke. ER stress occurs when unfolded/misfolded proteins accumulate and the folding capacity of ER chaperones exceeds the capacity of ER lumen to facilitate their disposal. As a consequence, a complex set of signaling pathways will be induced that transmit from ER to cytosol and nucleus to compensate damage and to restore the normal cellular homeostasis, collectively known as unfolded protein response (UPR). However, failure of UPR due to severe or prolonged stress leads to cell death. Following acute CNS injuries, chronic disturbances in protein folding and oxidative stress prolong ER stress leading to sustained ER dysfunction and neuronal cell death. While ER stress responses have been well studied after stroke, there is an emerging need to study the association of ER stress with other cell pathways that exacerbate neuronal death after an injury. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the role for ER stress in acute brain injuries, highlighting the diverse molecular mechanisms associated with ER stress and its relation to oxidative stress and autophagy. We also discussed the existing and developing therapeutic options aimed to reduce ER stress to protect the CNS after acute injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkata Prasuja Nakka
- Department of Neurological Surgery, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53792, USA
- Department of Biotechnology & Bioinformatics, School of Life sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | - Phanithi Prakash-Babu
- Department of Biotechnology & Bioinformatics, School of Life sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | - Raghu Vemuganti
- Department of Neurological Surgery, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53792, USA.
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Chen M, Zhu A, Storey KB. Comparative phosphoproteomic analysis of intestinal phosphorylated proteins in active versus aestivating sea cucumbers. J Proteomics 2015; 135:141-150. [PMID: 26385000 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2015.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Revised: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus is becoming an excellent model marine invertebrate for studies of environmentally-induced aestivation. Reversible protein phosphorylation as a regulatory mechanism in aestivation is known for some terrestrial aestivators but has never before been documented in sea cucumbers. The present study provides a global quantitative analysis of the role of reversible phosphorylation in sea cucumber aestivation by using tandem mass tag (TMT) labeling followed by an IMAC enrichment strategy to map aestivation-responsive changes in the phosphoproteome of sea cucumber intestine. We identified 2295 unique phosphosites derived from 1283 phosphoproteins and, of these, 211 hyperphosphorylated and 65 hypophosphorylated phosphoproteins were identified in intestine during deep aestivation compared with the active state based on the following criterion: quantitative ratios over 1.5 or less than 0.67 with corrected p-value <0.05. Six major functional classes of proteins exhibited changes in their phosphorylation status during aestivation: (1) protein synthesis, (2) transcriptional regulators, (3) kinases, (4) signaling, (5) transporter, (6) DNA binding. These data on the global involvement of phosphorylation in sea cucumber aestivation significantly improve our understanding of the regulatory mechanisms involved in metabolic arrest when marine invertebrates face environmental stress and provide substantial candidate phosphorylated proteins that could be important for identifying functionally adaptive variation in marine invertebrates. SIGNIFICANCE Sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus is an excellent model organism for studies of environmentally-induced aestivation by a marine invertebrate. The present study provides the first quantitative phosphoproteomic analysis of sea cucumber aestivation using isobaric tag based TMT labeling followed by an IMAC enrichment strategy. These data on the global involvement of phosphorylation in sea cucumber aestivation significantly improve our understanding of the regulatory mechanism involved in metabolic arrest when marine invertebrates face environmental stress and provide substantial candidate phosphorylated proteins that could be important for identifying functionally adaptive variation in marine invertebrates. This study also demonstrates the usefulness of the TMT-based quantitative phosphoproteomics approach to explore the survival responses of a non-model marine invertebrate species to seasonal changes in its environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muyan Chen
- Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, PR China.
| | - Aijun Zhu
- Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, PR China
| | - Kenneth B Storey
- Institute of Biochemistry, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON, Canada, K1S 5B6
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Shima K, Klinger M, Schütze S, Kaufhold I, Solbach W, Reiling N, Rupp J. The role of endoplasmic reticulum-related BiP/GRP78 in interferon gamma-induced persistent Chlamydia pneumoniae infection. Cell Microbiol 2015; 17:923-34. [PMID: 25588955 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.12416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Revised: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 01/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Direct interaction of Chlamydiae with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is essential in intracellular productive infection. However, little is known about the interplay between Chlamydiae and the ER under cellular stress conditions that are observed in interferon gamma (IFN-γ) induced chlamydial persistent infection. ER stress responses are centrally regulated by the unfolded protein response (UPR) under the control of the ER chaperone BiP/GRP78 to maintain cellular homeostasis. In this study, we could show that the ER directly contacted with productive and IFN-γ-induced persistent inclusions of Chlamydia pneumoniae (Cpn). BiP/GRP78 induction was observed in the early phase but not in the late phase of IFN-γ-induced persistent infection. Enhanced BiP/GRP78 expression in the early phase of IFN-γ-induced persistent Cpn infection was accompanied by phosphorylation of the eukaryotic initiation factor-2α (eIF2α) and down-regulation of the vesicle-associated membrane protein-associated protein B. Loss of BiP/GRP78 function resulted in enhanced phosphorylation of eIF2α and increased host cell apoptosis. In contrast, enhanced BiP/GRP78 expression in IFN-γ-induced persistent Cpn infection attenuated phosphorylation of eIF2α upon an exogenous ER stress inducer. In conclusion, ER-related BiP/GRP78 plays a key role to restore cells from stress conditions that are observed in the early phase of IFN-γ-induced persistent infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kensuke Shima
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Infectious Diseases, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, Lübeck, 23538, Germany
| | | | - Stefan Schütze
- Institute of Immunology, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Inga Kaufhold
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Infectious Diseases, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, Lübeck, 23538, Germany
| | - Werner Solbach
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Norbert Reiling
- Division of Microbial Interface Biology, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Center for Medicine and Biosciences, Borstel, Germany
| | - Jan Rupp
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Infectious Diseases, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, Lübeck, 23538, Germany
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Bai J, Lyden PD. Revisiting Cerebral Postischemic Reperfusion Injury: New Insights in Understanding Reperfusion Failure, Hemorrhage, and Edema. Int J Stroke 2015; 10:143-52. [DOI: 10.1111/ijs.12434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Cerebral postischemic reperfusion injury is defined as deterioration of ischemic brain tissue that parallels and antagonizes the benefits of restoring cerebral circulation after therapeutic thrombolysis for acute ischemic stroke. To understand the paradox of injury caused by treatment, we first emphasize the phenomenon in which recanalization of an occluded artery does not lead to tissue reperfusion. Additionally, no-reflow after recanalization may be due to injury of the neurovascular unit, distal microthrombosis, or both, and certainly worsens outcome. We examine the mechanism of molecular and sub-cellular damage in the neurovascular unit, notably oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and apoptosis. At the level of the neurovascular unit, which mediates crosstalk between the damaged brain and systemic responses in blood, we summarize emerging evidence demonstrating that individual cell components play unique and cumulative roles that lead to damage of the blood–brain barrier and neurons. Furthermore, we review the latest developments in establishing a link between the immune system and microvascular dysfunction during ischemic reperfusion. Progress in assessing reperfusion injury has also been made, and we review imaging studies using various magnetic resonance imaging modalities. Lastly, we explore potential treatment approaches, including ischemic preconditioning, postconditioning, pharmacologic agents, and hypothermia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jilin Bai
- Department of Neurology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Patrick D. Lyden
- Department of Neurology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Studies on the Protective Effects of Scutellarein against Neuronal Injury by Ischemia through the Analysis of Endogenous Amino Acids and Ca 2+Concentration Together with Ca 2+-ATPase Activity. J CHEM-NY 2015. [DOI: 10.1155/2015/497842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Scutellarin, which is extracted from the dried plant ofErigeron breviscapus, has been reported to protect the neural injury against excitotoxicity induced by ischemia. However, there are a few studies on the protective effects of scutellarein, which is the main metabolite of scutellarin in vivo. Thus, this study investigated the neuroprotective effects of scutellarein on cerebral ischemia/reperfusion in rats by bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAO) model, through the analysis of endogenous amino acids using HILIC-MS/MS, and evaluation of Ca2+concentration together with Ca2+-ATPase activity. The results showed that scutellarein having good protective effects on cerebral ischemia/reperfusion might by decreasing the excitatory amino acids, increasing the inhibitory amino acids, lowing intracellular Ca2+level, and improving Ca2+-ATPase activity, which suggested that scutellarein might be a promising potent agent for the therapy of ischemic cerebrovascular disease.
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Zhang H, Song LC, Jia CH, Lu YL. Effects of ATP sensitive potassium channel opener on the mRNA and protein expressions of caspase-12 after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion in rats. Neurosci Bull 2014; 24:7-12. [PMID: 18273070 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-008-1227-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate effects of K(ATP) opener on the expressions of caspase-12 mRNA and protein, and to explore the role of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress pathway in the mechanism of K(ATP) opener protecting against neuronal apoptosis after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion. METHODS Two hundred rats were randomly divided into four groups: sham operation group, ischemia-reperfusion group, K(ATP) opener group, and K(ATP) blocker group. The middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model was established by intraluminal suture occlusion method; neuronal apoptosis was detected by TUNEL staining. The mRNA and protein expressions of caspase-12 were detected by semi-quantitative RT-PCR and immunohistochemical staining, respectively. RESULTS In ischemia-reperfusion group, K(ATP) opener group and K(ATP) blocker group, the number of apoptotic cells and the mRNA and protein expressions of caspase-12 gradually increased following cerebral reperfusion, and reached the peak at 24 h. In K(ATP) opener group, the number of apoptotic cells was significantly less than that in ischemia-reperfusion group and K(ATP) blocker group at 12 h, 24 h, 48 h and 72 h (P< 0.05 or P< 0.01); while the mRNA and protein levels of caspase-12 were significantly less than those in ischemia-reperfusion group and K(ATP) blocker group at all times (P< 0.05 or P< 0.01). There were no differences between the ischemia-reperfusion group and K(ATP) blocker group at each time (P> 0.05). CONCLUSION K(ATP) opener may protect neurons from apoptosis following the cerebral ischemia-reperfusion by inhibiting ER stress pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhang
- Department of Neurology, the Affiliated Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China.
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DeGracia DJ, Tri Anggraini F, Taha DTM, Huang ZF. Inductive and Deductive Approaches to Acute Cell Injury. INTERNATIONAL SCHOLARLY RESEARCH NOTICES 2014; 2014:859341. [PMID: 27437490 PMCID: PMC4897055 DOI: 10.1155/2014/859341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Many clinically relevant forms of acute injury, such as stroke, traumatic brain injury, and myocardial infarction, have resisted treatments to prevent cell death following injury. The clinical failures can be linked to the currently used inductive models based on biological specifics of the injury system. Here we contrast the application of inductive and deductive models of acute cell injury. Using brain ischemia as a case study, we discuss limitations in inductive inferences, including the inability to unambiguously assign cell death causality and the lack of a systematic quantitative framework. These limitations follow from an overemphasis on qualitative molecular pathways specific to the injured system. Our recently developed nonlinear dynamical theory of cell injury provides a generic, systematic approach to cell injury in which attractor states and system parameters are used to quantitatively characterize acute injury systems. The theoretical, empirical, and therapeutic implications of shifting to a deductive framework are discussed. We illustrate how a deductive mathematical framework offers tangible advantages over qualitative inductive models for the development of therapeutics of acutely injured biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald J. DeGracia
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University, 4116 Scott Hall, 540 East Canfield Avenue, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Fika Tri Anggraini
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University, 4116 Scott Hall, 540 East Canfield Avenue, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | | | - Zhi-Feng Huang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
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A partial pathway- and network-based transformation reveals the synergistic mechanism of JA and UA against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. Protein Cell 2014; 5:873-7. [PMID: 25217044 PMCID: PMC4225461 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-014-0098-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/29/2022] Open
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Nciri R, Bourogaa E, Jbahi S, Allagui MS, Elfeki A, Vincent C, Croute F. Chronic neuroprotective effects of low concentration lithium on SH-SY5Y cells: possible involvement of stress proteins and gene expression. Neural Regen Res 2014; 9:735-40. [PMID: 25206881 PMCID: PMC4146276 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.131578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the molecular mechanism underlying the neuroprotective effect of lithium on cells, in this study, we exposed SH-SY5Y cells to 0.5 mmol/L lithium carbonate (Li2CO2) for 25-50 weeks and then detected the expression levels of some neurobiology related genes and post-translational modifications of stress proteins in SH-SY5Y cells. cDNA arrays showed that pyruvate kinase 2 (PKM2) and calmodulin 3 (CaM 3) expression levels were significantly down-regulated, phosphatase protein PP2A expression was lightly down-regulated, and casein kinase II (CK2), threonine/tyrosine phosphatase 7 (PYST2), and dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DBH) expression levels were significantly up-regulated. Besides, western blot analysis of stress proteins (HSP27, HSP70, GRP78 and GRP94) showed an over-expression of two proteins: a 105 kDa protein which is a hyper-phosphorylated isoform of GRP94, and a 108 kDa protein which is a phosphorylated tetramer of HSP27. These results suggest that the neuroprotective effects of lithium are likely related to gene expressions and post-translational modifications of proteins cited above.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riadh Nciri
- Cellular Biology Laboratory, Purpan Medicine Faculty, Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France ; Ecophysiology Laboratory, Sciences Faculty of Sfax, Tunisia, France
| | | | - Samira Jbahi
- Ecophysiology Laboratory, Sciences Faculty of Sfax, Tunisia, France
| | - Mohamed Salah Allagui
- Cellular Biology Laboratory, Purpan Medicine Faculty, Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France ; Ecophysiology Laboratory, Sciences Faculty of Sfax, Tunisia, France
| | | | - Christian Vincent
- Cellular Biology Laboratory, Purpan Medicine Faculty, Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France
| | - Françoise Croute
- Cellular Biology Laboratory, Purpan Medicine Faculty, Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France
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Carloni S, Albertini MC, Galluzzi L, Buonocore G, Proietti F, Balduini W. Increased autophagy reduces endoplasmic reticulum stress after neonatal hypoxia-ischemia: role of protein synthesis and autophagic pathways. Exp Neurol 2014; 255:103-12. [PMID: 24631374 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2014.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress can result from several pathological conditions that perturb ER homeostasis and is characterized by accumulation of unfolded proteins in the ER lumen. To cope with ER stress, cells activate the unfolded protein response (UPR), a protein quality control mechanism aimed at restoring homeostasis. The present study was undertaken to characterize the UPR after neonatal hypoxia/ischemia (HI) and its crosstalk with autophagy. After HI, there was a significant increase of GRP78 and Hsp70 expression, phosphorylation of eIF2α, Xbp-1 mRNA splicing and CHOP expression, revealing severe ER stress and UPR. Increasing autophagy with rapamycin (Rap) significantly reduced the UPR. Rap did not further increase the eIF2α phosphorylation and p70S6 kinase (p70S6K) inactivation induced by HI. After autophagy activation, however, there was a clear co-localization between monodansylcadaverine (MDC)-positive autophagosome-like structures and the ribosomal protein S6 (RPS6), indicating the presence of ribosomes in autophagosomes (ribophagy). We found that the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine administered after Rap treatment completely reverted the increased phosphorylation of eIF2α and p70S6K inactivation, and blocked the formation of autophagosome-like structures restoring the UPR. These results demonstrate that the UPR is strongly activated after neonatal HI. Over-activation of autophagy significantly reduces this response, highlighting the relevance of the cross-talk between ER and the autophagy machinery in this important pathological condition. Furthermore, the presence of ribosome subunits in autophagosome-like structures suggests that increased ribosome turnover through autophagy (ribophagy) may represent an additional mechanism involved in the neuroprotective effect observed after autophagy over-activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Carloni
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino "Carlo Bo", Via S. Chiara 27, 61029 Urbino, Italy.
| | - Maria Cristina Albertini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino "Carlo Bo", Via S. Chiara 27, 61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Luca Galluzzi
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino "Carlo Bo", Via S. Chiara 27, 61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Buonocore
- Department of Paediatrics, Obstetrics and Reproductive Medicine, Policlinico Le Scotte, University of Siena, Viale M. Bracci 16, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Proietti
- Department of Paediatrics, Obstetrics and Reproductive Medicine, Policlinico Le Scotte, University of Siena, Viale M. Bracci 16, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Walter Balduini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino "Carlo Bo", Via S. Chiara 27, 61029 Urbino, Italy.
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Endoplasmic reticulum stress in cerebral ischemia. Neurochem Int 2014; 68:18-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2014.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2013] [Revised: 12/27/2013] [Accepted: 02/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Storey KB, Lant B, Anozie OO, Storey JM. Metabolic mechanisms for anoxia tolerance and freezing survival in the intertidal gastropod, Littorina littorea. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2013; 165:448-59. [PMID: 23507570 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2013.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2012] [Revised: 03/07/2013] [Accepted: 03/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The gastropod mollusk, Littorina littorea L., is a common inhabitant of the intertidal zone along rocky coastlines of the north Atlantic. This species has well-developed anoxia tolerance and freeze tolerance and is extensively used as a model for exploring the biochemical adaptations that support these tolerances as well as for toxicological studies aimed at identifying effective biomarkers of aquatic pollution. This article highlights our current understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in anaerobiosis and freezing survival of periwinkles, particularly with respect to anoxia-induced metabolic rate depression. Analysis of foot muscle and hepatopancreas metabolism includes anoxia-responsive changes in enzyme regulation, signal transduction, gene expression, post-transcriptional regulation of mRNA, control of translation, and cytoprotective strategies including chaperones and antioxidant defenses. New studies describe the regulation of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase by reversible protein phosphorylation, the role of microRNAs in suppressing mRNA translation in the hypometabolic state, modulation of glutathione S-transferase isozyme patterns, and the regulation of the unfolded protein response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth B Storey
- Institute of Biochemistry and Department of Biology, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario, K1S 5B6, Canada.
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Clinkinbeard T, Ghoshal S, Craddock S, Creed Pettigrew L, Guttmann RP. Calpain cleaves methionine aminopeptidase-2 in a rat model of ischemia/reperfusion. Brain Res 2013; 1499:129-35. [PMID: 23295187 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2012.12.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2012] [Revised: 12/18/2012] [Accepted: 12/28/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke results in multiple injurious signals within a cell including dysregulation of calcium homeostasis. Consequently, there is an increase in the enzymatic activity of the calpains, calcium dependent proteases that are thought to contribute to neuronal injury. In addition, cellular stress due to ischemia/reperfusion also triggers a decrease in protein translation through activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR). In the present study we found that methionine aminopeptidase 2 (MetAP2), a critical component of the translation initiation complex, is a calpain substrate. In vitro calpain assays demonstrated that while MetAP2 has autoproteolytic activity, calpain also produces a stable proteolytic fragment at 50kDa using recombinant MetAP2. This 50kDa fragment, in addition to a 57kDa fragment was present in in vitro digestions of rat brain homogenates. Production of these fragments was inhibited by calpastatin, the endogenous and specific inhibitor of calpain. Using an in vivo middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model only the 57kDa fragment of MetAP2 was observed. These data suggest that calpain activation in stroke may regulate MetAP2-mediated protein translation giving calpains a larger role in the cellular stress response than previously determined.
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Schwer CI, Stoll P, Rospert S, Fitzke E, Schallner N, Bürkle H, Schmidt R, Humar M. Carbon monoxide releasing molecule-2 CORM-2 represses global protein synthesis by inhibition of eukaryotic elongation factor eEF2. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2012; 45:201-12. [PMID: 23041477 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2012.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2012] [Revised: 08/16/2012] [Accepted: 09/25/2012] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Carbon monoxide (CO) is an endogenous gaseous transmitter that exerts antiproliferative effects in many cell types, but effects of CO on the translational machinery are not described. We examined the effects of the carbon monoxide releasing molecule-2 (CORM-2) on critical steps in translational signaling and global protein synthesis in pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs), the most prominent collagen-producing cells in the pancreas, whose activation is associated with pancreatic fibrosis. PSCs were isolated from rat pancreatic tissue and incubated with CORM-2. CORM-2 prevented the decrease in the phosphorylation of eukaryotic elongation factor 2 (eEF2) caused by serum. By contrast, the activation dependent phosphorylation of initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1 (4E-BP1) was inhibited by CORM-2 treatment. The phosphorylation of eukaryotic initiation factor 2α (eIF2α) and eukaryotic initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) were not affected by CORM-2 treatment. In consequence, CORM-2 mediated eEF2 phosphorylation and inactivation of 4E-BP1 suppressed global protein synthesis. These observations were associated with inhibition of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-Akt-mammalian target of rapamycin (PI3K-Akt-mTOR) signaling and increased intracellular calcium and cAMP levels. The CORM-2 mediated inhibition of protein synthesis resulted in downregulation of cyclin D1 and cyclin E expression, a subsequent decline in the phosphorylation of the retinoblastoma tumor suppressor protein (Rb) and cell growth arrest at the G(0)/G(1) phase checkpoint of the cell cycle. Our results suggest the therapeutic application of CO releasing molecules such as CORM-2 for the treatment of fibrosis, inflammation, cancer, or other pathologic states associated with excessive protein synthesis or hyperproliferation. However, prolonged exogenous application of CO might also have negative effects on cellular protein homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Ingo Schwer
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, University Medical Center Freiburg, Hugstetterstrasse 55, D-79106 Freiburg, Germany.
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Protective effects of diazoxide against Aβ₂₅₋₃₅-induced PC12 cell apoptosis due to prevention of endoplasmic reticulum stress. Neuroreport 2012; 23:493-7. [PMID: 22551949 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0b013e3283537615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Accumulated amyloid-β (Aβ) is a well-known cause of neuronal apoptosis in Alzheimer's disease and exerts its action partly by inducing mitochondrial dysfunction. Previous studies have suggested a neuroprotective role for mitochondrial ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channel openers against Aβ damages, but the molecular details were unclear. Recent evidence indicates that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress also plays an important role in the process of cell apoptosis. It remains to be determined whether KATP channel openers mediate their potential neuroprotective role by inhibiting ER stress pathways. The mRNA and protein expression levels of caspase-12, an ER-specific caspase, were observed. Here we showed that in response to the treatment with Aβ₂₅₋₃₅ (10 μM) for 24 h the mRNA and protein expression levels of caspase-12 were significantly upregulated; however, this change could be partly reversed by pretreatment with diazoxide (1 mM) for 1 h. This effect was negated by 5-hydroxydecanoate, a selective mitochondrial KATP channel blocker. Our results indicate that the cytoprotective efficacy of diazoxide under Aβ₂₅₋₃₅-induced insults is mediated, at least in part, by inhibition of ER stress. Demonstration of the neuroprotective action of diazoxide provides additional insights into the pathogenic mechanisms of Aβ₂₅₋₃₅ toxicity and defines possible molecular targets for therapeutic intervention.
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Abstract
Aestivation is a survival strategy used by many vertebrates and invertebrates to endure arid environmental conditions. Key features of aestivation include strong metabolic rate suppression, strategies to retain body water, conservation of energy and body fuel reserves, altered nitrogen metabolism, and mechanisms to preserve and stabilize organs, cells and macromolecules over many weeks or months of dormancy. Cell signaling is crucial to achieving both a hypometabolic state and reorganizing multiple metabolic pathways to optimize long-term viability during aestivation. This commentary examines the current knowledge about cell signaling pathways that participate in regulating aestivation, including signaling cascades mediated by the AMP-activated kinase, Akt, ERK, and FoxO1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth B Storey
- Institute of Biochemistry, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON, Canada, K1S 5B6.
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Jamison JT, Lewis MK, Kreipke CW, Rafols JA, DeGracia DJ. Polyadenylated mRNA staining reveals distinct neuronal phenotypes following endothelin 1, focal brain ischemia, and global brain ischemia/ reperfusion. Neurol Res 2012; 33:145-61. [PMID: 21499502 DOI: 10.1179/016164111x12881719352255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Most work on ischemia-induced neuronal death has revolved around the relative contributions of necrosis and apoptosis, but this work has not accounted for the role of ischemia-induced stress responses. An expanded view recognizes a competition between ischemia-induced damage mechanisms and stress responses in the genesis of ischemia-induced neuronal death. An important marker of post-ischemic stress responses is inhibition of neuronal protein synthesis, a morphological correlate of which is the compartmentalization of mRNA away from ribosomes in the form of cytoplasmic mRNA granules. METHODS Here we assessed the generality of this mRNA granule response following either 10 or 15 minutes global brain ischemia and 1 hour reperfusion, 4 hours focal cerebral ischemia alone, and endothelin 1 intraventricular injection. RESULTS Both global and focal ischemia led to prominent neuronal cytoplasmic mRNA granule formation in layer II cortical neurons. In addition, we report here new post-ischemic cellular phenotypes characterized by the loss of nuclear polyadenylated mRNA staining in cortical neurons following endothelin 1 treatment and 15 minutes global ischemia. Both mRNA granulation and loss of nuclear mRNAs occurred in non-shrunken post-ischemic neurons. DISCUSSION Where cytoplasmic mRNA granules generally appear to mark a protective response in surviving cells, loss of nuclear mRNAs may mark cellular damage leading to cell atrophy/death. Hence, staining for total mRNA may reveal facets of the competition between stress responses and damage mechanisms at early stages in post-ischemic neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill T Jamison
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
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Chang YJ, Huang YP, Li ZL, Chen CH. GRP78 knockdown enhances apoptosis via the down-regulation of oxidative stress and Akt pathway after epirubicin treatment in colon cancer DLD-1 cells. PLoS One 2012; 7:e35123. [PMID: 22529978 PMCID: PMC3329422 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0035123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2012] [Accepted: 03/13/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The 78-kDa glucose-regulated protein (GRP78) is induced in the cancer microenvironment and can be considered as a novel predictor of responsiveness to chemotherapy in many cancers. In this study, we found that intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) nuclear translocation were higher in GRP78 knockdown DLD-1 colon cancer cells compared with scrambled control cells. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Treatment with epirubicin in GRP78 knockdown DLD-1 cells enhanced apoptosis and was associated with decreased production of intracellular ROS. In addition, apoptosis was increased by the antioxidants propyl gallate (PG) and dithiothreitol (DTT) in epirubicin-treated scrambled control cells. Epirubicin-treated GRP78 knockdown cells resulted in more inactivated Akt pathway members, such as phosphorylated Akt and GSK-3β, as well as downstream targets of β-catenin expression. Knockdown of Nrf2 with small interfering RNA (siRNA) increased apoptosis in epirubicin-treated GRP78 knockdown cells, which suggested that Nrf2 may be a primary defense mechanism in GRP78 knockdown cells. We also demonstrated that epirubicin-treated GRP78 knockdown cells could decrease survival pathway signaling through the redox activation of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), which is a serine/threonine phosphatase that negatively regulates the Akt pathway. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that epirubicin decreased the intracellular ROS in GRP78 knockdown cells, which decreased survival signaling through both the Akt pathway and the activation of PP2A. Together, these mechanisms contributed to the enhanced level of epirubicin-induced apoptosis that was observed in the GRP78 knockdown cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jia Chang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Surgery, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Cancer Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ping Huang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biopharmaceuticals, College of Life Sciences, National Chiayi University, Chiayi City, Taiwan
| | - Zih-Ling Li
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biopharmaceuticals, College of Life Sciences, National Chiayi University, Chiayi City, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Hsein Chen
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biopharmaceuticals, College of Life Sciences, National Chiayi University, Chiayi City, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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Weber JT. Altered calcium signaling following traumatic brain injury. Front Pharmacol 2012; 3:60. [PMID: 22518104 PMCID: PMC3324969 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2012.00060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2012] [Accepted: 03/24/2012] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell death and dysfunction after traumatic brain injury (TBI) is caused by a primary phase, related to direct mechanical disruption of the brain, and a secondary phase which consists of delayed events initiated at the time of the physical insult. Arguably, the calcium ion contributes greatly to the delayed cell damage and death after TBI. A large, sustained influx of calcium into cells can initiate cell death signaling cascades, through activation of several degradative enzymes, such as proteases and endonucleases. However, a sustained level of intracellular free calcium is not necessarily lethal, but the specific route of calcium entry may couple calcium directly to cell death pathways. Other sources of calcium, such as intracellular calcium stores, can also contribute to cell damage. In addition, calcium-mediated signal transduction pathways in neurons may be perturbed following injury. These latter types of alterations may contribute to abnormal physiology in neurons that do not necessarily die after a traumatic episode. This review provides an overview of experimental evidence that has led to our current understanding of the role of calcium signaling in death and dysfunction following TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- John T. Weber
- School of Pharmacy and Division of BioMedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of NewfoundlandSt. John’s, NL, Canada
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